第一篇：定语从句精讲以及五十题
定语从句 【知识简介】
名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。【要点难点】
1)that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况：
① 先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best work that I can do。② 先行词由序数词修饰时，如the second book that I bought。③ 先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。
④ 先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时，如anything that he does;all that I can do now等。
⑤ 先行词有any, no, all等限定词时，如all the words that I've learned。
⑥ 先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如the city and the people that I visited。只用which的情况：
① 在非限定性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）② 介词后。Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.请看that和which的使用例句：
? It's the best film that's ever been made on the subject of madness.这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。
? Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had.莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。（本句中先行词虽是人，但由于前面也有形容词最高级修饰，仍用that较好）? Take the first opportunity that offers.抓住第一个出现的机会。
? He is the last person that one would suspect.人们最不可能怀疑他。
? Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech.只有人类具有语言的天赋。
? A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees.一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。
? Those were the very words that he said at the meeting.这些就是他在会上说的原话。? All that glitters is not gold.闪光的并不都是金子。
? Anything that you have to say had better be said in each other's presence.有话最好当面说。? There's still much that is to be done.仍然有很多事要做。
? I have changed my mind.Nothing that you say will change it.我已经改变了主意，无论你说什么也无法改变它。
? Nobody that was there could convince her of her mistake.这那儿没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。
? Every paper that you read gives the same story.你看的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。? I still can't forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation.我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。2)关系代词（that, which, who, whom等）和关系副词（when, where等）的用法区别 ① 关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。② 分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。看如下对比例句：
① This is the factory where my father once worked.这是我父亲曾工作过的工厂。（worked是不及物动词，不接宾语，所以不用which/that。where相当于in the factory）This is the factory which/that my father once worked in.（worked in的宾语是factory，故用关系代词which/that）
② I will never forget the days which/that I spent in the wood near our village.我忘不了我在我村边小树林里度过的日子。（the days是spent的宾语）
I will never forget the days when I spent my holidays with my grandparents.我忘不了我和我的祖父母一起度假的日子。（spent的宾语是holidays，不是the days）
I will never forget the small village where I spent my holidays.我忘不了我度假的小村庄。（与上句一样，spent的宾语是my holidays）
③ Is this the school which/that you visited the other day? 这是你几天前参观过的学校吗？（the school作visited的宾语）
Is this the school where you visited your teacher the other day? 这是你几天前拜访你老师的学校吗？（visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语your teacher，所以不用that/which）3)those who和he who句型
两个常用句型。He who常用于谚语中。请看例句：
? He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。? God helps those who help themselves.上帝帮助自强的人。
? He who insists on seeing with perfect clearness before he decides never decides.坚持一切看清楚之后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。
? He was a bold man who first ate an oyster.第一个吃牡蛎的人是勇敢的人。4)whose的用法
whose是关系限定词，既可以指人也可以指物，即既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。? Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails.运气永远不会帮助丧失勇气的人。? That's the man whose house has burned down.那就是那位房屋烧毁的人。
? Have you noticed the house whose windows are closed now? 你注意到了那家窗户关着的房子吗？
? He's written a book whose name I have completely forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我完全忘记了。
? Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。
注：在正式文体中，指物时，whose往往用of which表示。of which可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后，而whose只能放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：The house whose windows/of which the windows/the windows of which are broken is unoccupied.（那间窗户破了的房屋没人居住。）whose前有时有介词。
? The teacher in whose class my daughter is studying is a kindhearted man.我女儿所在的那位老师心地善良。
? Michel Croz, with whose help, Woolworth climbed to the mountain top, was one of the prefessional guides.米歇尔?克罗兹是职业向导之一，在他的帮助下伍德沃斯攀登到了山顶。? Then we had a chance to talk with that tall man, from whose accent we at once knew that he came from Hunan Province.后来我们有机会和那个高个子说话，我们从他的口音迅速知道他是个湖南人。
5)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句是先行词（即被修饰词）不可缺少的定语，限制性定语从句前不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，先行词所述对象仍很清楚，非限制性定语从句前常用逗号隔开。这里有两个例句及分析：
Those who want to go camping please tell the monitor.想去野营的人请告诉班长。（定语从句who want to go camping在句中不可少，否则先行词those不知道指谁，也就变得无意义，因此它是限制性定语从句。）
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.足球风靡全世界，它是一项很有趣的运动。（定语从句which is a very interesting game只是对意义已很明确的football作一个补充说明，因此它是非限制性定语从句。）
注意，非限制性定语从句可以用关系代词which, who, whom, whose, as及介词+which/whom等引导，也可以用关系副词when, where引导，但不能用that引导。另外，非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词是不能省略的。6)whom的用法
只有作定语从句中的宾语时才能用whom；介词后用whom不用who。口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。
? My brother, whom you met the other day, has gone abroad.前几天你遇见过的我的那个兄弟，出国去了。
? I have a few friends whom I could ring to see if they are free.我有几个朋友，我可以打电话去联系，看看他们是不是有时间。
? You have many people around you who are kind to you but whom you will soon forget.你周围有许多对你好的人，但你都会很快忘记他们。
? There came a lot of children, most of whom I didn't know.来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。
7)介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句
如果关系代词which/whom本身在定语从句中充当一个介词或介词短语的宾语的时候，有时可以将介词直接放在which/whom的前面，这样就产生了“介词＋关系代词”及“名词或代词＋介词＋which/whom”或“复合介词＋which/whom”等的结构。
? I know the man to whom you talked just now.我认识你刚才与之说话的那个人。? Life is a flower of which love is honey.人生是花朵，爱情是花蜜。
? He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.当在当地的一所中学上学，此后就去上了剑桥大学。
? It's a family of five children, all of whom are studying music.这一家有五个孩子，他们都在学音乐。
? In the attic we found some apples, none of which was fit to eat.在阁楼里我们发现了一些苹果，其中没有一个能吃的。
? I have three brothers, all of whom have gone abroad.我有三个兄弟，他们都出国了。? Soon they spotted a mountain, on top of which stood a temple.不久他们发现了一座山，山顶上有一座庙宇。8)why引导的定语从句
关系副词why用在reason之后，只引导限制性定语从句，why在从句中作状语，表示原因。? Give me the reason why you should be interested in his affairs.告诉我你为什么竟对他的事这样感兴趣。
? The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
? That is the reason why he raised the question.这就是他所以提出问题的原因。
注意：有时reason后不一定是why引导的定语从句。如下列句子中，reason后接的是which/that引导的定语从句，这是因为，reason在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
? Is this the reason which/that the chairman gave at the meeting? 这就是主席在会上所给的理由吗？
? I really can't understand the reason that/which he explained.我实在无法理解他所解释的理由。
9)where引导定语从句有时修饰一些具有抽象意义的表示地点的名词，如situation, point, position等等。
? If you are ever in a situation where someone starts shooting, drop to the ground.如果你遇到有人要射击的情况就摔倒在地上。
? But after a few days' stay they got to the point where they could read each other's thoughts.不过呆了几天之后，他们到了一个彼此能理解相互想法的阶段。
? It got to the point where I couldn't remember any of the reasons I loved him.到那时候，我无法记起我爱他的任何理由了。10)the way后的定语从句
The way后的定语从句用in which引导，in which可以用that代替，而that又可以省略。所以，表达“某人做某事的方法”有三种形式：1.the way in which somebody does something 2.the way that somebody does something 3.the way somebody does something.11)which指代前面的句中的内容
which的这一用法只能以非限定性定语从句出现。
? Jenny was late for school a third time during the week, which made her teacher very angry.詹妮一周内第三次迟到了，这使得她老师很生气。
? He left early, which was wise.他早早地离开，那是很明智的。
? He suddenly became wealthy, which changed his whole mode of life.他忽然变得富有了，这改变了他整个的生活方式。
? He often helps me with my lessons, which is kind of him.他经常在功课方面帮助我，真是感谢他。
12)which作关系限定词的情况
which作为关系限定词时，其本身代替前面所陈述的内容。
? She asked me to see the doctor, which advice I took at once.她要我去看医生，我立即采纳了她的建议。
? He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today.他正在攻读经济学，这门知识在今天是非常重要的。
? He believes in students' doing more homework, which idea I am quite opposed to.他相信要让学生做更多的家庭作业，我非常反对这个观点。
which的这种用法常伴随介词而用。常见的词组形式有by which means, during which time, in which case, for which mistake, for which reason等等。
? She may have missed the train, in which case(=if this happens)she won't arrive for another hour.她也许没赶上火车，如果那样的话，她一小时是到不了的。? I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.我叫错了他的名字，为此我道歉。
? He didn't feel well that morning, for which reason he didn't attend school.那天早晨他感到不舒服，因此，他没去上学。
? Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.汤姆在大学上了四年学，在这段时间里，他学会了法语。13)as用法
关系代词as引导定语从句有两种形式。（1）as引导一个非限制性定语从句修饰一个分句，as代表该分句所表达的整个概念或其中一部分的概念。as定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾；as本身在从句中充当主语、宾语及表语。（2）用于as...as, the same...as, so...as, such...as等结构中。
as用法的第一种情况：
? As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳旋转。
? He must be an African, as may be seen from the colour of his skin.他准是个非洲人，这可以从他的肤色看得出来。
? If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, we'll not receive him.如果他再一次像以往那样迟到，我们就不接待他了。
? She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be.她是个很出色的歌唱家，像她的母亲当年一样。
? As you will find out, all is now settled.你会发现，现在一切都解决了。
? Helen is somewhat crazy, as everyone could see.海伦有些神经错乱，这种情况每个人都看得出。
注意这一类的as表面上看好像和which代替全句时的用法相似，但as引导的定语从句的最大特点是它的意思多侧重于表达“（正）像......、（正）如......”及类似的意思。一般说来，当关系代词在从句中作be动词的主语或一般动词的宾语时，which和as可交替使用；当关系代词在从句中作一般动词（非be动词）的主语时，只能用which；as可置于句首、句中，而which则不能。例如：
? He was late for school, as/which was usual with him.他上学迟到了，他经常这样。
? He saw the girl, as/which he had hoped(he would).他见到了那位姑娘姑娘，正像他希望的那样。
? He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到了那位姑娘，这使得他很开心。（句中的which不能用as代替，因为从句中的delighted是非be动词）
? As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules.正如上面所说的那样，语法不是一套死的规则。（句中的As不能用Which代替，因为此定语从句置于句首）as用法的第二种情况：
? There's as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it.海里有的是鱼；天涯处处有芳草。? Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.这是一块没人能搬动的大石头。
? Her manner and attitude toward him were quite the same as they had always been.她对他的举止和态度和往常是完全相同的。
? He does not possess such a mind as is necessary to a scientist.他缺乏科学家所必须具备的头脑。
? Such food as they gave us was scarcely fit to eat.他们给我们的食物很不适合吃。? A man such as he will surely succeed.像他这样的人是肯定会成功的。
? I haven't much money but you can use such as I have.我钱不多，可你能用我所有的钱。? Such as you see is all we have.你所见到的就是我们所有的东西。14)介词+whom/which + to do的类定语从句结构的不定式用法
? This is a useful tool with which to cut steel.这是可以用来切割钢材的工具。
? Can you recommend someone from whom to learn how to use the software? 你能推荐一个可以向他讨教使用这一软件的人吗？
? It's not a room in which to live comfortably.这不是可以舒适居住的房间。
这一结构的介词位置固定，不可移到动词之后，如第一句中的with which to cut steel不可改成which to cut stell with。15)嵌入式定语从句
有一种定语从句，在其从句中的主语和谓语之间有一个插入语如I think。这一种定语从句叫做嵌入式定语从句。嵌入的分句的谓语动词常常是think, believe, guess, imagine, say, suppose, be sure, doubt等等。
? She offered a suggestion which she said would interest you.她提出一个她说一定会引起你兴趣的建议。
? He wrote letters to every person and organization that he believed might be able to help.他写信给每个人和每个组织，他相信可能有帮助。
? That is the engineer who I think is the right man chosen for the job.那位就是我认为适合被选派做这项工作的工程师。
定语从句
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which
B.where
C.what
D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke
B.to who spoke
C.I spoke to
D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed
B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at
D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which
B.that
C.when
D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which
B.on which
C.in which
D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where
B.to which
C.which
D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where
B.that
C.which
D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year
B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year
D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked
B.which you talked C.about that you talked
D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which
B.in which
C.on which
D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A.to whom
B.on whom
C.with which
D.with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who
B.who's
C.which
D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that
B.all what
C.that
D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which
B.who
C.what
D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who
B.whom
C.that
D.as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know.A.that
B.as
C.whom
D.what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with
B.with whom I went
C.with who I went
D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read.A.the novels
B.the such novels
C.such novels
D.same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A.which
B.that
C.whom
D.what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.A.which
B.that
C.whom
D.who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.A.them
B.which
C.whom
D.who 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/
B./;whom
C.whom;/
D./;who 24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title
B.its title
C.the title of it
D.the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for which
B.for that
C.in which
D.what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.A.that
B.which
C.as
D.it 27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which
B.which;when
C.what;that
D.on which;when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which
B.whose
C.what
D./ 29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which
B.with which
C.that
D.for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have looked
B.which I have looked after C.that I have looked after
D.I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that
B.that;why
C.for that;that
D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that
B.which
C.for which
D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./
B.which
C.for which
D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which
B.either of which
C.both of that
D.both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was
B.which was
C.as were
D.which 36.My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A.who
B.which
C.that
D.it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.that
B.which
C.from that
D.from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.that
B.which
C.who
D.as
39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./
B.why
C.when
D.whose
40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A.that
B.which
C.it
D.though
41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that
B.what;what
C.which;which
D.that;that 42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A.when;who
B.that;which
C.which;that
D.when;which 43.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are
B.owns;is
C.own;is
D.own;are
44.During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A.followed
B.following
C.to follow
D.that followed 45.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that
B./
C.which
D.it
46.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.A.which;what
B.through which;what
C.through that;what
D.what;that 47.Is _______ some German friends visited last week? A.this school
B.this the school
C.this school one
D.this school where 48.John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.A.as
B.that
C.what
D.who 49.I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.A.none of them
B.neither of them
C.neither of which
D.none of which 50.All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A.are being
B.has been
C.had been
D.have been
参考答案
参考答案及解析
1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C.“和谁讲话”要说speak to sb.本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6．C.解析同第5题。7.A.解析见第3题。
8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10.A.with which是“介词+关系代词”结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有“用”的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.11.C.in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse.In front of which在从句中作状语.12.D.with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15.D.the same........as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16.D.such.........as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18.B.Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such...as或the same...as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a........,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22.C.two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24.A.whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25.A.for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for “以........而闻名”.26.C.当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.27.A.两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。29.D.for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.30.B.which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.31.A.The reason why...was that....已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。32.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.33.A.解释见28题.34.D.主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B.both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.35.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such...as或the same...as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.36.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.37.D.38.D.解析见35题.39.A.he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.40.B.which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.41.A.what happened是宾语从句.all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.42.D.years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.43.C.本句话的定语从句是who own cars.其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“.....的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44.D.that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。45.A.先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。46.B.through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47.B.为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week.不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48.A.解释见35题。
49.C.因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。50.B.本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
第二篇：定语从句
高一必修2 Unit1：Cultural relics知识点及课后测试（含答案）
一、非限制性定语从句：
1.让学生在课文中把含有定语从句的句子全部划出来，标上序号。
2.提醒学生从句子的意义和形式方面进行对比，发现两种定语从句的不同点。3.同桌之间交换意见，对两种定语从句的不同点形成初步印象。
4.教师引导学生对这些结论进行归纳分析，结合例句梳理两种定语从句的不同用法。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与主句语意关系紧凑，定语从句不与主句语意关系松散，定语从句拿掉其 能删除 他部分仍可成立 表意
功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子 无逗号与主句分开 有逗号与主句分开
使用时可以用that引导 使用时不能用that引导 形式 关系词做宾语可省 关系词做宾语不可省
as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同：
(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中和句尾，而which只能放在句末。As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.（2）as有实际意义，可翻译成“正如，正像”而which并无实际意义。常见的搭配有： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as is hoped 正如希望的
Food prices finally went down, as people had expected.（3）当定于从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which He came here very late, which was unexpected.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.as 引导限制性定语从句（1）常用于下列句式
such+名词+as… 像……一样,像……之类 the same+名词+as… 和……同样的
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和这里一样的工具。注意：下面两句意思的差别
这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。（不是同一本）这就是我上周读的那本书。（同一本）
二、课文知识点
1.cultural relics 文化遗产
Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.博物馆展出了许多出土文物。2.rare and valuable 珍贵稀有 It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.这样的天才现在很少见。
3.in search of 寻找，寻求 = in search for He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闯荡七大洋去历险.He went to the south in search for a better future.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去。4.in the fancy style 以别致的风格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……风格
These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones.这些衣服对我来说有些花哨，我还是喜欢素净些的。5.popular She is popular at school.她在学校里很受人喜欢。
This dance is popular with young people.这种舞很受青年人喜爱。
6.…a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。
decorate with 以...装饰
7.be designed for …为……而设计 by design 故意地
My brother designs to be an engineer.我弟弟立志要当工程师。
This room was originally designed to be my study.这间屋子原预定做我的书房。
His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy.他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。8.belong to 属于
We belong to the same generation.我们属于同代人。9.in return 作为回报/报答/交换
in turn 依次地，轮流的；转而，反过来
10.a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends.他被一群朋友围住了。11.become part of… 变成……的一部分 It is part of the way we act.它是我们行为表现的一部分。12.serve as 作为，用作，充当，起作用
The room can serve as a study.这间房子可作书房用。
13.a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要来宾的小型会客室。
14.Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。have sth done 请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失 We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。
15.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。(I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted.我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。)16.Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing.可悲的是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。
We consider that the driver is not to blame.我们认为这不是司机的过错。
We consider it(to be)true.=(We consider that it is true.)我们认为这是真实的。a couple of words missing 缺的两三个字 There is a page missing.缺少一页。
Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.17.be at war 处于战争状态,交战
18.remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件艺术品搬走 He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。
This old table is a valuable piece of furniture.这张旧桌子是一件很珍贵的家具。19.in less than two days 在不到两天的时间里
20.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上了运往……的火车。There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China.这是毫无疑问的,台湾属于中国。There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能胜任这个工作,这是毫无疑问的.21.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。
it remains to be seen 尚待分晓
The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明
remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在户外 These matters remain in doubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑
He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。22.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。23.One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见一个神奇的东西。
24.without doubt 无疑地，确实地
He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.25.the UN peace-keeping force 联合国维和部队
26.The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.那位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开搬走了。take apart 拆卸，拆开
Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away.玩具拿开前先将它拆成一件件的。
27.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在审讯中，法官必须确定哪些目击者可信哪些不可信。28.rather than胜于，而不是 Tom rather than Jack is to blame.该受责备的是汤姆，而不是杰克。I prefer to read rather than sit idle.我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着。We aim at quality rather than quantity.我们的目的是重质不重量。第4/8页
29.by the light of the moom 借助于月光 30.for oneself 亲自，独自地
One should not live for oneself alone.一个人不应只是为自已活着。
31.To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到惊奇的是矿口被封闭了。…….32.I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room.我认为那些在找寻琥珀屋的人们很了不起。
33.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也不认为他们会把它交给任何政府。34.do with 处理，忍受，对付 I can't do with his insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度 What do they do with the coin? 他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的? 35.take notes of 记录，把……记下来
Please take notes of the important while you read.请边读边把重要的事情记下来。
36.Read the information that is provided for the visitors.阅读一下为参观者提供的信息。They provide us with food.他们供给我们食物。
We provided food for the hungry children.我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。
It's wise to save some money and provide for the future.“积蓄点钱,为将来使用作些准备是明智的。” He has a wife and seven children to provide for.他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。
37.It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不仅给你了练习英语的机会而且在同时也给你了培养对当地历史感兴趣的机会。38.for fun 为了消遣，为了开心 He plays violin just for fun.他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。【练习】 一）填写单词
1.By definition the capital is the political and c_______ center of a country.2.Though he recovered from his illness, he r__________ weak.3.The house b_________ to the old man was built hundreds of years ago.4.Heavily as it rained, we were still out in s________ of the missing boy.5.The school building was d_________ by a famous professor in Beijing, whose s_________ many people prefer.6.I sent her a bike as his birthday g________, and she gave me an mp3 in r_________.7.She stared at herself in the m________ and lost in thought.8.They are twins.No w________ I can not tell them apart.9.He was c_________ to be honest.In fact, the e_________he gave p______ to be false.10.We mustn't _____ to know what we don't know.Please raise your questions if any.第5/8页
二）请根据中文意思完成下列句子。1.长城是世界一大奇迹。The Great Wall is one of the _______ in the world.2.请考虑一下我的建议。Please ____________ my suggestion.3．仅几名士兵没有战死。Only a few soldiers ____________ the battle.4．我偶然在那书店里见到这本珍贵的书。
5．他的绘画受到世界上一些专家的好评。Some experts of the world _______ his paintings.6．他给我们如此多的帮助我想为他做些事作为报答。He has given us so much help that I really wanted to do something _________.7．有很多人出席了这次会议，其中三分之二都是同一个学校的。There are many people present at the meeting, two thirds of whom _________ _______ the same school.8．我们认为他说的不重要。We ___________ what he said unimportant.9．那些男孩去找吃的东西去了。________ 10． 他是个对音乐有天赋的学生。三）单项选择
1.When I left, he _____ me that I should take my recorder to his birthday party.A.remembered B.reminded C.was remained D.asked 2.______ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for 3.A working party has been set up to ______ this matter.A.look up B.look for C.look into D.look through 4.The had a good preparation for the project, so they had little _____ all the work.A.troubles to finish B.trouble to finish C.difficulty in finishing D.difficulties to finish 5.That dress is such a good _____ that it will be fashionable for years.A.manner B.style C.sort D.model 6.This photo _____ me __________ my childhood.A.reminded;of B.remembered;in C.recalled;in D.remained;into 7.A year later, his friend was appointed as a sales manager, but he _____ a salesman.A.reminded B.still C.worked D.remained 8.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____ , causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised;rise B.has been rose;raise C.has raised;rise D.has raised;rose 9.As I felt so much better, my doctor ______ me to take a holiday by the sea.A.suggested B.advised C.considered D.insisted 10.______ decision is made, you must ______.A.Once;carry it out B.when;carry out it C.As soon as;work out it D.After;carry it on 11.I am very grateful for your assistance, and hope that one day I may be albe to do something for you ______.A in turns B.in case C.in return D.in use 12.When you are in ______ about the meaning of the word, you can look it up in a dictionary.第6/8页
A.idea B.talk C.wonder D.doubt 13.I’ve ______ invitation, but I don’t think I’ll______ it.A accepted;received B.received;receive C.taken;accept D.received;accept 四）定语从句专项 1.Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A.why B.when C.that D.how 2.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, was really terrible.A.when B.where C.that D.which 3.John said he’d been working in the lab for an hour, ______ was true.A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, ______, of course, made the others very happy.A.who B.which C.that D.what 5.Chongqing is the city ______ she lived when she was young.A.where B.which C.when D.how 6.Do you know the reasons ______ he came back? A.how B.which C.that D.why 7.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, ______ of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what 8.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why 9.I don’t like cars ______ owners park too close to me.A.which B.who C.whose D.of which 10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.Which B.That C.As D.Such 11.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we expected.A.what B.which C.that D.this 12.Charlie Chaplin, ______ childhood was hard, began acting at the age of five.第7/8页
A.who B.whom C.whose D.his 13.We are talking about a subject ______ the importance hasn’t been realized.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose 14.The science of medicine, ______ progress has been very rapid, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.which B.that C.in which D.with which Unit1 Cultural relics答案
（一）1.cultural 2.remains 3.belonging 4.search 5.designed, style6.gift, return 7.mirror 8.wonder 9.considered, evidence, proved 10.pretend
（二）1.wonders 2.consider 3.survied 4.rare 5.thought highly of 6.in trturn 7.belong to 8.consider 9.in search of 10.gift
（三）BACCB ADABA CDD 四）
1-5 CDBBA 6-10 DCACC 11-14BCCC
第三篇：定语从句
2
定语从句
（重庆）24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members A themB.thatC.whichD.whom
（浙江）13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform A.itB.thatC.whatD.which（北京）27.Many countries are now setting up national parks________ animals and plants can
be protected.A.when B.which C.whoseD.where
________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why 3（浙江）5.The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom 4（新课标II）I wouldbe staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which
（江苏）32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when
（天津）6.We have launched another man-made is announced in today’s newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what（四川）9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where
（上海）38.An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what（陕西）16.__is often the case with the children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As 10（山东）35.Finally he reached a lonely island ___ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom11（山东）31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where12（辽宁）34.He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which case B.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case 13（江西）33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how
（湖南）21.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which
（福建）27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which
（安徽）29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.18.【2012浙江卷】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom
19.【2012浙江卷】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which
20.【2012江苏卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what 21.【2012重庆卷】29.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
22.【2012四川卷】13.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.A.in whomB.in themC.of whomD.of them
23.【2012陕西卷】14.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what 24.【2012北京卷】26.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when25.【2012全国II】8.That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
1-5 DBDCB6-10BDAD C11-15 AACB A16-20 DDBBB21-25DCCBB
第四篇：定语从句
定语从句
1.对坚持不懈的人来说没有什么是不可能的。（those）Nothing is impossible for those who persevere.2.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。（As）
As we all know, smoking does harm to one’s health.3.桂林是一座具有两千年历史的城市。（history）Guilin is a city wihich/that has a history of two thousand year.4.你知道他辞职的原因吗？（quit）Do you know the reason why he quitted the job? 5.你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经到我们公司了。（talk）The person(who/whom)you were talking about has arrived at our company.6.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页。（page）This is the page where/in which you can find the answer.7.那位我们去年曾照看过的老太太去世了。（take care of）The old lady who/whom we had taken care of last year passed away.8.他们在原来是一个公园的地方建了一个商场。（shopping mall）They built a shopping mall in a place which/ that used to be a park.9.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。（hear）
He told us many interesting people and things(that)I have ever seen.10.这部小说很感人，我读过三遍了。（touching）This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.11.这是我见过的最宏伟的建筑了。（ever）
This is the most magnificent building(that)I have ever seen/ 12.我们欢迎任何对舞蹈感兴趣的人参加这次比赛。（welcome）We welcome anyone who is interested in dancing to enter the competition.13.他似乎没领会我的意思，这令我心烦。（grasp）
He seemed no to have grasped what I meant, which made me upset.14.我们再也不能回到那些年轻且无忧无虑的日子了。（days）We can never go back to those days when we were young and care-free.15.他把他所了解到的关于这个新技术的一切都写了下来。（learn）
He wrote down all/everything(that)he had learned about the new technology.16.大学毕业生经常感到很难一毕业就找到工作，他们大多数都没有任何工作经验。（find）
University graduates, most of whom don’t have any work experience, often find it hard to find a job upon graduation.17.医生告诉我他已经没有办法挽救这个病人了。（nothing）The doctor told me that there was nothing he could do to save this patient.18.鲁迅是中国最著名的作家之一，他曾学过医。（study）Lu Xun, who had studied medicine, was one of the most famous writers in China.19.这本珍贵的书在一个二手书店里被找到了，他的封面已经脱落了。（missing）
This precious book, whose cover/ the cover of which is missing, was found in a second-hand bookstore.20.他们在河上建了座木桥，用这个方法他妈呢就能到河对岸与那里的村名进行贸易了。（trade）
21.they built a wooden bridge across the river, by which means they could go to the other side of the river and trade with the villagers there.
第五篇：定语从句
定语从句
名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。【要点难点】
1)that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况：
① 先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best work that I can do。② 先行词由序数词修饰时，如the second book that I bought。③ 先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。
④ 先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时，如anything that he does;all that I can do now等。
⑤ 先行词有any, no, all等限定词时，如all the words that I’ve learned。
⑥ 先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如the city and the people that I visited。只用which的情况：
① 在非限定性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。② 介词后。
请看that和which的使用例句：
It’s the best film that’s ever been made on the subject of madness.这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。
Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had.莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。（本句中先行词虽是人，但由于前面也有形容词最高级修饰，仍用that较好）Take the first opportunity that offers.抓住第一个出现的机会。
He is the last person that one would suspect.人们最不可能怀疑他。
Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech.只有人类具有语言的天赋。A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees.一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。
Those were the very words that he said at the meeting.这些就是他在会上说的原话。All that glitters is not gold.闪光的并不都是金子。
Anything that you have to say had better be said in each other’s presence.有话最好当面说。There’s still much that is to be done.仍然有很多事要做。I have changed my mind.Nothing that you say will change it.我已经改变了主意，无论你说什么也无法改变它。Nobody that was there could convince her of her mistake.这那儿没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。
Every paper that you read gives the same story.你看的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。I still can’t forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation.我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。
2)关系代词（that, which, who, whom等）和关系副词（when, where等）的用法区别 ① 关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。② 分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。看如下对比例句： ① This is the factory where my father once worked.这是我父亲曾工作过的工厂。（worked是不及物动词，不接宾语，所以不用which/that。where相当于in the factory）This is the factory which/that my father once worked in.（worked in的宾语是factory，故用关系代词which/that）
② I will never forget the days which/that I spent in the wood near our village.我忘不了我在我村边小树林里度过的日子。（the days是spent的宾语）I will never forget the days when I spent my holidays with my grandparents.我忘不了我和我的祖父母一起度假的日子。（spent的宾语是holidays，不是the days）I will never forget the small village where I spent my holidays.我忘不了我度假的小村庄。（与上句一样，spent的宾语是my holidays）③ Is this the school which/that you visited the other day?
这是你几天前参观过的学校吗？（the school作visited的宾语）Is this the school where you visited your teacher the other day?
这是你几天前拜访你老师的学校吗？（visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语your teacher，所以不用that/which）
3)those who和he who句型
两个常用句型。He who常用于谚语中。请看例句：
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。God helps those who help themselves.上帝帮助自强的人。
He who insists on seeing with perfect clearness before he decides never decides.坚持一切看清楚之后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。
He was a bold man who first ate an oyster.第一个吃牡蛎的人是勇敢的人。4)whose的用法 whose是关系限定词，既可以指人也可以指物，即既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails.运气永远不会帮助丧失勇气的人。That's the man whose house has burned down.那就是那位房屋烧毁的人。Have you noticed the house whose windows are closed now?
你注意到了那家窗户关着的房子吗？
He’s written a book whose name I have completely forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我完全忘记了。
Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。
注：在正式文体中，指物时，whose往往用of which表示。of which可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后，而whose只能放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：The house whose windows/of which the windows/the windows of which are broken is unoccupied.（那间窗户破了的房屋没人居住。）whose前有时有介词。
The teacher in whose class my daughter is studying is a kindhearted man.我女儿所在的那位老师心地善良。
Michel Croz, with whose help, Woolworth climbed to the mountain top, was one of the prefessional guides.米歇尔?克罗兹是职业向导之一，在他的帮助下伍德沃斯攀登到了山顶。
Then we had a chance to talk with that tall man, from whose accent we at once knew that he came from Hunan Province.后来我们有机会和那个高个子说话，我们从他的口音迅速知道他是个湖南人。
5)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句是先行词（即被修饰词）不可缺少的定语，限制性定语从句前不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，先行词所述对象仍很清楚，非限制性定语从句前常用逗号隔开。这里有两个例句及分析：
Those who want to go camping please tell the monitor.想去野营的人请告诉班长。（定语从句who want to go camping在句中不可少，否则先行词those不知道指谁，也就变得无意义，因此它是限制性定语从句。）
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.足球风靡全世界，它是一项很有趣的运动。（定语从句which is a very interesting game只是对意义已很明确的football作一个补充说明，因此它是非限制性定语从句。）
注意，非限制性定语从句可以用关系代词which, who, whom, whose, as及介词+which/whom等引导，也可以用关系副词when, where引导，但不能用that引导。另外，非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词是不能省略的。6)whom的用法
只有作定语从句中的宾语时才能用whom；介词后用whom不用who。口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。
My brother, whom you met the other day, has gone abroad.前几天你遇见过的我的那个兄弟，出国去了。
I have a few friends whom I could ring to see if they are free.我有几个朋友，我可以打电话去联系，看看他们是不是有时间。
You have many people around you who are kind to you but whom you will soon forget.你周围有许多对你好的人，但你都会很快忘记他们。There came a lot of children, most of whom I didn’t know.来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。7)介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句
如果关系代词which/whom本身在定语从句中充当一个介词或介词短语的宾语的时候，有时可以将介词直接放在which/whom的前面，这样就产生了“介词＋关系代词”及“名词或代词＋介词＋which/whom”或“复合介词＋which/whom”等的结构。
I know the man to whom you talked just now.我认识你刚才与之说话的那个人。Life is a flower of which love is honey.人生是花朵，爱情是花蜜。
He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.当在当地的一所中学上学，此后就去上了剑桥大学。
It’s a family of five children, all of whom are studying music.这一家有五个孩子，他们都在学音乐。
In the attic we found some apples, none of which was fit to eat.在阁楼里我们发现了一些苹果，其中没有一个能吃的。
I have three brothers, all of whom have gone abroad.我有三个兄弟，他们都出国了。Soon they spotted a mountain, on top of which stood a temple.不久他们发现了一座山，山顶上有一座庙宇。8)why引导的定语从句
关系副词why用在reason之后，只引导限制性定语从句，why在从句中作状语，表示原因。Give me the reason why you should be interested in his affairs.告诉我你为什么竟对他的事这样感兴趣。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。That is the reason why he raised the question.这就是他所以提出问题的原因。
注意：有时reason后不一定是why引导的定语从句。如下列句子中，reason后接的是which/that引导的定语从句，这是因为，reason在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Is this the reason which/that the chairman gave at the meeting? 这就是主席在会上所给的理由吗？ I really can’t understand the reason that/which he explained.我实在无法理解他所解释的理由。9)where引导定语从句有时修饰一些具有抽象意义的表示地点的名词，如situation, point, position等等。
If you are ever in a situation where someone starts shooting, drop to the ground.如果你遇到有人要射击的情况就摔倒在地上。
But after a few days’ stay they got to the point where they could read each other's thoughts.不过呆了几天之后，他们到了一个彼此能理解相互想法的阶段。
It got to the point where I couldn't remember any of the reasons I loved him.到那时候，我无法记起我爱他的任何理由了。10)the way后的定语从句
The way后的定语从句用in which引导，in which可以用that代替，而that又可以省略。所以，表达“某人做某事的方法”有三种形式：1.the way in which somebody does something 2.the way that somebody does something 3.the way somebody does something.11)which指代前面的句中的内容
which的这一用法只能以非限定性定语从句出现。
Jenny was late for school a third time during the week, which made her teacher very angry.詹妮一周内第三次迟到了，这使得她老师很生气。
He left early, which was wise.他早早地离开，那是很明智的。He suddenly became wealthy, which changed his whole mode of life.他忽然变得富有了，这改变了他整个的生活方式。He often helps me with my lessons, which is kind of him.他经常在功课方面帮助我，真是感谢他。12)which作关系限定词的情况
which作为关系限定词时，其本身代替前面所 陈述的内容。
She asked me to see the doctor, which advice I took at once.她要我去看医生，我立即采纳了她的建议。
He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today.他正在攻读经济学，这门知识在今天是非常重要的。
He believes in students’ doing more homework, which idea I am quite opposed to.他相信要让学生做更多的家庭作业，我非常反对这个观点。
which的这种用法常伴随介词而用。常见的词组形式有by which means, during which time, in which case, for which mistake, for which reason等等。
She may have missed the train, in which case(=if this happens)she won't arrive for another hour.她也许没赶上火车，如果那样的话，她一小时是到不了的。
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.我叫错了他的名字，为此我道歉。He didn’t feel well that morning, for which reason he didn’t attend school.那天早晨他感到不舒服，因此，他没去上学。
Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.汤姆在大学上了四年学，在这段时间里，他学会了法语。13)as用法
关系代词as引导定语从句有两种形式。
（1）as引导一个非限制性定语从句修饰一个分句，as代表该分句所表达的整个概念或其中一部分的概念。as定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾；as本身在从句中充当主语、宾语及表语。
（2）用于as „ as, the same „ as, so „ as, such „ as等结构中。as用法的第一种情况：
As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳旋转。He must be an African, as may be seen from the colour of his skin.他准是个非洲人，这可以从他的肤色看得出来。
If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, we’ll not receive him.如果他再一次像以往那样迟到，我们就不接待他了。
She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be.她是个很出色的歌唱家，像她的母亲当年一样。As you will find out, all is now settled.你会发现，现在一切都解决了。Helen is somewhat crazy, as everyone could see.海伦有些神经错乱，这种情况每个人都看得出。
注意这一类的as表面上看好像和which代替全句时的用法相似，但as引导的定语从句的最大特点是它的意思多侧重于表达“（正）像„„、（正）如„„”及类似的意思。一般说来，当关系代词在从句中作be动词的主语或一般动词的宾语时，which和as可交替使用；当关系代词在从句中作一般动词（非be动词）的主语时，只能用which；as可置于句首、句中，而which则不能。例如：
He was late for school, as/which was usual with him.他上学迟到了，他经常这样。He saw the girl, as/which he had hoped(he would).他见到了那位姑娘姑娘，正像他希望的那样。
He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到了那位姑娘，这使得他很开心。（句中的which不能用as代替，因为从句中的delighted是非be动词）
As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules.正如上面所说的那样，语法不是一套死的规则。（句中的As不能用Which代替，因为此定语从句置于句首）as用法的第二种情况：
There’s as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it.海里有的是鱼；天涯处处有芳草。Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.这是一块没人能搬动的大石头。
Her manner and attitude toward him were quite the same as they had always been.她对他的举止和态度和往常是完全相同的。
He does not possess such a mind as is necessary to a scientist.他缺乏科学家所必须具备的头脑。
Such food as they gave us was scarcely fit to eat.他们给我们的食物很不适合吃。A man such as he will surely succeed.像他这样的人是肯定会成功的。
I haven’t much money but you can use such as I have.我钱不多，可你能用我所有的钱。Such as you see is all we have.你所见到的就是我们所有的东西。14)介词+whom/which + to do的类定语从句结构的不定式用法
This is a useful tool with which to cut steel.这是可以用来切割钢材的工具。Can you recommend someone from whom to learn how to use the software?
你能推荐一个可以向他讨教使用这一软件的人吗？
It’s not a room in which to live comfortably.这不是可以舒适居住的房间。
这一结构的介词位置固定，不可移到动词之后，如第一句中的with which to cut steel不可改成which to cut stell with。15)嵌入式定语从句
有一种定语从句，在其从句中的主语和谓语之间有一个插入语如I think。这一种定语从句叫做嵌入式定语从句。嵌入的分句的谓语动词常常是think, believe, guess, imagine, say, suppose, be sure, doubt等等。
She offered a suggestion which she said would interest you.她提出一个她说一定会引起你兴趣的建议。
He wrote letters to every person and organization that he believed might be able to help.他写信给每个人和每个组织，他相信可能有帮助。
That is the engineer who I think is the right man chosen for the job.那位就是我认为适合被选派做这项工作的工程师。
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