英美文学复习大纲

第一篇：英美文学复习大纲

英国文学（详细版）

（一）英国早、中期文学：

（1）英国的建立

（2）神话传说和《贝奥武夫》等（3）封建主义时期

（4）英国歌谣和《罗宾汉》

（5）英诗之父：乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》

（二）英国的文艺复兴

（1）转型中的英国社会（2）莫尔和他的《乌托邦》

（3）英国文学的炽盛时期：A：诗歌 B：戏剧

（三）英国资产阶级革命

（1）英国资产阶级和王政复辟（2）革命诗人密尔顿：《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》等。（3）班扬和他的讽喻作品《天路历程》（4）玄学派诗人和骑士派诗人

（5）散文作家洛勃特“巴顿，托马斯”布朗恩和吉罗米“忒列（6）复辟时期的文学创作：戏剧和德莱顿

（四）十八世纪英国文学（1）启蒙运动和古典主义（2）艾迪森、斯迪尔和蒲柏（3）斯威夫特和《格列佛游记》（4）笛福和小说的兴起

（5）理查森和他的《帕米拉》（6）小说之父菲尔丁

（7）文学家斯莫利特和斯坦恩

（8）十八世纪的戏剧和剧作家谢立丹（9）约翰生博士及其文学地位

（10）哥尔斯密斯和他的代表作《韦克菲尔德的牧士》（11）吉朋和《罗马帝国兴衰史》（12）感伤主义及前浪漫主义（13）诗人兼版画家布莱克（14）农民诗人彭斯

（五）英国的浪漫主义

（1）浪漫主义思潮（2）湖畔派诗人

（3）浪漫主义诗人拜伦、雪莱和济慈（4）散文作家兰姆”哈慈利特和李“享特（5）司各特和他的历史小说

（六）批判现实主义（1）批判现实主义的兴起

（2）犹更斯，萨克雷和女性小说家（3）批判现实主义作品特色

（七）十九世纪中晚期的散文作家和诗人

（1）卡莱尔，罗斯金等

（2）丁尼生，布朗宁夫妇，罗塞蒂和斯温伯恩（3）世纪末的文学动向。A：自然主义 B：新浪漫主义 C：唯美主义

（八）二十世纪英国文学

（1）社会和历史条件（2）早期小说

（3）诗人、小说家哈代

（4）福斯特世家和哥尔斯密斯

（5）爱尔兰戏剧运动和剧作家萧伯纳（6）现代主义诗歌

（7）心理分析和D”H“劳伦斯（8）意识流和乔伊斯、沃尔夫（9）工人阶级小说

（10）马克思主义文学评论

英国文学（精简版）

1.盎格鲁·撒克逊时代的民族史诗和贝奥武甫。 2.中世纪诗歌和浪漫传奇

杰弗瑞·乔叟；英格兰、苏格兰民歌和罗宾汉之歌。 3.文艺复兴时代：

克利斯托夫.马洛；艾德蒙.斯宾塞；伟大的戏剧家莎士比亚； 4.资产阶级革命和王朝复辟时代： 诗人约翰·弥尔顿和小说家约翰·班扬。 5.十八世纪：

现实主义小说家笛福、斯威夫特、菲尔丁、前期浪漫主义诗人罗伯特·彭斯、威廉·布菜克。6.十九世纪早期：

浪漫主义诗人华滋华斯、拜伦、雪菜。 7.十九世纪中期：

批判现实主义小说家狄更斯、萨克雷、勃朗特三姐妹。 8.十九世纪末期： 小说家托马斯·哈代。

9.二十世纪主要代表性作家与现代主义： 萧伯纳、托·斯·艾略特、乔伊斯、英国文学史上从莎士比亚起至当代22位作家以及美国文学史上从富兰克林起至当代15位作家的作品。在体裁上包括诗歌、戏剧、散文和小说，在时代上较侧重于近代。其中包括William Shakespeare、Jonathan Swift、William Wordsworth、Jane Austen、Percy Bysshe Shelley、John Keats、Charles Dickens、Thomas Hardy、Oscar Wilde、George Bernard Shaw、John Boynton Priestley;Nathaniel Hawthorne、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow、Edgar Allan Poe、Walt Whitman、Emily Dickinson、Mark Twain、Theodore Dreiser、Jack London、Robert Frost、Eugene O’Neill、Ernest Hemingway和Arthur Miller 等重要作家的代表作或节选。

ENGLISH LITERATURE

1.William Shakespeare … Sonnet 18 / The Merchant of Venice(Act IV, Scene1)2.Henry Fielding………… Joseph Andrews(Chapter 12)3.Robert Burns…………… A Red, Red Rose / Three Satirical Epigrams 4.William Blake………… London / I Heard an Angel Singing 5.William Wordsworth … The Solitary Reaper / Composed upon Westminster Bridge 6.Jane Austen ………… Pride and Prejudice(excerpt)

7.Percy Bysshe Shelley …Song to the Men of England / Ode to the West Wind 8.John Keats ………… On the Grasshopper and Cricket / To Autumn 9.Charles Dickens ………… David Copperfield(excerpt)10.William Makepeace Thackeray ……… Vanity Fair(Chapter 6)11.Emily Bronte …………………………… Wuthering Heights(Chapter 15)12.Tomas Hardy ……………… Tess of the D’Urbervilles(Chapters 13, 55 & 56)13.Oscar Wilde ………………The Importance of Being Earnest(excerpt from Act I)14.George Bernard Shaw …… Pygmalion 15.Thomas Stearns Eliot …… Morning at the Window / Aunt Helen / Cousin Nancy

AMERICAN LITERATURE 1．Benjamin Franklin ……………… Autobiography 2.Ralph Waldo Emerson …………..The American Scholar 3.Nathaniel Hawthorne …………… The Minister’s Black Veil 4.Edgar Allan Poe ………………… Annabel Lee / To Helen 5.Walt Whitman …………………… Selections from Leaves of Grass 6.Emily Dickinson ………………… Selected Poems 7.Mark Twain ……………………… The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 8.Theodore Dreiser ……………… An American Tragedy

9.Robert Frost …………………… The Pasture / Mending Wall / The Road Not Taken 10.Eugene O’Neill ……………… The Hairy Ape 11.Ernest Hemingway …………… A Farewell to Arms 12.Arthur Miller ………………… Death of a Salesman

美国文学的历史距今不过二百来年，和欧洲任何一个国家的文学史相比，它是历时最短而发展最快的。从本杰明”富兰克林到一次世界大战前的美国作家，为美国文学赢得了一定的荣誉。但真正为美国文学赢得世界荣誉的则是一战后崛起的一些作家，因此，本课程讲授的重点是一次世界大战到二次世界大战期间的美国作家。二次世界大战后的美国文坛，流派众多，且一些作家仍在创作之中。因此，对二次世界大战后的作家的讲授只是简介。

1、殖民时代的美国作家 Benjamin Franklin

美国文学 生平介绍、作品的流畅、清晰、言简意赅的文风，受18世纪英国作家的影响。作品中清教思想的反映及对后世美国文学的影响。

2、浪漫主义文学时期的美国作家 1）Washington Irving 生平介绍、对美国文学的突出贡献、对欧洲民间故事的移殖，使之成为美国文学的传统，作品的风格。2）James Cooper 生平简介、美国战争历史小说、海洋冒险小说以及边疆小说的开拓者、对小说艺术形式的贡献。3）Edgar Allan Poe 生平及创作简介，对法国象征诗人；对现、当代美国南方文学、对后世侦探作家的影响，文学理论以及对王尔德“为艺术而艺术”等唯美主义作家的影响。4）Walt Whitman 《草叶集》中歌颂自由、民主、平等、人的创造力以及对美国人民的赞颂和对现代科学技术的赞扬。对美国诗歌的独特贡献以及对威廉斯、庞德、垮掉一代作家等的影响。《草叶集》的创新及艺术风格。5）Ralph Emerson 超验主义哲学思想的核心。爱默生超验主义思想在文学中的反映及对梭罗、惠特曼、弗罗斯特的影响。６）Henry David Thoreau 对超验主义者运动的贡献及其作品的影响。７）Emily Dickinson 作品的主题、对现代诗人的影响尤其对意象派的影响、作品的艺术内容。８）Nathaniel Hawthorne 介绍加尔文教、清教思想对霍桑的思想及其作品的影响、《红字》一书的艺术手法以及霍桑对人类心灵的探讨。

３、现实主义作家 １）Mrs.Stowe 介绍废奴文学、《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的社会意义以及黑人在美国社会所受不幸遭遇等。２）Mark Twain 介绍马克“吐温的生活经历在其文学作品中的反映，其作品的社会意义，对美国社会各种腐败现象的揭露，马克”吐温代表作的艺术手法。马克“吐温的口语化语言对现、当代美国作品的影响。马克吐温被誉为“美国文学之父”。３）0.Henry 欧”享利小说的社会意义。其短篇小说的艺术风格，既“欧“享利式”的小说艺术。４）W.Dean Howells 豪威尔斯对现实主义小说的理论贡献。其作品的艺术风格。5）Henry James 詹姆斯对美国小说的贡献：小说叙事角度的转换、对人物内心世界的探索，注重作品的哲学意义和心理意义等。詹姆斯对文艺理论的贡献等。

4、美国自然主义作家

1）Stephen Crane，Frank Norris 对自然主义文学的理论贡献以及他们的自然主义小说。2)Jack London 杰克”伦敦的自传体式小说，作品的意义。3）Theodore Dreiser 德莱塞的自传体小说。分析代表作《嘉莉妹妹》和《美国的悲剧》。

5、二十世纪二十年代的美国作家 1）一战后的美国文学背景及文学倾向。

简介一战对美国作家的影响。他们对传统道德的摒弃和对传统文学形式的摈弃，他们的创作和为美国文学赢得的世界荣誉。2）Ernest Hemingway 介绍海明威的生活在其文学作品中的反映。海明威的艺术风格、小说的主题思想——“硬汉子”以及“重压下的优雅风度”简介。阐述历久不息的海明威热及其对美国文学的杰出贡献。3)F“Scott Fitzgerald 介绍“二十年代的代言人”菲茨杰拉德。分析其代表作《了不起的盖茨比》的艺术成就和社会意义。4）Imagism”Ezra Pound 介绍意象主义产生的时代背景、意象主义的发展及其消亡、各个时期的发展情况、意象主义的核心思想及对英美现、当代诗的影响。

介绍庞德对意象主义运动的巨大贡献、庞德汉诗英译的成就及其对中国古典诗歌和中国文化的不懈追求，重点讲授其代表作《In a Station of the Metro》(《地铁车站》)。5）Sherwood Anderson 介绍安德森对同时代作家的影响。重点介绍其代表作《Winesbury, Ohio》的艺 术成就、语言特色以及安德森在二十世纪20年代美国文坛上的独特地位。6）Robert Frost 介绍弗罗斯特简洁朴素的语言下蕴含的深䆳哲理。介绍弗罗斯特在传统之路上的诗歌成就、简洁语言、艺术风格以及历久不息的弗罗斯特热的原因。7）W“Carlos”Williams 介绍威廉斯的诗学理论。其诗作的语言风格和清新、质朴的语言。介绍其代表作《红色手推车》。8）T“S”Eliot 其艺术手法，对美国诗歌产生的巨大影响等。9）William Faulkner 福克纳通过对美国南方四个大家族的描述，呈现出的一幅复杂的南方社会的生活图画，表现了二百年来美国南方社会的变迁。分析代表作《愤怒与喧嚣》的社会意义、艺术手法、艺术成就等。10）Sinclair Lewis 刘易斯的小说艺术成就。其代表作《大街》和《巴比特》对美国中产阶级生活的细腻描述等。11）E“E”Cummings 肯明斯诗歌的独创性，诗作的意义。

6、三十年代的美国文学 1）30年代的文学背景

30年代的文学背景，进步作家介绍。30年代作家与20年代作家的区别等。2）Dos Passos 帕索斯《美国》三部曲的社会意义、文学成就。3）John Steinbeck 斯坦贝克的思想倾向介绍以及代表作《愤怒的葡萄》的社会意义和艺术成就。4)逃亡者——重农派——新批评

介绍崛起20于年代、以兰色姆为代表的逃亡者到30年代转向文学批评，即新批评的过程。重点介绍Ransom, Tate, Warren, Brooks 的文学批评及其偏颇。5)O’ Neill

奥尼尔的戏剧成就及美国戏剧简介。分析奥尼尔代表作一至二部。

7、二战后的美国文学

1）介绍二战后美国的社会背景，“麦卡锡时代”，冷战、对朝鲜等发动的一系列侵略战争的后果和影响。二战后作家与一战后作家的不同之处。

2）简介二战后美国诗坛上崛起的“垮掉一代”诗人、“自由派诗人”、“黑山派诗人”、“芝加哥派诗人”等。

3）介绍犹太小说家、黑人小说家、妇女小说家、南方作家等。

第二篇：英美文学复习经验

英美文学这门科目庞大之极，堪称英本自考之最。自己一个人看那么厚的一本书，不用说能不能看下来，能记住多少实在不好说！

我在复习的时候，总结了一些规律，与大家分享，望对你有用，帮你顺利通过！1.题型分析：

一般来讲，肯定是这种类型：a.单项选择题（40道，40分）b.引文简析（无非就是问问作者是谁，出自哪个作品，主题意象什么的，4道，16分）c.简答题（4道，24分）d.论述题（无非就是分析加读后感，20分）

经验：你应该可以看出来了，重点当然是单选了，分数大，又好得分，实在不行还可以蒙。建议尽可能把书看一遍，但不要看作者生平，那肯定不会考。有个印象就可以了，不用去背，如果你汉语文学功底好，可以省去不少时间。2.比例分析

据本人统计，历年来英美文学的国考试卷中英国文学占52%，美国文学占48%.（2003年4月例外，其中英国部分58%）其中，可以看出

单选题：前22题肯定为英国部分，其余为美国部分。

大题部分：基本上是一人一半，各占50% 经验：书上共652页，英国411页，美国241页。英国作家共38位，美国15位。其中，美国部分中，诗歌作品也比较少，比较好确认。结论：死学美国，顺带英国。

提醒大家注意的是，单选从第23题开始就是美国部分了，这一点可以做为你答题时转换思维的分水岭！3.内容分析

历年命题的趋势逐渐由课文内容向选读作品转移，选读的比重越来越大。

经验：课文内容作到大体了解，但要特别重视作家艺术特色。选读部分加大力度，多注意书上的注释及选文大意和某些细节，尽量作到能用英语复述。实在不行，也至少作到能用汉语复述。4.真题解析及预测

自学考试的一大特点就是重复率高，所以历年试题是必惫的复习材料，不可缺少。有人说：“一套真题等于3套模拟题！”这话绝对没错。所以要花大力气在上面。记得我考那回就有一道10分大题和前一年的一模一样。

注：马克吐温的《哈克贝里费恩历险记》的分析在2000~2002年中，连续考了三次。

经验：注意历年真题，尤其是去年的。去年的10分大题大致如下：

a.《傲慢与偏见》中的三种婚姻 b.《白鲸》选文作品复述几分析象征意义。

问：“死看美国？顺带英国？那怎么整？”

建议对策：

一。美国部分内容较少，我没记错的话，应该是15位作家，13首诗，1幕剧The Hairy Ape，1篇散文Nature，9个小说节选。1.先说小说。至少每一个节选你都要知道大意，和表达的主题（包括象征，隐喻，etc）。也就是说，选文你可以不看，但选文前的斜体介绍不能不看，那里集中着考点。记住的越多越好。

2.再说诗歌。美国部分的诗歌除了“easy”想不出别的来形容，原因是其口语风格。你所要做的，就是记住名字，然后把简介（就是诗歌前面的斜体内容）和书上的注释部分背下来。我敢说你诗歌部分（也就是第二题）基本OK了。3.至于散文和戏剧，不用花大力气，两者的方法同小说部分。另：Nature你要注意新英格兰超验主义，和“The Transparent eyeball”。千万别去读《毛猿》，太乱，不易读懂。

4.关于如何对待课文内容，千万别看作者生平，肯定不考。建议略过生平，采取两遍的方法：第一遍先用笔画，画出你认为可能出题的地方，第二遍只看你画的地方，记住关键词。

还有，参照书后的大纲，大纲上提到的作品有限，如果时间紧，就只记住大纲提到的作品便可省去不少时间。

二。英国部分的方法同美国，但见于其内容太多，所以可以适用时间充裕的人。此处不再敖述。

就我对从1999~2003年国考题的分析看，大纲每一章后都有一个终结，包括一般了解，了解，掌握，应用等。最后一道20分的大题一般都是大纲的应用部分的内容，应给予高度重视。English American Literature

Old English 450-1066

Medieval English 1066the father of English poetry

first time to use ‘heroic couplet’？

The Renaissancethe essence of the Renaissance，the dignity of human being the importance of the present life

Edmund SpenserUniversity Wits，the pioneer of English drama

Blank verse，hyperbole夸张

the human passion for knowledge，power and happiness

pastoral life

William ShakespeareHamlet，Othello，King Lear Macbeth

eternal or immortal beauty

to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio，to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty，wit and loyalty，to expose the insatiable greed and brutality hesitate between fact and fiction，language and action，too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger

To be，or not to befully reveal the inner conflict of the characters

Francis Baconstudies serve for delight，for ornament，and for ability.Studies perfect nature，and are perfected by experience.Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studiesto weigh and consider.How studies exert influence over human characterbreak away from love poetry，a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes，and a free range of feelings and moodsConceits，syllogism 三段论

the busy sun is always ready to interfere with other things and everywhere

whatever you are，you can not escape from death.When you are living，you are always in the shadow of death.Death only lasts a moment，our life after death is eternal.The more pleasure the death gives people，not only the pleasure of the rest the sleep，because ‘whom the gods love die young’。Though death is usually considered powerful，it actually provides a rest for a man‘s body and a birth for his soul.John Milton

the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty.In heaven，Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will.the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.Neoclassicisma progressive intellectual movement，reason（rationality），equality science

Gothic novelthe first writer study of the lower-class people，praise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude 清教徒坚韧

Jonathan SwiftLilliput，Brobdingnag，Flying Island Houyhnhnm

Henry Fieldingfirst combine an English dictionary，last neoclassicist enlightener

Richard Brinsley Sheridanemotion over reason，spontaneous emotion，a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit，poetry should be free from all rules，imagination，nature，commonplace

The romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge‘s

William Blake-engraver雕刻家

from a happy and innocence world from children‘s eye

from a world of misery，poverty，disease，war and repression with a melancholy 忧郁的tone from men eyes Childhood，paradoxes，a pairing of opposites

William WordsworthWilliam Wordsworth，Samuel Taylor Coleridge Robert SoutheyHe defines the poet as a ‘man speaking to men’，and poetry as ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings，which originates in ’emotion recollected in tranquillity‘。

the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights.In the poem on the beauty of nature，the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils 水仙 and poet‘s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.the sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London，silent，bright，glittering，smokeless mildly.It is so touching a sight that the poet expressed his religion piety 虔诚for nature.thanks to poet‘s rich imagination，the mass of associations，this commonplace happening becomes a striking event，the poet succeeds in making the reader’s share his emotion.The poem also shows the poet‘s passionate love of nature.Samuel Taylor Coleridgethe demonic（supernatural）the conversational

The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces，，the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience 短暂of human passion，‘Heard melodies are sweet，but those unheard are sweeter’，‘Beauty is truth，truth beauty’

Jane Austen

The Victorian Period

Darwin‘s and shook the traditional faith，everything is created by GodUtilitarianism 功利主义 was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people

Charles DickensCharlotte，Emily AnneEmily，a rather reserved and simple girl，was very much a child of nature.Alfred Tennysonthe most original poet，who improve and mature the dramatic monologue

his masterpiece

this dramatic monologue is the duke‘s speech addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage，the duke is a self-conceited，cruel and tyrannical man

George Eliot：As a woman of exceptional 特有的intelligence and life experience，she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women

a sharp contrast is set between the cold，lifeless，dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigor

Thomas Hardyfather of the American short stories，the American Goldsmith

Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced

First novel

contains German folk tales，Ralph Waldo Emersonme，my nation（society），Free verse，Envelope structure，Catalogue（Listing）

A new ideal，a new world，a new life-style

how a child is greatly influenced by his growing environments

a scene of the American Civil War，all the movements described in this picture are frozen.Whitman is a man bubbling with energy and laden with ideas，spontaneous expression of his original ideas

Herman Melvillethe Gilded Age，the poor poorer and the rich richer，people‘s attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence

Local colorism，social Darwinism，bestiality，beyond man‘s control

Mark Twaininternational theme，psychological realistStream of consciousness，interior monologue，free association

the narrator is an American expatriate，named Winterbourne.Daisy is the most innocent girl.The clash is between two different cultures.Emily Dickinson

Based on her own experiences，her sorrows and joys

express Dickinson‘s anxiety about her communication with the outside world.description of a moment of death

Dickinson makes the train part of nature by animalizing it，like a horse.personify death and immortality so as to make her message strongly felt

Theodore Dreiser，’who shall cast the first stone？‘

The modern perioda leading spokesman of the ‘Imagist Movement’

Pound attempts to produce the emotion he felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light.To capture the emotions，Pound uses the image of petals on wet，black boughs.agreement with Whitman‘s free verse

Robert Lee Frostfounder of the American drama，won the Pulitzer Prize four times

F.Scott Fitzgeraldawarded the Nobel Prize

Iceberg style，Code hero，the lost generation，grace under pressure

from birth and death coexist

William Faulkner-awarded a Nobel Prize

South，imprisonment in the past

Stream of consciousness，multiple points of view

Yoknapatawpha Country

Emily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and the

old way of life.Thus her death is like the falling of a monument.

第三篇：英美文学

A summery of first two lessons

From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:

The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.

第四篇：英美文学

severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils

of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love

Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists

Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)

One of the “University wits”

The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare

His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)

Doctor Faustus(1604)

Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:

----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);

---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)

---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)

Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus

Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;

Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for

power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:

The fall of Adam and Eve

William Shakespeare

He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)

---Comedies in the four periods

---Tragedies in the four periods

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:

---Othello: a capable general in Venice

---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl

---Iago: one of the officers under Othello

Reasons for the tragedy:

jealousy

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:

---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch

---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband

---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth

Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:

---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters

---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him

---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most

Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment

Hamlet

Leading characters:

Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark

King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost

Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King

Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark. Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier

Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son

Hamlet

Act 1:

Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of

horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:

To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:

The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:

The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:

With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.

第五篇：英美文学。

一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America

1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith

《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》

“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”

《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》

“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”

《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”

2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop

《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”

3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop

《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”

4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams

《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”

或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》

Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”

5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet

《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》

”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America

二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution

1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin

※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”

《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”

2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine

※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”

《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”

《常识》“Common Sense”

《人权》“Rights of Man”

《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”

《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”

3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson

※《独立宣言》

4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau

※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”

※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”

※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”

《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”

《夜屋》“The House of Night”

《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”

《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》

“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”

《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”