2009年12月大学英语四级模拟试题(8)专题

第一篇：2009年12月大学英语四级模拟试题(8)专题

2009年12月大学英语四级模拟试题(8)

Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: AidEducation in China.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given in Chinese below:

1.每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。2.支教活动的意义。

3.我的看法。

提示:在实考试卷中，该试题在答题卡1上。

Aid--Education in China

Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,mark

Y(for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N(for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?

Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea.Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral sea(咸海)in Central Asia, it’s all too real.Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland.As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding(使搁浅)ships on dry land.The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large--scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups.But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix.Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H.Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California.He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one--third of the world’s projected(预测的)8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.WHERE WATER GOES

Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass.Two--thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers(冰山)and ice caps（冰盖）.In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth.Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the

Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live.In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖).And people use half of this amount already.“If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic(水的)environment.”

第二篇：大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案

大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案

Test 1 1.The soldier_______________________________(被指控逃跑)when the enemy attacked.2.Had he worked harder, ____________________________________(他就会通过考试).3.In the U.S., 88% of smokers had started before they were 18, _____________________ ______________________(尽管他们知道贩卖香烟是违法的)to anyone under that age.4.Ann never dreams of _________________________________(有机会把她送出国)very soon.5._______________________________(考虑到所有的情况), the planned trip will have to be called off.Test 2 1.Americans eat _____________________________(两倍的蛋白质)they actually need every day.2.What he said just now ___________________________________(与正在讨论的问题没什么关系).3.Floods cause ___________________________________(上亿美元的财产损失)annually.4.Many personnel manager say it is getting harder and harder to________________________ ______________________________（区分诚实的和不诚实的求职者）.5.We agreed to accept _______________________________________(任何一个他们认为是最好的导游).Test 3 1._______________________________(直到天黑她才发现)it was too late to go home.2.It is essential that _________________________________(这些申请表被送回)as early as possible.3.It is important that the hotel receptionist ______________________________________ _______________(确信客人们已经正确的登记).4.In recent years ________________________________________________________(工作重点大多被放置在)developing the students’ productive skills.5.The president promised to keep all the board members informed of _________________ _________________________(协商进行得怎样了).Test 4 1.Eating too much fat can __________________________________(导致心脏病和高血压).2.Not until the game had begun ___________________________________(他到达运动场).3.Sometimes children have trouble ___________________________________(把现实和小说故事分开)and may believe that such things actually exist.1 4.The mother didn’t know ___________________________________(谁应该因打破玻璃而受责备).5.The leader of the expedition___________________________________(鼓励每个人都以他为榜样).Test 5 1.Reading between the lines, I would say that the Government ______________________ _________________________(与其说允许不如说有更多的担心).2.Their products are frequently _________________________________(价格高质量次).3.To our relief, Geoffrey's illness proved _________________________________(没有我们担心的那样严重).4.____________________________________________(她把所有的精力都放在孩子们身上)and she seems to have little time for anything else.5.The careless man received a ticket for speeding.He ____________________________(不必开车开得那么快).Test 6 1.If I had worked harder at school, I ______________________________________(可能正坐在舒适的办公室里).2.The shop assistant was dismissed as _____________________________________(她被指控欺骗顾客).3.The police are trying to ________________________________________(查明那位女士的身份)killed in the traffic accident.4.Owing to ___________________________________________(航空公司之间的激烈竞争), travel expenses have been reduced considerably.5.Color and sex are not relevant _________________________________________(一个人是否适合这份工作).Test 7 1.But for the storm, the ship _________________________________________(可能会准时到达目的地).2.We can accept your order on condition that __________________________________(提前支付).3.In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, _____________________________ _______________________________(其中只有14种被认定是官方语言).4.It is too early to say whether IBM’s competitors will be able to _______________________ ___________________________(他们的产品适应于新的软件)at an affordable cost.5.When I go out in the evening ___________________________________(我宁愿骑自行车而不开车)if I can.Test 8 1.In order to ____________________________________(为人们提供便利), the department is planning to set up some mobile shops in the residential area.2.A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms ___________________________ _____________(可能较少染上吸烟的习惯).3.His business was very successful, but it was ______________________________________ _____________(以牺牲他的家庭生活为代价的).4.Only__________________________________________(那些能够承担经济损失的人)should make high-risk investments.5.It is obvious that this new rule __________________________________________(绝无例外的适应于任何人).Test 9 Companies _________________________________________________(正致力于寻求供求平衡), but it is no easy task.John cannot afford to go to university, __________________________(更不用说是出国).Dr.Smith __________________________________________(总是关心贫穷的和患病的人们), often providing them with free medical care.After working all day, he _____________________________________(太累而没有心情)go to the party with us.An important factor______________________________________(决定你考试的表现)is the state of your mind.Test 10 1._________________________________(通过体育锻炼), we can always stay healthy.2.We wish to convey to you _______________________________(我们衷心的祝贺).3.In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to ___________________________（像我一样享受乘坐公车的乐趣）.4.________________________________（我们确定搞两个开放）：namely, to open up both externally and internally.5.A dog has won a German government award ________________（因协助警方劝阻一名妇女自杀）.Test 11 1.2.3.4.（这个计划成功的关键）________________________________is good planning.I suggested he _____________________________（使自己适应）his new conditions.I don’t mind you_______________(延期做出决定)the decision as long as it is not too late.Because of advances in the medical technology, heart surgery is not ______________________________(像以前那么危险).5.____________________(你说的我大部分同意),but I can not go all the way with you.Test 12 1.It is recommended that ____________________(工程不动工)until all preparations have been made.2.According to the scientific research , _____________(听音乐能使我们放松).Is this really true? 3.__________________(无论从哪一方面考虑)，they ought to be given another chance.4.By practicing these, I have been able to _______________________________(在智育方面我一直能不断进步）.5.______________________（不用说）that he’s been there before.Test 13 1.2.3.4.5.They knew her very well.___________________________(他们看着她长大).______________________(而不是让蔬菜烂掉),he sold them at half price._______________________(我们绝对不能)ignore the value of knowledge.________________________(随着时间的流逝),.they forgot their bitter sufferings.According to a recent survey, four million people ____________________（死于与吸烟有关的疾病）each year.Test 14 1.__________________（真想不到）that he had done a thing like that.2._________________（这栋房子需要现代化）：it has no bathroom or electricity.3.The ship ' s generator broke down and the pumps____________________（不得不用手工操作）instead of mechanically.4.If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________（他们也不会同意）.5.But for his help, I___________________(不可能这么早完成).Test 15 1.Only one week later, Mr.Smith came to realize ___________________________(不是我就是他错了).2.If tap water was as dangerous as some people think, ____________________________(那我们中更多人将得病).3.______________________(这个陌生人占这位年轻姑娘的便宜)and cheated her out of five dollars.4.As is known to all, _________________(假冒伪劣商品)harm the interests of consumers.5.We must _______________(使自己适应)the demands of our times;otherwise we'll fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.Test 16 1.2.3.4.________________________（没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评）than Internet.Premier Zhou ____________________________（一心想着人民的利益）.__________________________（飞机什么时候起飞）has not been announced.The price of beer______________________(从50美分到4美元不等)per liter during the summer season..5.His remarks left me ____________________________（想知道他的真实目的）.Test 17 1.2.3.4.5.She never dreams of ___________________(被派到国外).When the World War Two was over, Britain __________________(释放了大部分的战俘)._______________________(考虑到所有问题),the planned trip will have to be called off.______________________(事实既然如此),there are no grounds to justify your complaints.Faced with failure, some people can stand up to it, _____________(从失败中汲取教训)and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.Test 18 1.The number of the students in the city has ___________________(增加了五倍)in comparison with 2001.2.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize ______________（教育不能随着毕业而结束）.3.___________________（她非常不情愿地）that she agreed to help.4.His idea is _______________________（应该立即执行计划）

5.I prefer to communicate with my customers ________________________（通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）

Test 19 1.If you had_____________________（听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦）2.This leaflet tells you _______________________(怎么在旅行期间防止生病).3.When I refused to move my car, he ______________________(勃然大怒)and threatened to call the police.4.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds on which ______________________(来 支撑他的观点).5.We ______________________(已投入所有的时间和精力)in this plan, and we don’t want it to fail.Test 20 1.2.3.4.Everyone has his inherent ability ,________________(只是很容易被习惯所掩盖).________________________(他们没有去游泳)，they went to play football that day.I replied to her that __________________________（我将会接受她的邀请）.______________________（随着工商业的发展）,the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced.5.After the terrorist attack, tourists __________________（被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.Test 21 1.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not________________（失去联系）the outside world.2.I have had great deal of trouble_________________________（跟得上班上的其他同学）.3.We should recognize that every company and every person is______________________(顾客和供应者漫长链条的一部分).4.My brother was very ill, so _______________________(我只得把医生请来)in the middle of the night.5.This book ________________________(条理不清),Some parts are even contradictory.Test 22 1.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I__________________(本来不必从银行借钱).2.The importance of traffic safety , ______________________(无论如何强调都不为过).3.There is no doubt that _________________________(需求的增长导致了价格的上涨).4.She was angry with her husband ,so _____________（她不理不睬）when he spoke to her..5.Travel can widen our knowledge, ________________（扩大我们的眼界）,and make one open-minded as well.Test 23 1.（他把自己奉献于社区工作）___________________ and is passionate about what he is doing.2.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,__________________（正在研制）and perfected now.3.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________（习惯了学生迟到）his lecture.4.I’d rather________________(你别发表任何意见)on the issue for the time being.5.Don’t you know it’s the first time _____________________(他参加这种会议).Test 24 1.Unlike photocopies of books, the digital copies are _____________________(几乎和原件质量一模一样).2.We are a competitive company looking for creative people willing to work __________(尽其所能).3.In my opinion , ____________________________(打电动玩具既浪费时间也有害健康).4.He cannot win a good reputation，_________________________(因为他多嘴多舌).5.How could we get news in our own society or abroad ______________（没有报纸的话）? Test 25 1.Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, _______________（这已经对环境造成了严重的污染）.2.Man should not exploit the natural resources _______________（以牺牲其他物种为代价）.3.How close parents are to their children______________________（有很强的影响）the character of the children.4.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives__________________（起着不可缺少的作用）in raising children.5.He always dreams of _________________(有个机会)for him to bring into full play his potential.Test 26 1.You should _______________(留心任何一点变化)in the patient while the doctor is away.2.The snow ______________________(已持续下了几个小时)and the ground is completely covered.3.I have no objection_______________________(再听听你的故事).4.There is no doubt that __________________________(近视是一个很严重的问题)among the youth of our country.5.We have reasons to believe that, _______________(一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们).Test 27 1.The latest census shows that China’s population ______________（已超过10亿）2.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long as we ________________（坚持认为）that economic development is the center of all our work.3.When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor ___________________________（把此归因于她对未来的信念）.4.The room is in a terrible mess;it _____________________（肯定没打扫过）

5.Mark often___________________（试图逃脱罚款）whenever he breaks traffic regulations.Test 28 1.2.3.4.5.We had to start at exactly the same time,___________________(所以我们必须核准手表)._________________________(他是否是工作的合适人选)is still a controversial issue.Fertilizer are used primary to enrich the soil and _______________________(提高产量).Sorry I didn’t realize ______________________(这是个如此敏感的问题).According to my personal experience , ___________________(微笑已带给我许多好处).Test 29 1.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society，______________(但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)can make use of them to achieve purpose.2.We have had ten recorders ,but we still need ________________（需要这么多）as again.3.He was convinced on the basis of _______________________（当时已出现的情况）that there would be a long and difficult struggle.4.At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard ______________________（不要让父母失望）.5.With tears on her face, the lady ____________________________（看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室）.Test 30 1.When I __________________（发现他骗我）I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.2.He has just arrived, but he talks____________________(似乎什么都知道了).3.In previous times, _____________________(当鲜肉供应不足时), pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.4.American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through ______________________(电视传输)from the United States.5.If this can’t be settled reasonably ,it may be necessary to _________________(诉诸武力).参考答案： Test 1

1.was accused of running away

2.he would have got through the exams 3.despite the fact that it is illegal to sell cigarettes 4.there being a chance for her to be sent abroad 5.All things considered

3.find out the identity of the woman 4.fierce competition among the airlines 5.whether a person is suitable for the job

Test 7

1.would have reached its destination on

time

2.payment is made in advance

3.of which only fourteen are recognized as

official

4.adapt their products to the new hardware 5.I use the bike rather than the car Test 2 1.twice as much protein as 2.had little to do with the question under discussion 3.billions of dollars worth of property damage 4.distinguish honest applicant and dishonest ones 5.whoever they thought was the best tourist guide

Test 8

1.make things convenient for the people 2.are less likely to pick up the habit of

smoking

3.at the expense of his family life

4.those who can afford to lose their money 5.is applicable to everyone without

exception Test 3 1.It was not until dark that she realized 2.these application forms be sent back 3.make sure that guests are registered correctly 4.much more emphasis has been put on 5.how the negotiations were going on

Test 9

1.are struggling to find the right balance

between supply and demand 2.not to speak of going abroad

3.was always concerned about the poor and

the sick

4.was so tired that he was in no mood to 5.in determining how well you perform in

an examination Test 4 1.contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure 2.did he arrive at the sports ground 3.separating fact from fiction 4.who to blame for the broken glass 5.inspired everyone to follow his example Test 5 1.are more worried than they will admit 2.overpriced and inferior in quality 3.not to be as serious as we had feared 4.All her energies are focused upon her children 5.shouldn’t have driven so fast

Test 10

1.2.3.4.By taking exercises

our hearty congratulations enjoy the bus ride like me

We have decided on an open policy in two respects

5.for helping police persuade a woman not

to commit suicide Test 6 1.would be sitting in a comfortable office now 2.she was accused of cheating customers

Test 11

1.The key to the success of this project 2.should adapt himself to 3.delaying making 4.not as dangerous as it formerly was 5.Much of what you say I agree with

5.wondering about his real purpose

Test 17

1.2.3.4.5.being sent abroad

sets free most of war prisoners All things considered Such being the case draw useful lessons from it Test 12 1.the project not be started

2.listening to music enables us to feel relaxed 3.Taking everything into consideration 4.make constant progress in intellectual education 5.It’s needless to say

Test 18

1.increased 6 times

2.that education is not complete with

graduation

3.It was very reluctantly

4.that the plan should be carried out

immediately

5.via E-mail instead of telephone Test 13 1.They had seen her grow up from childhood

2.Rather than allow the vegetable to go bad

3.On no account can we 4.With the passage of time 5.die of diseases linked to smoking

Test 19

1.followed my advice, you would not be in

trouble now.2.how to avoid getting ill while traveling 3.flew into a rage 4.to base his arguments

5.have invested all our time and effort Test 14 1.2.3.4.5.It was unexpected When the plane is to take off had to be operated manually neither will they would not have finished so early

Test 20

1.2.3.4.which is easily concealed by habits Instead of going swimming I would accept her invitation

With industries and business developing quickly

5.were advised not to travel to that country

at the moment Test 15 1.realize either I or he was wrong

2.a lot more of us would be getting sick 3.The stranger took advantage of the young girl

4.fake and inferior commodities 5.adapt ourselves to

Test 21

1.lose contact with

2.keeping up with the rest of the class.3.part of a long chain of customers and

suppliers

4.I had to call the doctor

5.does not have an integrated structure Test 16 1.No invention has received more praise and abuse 2.has always had the interests of the people at heart 3.When the plane is to take off 4.ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4

Test 22 1.needn’t have borrowed it from the bank 2.can't be overemphasized / can't be emphasized too much 3.the increase in demand resulted in /caused the rise in prices 4.she ignored him 5.broaden our horizon

the idea

3.attributed it to her firm belief in the

future

4.can't have been cleaned

5.attempts to escape being fined

Test 28

1.so we had our watches checked

2.Whether he is the right person for the

job

3.to increase yield

4.it was such a sensitive issue 5.smile has done me a lot of good Test 23 1.2.3.4.5.he devoted himself to the community are being developed to students’ being late for

you didn’t make any comment

he has attended this kind of meeting

Test 29

1.but only those who are prepared

adequately and qualified highly 2.as many

3.what had appeared by then 4.and not to let their parents down

5.watched her injured son sent into the

operation room.Test 24 1.are virtually identical in quality to the original

2.to the best of their ability

3.playing video games not only takes much time but also does harm to health 4.because he has a loose tongue 5.without newspaper

Test 30

1.caught /found him cheating me 2.as if he knows about that

3.when fresh meat was in short supply 4.through televised transmissions 5.resort to force Test 25 1.which has seriously polluted the environment 2.at the cost of sacrificing/loss of other species_ 3.has a strong influence on/effect on 4.play indispensable roles 5.there being a chance

Test 26 1.2.3.4.5.keep an eye on the slightest changes has been steadily falling for hours to hearing your story again near-sightedness is a serious problem we would have a better and brighter future Test 27 1.has exceeded one billion 2.hold an idea/ insist on the idea/ stick to

第三篇：大学英语四级模拟作文和历年作文试题及

大学英语四级模拟作文和历年作文试题及范文

Writing Test 1:

Should Private Cars Be Encouraged in China?

1、在中国，私人汽车拥有量在增加

2、有些人赞成拥有私人汽车，有些人反对拥有私人汽车

3、你的观点 Model: Should Private Cars Be Encouraged in China? As China has greatly developed both in industry and in economy, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise.And there are two different views on this phenomenon.Some people argue that private cars can bring convenience and mobility to the owners.If more people buy cars, automobile industry will develop dramatically.What's more, the growth of automobile industry can trigger the boom of other important industries such as iron and steel, energy and technological application.In short, they are in favor of developing private cars.However, others hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption.Besides, there are 1.2 billion people in China.If every family owns a car, there would be too many cars running on this land, which will certainly lead to traffic congestion and pose threat to the existence of people.Therefore, they are against developing private cars in China.Writing Test 2: A Letter of Complaint

1、事情的起因

2、与书店交涉的过程

3、呼吁服务行业提高服务质量 Model:

A Letter of Complaint Dear Editor, I'm a college student.I'm writing to complain about the poor service I received from Bright Bookstore.Last Sunday I bought an English-Chinese Dictionary from the bookstore.But when I used it in the following days, I found it's really poor in quality with many printing errors and even several missing pages.It doesn't deserve the money.I decided to return it to the bookstore and ask for a refund.However, to my unpleasant surprise, the service manager was ill-mannered and retorted me impatiently, “Why didn't you check it carefully before you decided to buy it?”...“How could I know you hadn't used it?” I protested.“Then you're the one to blame.You can only change it for another copy,” he suggested coldly.“But in view of its poor quality, I don't want it any more,” I argued.“No way,” he shrugged and turned to attend to other clients.Annoyed and depressed, I decided to resort to you for help.I think first it's irresponsible of the bookstore to sell poor books;second, it should treat its clients

with good manners and provide satisfactory solutions.This is not a rare phenomenon in the service industry.Are they serving people or being served?

Sincerely yours，Lin Qiang

Writing Test 3 A Letter of Congratulations

1、表示祝贺

2、相信并鼓励他在未来的工作中能做得更好

3、送上祝福 Model:

A Letter of Congratulations

Dear Jack, I am much delighted to hear you have just graduated from Beijing University with honors and entered the 3M Corporation.This is a special moment for you and all the friends and relatives, and I want to share the happiness.After years of hard and creative work and study, you finally get a good harvest.I'm sure you will always be proud of those academic years.I believe your graduation will be a new beginning, a change for you to embrace a new and broader future.Knowledge and skills acquired in college will not only help you understand what's happening around you, but also help you make right decisions.I wish you good luck in the pursuit of a brilliant career.Sincerely yours，Li Ming

Writing Test 4 Petroleum Crisis

1、我国石油需求量很大，石油供给形式严峻

2、出现这种情况有多种原因

3、说明你的看法 Model:

Petroleum Crisis In recent years petroleum consumption has got a rapid increase in China.What amazed us most is that our crude oil produced is far from enough to meet the market demands.It is true that we must find more petroleum for our domestic market demands.There are many reasons that may explain the short supply of petroleum.The main reason is that the demands for petroleum continuously increase in China.Second, our crude oil resources are not rich enough to meet our own needs.Third, a large number of private cars are entering Chinese families.As a result, we have to import crude oil from foreign countries such as Russia.Considering all these, we must find more energy for our economic development.For one thing, we may enlarge our oil imports.For another, we can create other energy substitutes.In conclusion, every Chinese should keep an eye on the petroleum

problem.Writing Test 5 Lectures and Discussions

1、一些学生赞成讲座式教学

2、另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学

3、你的看法 Model:

Lectures and Discussions There is a heated debate over the role of lectures and discussions in the classroom.Some people believe that lectures can help students learn more quickly.In contrast, others hold that discussions can stimulate students to learn by themselves.Those who hold the first opinion suggest that students attend more lectures.In their view, by giving lectures teachers help students master the knowledge they've accumulated over years of study and research.However, others think that in a discussion, the teacher usually guides the students instead of dominating them.They argue that to get involved in a discussion, students have to develop their ability to analyse problems independently.In my opinion, I stand on the side of neither idea.First of all, either method has its disadvantages.Furthermore, each student has his or her preference.Thirdly, lectures are preferable to discussions in the teaching of science subjects, and on the contrary, discussions are preferable to lectures in studying the humanities.Therefore, we should adopt different teaching methods according to different subjects.Writing Test 6 Internet--Two-Edged Sword

1、上网给人们带来的益处

2、上网给人们带来的负面影响

3、你的看法 Model:

Internet--Two-Edged Sword Internet is playing an increasingly important role in people's life.As a newborn information delivering system, Internet has made various information available at our finger's tip.For example, by surfing the net, researchers can get a global look at the latest developments in their professional fields.Besides, Internet serves as the most convenient means of communication.Through Internet, people can discuss various problems and those who share common views can make friends.Internet is also a faithful aid in our daily life since people can go shopping and get medical service online.So Internet is indeed one of the most interesting and important inventions man has ever made.But just as a coin has tow sides.Internet has its own drawbacks which should not be neglected.First, it costs a large amount of money to construct the system.Second, it is sometimes difficult for people to find the right information they are looking for since there is too much information on the net.Finally, it is also difficult to protect the net from the invasion of criminals.But we should not give up eating for fear of choking.I think we should further develop the net and exert supervision over it so that it can benefit both the country and the people.Writing Test 7 Job Problem for Graduates

1、大学毕业生在择业方面有什么变化

2、导致这种变化的原因是什么

3、就如何解决这个问题给出你的建议 Model:

Job Problem for Graduates Nowadays, only 58% of college graduates could find a job in their specialty.Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get a rewarding job? One reason perhaps is that many colleges and universities fail to adapt their courses to the development of society.Degree courses offered in some institutions of higher learning are so outdated, irrelevant and impractical that the students themselves find it hard to transform their book knowledge into real job skills.Second, there is an oversupply of graduated in certain fields.As a result, many graduates can not enter the professions for which they are trained and have to take other jobs available.College graduates are valuable resources of our country.The problem they encounter in job hunting deserves more attention.Colleges should get students out of the ivory tower and adapt their courses to meet the needs of on-going development of economy.Writing Test 8 Social Practice

1、社会实践的作用

2、可能产生的问题

3、提出建议 Model:

Social Practice Social practice has been more and more popular in universities and colleges.Students are asked to enter society and get some idea of it.Surely social practice has many advantages.Firstly, social practice can offer students a chance to contact society and meet different kinds of people.In this way students can gain some valuable social experience, which will be useful to their future career.Secondly, students can apply what they have learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly.Thirdly, social practice can bring them some financial reward and make them more independent of their family.However, some problems may arise if no correct guidance is made.For example, some students get overly interested in social practice and want to work full-time and earn money, thus neglecting their studies.And some students are likely to get in tough with the dark side of society, which will affect their future studies.In order to carry out social practice smoothly, students should first know its

objective.They should put their studies in the first place and see social practice just as a useful supplement, so they ought to try to strike a balance between social practice and their studies.06年12月24日英语四级作文

2005年12月大学英语四级作文题目及范文

1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点

2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同

3．我认为……

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? Model 1:

One can always find visitors taking pictures and enjoying the scenery in university campus.During the May Day Holiday, National Day Holiday, summer and winter

vacations, many University campuses become popular tourist sites.In my opinion, university campus should be open to tourists.In fact, there are many royal gardens and parks, all of them obviously better than the scenery in the Universities.Why do you think people prefer visiting here with

their children? That is because it is a dream goal for many Chinese parents and

young ambitious students.Besides this, as more tourists come to visit universities, these universities can widen their influence as well and they can also make some

profit from the tourism.In a word, I think the university campus should be open to the tourists

Model 2:

In university campus, especially in some famous ones, such as Peking University and Qinghua University, tourists are always seen looking around everywhere.Although most of them visit with hope and respect, I think university campus should not be open to tourists.First, tourists' visit will disturb the normal teaching.They always get into

teaching buildings, libraries and so on.They will make noise and throw rubbish

everywhere.Second, some tourists trample grass to take photos, and sculpture on

trees to leave words.These will affect the environment of the campus badly.The university is a holy place for study, not for tourism.So it should not be open.Model 3:

In modern era, there are quantities of people having started to suggest that our

famous campus should be opened to our tourists from different places while others

suggest not.This problem has caused a heated discussion in our society.People's attitude towards this phenomenon varies widely.Many people maintain that our campus has its regular arrangement for students’ daily study and life.There-fore, we shouldn’t disturb them to some extent.So they think that our campus can’t be opened to all.However, as every sword has two edges, others argue that opening campus to tourists is feasible.Every famed college has a long history with which

every foreigner acquaint themselves.All in all, my personal view is that, as the latter above, our campus should be

opened widely.This will make more people know our culture and history.Therefore, if we start to manage it properly, our college will be led to a more harmonic and

splendid environment in the near future.2007年6月23日英语四级作文范文

题目： 学生加入社团的欢迎辞

1.活动主要内容 2.加入好处 3.如何加入

Model:

Welcome to English Club!It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills.You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions and watching Oscar-winning movies.These extra-curricular activities could offer you ample opportunities.First, your active participation is help-ful to strengthening the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations.Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English.A good command of English empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers.You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via bonoo@diandian.net.The deadline for entries is Sept.25th.Come on, join us now!

2007年12月英语四级作文范文

1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课

2、学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课

3、以你自己为例…… Model 1:

Nowadays, there usually exists a wide selection of electives for college students to choose from.However, students have quite different plans for their future so

they always end up learning courses based on their own ideas.Some students may choose to learn a certain course in order to obtain an extra certificate for their job hunting after graduation.Because they assume that some

more knowledge could ensure more chances of winning in finding a good job.Others may have their choice made just for fun.They tend to hold the idea that college life could be more colorful if they could widen their knowledge through elective courses.As far as I’m concerned, I’m inclined to choose electives based on both the value of the courses and the interest of my own.Model 2:

Nowadays many college students prefer to have electives in their spare time

because the courses can offer a variety of skills and abundant knowledge apart from what they learn in the daily courses.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.To start with, many students want to get another degree besides their own, so that they can have more competence when they seek a job.Furthermore, as for me, I

don’t care about degree or job, I just want to obtain some necessary skills to make my college life worthwhile.What I’m concerned most is how to own more skills that may be necessary for my future.Finally, some students want to learn anything that is different from what they are learning now.The science students, for example, want to know about Shakespeare while the art students want to tell how a vehicle works and how to deal with it when it breaks down.So, they can all get what they think is useful to their college life.On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of multi-demand of the

employment market.There is still a long way for us to improve the elective itself, but as a student myself, I find it rewarding and interesting

2008年6月21日英语四级作文真题及范文

1.娱乐活动多种多样

2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性

3.作为大学生，我的看法。

Recreational activity In people's daily life, there are various apart from studying or working ranging from Karaoke or dancing to computer games or sports games.Such activities are beneficial as well as harmlul to us if undertaken inappropriate-ly.On one hand, can help us to not only build our body and mind but also improve our communication and understanding with friends because most of these activities are done with others.On the other hand, if we spend too much time on singing, dancing or other games, we might fail to concentrate on our duties such as studying our

working, which in turn may lead to further consequences.As far as I'm concerned, should be donewithin a certain limit so that wc can

keep a proper balance between education recreation and studying or working life.Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags

1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用

2.造成的问题

3.限制使用的意义 Model:

Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China.When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience.For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment.Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time.This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more.In some shopping places, in order

to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price.As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life.It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.2006年6月大学英语四级作文题目及范文

Volunteers Needed 1.校学生会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。2.本次志愿者活动的目的，内容、安排等。3.报名条件及联系方式。Model 1: We’re writing this letter to recruit volunteers on summer vocation.And we do

hope more students are willing to join us and enjoy this activity joyfully during the following month.It is necessary for us to show our plans and arrangements to you.Our plan is to set off next weekend, when the summer vacation officially begins.And, our purpose is to service the Olympic Games.The first stop is Nanjing, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature.We’ll get there by train and stay there for 2

days, and then we’ll head for Shanghai.After a 3-day stay there, we will give the

coaches there a handso that the game can be held smoothly.As everybody knows, Shanghai is the busiest city in this game, where we will undertake a lot of work, so they will stay there about half a week.All together, our trip will last about three weeks.Those interested please contact me either through email(xxx@126.com)or phone call(12345678).We are waiting for you sincerely.Model 2: Fellow Students, The hard and hectic(busy and bustling)semester is drawing to close.The Students’ Union is scheduled to organize a clean-up program to the Zhongshan Lake.The

purpose of this program is to enhance the environment awareness of general public.We are now recruiting new members of volunteers for the event.The program procedure goes like this: next Saturday morning at 9:00 volunteers of 50 will go to the Zhongshan lake.Around the lake we will put up signs

and posters

calling people’s attention to the importance of in environment prottection and pick up the trash by some tourists.This will certainly attract a lot of people since it is a weekend and the park is particularly popular with tourists.Each day there is an

estimated number of 2000 people visiting the place, sight-seeing and picnic-going.This must be both exiting and rewarding.We welcome any students who like to take the time and trouble to do something for environment conservation.Interested students can register yourselves with us now.(or sign up your names at our office.)Our number is 88807777.The Students Union

2006年6月18日四级考试作文题目：

Teacher's Day 1,向老师表达节日祝贺

2,从一件小事来回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献 3,我如何回报老师的关爱 Model:

In Honour of Teachers on the Occasion of Teacher's Day September 10th is a special occasion, on which we students can express our sincere gratitude to our respectable teachers.In my memory, Mr.Jiang, my Chemistry teacher in high school, impressed me most in my past school years.At that time, I did rather poorly in Chemistry, which made me very upset.Mr.Jiang, a considerate and patient teacher, did not have any bias against me, who lagged far behind the others.Instead, he encouraged me and worked out an individualized plan for me.Highly motivated by this, I got interested in this subject, found the correct methods and managed to catch up with others.I will never forget those who have dedicated all their efforts to help me grow intellectually.Working even harder and making my due contributions, I think, will be most rewarding to my teachers.(138 words)

2004年1月大学英语四级作文题及范文

1．建议报考的专业及理由

2．报考该专业的基本条件

3．应当如何备考

A Letter in Reply to a Friend

Dear Li Hua，When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English.To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on.What’s more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements.In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”.In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study.Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.”

As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary.In addition, you’d better spend some time on reading and writing.Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.Yours，Da Ming

2004年6月19日大学英语四级作文题目

A brief introduction to a tourist attraction

Model A brief introduction to a tourist attraction Welcome everyone.I am glad that you can come to pingyao county, where there is the oldest confucius temple.It was opened to the public monday after a one-year renovation project.I hope you can appreciate the spot indeed.First, I will show the main building of the temple, it’s the most interesting spot here.Second, we can walk around to see the other area of the spot.Finally, I will tell the history of the temple.The main building of the temple was built in 1163, in the yuan dynasty , and has a history of more than 840 years.Compared with other famous confucius temples nationwide, it was built 248 years earlier than that in beijing, and 317 years earlier than that in Qufu city, confucius’s home in east China’s shandong province.the temple in Qufu was added to the list of the world cultural heritages in 1995.the Pingyao Confucius Temple has China’s largest statue collection of confucius and famous ancient confucian scholars.covering a total area of 40,000 square meters, the temple has 112 buildings in 16 categories.that is the history of the temple.Please visit as you like.If you have any questions,you can ask me.That’s all.

第四篇：2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案

2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案

As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded ―Is there a doctor on board?‖ announcement.I’ve been __1__ only once—for a woman who had merely fainted.But the __2__ made me quite curious about how __3__ this kind of thing happens.I wondered what I would do if __4__ with a real midair medical emergency-without access __5__ a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment.So __6__ the New England Journal of Medicine last week __7__ a study about in-flight medical events,I read it __8__ interest.The study estimated that there are a(n)__9__ of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S.flights every day.Most of them are not __10__;fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints.__11__ 13% of them –roughly four a day—are serious enough to __12__ a pilot to change course.The most common of the serious emergencies __13__ heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing.Let’s face it: plane rides are __14__.For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly __15__ they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level.Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty __86__, but passengers with heart disease __17__ experience chest pains as result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood.__18__ common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis—the so-called economy class syndrome(综合症).__19__ happens, don’t panic.Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front.Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at __20__ one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.1.A)calledB)addressedC)informedD)surveyed

2.A)AccidentB)conditionC)incidentD)disaster

3.A)soonB)longC)manyD)often

4.A)confrontedB)treatedC)identifiedD)provided

5.A)forB)toC)byD)through

6.A)beforeB)sinceC)whenD)while

7.A)collectedB)conductedC)discoveredD)published

8.A)byB)ofC)withD)in

9.A)amountB)averageC)sumD)number

10.A)significantB)heavyC)commonD)serious

11.A)ForB)OnC)ButD)So

12.A)requireB)inspireC)engageD)command

13.A)includeB)confineC)implyD)contain

14.A)enjoyableB)stimulatingC)tediousD)stressful

15.A)whoB)whatC)whichD)that

16.A)harshlyB)reluctantlyC)easilyD)casually

17.A)ought to B)may C)used to D)need 18.A)Any B)One C)Other D)Another 19.A)Whatever B)Whichever C)Whenever D)Wherever 20.A)most B)worst C)least D)best 翻译作业: 1.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ________________(不采取任何措施)about it for the time being.2.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的作用)in raising children.3.John seems a nice person, ___________________(即使这样), I don’t trust him.4.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________(正在研制)and perfected now.5.What a lovely party!It’s worth_________________(牢记一生).1.A 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B

6.C 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.D

11.C 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A

16.C 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.C

1,语境题.本题的解答有赖于对上下文的理解.文章开头的第一句是主题句,意思是作为一个到过很多地方的医生,我在飞机上花费了很多时间,听到了那样的可怕的事情 “飞机上有医生吗?”.而第二句是讲自己曾经经历过一次这样的事情.作者作为医生,是被叫到去救人的.所以考察四个选项,call是做合适的.2,语境题.分析上下文可知,该题所填入的词是指上一句中我经历的那件事,考察四个选项,可知应该选accident,其意思为事故,意外的事情.本题有可能误选condition,这是由于受到中文表达的影响,只要分析上下文的语态,就可以排除condition.3,语境题.本题首先应该明确四个选项词汇各表示什么.how soon指在多长时间之后,how long指多长的时段,how many值数量的多少,how often指事情发生的频率.在分析本句话how __3__ this kind of thing happens.由this kind of thing可以首先排除how many,再根据中文表达习惯,可以确定应该选择how often,意思为这样的事情多长时间会发生一次.4,词汇搭配题.本题所填入的词汇须满足两个条件,首先可以和介词with搭配,其次符合上下文的意思.由此可以确定应该选择confront.confront with的意思为使面临, 使面对,本句意思为当遇到这样的半空中的医疗事故.5,词汇搭配题.本题考查access与介词构成短语的意思的辨析.由此可以确定正确答案为access to,意思为接近;通向…的入口.本句话的意思为在没有医护人员和通常的急救设备的情况下.6,语境题.对本题所在的句子完整分析后,前半句话在句中作状语,并且是做时间状语,所以应该选择when.注意在引导时间状语从句时when和while的区别.when，while都有―当……时候‖的意思.when既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间.在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生.while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间.在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在.另外,when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态,而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态.7,词汇搭配题.分析本句话,the New England Journal of Medicine last week __7__ a study about in flight medical events.其主语为the New England Journal of Medicine,宾语为a study,由此可以确定应该选择含有发布意思的publish.8,词汇搭配题.本题考查固定搭配with interest,其意思为有兴趣地,带利息,通过某种关系.9,语境题.本题的解答有赖于对本句话理解,注意到本句中的estimate和every day,并且考察四个选项后,可知应该选择average,即平均每天有三十个空中医疗事件发生.10,语境题.本题乍一看并不知道所填入的形容词到底是什么,但当看到下一句后就可以确定答案.fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints,其意思为昏厥和头昏是最经常发生的疾病.由此可知这些医疗时间都是不太严重的,由此可以确定第十题应该选serious.11,语境题.本题主要考察两个句子之间的逻辑关系,需要综合考虑上下文.上句中说他们中的大部分都不严重,下一句又说他们中的13%严重到要求飞行员改变航线.由此可以确定两句话之间是转折的关系,应该选择but.12,词汇搭配题.本题所填入的词汇需要满足连个条件,首先可以构成*(动词)sb.to do sth.,其次还要符合上下埃文的意思.由此首先可以排除B和C两个选项.require比command的语气要弱,require只是要求,而command含有命令的意思,对于如此紧急的时间,应该选用command.13,语境题.分析本句话The most common of the serious emergencies __13__ heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing.前面总述the serious emergencies,后面是分述几种疾病,由此可以确定应该选择include,其意思为含有,包括.14,语境题.本题乍一看并不知道所填入的形容词到底是什么,但当看到下一句后就可以确定答案.下文中讲如果你在高于海平面5000到8000英尺的地方机舱内的压力就会粗暴的袭击他们自己.由此可以判断出前面所填入的形容词是stressful,意思为有压力的,急迫的.15,语境题.本题考查定语从句的关系代词,分析可知从句的先行词为they,由此可知应该选择who.16,语境题.本题的解答需要考查下一句话.由下句话开头的but可知,前后两个分句的意思是相反的.后面将由心脏病的乘客会由于其血液中的含氧量的降低而发病,说明这些心脏病人很难忍受这种压力.由此可以推断出正常人可以很轻松的应对这种压力,由此可知正确答案为easily.17,词汇搭配题.分析可知,本句话中的主语passengers with heart disease __17__ experience chest pains.其中心语为passengers,其后为其定语,由experience并考察四个选项,确定应该选择used to,意思为过去习惯于…,过去经常….18,词汇搭配题.分析本句话__18__ common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis.注意到句中的problem和is,考察四个选项,首先可以排除any,由于前面没有one,所以可以排除other和another.所以正确答案为one.19,语境题.前面句子讲在飞行中的一个常见问题是所谓的经济舱综合症,再分析本句话__19__ happens, don’t panic....发生,都不要恐慌.句中的__19__ happens为让步状语.由于此处为特指经济舱综合症所以可以排除whatever,所以可以确定正确答案为whenever.20,语境题.分析本句话flights with at __20__ one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.注意到句中的one attendant,由此可以确定应该选择at least,表示至少.1,didn’t do anything 2,play indispensable roles 3,Even so 4,are being developed 5,remembering all my life

第五篇：英语四级试题

2011年英语四六级考试进入冲刺阶段，恒星英语学习网编辑整理了2011年6月英语四级考试全真预测试卷供大家参考，恒星英语祝大家取得好成绩！Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1.选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。

2.需要花时间去选择职业。

3.选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。

Choosing an Occupation

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【写作思路】

本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。短文需要说明慎重择业相当重要，并提出多种指导择业的方法。

【参考范文】

Choosing an Occupation

One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do.There are some people, of course, who from the time are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do.You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job.Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision.At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications.And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions

2011年英语四六级考试进入冲刺阶段，恒星英语学习网编辑整理了2011年6月英语四级考试全真预测试卷供大家参考，恒星英语学习网祝大家取得好成绩！Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and [D].For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?

Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea.Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real.Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland.As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land.The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups.But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix.Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H.Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California.He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one-third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water Goes

Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass.Twothirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth.Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live.In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior.And people use half of this amount already.“If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.”

Close to Home

Water woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States.But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater.Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock.(For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it.In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution.Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards.Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The Source

Where do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking;about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products.Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes.(Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)

But almost everyone contributes to water pollution.People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain;all of these contain hazardous chemicals.Scientists

studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well.Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogenrich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment.Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas.Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water.Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.What’s the Solution?

Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems;governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea.“More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick.“There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”

1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink?

[A]The rivers flowing into it have been diverted.[B]Farmers used its water to irrigate their farmland.[C]Government planners overpumped its water.[D]High temperature made its water badly evaporate.2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects.[A]does more good than harm

[B]solves more problems than what they created

[C]does more harm than good

[D]brings more water to people than expected

3.The chief causes of water shortage include.[A]population growth and water waste

[B]water pollution and dry weather

[C]water waste and pollution

[D]population growth and water pollution

4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages?

[A]living in rich areas

[B]living in big cities but poor condition

[C]depending on groundwater

[D]bearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind

5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries?

[A]Untreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers.[B]Raw sewage into rivers and streams.[C]Herbicides and pesticides used by farmers.[D]Household cleaners poured down the drain.6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water?

[A]By covering the whole surface of the water.[B]By competitively using oxygen life in water needs.[C]By living more rapidly than other life in water.[D]By releasing hazardous chemicals into water.7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems?

[A]government and housewives.[B]farmers and manufacturers.[C]ordinary people and manufacturers.[D]government and every person.8.According to Peter H.Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages.9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and[D], and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.[A]Wait for the sale to start.[B]Get further information about the sale.[C]Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true.[D]Buy a new suit.12.[A]He doesn’t think that John is ill.[B]He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.[C]He is aware that John is ill.[D]He doesn’t think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.13.[A]Before six.[B]At six.[C]After six.[D]After seven.14.[A]It is bigger.[B]It has a prettier color.[C]It has a larger yard.[D]It is brighter.15.[A]Australian and American.[B]Guest and host.[C]Husband and wife.[D]Professor and student.16.[A]1∶30.[B]11∶00.[C]9∶30.[D]10∶00.17.[A]He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late.[B]He prefers staying at home because he doesn’t like to travel.[C]He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.[D]He prefers traveling with the woman.18.[A]He thinks she should visit her cousin.[B]Her cousin doesn’t visit very often.[C]Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.[D]He doesn’t think her cousin has been at home today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.[A]Two different types of bones in the human body.[B]How bones help the body move.[C]How bones continuously repair themselves.[D]The chemical composition of human bones.20.[A]They defend the bone against viruses.[B]They prevent oxygen from entering the bone.[C]They break down bone tissue.[D]They connect the bone to muscle tissue.21.[A]They have difficulty identifying these cells.[B]They aren’t sure how these cells work.[C]They’ve learned how to reproduce these cells.[D]They’ve found similar cells in other species.22.[A]To learn how to prevent a bone disease.[B]To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.[C]To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.[D]To create artificial bone tissue.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.[A]A new fuel for buses.[B]The causes of air pollution.[C]A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.[D]Careers in environmental engineering.24.[A]Her car is being repaired.[B]She wants to help reduce pollution.[C]Parking is difficult in the city.[D]The cost of fuel has increased.25.[A]A fuel that burns cleanly.[B]An oil additive that helps cool engines.[C]A material from which filters are made.[D]An insulating material sprayed on engine parts.From: