第一篇：doing的用法总结
doing的用法总结
一、动名词的作用
1、作主语
谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构： It’s no good/use doing···如： Seeing is believing.Playing with fire is dangerous.It’s no good waiting here.2、作宾语
I enjoy listening to music.He often practices playing the piano in the evening.He is fond of playing basketball.He has given up smoking.Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?(1)只能接动名词作宾语的动词：
admit，advise建议，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示 can’t help 禁不住，can’t stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于···，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，object to反对，be busy忙于···，fee like想要··· be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be proud of 以……为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功
be afraid of害怕
give up 放弃(2)只能接不定式作宾语的动词：
happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定，determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。(3)接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，can’t bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止(4)下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等
Stop to do 停下来去做
stop doing 停止做 Forget to do 忘记要做
forget doing 忘记做过 Remember to do 记得要做
remember doing 记得做过 Regret to do 遗憾要做
regret doing 后悔做过 Try to do 企图做，尽力做
try doing 试着做
Go on to do 继续做（另一件事）
go on doing 继续做（同一件事）Mean to do 打算做
mean doing 意味做
(5)Need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如：
The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem is worth discussing.3、作表语
有时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。如： My hobby is collecting stamps.Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child.The film is touching.4、作定语
动名词作定语，一般表示用途。如：
a waiting room，a diving board，a reading room，a dining hall there are a lot of swimming pools in the city.注：（1）现在分词作定语表动作，它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，可改写成一个定语从句。
如果为单词，放在被修饰n之前，为短语，放在被修饰n之后。如：a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping
a developing country =a country which is developing
（2）动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质，可改写成一个for的短语，两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
如：a washing machine = a mashine for washing
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 5.作状语
（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.②原因状语
Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note ③伴随状语
The girls came in, following their parents.④结果状语
The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
6.作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
二、动名词的时态和语态
动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般式。如： We are interested in playing chess.He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.若主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象，动名词用被动语态。如： We must do something to prevent water from being polluted.I remember having been told a story.He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.三。.-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health.四。-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如：Our job is making steel.She likes playing the piano, but she doesn’t want to play it today.五。-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。
10.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.六。独立主格结构：有时v.-ing和过去分词在句中也有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语一般为名词或代词，和v.-ing还有过去分词构成独立主格结构。该结构在句中一般只作状语。独立主格中是使用v.-ing还是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动或被动关系来定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.注意：①独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如：
The_meeting_(being)_over,_all left the room.②作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如：
She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.＝ She read the letter with_tears_rolling_down her cheeks.
第二篇：初中doing的用法总结
5大零件之doing零件
1.He saw a girl dancing on the street.[]他看见一个女孩正在街上跳舞。(dancing作宾语补足
语)
2.If you become a professional athlete, you'll be able to make a living doing something you
love.[]如果你成为一名职业运动员，你可以做一些你喜欢的事谋生。(doing something you love作方式状语)
3.And it you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.[]当
你有钱后，你会很难知道谁是你真正的朋友。(knowing who your real friends are作定语修饰time)
4.If we see someone breaking the rules of etiquette, we may politely give them some
suggestions.[]如果我们看见有人违反了礼节的规则，我们可以礼貌地给他们一些建议。(breaking the rules of etiquette作宾语补足语)
5.If you see someone you know doing this, you can ask them,Would you mind picking it up?[]
如果你看见你认识的人这样做，你可以问他们，请把它捡起来好吗？(picking it up作宾语)
6.And you can see Disney characters walking around Disneyland all the time![]你任何时候都
可以看见迪斯尼人物在迪斯尼乐园里走来走去!(walking around Disneyland作宾语补足语)
7.You won't have any problem finding rice, noodles, or dumplings.[]在吃米饭,面条,饺子方面
不会有什么问题。(finding rice, noodles, or dumplings作定语修饰problem)
8.Sometimes it isn't easy being the new kid at school.[]作为一名新生有时在学校真的很难。
(being the new kid at school作真正的主语，it为形式主语)
9.I was having a hard time finding it until you came along.[]在你陪我去那之前我一直找得很
辛苦。(finding it作定语修饰time)
10.Then I started to write my own original sentences using the grammar I was learning.[]然后我开始用学过的语法写有自己的原始句子。(using the grammar方式状语)
11.Perhaps we have seen young children playing together.[]可能我看见过孩子们在一起玩耍。
(playing together作宾语补足语)
12.Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but
I just don’t have the time anymore.[]上高中以前,我经常花许多时间和朋友们一起做游戏,但现在再也没有时间了。(playing games作宾语补足语)
13.Mr and Mrs Liu believe that Liu Yu should study hard in the evenings, and so they don't
allow him to practice running on school nights.[]刘先生和刘太太认为刘宇晚上应该努力学习，所以他们不允许他在上学的晚上训练赛跑。(running作宾语)
14.I don’t like making speeches.I feel nervous talking in front of many people.[]我不喜欢演
讲。我在很多人前面讲话感到很紧张。(making speeches作宾语；talking in front of many people作方式状语)
15.Martin Robinson is a famous doctor who has a lot of experience dealing with teenagers.[]马
丁·鲁滨逊是一位著名的医生，他在处理青少年问题上有很丰富的经验。(dealing with teenagers作定语修饰experience)
16.Well, first find out how bad it is.Then put the burned area under cold running water.[]好，首
先你应该看看到底伤得有多严重。然后将烧伤的地方放在冷水下面冲。(running作定语修饰water)
17.He spends every Saturday morning working in an animal hospital.[]他每个星期六早上在一
个动物医院工作。(working in an animal hospital.作宾语补足语)
18.He also put up some signs asking for old bikes and called up all his friends and told them
about the problem.[]他还搭建了一些标牌来征求旧自行车，并且打电话给他所有的朋友告诉了这个问题。(asking for old bikes作定语修饰signs)
19.Being blind, deaf, unable to walk, or use your hands easily is something that most people
cannot imagine.[]盲、聋、不能走路，或者不能自如地使用你的双手是大多数人无法想象的事情。(Being blind, deaf, unable to walk, or use your hands easily作主语)
20.The aim of basketball is for players to get a ball into the “basket”;a net hanging from a metal
hoop.[]篮球的目的是为了让运动员把球投进“篮”内，这个“篮”就是一个挂在金属环上的网。(hanging from a metal hoop作定语修饰a net)
21.Parents will spend many happy hours walking through the History Museum.[]父母会在历史
博物馆度过许多快乐的时光。(walking through the History Museum作宾语补足语)
22.Sometimes, we might even need to spend some time leading in to a question or request.[] 有
时，我们可能甚至需要花费一些时间来引入一个问题或请求。(leading in to a question or request作定语修饰some time)
23.I’m very comfortable speaking French now.[]我现在可以可以轻松地说法语。(speaking
French now时间状语)
24.Others hate ads, saying that they make our cities and countryside look ugly.[]一部分人讨厌
广告，说它们让我们的城市和乡村变得难看。(saying that they make our cities and countryside look ugly作定语修饰ads)
25.Do you hear someone knocking at the door?[]你听到有人正在敲门吗？(knocking at the
door作宾语补足语)
26.We watched three boys sharing their food with each other.[]我们看到有3个男孩正在分享
彼此的食物。(sharing their food作宾语补足语)
27.She was heard singing in the next room.[] 她被听到正在房间里唱歌。(Singing作宾语)
28.The girl singing now is a classmate of mine.[]正在唱歌的女孩是我的一个同学。(Singing
作定语修饰the girl)
29.He sat at the desk reading a magazine.[]他坐在桌边，阅读一本杂志。(reading a magazine
作方式状语)
30.Being very young, he can't dress himself.[]因为太小了，他不能够给自己穿衣服。(Being
very young作原因状语)
31.Being ill, she had to stay in bed.[]因为生病了，她必须卧床休息。(Being ill作原因状语)
32.Being in poor health, he had to give up his teaching.[]因为身体差，他不得不放弃他的教书
工作。(Being in poor health作原因状语)
33.Her parents died, leaving her a big house.[]她的父母死了，留给她一座大房子。(leaving her
a big house作结果状语)
34.Hearing the cry for help, they rushed out of the room.[] 听到呼救声，他们都冲出了房间。
(Hearing the cry for help作时间状语)
35.Having finished all the work, they went to the shore.[]完成全部的工作，他们都去了商店。
(Having finished all the work作时间状语)
36.I’m not sure which is the road leading to the hospital.[]我不确信，哪条路通向医院。
(leading to the hospital作定语修饰the road)
37.There is a river running around our school.[]有条河流经我们的学校。(running around our
school作定语修饰a river)
38.I have a friend living in London.[]我有一个住在伦敦的朋友。(living in London作定语修饰
a friend)
39.The building being built now is a hospital.[]正在建的建筑物是所医院。(being built 作定语
修饰the building)
40.The watch being repaired now is hers.[] 正在修的手表是她的。(being repaired作定语修饰
the watch)
41.Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.[]听到这个这个消息，他高兴地跳起来。(Hearing the
news作时间状语)
42.Having heard the sad news, they felt sad.[]听到这个悲伤的消息，他们感到很难过。
(Having heard the sad news作时间状语)
43.They sat around the fire, talking with each other happily.[]他们围着火堆坐着，开心地交谈
着。(talking with each other happily作方式状语)
44.Having finished his homework, he went out to play football.[]完成他的家庭作业后，他出去
踢足球了。(Having finished his homework作时间状语)
45.The students ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking.[]学生们跑出教室，笑着谈论
着。(laughing and talking作方式状语)
46.I know the man standing there.[] 我认识站在那儿的那个人。(standing there作定语修饰
the man)
第三篇：there be用法总结
1.基本结构
There be + 主语 + 地点/ 时间状语。如：
There is a computer in the room.房间里有一台电脑。
There are two TV plays every evening.每晚有两场电视剧。2.主谓一致
要采取就近一致原则，和靠近be 的主语一致。如：
There is a pen, two rulers in the box.盒子里有一只钢笔，两把尺子。
There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate.门口有两个男孩，一个老师。3.主语后的动词形式
在there be 句型中，主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词；是被动关系时用过去分词。如：
There is a purse lying on the ground.地上有一个钱包。
There are five minutes left now.现在还有5分钟。4.反意疑问句。
反意疑问句应与 there be 对应，而不是依据主语。如：
There is a radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一台收音机，是吧？
There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你们班有50多名学生，是吧？ 5.there be 与 have 的替换
there be 表示所属时可与 have 替换。
There is nothing but a book in my bag.= I have nothing but a book in my bag.包里只有一本书。6.there be 后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要做。
注意：当该句型主语是 something, anything, nothing 等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。
There is nothing to do.没有事可做。
There is nothing to be done.没有办法(束手无策)。7.与其它词连用，构成复合谓语。如：
There may be a rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有雨。
There used to be a cinema here before the war.战争之前，这儿有一家电影院。8.变体
there be 结构中的 be 有时可用 live, stand, remain 等代替。如：
Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else.从前有位国王喜欢新服胜过别的任何东西。9.习惯用语
There is no good /use(in)doing sth.做某事没有好处/用处；There is not a moment to lose.一刻也不能耽误。例如：
There is no good making friends with him.和他交朋友没有什么好处。
He is very ill.Send him to hospital.There's not a moment to lose.他病得厉害，把他送到医院去，一刻也不能耽误。
there be与have的比较
■不同之处
一、用法不同
there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。
二、结构不同
there be + sb./sth.+时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth.+ have +sb./sth.else There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。She has three cars.她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)■相同之处
1.表示某物体在结构上“装有”“配备有”“固有”时，两者均可用。如：
A clock has a round face.= There is a round face on a clock.钟面上有一个圆型的钟盘。
Each house on the street has a small yard.= There is a small yard in each house on the street.这条街旁的每栋房子都有一座小花园。
2.当have表示“包括”时，可以用 There be 替换。如：
A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。
3.当 have 表示“存在”时，可以用 There be 替换，如(www.xiexiebang.com)： Our village has only one street.=There is only one street in our village.我们村里只有一条街。
This country has rich resources, such as oil, coal and iron.=There is rich resources, such as oil, coal and iron, in this country 这个国家有丰富的资源，如石油、煤和铁等。
第四篇：it 用法总结
It的用法总结
在英语中,it有许多不同的用法,它既可以用作代词(如人称代词、非人称代词)，也可以用作引导词（作形式主语或形式宾语），还可以用来构成强调句型。
1.it用作代词
(1)用作人称代词 在句子中作主语或宾语；指前面已经提到过的事物、动物或人，且it指特定的事物；如果指前文中提到的事物中的任何一个，用one。one可以与any, each, every, not等连用，但one不可代替不可数名词。
—Where’s your car?
—It’s in the garage.你的汽车在哪儿呢？在车库里。(指代物品your car)Did you hit it? 你打中了吗？(指代事件)The baby cried when it was hungry.这婴儿饿时就哭。（指代婴儿，尤指性别不详或无所谓时）
—Who is that? —It’s me.是谁？我。(指一定情景中所确定的人或事物，此时相当于指示代词，代指this和that,有时也指人)—What’s this?
—It’s a box.这是什么？一只箱子。
(2)作非人称代词 表示天气、日期、时间、温度、距离、价值、路程、度量、自然现象与环境等。也可模糊地指一般情形或上文的部分或整个意思。译成汉语时，it通常不一定译出来。
It’s a long time since they left.他们走后很久了。It’s two miles to the beach.离海滨有两英里远。
That’s just it—I can’t work when you’re making so much noise.原因就在这里——你弄出这么大的声音，我工作不了。
另外，需要注意两点：
（1）“It’s time…”后面可以接不定式和介词短语表示“是做„„的时候了”。如： It’s time for supper.It’s time to have supper.(2)“It’s time…”后面还可以接一个从句，但是从句中的谓语动词一定要用过去式即虚拟语气，如：
It’s time we had lunch.是我们吃饭的时候了。
It’s time we started.是我们该出发的时候了。
2.it用作引导词
(1)作形式主语
由动词不定式、动词-ing短语或名词性从句担任主语的句子，常用it来作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子的后面。
It’s not easy for us to learn English well.[句型为: It +be+形容词+（for sb.）to do sth.] It’s foolish of you to say that to her.[句型为: It +be+形容词+（of sb.）+to do sth.] It’s no use/good/help…sleeping too much.(句型为: It +be+名词+doing)It’s important that we be there on time.（句型为: It +be +形容词+that从句）
It’s high time that Tom went to school.(句型为: It +be +time +that从句，从句中的动词用过去时)It was the second time that he had telephoned me that day.[句型为: It +be+ the first(second, third)time +that从句]（that从句中动词用完成时）
It was arranged that they should leave the following winter.(句型为: It +be+过去分词+that从句)It appears that the two leaders are holding secret talks.(句型为: It +不及物动词+that从句)
(2)作形式宾语
当宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing短语或名词性从句时，而宾语后又有宾语补足语，则需用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面。用于这种结构的动词有：feel, find, think, make, consider, take等。
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.马克思发现研究俄国的形势很重要。
I find it strange that she doesn’t want to travel.她竟不想旅游,我觉得很奇怪。
I’ ll make it clear to you that failure is the mother of success.我要告诉你们失败是成功之母。
3.it用在强调句型中
英语中，为了突出句子中的某一成分，达到强调或使人特别注意该成分的目的，人们常用“It is/was+强调对象+who/whom/that….”句式把整个句子分割成前后两个部分，使之各自有自己的谓语动词，中间由that或who/whom连起来成为一个新句子。除强调人时用who, whom外，其余情况都用连词that。被强调的对象仅限于句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语和部分状语（包括状语从句），即除谓语和定语以外的句子成分。这部分状语主要包括地点状语、由before, when, after, not until等引起的时间状语从句、由because, because of引起的原因状语、由by引起的方式状语等。
当被强调的对象是人时，可用who, whom或that，其余情况一律用that;当被强调对象在从句中做主语时用who/that,当被强调对象在从句中做宾语时用whom/that。
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上我父亲在实验室做实验。
It was my father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上是我父亲在实验室做实验。（强调主语）
It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上我父亲在实验室里做的是实验。（强调宾语）
It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.我父亲是昨天晚上在实验室做实验的。（强调时间状语）
It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.我父亲昨天晚上是在实验室里做这个实验的。（强调地点状语）
另外，再注意两点：
（1）强调句如果还原成陈述句的话，句子成分是完整的，如果不完整，那必然是别的从句而不是强调句。
It was the town where we lived for three years.此句是定语从句，因为还原以后的句子为: We lived the town for three years.缺少介词（in the town）, 而It was in the town that we lived for three years.这就是一个强调句了。
（2）强调中心也可以是疑问词，这时要将疑问词置于句首，构成一个特殊疑问句。Why is it that you want to leave so soon? 你到底为何这么早就要走？
It用法大总结(中)
4.It is important(necessary, right, strange, natural...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。It is important that we(should)learn English well.It is necessary that he(should)remember these words.It is strange that he should have said those words.5.It is said(reported, learned…)that …
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是 that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“ 据说（据报道，据悉……）”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit 6.It is suggested(ordered, required...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为“ 据建议；有命令……）”。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.It was ordered that we(should)arrive there in two hours.7.It is a pity(a shame...)that...该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.8.It is time(about time , high time)that...该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时侯……”。It is time that children should go to bed.= It is time that children went to bed.9.It is the first(second …)time that …
该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it 有时用 this 替换，常译为“是第一
（二）……次……”。It(This)is the first time I have been here.It(This)was the first time I had been here
一、人称代词1，it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复: ①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.2.，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子): ②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.③They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder3.，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景: ③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.．
二、.非人称代词
1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等： ⑴.指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t it?
⑵.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.⑶.指日期:It is April First today.⑷.指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou.⑸.指价值:It is three dollars.⑹.指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade.三、其他用法1.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事：
①Who is it there? It's I(me/you/he.....).②I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.③Her face lighted when she saw who it was.2.泛泛的指某件事：(有时泛指一般情况)①It doesn’t matter.②It is a shame, isn’t it?③How is it going?(情况怎样)④It says in the newspaper that......3.it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思 The last train's gone.Come on, we'll foot it.(来，咱们步行吧。)
四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语： 1.作形式主语替代主语从句⑴It is clear(obvious，true，possible，certain....)that 从句 常译为＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.⑵It is important(necessary，right，strange，natural...)that 从句 常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。①It is important that we(should)learn English well.②It is necessary that he(should)remember these words.⑶It is said(reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that 从句 常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。①It is said that he has come to Beijing.②It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.⑷It is suggested(advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded...)that 从句.that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）①It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.②It was ordered that we(should)arrive there in two hours.⑸It is time(about time，high time)that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did)① It is time that children went to bed.② It is time you bought a new car.③ It is(high)time you made up your mind.⑹It is the first(second...)time that从句(从句用现在完成时 have done)It was the first(second...)time that从句(从句用过去完成时had done)常译为＂是第一
（二）．．．次．．．＂。
It is the first time I have been here.= This is the first time I have been here ⑺It is a pity(a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/...)that从句.that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。①It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班 上，真是遗憾！②It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！⑻It happens(seems，looks，appears)that从句.常译为 “ 碰巧„,似乎是„,看起来„” ①It happened(so happened)that he met his teacher in the street.碰巧．．.②It seems that he will be back in a few days.看来．．． 2.作形式主语替代不定式 ⑴ It is kind(of sb.)to do sth.不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。常见的词有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good（好心的），honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice（有教养的），polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong（错误的）等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.is kind to do sth.。如:It is kind of you to say so.= You are kind to say so.⑵It is necessary(for sb.)to do sth..不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。常见的形容词有：important，necessary，natural easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant 如:It is important for her to come to the party.= It is important that she(should)come to the party.⑶It takes sb....to do sth.常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。如:It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.3.作形式主语替代动名词短语It is no good / no use / useless doing sth.常译为 “┅有好处或没有用” ①It is no good learning English without speaking English.②It's useless trying to argue with Shylock.五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel； 如:We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.He felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.六、.it的重要句型 1.强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句(被强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用)①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.②It was they that(who)cleaned the classroom yesterday.③It was in the street that I met her father.④It was yesterday that I met her in the street.⑤It is you that /who are wrong.特例:It is not until + 被强调部分 + that...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not...until...的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
第五篇：Such用法总结
Such用法总结
such可以分为三种不同的词性。
一、形容词的用法
1.such做形容词，是最常见、也是最简单的用法，起到一种强调作用。
She's got such talent.她很有天赋。
We're having such a wonderful time.我们过得很愉快。
I've had such a shock.我大吃一惊。
Why are you in such a hurry? 为什么你这么匆忙？
2.注意上面的第二个例子，“such a wonderful time”。
通常情况下，如果such与名词之间还带有形容词，这时不提倡使用such，因为会引起歧义。而要说“so wonderful a time”或者“a time so wonderful”。
3.当句子末尾加上that引导从句，形成such...that结构时，表示因为前面提到的原因，引起了某种结果。
He speaks to me in such a way that I always feel he is insulting me.他总是用那种方式跟我说话，总是使得我觉得受到了侮辱。
It was such a boring speech(that)I fell asleep.这是个乏味的演说，使得我睡着了。
二、限定词的用法
4.所谓“限定词”，指的是对名词的涵义加以限制的词。又分为后对应限定和前对应限定两种。
5.前对应限定的such，指的是前面提到过的某一种类。
He noticed her necklace.Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought.他注意到了她的项链。这一定值几千元，他想。
This isn't the only story of crulty to children.Many such cases are reported every day.这并非虐待儿童的唯一事件。每天都有许多类似案例被报道。6.后对应限定的such，指的是后面将要提到的某一种类。通常使用such...as/that...的结构。
Such a disaster as this had never happened to her before.以前她从未遇到过这样的灾难。
The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo.这个结打得很牢固，根本解不开。
Such advice as he was given proved almost worthless.他得到的那些建议，被证明毫无价值。
He's not such a fool as he looks.他并非看上去那样蠢。
注意，规范的用法是，这时应避免使用such...that，而只使用such...as，方便与前面的第3点相区分。
三、代词的用法
7.such做代词的时候，也分为前指代和后指代两种。
8.前指代的意思是，指代前面提到过的某个人或某件事。通常，这时指代的是前面整句话的涵义。
Cricket was boring.Such was her opinion befor meeting Ian.板球很乏味。遇到Ian之前，她一直这么认为。
She's a competent manager and has always been regarder as such by her colleagues.她是一个能干的经理。同事们一直这样看待她。9.后指代的意思是，指代后面提到的某个人或某件事。这时通常采用such as to do sth或such that的结构。
Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.这就是电视的影响，它可以使人一夜成名。
The pain in her foot wasn't such as to stop her walking.她脚上的痛，还没有到妨碍走路的地步。
The damage was such that it would cost too much to repair.损害很严重，要用很多钱才能修好。
四、词组 such as 和 as such
10.such as可以连在一起，作为词组使用，意思是“比如、就像”，同like类似。Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.像兰花和樱草花那样的野花，越来越少见了。
Large and important projects such as this one often take years to develop.类似这一个的大型重要项目，需要好多年才能发展起来。
11.词组as such通常用在词尾，其实只是代词用法的一个引申，或者表示“像看上去那样”。
If this is not genuine champagne, it should not be labelled as such.既然这不是真的香槟酒，就不应该这样标识。
The new job is not promotion as such but it has good prospects.新工作并非真的升职，不过前景不错。
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