托福独立写作有哪些好方法

第一篇：托福独立写作有哪些好方法

托福独立写作有哪些好方法

托福独立写作能取得高分都有哪些好方法呢？本文环球北美考试院为大家介绍托福写作的备考方法，供大家参考阅读。

把握好独立作文重要的因素

托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么？当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。

由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。

这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。

论据的准备也可以称为素材，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。

把握好文章写作思路

怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢？下面为大家介绍一些实战做法。

1.首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。

比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country.看到most，我们自然想到用他因法。

2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。

3.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。

形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。

4.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。

新托福独立作文的写作是有技巧可以讲究的，只要我们把作文的条理理顺，再用自己的语言组织论点和论据，丰富文章内容，然后再稍加注意一下措辞就可以了。

以上就是环球北美考试院为大家介绍的托福独立写作的相关知识，希望考生们可以仔细阅读，考出理想的成绩！

第二篇：托福独立写作技巧方法讲解

独立部分作文笔记（原创）一．TWE 评分过程

（1）不必在意的四件事——破除原有误解 ①不必在意英语和美语的差异； ②不必在意口语与书面语的差异； ③不必在意任何文化差异； ④不必在意语言是否地道。（2）6 分评分标准

Readers should focus on what the examinee does well.Scores6 Demonstrates clear competence in writing on both the rhetorical and syntactic levels, though it may have occasional errors.A paper in this category ––effectively addresses the writing task ––is well organized and well developed ––uses clearly appropriate details to support a thesis or illustrate ideas ––displays consistent facility in the use of language ––demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriate word choice 二．评分标准的分析

评分标准一：effectively addresses the writing task（1）简单说明文（Explanation）

（I）Background Information，Thesis Statement——1 段（II）Supporting——2-3 段。例：

21.In general, people are living longer now.Discuss the causes of thisphenomenon.Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.Supporting：A、食物改善；B、技术进步；C、社会和经济环境的稳定。

Topic Sentence：Among various factors that have made people live longer are A, B and C.①A is very important factor.粗粮、细粮，肉食，牛奶，水质（自来水、矿泉水）…… ②Equally important is B.医疗技术使很多过去的绝症轻易获得治疗，如百日咳，肺结核等。③Matching A and B is another essential factor, C.战争，社会动荡，经济动荡都会影响人们的寿命。

主题句的写法： ①尽量不要只使用抽象名词；

②尽量暗示文章将来结构，主题句写好了可以没有结论句； ③主题句应该值得解释、值得证明。（2）对比、对照（Compare & Contrast）（I）Background Information（II）Compare & Contrast √ √√ A √√×OrA√B √× ×B × ××√B×A ×（III）Topic Sentence / Conclusion（3）立论文（Argumentation）①本身有争议；

③不能用right/wrong 来修饰，而是who is more reasonable.例：

41.Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry aremore important than saving land for endangered animals.Do you agree ordisagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons andexamples to support your answer.立场：反对盲目地保护濒临灭绝动物。（I）Background Information（II）Supporting ×××

（III）Rebuttal 驳证——选择一个对立立场辩驳（最重要的部分）beautiful？ necessary？ money？

（IV）Topic Sentence 审题立论的注意事项：

①以读者为导向；②想好了再写；③说服读者而不仅是表达；④顺序很重要；⑤结论不重要。评分标准二：is well organized and well developed

1、元素排列

（1）二分法：①简单→复杂；②已知→未知；③次要→重要（说明说服为目的）。（2）逻辑关系：①并列；②递进；③转折。有力模式：

有力模式I 有力模式II 有力模式III A ↓ 并列递进转折 B ↓ ↓ ↓

↓ 递进转折递进 C 例：

43.Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or otherdangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.先想一个例子，在按照有力模式的构成去思考其他例子。本例采有力模式II。（1）the drive of money…………………（material）①特技演员（stunt man）； ②Photography；正面 ③Law breaker。

递进→（2）the desire pursuer happiness.（spiritual）人的本性对危险的追求

转折→（3）无知（ignorance）…………………………………………负面

评分标准三：uses clearly appropriate details to support a thesisor illustrate ideas 一个反例——讲义P156。

教训：（1）不仅要列大纲，还要落实具体细节，然后查字典。前两步用平时使用的、朴素的、没有修饰的中文完成。中文英文英文解释 …… …… ………… …… …… ………… …… …… …………

（2）考场上在表达时永不轻言放弃。一旦忘记例子，千方百计解 释清楚。

解释方法：中文，同位语从句+定语从句

评分标准四：displays consistent facility in the use of language 思维贫乏的人才会用华丽的辞藻。

评分标准五：demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriateword choice 逻辑思维 语言文字

三．185 题库的处理

压缩题库：TWE 写作的准备是系统工程，考验资源整合能力。

1、相关题目归类整理材料，整合论点。㈠86→89→90→91；

㈡6→52→141（因此52 选择why 而不是how）→165evironment 例：

52.What change would make your hometown more appealing to people your age? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.Among diverse aspects that I want to change about my hometown is its environment.→（why & how？此处选why）

①A good environment will make people happier.（100 words）②A nice environment will make people healthier.（100 words）

③A perfect environment will make people more productive.（100 words）

Topic Sentence：TS, the improvement of which will make people happier, healthier, and even moreproductive.（主题句应当尽量暗示文章未来结构）㈢36→70 例：

70.Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life.Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems.What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.主题句应当值得解释、值得证明，故：

①汽车之类现代交通工具使市场上商品数量增多，方便流通； ②使商品价格降低；（运输成本降低，同种商品种类增加、竞争加剧）③甚至，汽车交通工具对我国妇女地位独立有很大帮助。最初想到：convenient & efficient，不值得解释、证明； 进一步问：so what？→人们活动范围增加，但仍不够； 进一步问：so what？→商品的活动范围增加→商品数量增加 因此，多想几步即可得到有效结论。

㈣15→18→46→179→93→62→103，基于ETS 出题的人群普适性和文化普适性。① To be a good _____ , one should have the intelligence.happier, healthier, ②To be a good _____ , one should be humor.more productive ③To be a good _____ , one should be reliable.理由、例子、思路的反复运用。

2、一些用母语都难写的题目的处理。

（1）最好不要同意的。往往是一些绝对的立场，观点要从绝对词出发。选反对或中间模式。例： 37.Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.本例选中间模式，组织采有力模式III。方法是修正部分绝对化的表达和词汇。①It’s true that progress is usually good.如交通、沟通、书写工具。②However, it’s hardly true that progress is always good.③In fact, progress in itself is nether good or bad.技术的运用在人不再技术本身。例：

53.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most importantaspect of a job is the money a person earns.Use specific reasons and examples 不能同意。绝对词：the most important。其他重要原因如stability。例：

54.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should neverjudge a person by external appearances.Use specific reasons and details tosupport your answer.①确实有时会犯错；

②但有时也确实可以根据外表得到信息，如判断诚信； ③甚至，有时必须通过外表判断一个人。（2）最好同意的。

没有绝对词，而且往往还有想关限定词。例：

27.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People shouldsometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing.Use specific reasons andexamples to support your answer.两种分类：喜欢的/不喜欢的；有益成功的/无益成功的。需要做不喜欢但有益成功的。另外的例子还有63、42 题等。（3）只能反对的。

主要有第8、88、119、120 题。

分析方法：How come they have such an opinion? 即A→B 的因果关系是否过分简单化？ ①A 不见得是B 的理由； ②A 不见得是B 的唯一理由； ② A 不见得是B 最重要的理由。例：

8.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television hasdestroyed communication among friends and family.Use specific reasons andexamples to support your opinion.It’s true that people attend to spend lots ① of time in watching television.②It’s also true that people spend less time in communication.③However, it’s hardly true that television destroyed people’s communication.④再写一个真正的理由，如工作压力、经济压力等： It’s working stress rather than television… 例：

88.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephones and emailhave made communication between people less personal.Use specific reasonsand examples to support your opinion.Personal 有两种理解：①亲密；②个性化。只要前后理解一贯即可。

相比第8 题，可以忽略前3 点而扩张第4 点，如沟通成本的降低。例：

119.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behavedifferently when they wear different clothes.Do you agree that different clothesinfluence the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer.①有时候会影响人们的行为。服装影响心理；服装影响他人对你的态度。②然而，服装不必然影响人们行为。

③什么是最重要的理由，如价值观（value system）。例：

120.Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought.Doyou agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that peoplemake quickly are always wrong.Use reasons and specific examples to supportyour opinion.①通常迅速作出的决定是错误的；

②不是生活当中每一个决定都是值得认真思考的； ③甚至很多人就是擅长短时间内作出正确决定。（4）不能同意也不能反对的。It depends.例：

20.It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city.Do youagree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.It depends the child’s age.岁之前，最重要的是家庭内部环境； 小学时，乡村更好一些； 高中时，城里更好一些。

慎用I think…，in my opinion 等词组： ①是废话；②不要站在读者对立面。只有当你确知有不同观点时才可使用，然后必须用细节支持，如本文。例：

32.Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save yourmoney for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to supportyouropinion.It depends the money you earn.2000/月，想存也impossible； 20000/月，基本花不完； 200000/月，花掉。例：

35.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Attending a liveperformance(for example, a play, concert, or sporting event)is more enjoyablethan watching the same event on television.Use specific reasons and examples tosupport your opinion.要看是什么演出，不同情况作不同选择。例：

49.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-facecommunication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email,or telephone calls.Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.要看与谁沟通，老板、顾客、同事等均不同。五．TWE 考试的准备

1、改写阶段。挑5-10 篇话题不重复的范文进行改写。①改词。

②改句：简单句、并列句互改；句子成分、从句互改；正常语序，倒装互改。③换一种说法。

④换个理由，换个例子。

改写的顺序：上午写，下午改，晚上背，第二天默。

2、创作阶段。写5-10 篇。

不限时完成，借助一切可以借助的力量。顺序与第一阶段相同。注重句法、时态等。

3、冲刺阶段。写5-10 篇。

限时25 分钟完成，最好早上9:00 写。下午用大量时间改写、背，第二天默写。

附录三句法多样性专题(Syntactic Variety)1.并列

a)并列大量名词: n1, n2, n3, …, and n i.A, B, C, … and other Xs… ii.X, such [Y] as A, B, C…, …

History, philosophy, fundamental mathematics/calculus, and other abstract subjectshave to be learned from books, or primarily from books.Some knowledge, such abstract subjects as history, philosophy, fundamentalmathematics/calculus, has to be learned from books, or primarily from books.It is necessary for everyone to read imaginative literature, such as poetry, novels, ormythology.It is necessary for everyone to read poetry and other types of imaginative literaturesuch asnovels and mythology.b)并列名词性成份: n.+ what/how/whether/if… [并列复杂句] i.what = something that ii.how = the way/manner in which

Most parents educate their children merely by instinct rather than by proper pedagogy,and usually do not care about their relationship with children and how such neglectinfluences the future development of their children.Most students are eager to obtain knowledge, but they lack the sense of what is good, orwhat is necessary and how such a deficiency in the concept of viewing the situation as awhole would mislead them.c)并列形容词性成份 i.a1 and a2 + n ii.a1 + yet/but + a2 + n iii.a1, a2 + n + that… iv.a1, a2, so a3 that/as to…

a small town a small and peaceful town a good teacher a good and very impressive teacher a stupid decision a stupid and incorrigible decision …

simple yet effective method a direct and simple yet magically effective method an irrational yet understandable decision a fair and balance, yet undesirable decision obvious yet not the most significant reason expensive yet worthy course slow yet indispensable process A weird, entertaining, yet TRUE story....All adult birds molt their feathers at least once a year, and upon close observation, one canrecognize the frayed, ragged appearance of feathers that are nearing the end of their usefullife.[T0105-P02-L3] Most students can hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normallycontinue at least several quarters without giving any essential information.The impact that technology has had on our daily life and society in general, is undeniable.It will become even greater as computers get faster, smaller, smarter, and soinexpensive that virtually everyone will be able to own one.A class led by a lethargic teacher could be extremely dull, dry, and so boring that driveseverybody in the class into sleep.Learning in essence is a process that is time-consuming, painstaking, and so hard thatvirtually only persistent few can finally have a sense of real achievement.1.并列

d)并列副词性成份 i.ad1 and ad2 ii.ad1 + yet/but + ad2 iii.ad1, ad2, prep.iv.ad1, ad2, so ad3 that/as to…

A conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully, intelligently, and with thefull consideration of all possible aspects concerning the subject.1.并列 e)并列动词 i.并列动词

a)…v1…, v2-ing…, v3-ing… ii.并列句子

b)…, and therefore/thus/consequently/subsequently… c)not only/simply/merely… but also/…as well/even… d)neither… nor… e)not that… but that…

f)并列从句: … that…, and that…[并列复杂句] iii.that引导的宾语从句 iv.that引导的定语从句 v.that 引导的主语从句

An absent-minded teacher lacks drive to make class intensely focused, often preparingnothing in advance, wandering among random topics, thus wasting and killing times ofindustrial students.主语相同的两个句子并列，―and‖对应的中文应该是―也‖。

Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are the major source from which peopleobtain knowledge.书本记录着思想和理念，也．是人们获取知识的主要来源。

Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are therefore the major source fromwhich people obtain knowledge.书本记录着思想和理念，所．以．也．是人们获取知识的主要来源。

History has to be vague and ambiguous, and is therefore/thus so interesting that many areobsessed, because people always cannot help trying to know the truth.历史必然模糊含混，也正是如此，它才那样有趣以至于很多人都被深深的吸引，因为人们总是忍不住要追寻真理。

Chinese children unfortunately have few rights to make their own decisions, andsubsequently often have to do things that they do not enjoy doing at all.很不幸孩子们很少有自作主张的权利，也因此常常只能去做自己不喜欢做的事情。

Modern vehicles have extended the range of people’s activity, and thus made much moregoods available to local markets.现代交通工具延伸了人们活动的范围，也因此使市场上的商品数量增加了。

It is the nature of human that determines that people tend to trust themselves rather thanothers, and consequently they often misguide by their own feelings rather than reasons.这是人性所决定的：人们倾向于相信自己而不是相信别人，也因此常常被自己的感觉所误导，而不是遵循理智。

Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.A perfect environment will not only make people happier and healthier, but it will evenmake people more productive.Modern transportation vehicles such as automobiles have not only made more goodsavailable in the local markets, but they have also lowered the price of the products in themarkets.3.元素并列的其他手段

肯定句: also;as well;too;equally;of equal importance… 否定句: either, neither;nor A good environment will make people happier.A nice environment will also make people healthier.A poor environment will not make people happier.A bad environment will not make people healthier either.或Nor a bad environment will make people healthier.4.not… but

计算机不仅给人们带来了方便，还是人们学得更多。

Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.补充: 分割效果 1)主语和谓语动词之间 2)助动词和实意动词之间 3)系动词和表语之间 only also…

not simply but … as well.merely even… not that… but that…

Not that emails or telephones have made people less personal, but that peoplethemselves have become less personal.One of several possible reasons is that peopleusually lack of adequate communicating skills.A good environment will make people happier.A nice environment will make people healthier as well.A perfect environment will not only make people happier and healthier, but it willeven make them more productive.2.重复成分 a)重复形容词

iii.… a.…, so a.that/as to… b)重复名词 iv.… n., n that…

In fact, history is interesting, so interesting that many are obsessed by it, because peoplealways cannot help knowing the truth.Parents or other adults often give merely a casual answer to a serious question from acurious child, an answer that makes no sense at all, and might have unforeseeablenegative consequence in the future.3.从句

a)whether/if/what/how 做宾语 a)when/whenever;while +-ing/-ed b)if/whether + adj.c)what/how/when/where + to… d)…, n + of + which… 深入研究转折 1.形容词的转折并列 simple yet effective method a simple, direct, practical yet magically effective method irrational yet understandable decision a fair and balance, yet undesirable decision obvious yet not the most significant reason expensive yet worthy course slow yet indispensable process A weird, entertaining, yet TRUE story....2.包装（反复取非）History is useful.History is not useful.It is commonly believed that history is not useful.However, this is a prevailingmisunderstanding.Hypocrites lie.Hypocrites do not tell the truth.Hypocrites do tell the truth when and only when they have convinced that by doing so theycan benefit.Hypocrites have many forms, but they have one thing in common: Hypocrites do tell thetruth when and only when they have convinced that by doing so they can benefit.Although most people were hostile to the hypocritical behaviors, and believeprofoundly in the sacredness of truth and the inviolable freedom of those who dare to tellthe truth, they often betray their principle, dignity, and in effect become accompanies ofother hypocrites.Hypocrites have many forms, but always have one thing in common: theyessentially have no principle at all.They tell the truth when and only when they feel thetruth is on their side, otherwise they would refuse rather than accept the truth, or remainsilence even choose to lie for the sake of their own safety if they find they arethreatened,even when that threat is at most potential.It’s fortunate that our society always has a small portion of citizens who always tryto insist their principles and struggle to defend even when tremendous cost isanticipated.When nearly everyone in this society had learnt to remain silence, Doctor Jiang Yan Yongstood out and shouted the truth about SARS.When nobody in this country is not afraid ofAIDS, Doctor Gao Yao Jie is rushing around to help the helpless.When most people in thiscountry believe money is everything, and should be made by whatever means is possible,Zhou Li Tai, as a lawyer, is persistently fighting for the weakest group who might beincapable of paying his consultant fee.附录四例证表达法

大家最熟悉的当然是 “for example” 和 “for instance” 了。这两个表达 法后面可以接名词性成分或者句子。还可以说 “take … for example”，比 如： “Let's take an extreme case for example.…” 用来修饰 “example” 的形容词很多，应该熟练掌握：

characteristic;classic;prime;representative;typical | excellent;fine;good;impressive;magnificent;outstanding;perfect;superb;wonderful | fascinating;interesting;intriguing;notable;remarkable;striking;graphic;vivid;dramatic;extreme;spectacular;clear;obvious;simple;straightforward;blatant;flagrant;glaring | familiar;famous;well-known;notorious;common;rare;much-quoted;oft-quoted;often-quoted | illustrative;helpful;illuminating;instructive;useful;practical | concrete;hypothetical 这里面要是你有哪个词不认识，那就一定要背下来，然后写作文的时候用上，这样你就用了一些―别人可能不用的词汇‖，显得稍微superior 了一点。能够对 “example” 发出的动作有 : give;provide;contain;include;cite;draw;take(sth.a s);f i n d。而 “example” 能够发出的动作有 : abound;demonstrate;illustrate;show 等等。

也可以直接让― 例子‖ 发出动作，比如这样的情况： The behavior ofMeerkats giving alarm calls clearly/well exemplifies the existence ofaltruism.有很多个例子的时候，用这样的表达法： “A, B, C, and so on.” 或者 “A, B, C, and etc..”如果是口语表达，比较常用的有“..., and something like that.”或者“...a n d s t u f f l ike that.” 有的时候，你可能在举了很多个例子之后想说―...就更不用提了。‖ 或 者― 更不消说… … ‖，那用的表达法是：“ not to men t i o n...” 或者 “let alone...”。

举例子的时候，可以先举几个例子然后再概括一下；或者反过来，先概括 之后列举几个实例。所使用的结构分别是： “A such(B)as X, Y and Z” ； 或者 “X, Y, Z, and other A”。例如：

History, philosophy, fundamental mathematics, and other abstractsubjects can be learnt mainly from books.Some subjects, such abstract ones as history, philosophy, andfundamental mathematics, can be learnt mainly from books.有的时候，举例子可能需要做出限定或者指定，那可以用 “as” 这个词，例如：“ A narrow, confining room, as in a prison or convent, wouldmake anyone nuts.” 能够用丰富的例子说明问题其实是一种能力，关键在于平时的刻意积累。如果你有能力举出很多例子，那就需要这样的句型： Examples abound in history/our daily life that… Examples /instances are countless/innumerable/numerous Stories abound of alcoho l i c s who flush their daily pill down the t o i l e t or “cheek” it, only to dispose of it later.Similar examples of “nuptial gifts” abound throughout the anima l world.History/Our daily life/This world abounds in examples which demonstrate… The list will go on.The list would be endless if we try to make an inventory of such examples.The litany of drug damage goes on and on.The list of profit-making, instinct-exploiting products is long.Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits.如果你举的例子非常经典，又显而易见，不妨使用这个句型： Remember that...（相当于― 记得… … 吧？ ‖）

If we want to predict how aggressively a man will guard his wife, we need look no further than age.（… 想想 / 看看就可以了）Success requires a tenacious spirit and a drive to achieve.Nowhere is this more apparent in the entertainment business.Thousands of actors and actresses work tenaciously to have a career in the movies.But without beauty or talent, tenacity i s n ' t always rewarded, and only a few become stars.用最近发生的事情做例子：

An instance occurred recently in which…

如果举的例子是― 轶事‖、― 传说‖、― 某个学说‖ 之类的，那可以用这 样的句型： Legend/Gossip/Rumor/Words/A theory/A saying has it that...;As story goes:...;That's how the story goes.;或者Story goes...(g o e s 后面接完整的句子。例如： Story Goes Viral Alex Jones appears on CNN, poll says three-quarters plus support Sheen.)有的时候要用一些想象出来的例子说明问题，那用这些词开头： Consider;Imagine;Suppose;Say;Assume;或者在这些词后面直接 加上一个宾语或者一个宾语从句，比如 “Imagine a person who is worrying about his future.” 或者 “Suppose a person is worrying about his future.” 这样想象出来的 case，还可以用 sometimes , in some cases, in some specific cases 开头开始讲述。也可以用条件句型，“If…, ….” 或 者 “When…, ….” 以及，There are many cases in which…（有些情况 下… …）； There are moments when …（有些时候… …）；We all have met the cases in which…（我们都会遇到… … 的情况）； We all have moments when…（有些时候我们都会… …）… …

第三篇：2018河北省考申论写作好方法：材料分析法

作文总分论点寻找一直都是考生比较头疼的，也是考生在写作中最容易拉开差距的地方。中公教育专家建议大家要运用题干点睛法和材料分析法寻找文章立意。题干点睛法大多数考生都很容易把握，而材料分析法到底该如何运用确是很多考生十分困惑的。具体来说主要分为以下几步：

1.找准首要分析的材料

近几年申论材料的逻辑性比较强，整篇的材料一般的逻辑呈现形式主要分为分总、总分、并列、递进这几种形式，无论是什么样的逻辑呈现形式，总会有则材料是小题中没有用过的材料，对于这则材料就是我们首要分析的材料。

2.如何分析材料

将该篇材料的逻辑进行划分 到材料中“找词”：

核心词：首尾则材料中的核心词;中央文件中的核心词;权威观点中的核心词;材料反复出现的词;连续三个并列或递进关系的词语。例如16年副省级材料一中的“大国范儿”、“民族范儿”;17年副省中“无处不在”、“简单”、“变化多端”等提炼出分论点中的核心词，在把分论点进行优化，如“向水学习，学习水的简单，大道至简”

3.到材料中找句

与主题相关的、阐述主题内涵的、总结句;具有特殊句式的句子向排比、并列、递进的句子，想;例如17市地级材料五中“水还是真善美的化身、是哲学的本喻、是道德的载体、是智慧的展现”;16年副省级材料三中“还事关公民意识只自觉、民族素质的提高、民族文化精神的弘扬乃至中华民族的复兴大业”等这些特殊句式终都可提炼分论点，例如“学礼，以立公民意识之自觉”。4.到材料中找段

核心段：一般是首尾段、尤其是尾端。

以上这些词中容易寻找的文章的总论点，及相关的分论点 整合材料：

材料的整合我们上课时强调材料的逻辑思维导图，而对于考生来讲，此种操作方法较难，时间较久。因此可梳理整篇材料，对每则材料讲述的内容进行概括，提炼出每则材料的中心思想，从宏观的角度把握整篇材料，提炼相关观点，寻找分论点。

分论点不论从哪里寻找重点强调的就是一个“活”字，要开拓思维，防止思维固化，影响写作成绩。

第四篇：2013托福独立作文题库

2013托福独立作文题库

2013.01.12

An effective leader tries to make others feel that they have been part of making a decision.2013.01.13

Do you think your should make sure others(your leader or colleagues)know your strength and accomplishment, because it is the only way to be successful?

2013.01.26

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people today are more likely to help others than young people were in the past.2013.01.27

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Your job has more effect on your happiness than your living environment does.2013.03.02

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

In such a busy or crowded world, people shouldn't expect others to be polite to us.Use specific reasons and example to support your answer.2013.03.03

Do you agree or disagree：young people today are more likely to give time and effort to improving the world than young people were in the past.2013.03.16

Do you agree or disagree：Movies and TV programs made in one’s own country are more interesting than those made in other countries.2013.03.17

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

The best leaders are those who are willing to admit when they made bad decisions.2013.03.30

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Even though many people from different countries care about environment problems(pollution and global warming), the environmental situation can not be improved in the future.2013.04.14

Which of the following do you think contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation? Good Food，Good Location，Good Friends to travel with

2013.04.20

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should build more art museum or music performance than recreational facilities？

2013.05.11

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them.2013.05.18

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should support scientific research even though the research has no practical use.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013.05.26

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The personal and work-related challenges that young people face today are not very different from challenges that their parents and grandparents faced when they were young.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013.06.08

Do you agree or disagree with the statement? It is more fun to see a movie in a cinema(theater)with other people than see a movie at home.2013.06.15

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The way a person dresses is a good indication of his or her personality or character.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013.06.30(重复09.12.19NA）

Do you agree that people will feel happier if they have fewer possessions

2013.07.13

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Nowadays, neighbors depend on each other less than the people in the past

2013.07.14

Do you agree or disagree that in the past people were more friendly than they are today?

2013.07.20(重复09.08.07 NA)

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Parents spend too much time to help their children to determine their future;children should be allowed to make choices on their own.2013.07.21

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is impossible to always be honest to your friends.2013.08.17

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: University should spend more money supporting social activities rather than improving the food students eat.2013.08.24

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to have rules about the types of clothing that people are allowed to wear at work and at school.2013.08.25

1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is less important to eat with families regularly nowadays.2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Some scientists are responsible for the negative impacts that are made by their discoveries.2013.09.01

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only movies that can teach us something about real life is worth watching.2013.09.08

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To increase economic growth, the government should ignore environmental concerns.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013.09.14

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who keep their room neat and organized are more likely to be successful in the future.2013.09.28

When you are assigned an important presentation for work or school,you prefer to work on it right away so that you can work on it a little bit every day,or wait until you have a good idea about the presentation.2013.09.29

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

University students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.2013.10.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

In order to succeed, we should be more like others than be different from others.2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

People who move out of native village or town are more successful and happier than people who stay in their native village or town.2013.10.20Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Students can use their mobile phones to surf on the internet or listen to the music while doing their homework.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

It is always better to purchase in large stores than in several small shops that specialize in different items.2013.10.27

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?: Student activities do as much benefit as academic study.2013.11.02

Do you agree or disagree: it is better for people to have friends who are intelligent than to have friends who have a good sense of humor.2013.11.09

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Should parents spend more times playing games or doing sports with their children or should they spend more

time helping their children with their schoolwork?

2013.11.17

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People learn about one person from books and movies that person like

2013.11.23

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers’ performance should be evaluated by students rather than by other teachers.2013.11.24

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People live in the countryside are happier than those live in the city.2013.12.01

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: All school teachers should take courses every five years to update their knowledge.2013.12.07

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playground.2013.12.15

1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People now show less respect to teachers than in the past.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is easier to maintain good health than in the past?

第五篇：托福综合独立写作提纲

Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries.Why do some students study abroad?

1, first of all, students want to absorb advanced knowledge

1.1 America owns many famous universities all over the world, which attract most overseas students to come.1.2 students in some developing countries,such as China, Indina, decide to study abroad.For example,(In china, a research shows that more and more students decide to study abroad for further education rather than receive education in the native college)

2, what’s more, studying abroad can broaden their horizen

2.1 studying abroad provides people more chances to have access to different cultures and scenes For example, different scenes,such as()can make people more enjoyable;

different cultures can give people flesh feeling

3, In addition, students do not like the education system in native country

3.1 every country has its education syste

m, it may not be suitable to every students

3.2 some students choose to study abroad to find a more benefiting system

For example, my roomate donnot like the grade-depend system in my country…..Playing computer games is a waste of time.Children should not be allowed to play them.1,First of all, playing computer games really took up lots of times of children.1.1 with the development of technoloy, computer has become more and more popular.1.2 lots of childrens obessed in the computer games

For example, my little brother…..2, However, we should not neglect the active part of the computer games which can help children relexed.2.1 children experience heavy burden of homework

2.2 playing computer games can help them relieve the pressure from study.For instance,3, Furthermore, some computer games can help children develop their intelletual.3.1 lots of computer games can cultivate quick reaction of children

3.2 they can learn the spirit of cooperation in some computer games

One research shows that people who like playing computer games in childish do a better in their future career than people who kept away from the computer games in the childish.In general, as parents or teachers, we should not restrict children to play computer games.We can control the time children spend on the computer games to make sure the computer games will not affect their academic performance.Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals.Do you agree or disagree with this point of view.1, First of all, with the increasing of world population, human need lots of land for farmland, housing and industry.Especially in the developing countries, the pursuit of more profits lead people to exploit more and more land for human using.For example, in China, …

2, However, we should not neglect the importance of saving land for endangered animals.2.1 Lot of animal habitat were taken up by human, which caused the decrease of animal.Take the

Siberian Tiger for example….2.2 meanwhile, animals are more vunerable than human to adapt the environment.Such as water pollution…..3, Furthermore, endangered animals play an important role ecosystem, which means we should try our best to protect them.3.1 Endangered animals can increase the diversity of the species.3.2 Keep the balance of ecosystem

3.3 In addition ,they could provide lots of research value for human.Medicine …..In general, we should not obtain the short term benefit in the way of sacrificing the long term benefit.So I think saving land for endangered animals is as important as human needs.