第一篇：大学英语写作十二句作文法
十二句作文法
大学英语四、六级考试写作的评分依据是：文章切题、条理清楚、语言准确和字数符合要求。所谓切题就是看你写的作文跑不跑题。所谓条理是指每一段的议论的正反清楚，说明的几个方面清楚，描述的时间正确。语言准确要求作文的语法词汇使用正确，符合英语表达习惯。
四、六级的作文的字数要求是四级不少于100字，六级不少于120字。针对四、六级考试的作文要求我们提出了十二句作文法，这里所说的十二句作文法不仅包括一般英文写作的方法而且包括我们在多年考试辅导和阅卷中所总结出来的一套行之有效的写作方法。它的具体内容有以下几点。
一、审题
我们拿到作文后第一件要做的事就是审题。审题的作用在于使你的写作不跑题(如果跑题，条理和语言再好，也得不到及格分，甚至0分)那么审题要审什么呢?
1.体裁(议论文、说明文、描述文)
审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。那么体裁包括哪些呢?就四、六级考试而言，它包括议论文、说明文和描述文。从近些年来看，四、六级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的杂合体。例如有一次四级作文题是这样出的：
Directions：
For this you’re your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student． You should write at 1east 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below：
(1)做合格大学生的必要性
(2)做合格大学生的必备条件(可从德、智、体等方面谈)
(3)我打算这样做
很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。我们认为说：它是议论文是片面的。因为，第一段要求写“……必要性”，这说明本段体裁是议论文；第二段要求写“……必备条件”，这说明本段要求写说明文；而第三段要求写“……这样做”，说明本段要求写的是描述文。所以我们说在大多数情况下，四、六级作文是三种体裁的杂
合体。
2.根据不同体裁确定写作方法
我们审题的目的就在于根据不同的体裁来确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们可以看出四、六级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论文、第二段为说明文、第三段为描述文。议论文有议论文的写作方式、说明文有说明文的写作方式、描述文也有它自身的写作特点。
第一段为议论文：它的写作特点是要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两面来论述。例如上面题目的第一段的写作思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样(这是从正面论述)；不能做到合格大学生，会怎么样(从反面论述)；所以我们要做合格的大学生(结论)。
第二段为说明文：它的写作特点是从几方面或几条来说明一个问题，就跟机器的说明书一样，通过1、2、3说明它的用途。就上面的作文而言，我们可从三个方面(德、智、体)来说明做合格大学生的必备条件。
第三段为描述文：以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。跟上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词。该段的描述要与第二段相呼应。
二、确定主题句
通过审题，我们知道该如何确定写作的思路。下边我们就谈怎么样写。第一步就是要写主题句。主题句是确保不跑题的前提，只有不跑题才有可能得及格分。写主题句最保险的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。例如上述作文的三段主题句分别为：
1.It is very necessary to be a good university student.(议论文主题句)
2.There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(说明文的主题句)
3．What I will do in the future is the following．(描述文的主题句)
如果要求句是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句，例如这样的一篇作文：Good Health
1．Importance of good health
2．Ways to keep fit
3．My own practice
这样的作文的要求句就可以扩展成主题句。扩展后三段的主题句分别为：
1.It is very important to have good health.(将名词importance变成形容词important)
2.There are four ways to keep fit for me.(用there be句型)
3.My own practices are the following．(采用原词)
三、确保文章条理清楚
保证不跑题是写作当中第一重要任务，第二个重要任务就是要做到条理清楚。对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚。对于说明文来说，1、2、3条要清楚，对于描述文来说，谁干什么要清楚。就拿上例Good Health来说，第一段保证正反面要清楚就应这样写：主题句(It is very important to have good health．)正面句(With good health，we can．．．)，反面句(Without good health
we can do nothing.We can’t do．．．).第二段应当这样写：主题句(There are four ways to keep fit．)，从几方面说明：First，we should have our break fast in the morning．
Second, we should have a nap at noon．
Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon．
And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listeningto the music．．．)
为了使文章更具条理性，我们可以用first（ly），second(ly)，third(ly)等副词，他们可以使文章的条理性十分突出。作文是主观性题，要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考虑进去。评卷老师的时间很短(每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完)，所以我们在列条条时最好不用：
To begin with，……After that，……And then，……The next，……The following……At last……。因为用这样的词语不利于阅卷老师看出你作文的条理性。
第三段应当这样写：主题句(My own practices are the following．)具体情况(主语为第一人称代词I，与第二段呼应)
In the morning，I have my breakfast．
At noon，I have a nap．
And in the afternoon，I always play football．
In the evening，I usually listen to the classic music．
四、保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法
在四、六级考试中考生一定希望既让作文达到字数要求又不至于写得太多，因为写得太多，一方面会更多地暴露自己的语言上的弱点，另一方面又会占用过多的宝贵时间。写得太多还容易使写作跑题。解决这些问题的一个有效的办法就是采用十二句作文法。
我们知道，四、六级作文大都是三段式。我们算一下，如果我们在每一段中写上四句话，即主题句加两, 三句扩展句和一个结论句就可以了。这样全篇在十二句左右。每一句十多个字，这样就是120-150宇。同时，我们也提醒大家，不能写得太多，写得多容易跑题。在写作时，我们要横向写作，即写某一问题的横段面。例如，上面讲到健康的重要性时，我们只写四句就可以了。第一句主题句，第二句从正面论述，第三句从反面论述，第四句为结论句。但有的同学在写的时候说“健康非常重要，”然后就写“吃波菜非常重要”，因为菠菜含有丰富的铁，铁对人是非常重要的，因为……。这样的作文的基本模式是A-BB-CC-DD-正以此类推。这就叫流水账，没有中心。我们写作时要根据横段面去写，而不要写成流水账。避免写成流水账的方法是不要就前一句中的一个非重点词再进行描述。而要对主题句从横段面去写，写完一个横段面就不要再对这一横段面进行阐述了，应当去写另一个横段面。
如果我们感觉字数不够，就在每一句或某些句子上添加些词语就行了。例如我们感觉上边第二段不够长，就可以这样来加词：
主题
句 There are four ways to keep fit．There are four or more ways to keep fit for everyone of us．从几方面说明：
First，we should have our breakfast in the morning．
Firstly，we should have our breakfast，such as milk，eggs，bread and so on，in the morning．
Second，we should have a nap at noon．
Second，we should have a short nap，even 30 minutes，at noon．Thirdly，sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon．
Thirdly, sports exercises are necessary for everyone and we can
do some sports exercises in the afternoon．
And fourth，we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening tomusic．
And fourthly，we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to both popularand classic music．
这样一来，我们只要保持本句的主题不变，添加一些次要词就能达到字数的规定标准。综上所述，如果我们按以上几个步骤和方法去写作文，就可以保证及格以上的分数。
第二篇：大学英语写作
常用写作句型
1现象解释型
模板一
⑴According to the chart/graph/ table/ picture, it is clear that 图表/画内容总概括.⑵The chart/graph/ table/picture shows.⑶Many reasons contribute to 现象概括.⑷To begin with, 原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹Moreover, 原因二.⑺In addition, 原因三.⑻As a result, 段落总结句.⑼As to me, I think 我的观点/态度/建议.⑽ First of all, 理由一.⑾ Besides, 理由二.⑿To conclude, 模板二
Topic
⑴From the chart/graph/ table/picture, we learn that nowadays, 总述社会现象/事实现象, which has aroused the great /common concern.⑵what impresses me most is.⑶That are many reasons accounting for.⑷First of all,原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹ What is more, 原因二.⑺ For example, 举例说明原因二.⑻ In addition, 原因三.⑼As far as I am concerned, 我的观点.⑽For one thing/On one hand 理由一.⑾ For another/ On the other hand,.⑿Thus/In brief/Taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that….常用句型
⑴As is described in the chart/graph/table/picture, in the past few decades, there have arisen sharp increase in…如图中所示，在过去的几十年中，……急剧增长。
⑵The chart/graph/table/picture describes that the figure declines/falls smoothly/markedly, it indicates that…
图表显示数字下降平缓/明显，这表明……
⑶In the chart/graph/table/picture, we can seen that there was a slight/ marked fluctuation.It reveals that…
在图表中，我们可以看到有细微/很明显的波动，这表明…
⑷Recently, the problems of …has become the focus of the public concern.近来，…问题引起公众极大的关注。
⑸There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/ are responsible for/ explain… …可能是好几个因素造成的结果。
⑹There may be several possible reasons for which will be demonstrated below.可能有几个原因导致了我们下面所要阐述的问题。
⑺It’s no easy /simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factors.要解释该现象产生的原因并不容易，因为其中涉及到很多复杂的因素。
⑻ Among all the important/convincing reasons for…,one should be emphasized… 在所有重要/有力的原因中，我们应当重点关注…
2问题解决型
模板一
Topic
⑴It is well-known that 相关背景, but nowadays 总述不良现象或问题.⑵现象具体表现一.⑶现象的具体表现二.⑷It should be paid attention to that 该现象 is causing great harm/该现象 is caused for many reasons.⑸On one hand, ⑹On the other hand,.⑺Therefore, it is high time that ⑻First of all, 解决方法一.⑼进一步阐述方法一.⑽Secondly/In addition, 解决方法二.⑾Thirdly/Besides/Morever.解决方法三.⑿Only in this way can we解决问题.模板二
Topic
⑴There has been a discussion recently about 事实现象.⑵ It is obvious that 危害一/作用一.⑶ Additionally, 危害二/作用二.⑷So how to 解决问题is worth paying attention to.⑸On one hand/ Firstly, 解决方法一.⑹进一步阐述方法二⑺On the other hand/Secondly,解决方法二.⑻For example,支持该方法的例子.⑼In addition/ Thirdly, 解决方法三.⑽In fact, more than three ways can be adopted.⑾As for me, 我的思考或看法.⑿All in all, 总结全文.常用句型
⑴It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.⑵There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to…
⑶There is no immediate solution to the problem of…,but …might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity of…might be the first step.⑷In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts to… ⑸To conclude, we can see the best way is…
⑹Following these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to…, but the payoff will be worth the effort.3对比选择型
模板一
Topic
⑴Different people have different views on看法/问题.⑵Somme prefer 一种看法观点.⑶Others tend to.⑷As for me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.⑸Of course, 我不赞同的观点的合理性.⑹For example, 支持其合理性的例子.⑺But 我不赞同的观点的不足.⑻The following reason can account for your preference.⑼The main reason is that 支持观点的理由一.⑽ A good example to illustrate is that 支持理由一的例子.⑾In addition/ What’s more,支持观点的理由二.⑿For the foregoing, 重申观点.模板二
Topic
⑴When it comes to事物/问题, different people will offer different opinions.⑵Some people take it for granted that 观点一.⑶In their opinion, 观点一的理由一.⑷Besides, 观点一的理由二.⑸However, others hold that观点二.⑹They maintain that 观点二的理由一.⑺And 观点二的理由二.⑻Weighing up these two arguments, I am for 观点一/观点二.⑼ On one hand, 理由一.⑽ On the other hand, ⑾ For instance, 举例说明理由二.⑿ Therefore, as stated above, 常用句式
⑴ There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of …Some argue that …,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue.⑵ In response to the problem, some people believe…,in their minds,…Other maintain that…, in their eyes,…
⑶ Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.⑷ In conclusion, it is clear that
4观点论证型
模板一
⑴ It is true that 普遍的观点.⑵ However, 不同的观点/现象.⑶ I think,我的观点.⑷ 理由或其他论据 can be listed as follows.⑸ Firstly，论据一.⑹ Secondly, 论据二.⑺ For example, 支持论据二的事例.⑻ Thirdly, 论据
三.⑼ A case in point is 支持论据三的事例.⑽ There is no doubt that 重申观点.⑾ Therefore, 与该观点相符的做法.⑿ In a word, 总结全文.模板二
Topic
⑴ Many people believe that 社会现象/事实.⑵The truth is deep and profound.⑶ As we all know,具体表现一.⑷ In addition, 具体表现二.⑸ There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑹ A case in point is 阐述第一个例子⑺ For another example, 引出并说明第二个例子.⑻ Moreover, 阐述第三个例子.⑼All mentioned above that tells us that重申观点.⑽ But(One thing we have to notice is that)提出个人建议.⑾ In short,总结全文.常用句式
⑴ It is well known that …plays an important part in…
⑵ It is believed that …
⑶ There are many reasons explaining …
⑷ From what has been mentioned above, we may safely come to the conclusion that …
5应用文
⑴建议信模板
Date
Dear ___________,⑴ I am delighted to learn that _________.⑵ It____________.⑶ In my opinion, ________.⑷ On one hand,_________.⑸ On the other hand,_________.⑹ As to ________, I suggest ___________.⑺ If__________.⑻ It is unnecessary for you to _____________.⑼ In addition, ________________.⑽ I am sure _______________.⑾ Please inform me _________________.⑿ I amlooking forward to __________.Sincerely yours,Signature
常用句式
⑴ I would like to suggest that …/ I am writing with my suggestion that…
⑵ You have asked me for my advice with regard to …and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.⑶ If I were you, I would…
⑷ As you may agree that...⑸ I hope you will find these suggestions helpful/ practical/ useful.⑹ I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.⑺ I would be happy to see improvements in this regard.⑻ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.⑵倡议书模板
Date
Dear________,⑴ I am writing this letter to call on ____________to ____________.⑵ As some of you may know,___________.⑶ In fact,___________.⑷It is necessary for us to___________.⑸ On one hand,__________.⑹ On the other hand, ______________.⑺ However,___________________.⑻So it is high
time_____________________.⑼ Firstly, ________________.⑽Secondly, _______________.⑾ If you are willing to ____________, please ______________.⑿ Join us in the action and extend ________into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties.Thank you.⑶求职信模板
Date
Dear_______,⑴ I am applying for the position of _________advertised in _________.⑵ I major in
_____.⑶ My training in ________definitely meet your qualifications.⑷ My complete resume is attached.⑸ I will graduate on____________ from_________.⑹ In addition to the required courses of this program, I have_________.⑺ I also have some experience in ___________.⑻ I believe my training and experience _________________.⑼ You will find me to be ________________⑽ I hope that you will consider me for your position.⑾ May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑿ I can be reached by telephone __________.Sincerely yours,Signature
常用句式
⑴ I am writing to apply for the post of …advertised in …
⑵ In reply to your advertisement in…, I beg to apply for the post …in your company.⑶ I feel I have the qualifications and experiences needed for the position of …
⑷ I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request.⑸ I hope I may be granted an interview when I can explain my qualification more fully.⑹ It seems that my experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of…in your firm.
第三篇：大学英语写作模版
（1）模版一There is no consensus among the people as to the view of(主题).Some people hold the idea that(观点A).A case in point is that(支持观点A的例子).On the other hand, others may have a quite different view.According to them,(观点B).The most typical example is that(支持观点B的例子).Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter.Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some
extent, but the latter is more convincing.2）模版二(主题)is a common occurrence in our lives.The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person.Some people tend to ______when they are asked(观点A)because(支持观点A的原因).The most typical example is that(支持观点A的例子).However, others argue that(观点B).They point out that(重申观点B)for the reason that(支持观点B的原因).As far as I am concerned, I will choose to(你的观点)because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.2）My View 型（1）模版一 When asked about(主题), some people hold the idea that 观点A).As far as they are concerned,(展开观点A).But I could not agree with them in several points.In my opinion,(观点B).The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.In the first place,(支持观点B的理由1).In the second place,(支持观点B的理由2).In the third place,(支持观点B的理由3).For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe(重申观点B).（2）模版二 Some people believe that(观点A).For instance, they hold the idea that(支持观点A的例子).And it may bring them（A带给他们的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,(我不同意的理由1).For another,(我不同意的理由2).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, I agree to the thought that(重申自己的观点).3）利弊型（1）模版一Nowadays many people prefer(主题)because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.On the one hand,(主题的优点1).On the other hand,(主题的优点2).But everything can be divided into two.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that(主题的缺点1).To make matters
worse,（主题的缺点2).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(主题)itself is
neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.（2）模版二With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon of(主题现象)is an example of the former / latter one.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.To start with,(原因1).Furthermore,(原因2).Eventually,(原因3).Good as(主题现象)is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages.The apparent example is that(缺点例子1).In addition,(缺点例子2).On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate(主题现象)and make our life more comfortable.图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More
importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for
quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).提纲式作文 1.对立观点式 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing（X）.They point out the fact that 支持（X）的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持（X）的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do（X）.They firmly point out that 反对（X）的第一个理由。An eample can give the details of this argument:
There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of（X）overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about,（X）also may（X）的有一个坏处。
2.批驳观点式Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个
例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观
点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3.社会问题(现象)式 Nowadays, there exists an increasinglyserious social/economic/ environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common
concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..辩论式议论文模版
模版1Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1.More importantly, 论据2.Most important of all, 论据3.In summary, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测.模版2People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the
former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据1.For another, 论据2.Last but not the least, 论据3.To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.模版3There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 论据1。Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.(I)说明原因型模块
Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX
It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon
(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注释: 1:XX的第一个优点 2:支持XX的做法 3:不支持XX的做法
4:XX的第二个优点 5:举例证明优点二 6:说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文:The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your
enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that
(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).(I)说明原因型模块(2)
In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind
people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has
caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from,children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what
programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合].It is estimated that [相关数据].Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [解决办法一].On the other hand, [解决办法二].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象].为便于读者理解，我特意用这个模板，写了一篇关于ghost writer(捉刀代笔的枪手)的示范性小作文，请您观摩一下。
Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 枪手] in [China's examinations / 中国的考场].It is estimated that [5％ examinees are ghost writers / 5％的应试者是枪手].Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 枪手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主无知].Besides,[hirers' indolence / 雇主懒惰].The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主迟钝].To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 枪手] is due to [hirers' low IQ / 雇主智商低].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打].On the other hand, [decapitation / 斩首].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 枪手].（I）说明原因型
模块
（一）Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that(1).Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(2).Besides,(3).The third reason is(4).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to(5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing ,(6).On the other hand ,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the
number of XX.Generation gap between parents and children
Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and
children which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that(75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children
usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?
Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(the two generations,having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them).Besides(due to having little in common to
talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face).The third reason is(with the
pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum
up ,the main cause of XX is due to(lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing(children should respect their parents).On the other hand ,(parents also should show solicitue for
their children).All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.（I）说明原因型 模块（2）In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all ,(3).Then , there comes a case that(4).Moreover ,(5).Especiallywhen(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remindpeople that(7).In this way ,we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television
In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels.It has
caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all ,(with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much
exercise as they should).Then , there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their
ability to achieve in school).Moreover ,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV
viewing).In this way ,children will not be influented too deeply.（I）说明原因型 模块（3）
Currently,XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result , your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your
plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon
(6).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(7).注释：： XX的第一个优点 2： 支持XX的做法 3：不支持XX的做法 4：XX的第二个优点
5：举例证明优点二6：说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文：
The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuablethan self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power
to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome
difficulties), as a result , your dreams willcome true.On the contrary,if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that
you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。
It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light
when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect
that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and
self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound
influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(he that can have
self-confidence can have what he will).综合运用篇
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)
As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....随着社会的发展，人们开始关注.....As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。
展现问题篇
Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近来，是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。
At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。
People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer...说到___，有人认为____，而另一些人则认为___。
There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of..There who criticize...argue that..., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that...目前，___问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为___，他们认为____，不过，另一方面，赞同__的人则认为___。
1、常用与开头的短语、句式
（1）with the（rapidly）growing popularity of（computers/private cars）in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。
（3）With the development of（science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …
（4）Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).（5）Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China.some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…
（6）There are some reasons for owning(private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,…Second,…Finally,…
（7）There are many advantages and disadvantages in(owning a car).（8）There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
（9）Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…
（10）The possible solutions of(the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors…
（11）The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products)are…
2．常用于结尾的短语、句式
（1）It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to。。
（2）To conclude，we can see that（the best way/the possible solution）is。。
（3）In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。
（4）In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to。。
（5）In a word，there are three suggestions we must follow，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。
（6）It is time for us to take an active part in。。
（7）Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）
1．表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．
2．表示好处1）It has the following advantages．2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmfulto us．
例： However，everything dividesinto two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．
例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5．表示措施1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．
例： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
第四篇：大学英语写作
1.对立观点式
A．有人认为#是好事，赞成#，为什么？
B．有人认为# 是坏事，反对#，为什么？
C．我的看法。
模板:
With the development of our society, # has increasingly become a common concern of the public.(可再加一句情况说明)
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing #.They point out the fact that 支持# 的第一个原因.They also argue that 支持# 的另一个原因.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do #.They firmly point out that 反对# 的第一个理由.What’s more, 反对# 的第二个理由.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of#/doing # 的好处overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(结尾一段也可选用这种方式:
Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of #/doing # 的好处, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)
Colleges Have Opened Their Doors Wider With the development of our society, the fact that colleges have opened their doors wider has increasingly become a common concern of the public.Some people are in favor of the idea of opening the colleges’ doors wider.They point out the fact that it allows more students to pursue higher education.They also argue that it will provide more talents for our society.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to open the colleges’ doors wider.They firmly point out that it will be much harder for the graduates to find a job.What’s more, it will lead to a social problem.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of
opening the colleges’ doors wider overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(141 words)(结尾一段也可选用这种方式: Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of opening the colleges’ doors wider, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)(141 words)
2.社会问题(现象)式
A．一个社会问题或者现象
B．产生的原因
C．我的看法。
Work in the Countryside(positive)
1.许多大学毕业生自愿到农村工作
2.出现这种现象的原因
3.我的看法
Work in the Countryside With more and more university graduates in our society, how to find a good job has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that many university graduates would like to work in the countryside.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that with more and more university students graduating each year, the job market competition becomes more and more fierce, and many graduates cannot find jobs in the cities.Secondly, most villages that are trying to employ university graduates have developed well.It makes mot much difference whether to work in the countryside or in the city.Last but not least, some university graduates who come from the
countryside are eager to go back home to contribute to the construction of their hometown.Based on the above reasons, I think university graduates should go to work where they are needed most and where they can make full use of their talents.Working in the countryside can be truly an advisable(明智的)choice.(170 words)Misleading News(negative)
1.当今社会虚假新闻越来越多
2.分析出现这种现象的原因
3.呼吁社会改变这种不智之举
With the development of our society, misleading news has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that there are more and more misleading news in our society.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that there are more and more modern communication tools in the world, misleading news can easily spread.Secondly, some journalists would like to draw public attention and increase the sales by publishing misleading news.Last but not least, the public would like to share some interesting news which may be misleading.Based on the above discussions, I think we should take action to prevent misleading news.Think twice before we speak can be truly an advisable choice.(124 words)
3.应用文
写信:感谢信, 投诉信，道歉信,邀请信,申请(贷款、入学、求职)，请求别人帮忙（写推荐信，搜查资料)
Dear Sir or Madam,(不知是谁的情况下，如果有要求写给谁要写上具体的名称)
I am a student/customer who….I am writing to thank you for/complain about/apologize for/invite you to do/apply for/ask for your help to do sth.描述过程或原因.When I …, I was really thankful/upset/sorry /honored/interested/upset.I sincerely hope that ….If you can…, I will be really….I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily
A Letter to Apply for a Student Loan
1.介绍你的个人情况
2.申请助学贷款的原因、数额及用途
3.如何保证专款专用以及你的还款
Dear Sir or Madam,I am a sophomore in Peking University who majors in Engineering.I am writing to apply for a student loan of 2,000 yuan.It is hard for me to make the application, but I have to.Last year both my parents were laid off, and what’s worse, three weeks ago my mother was discovered to have caught a serious disease.Therefore, I could not get support for my study form my family any more.When I knew that I have the opportunity to apply for the student loan, I was really happy and excited.So I immediately write this letter to you to ask for your help.I sincerely hope that I can get the loan.I promise that all the money will go to my tuition and fees for the next year, and I will repay it within four years, that is, one year after my graduation.If you can grant my application, I will be really grateful.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily
(166 words)
4.图表作文模板
图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。图表的类型主要有：圆形（饼型）图（pie chart）、柱形图(直型图)（graph）、曲线图（chart）和数据统计表(表格)（table）。① 描述图表 ②分三方面解释原因 ③下结论
1)As can be seen from the in______.During the period from _______to _______, ________rose from ________to _______, while _______ decreased from _______ to _______.2)We believe that there are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To begin with,____.Secondly, ____.Last but not least, _____.3)In conclusion, ______.We can imagine that _____.范文： Health Gains in Developing Countries
1．以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(1ife expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况
2．说明引起变化的各种原因
1960 1990
Health Gains in Developing Countries
life expectancy of developing 40 years nearly 60 years, infant
develops quickly in developing countries during this period, and living quality improves the development of national health care systems.When they become richer and richer, they care more about personal health conditions.medical sciences also develop at a fantastic speed, and it is much safer for mothers to give birth.the situations in developing countries are changing for the better.(169 words)
注:还须注意今年的热点问题,如:就业(有关词汇如: graduate, apply for, applicant, candidate等);经济问题(有关词汇如: the financial
crisis/tsunami等);或城市交通问题等.
第五篇：中考英语三段式作文法
中考英语三段式作文法
重点诠释 ：
所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。就整体篇章结构而言，如何把握较大的写作空间，三段式的写作模式为最佳选择。三段式的模式写法通常为：
1.第一段开门见山，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者把时间，地点，人物和主要事件及时点出。
2.第二段要摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。
3.最后一段，得出结论或理由。
注意：要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂 ”。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散，层次分明，表意不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连贯流畅。常用的过渡词有：
递进型： also,(and)besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, what’s worse, worse still, to make matters worse, for the worse, not only„but also等;
解释型：that is(to say), in other words, or, namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等;
转折型：however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary,on the other hand 等;
列举型：firstly„secondly„finally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等 举例型：for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take„ for example等;
因果型：because(of), since, now that, thanks to, due to;thus, therefore, as a result(consequence),so„ that, so that等;
让步型：though, although, in spite of, despite 等;
顺序型：first„next„and then„finally, first„then„after that„finally 等;
并列型：and, both„and, or, either„or, as well as, 等
时间型：afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ on doing, hardly„when, no sooner„than 等
总结型：in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等
见解型：in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned,I’m sure 等
条件型：if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等
写作典例 ：
假设你是李越，你的加拿大笔友Steve来信说，他和他的一些同学正在学中文，请你推荐两本学中文的词典。根据下表提供的信息，请你给他写一封回信。
英汉词典 新华字典
收词
(字)18000(英语)
20000(汉语)10000
价格 52元 11元
特点 大量例子，用法说明，适合初学者 中国最常用的汉语字典
注意：
1.词数：80左右;
2.参考词汇：推荐recommend;英汉词典The English-Chinese Dictionary(ECE);
新华字典 Xinhua Dictionary(XD)
Dear Steve，_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Yours
Li Yue
分析：此篇书面表达属于实物说明文，其篇章结构可按三段式进行写作。本文的第一段，可用直接的叙述“I’m so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese”.正文即可作为第二段，其主要内容是对两本词典的一些介绍。结束语即可作为第三段。应将两本词典的特点表达准确，以便加拿大笔友 Steve作出合理选择。表达时，文章的基本时态可考虑用一般现在时。
范文：
Dear Steve，I’m so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese.I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries.The English-Chinese Dictionary is really a good one for beginners.It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words, besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word.Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary fo 10,000 words.It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese.Of the two, ECD is more expensive.It costs 52 yuan,and XD costs 11 yuan.Please let me know if you want me to buy one for you.Yours，Li Yue
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