专业英语【神总结】

第一篇：专业英语【神总结】

词语翻译

band width 带宽

flip-flop、trigger(触发器)

diode(二极管)、triode(三极管)triple（3倍）、capacitor(电容)vacuum tube 真空管、电子管 transistor晶体管

integrated circuit（IC）集成电路 electron tubes 电子管 impetus 动力

resistors 电阻器、电阻（复数）RADAR.雷达 computers

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)核磁共振 computed axial tomography 轴向计算层析成像

技术 X-rays

three-dimensional images 三维图像 Circuit and System 电路与系统

Analog and Digital Circuits Design模电与

数电设计

Radio Receiver Circuit 无线接收机电路、收音机电路

Basic concepts 基本概念 neutron 中子protons 质子

electric conductivity 导电性 free electrons自由电子 electric current电流

Signal and System 信号与系统

Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理 Speech Signal Processing 语音信号处理 continuous-time 连续时间 discrete-time离散时间

signal energy and power 信号能量与功率 transform …into… 转变成…、转换成…described….as…被描述为…、说成是… sensoryadj.感觉的, 感官的vibrationsn.振动, 颤动, 摇动, 摆动 ubiquitousadj.无处不在的, 普遍存在的 utilityn.效用, 有用

weight function权值函数、加权函数 approximatev.近似, 接近， 约计

integraln.[数学] 积分, 完整, 部分 sparse matrix matrices稀疏矩阵 invariantadj.无变化的, 不变的seriesn.系列、串联

delayv.耽搁, 延迟, 延期, 迟滞 transitionn.转变, 跃迁, 过渡, 变调 suboptimumadj.次优的attenuationn.衰减

Windowed Fourier Transform（WFT）

窗口傅立叶变换 multiplying 乘法的、倍增的 matrix矩阵factored into 分解成hardware, firmware, and software 硬件、固件

和软件

Fast Fourier Transform、FFT快速傅立叶变换 The Speech Signal 语音信号 Signal Processing信号处理

Digital Speech Processing 数字语音处理 characterizevt.特征化,提取…特征 encryption加密 cipher密码

enciphern.[计] 加密、加密器 decryption解密

deciphern.[计] 解密

encode、decode编码、译码 queryv.询问, 表示怀疑 transactionn.办理, 交易, 事务

Electromagnetic Fields Theory 电磁场理论 Antenna 天线

feed point 馈电点、供给点 waveguide 波导

transmission line 传输线 nonisotropic 各向异性的 narrow main lobe 窄主瓣 broad main lobe宽主瓣 satellite TV卫星电视

electromagnetic waves 电磁波

wireless wide area networks(WWAN)无线广域网

wireless personal area networks(WPAN)无线个域网 Bluetooth 蓝牙

Ultra-wideband(UWB)超宽带

Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance

()多路复用和碰撞避免 back haul空载传输、回送

Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM)全球移动通信系统

Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA)码分多路复用

parallel paths平行路径 industry standards 工业标准 WLAN 无线局域网 IEEE 801.11b standard

国际电气与电子工程师学会801.11b标准

microwave 微波

carrier frequency 载波频率 forward direction 正向

client/server network主从网，客服网 DNSDomain Name System域名系统 peer-to-peer network对等网 user authentication用户认证 Local Area Network(LAN).Wide Area Network(WAN).CSMA/CD 载波侦听多路访问 packet switching.包交换

invited session proposal邀请会话提议

2．When we Consider the fact that the transfer functions of the neurons in the output layer are linear, we solve the problem with system of linear equations.因为输出层神经元的激活函数是线性的，我 们用线性方程组来求解该问题。

Thus for a fixed signal power and in the presence of white Gaussian noise the channel capacity approaches an upper limit.因此，对于一定的信号功率，且存在白高斯噪声时，信道容量将趋近于上限值。

The presence or absence(or, alternatively, the sign)of pulses in a group of pulses is made to depend, in a some what arbitrary manner, on message samples.或许从属性的角度来说，在每组脉冲中激发或中断脉冲电流，都取决于消息样本。

Electronic amplifiers are used mainly to increase the voltage, current, or power of a signal.电子放大器主要放大信号的电压、电流及功率。

句子翻译

The signal levels inside power-amplifiers are so much larger than these weak inputs that even the slightest ―leakage‖ from the out-put back to the in-put may cause problem.功率放大器中的信号幅度比微弱的输入信号大得多，即使输出的极微小的泄露传输到输入端都会引发一些问题。

1．If there were no attraction between the proton and the electron, the electron would fly away from the proton in a straight line.倘若质子和电子之间不存在引力，电子就会沿直线飞离质子。

2.Suppose f(x)is periodic continuous.设f(x)是周期连续函数。

1．Using of neural models can make simulation and optimization process less time-consuming, shifting much computation from on-line optimization to off-line training.采用神经网络建模可节省仿真和优化的时间，将在线优化转为离线训练。

Operational amplifiers(op-amps), built with integrated circuitsand consisting of DC-coupled, multistage, linear amplifiersare popular for audio amplifiers.运算放大器内建直流耦合多级线性放大集成电路，它（该元件）广泛用于音频放大器。

the largest early computers occupied a volume of hundreds of cubic metersand requiredmany tens of kilowatts of electrical powerand a sizable air conditioning installationto allow this amount of energy to be dissipatedwithout raising the room temperature to unbearable values.例如，早期最大的计算机要占据成百立方，需要几十kW的电源和一个相当大的空调设备，目的是来消除大量的热，而不让室温过高。

It can be shown that a system using a three-level code must have a signal-to-noise ratio of 8.5 dB, or 3.7 dB greater, for equal performance in the same channel.这表明对于相同的信道特性，使用三级编码的系统信噪比为8.5分贝, 或高于3.7分贝。

Let the forward–path transfer function be given by the linear difference equation.设前向传递函数由下列线性差分方程给出。

Taking the former view gives a good insight into the behavior of the quantization error.前面的讲解使我们更好地理解量化误差的特性。（或者：

前述讲解使得量化误差特性更好理解。）

eg.2．由动词派生的名词转译成动词。

Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已用来探索宇宙。火箭已用于对宇宙的探索。

eg.14Most satellites are designed to burn up themselves after completing mission.按照设计大部分卫星在完成任务后自行燃烧。一般卫星的设定为完成任务后自燃销毁Eg19 Both compounds are acids, the former is strong while the latter is weak.The adj.这两种都是酸。前者是强酸，后者是弱酸。Alloy steel is stronger and harder than carbon steel.译文：合金钢的强度和硬度比碳钢大。（形容词转化为名词）

eg.23 The performance was a success.我们的演出很成功60。执行结果很成功。eg.25 We must make full use of exiting technical equipment.我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。我们必须对现有技术设备进行充分利用。我们必须让现有技术设备得到充分利用。2．由于英语中的动词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语名词，所以修饰该动词的副词转译成形容词。

eg.26 This film im-pressed him deeply.这部电影给了他深刻的印象。这部电影给他印象很深

eg.28 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。95 只要一看到潜在的反对者，他的本能就是用魅力和风趣赢得这人。90

eg.10The acquaintance of science means mastering the law of nature.译文：认识科学意味着掌握自然规律。（名词转化为动词）

I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.译文：有可能是氧气设备和或|引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。

eg.4While stars and nebulae look like specks or small patches of light, they are really enormous bodies.译文：星星们看起来是小光斑，但其实是巨大的天体。

eg.16Stainless steels possess good hardness and high strength.译文：不锈钢硬度大、强度高。

不锈钢拥有高硬度、高强度的特性

eg.31Some theorems like regarding noise as Gaussian white noise.译文：许多理论倾向于将噪声看作高斯白噪声。

The sampling theorem shows that

all values of a signal can be determinedby sampling the signal

at a rate equal to at least twice the bandwidth.译文：抽样定理表明，信号的抽样频率至少为信号频率的两倍信号时，该信号才能全部恢复。

Correct：

1、基于高斯小波滤波器的语音识别特征提取方法 摘要：把小波理论应用于抗噪语音识别特征提取，提出了基于高斯小波滤波器的语音识别特征提取方法，通过对人耳听觉特性的研究，按照人耳临界带宽设计了一组高斯小波带通滤波器。详细讨论了高斯小波滤波器的尺度参数选择方法。使用RBF识别网络，仿真实现了使用新特征与原特征的识别结果，证明了新特征具有较高的识别率和优良的抗噪性能。

关键词: 特征提取；高斯小波；语音识别 Feature-Extraction Method Based on Gauss-Wavelet-Filter in Speech-Recognition Abstract:——used wavelet theory in noise robust feature-extraction of speech-recognition and introduced a feature-extraction method based on Gauss wavelet filter.The Gauss wavelet filter with human critical frequency band was obtained by studying human auditory characteristics.The method of scale parameter choosing was also studied in designing Gauss wavelet filter.The methods with novel and original feature

was simulated.The RBF neural net was used in train and recognition course.The results show that new feature has higher recognition rate and better robustness than traditional feature.Key words: feature extraction;Gauss wavelet;speech recognition2、基于独立分量分析的单通道语音增强算法 摘要：传统的独立分量分析要求观测信号的个数不能小于源信号的个数，无法直接对单路信号进行独立分量分析。为了能够利用独立分量分析分离加性噪声，须构造一路观测信号。基于语音信号的短时平稳的特性，该文提出一种构造噪声信号的算法，实现了信号与噪声的分离。仿真结果表明，利用该算法可得到很好的消噪结果，提高信号的信噪比。

关键词：独立分量分析；盲源分离；语音增强；单通道

Single Channel Speech Enhancement Algorithm Based on Independent Component Analysis

Abstract: The standard independent component analysis algorithm require that the number of sensors is more than or equal to that of sources, so it is impossible to apply independent component analysis to a single channel signal directly.This paper proposes an algorithm for constructing a noise signal for noise reduction based on ICA, thereby noise and signal can be separated through ICA.Simulation result shows that much better de-noise effect and signal-noise ratio can be obtained by using this algorithm.Key words: Independent Component Analysis(ICA);blind sources separation;speech enhancement;single channel

第二篇：专业英语总结

幻灯片1 1.In-class practice 将下面与会议相关词语翻译为汉语  sponsor赞助者 Cover letter求职信

 organizer组织者 Invitation letter邀请信  preparatory committee筹备委员会  organizing committee组织委员会

 contact person联系人 Recommendation Letter推荐信  keynote speaker主旨发言人  participant与会者  co-sponsors协办方

 honorary chairman荣誉主席  program committee程序委员会 (vice)chairman副主席  members会员

 executive secretary行政秘书 session chair分会场主席 幻灯片2  Coffee or tea break with refreshments茶歇  Dinner晚餐  Lunch午餐

 Tour and sightseeing观光  Banquet晚宴

 Reception接待会

 Welcome speech欢迎词

 Opening remarks/address/speech开幕词  Closing remarks/address/speech闭幕词  Keynote speech/report主旨发言

 Paper session/paper presentation张贴  Poster session海报展  Demonstration说明

 Question and answer period/session问答环节

幻灯片3 机场的英语标识 Airport 飞机场

Airport lounges 机场休息室 Airport shuttle 机场班车 Arrivals 进港

Check-in area（zone）办理登机区 Customers lounges 旅客休息室 Departures 出港

Departure time 离港时间 Departure time on reverse 返航时间

幻灯片4 机场的英语标识

Destination on airport 到达机场 Domestic flight 国内航班 Emergency exit 安全出口 exit/out/way out 出口

arrivals 进站（进港、到达）Exit to all routes 各通道出口 Flight connections 转机处

Assistance/information/help point(desk)/inquiries 问讯处 Left baggage 行李寄存 Lost property 失物招领

Luggage from flight 到港行李 幻灯片5 机场的英语标识

Luggage pick-up/reclaim/ Luggage(baggage)claim 取行李 Missing people help line 走失求助热线 Missing, police appeal for assistance 警察提供走失帮助

No smoking except in designated area 除制定区域外，禁止吸烟 customs 海关

Nothing（something）to declare 有（无）报关 Passport control 入境检验 Queue here 在此排队

reclaim belt 取行李传送带

幻灯片6 机场的英语标识

Seserved seating 预定的座位 Return fares 往返机票 Short stay 短暂停留 Stay close 跟紧

international airport 国际机场 domestic airport 国内机场

international terminal 国际候机楼

international/dometic departure 国际/国内班出港 check-in 登机手续办理

boarding pass/card 登机牌 gate/departure gate 登机口

幻灯片7 机场的英语标识

FLT NO（flight number）航班号 arriving form 来自。。

scheduled time(SCHED)预计时间 actual 实际时间 landed 已降落

departure to 前往

departure time 起飞时间 delayed 延误

stairs and lifts to departure 由此乘电梯前往登机 up/upstairs 由此上楼

down/downstairs 由此下楼

幻灯片8 机场的英语标识

moeny exchange/currency exchange 货币兑换处 hotel reservation 订旅馆 luggage locker 行李暂存箱

passport control immigration 护照检查处 transfer passengers 中转旅客 transfer correspondence 中转处 transit 国境

goods to declare 报关物品

Taxi pick-up point 出租车乘车点 coach pick-up point 大轿车乘车点

airline coach service 航空公司汽车服务处 car hire 租车处（旅客自己驾车）

幻灯片9 机场的英语标识

duty-free shop/stores 免税店 luggage tag 行李牌

ticket confirm 机票确认 carrier 承运人（公司）class（fare basis）座舱等级 nationality 国籍

country of origin(country where you live)原住地 city where visa was issued 签证签发地 date issue 签发日期

accompanying number 偕行人数 official use only 官方填写 issue date 签发日期

security check 安全检查

幻灯片10 Visa application for entering Canada---工签（work permit工签 student permit学签）

1.经过本人签名的有效护照原件。2.邀请信：

（1）邀请信原件和复印件各一份。

（2）内容包括：邀请人姓名、单位、地址、电话号码；被邀请人姓名、单位、预定访问日期、停留期限、访问目的以及Bench Fee的明确数额，如无Bench Fee也请于信中注明。3.工作许可： 按照加拿大驻华使馆签证处最新规定，公派访问学者（SPONSORED RESEARCHERS）申请赴加拿大签证需要提供由加拿大内务部（HOME OFFICE）签发的“工作许可”（SPONSORED RESEARCHERS WORK PERMIT）。该工作许可应由加拿大邀请人负责到加拿大内务部申请。该工作许可为必须材料，否则加拿大驻华使馆签证处不予受理。

幻灯片11 说明书常用术语

operational/operating instructions 操作说明书 user's manual 用户手册

major components and functions 主要部件及功能 assembles and controls 各部件及其操作机构 group designation 各类名称

operating flow chart 操作流程图 fine adjustment 微调 coarse adjustment 粗调

direction for use 使用方法 wear-life 抗磨损寿命

幻灯片12 说明书常用术语

high voltage cautions 小心高电压 transportation 搬运，运输 instruction for erection 安装规程 power requirements 电源条件 service condition 工作条件 system diagram 系统示意图

wiring/circuit diagram 线路图 operating voltage 工作电压 factory services 工厂检修服务 specific wearability 磨损率

幻灯片13 说明书常用术语

precautions/cautions 注意事项 measuring range 量程 data book 数据表 Don't cast 勿掷

standard accessories 标准附件 accessories supplied 备用附件 safety factor 安全系数

tested error free 经检验无质量问题 ground/GND terminal 接地端子 earth lead 地线

幻灯片14 说明书常用术语

inflammable 易燃物、防火 keep dry 保持干燥 keep upright 无倒置

To be protected from cold/heat 避免遇冷/热

Use roller（出现在外包装箱上时）移动时使用滚子 warranty 保证书 feature 特点

construction 构造

electric system 电气系统 coolant system 冷却系统

幻灯片15 说明书常用术语 test run 试运转

first commissioning 试车 maintenance 维护，维修 dimensions 尺寸 measurement 尺码 lubrication 润滑 inspection 检验 location 安装位置 fix screw 固定螺钉 specification 规格

幻灯片16 说明书常用术语

rated load 额定负载 rate capacity 额定容量 nominal speed 额定马力 Gross/Gr.Wt.毛重 Net Wt.净重 fragile 易碎

cutting capacity 加工范围 humidity 湿度

oiling period 加油间隔期 work cycle 工作周期

幻灯片17 合同常用术语和句型

partial shippment 分装 transshipment 转船 insurance 保险

compensation allowance 补偿津贴 claim indemnity 索赔 other terms 其他条款

the engaging/engaged party 聘方/受聘方 expiration of the contract 合同到期 be covered by the seller 由卖方负责

幻灯片18 协议书常用术语和句型

agreement on academic exchange 学术交流协议

co-operation agreement on science and technology 科技合作协议

agreement on production co-operation 生产合作协议 agreement on persionnel training 人员培训协议

patterns and contents of co-operation 合作方式和内容 measures of implementation 执行措施 Sino-foreign joint venture 中外合资 duration of agreement 协议有效期 personnel matters 人员交流 the two sides 双方

technical consulation 技术咨询 financial arrangements 费用安排

幻灯片19  Optimal control and optimization;最优控制及优化  Process control过程控制  Stochastic systems随机系统

 Instrumentation systems仪表系统  Mobile robotics移动式机器人学  Perception systems感知系统

 Robot sensing and data fusion机器人感知与数据融合幻灯片20

TOPICs  Human/Computer Interaction,  Human/Machine Systems,  Image Processing,  Computer Vision， Information Assurance and Security,  Intelligent Communications,  Intelligent Systems， Intelligent Transportation Systems, 

Internet/Electronic Commerce， Knowledge Acquisition and Engineering,  Manufacturing Systems,  Optimization, 

Pattern Recognition, 

Quality/Reliability & Systems Engineering

 Computational Intelligence,  Soft Computing, Fuzzy Systems,  Neuro-Fuzzy Systems,  Neural Networks(NN),  Genetic Algorithm(GA),  Evolutionary Computation(EC),  Hybrid CI Algorithms,  DNA Computing,  Evolutionary Logistics,  Evolutionary Systems， Adaptive Computing Systems,  Data Mining and Management,  Decision Support Systems,  Informatics， Environmental Systems， Expert and Knowledge Based Systems

幻灯片21

Control and Decision:  Adaptive control; Complex systems and complex network; Control applications;

 Control engineering education; Co-operative control;

 Decision-making theory and method; Decision supporting system; Delay systems;

 Discrete event systems; Distributed control systems; Distributed parameter systems;

 Fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control; Fuzzy systems; Game theory; Hybrid systems;

 Identification and estimation; Intelligent systems;

 Knowledge Management and Knowledge Engineering;

幻灯片22  Management Information Systems and Enterprise Informalization; Management of Supply Chain and Logistics; Modeling and Optimization of E-Commerce;

Motion control;

 Networked control systems; Neural networks; Nonlinear systems;

 Optimal control and optimization; Process control;

Production planning and scheduling;

Robust and H-infinity control; Sensor network systems; Social economy systems; Stochastic systems;

 Variable structure control.幻灯片23          

幻灯片24

Automation: CIMS and manufacturing systems;Factory modeling and simulation;Home, laboratory and service automation;Instrumentation systems;Intelligent automation;Man-machine interactions;Nano-scale automation and assembly;Network-based systems;

Planning, scheduling and coordination;Process automation.Robotics:  Human centered systems;

 Medical robots and bio-robotics; Micro robots and micro-manipulation; Mobile robotics;

 Mobile sensor networks; Perception systems; Robot control;

 Robot sensing and data fusion; Search, rescue and field robotics; Space and underwater robots; Tele-robotics; Visual servicing.幻灯片25 协议书常用术语和句型

provide equipment, technology, engineering technicians and managerial personnel including quality inspectors 提供设备、技术、工程技术人员以及包括质量检查员在内的管理人员 The take-over will take place on...验收将于某月某日进行

...hereby indicate the intention to enter into a program of technological co-operation on the basis of mutual benefit(to be benefit both sides)...特此表明双方在互惠的基础上签订技术合作项目的愿望。

The two sides agree to co-operate with each other in research projects of common interest.双方同意对共同感兴趣的项目进行合作。

must be completed 10 months after the conclusion of the present agreement.限在本协议签订后10个月内完成。

幻灯片26

2将下列标题翻译为英语。

 *附件中有我的简历。

 Enclosed here is my resume. 1 有源电力滤波器控制策略综述

 Review study of control strategy for active power filter  2 基于粗糙集理论的系统参数重要性评价及其应用

 Significance assessment for the system parameters on base of rough set theory and it's application  3 基于蚁群算法的多机器人协作策略

 Multi-robot coordination strategy based on ant colony algorithm  4 电力系统混沌振荡的自适应补偿控制

 Adaptive compensating control for chaos oscillation of power system

幻灯片27

2将下列标题翻译为英语。

 5 基于结构特征的路面裂纹病害检测算法

 Detection algorithm of road cracks on surface disease based upon architecture feature  6 基于虚拟仪器技术的电磁阀综合特性测控系统

 Research on overall characteristics of measurement and control system for magnetic valve based upon virtual instrument techniques  7 基于自组织映射神经网络的低压故障电弧聚类分析

 Clustering analysis for low-voltage arc fault based on SOM networks  8 基于小波分解的脑CT图像纹理特征提取

 Texture feature extraction for CT brain images based on wavelet decomposition

幻灯片28 将下面英语（论文标题）翻译为中文。

(1)PASSIVITY-BASED CONTROLLER– OBSERVER FOR ROBOT MANIPULATORS  机器人执行机构的无源控制观察器

(2)ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF NON-LINEAR TELEOPERATOR SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF ADDITIVE INPUT AND OUTPUT DISTURBANCES  存在附加输入和输出扰动的非线性遥控机器人系统的自适应控制

(3)AN OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR THE COORDINATED HYBRID AGENT FRAMEWORK  协调混合主体框架的优化算法

(4)BEHAVIOUR EMERGENCE MODEL BASED ON CHANGES IN SENSORY INFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO MULTIPLE TASKS  基于感觉信息变化的行为上升模型及其在多任务中的应用 (5)Running Temperature and Mechanical Stability of Grease as Maintenance Parameters of Railway Bearings  运行温度和油脂的机械稳定性铁路轴承的维护参数

幻灯片29 (6)An Improved Approach to Delay-dependent Robust Stabilization for Uncertain Singular Time-delay Systems  不确定奇异时滞系统的迟滞相关鲁棒镇定的改进方法

(7)Stability Analysis of Discrete-time Systems with Additive Time-varying Delays  附加时变延迟的离散系统的稳定性分析

(8)CONTROL OF A SCARA ROBOT: PSO-PID APPROACH  SCARA机器人的控制：粒子群优化-PID方法

(9)FRACTIONAL CALCULUS-BASED OPTIMAL CONTROLLERS OF AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR IN POWER SYSTEM. 在电力系统中自动电压调节器的基于微积分的最优控制器

(10)RESEARCH OF WEATHERSENSITIVE SHORT-TERM LOAD FORECASTING  气象敏感的短期负荷预测的研究

幻灯片30 (11)DISPERSED GENERATION IN MODERN POWER SYSTEMS AND ITS IMPACT IN EUROPE ON POWER SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND SECURE OPERATION  现代电力系统分散发电及其对欧洲电力系统体系结构和安全运行的影响 (12)COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR DIGITAL REGULATORS IN SERIES DC MOTOR CONTROLLED DRIVE  串联直流电机控制驱动器的数字显示调节仪的比较性能分析

(13)An Assessment Tool for Land Reuse with Artificial Intelligence Method  采用人工智能方法的土地再利用评估工具

(14)Watermarking of Digital Images in Frequency Domain  在频域中的数字图像水印技术

(15)Action Control of Soccer Robots Based on Simulated Human Intelligence  基于人工智能模拟的足球机器人的行为控制

幻灯片31 (16)Real-time Virtual Environment Signal Extraction andDenoising Using Programmable Graphics Hardware  使用可编程图像硬件进行实时虚拟环境信号的提取和去噪

(17)Soft Sensing Modelling Based on Optimal Selection of Secondary Variables and Its Application  基于二次变量最优选择的软测量模型及其应用

(18)Adaptive Fuzzy Dynamic Surface Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems  具有不确定非线性系统的自适应模糊动态表面控制

(19)Kalman Filtering with Partial Markovian Packet Losses  有部分马尔科夫丢包损失的卡尔曼滤波 (20)On Problems of Multicomponent System Maintenance Modelling  多元系统维护的建模问题

幻灯片32 In-class practise: Conclusion(结论)：

An effective positioning means is developed by establishing pseudo_range-pseudo_range rate-heading measurements model of a miniature AHRS/GPS.Due to the large drifts and poor stability of MEMS sensors, the QEKF gauss nonlinear filter algorithm is applied to the whole system through computing the complicated Hessian matrix related to the second-order form of nonlinear equations.After carrying on a numerical simulation, the optimal estimates of parameters are achieved as expected, that is(viz.), the root mean squares(RMS)of attitude error and position error never exceed 90“ and 3m respectively, even if the accuracy of the sensors is modest, which thus demonstrates that the QEKF yields to accurate estimates and it is proved to be feasible for this low-cost AHRS/GPS integration.The following investigation will focus on the improvement of the accuracy of micro inertial sensors, if the accurate results are desired.幻灯片33 4.Abstrace例文翻译 In-class practise:

以低成本陆用航姿参考系统(AHRS)/ GPS紧耦合系统为研究对象,建立了基于伪距、伪距率、航向角的组合观测数学模型。引入强跟踪滤波(STF)算法,利用渐消因子的作用,增强滤波器对状态快速变化的跟踪能力。同时,针对微惯性器件漂移过大的缺点,采用二阶EKF(QEKF)方法,通过对Hessian 矩阵的求解,补偿系统观测方程线性化的二阶截断误差。仿真表明: STQEKF 方法可高速准确地逼近系统非线性模型,实现陆地载体导航控制,在传感器精度有限的情况下,使姿态和位置的控制效果较标准EKF 分别提高了约8.9 %～38.2 %和48.7 %～54.4 %。幻灯片34

Time delay of the internet is characterized as random, unbounded, and different for both branches in the control loop [9, 10] and it may cause instability of the system.Therefore, researchers developed some methods to deal with time delay, including passivity theory-based and control theory-based approaches [11].Anderson and Spong [12] derived a control law based on passivity and scattering theory to ensure tele-operative stability subject to any time delay.Niemeyer and Slotine [13] proposed the wave variables-based approach to address time-delay in tele-operation.Lawrence [14] addressed time delay in a four-channel bilateral tele-manipulation.Yoshikawa and Ueda [15] used scattering theory to assess the stability of four conventional tele-operation architectures.Munir and Book [16] incorporated a Smith predictor and Kalman filter to improve the performance of a wave-based tele-operator in the presence of a varying-time delay.幻灯片35  互联网时延的特点是随机的、不受限的，并且在控制回路中的分支间是不同的，这可能导致系统的不稳定。因此，针对时延，研究者开发了一些方法，包括基于无源性理论和控制理论的方法。安德森和斯帮推导出一个控制律，这个规律是基于无源性和散射理论的，它能确保在任何时延的情况下的遥操作的稳定性。尼迈耶和斯洛坦提出了波变量方法来处理遥操作中的时延。劳伦斯解决了四通道双边遥操作中的时延。吉川和上田使用散射理论来研究四个传统遥操作架构的稳定性。穆尼尔和布克将史密斯预估器和卡尔曼滤波器结合起来，以此来提高波在变化的时延情况下的遥操作性能。

幻灯片36 Abstract: The theoretical study due to the giant magneto-impedance(GMI)effect of Co-rich amorphous wire sensor is presented.As a practical device, this sensor may be used to sense the Earth’s magnetic field and to provide a measure of the attitude of a moving vehicle.It is proposed a multivibrator bridge should be adopted as the structure module.The measuring principle of the sensor is stressed, which is accomplished by means of establishing corresponding mathematic model.In sequence, with a numerical simulation being carried out, a good linear characteristic between voltage and measured field in the range of is achieved, which demonstrates this sensor is a linear one, and it is capable of measuring weak signal of magnetic field.In addition, the application of this sensor for the attitude and heading reference system(AHRS)with the micro inertial measurement units(MIMUs)is studied, providing an effective method for low cost solid-state AHRS with high accuracy theoretically.幻灯片37 钴基非晶丝传感器的巨磁阻抗影响已经有了相关理论性研究，作为一个实用装置，该传感器可被用于感知地球磁场以及测量行驶中小车的姿态，并提出多谐振荡桥应该用于结构模块。该传感器的测量原则强调要通过建立相应的数学模型来完成测量。通过进行逐一的数值仿真，实现了电压和测量范围间能具有良好的线性特性，这也表明了该传感器是线性的，并且能够测量磁场的微弱信号。此外，对该传感器在姿态航向参考系统与微惯性测量单元的应用也进行了研究，并在理论上为高精度低成本的固态姿态航向系统提供了一种有效的方法。幻灯片38 In-class practise:  3.Abstract翻译 Healthy sensors are essential for the reliable monitoring and control of building automation systems(BAS).This paper presents a diagnostic tool to be used to assist building automation systems for online sensor heath monitoring and fault diagnosis of air-handling units.The tool employs a robust sensor fault detection and diagnosis(FDD)strategy based on the Principal Component Analysis(PCA)method.Two PCA models are built corresponding to the heat balance and pressure-flow balance of an air-handling process.Sensor faults are detected using the Q-statistic and diagnosed using an isolation-enhanced PCA method that combines the Q-contribution plot and knowledge-based analysis.The PCA models are updated using a condition-based adaptive scheme to follow the normal shifts in the process due to changing operating conditions.The sensor FDD strategy, the implementation of the diagnostic tool and experimental results in an existing building are presented in this paper.幻灯片39  优良的传感器对于可靠监控和楼宇自动化系统是至关重要的。本文提出了一种诊断工具，用来协助楼宇自动化系统进行在线传感器优良检测以及空气处理单元的故障诊断。该工具采用基于主成分分析方法的鲁棒传感器故障检测及诊断策略。构建的两个主成分分析模型与空气处理过程的热平衡以及压力流量平衡相对应。传感器故障是用Q统计量来检测并用隔离加强的主成分分析法来诊断的，并结合了Q贡献图和只是分析。由于变化的操作状态，该主成分分析模型是通过使用基于自适应方案条件跟踪正常移距来完成矫正的。本文还提出了该传感器故障检测和诊断策略、诊断工具的实现以及在现有建筑中的试验结果。

幻灯片40 40 In-class practise: Conclusion：

本文提出了一种基于自适应进化学习的约束多目标粒子群优化算法。该算法根据不符合约束条件粒子的约束违反程度修正多目标粒子群优化算法的进化学习公式，有效地提高了算法在约束边界区域的搜索能力；引入了一种基于拥挤距离的Pareto最优解分布性动态维护策略，在不增加算法复杂度的前提下，改进了Pareto前沿的分布性。实验结果表明，在处理带约束多目标优化问题时，基于自适应学习的约束多目标粒子群优化算法可以获得具有更好收敛性、分布性和多样性的Pareto前沿。

幻灯片41

将下列Abstract翻译为中文

 Metabolism provides a basis for using first principles of physics, chemistry, and biology to link the biology of individual organisms to the ecology of populations, communities, and ecosystems.Metabolic rate, the rate at which organisms take up, transform, and expend energy and materials, is the most fundamental biological rate.We have developed a quantitative theory for how metabolic rate varies with body size and temperature.Metabolic theory predicts how metabolic rate, by setting the rates of resource uptake from the environment and resource allocation to survival, growth, and reproduction, controls ecological processes at all levels of organization from individuals to the biosphere.幻灯片42

邀请信（Invitation letter）

 Dear Dr.Men: 

It is my pleasure to invite you to International Heat Transfer Conference(IHTC-14/2010), which is being held in Washington D.C, WA, USA on 08/08/2010-08/13/2010.

You will be presenting the paper(s), Paper #:22747 ”Study on Biocorrosion Induced by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on Heat Exchanger Material in Cooling Water“.ASME is the premier organization for the promotion of the art, science, and practice of mechanical engineering throughout the world.Our mission is to promote and enhance the technical competency and professional well-being of our members, and through quality programs and activities in mechanical engineering better enable its practitioners to contribute to the well-being of humankind. You are expected to undertake all expenses. John Beck,  Director, International Affairs  Tel: +1(973)882-1170  Fax: +1(973)882-1717 E-mail: beckj@asme.org

第三篇：专业英语总结

《专业英语》课程总结

转眼间已经度过了一个学期的学习英语的过程。

首先，我想说的是，我们中国人真的是很会背单词，学语法，所以，对于我们而言，似乎英文阅读是不尴尬的事情。我以前学的都是很acamedic 的语法，包括单词，我都没有学好，我学的单词最大功用是阅读使用，和说话时候偶尔用到，即使是这样，我的好朋友还是说我的英语虽较比较fluent,但是不够natural,有点太academic了。我们知道很多单词，但是没有真正熟悉这些单词的发音，这里的熟悉不是单纯知道发音是什么，而是当别人说出来的时候，我们可以很快的识别它，我们知道其实美式发音对很多单词的发音，重音，是和中国字典里音标标出来的不一样的。所以现在我想来，一个必要的做法是，背单词是一定要听录音，熟悉美式发音读音，自己也要跟读，模范美式的发音。多读，让自己的脑细胞熟悉透了这些单词，然后才能在自己需要用的时候，一下想起来。

我学习英语总结为五条：

一、感情第一

In my opinion，要想学好英语或者说至少在学的过程中不感到痛苦，就必须学会将英语变成一种爱好，一种兴趣，这样在学习的过程中才不至于半途而废、有始无终且学习时如座针毡、抓耳挠腮、味同嚼蜡、痛苦无比！

二、长期积累

“积累”可以说是任何学习所必需的，在英语学习中它显得更为重要！For example ：我将英语中的“单词、语法、句子、结构、阅读、写作、听力、口语”等等一切比喻成不同的层，你每学一些相关的东西就会在相应的层上加一些东西，而你学的越扎实，同样层与层之间就砸的越扎实。

三、正确认识

只有经过正确修改的东西才值得牢记。不要反复去看那些做了而未经别

人修改的练习，看多了就会不自觉地连同错误一起记在脑子里。假若你纯属自学而无旁人相助，那你就去记那些肯定是正确无误的东西。

四、敢于出口

要敢于说话，不要怕出错误，但要请别人纠正错误。尤其重要的是，当

别人确实开始帮你纠正错误时，不要难为情，也不要泄气。

五、执着追求

所谓“执着追求”，引用英国利兹大学一位教授的话就是一定要相信“the power of your dream”。我的理解是：first，你一定要梦想，只有有了梦想你才有了追求的目标，才有力量，才有方向和动力。

人生总是面临着无数次选择。当你一次次站在十字路口的时候，你可曾彷徨、可曾无助、可曾一筹莫展？可是当你经过深思熟虑作出决定后，我想你已经找到了自己继续前进的方向！学习外语一天也不能中断，倘若确实没有时间，哪怕每天挤出十分钟来也行。早晨是学习外语的大好时光，要是学厌了，不必过于勉强，但也不要扔下不学。如果真的学厌了，这时可以变换一下学习方式。比如，可以把书放在一边去听听广播，或暂时搁下课本的练习去翻翻词典等。但绝不要脱离上下文孤立地去死记硬背，应该随时随地记下并背熟那些平时用得最多的“句套子”。尽可能“心译”你接触到的东西，如一闪而过的广告和偶尔听到的话语等，这也是一种休息方式。最后坚信自己一定能达到目的，要坚信自己有坚强不屈的毅力和语言方面非凡才能。

班级:09电子301

姓名：陈士升

学号：20094033105

第四篇：计算机专业英语总结

In this semester, I have been in the computer professional English to learn the computer hardware, computer software, programming language, database, multimedia and computer network.I know a lot of computer English！！!

In computer hardware, I learned to use English to express input and output devices, I know the CPU is the brains of the computer, memory is the storage is processing procedure and program used by the data of the amount of place.Memory and divided into RAM and ROM！！!

Computer software, divided into system software and application software, computer management system software is the internal resources software.Tell the computer hardware to do something, what to do, when to do it.System software into four categories: operating systems, utilities, device drivers and language an emulator.Perform specific tasks software, we called application software!Can help us do a lot of different task!

The program design language: program is guiding computer to complete the required data processing task of a set of instructions and language, programming language into machine language, assemble language and high level language, object-oriented programming language.As we have learned, VB language C.The computer network is a computer together, form a mutual

communication between the network.According to regional range in size, the network class is divided into lans, mans, WAN.And the Internet is a global network!

I think of this term's professional English lesson I learned many things！！!

09计算机应用（1）班 陈志刚 04号

在这个学期，我已经在计算机专业英语学了计算机硬件，计算机软件、程序设计语言、数据库、多媒体和计算机网络。我懂得了很多计算机方面的英语！

在计算机硬件，我学会了用英语表达输入和输出的设备，我懂得CPU是计算机的大脑，内存是存储正在处理的程序和程序所使用的数据额的地方。内存又分为RAM和ROM!

计算机软件方面，分为系统软件和应用软件，系统软件是计算机管理其内部资源的软件。告诉计算机硬件做些什么，怎么去做、何时去做。系统软件分为四类：操作系统，实用程序，设备驱动程序和语言翻译器。执行具体任务的软件，我们称为应用软件！能够帮助我们完成大量不同的任务！

程序设计语言：程序是指导计算机完成所要求的数据处理任务的一系列指令和语言，程序设计语言分为机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言、面向对象的程序设计语言。像我们所学的C语言、VB。

计算机网络就是把计算机连在一起，形成一个相互间相互通信的网络。根据地域范围大小，网络课分为LAN、MAN、WAN。和因特网是全球性的网络！

我觉得这个学期的专业英语课我学到了很多东西！

09计算机应用（1）班陈志刚 04号

第五篇：专业英语大总结

ahu air hundling unit 空调箱 air conditioning load空调负荷 air distribution气流组织

air handling unit 空气处理单元 air shower 风淋室

air wide pre.drop空气侧压降

aluninum accessaries in clean room 洁净室安装铝材 as-completed drawing 修改竣工图 ayout 设计图

blass stop valve 铜闸阀

canvas connecting termingal 帆布接头 centigrade scale 摄氏温度

chiller accessaries 水冷柜机排水及配料 chiller asembly 水冷柜机安装工费 chiller unit 水冷柜机基础 clean bench 净化工作台 clean class 洁净度

clean room 洁净室 无尘室 correction factor修正系数 dcc dry coll units 干盘管 district cooling 区域供冷

direct return system异程式系统 displacement ventilation置换通风 drawn No.图号 elevation立面图

entering air temp进风温度 entering water temp进水温度 fahrenheit scale 华氏温度 fan coil unit 风机盘管

ffu fan filter units 风扇过滤网组 final 施工图

flow velocity 流速

fresh air supply 新风供给 fresh air unit 新风处理单元

ground source heat pump地源热泵 gross weight 毛重

heating ventilating and air conditioning 供热通风与空气调节 hepa high efficiency pariculate air 高效过滤网

high efficiency particulate air filters高效空气过滤器 horizontal series type水平串联式 hot water supply system生活热水系统 humidity 湿度

hydraulic calculation水力计算 isometric drawing轴测图

leaving air temp 出风温度 leaving water temp出水温度 lood vacuum pump中央集尘泵 mau make up air hundling unit schedule 外气空调箱 natural smoke exhausting自然排烟 net weight 净重

noise reduction消声

nominal diameter 公称直径 oil-burning boiler燃油锅炉

one way stop peturn valve 单向止回阀 operation energy consumption运行能耗 pass box 传递箱

particle sizing and counting method 计径计数法 Piping accessaries 水系统辅材 piping asembly 配管工费 plan平面图

rac recirculation air cabinet unit schedule循环组合空调单元 ratio controller 比例调节器

ratio flow control 流量比例控制 ratio gear 变速轮 ratio meter 比率计

rational 合理性的，合法的；有理解能力的 rationale（基本）原理；原理的阐述 rationality 有理性，合理性

rationalization proposal 合理化建义 ratio of compression 压缩比 ratio of expansion 膨胀比 ratio of run-off 径流系数 ratio of slope 坡度

ratio of specific heat 比热比 raw 生的，原状的，粗的；未加工的 raw coal 原煤 raw cotton 原棉

raw crude producer gas 未净化的发生炉煤气 raw data 原始数据

raw fuel stock 粗燃料油

raw gas 未净化的气体 real gas 实际气体 realignment 重新排列，改组；重新定线 realm 区域，范围，领域 real work 实际工作 ream 铰孔，扩孔

rear 后部，背面，后部的 rear arch 后拱 rear axle 后轴

rear-fired boiler 后燃烧锅炉 rear pass 后烟道

rearrange 调整；重新安排[布置] rearrangement 调整，整顿；重新排列[布置] reason 理由，原因；推理 reasonable 合理的，适当的 reassembly 重新装配 reaumur 列氏温度计

reblading 重装叶片，修复叶片 recalibration 重新校准[刻度] recapture 重新利用，恢复 recarbonation 再碳化作用

recast 另算；重作；重铸receiving basin 蓄水池 receiving tank 贮槽

recentralizing 恢复到中心位置；重定中心；再集中 receptacle 插座[孔]；容器 reception of heat 吸热

recessed radiator 壁龛内散热器，暗装散热器 recharge well 回灌井

reciprocal 倒数；相互的，相反的，住复的 reciprocal action 反复作用

reciprocal compressor 往复式压缩机 reciprocal feed pump 往复式蒸汽机 reciprocal grate 往复炉排 reciprocal motion 住复式动作 reciprocal proportion 反比例

reciprocal steam engine 往复式蒸汽机 reciprocate 往复（运动），互换

reciprocating 往复的，来回的，互相的，交替的 reciprocating(grate)bar 往复式炉排片 reciprocating compressor 往复式压缩机

reciprocating condensing unit 往复式冷冻机

reciprocating packaged liquid chiller 往复式整体型冷水机组 reciprocating piston pump 往复式活塞泵 reciprocating pump 往复泵，活塞泵

reciprocating refrigerator 往复式制冷机 recirculate 再循环 recirculated 再循环的

recirculated air 再循环空气[由空调场所抽出，然后通过空调装置，再送回该场所的回流空气] recirculated air by pass 循环空气旁路 recircilated air intake 循环空气入口

recirculated cooling system 再循环冷却系统 recirculating 再循环的，回路的 recirculating air duct 再循环风道 recirculating fan 再循环风机 recirculating line 再循环管路 recirculating pump 再循环泵 recirculation 再循环 recirculation cooling water 再循环冷却水 recirculation ratio 再循环比 recirculation water 再循环水 reclaim 再生，回收；翻造，修复 reclaimer 回收装置；再生装置 reclamation 回收，再生，再利用

reclamation of condensate water蒸汽冷凝水回收 recombination 再化[结]合，复合，恢复

recommended level of illumination 推荐的照度标准 reconnaissance 勘察，调查研究

record drawing 详图、大样图、接点图 recording apparatus 记录仪器 recording barometer 自记气压计 recording card 记录卡片 recording facility 记录装置

recording liquid level gauge 自动液面计 recording paper of sound level 噪声级测定纸 recording pressure gauge 自记压力计 recording water-gauge 自记水位计 recoverable 可回收的，可恢复的 recoverable heat 可回收的热量 recoverable oil 可回收的油

recoverable waster heat 可回收的废热 recovery plant 回收装置 recovery rate 回收率 relief damper 泄压风门

return air flame plate回风百叶 Seat air supply座椅送风 Shaft seal 轴封

Shaft storage 搁架式贮藏 Shake 摇动，抖动

Shakedown run 试车，调动启动，试运转 Shake-out 摇动，抖动

Shakeproof 防振的，抗振的 Shaker 振动器

Shaking 摇[摆，振]动 Shaking grate 振动炉排 Shaking screen 振动筛

Shallow 浅层，浅的，表面的 Shank 柄，杆，柱体，轴

Shape 造[成]型，形状[态]模型。轮廓 Shape cutting 仿形切割 Shaped steel 型钢 Shape factor 形状因数

Sharp 尖的，急剧的，灵敏的，准确的，明显的 Sharp bend 小半径弯头

Sharp freezer 快速冻结器，低温冻结间[接受未经降温的货物并使之冻结的冷藏间，其温度通常维持在-29° C到-15° C之间] Sharp freezing 快速冻结，低温冻结[在低温库内冻结产品] Sharp freezing room 急冻间 sheath 外壳，复板，外套 Sheathe 覆盖，装鞘，包，套 Sheave 滑车轮，凸轮盘 Sheet lead 铅皮

Sheet metal 金属片，金属薄板

Shell and coil condenser 壳管式冷凝器[盘管装置在壳内的一种冷凝器，冷却液在管内鞫淠闹评浼猎诳枪苤鋆 Shell and coil evaporator 壳管式蒸发器

Shell and coil heat exchanger 壳管式热交换器

Shell and tube condenser 壳管式冷凝器[冷凝器的一种，冷却液在管内流动，而冷凝的制冷剂在壳内] Shell and tube cooler 壳管式冷却管

Shell and tube evaporator 壳管式蒸发器[管束浸在沸腾的制冷剂中，而被冷却的流体则在管内流动的蒸发器] Shell and tube exchanger 壳管式换热器[组管速装置在壳体内，一种流体在管内流动，另一种流体在管壳之间流动] Shell and tube heat exchanger 壳管式热交换器 Shell and tube type condenser 壳管式冷凝器

Shell type attemperator 立式表面减温器，壳管减温器

Shield carbon-dioxide arc welding 二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊 Shielded arc welding 保护电弧焊

Shifting bearing 活动支座，移动式轴承 Shifting spanner 活络扳手 Shrinkage 收缩；收缩量

Shunt regulator pipe 旁路调节管 Shunt valve 旁通阀

Shutoff damper 截止挡板，关闭风门 Shutoff valve 关闭阀，截止阀

Shutter grate 百叶炉篦，可调节的炉篦 Siamese connection 复式连接

Side opening with slide plate 插板式侧面风口

Side spacer（过热器）定距梳形管夹，梳形间隔，梳形卡子 Side wall 侧墙，侧水冷壁 Side wall inlet 侧墙进风口

Side wall register of horizontal and vertical louvers and shutters 带垂直和水平百叶的侧墙送风品

Side wall register of vertical louvers and shutters 带重直百叶的侧墙送风口

Sightglass 观察窗 Signal 信号符号，信号 Signal alarm 信号报警，警报器 Signal bell 信号铃

Signal call device 信号呼叫装置 Signal equipment 信号设备 Signal light 信号灯

Simultaneous 同时的，同时发生的，联立的 Simultaneous factor 同时系数 Single-acting air pump 单动气泵

Single-acting compressor 单作用压缩机 Single-acting pump 单动泵 Single admission 单侧进风

Single and double deflection grille 单层及双层百叶风口 Single branch pipe 单支管 Single collar pipe 单盘直管

Single column manometer 单管式压力计 Single column radiator 单柱散热器

Single duct air conditioning system 单风道空调系统[空气经过集中设备调节后，由单风道分送至各不同区域的系统] Single-inlet fan 单进风通风机 Single lead 单管线

Single leaf damper 单页风口[只有一个叶片的，并以铰链接于开口一侧的方形或矩形风门] Single package 单独整体式 Single-pass 单程的，单流的 Single path 单通路

Single-phase kilowatt hour meter 单相电度表 Single-phase motor 单相马达

Single-phase three wire system 单相三线制

Single pipe district heating system 单区域供热系统 Single-range 单量程的

Single seated valve 单座阀

Single shell type absorption refrigerating machine 单筒吸收式制冷机 Single sided heating panel 单侧供暖辐射板 Single side draft hood 单面吸风罩 Single sleeve valve 单套阀

Single-stage absorption refrigerator 单极吸收式制冷机 Single-stage air compressor 单极空气压缩机 Single-stage centrifugal blower 单级离心鼓风机 Single-stage centrifugal pump 单级离心泵 Single-stage compression 单级压缩 Single-stage cyclone 单级旋风除尘器

Single-stage plate type ionizing electronic air cleaner 单级极板型静电空气过滤器

Single-stage pump 单级泵

Single-stage radial compressor 单级离心压缩机 Single vane rotary compressor 单叶回转式压缩机，[在压缩机中，转子沿定子的内圆周转动，在静止槽内滑动的一个叶片与转子不断接触，而使吸入口和排出口隔开] Single way suction 单向吸入

Singular 单一的，奇异的，单数的

Sintered metallic filter 金属陶瓷过滤器 Siphon action 虹吸作用 Siphonage 虹吸作用

Siphon barometer 虹吸式气压计 Siphon head 虹吸压头 Siphon trap 虹吸水封

Sirocco fan 西洛可风机，多叶片前弯离心机 Site-assembled 现场装配的 Site plan 总平面图

Site planning 总平面设计

Situation 地点，位置，形势，情况 Skating rink 溜冰场 Skeleton diagram 轮廓图 Sketching board 绘图板 Sketch plan 草图，初步设计 skin-load 外围护结构负荷

Skin temperature 皮肤温度，外壳温度 Skirtboard 侧护板，侧壁；踢脚板 Skirting air inlet 踢脚板进气口 Skirting heater 踢脚板放热器 Sky radiation 天空辐射

Steam heating pipe蒸汽供热管道 System accessaries 设备安装辅料 System testing 系统调试费 title 图名

trasportation 设备吊运费 two-speed motor双速电机

ultra low penetration air filter 超高空气效过滤器 unidirectional air flow clean rooms单向流洁净室 vacuum 真空

valve and sub-asembly handing 阀门及配件安装工费 vibration isolation减振

virbrate free double poles terminal防震双球软接头 water flow水流量

water piping fittings 水管吊支架

water to water plate heat exchangers板换 water wide pre.drop水侧压降

绝对标高 abselute elevation

海平面标高 over-sea mean level(OSL)

标高，立面 elevation(EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete 架顶面 top of support(TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel 梁项面 top of beam(TOB)支撑点 point of suppon(POS)管顶 top of pipe(TOP)管底 bouom of pipe(BOP)沟底 boaom of trench 管子内底 invert(inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom(FOB)顶平flat on top(FOT)工作点 working point(W.P.)面至面 face to face(F-F)中心至端面 center to end(C-E)中心至面 center to face(C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to center(C-C)坐标 coordinate 坐标原点 origin of coordinate 出口中心线 center line of discharge 入口中心线 center line of suction 中心线 centerline(CL)入口 inlet, suction 出口 outlet, discharge 排出口 exhaust 距离 distance

piping design管道设计英语表达方式

雅思词汇: 管道布置

管道设计 piping design

管道研究 piping study

走向研究 routing study

重要管道 critical piping

地上管道 above ground piping

地下管道 under ground piping

管网 network of pipes

管廊 pipe rack

管沟 piping trench

管间距 line spacing

管道跨距 line span

总管 header, manifold

旁路 by pass

排液 drain

放空 vent

上升管，垂直管 riser

导管 canduit

裸管 bare iine

管件直接 fitting to fitting(FTF)

管段，接口 spool piece, spool

取样接口 sampling connection

集液包 drip leg

伴热管 tracing pipe

蒸汽伴热 steam tracing

热水伴热 hot-water tracing

电伴热 electrical tracing

夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping

全夹套的 full jacketed

平面 plan

详图 detail

“ ”视图X view “X”

“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”

连接图 hook up drawing

接续图 continue on drawing(COD)

接续线 match line(M.L.)

比例 scale

图例 legend

符号 symbol

管口表 list of nozzles

方位 orientation

管口方位 nozzle orientation

定位 location

相交 intersection

水平的 horizontal

垂直的，立式的 vertical

垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular

平行，平行的 parallel

水平安装 horizontal installation

垂直安装 vertical installafion

对称的 symmetric

相反（的），对面（的）opposite

顺时针方向 clock wise

逆时针方向 counter clock wise

计算机辅助设计 computer aided design(CAD)

class designation管道等级号英语表达方式 管道等级及材料统计

4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification

管道等级 piping class;piping classification

管道等级号 class designation

公称直径 nominal diameter(DN);nominal(pipe)size

公称压力 nominal pressure(PN)

压力级，等级，类别 class(CL)

低压 low pressure(L.P.)

中压 medium pressure(M.P.)

高压 high pressure(H.P.)

大气压 atmosphere(ATM)

真空 vacuum

工作压力 operating pressure;working pressure

设计压力 design pressure

工作温度 operating temperature

设计温度 design temperature

环境温度 ambient temperature

腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance

管道附件 piping attachment

管道元件 piping element

壁厚 wall thickness(WT)

壁厚系列号 schedule number(SCH.No.)

加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong

双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong

通用连接组 typieal installation

分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form

数据库 data base

文件 file

4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off(MTO)

汇总表 summary sheet

材料表 bill of material(BM)

综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet(CPMSS)

统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off

材料情况报告 material status report(MSR)

散装材料 bulk material

编位号的 itemized

代码 code number

短代码 short code

数量 quantity(QTY)

重力 weight

净重 net weight

毛重 gross weight reducing tee异径三通管英语表达方式

双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow

三通 tee

异径三通 reducing tee

等径三通 straight tee

带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee(right hand or 1eft hand)

异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee(reducing on outlet)

异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee(reducing on one run)

带支座三通 base tee

异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee(reducing on one run and outlet)

异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee(reducing on both runs, bull head)

45°斜三通 45° lateral

45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral(reducing on branch)

45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径)45° lateral(reducing on one run)

45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径)45° lateral(reducing on one run and branch)

Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”

四通 cross

等径四通 straight cross

异径四通 reducing cross

异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross(reducing on one outlet)

异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross(reducing on one run and outlet)

异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross(reducing on both outlet)

异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross(reducing on one run and both outlet)

异径管 reducer

同心异径管 concentric reducer

偏心异径管 eccentric reducer

锻制异径管 reducing swage

螺纹支管台 threadolet

焊接支管台 weldolet

承插支管台 sockolet

弯头支管台 elbolet

斜接支管台 latrolet

镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet

短管支管台 nipolet

支管台，插入式支管台 boss

管接头 coupling, full coupling

半管接头 half coupling

异径管接头 reducing coupling

活接头 union

内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing

管帽 cap(C)

堵头 plug

短节 nipple

异径短节 reducing nipple;swage nipple

1.3 弯管 Bend

预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend

跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend

偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend

90°弯管 quarter bend

环形弯管 cirele bend

单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bend

S形弯管 “S” bend

单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bend

U形弯管 “U” bend

双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend

斜接弯管 mitre bend

三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend

折皱弯管 corrugated bend

圆度 roundness