句子成分-初级

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第一篇:句子成分-初级

句子成分

一、词类

实词:N.Pron.Num.Adj.Adv.V.可以在句子中单独作一定成分

虚词:Art.Prep.Conj.Int.不能在句子中单独作一定成分,只起辅助和连接作用。

二、句子成分

定义:句子成分由作用不同的各部分组成,这些部分就叫做句子成分。句子成分可以是单词,也可以是词组或从句。

在句中起主要作用的句子成分有主语和谓语,成为主要成分;起次要作用的有宾语,宾语补语,定语,状语,表语等,称为次要成分。

三、词类和句子成分的关系

(一)词类相互间的关系

1、形容词,数词,名词常修饰名词

It’s a They are women doctors.2、形容词可以修饰代词

不定代词+形容词)

3、副词常修饰动词,形容词和副词

(二)词类和句子成分之间的关系

1、主语:是句子要说明的人或物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。

作主语的词类有:名词,代词,数词。(动名词,动词不定式和主语从句也可做主语。)He reads newspaper every day.2、谓语动词可以是行为动词,系动词,助动词和情态动词。He

3、宾语:及物动词涉及到的人或物成为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词成为介词宾语。名词,代词,数词在句中常用作动词宾语或介词宾语。

4、形容词,副词,介词短语以及动词不定式,分词等可作宾语补语。

We elected him monitor.She found the child sound asleep.5、表语:在系动词后用来说明主语的身份,状态或特征的成分。可以作表语的有名词,代词,形容词,副词,介词短语以及动词不定式,动名词,分词和表语从句等。(表语又叫主语补语)Who is it?---It’s

6、定语:用来修饰名词或代词的成分。单词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前;但在修饰符合不定代词(something,nothing,anything,everything,等)是,放在不定代词之后;短语和从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。形容词,名词,代词,数词,副词,介词短语以及动词不定式,分词和定语从句等都可以做定语。

7、状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语

通常放在它所修饰的词之前,修饰动词的状语通常放在动词之后。但有些

副词(often,always, usually)等作状语时,则放在行为动词之前。副词,介词短语,名词词组,动词不定式短语,分词短语和状语从句都可作状语。He walks very quickly.He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.练习题:分析句子成分

1.My father was a worker.2.Time flies fast.3.The milk tastes fresh.4.Can you get him to help me?

5.I found your shoes under the bed.6.I heard him cry.7.You answer the question in English.8.She gave him a book.9.They welcomed him to their home.10.He bought some sweets for his son.句子的种类

(一)句子按其结构可以分为以下两类:

1)简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:

2)并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如: 根据句子的基本结构,简单句分成以下五种基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:

1)主 + 动(SV)(主语+不及物动词)

例如:I work.我工作。

She is sitting in the next room.Evening comes.The plane is landing.The train leaves at 10.He lives in Harbin.She never smokes.2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)(主语+连系动词+表语)

例如:John is busy.约翰忙。

The film is very interesting.My father is a doctor.The students are in the classroom.She looks old./the water tastes sour./the dish smells delicious./the cloth feels soft./the music sounds terrible./ please keep quiet.(感官系动词)

3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)

例如:She studies English.她学英语。

I like the movie very much.The students clean the classroom every day.He can drive a car.We know the English answers.4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语)例如:Time would prove me right.时间会证明我是对的。

I don’t believe the story true.We elected him our monitor.We found the baby safe and sound.5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)例如:My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳

She bought me a dictionary.His mother often tells him a story.Please show me your picture.Could you lend me your English book?

(二)按使用目的,简单句可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。

a.肯定式:主语+谓语

Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。(说明事实)

The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)

I came here last night.She is always happy and gay.b.否定式:如果句子的谓语动词是be, have或情态动词时,在它们之后加not

如果句子的谓语动词是行为动词,在谓语动词前加do/does/did在加notHe is not a teacher.I have not any money on me.You mustn’t smoke here.I don’t know English.He doesn’t like her.She didn’t do her homework yesterday.2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:

a.一般疑问句(General Questions):以动词be,have或助动词,情态动词开头,以yes和no 回答

Are you cold? No, I’m not.Yes, I am.Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?

Does your father work in Beijing?

Did you read English book yesterday?

b.特殊疑问句(W Questions;H Questions):以疑问代词what,who(m),whose,which

或疑问副词when,where,how,why放在句首提问的句子,不用yes,no来回答。 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(疑问词作宾语,表语,状语或定语)

What do you want?

Who(m)are you looking for?

What time does your father get up every day?

Where do you live? 你住那儿?

How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?

How many students are there in the room?

When will the train leave tomorrow?

How long did you study English?

 疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时,词序与陈述句相同:

疑问代词(+名词)+谓语

Who teaches you English?

Whose book is this?Whose sister is she?

Which one is better? The red one or the black one.Where is your father? He is at home.Which class is your brother in? he is in Class One.Why is she crying?

c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):

Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡?

d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):

He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对?

3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:

祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。

Sit down, please.请坐。Don't be nervous!别紧张!Take this seat.Say it in English.Don’t come in.Do be careful.否定结构: Don't move.Don't be late.第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句

a.Let's 包括说话者

Let's have another try,shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try?

b.Let us 不包括说话者

Let us have another try,will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try? 否定结构: Let's not talk of that matter.Let us not talk of that matter.4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,(1)How + 形容词(副词)+主语+谓语

How beautiful the girl is!

How hard he works!

How lovely the weather is!

How well she speaks English!

How happy I am!

(2)What +(a)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语

What good news it is!多好的消息啊!

What a fine day it is!

What a clever boy he is!

What a wonderful film it is!

What a pity(it is)!

练习:将以下句子变成疑问句和否定句

1.I like swimming.2.he did his homework yesterday evening.3.My sister watches TV every night.4.The boy like his teacher very much.5.I went to the theatre yesterday.练习:对以下句子的黑体字提问

1.The plane takes off

2.3.4.5.

第二篇:句子成分

一、英语语句基本结构分析:

>> 主谓宾结构:

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.>> 主系表结构:

主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。

联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。

表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy>> There be 结构:

There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。返回

定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语:

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语:

His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语:

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语:

The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语:

The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语:

The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。

分词(短语)作定语:

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句:

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。返回

状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'

副词(短语)作状语:

The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)

The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)分词(短语)作状语:

He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)不定式作状语:

The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词作状语:

Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)

状语从句:

时间状语从句

地点状语从句

原因状语从句

结果状语从句

目的状语从句

比较状语从句

让步状语从句

条件状语从句

四、直接宾语和间接宾语: 返回

>>>特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。返回

名词/代词宾格 + 名词

The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.名词/代词宾格 + 形容词

New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.名词/代词宾格 + 分词

I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.六、同位语: 返回

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard./(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)

We all are students./(all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)

七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。返回

感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

肯定词yes

否定词no

称呼语:称呼人的用语。

插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。

如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。

八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。返回

例:

错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.正确:(1)Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score.显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数).正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致(同为you);正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.如:

Game(being)over,he went home.He stands there,book(being)in hand.独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。

如:

With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。

The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)

第三篇:句子成分

句子成分(Members of a Sentence)

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

一: S V(主+谓)二: S V P(主+系+表)三: S V O(主+谓+宾)

四: S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五: S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型 一:S V(主+谓)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点:即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。S │ V(不及物动词)

1.The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。2.The moon │rose.月亮升起了。3.The universe │remains.宇宙长存。

4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Who │cares? 管它呢?

6.What he said │does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。7.They │talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。8.The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型 二: S V P(主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

S │V(是系动词)│ P 1.This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。2.The dinner │smells │good.午餐的气味很好。3.He │fell │in love.他堕入了情网。

4.Everything │looks │different.一切看来都不同了。5.He │is growing │tall and strong.他长得又高又壮

6.The trouble│is │that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7.Our well │has gone │dry.我们井干枯了。8.His face │turned │red.他的脸红了。

There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’ 基本句型 三: S V O(主+谓+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

S │V(及物动词)│ O

1.Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案? 2.She │smiled │her thanks.她微笑表示感谢。3.He │has refused │to help them.他拒绝帮他们。4.He │enjoys │reading.他喜欢看书。

5.They │ate │what was left over.他们吃了剩饭。6.He │said │“Good morning.” 他说:“早上好!” 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。

8.He │admits │that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。基本句型 四: S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.S │V(及物)│ o(多指人)│ O(多指物)

1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.He │brought │you │a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。4.He │denies │her │nothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。5.I │showed │him │my pictures.我给他看我的照片 6.I │gave │my car │a wash.我洗了我的汽车。

7.I │told │him │that the bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了。8.He │showed │me │how to run the machine.他教我开机器。基本句型 五: S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。名词/代词宾格 + 名词

The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.名词/代词宾格 + 形容词

New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.名词/代词宾格 + 分词

I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.S │V(及物)│ O(宾语)│ C(宾补)

1.They │appointed │him │manager.他们任命他当经理。2.They │painted │the door │green.他们把门漆成绿色 3.This │set │them │thinking.这使得他们要细想一想。

4.They │found │the house │deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。5.What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想? 6.We │saw │him │out.我们送他出去

7.He │asked │me │to come back soon.他要我早点回来。

8.I │saw │them │getting on the bus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。句子成分练习题(一)(一).指出下列句中主语

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二)选出句中谓语 ① I don't like the picture on the wall.A.don't B.like C.picture D.wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting

C.the library D.afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didn't C.do D.his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor ⑨ He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A.give B.did C.whom D.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦ They made him monitor of the class.⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩ They didn't know who “Father Christmas” really is.(四)挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

第四篇:句子成分

句子成分(Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一: S V(主+谓)

二: S V P(主+系+表)三: S V O(主+谓+宾)

四: S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五: S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型 一:S V(主+谓)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S │ V(不及物动词)

1.The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。2.The moon │rose.月亮升起了。3.The universe │remains.宇宙长存。

4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Who │cares?

管它呢?

6.What he said │does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。

7.They │talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。

8.The pen │writes smoothly

这支笔书写流利。

基本句型 二: S V P(主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

S │V(是系动词)│ P

1.This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。2.The dinner │smells │good.午餐的气味很好。3.He │fell │in love.他堕入了情网。

4.Everything │looks │different.一切看来都不同了。5.He │is growing │tall and strong.他长得又高又壮

6.The trouble│is │that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7.Our well │has gone │dry.我们井干枯了。

8.His face │turned │red.他的脸红了。

There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

基本句型 三: S V O(主+谓+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

S │V(及物动词)│ O

1.Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?

2.She │smiled │her thanks.她微笑表示感谢。3.He │has refused │to help them.他拒绝帮他们。4.He │enjoys │reading.他喜欢看书。

5.They │ate │what was left over.他们吃了剩饭。6.He │said │“Good morning.” 他说:“早上好!” 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。

8.He │admits │that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。

划分句子成分口诀:

主谓宾 定状补,一般成分弄清楚。基本成分主谓宾,附加成分定状补。主语讲谁或什么,陈述主语是谓语。动词涉及人或物,涉及成分叫宾语。修饰限制算定状,补充说明就是补。定语用在主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。还有标志的地得,帮助分清定状补。注意位置和关系,认真分析莫疏忽。

第五篇:句子成分

: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。He is a new student.但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。The bike in the room/there/to be repaired is mine.当定语有一个句子来充当的时候,就做定语从句 Eg: That girl who is standing there is my sister.7、状语: 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首,当由一个句子来充当的时候叫做状语从句。包括时间,原因,地点,方式,让步状语从句, 条件状语从句,目的状语从句和结果状语从句等等。Eg: He was born in 1983.He lives in London.When he was a little boy, he studied very hard and often went to libraries.Jane didn’t go to school because he was ill.Even though /if it is raining, we will go there.He is so honest a worker that we will believe him.注:You’d better make a mark where you have any questions You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.二、简单句的五种基本句型

基本句型一: S V(主+谓)

基本句型二: S V P(主+谓+表)

基本句型三: S V O(主+谓+宾)

基本句型四: S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)(不固定)基本句型五: S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)

三、句型实例

句型一:S V(主+谓)主语+不及物动词+状语 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

sun was shining.The moon rose.The universe remains.We all breathe, eat, and drink.Who cares? 管它呢? What he said does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。

They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。

注:1.有时不及物动词有时加一个介词可以转化为及物动词 Eg: She got to school 8:00 in the morning.2.有的动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词。Eg: He began his speech.The concert began at 9:00 in the evening.句型二:主语+连系动词+表语 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。

This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。The dinner smells good.午餐的气味很好。He fell in love.他堕入了情网。Everything looks different.一切看来都不同了。

He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮。

The trouble is that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

Our well has gone dry.我们的井干枯了。His face turned red.他的脸红了。

句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案?She smiled her thanks.她微笑表示感谢。

He has refused to help them.他拒绝帮他们的忙。He enjoys reading.他喜欢看书。

They ate what was left over.他们吃了剩饭。He said “Good morning.” 他说:"早上好!

want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。He admits that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。

句型四:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。

间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, do(带来),give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等。

She ordered herself a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。

He brought you a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。He denies her nothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。

I told him hat the bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了。He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。

They appointed him manager.他们任命他当经理。They painted the door green.他们把门漆成绿色。This set them thinking.这使得他们要细想一想。

They found the house deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想?

We saw him out.我们送他出去。

He asked me to come back soon.他要我早点回来。

I saw them getting on the bus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

课堂练习:

1.I am sorry to have kept you ____.A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waited 2.She found her dog ___over by a car on the road.A.run B.ran C.to run D.running 3.Rose is going to have her hair _____.A.do B.done C.did D.doing 4.She felt somebody ___her.A.touched B.touches C.touch D.to touch 5.Canned food does not go ____.A.bad easily B.badly easy __.C.bad easy D.badly easily 回家作业:

1.I will make your dream ____.A.comes true B.to come true C.coming truly D.come true.2.The sad news kept her ___all the night.A.awake B.waken C.wake D.to wake 3.I think ____a bad habit to get up late.A.that B.it C.this D.its 4.He found his money _____.A.steal B.stealing C.stolen D.to steal 5.Roses in bloom smell ____.A.sweetly B.sweet C.sweeten D.sweetness 6.We must have the machine ____.A.to repair B.repairing C.repair D.repaired 7.A television set will keep us ____of the news of the day.A.inform B.to inform C.informed D.informing 8.The speaker found himself ____all alone.A.left B.leave C.leaving D.to leave 9.The speaker found himself ____.A.misunderstand B.misunderstanding C.misunderstood D.to misunderstand 10.—My watch is broken.—Why don’t you ___.A.take a repairer your watch B.take your watch a repairer C.take to a repairer it D.take it to a repairer 11.— ____is your sister? —She is a teacher in a middle school.A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where 12.—How are your parents? —_____.A.They are doctors B.They like sweet food C.They are fine D.They are fifty 13.—-___will you get married to him.—In a month.A.How soon B.How long C.How often D.How much

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