初二英语语法总结

第一篇：初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结

1)leave的用法

1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什么时候离开上海的？

2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你为什么要离开上海去北京？

2)情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？

Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？

should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：

We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。

我们在使用时要注意以下几点：

1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：You should be here with clean hands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。

2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。

3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭前就能到了。

She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来。

3)What...? 与 Which...?

1.what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？

该句相当于：

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：

---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？

---The boy behind Mary.玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2.What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：

What color do you like best?（所有颜色）

你最喜爱什么颜色？

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?（有特定的范围）

你最喜爱哪一种颜色？

3.what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：

Which pictures are from China?

哪些图片来自中国？

4)频度副词的位置

1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：

always（总是，一直）usually（通常）often（常常，经常）sometimes（有时候）never（从不）

2.频度副词的位置：

a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：

David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。如：

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7：10去上学。

c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。

3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：

Never have I been there.5)every day 与 everyday

1.every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：

We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天7：10去上学。

I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。

2.everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？

6)什么是助动词

1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：

He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）

2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a.表示时态，例如：

He is singing.他在唱歌。

He has got married.他已结婚。

b.表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England.他被派往英国。

c.构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？

Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？

d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：

I don't like him.我不喜欢他。

e.加强语气，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that.他的确知道那件事。

3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7)forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do

1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)

The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)

典型例题

----The light in the office is still on.----Oh，I forgot___.A.turning it off B.turn it off

C.to turn it off D.having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2.remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

8)It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

3.for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

9)对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：

句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提问：1.Who has three pens?

2.Which boy has three pens?

3.What does the boy in blue have?

4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：

句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10)so、such与不定冠词的使用

1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11)使用-ing分词的几种情况

1.在进行时态中。如：

He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be结构中。如：

There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：

We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如：

Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball

第二篇：初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结

一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow,next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do 结构表示将来的用法：

1.表示预见

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.2.表示意图

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?

基本构成如下：

一般疑问句构成：

（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will./ No, there won't

否定句构成：will + not（won't）+do

Sarah won't come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑问句构成：

特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?

根据例句，用will改写下列各句

例：I don't feel well today.（be better tomorrow）

I'll be better tomorrow.1.Gina has six classes today.（have a lot of homework tonight）

_____________________________

2.I'm tired now.（sleep later）

_____________________________

3.My parents need a new car.（buy one soon）

_____________________________

4.We can't leave right now.（leave a little later）

_____________________________

5.The weather is awful today.（be better tomorrow）

_____________________________

答案：1.She'll have a lot of homework tonight.2.I'll sleep later.3.They'll buy one soon.4.We'll leave a little later.5.Maybe it'll be better tomorrow.

第三篇：初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结

1)leave的用法

1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？

2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2)情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？

Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点：

1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭前就能到了。She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来。3)What...? 与 Which...? 1.what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于：

What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？

---The boy behind Mary.玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2.What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：

What color do you like best?（所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?（有特定的范围）你最喜爱哪一种颜色？

3.what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如： Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国？ 4)频度副词的位置

1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always（总是，一直）usually（通常）often（常常，经常）sometimes（有时候）never（从不）2.频度副词的位置：

a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。如：

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7：10去上学。

c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如： Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如： Never have I been there.5)every day 与 everyday 1.every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天7：10去上学。

I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。

2.everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？ 6)什么是助动词

1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如： He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： a.表示时态，例如： He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。b.表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England.他被派往英国。c.构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？

Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？ d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如： I don't like him.我不喜欢他。e.加强语气，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that.他的确知道那件事。

3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7)forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do 1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)Don't forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)典型例题

----The light in the office is still on.----Oh，I forgot___.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off 答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2.remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 8)It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。3.for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)9)对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：

句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提问：1.Who has three pens? 2.Which boy has three pens? 3.What does the boy in blue have? 4.How many pens does the boy in blue have? 很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如： 句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday? 5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday? 6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends? 10)so、such与不定冠词的使用

1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如： He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如： It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11)使用-ing分词的几种情况 1.在进行时态中。如： He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be结构中。如：

There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems结构中。如： We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如： Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下结构中：

enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事 finish doing sth 完成做某事 feel like doing sth 想要做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 go on doing sth 继续做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 like doing sth 喜欢做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事 try doing sth 试图做某事 need doing sth 需要做某事 prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 miss doing sth 错过做某事 12)英语中的“单数”

1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如： he, she, it my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle 2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：

man（单数）---men（复数）banana（单数）---bananas（复数）3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如： go---goes---going---went---gone work---works---working---worked---worked watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如： The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13)名词的复数构成的几种形式

名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。I 名词复数的规则变化 1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如：

pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers desk---desks tree---trees 2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾的名词，词尾加-es。如： class---classes dish---dishes watch---watches box---boxes 3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词，词尾加-es。如： potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes Negro---Negroes hero---heroes 4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将-y变为-i,再加-es。如： family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries 5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。如： half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives self---selves wife---wives life---lives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves loaf---loaves 但是：

scarf---scarves(fes)roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs chief---chiefs proof---proofs belief---beliefs II 名词复数的不规则变化 1.将-oo改为--ee。如： foot---feet tooth---teeth 2.将-man改为-men。如： man---men woman---women policeman---policemen postman---postmen 3.添加词尾。如： child---children 4.单复数同形。如： sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish people---people 5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面”。如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen American---Americans Australian---Australians Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans Russian---Russians Indian---Indians 6.其它。如： mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers 14)双写最后一个字母的-ing分词 初中阶段常见的有以下这些： 1.let→letting 让 hit→hitting 打、撞 cut→cutting 切、割 get→getting 取、得到 sit→sitting 坐

forget→forgetting 忘记 put→putting 放 set→setting 设置

babysit→babysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿 2.shop→shopping 购物 trip→tripping 绊 stop→stopping 停止 drop→dropping 放弃 3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游 swim→swimming 游泳 run→running 跑步 dig→digging 挖、掘 begin→beginning 开始 prefer→preferring 宁愿 plan→planning 计划

15)肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词 1.some变为any。如：

There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如： Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and变为or。如： I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of(=lots of)变为many或much。如： They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）→There isn't much orange in the bottle.4.already变为yet。如： I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.16)in与after in 与 after 都可以表示时间，但二者有所区别。

1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中，以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间。如： He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。

2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如： He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。

不过，如果after后跟的是具体的时刻，它也可用于将来时。如： We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。3.注意区分以下的in的用法。I'll visit him in a week.一周后我会去拜访他。I'll visit him twice in a week.一周内我会去拜访他两次。17)不定冠词a与an的使用

1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如： There is a “b” in the word “book”.单词book中有个字母b。

类似的字母还有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。

2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如： There is an “i” in the word “onion”.单词onion中有个字母i。

类似的字母还有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗？

3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an；以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如： a useful book a universe a one-letter word an hour an uncle an umbrella an honest person 18)如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”？

英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种，常见的有以下这些：

1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如： He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如：

The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。

3、dress 可作及物动词，有“给......穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如： Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。dress 也可作不及物动词，表示衣着的习惯。如：

The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如：

John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。The man in black is a football coach.19)a little, a few 与 a bit(of)a little, a few 与 a bit(of)都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢？ 1.a little 意为“一些、少量”，后接不可数名词。如： There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一点水。还可以接形容词。如： He is a little shy.他有些害羞。

2.a few 意为“一些、少数”，后接复数的可数名词。如： There are a few people in the room.房间里有一些人。3.a bit 意为“一点儿”，后接形容词。如： It's a bit cold.有点冷。a bit of 后接不可数名词。如：

He has a bit of money.他有一点儿钱。

4.a little 表肯定意义，little 表否定意义；a few 表肯定意义，few 表否定意义。如： There is a little soda in the glass.杯子里有一点儿汽水。There is little soda in the glass.杯子里几乎没有汽水了。I have a few Chinese friends.我有一些中国朋友。Few people like him.几乎没有人喜欢他。5.a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词；

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词，意为“有点儿”。20)关于like的用法

like 可以作动词，也可以作介词。

1、like 作动词，表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”，有泛指的含义。如： Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗？ like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接动词的-ing分词（like doing sth），有时意思不尽相同。如：

She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。（习惯）

She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。（平常不喜欢吃）like 与 would 连用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客气的请求。如： Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗？

“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如： They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。

2、like 作介词，可译成“像......”。如：

She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好，就像母亲一样。It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。

3、区分以下句子： A.What does he look like? B.What is he like? A句译为“他长相如何？”指一个人的外貌特征；而B句译为“他人怎么样？”指人的性格特点。C.The boy like Peter is over there.D.A boy like Peter can't do it.A句指外貌相似，而D句指性格相似。21)stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth 1.stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如： The students stop to listen to their teacher.学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。2.stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如：

The students stopped talking.学生们停止了谈话。

与它们相反的句式是：go on to do sth “继续做某事（与刚才一事不同）”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事（与刚才同一件事）”。如：

He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.他完成了作业，接着继续去念英语。

They went on playing games.他们继续玩游戏。

------------------

第四篇：初二英语语法总结（范文）

初二英语语法总结

一.知识点总结： 一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do 结构表示将来的用法：

1.表示预见

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.2.表示意图

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成：

（1）will+主语+do„? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be „?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will./ No, there won‟t

否定句构成：will + not（won’t）+do

Sarah won‟t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑问句构成：

特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋„？What will Sarah do next Sunday?

根据例句，用will改写下列各句

例：I don’t feel well today.（be better tomorrow）

I‟ll be better tomorrow.1.Gina has six classes today.（have a lot of homework tonight）

_____________________________

2.I’m tired now.（sleep later）

_____________________________

3.My parents need a new car.（buy one soon）

_____________________________

4.We can’t leave right now.（leave a little later）

_____________________________

5.The weather is awful today.（be better tomorrow）

_____________________________ 答案：1.She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.2.I‟ll sleep later.3.They‟ll buy one soon.4.We‟ll leave a little later.5.Maybe it‟ll be better tomorrow.（二）should的用法：

should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。

She drives a lot and she seldom walks.So I think she should walk a lot.她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

Students shouldn‟t spend too much time playing computer games.学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。

学习向别人提建议的几种句式：

（1）I think you should„

（2）Well, you could„

（3）Maybe you should „

（4）Why don’t you„?

（5）What about doing sth.?

（6）You’d better do sth.用should或shouldn’t填空

1.I can‟t sleep the night before exams.You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.2.Good friends ______ argue each other.3.There is little milk in the glass.We _______ buy some.4.They didn‟t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.5.I am a little bit overweight.So I think I _______ do exercises every day.答案：1.should 2.shouldn’t 3.should 4.should 5.should

（三）过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。

1.构成

was /were + doing，例如：

I was watching TV at 9 o‟clock last night.at 9 o’clock last night是时间点

They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon是时间段

2.过去进行时的标志词

at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：

I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。

At that time she was writing a book.那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.2.At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.3.When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.4.She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.5.I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.答案：1.was reading 2.were having 3.came;was reading

4.was playing;was cooking 5.was having;called

（四）间接引语 形成步骤：

（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号

（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）

（3）要考虑时态的变化

（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。

1.直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时

2.直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律 直接引语

1.am / is 2.are

3.have / has 4.will 5.can 6.may 间接引语 1.was 2.were

3.had 4.would 5.could 6.might 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.She said I _____（be）hard-working.2.Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.3.She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.4.Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.5.Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.答案：1.was 2.was 3.went 4.might 5.was reading

请转述他人说的话：

1.I go to the beach every Saturday.（Tom）

2.I can speak three languages.（Lucy）

3.I will call you tomorrow.（Mike）

4.I’m having a surprise party for Lana.（she）

（五）if引导的条件状语从句

结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时 含义：如果„„，将要„„

例如：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请求他，他会帮助你。

If need be, we‟ll work all night.如果需要，我们就干个通宵。

根据中文提示，完成句子。

1.如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。

If you ________ the party, you __________.2.如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。

If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.3.如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。

If you often ________, you _________________.答案：

1.If you go to the party, you will have a good time

2.If it rains tomorrow, we won‟t go to the picnic

3.If you often listen to English songs, you‟ll like English

二.完形填空特点及解题思路

（一）题型分类与特点

完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。

1.完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150－200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。

2.选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。（A）

Jack wanted to ask for two days off，he had only learnt the phrase（短语）“have a day off”.He , then he had an idea.“Grandmother is ill.May I have a day off, ? ”he asked the teacher.“Of course, you can.”replied（答复）the teacher at once.After a while, the boy came to

at the teacher‟s door.“May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn‟t you

it just now? ”“Yes, sir.But I can‟t be here , either.”The teacher understood him and could not help.Then he said with a smile, “Why didn‟t you say„May I have two days off? ‟”The boy answered quickly

a loud voice.“But you only

us„have a day off!‟”（）1.A.but

B.and

C.or

D.for（）2.A.thought hardly

B.thought hard and hard

C.hard thought

D.thought and thought（）3.A.Miss B.sir

C.teacher D.Mr（）4.A.strike B.best

C.hit

D.knock（）5.A.also B.again

C.too

D.once（）6.A.speak B.tell

C.say

D.do（）7.A.tomorrow

B.the day after tomorrow

C.yesterday

D.the day before yesterday

（）8.A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughed D.laughing（）9.A.with B.on

C.in

D.by（）10.A.teach B.taught

C.are teaching D.were teaching

（B）

请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。

than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what

A generation gap（代沟）has become a serious problem.I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper.Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels（争吵）with parents.I think this is _______（3）they don’t have a good talk with each other.Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office._______（5）they don’t have much time to stay with their children.As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don’t have the same topics（话题）to talk about.I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them.And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents.They are the people who _______（9）you.So tell them your thoughts（想法）.In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：

1.跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。

2.结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。

3.瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。

4.复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：

1.跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。

2.复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

3.三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

（三）课文阅读指导

1.初中阅读

阅读理解能力

（1）理解主旨要义

（2）理解文中具体信息

（3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义

（4）做出简单判断的推理

（5）理解文章的基本结构

（6）理解作者的意图和态度

2.培养良好阅读习惯

（1）扩大视距

（2）克服声读

（3）克服逐字读

3.猜测词文

（1）通过标题或主题句进行预测

（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。

（3）通过语篇标记进行预测

（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。

（5）利用背景知识预测

（6）利用图片进行预测

【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）一.选择填空。

（）1.Beijing won the chances _________ the 2008 Olympics.A.to host

B.host

C.hosting D.hosted（）2.Tiger Woods can make billions ______ dollars a year.A.for B.with C.of D.on（）3.－You looked so beautiful at the party.－_______.A.No, I don‟t think so

B.Of course

C.Thank you very much

D.No, I‟m not beautiful

（）4.The text is very easy for you.There are ______ new words in it.A.a few B.a little C.few D.little（）5.In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book.A.that B.what C.how D.if（）6.－In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.－I don’t agree.Speaking is _______ reading.A.as important as B.so important as

C.the more important D.the most important（）7.If he ________ harder, he’ll catch up with us.A.work B.works C.worked D.will work（）8.The manager ________ that the business would be worse after the stock（股票）went down.A.talked B.told C.said D.spoke（）9.We should keep _________ in the reading-room.A.quiet B.quietly C.quite D.quickly（）10.－I think everything goes on well.－_______.A.So I do B.I do so C.So do I

D.So is I

（）11.If you want to watch TV, you may turn _______.A.down B.it on C.on it D.it off

（）12.I’m sorry I haven’t got any money.I’ve ________ my handbag at home.A.missed B.left C.put D.forgotten（）13.He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes.A.after B.before C.that D.while（）14.It takes ________ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.A.more B.fewer C.longer D.less（）15.－Excuse me.Have you got an eraser?

－Sorry, I haven’t.Why _______ you ask Mary? Perhaps she’s got one.A.do B.don‟t C.did D.didn‟t

二.选择恰当的答语。

_____1.What were you doing when the UFO landed?

A.Your teacher won‟t let you in._____2.Will people use paper

B.He said I couldn‟t stay out late.money in the future?

_____3.I can‟t sleep, what should I do?

C.I was doing my homework._____4.If I wear jeans to school，D.No, they won‟t.Everyone

what will happen?

will have a credit card._____5.What did your father say?

E.You should listen to some

relaxing music.三.根据汉语提示填空：

1.不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗？

I don‟t know __________ to do, can you give me some _______?

2.外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。

While the alien was _______ a souvenir, I ________ the police.3.我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。

On my way home from school, I saw a cat get ________ _______ a window.4.我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。

I don‟t want to talk _________ it with you _________ the phone.5.我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。

We are going to have a _______ party for John ________ Friday evening.四.完形填空：

把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。

Three men went up in a balloon（气球）.They started early in London.The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio.Soon they heard the sea.They were carrying the usual rope（绳子）, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon.At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box.This could hold water, or it could be empty.So.It was for use over the sea.They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher.It went up to 3,000 metres, and.The water in the balloon became ice.Snow fell past the men‟s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground., but it was hard.They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy.The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand.One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket.It was still snowing;so.They rose to 5,100 metres!Everything became icy.They were so cold that they decided to land.They came down in Poland heavily but safely.They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London!A.The men tried to throw out some more sand

B.they were able to change its weight（重量）

C.They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.D.they climbed to get away from the snow E.the air there was very cold

五.阅读理解（A）

Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend

Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge.He was thinking a oblem.While he was waiting, it began to rain.The rain kept on for some time.When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining.His clothes had become wet.But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.Many scientists are not careful with their lives.This is because they are too careful with their studies.1.What did Einstein do? He was ______.A.a doctor B.a teacher C.a scientist

2.Why was Einstein on a bridge.A.Because he was writing something on the bridge.B.Because he was waiting for a friend.C.Because he was thinking.3.It rained _________.A.sometimes B.for some time C.for a long time

4.Einstein ________ and began to write something on it.A.bought a piece of paper.B.took a piece of paper from his car.C.took out a piece of paper from his pocket.5.Which is true?

A.Einstein was careful with his work.B.Einstein was careful with his clothes.C.Einstein was careful with his friends.（B）

生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据1－5小题所描述的救护方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画（本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不给分。）

1.If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once.The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way.Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.2.If the person is bleeding（流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding.Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.3.If you are bitten（cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water.Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth.Then see a doctor as soon as possible.4.If you are burnt（hurt by fire or something very hot）, cool the burnt part at once.Run cool（not cold）water over the burn until it is less painful.Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.5.If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it‟s very dangerous.The lift may get trapped between floors.Use the stairs and leave the building at once.1._____2._____3._____4._____5._____ Here are some pictures to choose.六.写作：

（从下列2封来信中选择一封写回信。）Dear friend，There will be a party this weekend.All my friends are invited to the party except me.I am angry.And I don‟t know why they didn‟t invite me!What do you think? Can you help me? Upset

Dear friend，I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad.Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just so so.I want to improve my English.What should I do? Could you give me some advice? Looking for help

Dear _______，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.【试题答案】

（A）1.A 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B

6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.B（B）1.report 2.themselves 3.because

4.much / more 5.So 6.that 7.tell

8.to 9.love 10.understanding 参考练习答案：

一.1.A 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.D

6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C

11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 二.1.C 2.D 3.E 4.A 5.B 三.1.what, advice 2.buying, called

3.out, of 4.about, on 5.surprise, on 四.1.C 2.B 3.E 4.D 5.A 五.（A）1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A（B）1.C 2.B 3.F 4.G 5.E

第五篇：初二英语语法

初二英语语法大全

动词时态的句子结构及关键词: 一般现在时:

句子结构: 肯定句 主语+be(am, is, are)+ 其他

否定句 主语+be not +其他

疑问句 Be+主语+其他

或: 肯定句 主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语动词要加“s”)

否定句 主语+don't+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语don't改为doesn't)

疑问句 DO+主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语do改为doess)

关键词: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday

afternoon, at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等.注:在时间壮语从句,条件壮语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时,这时一般从 句用一般现在时,主句用将来时

现在进行时:

句子结构:肯定句 主语+be +动词的现在分词+其他

否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词+其他

疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他 关键词:now, right now, at the moment, It's+几点钟等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示语.一般将来时:

句子结构: 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他

否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他

疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他

(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)关键词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year，at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days' time, in the future 等.一般过去时:

句子结构:肯定句 主语+be(was,were)+其他

否定句 主语+be not+其他

疑问句 Be+主语+其他

或: 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他

否定句 主语+did not+动词原型+其他

疑问句 Did+主语+动词原型+其他

关键词:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term, 一段时间+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the 1980s等.Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等.过去进行时:

句子结构: 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他

否定句 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他

疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他

关键词:具体时间+过去的时间壮语 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at

this time last Sunday等.现在完成时:

句子结构:肯定句 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(第三人称单数用has)

否定句 主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他

疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他

关键词:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段时间,since+过去的

时间或过去时从句.或this year alone“今年以来”,these five years alone“这五年

以来”,in the last ten years “在过去的十年中”等.过去将来时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+ would+ 动词原型+其他

否定句 主语+ would not + 动词原型+ 其他

疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他

(would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would可用should)

过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中.过去完成时:

句子结构: 肯定句 主语+had + 动词的过去分词+其他

否定句 主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他

疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他

关键词:by+过去某一时间点 如:by last year, by the end of+过去某一时间点 如:

by the end of last year, before+过去某一时间点,by the time +从句,或宾语从 句中最后,请记住:

It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, I'm sure it will be all right.这不是世界末日,试着往事情好的方面看,我确认一切都会好起来.英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态，我们可以从以下方面进行小结：

一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）结构：主语 + be + 过去分词

时态：1.一般现在时： am(is, are)done.2.带情态动词的被动语态：must(can, may, should, need, would)be done 3.一般过去时： was(were)done * 4.一般将来时： will(shall)be done * 5.现在进行时： am(is, are)being done 6.现在完成时： have(has)been done

二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。1．主语 + 连系动词 + 表语(S+V+P)此结构不可用被动语态。(正)The flowers smell sweet.(误)The flowers are smelt sweet.2．主语 + 不及物动词(S+V)此结构不可变被动语态。

(正)An accident happened last night.(误)An accident was happened last night.3．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语(S + V+ O)（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children.（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。

We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4．主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。He showed us a picture.We were shown a picture.（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等 常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等 A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.5． 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(S+ V+ O + C)如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.6.“be + 过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。

I'm interested in mathematics.我对数学感兴趣。

*7.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The woman's clothes sell well.女装卖的快。This book sells best.这本书很畅销.英语语法大全下载

1、所有格：He is Fred's best friend.（-'s）

2、动词现在时的第三人称单数：Alfredo works.（-s）

3、动词过去式：Fred worked.（-ed），但亦有不规则变化。

4、现在分词／进行时态：Fred is working.（-ing）（［注］如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节，则须双写末辅音，如running）

5、过去分词：The car was stolen.（-en）；Fred has talked to the police.（-ed），但亦有不规则变化。

6、动名词：Working is good for the soul.（-ing）

7、名词的复数：Fred has two blue eyes.（-s）（［注］如果动词的尾字是s,sh,x,ch，则需加-es，如dishes）

8、形容词的比较级：Fred is smarter than Rick.（-er）形容词末尾加-er，多音节在前面”加more，如“more difficult”。

9、形容词的最高级：Fred has the fastest car.（-est）形容词末尾加-est，多音节词在前面加most，如“the most difficult”。

英语的基本语序为SVO，且基本上不能任意变换语序，除了在少数诗词以外；另一方面，有时英语会使用OSV的语序。（注：S：Subject［主语］；V：Verbal phrase［谓语］；O：Object［宾语］）

英语中所有的词可分成十大类，每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这十大词类是：

一、名 词：表示人或事物的名称的词。

二、形容词：表示人或事物的特征的词。

三、副 词：修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。

四、代 词：是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。

五、数 词：表示数量和顺序的词。

六、动 词：表示动作和状态的词。

七、冠 词：与名词连用，其说明人或事物的作用。

八、介 词：通常置于名词和代词之前，表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。

九、连 词：连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。

十、感叹词：表示说话人感情或语气的词。

英语的时态

英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。）

英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。

（1）一般现在时

基本形式（以do为例）：

第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）；

肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他；

否定句：主语＋don„t＋动词原形＋其他；

一般疑问句：Do＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。

肯定回答：Yes，＋ 主语＋do．

否定回答：No，＋主语＋don't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语序（2）一般过去时

be动词＋行为动词的过去式

was／were＋not；在行为动词前加didn„t，同时还原行为动词

was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词

（3）一般将来时

am／are／is＋going to＋do

will／shall＋do

am/is/are/about to + do

am/is/are to + do

一般将来时的表达方法

be going to +动词原形

be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形

be able to +不定式

be about to+动词原形

(4)过去将来时

be（was，were）going to+动词原形

be（was，were）about to+动词原形

be（was，were）to+动词原形

肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～.否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～.疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？

肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？

(5)现在进行时

主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式

第一人称+am+doing+sth

第二人称+are+doing +sth

第三人称+is+doing+sth(6)过去进行时

肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它

否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语：Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它

(7)将来进行时

动词be的将来时+现在分词

(8)过去将来进行时

should(would)+be+现在分词

(9)现在完成时

基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他

(10)过去完成时

基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他

肯定回答：Yes,主语+had

否定回答：No,主语+hadn't

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）

语法判定:

（1）by + 过去的时间点。如：

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（2）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：

We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（3）before + 过去的时间点。如：

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11)将来完成时

（shall）will+have+动词过去分词

before+将来时间或by+将来时间

before或by the time引导的现在时的从句

(12)过去将来完成时

should / would have done sth.(13)现在完成进行时

have/has been +-ing 分词

(14)过去完成进行时

had been +-ing 分词

(15)将来完成进行时

主语+ shall/will have been doing(16)过去将来完成进行时

should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称 would have been+现在分词用于其他人称