新概念第二册课文学习笔记02

第一篇：新概念第二册课文学习笔记02

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§ Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐?

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It was Sunday.I never get up early on Sundays.I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.Last Sunday I got up very late.I looked out of the window.It was dark outside.'What a day!' I thought.'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang.It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said.'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.'What are you doing?' she asked.„I‟m having breakfast,' I repeated.'Dear me,' she said.'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!''

那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上个星期天，我起得很晚。我望望窗外，外面一片昏暗。“鬼天气！”我想，“又下雨了。”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。“我刚下火车，”她说，“我这就来看你。”

“但我还在吃早饭，”我说。

“你在干什么？”她问道。

“我正在吃早饭，”我又说了一遍。

“天啊，”她说，“你总是起得这么晚吗？现在已经1点钟了！”

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【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★untilprep.直到

直到...才;直到...为止

后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句

1)His father didn't die until he came back.(肯定)

直到他回来,他爸爸才死.2)His father was alive until he came back.(否定)

直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.到他回来这一点之前,没死 : not die;活的 : 不加not.把until作为时间终止线

从句的时间终点之前,这个动作做了还是没做?

做了——肯定;

没做——否定.For he ___A(C)___(wait)until it stopped raining.A.waitedB.didn't wait

A.leaveB.leftC.didn't leave

I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.★outsideadv.外面

作状语

He is waiting for me outside.It is cold outsid.上海洛基国际英语单词真功夫网络课程免费试听

ring(rang.rung)v.(铃、电话等)响(刺耳的)

[注]这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事

The telephone(door bell)is ringing.而风铃等响要用jingle

jingle(bell):(铃儿)响叮当

给某人打电话 : ring sb.Tomorrow I'll ring you.打电话(名): give sb.a ring

Remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring

戒指(名词)n

★aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)

与此相同, 男性则是uncle: 叔叔

他们的孩子 : cousin : 堂兄妹(不分男女)

cousin的孩子 : nephew : 外甥, niece : 外甥女[记 : “捏死” ]

★repeatv.重复

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【课文讲解】

On Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天

never: 从来不(可以直接用在动词前面)=not(变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)

I don't like her.=I never like her.因为是上个星期,所以时态不是一般现在时.look out of :朝窗外看 out of是固定搭配

从...里:from, out of

dark: 天很黑

What a day?

What + a + n.——感叹句

It is a terrible day.==> What a terrible day!

what+a/an(+a.)+n.(+主语+谓语)

What a terrible day!

省略 : 1.主、谓随时可省

what a good girl(she is)!

2.省形容词

What a day!有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词.just then: 就在那时

It was my aunt Lucy.如果不知道对方性别, 可以用it取代

Who are you?/Who is it ?

just只会出现在 “现在完成时”

by train

by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)

如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或on

I go out by bus.若是两辆 : I go out in/on two buses.I'm coming to see you.我将要来看你.用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来

同样的用法还有 : go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join...前4个一定要记住

天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!

美国人说 : My god注意美英的发音不同.It‟s one o‟clock!注意下划线要连读!

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【Key structures】 关键句型

本课的重点句型是现在进行和一般现在.Now,often and Always 表示现在和经常发生的动作

Now——现在进行时(说话的当时正在发生, 现阶段正在发生)

Often , Always——一般现在时

“现阶段”:I am working as a teacher.I do.../he does...I get up...一般现在时, 是一种习惯, 真理, 是过去, 现在和未来都会发生的事情.现在还在睡觉

He is still sleeping.频率副词往往放在句子中间, 实义动词前, 非实义动词后

如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间.疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面.非实义动词 : 1.系动词(be)

2.助动词帮助动词构成时态的(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)

3.情态动词 :(must,can,may)除此之外都是实义动词.更多学习请加入，学习QQ群：192777068

p4 Exercises

1I am looking out of my window.I can see some children in the street.The children ______(play)football.They always ______(play)football in the street.Now a little boy ______(kick)the ball.Another boy ______(run)after him but he cannot catch him.2I carried my bags into the hall.‘What you ______(do)?’my landlady asked.‘I ______(leave), Mrs.Lynch, ’ I answered.‘Why you ______(leave)?’ she asked.‘You have been here only a week.’

‘A week too long, Mrs.Lynch, ’ I said.‘There are too many rules in this house.My friends never ______(come)to visit me.Dinner is always at seven o'clock, so I frequently ______(go)to bed hungry.You don't like noise, so I rarely ______(listen)to theradio.The heating doesn't work, so I always ______(feel)cold.This is a terrible place for a man like me.Goodbye, Mrs.Lynch.’

1.are playing;“always” play;is kicking“now”;is running

2.are you doing;am leaving;(用进行时态表达将来时:go,come.leave,arrive

join,return,die,land,meet)

“别人用什么时态, 你就用什么时态”are you leaving

come

go(I go to bed hungry.形容词做状语)

(rarely 很少)listen

”doesn't work“ 停止工作, 已坏了, 不起作用了.feel

I frequently go to bed hungry(背诵)

He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学.You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.更多学习请加入，学习QQ群：192777068

【Special Difficulties】 难点

What+a/an+a.+n.+主语+谓语

What 对名词感叹

3.He is causing a lot of trouble

名词:trouble

主语:he

动词:is causing

What(a lot of)trouble(he is causing)!

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays.He gets up ______.a.lateb.lately c.slowly d.hardly

5.”not early"

late(adj./adv.)lately(adv.)=recently(adv.)最近的,近来的.how are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗?

A

8He ______ out of the window and saw that it was raining.a.looked b.saw c.remarked d.watched

8.A

look(vi.):表示看的动作;后面一定要加介词

see(vt.): 表示看的结果;后面直接加宾语

watch : 表示观看;后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西 look at pictures(对)watch pictures(错)

11Breakfast is the first ______ of the day.a.food b.dinner c.lunch d.meal

11.D

lunch :中餐food :食物

dinner:正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐.meal : 一顿饭

频率副词,放在实义动词前, 非实义动词后;

如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词.要放在两个之间

疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面

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第二篇：新概念第二册课文学习笔记03（推荐）

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§ Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card 请给我寄张明信片

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【Text】

Lesson 3Please send me a card请给我寄一张明信片

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.How many cards did the writer send?

Postcards always spoil my holidays.Last summer, I went to Italy.I visited museums and sat in public gardens.A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.Then he lent me a book.I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word.Everyday I thought about postcards.My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.On the last day I made a big decision.I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards.I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

参考译文

明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁.去年夏天, 我去了意大利.我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园.一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语, 之后还借给我一本书.我读了几行, 但一个字也不懂.我每天都想着明信片的事.假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片.到了最后一天, 我作出了一项重大决定.我早早起了床, 买来了37张明信片.我在房间里关了整整一天.然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!

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【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★sendv.寄, 送

寄信 : send a letter

用法 : send sth to sb/send sb sth

类似的用法还有give,take,pass,read,sell...send/take children to school

区别 : take : 强调某人亲自送;take flowers to his wife 自己送

send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车 send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送

postcardn.明信片

[注意]/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音

send him a card

简写为card, 由此引申出 :

namecard/visiting card : 名片

Here is my namecard.(口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)

ID card:身份证;ID : 身分, 身份(identification, identity)

credit card:信用卡

cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种)

★spoil(spoiled or spoilt)v.使索然无味, 损坏(重点词)

几种破坏 :

break: 打破;break the windows 打破玻璃

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damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重

destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁

以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil主要指精神上

spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好;生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱

1、宠坏 His parents spoiled the boy.2、毁了某人心情.This spoiled my day.What you said spoiled me.His arrival spoiled my hoilday.★museumn.博物馆

Palace Museum:故宫

★publicadj.公共的这个词我们在第一课见过了, 基本用法和private一起记.下面再说两点 :

public house简称pub : 酒吧;public place 公共场所

in public:公开的;in private:私下里的(介词短语在英语中往往充当状语)

Let’s have a conversation in private.让我们私下谈谈?

Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)

★friendlyadj.友好的以-ly结尾是形容词, 同样的还有lovely adj.friendly单独用, 形容词, 一般做定语来用

作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way

waitern.服务员, 招待员

waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里

领班 : chief waiter

商店里的店员 : shop assistant

其他公共场所的服务员:attendant

★lendv.借给 lend to / lend sth.to sb/ lend sb.sth.借进 : borrow: borrow from;但borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.★decisionn.决定

v.decide

make a big/great dicision(重大/伟大, 更重大)

★wholeadj.整个的all the...: all the day(the可省略)

the whole..: the whole day.all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词

一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the

all of us;all of the students

★singleadj.唯一的, 单一的反义词 : double 双倍的更多学习请加入，学习QQ群：192777068

【课文讲解】

The baby spoilded my night.Italian[]于Italy[] : 注意读音不同

and 先后往往是对等的概念, but也是如此

teach sb.sth.He teaches our English.(错)

He teacher us English.(对)

语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian

I can speak a little English/a few words of English

think about/of 考虑, 思考, think of还可指想到

think over:仔细考虑

last summer里的last表示 “上一个”

last:表示 “上一个” 或 “最后一个” , 表示 “最后一个” 时要加冠词the

具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on

I spend the whole day in my room.spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间

I spend three hours in the sea.I spend my weekend at my mother's.I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)

Review回顾 :

spoil

send/lend/teach sb.sth.send/lend/teach sth.to sb

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【Special Difficulties】 难点

双宾语 : 直接宾语(表示动作结果)和间接宾语(动作目标)

give sb.sth./give sth to sb

sb: 间接宾语

sth: 直接宾语

间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对……而言)或for(为……而做)

give a book to me.I buy a book for you

take flowers to my wife.order soup for you.可以翻译为 “给”、“替”、“为” 的, 就用for;如果只能翻译为 “给” 的, 就用to

与for相连的buy,order,make,find

find sth.for sb.do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙

Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me.帮我一个忙

Exercise

1.He paid some money to the shop-keeper.3.The writer brought the man a bottle of beer.在日常生活中, 碰到熟人 : Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的概念.What do you think of?

What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样?

cold,chilly,freeze, I'll freeze.我要冻僵了

What do you think of TV program last night?

send somebody something

send something to somebody

give, take, pass, read, sell, buy

find something for somebody

make buyDo a favor for me.Can I order something for you?

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【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4______ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.a.Who taughtb.Who did teachc.What did he teachd.Whom did he teach 找特殊疑问词的时候一定要根据答案来决定

who whom

人做主语提问——who对宾语提问——whom

如果对主语提问, 则句子的的语序和陈述句语序一样

如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序

A 正确who既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom只能对宾语提问

Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?

5He was a friendly waiter.He spoke to the writer ______.a.friendb.as friendsc.like friendsd.in a friendly way

He spoke to the writer like a friend.in...way :以...方式

D正确

friendly单独用, 形容词, 一般做定语来用

作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way

7He spent the whole day in his room.He was in his room ______ day.a.the holeb.the allc.alld.all of

wholeall the day;all of us

C正确

all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修修饰词

一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the

all of the friendsall of my friendsall of the students

10On the last day he made a big decision.It was the ______ day of his holiday.a.finalb.endc.latestd.bottom

the last day, final——形容词end——名词/动词

bottom——名词形容词修饰 day

latest:最新的latest newslatest style 新款

11He made a big decision.He ______.a.thought about itb.made up his mind.changed his mindd.made a wish think about:考虑、思考、想

make up one's mind:下定决心

change one's mind:改变主意

make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿

B正确

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【Key structures】 关键句型

Exercise B

My friend, Roy, ______(die)last year.He ______(leave)me his CD player and his collection of CDs.Roy ______(spend)a lot of money on CDs.He ______(buy)one or two new CDs every week.He never ______(go)to the cinema or to the theatre.He ______(stay)at home every evening and ______(listen)to music.He often ______(lend)CDs to his friends.Sometimes they ______(keep)them.He ______(lose)many CDs in this way.died有具体的过去时间一定是具体的过去式

一般现在时

bought kept lent...更多学习请加入，学习QQ群：192777068

第三篇：新概念第二册课文学习笔记11

上海洛基国际英语 单词真功夫免费试听 QQ群

§ Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来

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I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank.He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table.He has never borrowed money from me.While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately.'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'

参考译文

我正在一家饭馆吃饭, 托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来.托尼曾在一家律师事务所工作, 而现在正在一家银行上班.他的薪水很高, 但他却总是向朋友借钱, 并且从来不还.托尼看见了我, 就走过来和我坐到一张桌子前.他从未向我借过钱.当他吃饭时, 我提出向他借20英镑.令我惊奇的是, 他立刻把钱给了我.“我还从未向你借过钱, “托尼说道, “所以现在你可以替我付饭钱了!”

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【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★turnn.行为, 举止

behavior : 行为, 举止

pay attention to your behavior

turn : 对人有影响力的行为

★deservev.应得到, 值得

He deserves praise.他应该得到表扬

Yor deserve the best.你应该得到最好的1、deserve + n.promotion : 提升

He deserved a promotion.2、deserve to do: 应该...She deserved to be punished.Good work deserves good pay.★lawyern.律师

lawyer's office : 律师事务所

★bankn.银行

rob the bank : 抢银行

★salaryn.工资

pay : 工资(salary+wage)通用

salary:工资(月薪, 年薪)……有固定工作或管理阶层

wage:工资(按小时, 周计算的)……不稳定的工作

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bonus : 奖金, 分红

collet:搜集, 领取collect salary/wage : 领工资

★immediatelyadv.立刻

at once : 立刻, 马上

right now : 现在right away : ＝at once,immediately 立刻, 马上

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【课文讲解】

One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来, 善有善报

One bad turn deserves another 恶有恶报

restaurant[]:注意读音

work for……强调工作

work in……强调in后面的地点

some/several years ago

名词-s,前面省略了some

working at a bank 比较稳定

He gets a good salary.薪水不错

The teachers in the new oriental school can get good salary.borrow from : 从...借

never=not 前面不需要加助动词

pay back : 还钱

and连接三个并列的动词

at the same table : 坐在同一张桌子旁边

at table : 吃饭

at the table:坐在桌子旁边

Would you like to join us?

has never borrowed 潜台词perhaps,this time he would borrow from me

ask sb.to do请求某人做...to my surprise:真让我惊讶

pay for : 为...而付钱

ask for:问...要

I have paid for you a dinner.I have paid 20 dollars for the book.(强调)

It's my treat.我请客

Let's go dutch.AA制

This timeis your treat.next time is my turn.更多学习请加入，学习QQ群：192777068

【Key structures】 关键句型

Exercises A

a.what is happening now……进行时态

b.what always happens……一般时态

c.what happened……过去时态

d.what has happened……现在完成时态

e.what was happening……过去进行时态

a.He is now working at a bank.(现阶段)

We are learning English.b.(现在、过去、将来)习惯、反复

He always lent his CD to the others.(过去)

I will visit you.(将来)

I visit you(无论现在, 过去, 还是将来)

c.在过去的时间里, 发生的事情, 不强调对现在的影响和跟其它时间的比较, 叫一般过去式.过去的过去……过去完成时

有过去发生的动作, 但是还强调对现在的影响……现在完成时

有(yesterday,last night)以前的事情, 没有强调对现在的影响……一般过去时

d.过去的行为对现在产生的影响或者过去的行为一直延续到现在……现在完成时

e.过去某一特定时间发生的动作……过去进行时

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Exercises C

1He usually ______(get)up at 7o'clock, but this morning he ______(get)up at 6o'clock.2So far, we not ______(have)a reply.3While he ______(write)on the blackboard, the children ______(talk).4I can't come now.At the moment I ______(type)a letter.5As the royal visitors ______(pass), the people cheered.DSupply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.1.gets...got

2.have not had(have-have had)

so far:up to now 到目前为止现在完成时

3.was writingwere talking

4.I'm typingat the moment……标志着现在进行时;now

5.were passing

Exercises D

The Taj Mahal ______(build)in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan.A few years after he______(become)ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, ______(die).The Taj

Mahal ______(build)in her honour.Experts ______(call)in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls.The Taj Mahal which ______(begin)in 1632and ______(complete)in 1654______(cost)a fortune.Up to the present day, it ______(visit)by millions of people....动词的正确语态填空, 时态

先确定主被动, 然后确定时态

in the seventeenth century……一般过去时的标志

The Taj Mahal……泰姬陵

was built;

became;

died;

was built

in one's honour: 为了纪念某人

were called(call in:召集)

was begun;

was completed;

cost;

has been visited;(up to the present day=up to now)

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【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4Tony is working at a bank ______.a.at the moment b.a year ago c.since last year d.for a year

4.a

at the moment:现在进行时

since:自从点时间

for:一段(+段时间)

for three hours;since yesterday;for a day;for three days

since three days ago

8He gets a good salary.His salary is very ______.a.good b.well c.fine d.beautiful

8.a

good salarywell:表示好的时候一般用作副词

He is well.(一般指身体好)

fine……天气好, 质量好

beautiful美丽 漂亮的10Tony must pay the money back.He must ______.a.pay it again b.pay it c.repay it d.pay it once more

10.c

pay back:还钱

pay something:付钱pay again;再次付钱

pay it :付钱once more=again

repay it =pay back

11There aren't enough chairs here for us all.Please bring ______ one.a.other b.another c.extra d.a different

11.one……代词, 指代上文的名词The red one.a different one

one……指代单数可数名词,可数名词单数前一定要加’a/an’如 : He is a boy

an other

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【Special Difficulties】 难点

I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.ask somebody to do something.want to do somethingwant somebody to do

会用sb to do sth的动词 :

ask;want;tell;order;expect;wish;allow;advise;like;teach;prefer...一定不能说 hope somebody to do 正确用法 : hope to do(希望自己)或hope that(希望别人)

Exercises A(将括弧内的词按正确的语序排好.)

1The officer ordered(to fire, at the enemy, the men).2He wants(his wife, this dress, to wear).3She wants(us, it, to explain).4I cannot allow(the room, him, to enter).BWrite similar sentences using the following.1.order somebody to do

...the man to fire at the enemy

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Exercises B(模仿以上例句完成以下句子)

1He asked ______

2We prefer ______

3He taught ______

4My mother wished ______

5Do you want ______ ?

1.He ask somebody to do something

He asked his wife to let him in.2.prefer : 宁可

I prefer him to die...........b.salary wagesc.borrow fromlend to

Exercises:

1He is a bank manager and he gets a good ______.2I ______ him some money and he said he would give it back to me when he got his 3Yesterday he ______ my laptop.I hope he returns it soon.4The postmen are on strike again.They want higher ______.5Workmen's ______ have gone up a lot in the last year.1.salary;

2.lendslary/wages

3.borrowed(laptop:手提电脑)

4.wages.5.wages.难点 :

...somebody to do something

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第四篇：新概念第二册笔记72

Lesson 72A car called bluebird

★burstv.爆裂

① vi.爆炸，爆裂

A tyre burst during the second run.The balloon burst.② vt.& vi.突然打开

We burst the door open.While I was reading, the door burst open and John came in.【课文讲解】

1、The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour.在the second，the next/the last以及表示最高级的如the best，the most intelligent 等后可以用to引导的不定式短语做定语，这些词语后面可以接名词或one(s)，也可以不接：

She’s always the first to arrive and the last to leave.You’re the best person to advise me about buying a house.你是我买房子的最好顾问。

the only后必须接一个名词或one(s)：

You’re the only person/one to complain.per 表示“每一，每”，通常用于商业及技术用语，日常用语大多用a/an：You can stay at the hotel at $10 per person per night.You must have been driving at seventy miles an/per hour.2、It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2,500-horsepower engine.feet in length30英尺长

3、Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run.have difficulty(in)doing sth.做……有困难

He has grown a beard and I had difficulty(in)recognizing him.the first run开始的行程

the next run is forty miles.下一段赛程为40英里。

4、Following in his father's footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolm's son, Donald, also set up a world record.follow in one’s footsteps步某人的后尘，仿效某人，继承某人的事业He intends to follow in his father’s footsteps and to become a dentist.1

第五篇：新概念第二册课堂笔记Lesson69

Lesson 69

But not murder!【语法 Grammar in use】 被动语态

（1）被动语态的基本形式：

Recently it was damaged by a visitor.最近它被一个客人弄坏了。（一般过去时）Passing planes can be heard night and day.过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。（与情态助动词连用）

Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。（must与被动语态的完成式连用）The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.人们正用火车给他把自行车送回家。（被动语态用于过去进行时）He never expected the thief to be arrested.他从未指望那小偷能被逮着。（被动语态用于复合宾语中的不定式结构中）The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。（用于过去完成时）（2）被动语态还可以用于介词+动名词结构中。

介词（after, before, on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用 after+动名词的完成式表示第1个动作；

如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或 before）+动名词结构； on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：

After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。

The man called the police after being robbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话。He killed a child before being arrested.他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子。

On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。

被动语态用于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语中。（3）被动语态用于 want后面的不定式中时，to be可以省略： I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.我希望有人今天下午去把行李从旅馆取回来。

want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作。（4）被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性 【New words and expressions】 ★murder

n.谋杀

Murder is a horrible crime.谋杀是一种恐怖的罪行。murder v.谋杀/糟蹋，毁了

They found that he had been murdered.他们判定他是被谋杀的 Panjinlian, together with Xienqiang murdered her husband.He murdered the whole work.murderer杀人犯 ★instruct

v.命令，指示

instruct someone to do something 命令某人做某事 I have been instructed to wait here until he comes instruction n.说明书

★acquire

v.取得，获得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语言等），养成（习惯等）After many years efforts, I finally acquired the trust of my workmates.acquire confidence

获得信心

Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years’ time.Tom acquired a habit of smoking.★confidence

n.信心

She has a lot of confidence.她充满了自信.She has great confidence in her success.shatter sb’s confidence动摇某人的信心 with great confidence满怀信心 ★examiner n.主考人 ★suppose

v.假设 Suppose conj.如果/假设

Suppose we miss the train, what will do then? Suppose you had a Benz, how would you feel? Suppose v.假设/猜想 I suppose it will rain.Suppose you had one million dollars, what would you do? Suppose you were him, what would you do? 常用于“let us suppose that”这个结构：

Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.让我们假设发生了森林火灾。★tap

v.轻敲

He tapped on the door.★react

v.反应

How did she react to your suggestion? She reacted by getting angry.reaction n.反映

What’s her reaction to your decision?

★brake

n.刹车support Press(put on)brake / ac-ce-le-ra-tor 踩刹车/油门 The drive braked hard as the dog ran onto the road.★pedal

n.踏板 Brake pedal ★mourn-ful

adj.悲哀的

There was a mournful look on her face.a joyful /mournful sound高兴[悲伤]的声音 Misery and mournful苦楚悲痛 【Text】

But not murder!I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly.Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.The examiner looked at me sadly.'Mr.Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!' 我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。在被指示把车开出城后，我开始有了信心。确信我已通过考试，我几乎开始喜欢起我的考试了。主考人肯定对我的表现是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“只有一件事了，Eames先生。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须得在5英尺之内停下。”我继续开车，过了一会儿，主考人大声地敲了起来。尽管声音能被很清楚地听到，但我还是花了好长时间才作出反应。我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，我们俩都被向前扔了出去。主考人伤心地看着我。“Eames先生，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个小孩压死了！” 【课文讲解】

I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。driving licence 驾驶执照 for表目的

Let’s go for a walk.我们出去散步吧。

I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。for+次数

I'm meeting him for the first time today.今天我要与他初次见面.I'll never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time.我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。heavy adj.大量的，多的，密集的

Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在被指示把车开出城后，我开始有了信心。

介词短语作时间状语After having been instructed acquire通常表示通过努力“获得”、“学到（知识、技术、语言等）”，也可用来表示“养成（习惯等）”：

Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years' time.5年之内玛丽学会了汉语。Tom acquired a habit of smoking.汤姆养成了抽烟的习惯。

Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.确信我已通过考试，我几乎开始喜欢起我的考试了。Sure前面省略了being 句首省略了分词being或feeling，在句中作状语（与分词结构作状语的情况类似）：

Interested in the story, he finished reading the book in two hours.由于对故事（情节）感兴趣，他两个小时就把那本书读完了。As he was worried about his child, he didn’t sleep last night.Worried about his child, he didn’t sleep last night.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.'主考人肯定对我的表现是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“只有一件事了，Eames先生。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须得在5英尺之内停下。” must have been表示对过去的事情的猜测 performance

n.表现，表演，工作情况 be pleased with

对„„满意

They are pleased with his work.他们对他的工作满意。

The manager isn't very pleased with his secretary.经理对他的秘书不太满意。more附加的；额外的：

She needs some more time.她需要更多的时间 let us suppose that„让我们假设„„

Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly.我继续开车，过了一会儿，主考人大声地敲了起来。

Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.尽管声音能被很清楚地听到，但我还是花了好长时间才作出反应。

I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，我们俩都被向前扔了出去。

The examiner looked at me sadly.'Mr.Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!' in a mournful voice

用悲伤的声调 in a „ voice

以„„的声调

He told them the news in a sad/excited voice.Summary writing摘要写作

Answer these questions in not more than 80 words.回答下列问题，将答案组成一个段落，不要超过80个单词。Had Mr.Eames driven successfully in heavy traffic during his third driving test or not? What did the examiner instruct him to do?(when)

Mr.Eames had driven successfully through heavy traffic during his third driving test when the examiner instructed him to drive out of town.What did he tell him to suppose?(that…would)

He told him to suppose that a child would suddenly cross the road in front of him.What would Mr.Eames have to do when the examiner tapped on the window?

Mr.Eames would have to stop the car within five feet when the examiner tapped on the window.4 Did he tap loudly or not? Did Mr.Eames react quickly enough or not? What was he told?(Though…and)

Though he tapped loudly,Mr.Eames did not react quickly enough and was told that he had just killed the child.Composition作文

Write two or three sentences using the ideas given below:

用以下词组写出2至3个句子来：

Three months later Earmes appeared for his fourth test----again told to stop----the examiner was thrown forward, but the child's life was saved----Eames passed his test, but the examiner said,‘You nearly killed me this time!’

Three months later,Eames appeared for his fourth driving test.He was told to stop again.He stopped, the examiner was thrown forward but the child's life was saved.At last,Eames passed his test,but the examiner said,“You nearly killed me this time!” Letter writing书信写作

Write five opening phrases which could be used in letters to friends or relations.为给朋友和亲戚的信写出5句开头语。

Key structures关键句型

After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.被动语态

a You have learnt to write sentences like these: 你已经学习了写这样的句子：

It was made in Germany in 1681.(KS10)（第10课关键句型）I told you it could be done.(KS21)（第21课关键句型）

I can't find my bag.It must have been stolen.(KS21)（第21课关键句型）The man was being questioned by the police.(KS34)（第34课关键句型）He never expected the bicycle to be found.(KS34)（第34课关键句型）

I found the parcel had been sent to the wrong address.(KS45)（第45课关键句型）b Now study these sentences:

仔细阅读以下句子： Instead of saying:

除了这种表达方法外： We can say: 还可以说：

After he was arrested, the man confessed that he had stolen the money.After being arrested, the man confessed that he had stolen the money.After he had been instructed to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After having been instructed to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.Exercises练习

A Underline the verbs in the passage which are similar in form to the examples given above.在课文中划出与以上句型相似的动词。

B Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.Do not refer to the passage until you finish the exercise.用正确的时态填空，完成练习后再对照课文核对你的答案。

I____(test)for my driving licence for the third time.I____(ask)to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After____(have/instruct)to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.The examiner____(must/please)with my performance, for he smiled and said,‘Just one more thing, Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.A s soon as I tap on the window, you must____(stop)within five feet.’ I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly.Though the sound____(could/hear)clearly, it took me a long time to react.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we both____(throw)forward.Special difficulties难点

Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词 a Practice, Advice.Study these pairs of sentences: 细读以下各对句子：

He still needs a lot of practice.他仍需大量的练习。

He practises the piano every day.他每天练习弹钢琴。

I want to give you some advice.我想给你提点建议。

What do you advise me to do?

你想建议我干什么？

b Enjoy, Entertain, and Amuse.Study these examples: 细读以下各对句子：

I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.(11.4-5)We enjoyed ourselves at the party.在聚会上我们玩得很痛快。He entertained me to dinner.他请我吃饭。

He entertained everybody with his clever tricks.他精彩的戏法使大家都很高兴。

The children were amused by the circus clown.(They laughed.)孩子们被马戏团的小丑逗乐了。

His funny stories amused us all.(They made us laugh.)他那些稀奇古怪的故事把我们大家都逗乐了。

That child can amuse himself for hours playing in the sand.(He can pass his time happily.)那个孩子可以一个人在 沙堆里玩上几个小时。

Exercise练习

Choose the correct words in the following sentences: 选择正确的词： I never(amuse)(enjoy)(practicing)(practising)the piano.2 We were all(amused)(enjoyed)by the jokes he told us.3 He(advised)(adviced)me to get a(license)(licence).4 We rarely(entertain)(amuse)these days.5 We(entertained)(enjoyed)some friends to dinner last night.6 The magician(amused)(enjoyed)the audience very much.Multiple choice questions多项选择题

Comprehension理解 Mr.Eames felt confident because ____.(a)he was sure he hadn't failed this time(b)he had driven in heavy traffic(c)he had driven out of town(d)the examiner smiled Mr.Eames probably failed his test because ____.(a)he ran over a child

(b)he didn't stop quickly enough

(c)he pressed the brake pedal too hard(d)he and the examiner were thrown forward

Structure句型 Mr.Eames was taking the driving test.The examiner ____him.(a)was being testing(b)was been testing(c)was testing(d)was tested 4 The examiner must have been pleased.He____ pleased.(a)had to be(b)was probably(c)was certainly(d)should be Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road.Imagine it ____.(a)would happen(b)happening

(c)had been happening(d)will have happened 6 Mr.Earmes continued ____.(a)to driving(b)drive(c)to drive(d)to have been driving I want the car to be stopped.I____ the car.(a)want to stop(b)want stop(c)want you stop(d)want you to stop Vocabulary词汇 When you have passed a driving test, you are allowed to ____.(a)drive a car(b)buy a car(c)sell a car(d)keep a car He began to acquire confidence.He gradually ____confident.(a)became(b)came(c)obtained(d)took He was instructed by the examiner to drive out of town.He was ____to do this.(a)taught(b)told(c)trained(d)prepared The examiner must have been pleased with my performance.He was pleased with my ____.(a)act

(b)behaviour(c)efforts(d)doings The examiner spoke in a mournful voice.His voice was ____.(a)lamentable(b)sorry(c)pitiful(d)sorrowful

Sentence structure句子结构

Rewrite this sentence, then check your answer against the text.改写以下句子，然后对照课文第2-3行，核对你的答案。

I had been instructed to drive out of town and I began to acquire confidence.After ___________________________________________.