第一篇：美国文学-期末复习-完整版
09英升8班期末考试复习资料 知识点
Features of American Literature美国文学的3大特征
1.Freedom
2.Individuality
3.American dream(Equal opportunity)= to be self-made & to be strive to success
Characters of Puritans 清教徒的4种品质
Hard work刻苦Thrift俭朴Piety虔诚Sobriety节制
Belief of Protestant 新教信仰
Original sin原罪
Total depravity彻底堕落
Predestination天意
Limited Atonement from God’s grace少数人得救赎
Transcendentalism 超验主义
The recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively
The Lost Generation 迷惘的一代
What the Lost Generation had lost was its sense of being a part of American society.The Roaring Twenties 喧嚣的二十年代
It is also called “The Jazz age”.It was widespread affluence and conspicuous consumption.So, more emphasis on fun and less on duty become a part of the daily scene.作家作品、思想主旨、语句出处、评论
Book I
Benjamin Franklin本杰明•富兰克林(1706-1790)
Poor Richard’s Almanac穷理查历书
The Autobiography自传
The Way to Wealth致富之道
Washington Irving华盛顿•欧文(1783-1859)
The Sketch Book见闻札记
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说
Rip Van Winkle瑞普•凡•温克尔
James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库珀(1789-1851)Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集
The Pioneer拓荒者
The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人
The Deer slayer杀鹿者
英美文学V1.31卢诗聪
The Prairie大草原
Philip Freneau菲利普•弗伦诺(1752-1832)
The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲
The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花
评论：If nothing once, you nothing lose
For when you die you are the same
The space between, is but an hour
The frail duration of a flower
The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地
出处：And Reason’s chief shall bow the knee to shadows and delusions here.William Cullen Bryant威廉•柯伦•布莱恩特(1794-1878)Thanatopsis死亡随想
出处：Earth, that nourished thee, shall claim thy growth, to be resolved to earth again.评论：The gay will laugh
When thou art gone, the solemn brood of care
Plod on, and each one as before will chase
His favorite phantom;yet all these shall leave
To a Waterfowl致水鸟
出处：Lone wandering, but not lost.Edgar Allan Poe埃德加•爱伦•坡(1809-1849)主旨思想：Nothingness
The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌
The Cask of Amontillado一桶白葡萄酒
Israfel伊斯拉菲尔
Annabel Lee安娜贝尔•李
To Hellen致海伦
The Raven乌鸦
Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔•霍桑(1804-1864)
主旨思想：He was an anatomist of “the interior of the heart”.Hawthorne seems to question
whether people do learn form experience.He believed human are evil.Dr.Heidegger’s Experiment海德格尔医生的实验
Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事
Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔
The Scarlet Letter红字
The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子
Book II
Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生(1803-1882)
主旨思想：He believed in Transcendentalism(超验主义).1.Nature was ennobling, commerce was degrading.2.The individual soul could reach God.He thought people should live a life like.1.be self-reliant and at the same time unselfish.2.There was greatness in us all.Nature论自然
The American Scholar论美国学者
Self-reliance论自立
评论：There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is
ignorance;that imitation is suicide;that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion;that thought the wide universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till.出处：1.Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.2.Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind.3.To be great is to be misunderstood.Henry David Thoreau亨利•大卫•梭罗(1817-1862)主旨思想：1.People should live instead of working for a living.2.If people thought a law was unjust they could resist it by civil disobedience.Walden瓦尔登湖
Civil Disobedience非暴力抵抗
A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers康科德和梅里马克河上的一周 Life without Principle无原则的生活
出处：1.You must get your living by loving.2.Did God direct us so to get our living, digging where we never planted?
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利•沃兹沃思•朗费罗(1807-1882)主旨思想：HomeFamilyNatureReligion
A Psalm of Life人生礼赞
The Hymn of the Night夜的颂歌
The Secret of the Sea海之秘密
出处：Only those who brave its dangers comprehend its mystery.Walt Whitman沃尔特•惠特曼(1819-1892)主旨思想： FreedomIndividualityDemocracy(about man and nature)
Leaves of Grass草叶集
Song of Myself自我之歌
There Was a Child Went Forth从前有个出门的孩子
I hear America Singing我听见美利坚在歌唱
出处：Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else.Emily Dickinson埃米莉•迪金森(1830-1886)
The Poems of Emily Dickinson埃米莉•迪金森诗集
Success成功
评论：Success is counted sweetest
By those who never succeed
To comprehend a nectar
Requires sorest need
Not one of all the purple host
who took the flag today
can tell the definition
so clear of victory
As he defeated dying
on whose forbidden ear
the distant strains of triumph
Break agonized and clear
Much Madness Is the Divinest Sense理性与疯狂
I’m Nobody, Who Are You?我是无名小卒，你是谁？
Mark Twain马克•吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）主旨思想：He made a combination of American folk humor and serious literature.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记
The Gilded Age镀金时代
Life on the Mississippi密西西比河上的生活
评论：”A man loses as well as gains by learning a trade”
I had made a valuable acquisition.But I had lost something, too.I had lost something which could never be restored to me while I lived.Book III
Theodore Dreiser西奥多•德莱塞(1871-1945)
主旨思想：Dreiser was more concerned with society’s effect on a person.Man is the product of
social processes, only the fittest can survive.Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹
An American Tragedy美国的悲剧
Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer, The Titan, The Stoic)
Edward Arlington Robinson爱德华•阿灵顿•罗宾森(1869 – 1935)
主旨思想：Robinson is best known statement on the hollowness of conventional success.Illustrate
men’s individualized response to a life.Success is measured by the intensity and integrity of one’s struggle;failure consists only in a lack of effort.Richard Cory理查德•考瑞
评论：What other people think and feel is not as important as what a person himself believes.Miniver Cheevy米尼弗•奇维
评论：The survival value for the unsuccessful people is delusion plus drink.Mr.Flood’s Party弗勒德先生的晚会
Carl Sandburg卡尔•桑德堡(1878-1967)
主旨思想：He saw greatness in ordinary man He was called the echoes of 19th century idealism.The Harbor港口
I Am the People, the Mob我是人民，是民众
F.Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯•菲茨杰拉德(1896-1940)
主旨思想：He epitomizes the Roaring Twenties, or called the spokesman of the Jazz Age.He
knew that between the peaks of joy were periods of sorrow.Wanting to be happy does not insure one’s being so that pursuit of entertainment may only cover a lot of pain.The Side of Paradise人间天堂
The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比
Tender in the Night夜色温柔
The Last Tycoon最后的巨头
John Steinbeck约翰•斯坦贝克(1902-1966)
主旨思想：He epitomizes the Great Depression.Tortilla Flat煎饼房
In Dubious Battle胜负未定
Of Mice and Men鼠和人
The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄
Book IV
Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特•海明威(1899-1961)
主旨思想：He mainly expresses courage and endurance of man.Also his subjects were often war
and its effects on people like the Suffering that war can bring.The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起
Farewell to Arms永别了，武器
For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣
The Old Man and the Sea老人与海
In Another Country在异乡
评论：The tragedies of life can not really be remedied.The wounded soldiers in this story are separated from:
1.Their homeland
2.The war
3.Other groups of people
Robert Frost罗伯特•弗罗斯特(1874-1963)After Apple-picking摘苹果之后
Mending Wall修墙
主旨思想：The Wall in the poem means all the things that separated one human being from
another, all the things in life that keep us from loving our fellow man.出处：Good fences make good neighbors.The Road Not taken没有选择的道路
主旨思想：We must make a decision.We must decide which way to go.This is a universal
dilemma.出处：I took the one less travel by,And that has made all the differences.Fire and Ice火与冰
主旨思想：Life, as poet saw it, is full of apparent paradoxes: tragic & hilariously comic, beautiful
& ugly, chaotic & unified.And world will be destroyed by human’s hate and desire.练习卷答案
S2-C B D C B A
S3-A D B A C D
S4-C B A D A
S5-B D C A C
S6-D C A B B
S7-A C D A B
S8-A D B B C
S9-C A B C D
考试样题：
Final Exam
I.Identify the following works by giving the FULL names of the writers.(30%)
（判断所给出文章的作者，全名，不能有拼写错误。）
Poor Richard’s Almanac_________________________
The Cask of Amontillado_________________________
II.Choose the answer that fits best for each statement.(50%)
（单选，有作家、作品、出处、主旨思想等内容。）
“Fire And Ice” is the work of ______.A.FrostB.DickinsonC.SandburgD.Emerson
III.IDENTIFY the following extractions first and give YOUR OWN COMMENTS of no less than 100 words.(20%)
（文学评论。）
Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string….Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind.
第二篇：2018春唐宋文学期末复习参考
2018春唐宋文学复习参考
一、填空（每空0.5分，共10分）
二、名词解释（每题4分，共16分）
三、默写题（每题3分，共42分）
四、简答题（六选三，不能全选唐代或全选宋代。每题7分，共21分）
五、作品评论（六选一，300字以上，共11分）背诵
薛道衡《人日思归》；王勃《送杜少府之任蜀川》；骆宾王《在狱咏蝉》；杨炯《从军行》；张若虚《春江花月夜》；王维《山居秋暝》、《终南山》（太乙）、《使至塞上》（单车）；孟浩然《临洞庭湖赠张丞相》、《晚泊浔阳望香炉峰》、《过故人庄》；王昌龄《出塞》（秦时明月）、《闺怨》（闺中少妇）；高适《别董大》；岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》、《逢入京使》；李白《乌栖曲》（姑苏台上）、《将进酒》、《行路难》、《峨眉山月歌》、《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》、《宣州谢眺楼饯别校书叔云》、《远别离》（远别离，古有皇英）；杜甫《望岳》、《月夜》、《春望》、《春夜喜雨》、《闻官军收河南河北》、《秋兴八首》（前四首）、《登高》、《哀江头》；韦应物《滁州西涧》、李益《春夜闻笛》；孟郊《游子吟》、《游终南山》；韩愈《左迁至蓝关示侄孙湘》、《听颖师弹琴》；柳宗元《登柳州城楼》、《渔翁》；刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》、《西塞山怀古》；张籍《节妇吟》；白居易《赋得古原草送别》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》、《钱塘湖春行》；李贺《李凭箜篌引》、《金铜仙人辞汉歌》、《雁门太守行》；杜牧《过华清宫》、《赤壁》、《泊秦淮》、《山行》、《早雁》（金河秋半）；李商隐《安定城楼》、《无题》（相见）、《锦瑟》、《夜雨寄北》、《隋宫》（紫泉宫殿）；温庭筠《菩萨蛮》（小山重叠）；韦庄《菩萨蛮》（人人尽说）；冯延巳《鹊踏枝》（谁道闲情）；李煜《虞美人》（春花秋月）、《浪淘沙令》（簾外）
范仲淹《渔家傲》；晏殊《浣溪沙》（一曲）、《蝶恋花》（槛菊愁烟）；张先《天仙子》（水调）；欧阳修《踏莎行》（候馆）、《蝶恋花》（庭院）；晏几道《临江仙》（梦后）；柳永《雨霖铃》、《八声甘州》、《望海潮》（东南形胜）；苏轼《江城子》（十年生死）、《江城子·密州出猎》、《水调歌头》（明月）、《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》、《定**》（莫听穿林）；秦观《鹊桥仙》（纤云）；贺铸《青玉案》（凌波）；周邦彦《六丑》（正单衣）、《苏幕遮》（燎沉香）、《蝶恋花·早行》；李清照《醉花阴》、《声声慢》、《永遇乐》（落日熔金）；陈与义《临江仙》（忆昔午桥）；张孝祥《念奴娇》（洞庭青草）；陆游《钗头凤》、《诉衷情》；辛弃疾《水龙吟》（楚天千里）、《摸鱼儿》（更能消）、《青玉案》（东风）、《破阵子》（醉里）、《西江月》（明月别枝）、《永遇乐》（千古江山）；姜夔《扬州慢》、《点绛唇》（燕雁无心）、《暗香》（旧时月色）；吴文英《八声甘州》（渺空烟）
王禹偁《村行》；林逋《山园小梅》；梅尧臣《鲁山山行》；苏舜钦《淮中晚泊犊头》；欧阳修《戏答元珍》（春风疑不）；王安石《明妃曲》（明妃初出）；苏轼《饮湖上初晴后雨》、《新城道中》；黄庭坚《登快阁》、《寄黄几复》（我居北海）、《雨中登岳阳楼望君山二首》；范成大《四时田园杂兴》（昼出）；杨万里《初入淮河》其一；陆游《游山西村》 《关山月》、《书愤》、《临安春雨初霁》
名词解释
1、“初唐四杰”：唐初高宗、武后时期，王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王四人的诗歌创作反映出了社会中下层一般士人的精神风貌和创作追求。他们不满当时盛行的宫廷诗风，怀有变革文风的自觉意识，反对纤巧绮靡，提倡刚健骨气。他们的诗重视抒发一己情怀，突破了宫廷诗歌狭窄的内容题材范围，显示着开阔的视野和宏阔的气象，而且为五言律诗和七言歌行体的发展做出了有益的探索和贡献。
2、盛唐山水田园诗派：盛唐时期社会安定，国力强大，佛、道流行，漫游山水之风盛行，形成了创作山水田园诗的风气，以孟浩然、王维为代表，还有储光羲、常建、祖咏、裴迪、綦毋潜等人，他们继承晋、宋以来陶渊明、谢灵运等人的创作传统，在诗中较多地写山水田园的闲适生活，寻求人与自然融为一体的境界。诗风格清新自然，意境淡远闲适，写景状物工致传神，提高了诗歌表现自然景物的艺术技巧。
3、盛唐边塞诗派：唐代疆域广阔，边事频繁。盛唐文人多热衷于功名，从军边塞成为一种新的出路，加之对边塞风光的向往，由此促进了边塞诗创作的繁荣。代表作家是高适、岑参，还有王昌龄、李颀、王之涣、崔颢、王翰等。边塞诗的内容主要是反映战争生活的艰苦和军旅生活的体验；抒发为国立功的豪情壮志和不满现实的情绪；描写边塞风光、异域风情。格调雄浑豪放、慷慨悲凉，境界阔大，以乐府歌行和五、七言绝句居多，在题材的开拓和意境的创造上都取得了很大的成就。
4、大历诗风：唐代安史之乱后的大历年间，诗坛上活跃着刘长卿、顾况、韦应物及被称为“大历十才子”的一批诗人。时代的盛衰变化给他们带来了一种强烈的失落感，他们的大量诗歌表现出一种孤独寂寞的冷落心境和宁静澹泊的生活情趣，追求清逸闲淡的情调，这就是所谓的“大历诗风”。
5、韩孟诗派
6、元白诗派：与韩孟诗派同时而稍后，中唐诗坛又崛起了以白居易、元稹为代表，包括张籍、王建、李绅等人的元白诗派。这派诗人重写实、尚通俗、强调讽喻，大量创作反映社会现实和百姓疾苦的新题乐府诗，大多直叙其事，诗风通俗晓畅、平易自然，表现了中唐文化转型期文学世俗化的新思潮。
7、中唐古文运动：所谓“古文”，是针对魏晋以来流行的骈体文——“时文”而言，指秦汉时单行散句、没有规定形式的文体。唐代贞元、元和时期，韩愈、柳宗元等发起了一场有目的、有理论主张、有广泛参与者并且有深远影响的散文的文体文风改革。他们倡言文以明道载道，赋予文以强烈的政治色彩和鲜明的现实品格。在形式上，由骈体而散体，去其浮靡空洞而返归质实真切。二三十年间，古文逐渐压倒了骈文，成为文坛的主要风尚，这就是文学史上所谓“古文运动”。
8、唐传奇：指唐代流行的文言短篇小说，又叫“唐人小说”，代表了古代文言小说的成熟。它远继神话传说和史传文学，近承魏晋南北朝笔记小说，发展成为一种以史传笔法写奇闻异事的小说体式。其文体特征为：采用散体文言，不时插入诗赋。艺术上叙述宛转，文辞华艳，笔法成熟，曲折动人，是“史才”“诗笔”“议论”的结合。
9、花间词派：花间词派是中国古代诗词学流派之一。出现于晚唐五代时期，产生于西蜀，得名于赵崇祚编辑的《花间集》。奉温庭筠为鼻祖而进行词的创作的一个文人词派。主要的词人还有孙光宪、李珣、牛希济。这一词派题材狭窄、情致单调。大都以婉约的表达手法，写女性的美貌和服饰以及她们的离愁别恨。在这些词中描绘景物富丽、意象繁多、构图华美、刻画工细，能唤起读者视觉、听觉、嗅觉的美感。由于注重锤炼文字、音韵，形成了隐约迷离幽深的意境。对后世的文人词产生、发展有一定的影响。
10、江西诗派：江西诗派是我国文学史上第一个有正式名称的诗文派别。诗派成员多数学杜甫，宋末方回又把杜甫和黄庭坚、陈师道、陈与义称为江西诗派的一祖三宗。江西诗派的诗歌理论强调“夺胎换骨”、“点铁成金”，即或师承前人之辞，或师承前人之意；崇尚瘦硬奇拗的诗风；追求字字有出处。在创作实践中，诗派“以故为新”，重要作家的诗作风格迥异，自成一体，成为宋代最有影响的诗歌流派。它的影响遍及整个南宋诗坛，余波一直延及近代的同光体诗人。
11、永嘉四灵：永嘉四灵，是指中国南宋中叶的诗歌流派，代表南宋后期诗歌创作上的一种倾向。永嘉四灵是当时生长于浙江永嘉（今浙江温州）的四位诗人：徐照、徐玑、翁卷、赵师秀，形成中国南宋中叶的诗歌流派，代表南宋后期诗歌创作上的一种倾向。因彼此旨趣相投，诗格相类，工为唐律，专以晚唐贾岛、姚合为法，谓之唐体，字号中都带有“灵”字，而温州古为永嘉郡，遂称之为“永嘉四灵”。
12、江湖诗派：“江湖诗派”是南宋后期继永嘉四灵后而兴起的一个诗派，因陈起刊刻的《江湖集》而得名。当时书商陈起与江湖诗人相友善，于是刊售《江湖集》、《续集》、《后集》等书，后人以《江湖集》内诗气味皆相似，故称之为江湖诗派。《江湖集》中所录诗人大部分或为布衣，或为下层官吏，身分卑微，以江湖习气标榜。江湖诗人时时抒发欣羡隐逸、鄙弃仕途的情绪，也经常指斥时弊，讥讽朝政，表达不与当朝者为伍的意愿。
简答题
李白诗歌、杜甫诗歌、辛弃疾词的思想内容和艺术成就。
韩愈诗歌、韩愈散文、柳宗元山水游记、周邦彦词、苏轼诗歌、苏轼词、欧阳修散文、黄庭坚诗歌、陆游诗歌、姜夔词的艺术成就。
作品评论
背诵范围内
第三篇：现当代文学期末复习2
2、谈谈巴金前后期作品风格的异同。
巴金小说创作前后期的时间是在上世纪40年代末，标志是《憩园》、《寒夜》等小说的问世。
巴金前期的创作如《家》、《春》、《秋》、《灭亡》、《新生》等小说可以用“青春的赞歌”来概括,其作品多以青年的爱情、苦闷、理想与反抗为题材,与青年进行沟通,坦率而热情,特别能唤起青年一代的共鸣，总体来说激情有余而理性审视的力度稍嫌不足。
40年代巴金迎来了他的又一个创作高峰期,写下了《憩园》、《寒夜》等作品，艺术风格发生转变。巴金后期小说代表作《寒夜》取材于平凡人的生活,巴金开始写社会重压之下人们生命的萎缩。由热情的抒写到冷静的写实；作品的主题和题材发生变化；刻画的重点由外部事件转向内心世界，在心理刻画上，后期改变了《家》中直抒胸臆的写法，而是以揭示人物内心活动、展示其内心矛盾为主。后期巴金的创作更加深沉、圆熟，在艺术技巧上要高于前期。
第四篇：期末专项复习—文学常识篇
文学常识篇A．杨绛，江苏无锡人，作家、文学翻译家。著有散文《干校六记》。
(1)《芦花荡》是著名作家的“白洋淀纪事之二”，“白洋淀纪事之一”是 B．杨绛女士翻译的《堂·吉诃德》是西班牙作家塞万提斯的作品，小说的主人《》公是个骑士。(2)第一单元我们学过(国藉)西蒙诺夫的一篇战地通讯，标题是 C．钱钟书，江苏无锡人，学者、作家。著有长篇小说《围城》。《》D．《谈艺录》《管锥编》代表了钱钟书先生学术上的最高成就，它们都是新中国(3)《亲爱的爸爸妈妈》作者是美籍华裔女作家，文章呼唤世界需要成立版发行的。(4)雨果是(国籍)作家，他的代表作有小说《》《悲惨世界》《九三年》等。(5)你看过哪些有关战争的名著?请写出一部。著作：《》；作者：；主人公：；描写了 战争。(6)《背影》选自 的《》，作者字，人，家、、。(7)《大道之行也》选自《》，这部书是家经典之一，(朝代)(姓名)对秦汉以前各种 论著加以辑录、编纂而成，共49篇。(8)一篇新闻可分为、、、、五个部分，其中是新闻的主干，它用充足的事实表现主题。(9)《阿长与<山海经》》选白鲁迅的《》。请再列举出这部散文集的其他两部作品：《》《》。2．下列对新闻(消息)体裁的解说，不正确的一项是()A．真实性、及时性、简明性是新闻(消息)的特性。B．就结构而言，新闻(消息)一般由五个部分组成，即标题、导语、主体、背景和结语。C．新闻(消息)的六要素是人物、时间、地点、事件发生的原因、经过、结果，它与记叙：记叙要素完全相同，因此，我们可以说新闻(消息)是记叙文的一种。D．对于新闻(消息)要素，西方有五w之说，即WHAT(何事)、WHO(何人)、WHEN(何时)、WHERE(何地)、WHY(何因)。3．下列说法有错误的一项是()A．《桃花源记》作者是东晋著名诗人陶渊明。B．《陋室铭》作者是唐代著名诗人刘禹锡。C．《爱莲说》作者是唐代著名诗人、哲学家周敦颐。D．《石壕吏》作者是唐代伟大现实主义诗人杜甫。4．下列有关文学常识的表述，不正确的一项是()
5．下列文学常识搭配正确的一项是()A．《望岳》.杜甫.唐代.《杜少陵集》B．《大道之行也》.《礼记》.春秋.孔子C．《核舟记》.张潮.明代.《虞初新志》 D．《爱莲说》.周敦颐.北宋.《周元公集》6 ．关于“铭”的解释正确的一项是()A．用来警戒自己的文字叫“铭”。B．“铭”原来是一种文体，这种文体比较自由，一般不用韵。C．古代刻在器皿上用来称述功德的文字叫做“铭”，后来成为一种文体，这种文体一般都是用韵的。D．古代刻在器物上用来警戒自己或称述功德的文字叫做“铭”，后来就成为一种文体，这种文体一般都是用韵的。7．下列作家按国别归类不正确的一项是()A．狄更斯 莎士比亚 安徒生B．契诃夫 列夫·托尔斯泰 普希金C．高尔基 西蒙诺夫 奥斯特洛夫斯基D．雨果 巴尔扎克 莫泊桑8．下列关于文学常识说法有误的一项是()A．《爱莲说》是北宋哲学家周敦颐写的一篇短文。“说”是古代一种文体，可以叙事，可以描写，可以议论，其目的都是为了说明一个道理。B．“记”是古代一种叙事的文体。如东晋诗人陶渊明的《桃花源记》和清朝人魏学伊的《核舟记》。前者记叙了渔人游桃花源，后者记叙了王叔远送给作者的一只核舟。C．杜甫是唐代的大诗人，他的诗作在总体上反映了唐王朝由盛转衰的变化过程，号称 “诗史”。他和李白并称为“李杜”。D．《礼记》，是儒家经典之一，由西汉戴圣辑录、编纂而成，共49篇。9．名胜古迹对联往往蕴涵着中国传统文化的精髓。根据下列对联内容，联系所学的古诗文，在横线上写出相应的名胜古迹。(1)黄鹤偶乘沧海月 白云常带楚江秋(2)我其仙乎吞云梦者八九 登斯楼也览气象兮万千(3)四顾八荒茫天何其高也 一览众山小人奚足算哉参考答案1．略2．C 3．C 4.D 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．(1)黄鹤楼(2)岳阳楼(3)泰山
第五篇：美国文学名词解释
1.AmericanTranscendentalism:①transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “ the recognition in man of the capability of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.②transcendentalists stress the importance of the Over-soul, the Individual and Nature.Other concepts that accompanied transcendentalism include the idea that nature is enabling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.New England transcendentalism is the product of a combination of Native American Puritanism and European romanticism.③some prominent representatives include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau.2.Free verse
free verse means the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without paying attention to conversational rules of meter.Free verse was originated by a group of French poets of the late 19th century.Their purpose was to free themselves from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and to recreate instead the free rhymes of nature period.Walt Whitman„s leaves of grass is perhaps the most notable example.3.American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrines of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.American literature in the 17th century mostly consisted of Puritan literature.Puritanism had an enduring influence on American literature.It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.it comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century.Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism.And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚,尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised.4.American Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long as he/she works hard enough.It usually implies a successful and satisfying life.It usually framed in terms of American capitalism（资本主义）, its associated purported meritocracy,（知识界精华）and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S.Bill of Rights.5.Imagism: the 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America.In poetry there appeared a strong reaction against Victorian poetry.Imagists placed primary reliance on the use of precise, sharp images as a means of poetic expression and stressed precision in the choice of words, freedom in the choice of subject matter and form, and
the use of colloquial language.Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse, using such devices as assonance and alliteration rather than formal metrical schemes to give structure to their poetry..The movement which had these as its aims is known in literary history as Imagism.Its prime mover was Ezra Pound.6.American romanticism
①it is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature that stretches from the 18th century to the outbreak of the civil war.It started with the publication of Washington Irving‟s The Sketch Book and ended with Walt Whitman‟s Leaves of Grass.②being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called “the American Renaissance ”.③American romantic works emphasize the imaginative and emotional qualities of nature literature.The strong tendency to eulogize the individual and common man was typical of this period.Most importantly, the writings of American Romanticism are typically American.Works concentrate on unique
characteristics of the American land.④New England Transcendentalism is the summit of American Romanticism.⑤Romanticists include such literary figures as Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman and some others.
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