第一篇:大学英语教学法
大学英语教学法
摘 要: 大学英语教学方法多种多样, 但是各有优缺点。针对大学生的学习环境的变化和适应能力, 提出了根据不同学期采取不同的教学方法的建议。
众所周知,语言是社会实践的产物。一位教师要把外语教好,必须与实践紧密结合,把死的语言变成活的语言,才能激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生实际运用语言的能力。外语教学的最终目的是使学生具备良好的外语实践能力。作为一名教师,都渴望在教法上开拓出一条新路。我认为从有法到无法再到新法是个飞跃和进步。如果教师能够做到化定法为新法,循法而不拘泥于法,寓法于无法之中,他的教学才能达到运法自如,炉火纯青的境界,才能达到独具风格的阶段。
一、各种教学法的优缺点
其实, 每一种教学法都有它存在的原因和理由;当然,也有它的缺点和不足,正是所谓金无足赤、人无完人。比如说, 传统的大学英语精读教学方法—— —语法翻译法重视语言知识灌输而轻篇章结构分析, 重视语法解释而轻体裁把握, 重句子翻译而轻交际能力培养。结果导致学生对篇章结构一窍不通, 对文体知识一无所知;所学知识支离破碎, 毫无联系;形成了见树不见林的现象, 根语法分析和词汇解释, 而且还要分析作者谋篇布局的特点和遣词造句的手法, 以及传授有关社会文化知识。它不但注意语言形式, 而且还十分重视语言功能。强调社会环境对语义的影响, 更有利于培养学生的文化意识。语篇教学充分发挥了学生的主体作用, 使他们从单纯的词汇、句子中走出来, 从宏观角度分析文章的内容、体裁、结构, 培养了学生对语篇的分析、综合和逻辑思考能力,这无疑是培养学生具有较强阅读能力的一个可靠保证和主要手段。而且在英文写作方面能够指导学生掌握写作技巧和提高写作技能, 它也是指导写作实践的重要理论基础。此外,运用语篇教学还有利于提高学生的口头表达能力。这种教学方法有利于训练学生获取完整信息的能力和语言的交际能力。但是, 它在分析作者布局谋篇的特点时, 还要围绕语篇的中心思想来进行语法分析和词汇解释, 以及遣词造句的方法, 并且传授目的语的社会文化和各种知识。否则, 只是机械地讲授布局谋篇, 讲授文章的结构、中心句、写作方法、写作技巧, 学生掌握了这些技巧, 却不知道从哪里下手, 不知道如何运用。
二、四个学期, 运用不同的教学法
那么如何才能以最有效的方式来培养学生英语交际能力呢?在教学实践中,我深深体会到:仅仅严格要求、认真负责是远远不够的,必须注重教学效果,而教学效果的体现要付出辛勤的劳动,要踏踏实实地进行教学研究。根据学生的年龄和心理特点以及实际水平、学习方法和学习兴趣等,创造性地灵活使用教材,以学生如何学为着眼点,制定不同的教学方法。针对刚进校的一年级大学生, 我们可以采用传统的语法、词汇、翻译教学方法, 适当地讲解一些新语法, 帮助学生复习已经学过的旧的语法知识;同时, 应大量讲解单词的构词法,帮助学生记住每一课的生词;还要纠正那些发音不正确的学生的发音。进入第二学期, 多数学生已经适应大学里的生活了, 上课之前要预习, 课后要复习。而这时教大学英语的老师可以适当增加一些阅读技巧和写作技能的训练。阅读能力的培养在大学英语教学中一向被置于非常重要的地位,事实上,大学英语四、六级考试中阅读理解也占相当大的比重。
进入第三学期, 这时, 老师就要减少写作的讲解和训练,同时对语篇分析的力度也变小, 而注意讲解英语修辞的运用,让学生注意英语语言的优美, 注意英美等外国国家的文化背景知识、风土人情习惯。而学生将承担更多的学习责任,让学生对文章进行一些篇章分析的训练, 同时, 还要求学生课下准备一些谚语、笑话、幽默等等比较简单且又能激发学生兴趣的英语材料到课堂上表演, 为以后的英语交际打下基础。教师在课堂上的角色也逐渐改变,要从知识提供者转变成学习顾问。但是, 教师不是旁观者,教师的任务不是轻了,而是更重了。他是课堂活动的组织者与管理者, 既要放手让学生自己解决问题,又要适时地向学生提供学习资料,起到学习资源提供者的作用,以培养学生自主学习为主的课堂氛围。
进入第四学期, 可以说, 这是一个收获的时期, 一个各方面都日渐成熟、完美的时期。这时候, 多数认真好学的学生都能够分析英语文章的篇章结构, 欣赏文章的语言优美, 了解文章的写作技巧, 掌握了大部分的阅读技能, 能够用英语就自己熟悉的事物进行交流, 能够用英语写出一篇中心突出、条理清晰的短文来, 而他们也能顺利通过第四学期的四级考试了, 我们的目的也就达到了。这时候, 可以将课堂教学的中心由教师转向学生, 要求学生学会自主学习、学会自我监控、学会自我评价, 从而形成自主发展的学习习惯和学习策略。如独立学习、语言意识、自我导学和自学。因此,教师要善于引导学生主动学习,使他们堂内堂外都能猎取丰富的英语知识。这样, 即使进入三年级, 在没有外语老师的教育指导下, 他们也能继续学习外语。同时, 高校外语教学的目的是使学生最终能以英语为工具阅读国外各类参考文献, 获取先进的科技信息并参与国际交流, 因此, 学生必须培养自己的外语翻译能力。而培养外语翻译能力要求学生调动其全部潜能, 包括语言能力和非语言能力。语言能力指英汉两种语言的词汇、语法、语义、语篇知识等;非语言能力指背景知识、相关专业知识、逻辑分析、归纳推理的能力等。在当前大学英语教学当中, 非常重视英语阅读能力的培养。各种版段落和句子, 要求学生口头翻译或课后笔译。而学生要翻译句子就得了解全文内容,要熟悉所译句子的句法结构、句法逻辑, 把握词法语义、词语修辞及行文风格等等。这样学生在翻译过程中才能进一步巩固所学的语言知识, 扩大知识面, 提高学生对篇章的准确理解能力。
在口语教学当中, 采用翻译法引导学生说英文的方法, 当场就能检验语言的使用效果, 找出学生口语当中典型的中文式英语, 进行评讲, 当堂纠错, 避免再出现类似的错误。这样的教学给予了学生大量的实践机会, 锻炼了学生准确运用语言的能力。这是我对大学外语教学的一孔之见。当然, 在外语教学中, 我们还要因时、因地、因人而异, 因为, 时代在变, 环境在变, 人也在变, 我们的英语教学方法不可能一成不变, 而应该跟着时代、环境、人的变化而变化。但不变的是我们的宗旨: 就是想方设法把大学英语教好。
第二篇:大学英语《英语教学法》课程论文
Essay of English Language Teaching
Abstract Much of human behaviours is influences by their experiences.The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influences by the way they learned language.This is especially true in foreign language teaching.Before we discuss language learning theories,let us first reflect on our own language learning experiences.Key Words Curriculum,management,pronunciation,grammar,vocabulary
Introduction One of the largest inhibitors for students is often mental block.While listening, a student suddenly decides that he or she doesn't understand what is being said.At this point, many students just tune out or get caught up in an internal dialogue trying translate a specific word.Some students convince themselves that they are not able to understand spoken English well and create problems for themselves.Body
1、Language and language learning The question that all approaches to language teaching should answer is,“What is language?” The answer to this question is the basis for syllabus design,teaching methodology,teaching and assessment procedures in the classroom.Different views on language generate different teaching methodologies.2、Communicative principles and task-based language teaching The ultimate goal of foreign language teaching is to enable is to enable students to use the foreign language in work or life when necessary.Thus we should teach that part of the language that will be used(rather than all parts of the language);and we should teach language in the way it is used in the real world.However this is not always the case in foreign language teaching.Very often there is a big gap between the language used in real life and the language learned in classroom.3、The national English curriculum Foreign language teaching in schools has enjoyed a long history in China.Since the early 1900s,the study of a foreign language has been regarded as one of the fundamental subjects in the curriculum of middle schools.However,due to political and social unrest,and the low living standards of the majority of the working people during the first half of the century,foreign language teaching had not achieved very much.4、Lesson planning Proper lesson planing is essential for both novice and experienced teachers.Although preparation does not guarantee successful lessons,walking into a classroom unprepared is more often than not the beginning of a disastrous lesson,Besides,students can immediately notice if their teacher is prepared or not.Unprepared teachers receive much less trust and cooperation from the students.A lesson plan is a framework of a lesson in which teachers make advance decisions about what they hope to achieve and how they would like to achieve it.In other words,teachers need to think about the aims to be achieved,materials to be covered,activities to be organised,and techniques and resources to be used in order to achieve the aims of the lesson.5、Classroom management Classroom management is the way teachers organised what goes in the classroom.It contributes directly to the efficiency of teaching and learning as the most effective activities can be made almost useless if the teacher does not organise them efficiently(Harmer,1983:200).Good managerial skills on the teacher are a very essential component of good teaching(Richard,1900),as the goal of classroom management is to create an atmosphere conductive to interacting in English in meaningful ways(Gebhard,1996).Efficient classroom management can be achieved.6、Teaching grammar In the teaching of English as a foreign language,discussions on pronunciation are not so much around the value of teaching pronunciation because pronunciation will take care of itself as the students develop overall language ability.However,there are people who assert that failure in pronunciation is a great hindrance to language learning.7、Teaching Vocabulary The value of grammar in foreign language teaching has been a focus of debate for decades and the focus of the debate has been on(1)the role of grammar in language teaching(2)the method in which grammar should be presented and practised grammar before we discuss methods for teaching grammar.8、Teaching listening Teaching listening skills is one of the most difficult tasks for any ESL teacher.This is because successful listening skills are acquired over time and with lots of practice.It's frustrating for students because there are no rules as in grammar teaching.Speaking and writing also have very specific exercises that can lead to improved skills.This is not to say that there are not ways of improving listening skills, however they are difficult to quantify.The key to helping students improve their listening skills is to convince them that not understanding is OK.This is more of an attitude adjustment than anything else, and it is easier for some students to accept than others.Another important point that I try to teach my students(with differing amounts of success)is that they need to listen to English as often as possible, but for short periods of time.9、Teaching speaking When we talk about speaking in class it is important to differentiate between the kind of speaking which occurs in mechanical drills and repetition, on the one hand, and situations where students use as much language as they can and where getting their message across is just as important as grammatical accuracy, on the other.In this article it is the latter kind of speaking that we are going to look at.There are three main reasons why it is important to encourage students to speak as fluently as possible.In the first place, speaking activities give them a chance for rehearsal-practising the real skill of speaking as a preparation for using it outside the classroom.Secondly, when students speak using all and any language they know, it provides valuable feedback about their language knowledge, for both them and their teachers.How well can they perform in spontaneous conversational situations? What do they seem to know? What are they finding difficult to achieve? Lastly, good speaking activities provoke genuine student engagement where they really get involved with the process of language learning in class.10、Teaching reading To accomplish this goal, instructors focus on the process of reading rather than on its product.They develop students' awareness of the reading process and reading strategies by asking students to think and talk about how they read in their native language.They allow students to practice the full repertoire of reading strategies by using authentic reading tasks.They encourage students to read to learn(and have an authentic purpose for reading)by giving students some choice of reading material.When working with reading tasks in class, they show students the strategies that will work best for the reading purpose and the type of text.They explain how and why students should use the strategies.They have students practice reading strategies in class and ask them to practice outside of class in their reading assignments.They encourage students to be conscious of what they're doing while they complete reading assignments.They encourage students to evaluate their comprehension and self-report their use of strategies.They build comprehension checks into in-class and out-of-class reading assignments, and periodically review how and when to use particular strategies.They encourage the development of reading skills and the use of reading strategies by using the target language to convey instructions and course-related information in written form: office hours, homework assignments, test content.They do not assume that students will transfer strategy use from one task to another.They explicitly mention how a particular strategy can be used in a different type of reading task or with another skill.By raising students' awareness of reading as a skill that requires active engagement, and by explicitly teaching reading strategies, instructors help their students develop both the ability and the ?confidence to handle communication situations they may encounter beyond the classroom.In this way they give their students the foundation for communicative competence in the new language.11、Teaching writing The most important factor in writing exercises is that students need to be personally involved in order to make the learning experience of lasting value.Encouraging student participation in the exercise, while at the same time refining and expanding writing skills, requires a certain pragmatic approach.The teacher should be clear on what skills he/she is trying to develop.Next, the teacher needs to decide on which means(or type of exercise)can facilitate learning of the target area.Once the target skill areas and means of implmentation are defined, the teacher can then proceed to focus on what topic can be employed to ensure student participation.By pragmatically combing these objectives, the teacher can expect both enthusiasm and effective learning.Choosing the target area depends on many factors;What level are the students?, What is the average age of the students, Why are the students learning English, Are there any specific future intentions for the writing(i.e school tests or job application letters etc.).Other important questions to ask oneself are: What should the students be able to produce at the end of this exercise?(a well written letter, basic communication of ideas, etc.)What is the focus of the exercise?(structure, tense usage, creative writing).Once these factors are clear in the mind of the teacher, the teacher can begin to focus on how to involve the students in the activity thus promoting a positive, long-term learning experience.12、Integrated skills One image for teaching English as a second or foreign language(ESL/EFL)is that of a tapestry.The tapestry is woven from many strands, such as the characteristics of the teacher, the learner, the setting, and the relevant languages(i.e., English and the native languages of the learners and the teacher).For the instructional loom to produce a large, strong, beautiful, colorful tapestry, all of these strands must be interwoven in positive ways.For example, the instructor's teaching style must address the learning style of the learner, the learner must be motivated, and the setting must provide resources and values that strongly support the teaching of the language.However, if the strands are not woven together effectively, the instructional loom is likely to produce something small, weak, ragged, and pale梟ot recognizable as a tapestry at all.13、Moral learning the coursework and the extended assignment, presentation and use of English are important.Care should be taken with punctuation, spelling and layout.Emphasizes principles and procedures of assessment that are of primary importance to educational practitioners.Includes construction of classroom tests, observation techniques, and performance measures;integration of assessment and instruction;norm-and criterion-referenced assessment;uses of standardized tests, current issues and controversies
14、Assessment in language teaching Teaching materials are any resources(traditional, electronic or digital)used for language learning and teaching purposes, including coursebooks, newspapers, recordings and videos.The following principles underlie the selection of materials.15、Learner differences and learner training
16、Using and creating resources To speak of the audio-visual method would be incorrect.Also in this case ,we are again dealing with a conglomeration of approaches which differ on from the other, and which have as their most important commons element that they all attend a great deal of important to the use of visual elements.As for as the objectives of FLT are concerned, these approaches also have a common interest.namely the fact that they reserve first place for oral skill.17、Evaluating and adapting textbooks
Conclusion As teachers, many of us have had the responsibility of evaluating textbooks.Often, we have not been confident about what to base our judgements on, how to qualify our decisions, and how to report the results of our assessment.It seems to us that to date textbook selection has been made in haste and with a lack of systematically applied criteria.Teachers, students, and administers are all consumers of textbooks.All these groups, of course, may have conflicting views about what a good/standard textbook is.However, the question is where they can turn to for reliable advice on how to make an informed decision and select a suitable textbook.The literature on textbook selection and/or textbook evaluation procedure is vast.Various scholars have suggested different ways to help teachers become more systematic and objective in their approach They have often offered checklists based on supposedly generalizable criteria.These sometimes detailed check-sheets use a variety of methods to assess how well a particular textbook under scrutiny measures up.Reference material
1、
第三篇:浅谈大学英语教学法的综合应用
浅谈大学英语教学法的综合应用
李思明
冯建民
(烟台南山学院公共外语教学部,山东龙口,265713)
摘要:语法-翻译教学法和交际教学法的使用一直是大学英语教学研究的论题,我们认为只有以教法为纲,学生为网,在教学过程中根据学生的实际情况,将两种教学法综合应用,同时充分利用学习策略提高不同学习者的语用能力,以期达到既打好学生的语言基础,又培养学生的交际能力的目的。
关键词:语法-翻译法;交际法;综合应用 引言
英语教学从产生到现在已有两千年的历史,英语的教学法也从最初的语法-翻译法一直发展到现在的直接法、听说法、认知法、视听法、沉默法、交际法等多种多样的教学法。英语教学法的产生和发展虽然也受到哲学、心理学、社会学、教育学等因素的影响,但它的主要理论基础还是语言学,语言学与英语教学法有密切的关系,这就使得一些传统的英语教学过多地强调了语言理论的重要性,集中研究语言内部结构和规律,注重语言知识的传授,而忽略了语言的交际能力。然而,大学英语是一门实践性很强的课程,英语的各项技能,尤其是说和写的技能的提高只有通过学习者的主动参与才能实现。由于我国的英语学习环境根本无法保证学生广泛接触英语,课堂就成了学生接触英语的主要场所,基于这一点,我国许多英语教师提出要大力推行交际教学法,提高学生的口头交际能力。为此,我们将对在我国英语教学中一直占据着主导地位的语法-翻译教学法和交际教学法这两大流派加以探讨,研究两大流派各自的特点,它们之间的关系,以及它们在英语教学中如何互相结合、互相补充。
一、语法-翻译教学法
翻译是英语教学最直接的目的之一。这一教学理论及方法有着长久的历史,但是人们常提到的语法-翻译教学法是近一百多年来的教学法。它主要反映了当时19世纪各国的grammar school的要求和愿望,这一理论的原始动机是一种改良主义。在18世纪的学者中,他们采用的传统方法是通过学习语法来获取英语的阅读能力,然后借助字典并利用这种知识去理解文章。
首先,语法-翻译教学法强调:①学生的母语在教学过程中的重要作用,强调母语和英语的共同使用。②将母语与英语进行比较,把两者间的异同充分挖掘出来,这样学生可了解到两种语言的共性和差异,从而有助于学生更加明确地理解英语。③在教学过程中,对语法的学习,着重理性的认识,从而加深了学生对英语的理解。
其次,语法-翻译教学法认为:①学习英语最重要的任务就是学习其语法,语法是语言的核心,语法既有助于理解英语、翻译英语,又有助于培养学生的逻辑思维能力。②在学完字母的发音和书写后,让学生系统地学习语法和扩大词汇,然后学说话并阅读课文。③在讲授语法时,首先要讲授词法,然后讲授句法,最后采用演绎法讲授语法规则以及语法应用。
总之,语法-翻译教学法是一种双向语言教学法,除了为加深学生对原文的理解,对某些难句采用英译汉的讲解方式之外,还应结合课文中的语言点指导学生系统地进行汉译英的练习,提高学生的英语写作能力,最终掌握两种语言顺利转换的技能,达到中国学生学习英语的主要目的。
二、交际教学法
交际教学法又称为功能教学法或功能意念法。70年代在欧洲兴起,它以语言功能项目为纲,着重培养交际能力。这一教学法的理论来源是社会语言学、心理语言学,它把语言作为一种交际工具,为全社会服务,针对不同的现象、不同的目的,采用不同的训练方式,教授不同的内容。
首先,交际教学法强调:①语言教学的内容必须是真实的、自然的,而不是为了体现某种语言现象而特别安排的,而且真实、自然的语言材料要安排在合情合理、合乎社会交际情理的情境之中。这是因为教学过程本身就是一种交际、真实、地道、自然的语言材料和真实的生活场景,是保证学生掌握生活语言的基本要素。②不以语法项目为主线来安排教学内容和顺序,而是以功能意念为基础。但这并不意味着它反对语法知识的讲解和对母语以及翻译方法作为教学手段的有效运用,对语法上的难点还是要有一定程度上的讲解。③在教学过程中,教师的任务是给学生提供和创造真实而自然的语言交际情景,并在学生使用语言的目标过程中,采取相应的措施,鼓励学生自由地表达自己的观点,以便创造性地使用语言。其次,交际教学法认为:①教学活动应该以学生为中心,而非以教师为主。教师应努力地使教学过程富有交际意义,并指导学生积极参与语言游戏、角色扮演、讲故事、模拟情景对话、解决问题等形式多样的活动中,以便在生活中学会活的语言。②教学过程中应有各种各样的基本要素,各自扮演着不同的角色,这分别是:社会、性别、功能、意念、情景、语体、语音、语调、语法、词汇等等。③教学教材要有与之相配的教学媒体,以之增加交际的真实性,提高交际的有效度,从而形成自己的特色。其特色不仅注重语言结构,而且更注重语言的使用与妥贴;它既能训练学生正确地使用语言,也能训练学生流利地表达语言;它不仅注重了有关语言练习,还注重于通过使用语言所完成的交际活动,从而限制了以教师为中心的课堂传授。
总之,交际教学法主要是强调学生的交际能力,它是针对以前语言教学中主要强调学生的语言知识和语言能力这一问题,学英语的目的不仅仅是了解知识,而且要掌握语言的应用或它的交际功能。因此,交际教学法实质上是吸收了其他教学法流派的优点,从而形成了自己的特色。
三、两种教学法在英语教学中的综合应用
从以上两种教学法特征的阐述中,我们不难看出,两种教学法并非完全对立,它们之间有着相当大的互补性:一种强调书面语和阅读,一种强调日常用语和口语;一种强调语言的理性知识,一种强调语言的应用能力;一种强调语法和母语在学习中的作用,一种强调语言技能在学习中的培养。所以,在我国的英语教学中,任何一种教学法不是绝对独立的,任何一位教师都不是单纯地使用一种教学法,任何一部语言教材都体现了各种不同的教学法。到目前为止,我国的英语教学法和大部分的英语语言教材都是以语法-翻译法为主线的。那么,如何将这两种教学法或者多种教学法有机地结合起来,各取所长,相互补充,这正是本文要探讨的问题。其做法如下:
1、要根据不同的学习对象确定不同的教学方法。大家都知道,不同年龄的人对语言的学习方法和效果是不同的,这是由他们的智力特征所决定的。小孩虽不解其意,但能很流利地背诵各种各样的诗歌,这说明他们的理解力尚不完善,但他们的模仿力却远远超过成年人,并且不耻开口。相反,成年人愿意探究语言自身的规律性。由此看来,对小孩来说,在英语学习的过程中,多采用交际教学法,给他们创造良好的语言环境,让他们多听、多看、多说一些真实自然的语言,让他们亲身感受语言,这不失为明智之举。而对于已是成年人的大学生来说,要多提高他们的理性认识,对一些语言现象以及语法要点,要及时给他们讲清楚,让他们深刻领会并能灵活应用所学知识,做到理性认识与应用能力的完美结合。
2、要根据学生不同的学习阶段及时调整不同的教学方法。在英语学习的开始阶段,学生的词汇量并不丰富,对于一些新单词,如果用英语解释,效果恐怕会适得其反。比如对于“door”一词,直截了当给出汉语意思“门”,问题就迎刃而解了。如果我们用英语解释“a movable flat surface that opens and closes the entrance to a building room or piece of furniture”(Longman Dictionary Of Contemporary English)。这样一来,学习者很可能不得要领,听不懂我们在说些什么,久而久之,会对学习英语产生畏惧心理。因此,对于一些抽象的概念,则更难以用英语讲解清楚,而使用传统的教学法语法-翻译法就简单明了了。在英语学习的中级阶段,交际教学法的介入将起到积极的作用。此时此刻,学生已经掌握了基本的语言知识,有了初步的听、说、读、写能力,而且也具备了自主学习的能力,交际教学法的运用将有效地巩固,深化所学的知识,提高语言运用的熟练程度。但这并不排斥对传统教学法语法-翻译法的运用,因为对一些难度较大的句子,传统教学法语法-翻译法往往会起到一箭击中的作用,使学生更加透彻地学习语言、理解语言、应用语言。
3、要根据学生不同的学习目标制定不同的教学方法。如:“please”(请)一词表示客气,用于请求和询问中,但“Will you please be quiet?”(请你安静点好吗?)却表示命令;在篇章分析时,针对学生就词论词、就句论句的习惯,指导学生从话语、篇章等大的语言单位上看待问题、分析问题,正确领会作者的意图,沟通与作者的无声交际;在理解课文深刻含义时,有意把学生分成小组让他们就所提问题进行同意、反对、辩论等一系列的交际,这些小组要不时地打乱重组,小组长轮流当,不断增加学生间交际的机会,打好语言基本功,提高语言交际力,为获得各级各类的英语证书打下坚实的基础。
综上所述,在英语教学中,无论哪一种方法都有其优点和缺点,因为它们都是某一个时代的产物,反映某一时期的英语教学的需要。随着社会的发展,人们对英语的学习多样化,现在仅靠一种方法是达不到目的的。因此,英语教师就要根据自身的情况,灵活、适当地使用各种方法,博采众长,相信语法-翻译教学法和交际教学法的综合运用定能在我国的英语教学中结出硕果。
参考文献:
[1]刘润清.大学英语教学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社.1999:P98-101 [2]黄建滨.大学英语教学改革的出路[J].外语界.2001年第3期:P78-81 [3]李芳.英语教学法[M].
北京:高等教育出版社.2001年:P57-59 [4]章兼中.国外外语教学主要流派[M]. 上海:华东师范大学出版社.2001年:P81
第四篇:大学英语教学法教案普遍问题
期末英语教案 格式注意事项:
1.提交期末教案时,不管是打印还是手写,都要附上课文复印件,打印用A4打印(整个单元)。如果是手写,统一用嘉应学院信纸。2.教案要按老师给的格式做。应分好课时内容,写清所教讲内容(比如,PEP: A/B 部分,Let’s learn/Read and write;班、名字,教学重点等等。
3.在首页的某个同学名字后面留个手机(最好短号),方便联系。
4.如果是有几次修改的,请注明第2稿或第3稿。方便我翻看批改记录。
5.不要出现很简单的单词拼写错误,打印错误,这些问题说明工作态度不够认真严谨。比如,把room写成rome(对拼写错误电脑有红色下划线提示)或大小写错误,比如把Jack写成jack,把I写成i,以及简单句子的语法错误,比如,What does he doing? 6.英文一定要用Times New Roman字体。
7.只要不是句子里的单词,首字母不要大写,比如表格里的单词和key word里的单词首字母要小写。
教学过程注意问题:
1.教学内容要按所教的步骤来组织。不能太简单,比如,一上课就 1
带读单词,然后带读句子或对话,做练习,对答案,整个教学过程不需要认真思考就能写出教案。仅此一项就可评为不及格。2.要根据所教句型在课本上使用的情景来设计与学生生活相吻合的的情景作为导入。
3.要按照课本句型教,不要随便给句型前后加其他成分。如果重点抓错,即教错内容,分数最多只有70多分。
4.要紧扣课本的句型教单词,不能总用其他句子呈现或练习单词。比如,所教句型是:What does he look like? He has long and curly hair.在教的时候不能说:Look at this picture, this one has long and curly hair.5.呈现新知识要学会一步一步呈现,不能一下全说出来。比如前面的句型,应先教long, 再教curly, 学生才容易接受。
6.教学步骤要求完整。如果该有的步骤没有,不知道先教什么后教什么,思路凌乱,分数最多只有70多分。
7.设计的活动要练听、说、读、写的某个方面,不能只是上讲台贴贴画或连连线。
8.各个环节之间要有联系,不会脱节。
9.记住课堂用语原则:1).写教案时用全英文,上课时如果发现学生听不懂,可以把部分英文翻译成中文。2).可说可不说的一律不说;3).要说的一定要够简单,表达正确。课堂用语切忌啰嗦。4).尽量避免出现Do you know…./ Could you tell me…/ Who can tell me…等表达,因为这些句子所接的是宾语从句,要变成陈述句的
语序,容易让学生混淆所教的疑问句。5).写教案时要把整个教学过程写出来,不能只是解释,如“老师接下来解释over的用法并举例说明”,必须把解释的整个过程写出来。
10.对阅读和听力教学要强调训练学生的某一项阅读技巧和听力技巧(详见教学法课本相关章节),不能光教单词、句子和语法。
11.设计游戏和活动的时候,一定要用最简单的英语把游戏规则或活动规则讲清楚。
12.上课刚开始时候,不提倡老师讲一个故事作为导入,因为故事较长,并且难听明白,学生容易分心,后面课堂气氛会受到影响。
13.给小学生解释单词或语法,越简单越好,不能说“over means finish”, 而应该给出一个学生熟悉的情景,让他们知道在什么时候使用这个词、词组或语法。
第五篇:英语教学法
英语教学法
一、判断题(共 27 道试题,共 54 分。)V
1.在外语学习中兴趣是激发学生求知欲、推动他们探究和学习、获取语言知识和技能的动因。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
2.提倡研究性学习就是要改变传统的接受性学习的学习方式。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
3.日常记录指的是记录学生学习过程或反应的非正式笔记,一般通过直接观察记录下来。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
4.阅读教学的最终目的是培养学生的朗读能力。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
5.一位老师给学生辅导答疑,一讲再讲,学生说懂了。但过了不久,教师发现他还没懂。这位老师未加以询问,就急着再讲了一遍。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
6.元认知策略是对自己的学习活动进行调控管理的策略。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
7.外语教学问题单纯是教学方法的问题,只要找到理想的方法,外语教学的问题就可迎刃而解。
A.错误
B.正确
8.英语教学的目的只是学好英语基础知识和基本技能,掌握这个工具。
A.错误
B.正确
9.合作学习过程中并不排斥竞争
。A.错误
B.正确
10.语言与文化密不可分,语言有很丰富的文化内涵; 英语学习中有许多跨文化交际的因素
A.错误
B.正确
11.学习策略是学生理解、学习新材料和运用语言时的思维和行为。
A.错误
B.正确
12.语法从描写的对象看,可以分为教学语法、参考语法以及语言学语法。
A.错误
B.正确
13.一次测试的信度系数约为0.75,说明这次测试的信度是不可取的。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
14.及时复习巩固英语词汇是防止或减少遗忘的好方法。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
15.外语教学包含两个层次,一是让学生了解语言知识,二是语言性练习。
A.错误
B.正确
16.对学生应该积极引导,提高学习兴趣。
A.错误
B.正确
17.英语教学 是实施素质教育的重要内容和手段之一
A.错误
B.正确
18.交际策略是学生为了争取更多的交际机会、维持交际以及提高交际效果而采取的策略。
A.错误
B.正确
19.语篇阅读是信息型阅读,它不是阅读单词和单句,而是对语篇整体的把握。通过阅读把握文章的结构脉络,分析主要信息,归纳主题大意。
A.错误
B.正确
20.英语教学只是和外语测试关系密切,而与应用语言学、语用学和心理语言学没有多大关系。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
21.外语教学法的各种流派的方法体系都有各自相对的优点和缺点。我们只要采取一种流派的方法就是外语教学的最佳方法。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
22.根据阅读的技巧,阅读有 跳读、掠读 和细读 之分。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
23.元认知知识指的是个体对于认知活动进行调节的能力。
A.错误
B.正确
24.“场独立型” 的学生在学习上独立性较强,喜欢与人交往,是感性的学生。
A.错误
B.正确
25.既然提倡“自主学习”,就应该给学生更多的活动空间,老师就没有必要参与学生的活动。A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
26.口语教学 要兼顾流利性和准确性。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
27.情感具有 激智功能、动力功能、调节功能、感染功能和移情 功能。
A.错误
B.正确
满分:2分
1.()tell you what you should use in order to produce accurate utterances
.A.The descriptive grammar
B.The prescriptive grammar
C.The traditional grammar
满分:2分
2.对于不读书、上课不听课乃至离家出走的学生,你的看法和对策是:
A.这类学生受到家庭和社会的影响,已经“定型”,只要不出大事,能维持到毕业就行了
B.老师费尽心机做工作,好不到几天又故态复萌,这些学生最好回家或转走
C.这些学生因为学习差,染上了不良习惯,父母不爱,同学不喜欢,老师要多爱他们,理解他们的难处,坚持关心、帮助他们
D.联系家长对他们每天的生活言行严加管束
满分:2分
3.Which of the following is focused on writing ?
A.Labeling pictures according to their contents.B.Sequencing the pictures according to the story.C.Matching the pictures with the headings.D.Commenting on the pictures.满分:2分
4.Which of the following should we examine if we want to assess the students' intrapersonal intelligence ?
A.Performance in a discussion.B.Posters.C.Learning diaries.D.Performance in an interview.5.Which of the following activity is most demanding?
A.list what you can buy at a supermarket
B.list what you can buy at a supermarket in five minutes
C.list at least 15 things in you can buy at a supermarket in five minutes
6.Which of the following can help train speaking ?
A.Listen and follow instructions.B.Simon says.C.Pairs finding.D.Match captions with pictures.7.What should a required lesson plan look like?
A.a copy of explanation of words and structures
B.a timetable for activities
C.transcribed procedure of classroom instruction
8.We need to create education standards that prepare our next generation who will be()with an even more competitive market.A.tackled
B.encountered
C.dealt
D.confronted
9.Which of the following activities can be used at the practice stage of vocabulary instruction ?
A.Completion exercises.B.Reading to discover the meaning of words.C.Cross-word puzzles.D.Teacher explaining the usage of words.满分:2分
10.When should the teacher issue the instruction?
A.as soon as class begins
B.when students’ attention is directed to the teacher
C.when class is silent
满分:2分
11.Which of the following is a communication game ?
A.Bingo.B.Word chain.C.Rearranging and describing.D.Cross-word puzzle.满分:2分
12.Which of the following activities can best motivate junior learners?
A.games
B.recitation
C.role-play of dialogues
满分:2分
13.The purpose of the outline is to enable the students to have a clear organization of ideas and a structure that can guide them().A.in the actual writing
B.in free writing
C.in controlled writing
满分:2分
14.It is easier for students to remember new words if they are designed in()and if they are and again and again in()situations and contexts.A.context, same
B.context, different
C.concept, difficult
满分:2分
15.To help students understand the structure of a text and sentence sequencing, we could use()for students to rearrange the sentences in the right order.A.cohesive devices
B.a coherent text
C.scrambled sentences
满分:2分
16.What type of intelligence is cooperative learning best suited for ?
A.Interpersonal intelligence.B.Intrapersonal intelligence.C.Logical intelligence.D.Linguistic intelligence.满分:2分
17.Which of the following belongs to learning outcomes ?
A.Role-plays
B.Sequencing pictures
C.Surveys
D.Worksheets.满分:2分
18.What“s the teacher doing by saying” Who wants to have a try?“ ?
A.Controlling discipline.B.Giving prompt.C.Evaluating students” work.D.Directing students~ attention to the lesson.满分:2分
三、多选题(共 5 道试题,共 10 分。)V
1.在中学各科教学中,历史、地理有时要记住外国的 国名、地名,理化、生物课有时要解释外国术语,汉语知识尤其与英语教学相关。从英语教学角度说,可以采取的措施
A.不管,让学生获各科教使自己去解决
B.在英语教学中加入一些别科需用的内容
C.相关教师联合讨论,进行“科际联系”
D.利用课外时间开设学习英语专有名词、术语、英汉对比等讲座,让学生选听满分:2分
2.课堂教学中全班学生突然十分安静,学习活动(听说读写)也不活跃。这时你认为是哪些情况的反映:
A.学生疲倦了,需要来点儿唱歌之类的活动振奋一下
B.学生都遇到困难,需要改变教学内容或活动方法
C.学生缺乏活动的语言材料,需要帮助解决
D.学生全都学得很好,需要加快速度
满分:2分
3.以下属于合作法的组织策略有 :
A.积极的互赖策略
B.编组策略
C.社交技能策略
D.责任制策略
E.调整焦虑策略
满分:2分
4.教会学生学习是新世纪各科教学的共同要求,英语教师必须向学生介绍学习方法。你认为应当怎样介绍 :
A.教一种语言项目/材料,同时介绍学习该项目的方法
B.随着教学的进展介绍英语学习的特殊方法,如记词方法,听音方法
C.介绍同班优生的学习方法
D.介绍教师最欣赏的学习方法并要求学生采用
满分:2分
5.英语教师在课堂教学活动中必须掌握教学活动动态的发展情况,以采取恰当的对应措施而提高教学成效。掌握教学动态主要通过多方面的观察 :
A.观察学生的活动
B.观察面部表情和情绪
C.观察教学过程是否顺畅
D.观察学生是否认真地记录教师讲解
满分:2分