动词和他动词相对应的动词专题

第一篇：动词和他动词相对应的动词专题

动词和他动词相对应的动词：

自動詞意味他動詞意味

ドアが開く(门开了)ドアを開ける(打开门)

人が集まる(人们聚在一起)人を集める(把人们集合起来)父が起きる(父亲起床)父を起こす(叫醒父亲)

携帯が落ちる(手机丢了)携帯を落とす(把手机弄丢了)お金がかかる(费钱)お金をかける(花钱)

電気が消える(电灯灭了)電気を消す(把电灯关掉)

電気が付く(电灯开着)電気を付ける(把电灯打开)

窓が閉まる(窗户关着)窓を閉める(把窗户关掉)

値段が高くなる(价格上涨了)値段を高くする(提高价格)

家が建つ(房子落成)家を建てる(盖房子)

車が止まる(汽车停下)車を止める(把车停下)

病気が治る(病得到了治愈)病気を治す(治病)

本が並ぶ(书排列着)本を並べる(排列书籍)

仕事が終わる(工作结束)仕事を終える(结束工作)

富士山が見える(能看见富士山)富士山を見る(看富士山)

音楽が聞こえる(传来音乐)音楽を聞く(听音乐)

人がバスに乗る(旅客乘公共汽车)人をバスに乗せる(让旅客乘公共汽车)本が鞄に入る(书包里放着书)本を鞄に入れる(把书放进书包里)

第二篇：自动词和他动词的分类比较

自动词和他动词的分类比较

（一）自动词和他动词的意义

自动词：动词本身能完整地表示主语的某种动作的词。

他动词：动词需要有一个宾语才能完整地表现主语的动作或作用的词 例： 風が吹く（自动词）彼がタオルを絞る（他动词）

（二）自动词与他动词的分类与比较

1、只有自动词没有相对应的他动词的。如：

居るいる

ある

咲くさく

行く

来る

寝るねる 泣くなく 眠るねむる 老いるおいる

2、只有他动词而没有相对应的自动词的。如：

買う

売る

話す 聞く

読む

書く

見る

打つ

思う 考える

3、既是自动词又是他动词的。如：

吹く

開く

笑う

増す増やす

閉じるとじる

寄せるよせる

4、自动词和他动词的词干或词源相同的词

1）下一段活用的词大多数是他动词，其对应的词是自动词。

自動詞

他動詞 如：すすむ進む

すすめる進める

集まる

集める

立つ

立てる

ならぶ並ぶ

ならべる並べる

いたむ痛む

いためる痛める

かたむく傾く

かたむける傾ける

やむ止む

やめる止める

２）サ行五段活用动词大多是他动词，其相对应的词是自动词。如：

倒れる

倒す 延びる

のばす 燃える

燃やす おきる

おこす 隠れる

隠す 出る

だす 現れる

あらわす 残る

残す こぼれる

こぼす

5、五段活用动词与可能助动词连接并约音而成的可能动词都是自动词。如：

書かれる～～～～書ける 読まれる～～～～読める 話される～～～～話せる 行かれる～～～～行ける

但如果原来的五段活用动词是他动词的话没，构成可能动词后仍有可能作为他动词使用。如：

私は日本語が話せる 也可以说成 私は日本語を話せる

6、下面一些表示使役意义的サ行五段活用动词都是他动词 動かす～～～～動かせる 輝かす～～～輝かせる 働かす～～～働かせる 聞かす～～～聞かせる

注意：他动词的宾语一般都 用助词「を」表示，但是带「を」的词不一定都是他动词的宾语。

第三篇：动词被动语态

动词被动语态

一、用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空

1.When _____ the first man-made satellite _______（send）up into space ?

2.Last year vegetables ______（grow）in the garden by Tom and he ______（sell）

them himself.3.She ______（help）him with his homework tomorrow evening.4.How many magazines ______（can borrow）in your library every week ?

5.John ______（hear）to go upstairs two hours ago.6.－Who ______（save）her father ?

－He ______（save）by that policeman.7.The doctor ______（send for）because his grandpa was ill.8.Mooncakes ______（make）by his mother every year.______ your mother _____（make）mooncakes for you every year ?

9.Some toys ______（buy）as a presents for these children last Monday.10._____ paper ______（make）of wood ?

11.I began ___________（educate）when I was six.12.I don’t imagine you’ll refuse ___________（promote）, will you?

13.They allowed him __________（admit）.14.You car engine sounds dreadful.You ought to have it ___________.（look at）

15.These days, even the most remote place area on earth ___________（visit）by tourists.Package tours ___________（can arrange）for almost anywhere, from the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)and the Amazonian jungle(亚马逊雨林).二、把下列句子改成被动语态They owe a lot of money to the bank.______________________________________________________________ 2 The scientists have proved that there is no life on the moon.______________________________________________________________ 3 You can buy videos like this one anywhere.______________________________________________________________ 4 Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day.______________________________________________________________ 5 Someone may have already written the history of the European Community.______________________________________________________________When we arrived home, we found that someone had broken one of our windows.1

______________________________________________________________ 7 The Greens have sold their car to pay their debts.______________________________________________________________ 8 They hold a meeting in the village hall once a week.______________________________________________________________ 9 The investors are building a new supermarket near the cinema.______________________________________________________________ 10 They are taking the refugees to a camp outside the village

______________________________________________________________

三、改错

1.After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment damaged.2.I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.Has it all finished.3.More patients had been treated in hospital this year than last year.4.The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945，and their power is increased enormously ever since.5.According to the art dealer, the painting expected to go for at least a million dollars.6.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to tell the film stars had left.7.When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.8.The flu is believed being caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.9.When first being introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.10.Hundreds of jobs will lose if the factory closes.11.A new cinema is built here.They hope to finish it next month.12.Rainforests had been cut and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in near future.13.The story was happened in London.四、汉译英。

1.这种裙子到处都看得到。

This style of dress _________ ________ ________ everywhere.2.窗子已经关了。

The windows _________ _________ __________.3.我认为青少年应该多做运动。

I think teenagers _________ _________ __________ ________

4.昨天有人听到你因为没考好哭了。

You ________ ________ _____ yesterday because you failed the exam.5.运动会将在下周召开。

The sports meeting _________ _________ _______ next week.这座宫殿建于1875年。

The palace ___________ _________ __________ 1875.足球将比赛什么时候举行？

When __________ the football game __________ __________?你应该自己做家庭作业。

Your homework _________ _________ _________ by _________.9这本书肯定是韩寒写的The book _________ ________ __________ ________ Han Han.说汉语的人最多。

Chinese _________ _________ _________ most people in the world.据说，她能说几种外国语。

_________________________________________________________________ 12 这个问题明天上午讨论吗？

_________________________________________________________________ 13 必须指出台湾问题是中国的内政（internal affairs）

_________________________________________________________________

五、语法填空

HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES

Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker.When he 1__________(die)recently, he 2__________(give)a magnificent funeral which 3__________(attend)by hundreds of famous people.The funeral was going to 4__________(hold)in Westminster Abby.Many ordinary people 5__________(line)the streets to watch the procession.The wonderful black and gold carriage 6__________(draw)by six black horses.The mourners 7__________(follow)in silence.Lord Manners8___________(given)a royal farewell.Tow tramps were among the crowd.They 9__________(watch)the procession with amazement.As solemn music 10_________(could hear)in the distance, one of them 11_________(turn)to the other and 12_________（whisper）

3admiration，’Now that’s what I call really living!’

六、完形填空

FISHY TALES

Mermaids（美人鱼）1_____by sailors for centuries.The basis of all mermaid myths 2_____ to be a creature called a Manatee: a kind of walrus!Mermaids used 3_____ in funfairs until recently.It all began in 1817 when a ‘mermaid’ 4_____ for $6,000 by a sailor in the South Pacific.She was eventually sold to the great circus owner Barnum.She 5_____in 1842 as ‘the Feejee Mermaid’.It 6_____that she earned Barnum $ 1,000 a week!The thousands who saw this mermaid must 7_____.She 8_____ by a Japanese fisherman.A monkey’s head had been delicately（精美地）sewn(缝)to the tail（燕尾服）of a large salmon.The job 9_____ that the join between the fish and the monkey was invisible.Real imagination must 10_____ to see this revolting creature as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden hair.1.A.had been seenB.saw

C.have been seenD.was saw

2.A.supposeB.is supposed

C.had supposedD.have been supposed

3.A.to be shownB.to show

C.shownD.being shown

4.A.has been boughtB.bought

C.had been boughtD.was bought

5.A.has been exhibitedB.was exhibited

C.had been exhibitedD.exhibited

6.A.was saidB.said

C.has been saidD.had said

7.A.had been disappointedB.disappointed

C.have been disappointedD.were disappointed

8.A.was cleverly madeB.have been cleverly made

C.is cleverly madeD.was being cleverly made

9.A.was being so skillful doneB.have been so skillful done

C.is so skillful doneD.had been so skillful done

10.A.have requiredB.have been required

C.be requiredD.require

第四篇：动词比较级

不规则形容词比较等级的形式变化 good-----better------best

好的

well------better------best

身体好的 bad------worse------worst

坏的 ill--------worse-------worst

病的 many--------more------most

许多 much------more--------most

许多 few------less-------least

少数几个 little-------less------least

少数一点儿

far------further------furthest

更进一步，程度 far------farther------farthest

更远，路程

old-------older------oldest

年老的（指年纪）

old------elder-------eldest

年老的（指兄弟姐妹的排行）2)规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法

原级

比较级

最高级

1.一般单音节词

tall(高的)

taller tallest未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的)greater greatest

以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的)

nicer nicest的单音词和少数

large(大的)larger largest 2.以-le结尾的双 able（有能力的)abler ablest音节词只加-r,-st

3.以一个辅音字母 big(大的)

bigger biggest结尾的闭音节单 hot热的)

hotter hottest音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est

4.“以辅音字母+y” easy(容易的)easier easiest结尾的双音节词，busy(忙的)

busier busiest改y为i，再加-er，-est

5.少数以-er，-ow clever(聪明的)cleverer cleverest结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的)narrower narrowest未尾加-er，-est

6.其他双音节词和 important(重要的)多音节词，在前

more important面加more，most

most important来构成比较级和 easily(容易地)最高级。

more easily

most easily

比较级的句子结构通常是：

什么 + 动词be(am , is , are)+ 形容词比较级 + than（比）+ 什么 ,如：

I’m taller and heavier than you.（我比你更高和更重。）

An elephant is bigger than a tiger.（一只大象比一只老虎更大。）

☆注意

比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。

典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。）

比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。

应该改为：My hair is longer than yours.或My hair is longer than your hair.练习

()1 Which do you like ___, tea or coffee? A.well B.better C.best D.Most()2 This work is ____ for me than for you.A.difficult B.most difficult C.much difficult D.more difficult()3 Which do you think tastes ____, the chicken or the fish? A.good B.better C.best D.Well()4 The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once A.higher B.highest C.high too D.more high()5 Don't you think it ______ not to write the letter? A.well , B.better C.best D.Good

（一）写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_____ ______

wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____heavy____ ______

slow ______ _______ few____ _____bright______ _____ badly _____ _______ far____ _____many_____ ______

happy_____ ______(二)用所给词的正确形式填空： 3.Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______(fat)than before after the summer holidays.5.He is ______(bad)at learning maths.He is much _______(bad)at Chinese and he is the

_________(bad)at English.7.Annie says Sally is the ________(kind)person in the world.8.He is one of the_________(friendly)people in the class, I think.9.Sue is a little ___________________(beautiful)than her sister.10.My room is not as _________(big)as my brother' s.11.--How difficult is physics?--I' m not sure.(difficult)than maths?--I don' t think so.--Is it ___________________

15.--Annie plays the piano very ___________(well).than Annie.And Sally plays it the __________(well).--Sue plays it _____(well)

1、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子

heavy tall long big

(1)How

is the Yellow River?(2)How

is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.(3)How

are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How

is the fish? It’s 2kg.2、根据句意写出所缺的单词

(1)I’m 12 years old.You’re 14.I’m

than you.(2)A rabbit’s tail is

than a monkey’s tail.(3)An elephant is

than a pig.(4)A lake is

than a sea.(5)A basketball is

than a football.3、根据中文完成句子.(1)我比我的弟弟大三岁.I’m

than my brother.(2)这棵树要比那棵树高.This tree

than that one.(3)你比他矮四厘米.You are

than he.(4)谁比你重?

than you？

4、根据答句写出问句

(1)

I’m 160 cm.(2)

I’m 12 years old.(4)

Amy’s hair is 30 cm long.

第五篇：离合动词

常见离合动词

见面帮忙睡觉洗澡生气操心灰心打架

报仇吃亏叹气倒霉出事辞职毕业结婚

离婚带头请客敬酒加油鼓掌送礼出差

唱歌跳舞谈话聊天吃饭上课

练习

1他_____走进来

A唱着歌B唱歌着

2昨天晚上太热了，我______

A只睡了三个小时觉B只睡觉了三个小时C只三个小时睡觉 3我们曾经请他来_____

A帮忙过两次B帮过两次忙C帮两次忙过

4明天有时间的话，请你_____

A帮忙我一个B帮一个我忙C帮我个忙

5说到伤心处，他不禁_____

A叹气一口了B叹了一口气C叹气了一口

6这次他_____

A吃亏了很大B吃亏很大了C吃了很大亏

7父母把我们养大，不知为我们

A操了多少心B操心了多少C操多少心了

8他们俩刚才又_____

A打架起来了B打起架来了C打架了起来

9听说上个月_____

A小王和小张订婚了B小王订婚了小张C小王订的婚小张 10他去年_____

A毕业了大学B大学毕业了

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