英语动词

第一篇：英语动词

第十二讲 英语动词 [1]

[新E英语 沈章柱

2007-10-18]

一、动词的概念

顾名思义，动词就是表示动作的词。所谓动作，绝大多数是可以感知到的，比如汽车在开，人在看电视，太阳升起降落，等等。也有些动作不是直接能看到听到的，例如思考问题，制定方案，经济发展，等等。不管怎么说，这些动作都比较明显，直接或间接地被我们觉察出来。但是，英语动词还有一类是表示“状态”的。这些动词并没有直观的动作，它只是表示事物存在的一种状态。例如：我是一个学生。其中的“是”，在英语中就是动词；再例如：我们有一个篮球。其中的“有”也是动词；等等。这类表示状态的动词，对于初学者来说要多加留意，它们也必须按照动词的规律来使用。

二、动词的分类

1、根据动词的意义分类

(1)实义动词和非实义动词(助动词)动词属于“实词”的一种。所谓实词，就是有明确具体的含义，像名词的桌子、猫狗德行，形容词的红黄蓝绿等等，动词的哭笑、走路等等。而英语中其它的一些词类如冠词、介词等等，意义比较地空虚，所以叫做虚词。根据动词是不是有明确具体的意思，动词本身也分成所谓的实义动词和非实义动词。实义动词就是动作比较明显具体，像上面讲到的汽车在开，人在看电视，太阳升起，思考问题，制定方案，经济发展，等等。非实义动词通称为助动词，如can, may, will, shall 等等。注意：有少数动词既可以算作实义动词，也是助动词。也就是说，这些动词既可以作实义动词，在另外情况下它又是助动词，如：be, have, look, seem 等。请看例句： 例1：I have my supper at about 6:30 every day.我每在6:30 左右吃晚饭。（这儿，have 是实义动词。）例2：The students have planted many trees.学生们种了许多树。（这儿，have planted 中的have 是完成时态的助动词。）

(2)短时动词和持续动词

短时动词也称瞬时动词，是说这些动作在很短时间内就完成了，它不太可能持续很长的时间，例如：leave(离开)borrow(借), buy(买)，等等。相反，持续动词表示的是，这些动作是一种持续性的动作，它可以连续不断地发生，例如：write(写), walk(走路), sleep(睡觉)等等。

一个动作是短时动词还是持续动词，也就是动作持续时间的长或短，在英语中对于正确使用动词的时态非常有用。而有些动词，短时与长时所用的动词是不一样的。这一点在中文里是没有的，也是初学者经常遇到的问题之一。请看例句： 例1：当 Tom 到达的时候，他得知 Mary 已经离开将近三个小时了。

[错] When Tom arrived he learned Mary had left for almost three hours.因为过去完成时 had left 和 for 连用，有不停地离开的意思，英语中算作错误。

[对] When Tom arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost three hours.要表示持续的状态，可以改用系表结构 had been away。例2：她那天穿着一件新裙子。

[错] She put on a new dress that day.put on 表示“穿上”的短时动作。显然，她不可能一天总是在那儿穿来穿去。

[对] She wore a new dress that day.wear 表示“穿着”的状态，是持续动词。

例3：他丢了包有三天了。

[错] He has lost his bag for three days.丢东西是很短时间发生的事，不可能连续三天才把包丢掉。for 表示持续的一段时间。

[对] He lost his bag three days ago./ It is three days since he lost his bag.1、及物动词

及物动词的意思是，谓语动词后必须接一个宾语，表明谓语动词所影响到的对像或者目标。这样，句子的意思才比较完整。例如上例中，discuss 后接了一个 the usage of verb，指出了我们讨论的对象(或目标)，整句话连起来就是：weusage(我们讨论用法)，基本上表达出了句子的主要意思。再例如：The boy see a picture on the wall.如果只说 see，听者可能就会问 see 了什么？这里候必须接一个具体的内容 a picture，这样意思就比较完整了。

及物动词在英语里用缩写 v.t.表示。

2、不及物动词

不及物动词，意思就是它不需要后面接宾语，句子意思本身就清楚了。

例如：A car is running along the bridge.run 是谓语，说汽车在开。我们听到了 carFreanch)我能看懂法文，但不会说。

We read about the storm in the paper today.(read 用作不及物：read-about)从今天的报纸上我们得知今天有风暴

(2)有的词只用作不及物动词，如果要接宾语，必须后接介词。这些加了介词的不及物动词，很多有固定的意思，因而也被称作“动词短语”。例如：

He turned on the torch to look for his keys.他打开了手电筒，寻找钥匙。(turn on 与 look for)The children always lag（缓缓而行）behind when we go for a walk.(go for)我们出去散步时，孩子们总是落在后面。

2、实义动词(及物、不及物)与助动词

及物与不及物动词都是实义动词，有着明确具体的含义。相对来说，助动词的意义就比较虚了。助动词的用法在讲时态的时候还会专门讲述。这里要说的是，英语有些动词既可以做实义动词，也可以用作助动词。这一点请初学者要搞清楚。例如：

I am a student of Class Two.[ 这里am 是实义动词] 我是一个二班的学生。

I am playing basketball.[这里am 是助动词] 我在打篮球。

We have a clean and tidy classroom.[ have 是实义动词] 我们有一间干净整齐的教室。

We have learned 1000 words this term.[ have 是助动词] 这学期我们学了1000个单词。

3、谓语动词的变化

英语中，谓语动词的变化非常复杂。这是由英语表达的特点决定的。简单地说，英语在表示一个动作的时态，特别注意两个问题：一是动作发生的时间，是过去、现在还是将来等等；二是动作持续的状态，是做完了、正在进行、一直持续等等。同一个动作，在不同的时间、不同的状态的时候，要用动词的不同形式来表达，这就是所谓动词的过去式、一般现在时、正在进行时等等的原因。关于这方面的问题，这里只提示一下，以后讲时态的时候将专门进行讲解。例如：

He does his exercise every day.[ does 表示一般现在时，does 是单数第三人称。] 他每天都做锻炼。He is doing his exercise now.[ is doing 表示现在进行时, doing 叫现在分词。] 他正在锻炼。

He has done his exercise and for two months.[ has done 现在完成时，done 叫过去分词。] 他锻炼有两个月了。

1、限定性动词和非限定性的动词

限定与非限定动词，是从主语与谓语的搭配关系来说的。限定动词是指动词变与不变受主语的人称(第一、第二、第三人称)和是单数还是复数的限制。它主要出现在一般现在时及少数的时态中。

例如，在一般现在时中，I, you, we 和复数名词形式时谓语动词不需要进行变化；如果是单数第三人称，动词则要进行变化。(这种情况也叫“主语、谓语的一致”。)请看例句： We go to school on weekdays.我们天天上学。(we 是复数，go 不需要变化。)He goes to school on weekdays.他天天上学。(he 是第三人称单数，go 需要变成 goes。)I shall play football on Saturday.我星期六将踢足球。(I 后要用 shall 表示将来。）The boys will play football on Saturday.男生们星期六将踢足球。(boys 是第三人称，要用 will 表示将来。)与此相反，有些动词则不受主语的人称和单数、复数的影响，此是就叫非限定动词。非限定动词主要出现在各类非谓语动词中，因为它们都是非谓语动词，所以一般不受主语的限制。

2、规则动词和不规则动词

上面说了，动词有各种变化形式。英语动词的变化，有些是有规则的，就叫规则动词；如果没有规律，就叫不规则动词。规则与不规则动词主要出现在动词的时态中。

例如，在一般现在时中，I, you, we 和复数名词形式时谓语动词不需要进行变化；如果是单数第三人称，动词的变化则有以下的规则：

一般情况下，直接在动词后加 s，此时就叫“规则动词”。例如：

He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。(like 变成了 likes)It looks like a cat.它看起来像只猫。(look变成了looks)其它如：help(帮助)-helps ；come(来)teaches ；wash(洗)goes;kiss（吻）-kisses ；fix（安装）-fixes 但是有少数动词，它们的变化是没有规律的，此时就称它们为“ 不规则动词”，例如：

have(有)am / is / are 等。

在动词的过去式、过去分词的变化中，同样存在着规则变化与不规则变化。

例如：过去式 规则变化：

work(原形)worked(过去分词)；play(原形)played(过去分词)不规则变化：

sing(原形)sang(过去式)sung(过去分词)；grow(原形)grew(过去式)grown(过去分词)

3、系动词、情态动词、感官动词等

系动词：它们一般是表示事物某种状态(或缓慢变化)的动词，如：be, keep, get, remain 等等。

情态动词：是表示“能、可以、必须”等的词，如：can, may, must 等。感官动词：专门表示人的感官动作的动词，如：feel, smell, sound, taste 等等

第二篇：英语原因动词

英语原因动词

1.A account for B前因后果

This might account for his pessimistic views.这大概是他持消极观点的原因。

It was carelessness on the part of the young worker that accounted for the breakdown of the machine.机器损坏是由于那个青工粗心大意造成的。

Her convincing analysis accounted for his seeing the point and acknowledging the corn.她的分析令人信服，使得他对问题有了认识并承认了错误。

His arthritis began to act up again, which accounted for his absence from school.他的关节炎有开始发作了，这是他未去学校的原因。

2.B arise from A前果后因

His illness arose partly from want of food.他的病有几分是因为缺乏食物所致。

It arises from the fact that the two sides cut each other’s throats in their business competition.这是双方在商业竞争中相互拆台所致。

Quarrels often rise from trifles.争吵常由小事引起。

The girl’s suicide rose from those rumors about her.姑娘的自杀起因于有关她的的种种谣言。

3.Sb.ascribe B to A前果后因

They ascribed the forest fire to carelessness.这次森林大火是由粗心造成的。

The champion ascribed his success to many years of hard work.这位优胜者把他的成功归因于多年的艰苦奋斗。

The old man ascribes his health to his constant exercise and change of air.这位老人把他的健康归因于坚持不懈的锻炼和呼吸新鲜空气。

4.Sb.Attribute B to A前果后因

Sometimes they attribute their students’ poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence.有时候，他们把学生的理解力差归因于智力低下。

The old man attributes his good health to careful living.这位老人把自己的健康归因于擅于保养。

His success can be attributed to several factors.他的成功可以归因于几个因素。

The driver attributed the car accident to faulty brakes.司机认为，造成这一车祸的原因是刹车不灵。

5.A cause B前因后果

Don’t you think what he said will cause much confusion?

难道你不认为他所说的会引起很大的混乱吗？

All her unhappiness was caused by her beauty and wealth.她的所有不幸都是由她的美貌和财富引起的。

The mistake was caused by carelessness on his part.这一错误是由于他的粗心造成的。

A sudden shout caused him to jump back.一声突如其来的喊叫吓了他一跳。

Heating a steel bar will cause it to expand.加热钢条会使它膨胀。

6.B come from A前果后因

That’s what comes from disobeying the instructions.那就是不服从命令的后果。

Poverty often comes of idleness.贫困往往产生于懒惰。

Nothing will come out of the plan.It is but a castle in the air.这计划不会有什么结果，它只不过是空中楼阁。

7.B ensue from A 前果后因

The floods ensued from heavy rains.出现洪涝是因为下了大雨。

There was a dead silence in the room which ensued from a dreadful cry outside the house.由于屋外传来可怕的叫喊声，房间里出现了死一般的沉寂。

My bronchitis [brɔŋ'kaitis] ensued from the cold I caught last week.我这支气管炎是由于上周患感冒引起的。

8.impute B to A 前果后因

His parents impute his failure to laziness.他父母把他的失败归咎于他的懒惰。

The worker on duty imputed the accident to his own oversight.值班工人把事故归因于自己的疏忽。

I impute his failure to his careless habits.我把他的失败归因于他那粗心大意的习惯。

The fore brigade imputed the conflagration [,kɔnflə'ɡreiʃən] to lack of safety measures and devices.消防队把这场大火归因于缺乏安全措施和设施。

9.B issue from A前果后因

The secretary’s difficulties in work issue from her lack of specialized knowledge.该秘书工作上的困难是因为缺乏专业知识造成的。

The quarrel and fight issued from the woman’s high words.这场争吵和打斗是由于那女人怒气冲冲的话引起的。

Their suggestions on human rights issue from democratic ideas.他们有关人权的种种建议产生于民主的思想。

10.A lead B 或A lead sb./sth.into(to do)B或A lead to B

Her careless spending led her into debt.随便乱花钱使她负上了债。

Relying only on his own experience led him into error.只凭经验办事使他犯了错。

The candidate’s integrity and ability led most of the voters to support him.该候选人的诚实和能力使得多数选举人都投了他的票。

Curiosity led him to observe and study the lives of the wild animals.好奇心促使他对野生动物的生活加以观察和研究。

Too much work and too little rest lead to illness.多劳少逸往往或导致疾病。

The mistake in design has led to disastrous consequences.这个设计上的错误造成了灾难性的后果。

11.B lie in A 前果后因，或A lie behind B

His sadness lies in his failure in the exam.他悲伤的原因是考试没及格。

It is drinking that lies behind the traffic accident.是饮酒造成了这一交通事故。

The need to get rid of certain unpopular ministers lies behind the recent Cabinet changes.需要清除一些不受欢迎的大臣是近期内阁种种变动的原因。

12.B originate from/in A前果后因

The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding.这场争吵是由误解引起的。

Their estrangement originated in a quarrel over money.他们关系上的疏远起因于一次为钱财而发生的争吵。

Coal of all kinds has originated from the decay of plants.各种煤都是由朽烂的植物形成的。

The successful invention originated from some funny ideas.这一成功的发明产生于一些奇怪的想法。

13.refer B to A前果后因

He referred his success to the good teaching he had had.他把自己的成功归因于所获得的良好教育。

The rich man referred his wealth to his own hard work.这位富人将自己的富有归功于勤奋。

She referred her failure to bad luck instead of to lack of ability.她把失败归咎于运气不好而不是缺乏能力。

He referred his obtuseness to his childhood illness.他把自己的愚钝归咎于小时候患过疾病。

14.B result from A前果后因/ A result in B前因后果

The damage resulted from his carelessness.造成损坏的原因是他的粗心大意。

The strike resulted from the unsatisfactory working conditions.这次罢工是因工作条件不如人意而引起的。

He caught a cold, which resulted in bronchitis.他先是患了感冒，后来发展成为支气管炎。

His quick temper resulted in tense relationship between him and his fellow workers.他的急躁脾气导致了他与同事之间关系紧张。

15.A set up B前因后果

Smoking set up irritation in the throat and bronchial passages.抽烟刺激喉咙并会引起气管炎。

Ocean tides are set up by the pull between the earth and moon.海潮是由地球和月亮之间的吸力而引起的。

The wet weather set up the ache in my old wound.潮湿的天气使我的旧伤又痛了起来。

16.A spark B 前因后果

This dispute has sparked a major discussion on pay policy.这场争论引起了对工资政策的广泛讨论。

The move sparked violent anti-U.S.demonstrations in Iran.这样行动在伊朗引发了强烈的反美示威游行。

Broader clashes have sparked off an all-round war between the two countries.边界冲突引发了两国间的全面战争。

17.B spring from A前果后因

The idea of compiling the English-Chinese dictionary sprang from our desire to promote the study of English.出于推动英语学习的目的，我们编写了这部英汉词典。

My desire to study art sprang purely from my love of art.我想学习艺术完全是由于我对它独有情钟。

His going abroad sprang from a desire to make money.他出国是想发财。

18.A stand behind B 前因后果

It is the conflict of interests between the masses and the government that stands behind the great political revolution.正是民众和政府间的利害冲突导致了这场政治大革命。

Nobody could tell the reason standing behind the successful young man’s suicide.谁也无法说出这位有成就的年轻人自杀的原因。

They have no idea what stands behind the principal’s resignation.他们不明白为什么校长要辞职。

19.B stem from A前果后因

Errors of this kind usually stem from carelessness.这一类错误通常是由粗心大意引起的。

The present wave of strikes stems from discontent among the lower-paid.最近罢工的浪潮是由低薪阶层的不满引起的。

Class conflicts stems from the exploitation of the poor masses by a rich minority.阶级冲突起源于富人对于大多数贫苦大众的剥削。

第三篇：英语简历常用动词

英语简历中经常用、效果颇佳的动词的一部分（括弧内的名词搭配仅作为例子供参考）： 撰写一本书主持一个委员会

Author(a book)chair(a committee)

协调一个项目创建一个数据库

Coordinate(a program)create(a database)

指导一个中心确立一个客户

Direct(a center)establish(clientele)

发起一个合作公司改革了一种方法

Initiate(a partnership)innovate(an approach)

调查了一个问题保持…纪录

Investigate(a problem)keep(record)

管理一个办事处操作一种机器

Manage(an office)operate(a machine)

组织会议创立一个概念

Organize(a conference)originate(a concept)

调查市场管理一个实验室

Research(the market)run(a lab)

培训新雇员Train(new employees)进行一项研究 conduct(research)开发一种方法 develop(a method)执行一个政策 implement(a policy)建立了一种新的系统 install(a new system)维修一种设备 maintain(a facility)订购设备 order(supplies)提供分析 provide(analysis)测试一个新软件 test(a new software)

第四篇：英语短语动词汇总

英语短语动词汇总

1、Lookafter照顾

2、lookat看着

3、lookfor寻找

4、lookover 检查

5、lookforwardto期待

6、looklike看起来像

7、lookup查阅（后加单词或信息）

8、comein进来

9、comeon赶快、加油

10、comeout出来、出版

11、comealong跟随一起

12、comeover随便来访

13、comedown崩塌、落下

14、comeupwith想出

15、maketea沏茶

16、makefriends交朋友

17、makethebed铺床

18、makeit做成19、makeamistake犯错误

20、makedecision做决定

21、makeup占去、构成22、makefaces做鬼脸

23、makesure确保

24、makeupone’smind决心

25、turnon打开（水龙头、电器）

26、turnoff关上（水龙头、电器）

27、turnup开大

28、turndown关小

29、turnright向右转30、turnleft向左转

31、turnover（使）翻滚、（使）倾覆、32、getup起床

33、getdown记下、使……沮丧

34、getdown上（车、马等）、进展

35、getoff下（车、马等）、出发

36、getback回家、寻回

37、geton/alongwith与……相处

38、giveout分发、送出

39、giveaway捐出40、giveup放弃

41、givein屈服

42、giveaconcert开音乐会

43、givetalk作报告

44、givelesson上课

45、puton穿上

46、putup张贴、举起

47、putaway放好、收拾起来

48、putoff推迟

49、takeoff脱下50、taketurns轮流

51、takeaway拿走

52、takephotos拍照

53、takeone’splace代替某人

54、gofishing去钓鱼

55、gotoameeting去开会

56、gotothemovies去看电影

57、gotoschool去上学

58、gohome回家

59、gobad变坏60、gowrong走错61、goon继续、进展62、goalong/down/up沿着……（上、下）63、goover复习、仔细检查64、haveacold感冒65、haveacough咳嗽66、have/takemedicine吃药67、haveatry尝试一下68、havealook看一看69、havearest休息一下70、haveaseat就座71、havesportmeeting举行运动会72、havesport进行运动73、havesupper/dinner晚餐、晚宴74haveanidea(of……)知道……

第五篇：常见常用英语动词短语

常用英语动词短语大全

一、动词be构成的短语动词

1．be known as／be famous as作为„„而闻名

be known for因„„而出名 be known to为„„所知 be known by凭„„而知 The hill is known for the temple． LuXun is known to us as a writer． One can be known by his words and deeds．

2．be married to与„„结婚

She is married to a musician．

．． 3．be tired of／with对„„厌烦

He is tired of／with this kind of life．

=He is bored with this kind of life． 4．be terrified at被„„吓一跳

He is terrified at the snake．

12．be engaged to与„„订婚

5．be burdened with负重

My daughter is engaged to a nice

have

20．be up to应由„„，轮到„„ It's up to her to answer the question． 21．be meant／intended for打算给，打算用作

Is this valuable painting meant for me? 22．be connected with与„„有联系 He was also connected with the government．

23．be crazy about对„„狂热 Many young people are crazy about Hip-Hop．

二、动词break构成的短语动词 1．break out爆发 2．break in打断；闯入 3.break into闯入；破门而入 4．break away from脱离

5．break down(机器，车辆)坏了；失败了；摧毁；分解，人身体跨了 6．break through突破 7．break off折断；中断；断绝 8．break up驱散，拆散,分手

三、动词carry构成的短语动词 1．carry on进行开展；维持；继续 2．carry out执行；进行，执行，实行；贯彻

3．carry away拿走 4．carry off夺走，抢走 5.carry forward

发扬, 结转

5．call up打电话；征召；回想起

I called Tom up and told him the news．

In most countries men are called up at the age of 18．

As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called up scenes of my childhood．

五、动词catch，hold构成的短语动词

6.carry through

帮（某人）渡过难

1．catch／take／get hold of sth．抓住某关； 使（某人）保持勇气

物

7.carry about 随身携带

Catch／Get／Take hold of the

四、动词call构成的短语动词

rope．and I'll pull you up．

1．call on拜访某人，号召

2．catch up with赶上

2．call at拜访某地

Work hard and I gin sure you are able 3．call for需要；要求；邀约(人)；取(物)

to catch up with others in class．

Success called for hard work．

3．catch fire着火；烧着

call for a doctor去请医生

Last night a big building caught fire．

4.call in 请来;收回

4．catch sight of发现；看到

Mother is badly i11．so call in a doctor at once．

Come along!It’s nearly eight o'clock． 3．come out出来；出版

How did the printing come out? 4．come true实现

I am sure your dream will come true one day．

5．come back to life苏醒过来

When the wounded soldier came back to life，he found himself in hospital．

6．come to the point说到要点，触及问题实质

7．come about发生，造成 The event came about as he had predicted it． 8．come across碰见

You’re the most beautiful woman I've ever come across．

同义词组：run across

I came across an old friend in the street． 9．come to all end结束

Your duties here have come to an end． 10．come to light为人所知，显露 The robbery didn’t come to light until upstairs?

6．do up系纽扣；梳理

Look，your bottom isn’t done up． do up one’s hair梳理头发 the next day 11．come up with提出，想出

He came up with a new suggestion

七、动词do构成的短语动词 1．do well in在某方面做得好 My cousin is a sailor and he is doing very well in the navy 2．do good to对„„有好处

Doing morning exercises will do good to your health．

3．do harm to对„„有害处 Too much noise does harm to our health．

4．do with处理

What did you do with our goods? 5．do sb．a favour帮某人的忙

Will you do me a favour to carry it

八、动词get构成的短语动词 1．get in touch with同„„取得联系 2．get up起床

He gets up very early every day． 3．get back回来；取回 1 will get back next weekend． 4．get on上车

You shouldn’t get on the bus until it

has stopped completely 5．get over克服；度过

You’ll soon get over these difficulties．6．get off下车

The bus stopped and the passengers

got off．

7．Get together相聚

We should go to a restaurant to get

together．

出去

The news of the disaster soon get about．

16．get across使理解

The teacher tried to explain the problem，but the explanation did not get across to the class．

17．get away离开 was in a meeting and couldn’t get away．

18．get down to(doing)sth．安心做，开始认真干

You must get down to your studies this year．

九、动词give构成的短语动词 1．give up放弃

I persuaded him to give up the foolish plan．

2．give in屈服；投降

He wouldn’t give in to the enemy． 3．give out用完；耗尽 Our food and water will give out soon．

4．get out of从„„出来，摆脱，He got out of debt．

5．give away分发；捐赠；泄露 He gave away most of his fortune to the poor work Please don’t give my secret away． 6．give off放出

This engine gives off lots of smoke and steam 7．give back归还；恢复

Don’t let the good chance go by． 3．go out(灯、火)熄灭

When they arrived，the fire had gone out．

4．go on(doing)继续做某事 Please go on with your work． 5．go on to do sth．接着做另外的事 He went on to watch TV after he had finished his home一 6．go over检查；复习

When I came into the teacher's room，our teacher is going over our Living here has given me back my health．

homework．

7．go through完成；通过；经历；仔细

十、动词go构成的短语动词

检察

1．go ahead继续；干吧

During the night the computers go He went ahead with the work and got it done．

She went through one hardship after 一May I use your phone?

---Certainly．Go ahead． 2．go by(时间)过去；经过(地点)

The poor boy often has to go without supper．

16．go beyond超过

That’s going beyond a joke． 17．go up上升，上涨

The goods have gone up in quality． 18．go down下降，降沉，下沉

The moon has gone down．

十一、动词have构成的短语动词 1．have a word with sb．和某人说句话 Could you spare a few minutes? I want to have a word with.2．have words with争吵

They’ve had words with her about money．

3．have(deep)effects on对„„有(深远)影响

The book has great effects on his life． 4．have difficulty in／find difficulty in／have trouble(in)doing… 做„„有困难 We have／find difficulty in writing the composition．

We have trouble in writing the composition.十二、动词keep构成的短语动词 1．keep on doing sth．继续或反复做某事

Marx kept on studying English and using it when he lived in London． 2．keep up坚持；保持；

Keep up your courage and you will succeed．

3．keep up with跟上

She can’t keep up with others． 4．keep back保留；阻止；隐瞒；拒留

She was in deep sorrow。but she kept back her tears． 5．keep away from远离

Keep children away from the fire． 6．keep … out of使„„不进入

In ancient times, the Great Wall was built in order to keep the enemy out of

歉

He apologized／made an apology to her．

3．be made up of组成

Two thirds of the earth’s surface is made up of vast oceans．

4．make up组成；化妆；补充；弥补；编造；捏造

5．Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the United Kingdom． It took her more than one hour to make up for the party Our losses have to be made up with more loans．

The whole story is made up.5．make room for给„„腾地方 Would you like to make room for the old lady? 6．make up one’s mind下决心 I have made up my mind to work harder than before．

7．make up for弥补

We must make up for the time wasted before．

8．make use of利用

We should make full use of the books in the library

9．make one’s way排除困难前进 After the film ended we made our way out of the cinema． 10．make progress进步

With the teacher's help，I have made much progress． 11．make repairs修理

They are making repairs in that building

12．make a promise许诺言

Father made a promise to buy me a new computer 13．make a living谋生

He began to make a living by himself when he was ten．

Can you put me through to this number?

9．put forward提出建议，拨快(钟等)The doctor put forward a good suggestion．

十七、动词take构成的短语动词 1．take up占用(时间;空间)；从事 The piano takes up too much space in the room 2．take„out拿出去

We don’t allow taking books out of the reading room 3．take sides站在„„一边

Switzerland didn’t take sides in the First World War． 4．take place发生

The strike took place just before liberation．

5．take the place of代替

Now cotton can be taken the place of by many other materials．

6．take one’s place就座；代替某人职位 They took their places before the meeting began． 7．take it easy别着急

Take it easy．and you are not badly i11．

8．take off脱掉；起飞；成功 The plane takes off at eight．

They not just made progress but took off．

9．take part in参加

Martin Luther King took a leading part in the great march 10．take pride in以„„而自豪

He took pride in being a student in Beijing University．

11．take away(from)拿走；使停留，使离开

The child was taken away from school，not allowed to at． 12．take in欺骗，摄取

take on雇用，接受(工作)，呈现(品质、面貌)

take over接管

The pretty girl took in my feeling． You’d better take in some fruits． Yon have taken on too much The frogs can take on the colours of its background

32．help oneself to sth．尽管请便；请随便吃

As you like fish，help yourself to it． 3．hand in交上来

You have to hand in your compositions before weekend． 4．hand out分发

Would you like to help me to hand out the books to your classmates? 5．1ead to sth．／doing sth．导致

Hard work can lead to Success． 6．1ead a．．．1ife过„„的生活

Einstein led a simple life in America． 7．die of死于„„(内因)

die from死于„„(外因)

The old man died of old age．

Many old people died from air pollution in winter． 8．die out灭绝

This kind of bird is dying out．

二十、动词tell, talk, speak，hear，ask，answer构成的短语动词

1．talk to／with sb．和某人谈话

The woman I talked to just now is in charge of the office．

2．speak of／speak about大胆讲话；大声说出来

He dared to speak about his opinion at the meeting． 3．hear of听说

I don’t know him．but I have heard of him．

hear from接到某人的书信

I haven’t heard from him for nearly a year．

4．ask for要；请求

He often asks his parents for money． 5．ask sb．to do sth．要某人做某事

ask sb．for sth．向某人要某物 6．answer for对„„负责 You will have to answer for your behaviour one day

53．show sb．around领某人参观 We were showed around the new factory by the chief engineer． 4．point out指出

If I have done anything wrong，please point it out 5．point at指指点点

In part of Asia you must not sit with feet pointing at another person.6．agree to do sth．同意做某事

He agreed to help me with my English．

7．agree with同意某人的意见；适合于

He agreed with me at last．

The climate here doesn’t agree with me．

8．agree on意见一致

The building of a new factory was agreed on last month． 9．pay for付钱

I paid 100 yuan for that shirt．

10．pay off还清债务

It took the couple ten years of hard work to pay off the debts． 11．pay back把钱还回给某人

I can lend the money to you on condition that you must pay it back in two days．

二十三、动词try，wait构成的短语动词 1．try on试穿

He is trying on a new suit． 2．try out试用

Any TV set must be tried out before it leaves the factory．

3．try one’s best to do尽力去做„„ We all try our best to help others． 4．wait for等待

Hurry up!They must be waiting for us．

5．wait on服侍；伺候

Mrs．Smith waited on her husband from morning till night

The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out．

14．struggle against与„„作斗争

We are struggling against pollution．、15．quarrel with sb．about sth．为„„争吵

She often quarrels with her husband about housework．

16．devote„to sth．／sb．献身于；致力于

After he graduated from university，he devoted himself to the teaching work in the countryside．

What does“U．S．”stand for7

stand by支持

No matter what happens．I’11 stand by you．

stand by = support／take part with／take the side of／be in favour(support)of 20．begin at／start with／begin with以„„开始

Today we shall begin at page 40．

Autumn begins／starts with August．

to begin with首先

21．end up最后落得„„的结局／下场

end(up)with以„„结束 22．act on照„„行事

．

17．used to do sth．过去常常

He acts on principles．

There used to be a brook in front of

23．answer for／be responsible formy house when 1 was a little child．

对„„负责

18．settle down定居

You will answer for what you said．

After years of traveling, Mr．Li

You will be responsible for what you decided to settle down．

said．

19．stand for代表

9使用

He shared her toys with others． 32．base„on根据

He based the conclusion on experiments．

33．congratulate„on／upon祝贺

We congratulated her on winning the contest．

34．consist of／be made up of由„„组成

The United Kingdom consists of／is made up of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．

35．clear up放晴；收拾；整理；澄清；解决

The weather cleared up after the thunderstorm．

Let me clear up the things on the tables．

I'd like to clear up two or three points．

副词up与某些动词连用，表示“完全„‘彻底”或“动作难度等的增加”

We’ve eaten everything up．‘

He tore up the letter after reading it．

36．up和动词组成的其它短语还有：

look up查找tie up绑好fasten up固定好8peak up大声说blow up吹起来save up储存add up加起来tidy up收拾干净break up打碎speed up加速lock up锁好bring up抚养set up成立 37．cure„of治愈；痊愈

The medicine cured him of his headache．

38．treat„for治疗；医治

The doctor treated me for my broken leg．

treat„to„以„„款待

I’11 treat you to dinner．

treat„as把„„当作„„

The teacher treated us as her friends．

get out of the habit of改掉„„的习惯

He is in the habit of getting up early．

He got out of the habit of smoking． 53．present„with赠送

He presented her with a gold watch．

54．1ive on靠„„生活，以„„为主食

Sheep live on grass．

1ive through活动，经历过

He has lived through two wars and two revolutions．

1ive up to不辜负

We shouldn’t live up to my parents’ will．

1ive with忍受，容忍

I don’t like the noise．but I have to live with it．

55．mix．．．with同„„混合 Oil and water can’t mix with each

other．

56．wipe out消灭

The enemy troops have been wiped out．

57．result in导致

result from由„„引起

Overeating results in／causes／leads to／brings about his illness．

His illness results from overeating． 58．Rob…of．．．抢走

The pain robbed him of sleep．

remind„of„使(某人)想起一„·

This reminds me of what we did together during our holidays．

warn„of以．．警告(某人)„„

He was warned of the danger．

inform„of．．．通知(某人)„„

Have you informed them of your departure?

59．watch out for提防

同义词组：look out for

371．be aware of知道，意识到

He was not aware of her presence till she spoke to him． 72．become of发生

They wondered what had become of him．

73．beg for乞求

He came over and begged for a light 74．benefit from得益于

I benefited from my father’s advice 75．be buried in埋头于

He was buried in a book99．object to反对

Do you object to such simple pleasures? 76．centre．．．on集中„„于 She centred her attention on the problem．

77．charge„for索价

’ charge„with控告

We don’t charge anything for that．

97．be lost in埋头于，迷失在„„中 We were lost in the forest 98．take notice of注意

Don’t take any notice of what he says． 99．object to反对

Do you object to such simple pleasures? 100．be occupied with／in忙于，从事于 He was occupied in writing letters． 101．occur to被想到

That view of the case did not occur to me before 102．operate on为„„动手术 You can’t get a private doctor to operate on him． 103．pass away去世 He passed away at eighty． pass by经过，流逝，忽视

He had a feeling that his friends were passing him by pass on传递，传给，去世

The news was passed on by word of mouth

104．reach for伸手去拿

Sam reached for his gun．

reach out伸出

David reached out and took down a small leather-bound book． 105．react to反应，反对

How did he react to the news? 106．remember„to代向„„问好

Remember me to your family!107．rise up起立，起议

The people finally rose up and dethroned(废黜)the unpopular monarch．

108．round up把„„聚拢

Round up the rest of the flowers． 109．seek after／for追求，征求，寻求

What did you seek for? 110．serve as担任，充当

Tom served for twelve years as a