高考英语动词总结

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第一篇:高考英语动词总结

一. 动词的分类

动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。

(一)行为动词

行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。如:help(vt), see(vt),go(vi),fly(vi)Eg: She has some bananas.They often come back early.I’m reading an English book now.I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有

行为动词(即实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词(vt)和不及物动词(vi)。及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整。

Eg: Give me some apple, please.(请给我一些墨水。)

不及物动词后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。Eg: He works hard.(他工作努力。)

Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。)

(二)连系动词

连系动词是表示主语―是什么‖或―怎么样‖的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,Eg:

We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是 连系动词可具体分为三类:

1、表示―是‖的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。Eg: He is a teacher.(他是个教师。)

He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。)We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。)

2、表示―感觉‖的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,Eg: She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。)I feel ill.They look the same.Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)

The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)

3、表示―变‖、―变成‖的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为―变‖、―变得‖,Eg: She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。)

He feels sick.His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。)

[难点解释] 注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。

1、look看;看起来

He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词 It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词

2、fell摸;感觉

I felt someone touch my arm.(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词

Are you felling better today than before?(你今天比以前感到好些了吗?)连系动词

3、smell嗅;闻起来

My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.(我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词

Great!The flowers smell nice.(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连系动词

4、sound弄响,发音;听起来

The letter ―h‖ in hour is not sounded.(在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。)行为动词 The gun sounded much closer.(枪声听起来更近了。)连系动词

5、taste辨味;尝起来

Please taste the soup.(请尝一口汤。)行为动词 The soup tastes terrible.(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词

6、get得到,获得;变

There are some bananas on the table.Each of you can get one.(桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词

7、grow生长,种植;变

Do you grow rice in your country?(你们的国家种水稻吗?)行为动词 It’s too late.It’s growing dark.(太迟了,天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词

8、turn转动,翻动,使变得;变

The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词

When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.(春天来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。)连系动词

上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等,既可以作连系动词,又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。

Eg: The trees turn/are green when spring comes.(春天来临,树叶变绿。)

The earth rurns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)

(三)助动词

这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示句子的否定和疑问、时态、语态和语气。[be, have ,do/does/did, will,shall ] Eg: He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。)(否定)A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)(时态)Do you have a brother?(疑问)Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)

(四)情态动词

这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如―可能‖、―应当‖等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might,will,shall等。Eg: I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会

He can’t walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)

She can speak a little English.(她会说一点英语)

We must go now.二. 动词的基本形式(动词原形,动词的三单形式, 动词的现在分词, 动词的过去式,过去分词,)

(一)第三人称单数形式

1.在动词原形后加—s 如:run—runs

like—likes 2.以[s][ ] [ ]音素结尾或以字母O结尾的动词,加—es 如:teach—teaches wash—washes, go—goes ,pass—passes 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-es 如:try—tries study—studies 4.以元音字母+y结尾的动词后加—s 如:stay—stays

play—plays(二)动词的现在分词

1.在动词原形的后面加—ing

如:read—reading, go—going, ask—asking, look—looking 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e 再加-ing 如:write—writing,have—having, make—making, take—taking 3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写字母后再加-ing如:get—getting, sit—sitting, put—putting, run—running, begin—beginning, swim—swimming dig—digging(三)动词的过去式与过去分词 规则变化

1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。live→lived use→used taste-tasted hope→hoped

3.以―辅音字母+ y‖结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。study→studied try→tried fly→flied carry→carried worry→worried

4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母,再加 –ed。stop→stopped plan→planned stop-stopped 不规则变化

1.A—A—A行,动词原形、过去式和过去分词字形与读音完全相同

cut(切)hit(打)cast(扔)hurt(伤害)put(放)let(让)shut(关)cost(花费)set(放)rid(清除)

2.A—B—A型,动词原形,过去分词字形和读音完全相同。Become/became/become(变得,成为)

come/came/come(来、到)overcome/overcame/overcome(克服)

run/ran/run(跑步)3.A—B—B型,动词的过去式、过去分词的字形与读音完全相同。Bend/bent/bent(弯曲、专心于、屈服)build/built/built(建筑、建造)Bleed/bled/bled(流血)

lend/lent/lent(借出)Breed/bred/bred(繁殖,教养)

lose/lost/lost(丢失)Bring/brought/brought(带来)

make/made/made(制作、制造)Meet/met/met(遇到、会见)

pay/paid/paid(付钱)4.A—B—B或A—A-ed—A-ed型:动词的过去式、过去分词大多完全相同同时每一个动词原形分别有两种形式的过去式和过去分词

burn/burnt/burnt(烧)

burn/burned/burned dream/dreamt/dreamt(做梦)

dream/dreamed/dreamed knit/knit/knit(编织)

knit/knitted/knitted dwell/dwelt/dwelt(居住)

dwell/dwelled/dwelled lean/leant/leant(倚靠、倾斜)lean/leaned/leaned learn/learnt/learnt(学习,了解)

learn/learned/learned 5.A—B—C:动词的原形,过去式和过去分词三者完全不同 am/is/are——was/were——been

see——saw——seen grow——grew——grown

第二篇:高考英语易错动词总结

高考英语易错动词总结、适合高中生学习、复习及备考,请同学们转载收藏。同时奇速英语提醒大家好的资料请与同学共享!

第一组:

spend/ take /cost

①spend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。” 例句:

1)The boy spends a lot of money.(in)playing computer games.(那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)

2)She spent lots of money on books last year.(去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)②take前常以it作形式主语,作“做某事需要花多少时间。” It takes +(人)+时间+ to do sth.1)How long does it take you to finish the work?(你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?)

2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.(我花了一个小时修理自行车。)

3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.(说真话需要很大的勇气。)

③cost的主语通常是事物,即指 ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱 1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.(这块手表花了我200块钱。)2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.(写本小说要花很多时间。)

3)The girl's bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.(那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。)注意:cost的过去式,过去分词都是cost。

第二组:

speak/say/tell/talk

①speak说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词。

1)The students speak English very fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。)2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.(首相就国际形势发表了演说。)

3)She always speaks ill of others.(她总是说别人的坏话。)②speak的习惯用语:

Generally speaking 一般而言 Frankly speaking 坦白地说 Strictly speaking 严格地说

not to speak of 且不说;更不用说

1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.(一般而言,男人比女人强壮。)

2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。)

③ ①tell说谎;讲故事;说实话 1)Don't tell a lie.(不要说谎。)

2)She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。)

3)We should always tell the truth.(我们应该永远说实话。)

③ ②tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句 1)Sometimes we can't tell right from wrong.(有时我们无法辨别是非。)④talk连续地说话;习惯用法

1)What are the girls talking about ?(那些女孩们讲什么?)2)Young people like to talk politics.(年青人喜欢谈论政治。)3)I talked over the matter with her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。)

④say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句,(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”,习惯用法

1)She said ,“I love you.”(她说:“我爱你。”)2)Say goodbye to them.(跟他们说再见。)3)She says she is busy.(她说她很忙。)

4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.(我的表是十点整。)

5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。

6)It is said that she has been away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了)7)It goes without saying that education is important.(不用说,教育是重要的。)

8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.(Tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。)

第三组:

take /bring/carry/fetch

①take作“带去”“拿去”解;从近处把东西送到远处 例句: 1)She'll take her children to the park.(她要带孩子去公园。)

2)It's raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you.(下雨了;你最好把雨伞带上。)

②bring“拿来;带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外 1)Bring the dictionary to me.(把字典拿给我。)

2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.(明天你来的时候,请把你的报告带来。)③carry作“携带,带去;搬运”解

1)She always carries a red handbag.(她总是带一个红色手包。)2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.(请把这台电视搬到楼上去。)④fetch作“去…取来,拿来;叫某人来”解

1)The football is over there.Fetch it please.(足球在那边呢,请把它拿回来。)2)Fetch the police at once.We've found the robber.(马上去叫警察来,我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。)

第四组:

wear/put on/ dress

①wear穿着,戴;留,表示“状态”是及物动词需加宾语 例句:

1)She always wears a pair of glasses.(她总是戴着一副眼镜。)

2)He wears a black jacket today.(今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。)②put on穿上,戴上,表示“动作” 例句:

1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.(老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。)

2)Put on the gloves.It's cold outside.(戴上手套外面很凉。)③dress作“穿着…的衣服”解;给某人穿衣服不用写衣服 例句:

1)She is dressed in red.(她穿着红衣服。)

2)The mother dresses the child every day.(那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。)此句不能加衣服。

3)She dresses herself in red.(此句等于第一个例句。)

第五组:

do /make

①do“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”,如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词,如do wrong(犯错)。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有: ①do one's ②do(the)some ③do sb.a favor帮人忙

④do with利用;忍受;需要 ⑤do away with废除

⑥do without用不着;不需要 ⑦have ⑧do sb.⑨do nothing but do除了做…以外什么也没做 ⑩do business做生意 例句:

1)I'll do the dishes today.(今天我来洗盘子。)2)I've done my homework.(我已经做完了作业。)3)Crying does harm to you.(哭对你没有益处。)4)Will you do me a favor?(能否帮我一个忙?)

5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business.(我们做生意没有电话是不行的。)

6)The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class.(新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。)

7)I did nothing but watch TV last night.(昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。)

8)Who does your hair?(平常是谁给你做头发的?)

②make“作”,表示“制造”,其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes 制做衣服;make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有:

①make a ②make an ③make ④make 例句:

1)They have make great progress in learning English.(在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。)

2)Who is going to make a speech today?(今天谁来演说?)3)Don't make a noise.嘘!(不要出声。)

4)She makes her living as a teacher.(她作教师来维持生计。)

第六组:

lie/lay/lie

1)lie不及物动词,躺;位于

lie—lay—lain—lying 例句:①Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方。)②She has lain in bed for three days.(她已经在床上躺了三天了。)2)lay及物动词,放置;下蛋

lay—laid—laid—laying 例句:①These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。)②He laid his hand on my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上。)③lie不及物动词,说谎

lie—lied—lied—lying 例句:①Don’t lie to me.(别骗我。)②She lies about her career.(她编造她的经历。)

第七组:

hear/listen to

①hear听;是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息 例句:The deaf cannot hear.(聋子听不见。)②listen是一种“有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to;如没有宾语,listen后不可加to。

例句:①Listen, somebody is crying.(听,有人在哭。)②I listened but heard nothing.(我注意听了,但没听见什么。)③Listen to me.(听我说。)

第八组: sit/set/seat

①sit不及物动;坐;就座;

sit—sat—sat—sitting 例句:①He sat at the table writing a letter.(他坐在书桌旁写信。)②Sit here until she comes back.(坐在这里等她回来。)③set安置;下沉;点燃;出考题;定时;树立(榜样)set—set—set—setting 例句:①Tom, set the table for dinner.(Tom,摆好桌子准备吃饭。)②He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.(他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。)③My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我们老师试题出得非常难。)④The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(太阳从东方升起从西方落下。)③seat使坐;容纳

seat—seated—seated—seating 例句:①)The theater can seat at least 2000 people.(这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。)②Please be seated.(请坐下。)此句等于Sit down please.③He seated himself next to her.(他坐在她的旁边。)

第九组:

rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse

1)rise(太阳、月亮)升起,起来;(物价)上涨;(水)高涨 rise—rose—risen—rising 例句:①Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.(每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。)②Prices have risen quickly.(物价快速上涨了。)③She rose to her feet.(她站了起来。)2)raise举起;养育;募款

raise—raised—raised—raising 例句:①Raise your hand please.(请你把手举起来。)②The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm.(这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。)③They are raising founds for the expedition.(他们正在筹募探险的基金。)④arise(问题、困难)发生、产生、出现;起(风、雾)arise—arose—arisen—arising 例句:①A strong wind arose this morning.(今天早上刮起强风。)②A different problem has arisen.(不同的问题发生了。)③A mist arose from the lake.(湖上起雾了。)④arouse通常表示比喻或情绪方面的“激发” arouse─aroused─aroused─arousing 例句:①The book aroused my interest in learning English.(这本书引起我对学习英语感兴趣。)②The speaker aroused the anger of the audience.(演讲者激起了听众的怒气。)③rouse通常表示比较具体的“叫醒”或“唤醒” rouse─roused─roused─rousing 例句:①The sound roused him from reflection.(声音使他从深思中惊醒。)②The lies he heard about his friend roused his anger.(听到有人对他朋友造谣,使他怒火中烧。)

第十组:

lend/借出borrow

1)lend+人+物=lend+物+to+人

例如:①Please lend me your dictionary.=Please lend your dictionary to me.(请把你的字典借给我。)②I will lend you $200, but I can’t lend money to him.(我借给你200美元,但我不能借钱给他。)borrow借入

borrow+物+from+人

①She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library.(她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。)②He often borrows money from me.(他经常从我这儿借钱。)

第十一组:

fall/feel/fell/fail/

fall─fell─fallen落下;跌倒 fall asleep睡着/fall behind落后

例句:①An apple fell to the ground.(一个苹果落在地上。)②Be careful on the ice or you will fall.(在冰上要小心,否则你会跌倒。)feel─felt─felt feel like+doing sth.想要; feel sleepy.想睡

例句:①Can you feel your heart beat violently?(你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗?)②Both my legs didn’t feel.(我的双腿没有感觉。)③I suddenly felt a pain in my back.(我突然感到背部疼痛。)④Do you feel like taking a walk?(你想不想去散步?)fell─felled─felled砍伐

例句:A lot of trees were felled last night.(昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。)fail─failed─failed失败

例句:He has failed in English exam again.(他英语考试又没及格。)

第十二组:

win/beat

win─won─won win a prize得到奖品win a war打了胜仗

win a game赢得比赛win an election选举获胜

例句:①Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.(昨晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。)②Who do you think will win the beauty contest?(你认为那场选美谁会获胜?)③beat─beat─beaten beat是打败了对手

例句:①He beat me in the race.(他在赛跑中赢了我。)②We have beaten their team for 3 years.(我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。)③My heart beat fast at the sight of her.(一看见她,我的心跳就加快。)

第十三组: cure/recover/restore/heal

1)cure——cured——cured 治疗(疾病)

物+cure+人+of+病=人+be cured of+病

例句:①This medicine will cure your headache.(这种药会治好你的头痛病。)②The doctor cured her of a cold.(医生医好了她的感冒。)③She was cured of her disease.(她的痛被治好了。)2)recover——recovered——recovered 恢复(健康);痊愈;复元与from连用 例句:①After a few days' rest, she has recovered her health.(休息几天后,她已恢复健康。)

②They haven't recovered from the shock yet.(他们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。)

3)restore——restored——restored 使…恢复健康;修复;重建

例句:①The doctor restored the girl to health.(医生恢复了那个女孩的健康。)

=The girl was restored to health.②The workers have already restored the ruined temple.(工人们已修复了这座毁坏的寺庙。)

4)heal——healed——healed 主要指伤口的治愈;消除;平息。

例句:①His wound is not yet healed.(他的伤口尚未痊愈。)②Time heals all broken hearts.(时间可以消除一切忧伤。)

第十四组:

reach/arrive/get to

1)reach——reached——reached 及物动词到达,不加to等分词。

例句:They will reach Shanghai tonight.(今晚他们将抵达上海。)

2)arrive——arrived——arrived 不及物动词到达,加介词in(大地方)at小地方。

例句:①I'll phone you when I arrive in New York.(我到纽约后会给你电话。)②What time will they arrive at the airport?(他们什么时候会到达机场?)

3)get——got——gotten(got)不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达,但接地点副词时不加to。本空间名为腾讯认证(蔡章兵主编QQ757722345)空间,本空间每天都有5篇左右资源更新,你只须点击空间顶部“关注”并设置为特别关心,就会收到每天更新的信息,欢迎加微信czbqsyy收听更多信息。

例句:①What time does the train get to Beijing?(火车什么时间到达北京?)②When I set to Japan, I'll write to you.(我到了日本就给你写信。)③They got home safely.(他们平安到家。)注①:此处home是副词不能加to。

注②:“到达”reach=arrive at(in)=get to 到达上海 到达家/这里/那里

第十五组:

hang/hang

1)hang——hanged——hanged 及物动词吊死;处(人)绞刑;上吊。

例句:①He hanged himself last week.(上星期他上吊自杀了。)②The man was hanged for murder.(那个男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。)hang——hung——hung 及物动词把…挂上;把…吊起。

例句:①She hung curtains over the windows.(她把窗帘挂上窗上。)②A picture is hung on the wall.(墙上挂着一幅画。)

第十六组:

affect/effect

1)affect——affected——affected 及物动词对…影响,感动(人的)心,使感动

例句:①The noise from the street affected our study.(马路上的噪音影响我们学习。)②Her story affected us deeply.(她的故事深深地打动我们的心。)

2)effect——effected——effected 及物动词使产生;实现…(目的),造成…(结果)effect很少作动词用,通常只跟change连用。例句①It will effect, no change of importance.(不会引起重大的变化。)

第十七组: thank/appreciate

1)thank——thanked——thanked 感谢,后接人

例句:①You don't have to thank me.(你不必向我道谢。)②She thanked me for my help.(她感谢我帮忙。)③appreciate——appreciated——appreciated 感激;欣赏,后接事或物

例句:①I greatly appreciate your help.(我很感激你的帮助。)②She doesn't appreciate good English poetry.(她不会欣赏好的英语诗歌。)

第十八组:

choose/select/elect/pick out

1)choose——chose——chosen 挑选;选拔;选择,指凭自己的判断力在人或物中进行挑选,而不强调精选。例句:①I'd like to choose a new tie for me.(我想给自己挑一条新领带。)

②I want to choose her a nice present.(我想要挑选一份精美的礼物送给她。)③The football players chose him as their team leader.(足球队员们选他当队长。)

2)select精选;挑选;选定,强调慎重考虑后的选择。

例句:①The farmer taught us how to select seeds.(这位农民教我们如何选种。)

②She was selected from among many applicants.(她是从许多报名者中选拔出来的。)

③Have you read selected works of Lu Xun?(你读过《鲁迅选集》吗?)3)elect选举;推选

例句:①We elected her monitor.(我们推选她为班长。)②We elected him mayor.(我们选他为市长。)③pick out 认出;挑出;挑选;多用口语

例句:①I picked out an old friend in a crowd.(我从人群中认出了一位老朋友。)

②She picked out the shoes that match the dress.(她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。)

第十九组:

join/join in/take part in/attend

1)join及物动词加入(团体,组织,参军)、同……一起干或玩、连接

例句:①I joined the Party in 1975.(我1975年入党。)

②His brother joined the army two years ago.(两年前他哥哥参军。)

③They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.(他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。)2)join in 参加(某些活动)

例句:①May I join in your discussion?(我可以参加你们的讨论吗?)

②Many people join in the game every year.(每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。)③He joined in the work without a second thought.(他未加思索地参加了那项工作。)

3)take part in 参加(群众性活动,会议等)参加者持积极态度,起一份作用。例句:①A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday.(昨天许多学生参加大扫除。)

②A lot of college students took part in the movement last year.(去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。)4)attend 出席,参加,到场;上学

例句:①Did you attend the meeting last week?(上星期你出席会议了吗?)

②He was ill so he didn't attend his classes.(他生病了,所以没上学。)注意:attend的词语搭配 attend a ceremony 参加典礼 attend a funeral 参加葬礼 attend a lecture 听演讲 attend a concert 听音乐会 attend church 上教堂

第二十组: beat/hit/strike

1)beat——beat——beaten(连续地)打;击败;(心)跳动 例句:①My heart is beating fast.(我的心跳得很快。)

②They beat us in the match.(在这次比赛中,他们把我们击败了。)③The rain was beating on the windows.(雨点敲打着窗子。)2)hit 打;击中;想出(后接on)

例句:①The football hit him in the eye.(足球打在他的眼睛上了。)②He hit on a good idea.(他想出了一个好主意。)

③He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down.(当他倒下时,头重重地碰到地板上。)

3)strike——struck——struck 打;敲;打动(心);擦(火柴);报时;突然想到,用途较广。例句:①Strike while the iron is hot.(趁热打铁。)

②Don't strike the man with a stick.(不要用棒子打那个男人。)

第三篇:2016江苏高考英语动词短语总结

2017江苏高考备考英语动词短语大全

(1)act短语

act as 担任…职务,起…作用

act for 代理(职务),代为(处理)act out 表演(对话、情节等)

act up 捣乱,出问题(2)believe短语

believe in 确信,信任,信仰,主张 believe one's ears 相信所听到的话 make believe 假装(pretend to do sth.)seeing is believing 眼见为实(3)break短语

break away 摆脱,脱离

break away from … 脱离……,奋力挣脱……、打破

break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃

break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服

break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成

break(sth)off(使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝 break out(战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚 break open 破开,撬开

break short 中断,折断

break out in tears 突然大哭

break the rule(law)违反规定 break one’s promise 失言

break through 突围,冲跨,克服,挤过去

break up vt.分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束(4)blow短语

blow about 吹散

blow away 吹走

blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭 blow out吹灭,走气

blow up,放大(照片),吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气 give sb.a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击

(5)bring短语

bring about 引起,导致,使发生,促使 bring along 把……带来,领来

bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆

bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒

bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落

bring down / up(the price)降价/提价 bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,宣布,提出 bring forward 提出 bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收 bring into action 使行动起来,使生效

bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行 bring into operation 使运转,将...投入 bring into(full)play 发挥,调动,利用 bring sb.into touch with...接触,触摸

bring on 发展,引起,导致,使前进,提出(论点)

bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出

bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走 bring to 使……苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期 bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施…… bring to light 出现,公布,暴露

bring to mind 使想起,回忆起 bring up 抚养,培养,哺育,使停止

(6)build短语

build...into 把...建设成,把...装入 build on / upon 建立在...上,依赖,指望

build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴 build up to 增加(7)以burst为中心的词组

burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现 burst in 闯进,突然出现 burst into 闯进,突然...起来,突然发出 burst into tears / laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑(8)call短语

call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开 call at(sp)访问(某地),拜访(某地),停泊在 call back 回电话

call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人,接走某人,迎,取

call / shout for help 呼救 call in 请来,召集,来访,打电话,引入 call off 取消,下令停止 call on / upon 号召

call on(sb)拜访(某人),访问(某人)call out 大声呼喊,叫喊,唤起 call sb…for short 简称某人…… call sb names 谩骂某人

call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召,召集 call to mind 使想起,回忆起

pay a call at sp.访问(某地)pay a call on sb.拜访(某人)

2(9)catch短语

be caught in the rain 淋雨

catch /take fire 着火 catch on 挂住,明白,理解,受欢迎 catch one’s word 听懂话

catch out 发觉,抓住某人的错处

catch sight of 发现,瞥见(10)carry短语

carry about 随身携带 carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑

carry back 拿回,运回,使想起

carry...into effect /practice 执行,实行,实现,完成 carry off 带走叼走,夺去...的生命,获得(奖品)carry on 坚持,继续,进行

carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成

carry through 坚持到底,进行到底,贯彻,完成(11)check短语

check in 报到,登记,投宿旅馆 check off 检验,清点

check on 检查,调查 check out 查明,结帐,付款而离开旅馆

check up 核对,检查,检验 check with 商议,符合,核对无误(12)clear短语

clear away 扫除,消除 clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停 clear out 清除,扫出 clear through 通过(检查,批准)clear up(天)变晴,打扫,消除 make it clear that...使人明白(13)come短语

come about 发生,产生,(风,帆)改变方向

come across 偶然相遇,想起;越过;偿付 come along 一道来,随同,进展,出现

come at … 向……袭击,达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击 come back 回来,想起来,复原

come down 下来,下落,倒下,降落;跌落;病倒

come down to… 到达,从一处来到另一处 come for… 来拿,来取 come from… 来自,出生于,起源于 come in 进来,进入,流行起来;获名次 come into being 形成,产生,出现 come into operation开始运转,实施,生效 come into possession of占有,拥有

come into the possession of被...占有,被...拥有 come off 脱落,从……离开

come on 过来,加油,赶快,上演;开始;登台;(问题)被提出

come near 接近,不亚于,几乎,差一点

come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见,偶然碰上,偶然发现 come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开,出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露

come over 访问,越过

come over to… 过来,顺便来访,从一个地方来到另一个地方 come round / around(非正式)来访,串门,绕道

come off(头发,牙齿,纽扣)脱落,离开

come to … 来到,出现,提及,达到,共计,结果是,苏醒,达到;归结于,渐渐(to do sth =get to do sth.)come to a decision 作出决定

come to an end 结束,终止 come to know 逐渐地知道 come to life(变得)活泼,苏醒过来,栩栩如生 come to light 显露,为人所知,明朗化 come to oneself 苏醒过来,恢复知觉 come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿

come to / into power 当权,上台 come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with… 甘心忍受 come true 变为现实,成为事实,证实 come up 被提出,上来,(风浪)猛烈起来,抬头,走近;上楼;长出,发芽,流行起来

come up to sb 朝某人走来 come up with … 提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上 come upon(偶然)遇见,突然发生(14)cross短语

cross out / off 打消,删去,除去 cross one's fingers交叉手指(表祝福)

cross one's mind想起

cross over横贯,穿过,交叉 cross sb.in 与某人作对,在...中阻碍某人(15)cut短语: a cut above 胜过一筹 a short cut近路,捷径

cut/break/make a /the record 创造新记录,打破记录 cut away 切除,剪去,砍掉,逃走

cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减,缩短 cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入 cut in line 插队

cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应),剪下,关掉 cut sth.open 切开,切伤

cut out 删除,剪下来,切下 cut sth.short 缩减,截短

cut through 凿通,挖通,贯穿

cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎,齐根切掉,割裂,歼灭(16)do短语:

be done in 精疲力竭

be done with 完全结束 do the deed 付诸行动,生效 do about 处理,应付

do and don’t 要与不要

do a good deed 做一件好事 do a test 做实验,做化验 do a word puzzle 猜字谜 do away with 废除,废除;弄死;浪费

do body-building 做健身操

do chores 处理琐事,干家务 do /cause damage to 损害

do its work 有效,有作用 do housework 做家务活

do make-up 化妆,打扮

do observations 观察 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力 do much 极有用 do sb.right 公平对待,正确批评某人 do research on… 从事……研究工作 do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人,对某人表示敬意 do sb.justice 公平对待某人

do up 打扮,梳妆,收拾,把(衣服,鞋子等)扣/系好,捆,扎,刷新 do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头 do up the button 扣纽扣 do well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好 do wonders 创造奇迹,产生奇特的效果

do with 处理,处置,对付,和~~相处,忍受 do without 不需要...也行,不用

do wrong 做坏事,做错事(do right = do the right thing 做得对)in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下(17)drive短语

drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶

drive off 驱散 drive out 逐出,乘车出去

drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)

drive sb.mad 使某人发疯(18)fall短语

fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默

fall back撤退,后退

fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面

fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败 fall in love with...爱上(某人)fall into 陷入,养成,开始,渐渐

fall into a habit of 养成...习惯

fall off 掉下,衰退,减少 fall over 摔倒,落在...上,(头发)披在肩上

fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解 fall into ruins 成为废墟 fall to the guound 坠地,失败,落空(19)fix短语

fix a date / time for...为...安排日期/时间 fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供

fix on / upon 确定,决定

fix one's eyes on/upon 注视,凝视 fix one's attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在 out of fix(钟表)不准,不健全(20)get短语

get at 意指,本意是,发现,了解;掌握;攻击 get about 四处走动,活动,徘徊,旅行;流传 get above oneself 自视高傲

get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解 get ahead of 胜过,超过 get along 前进,进步;同意;离去,相处 get around 走动,传播,影响,说服 get away 移走,逃离(from),出发,开始度假

get back 回来,取回,找回,退还,报复

get behind 落后;识破

get close to 接近get down vt.咽下;写下;使沮丧,使倒下vi.下来 get down on one’s knees 跪下

get down to(doing)sth 认真对待,静下心来开始(做)某事 get in 进入,收获,达到,陷入;牵涉

get in a word 插话 get into 进入,陷入,养成 get sb into… 使某人陷入 get it 接(电话),应(门),理解,懂得 get off 下车,脱下(衣服等),送走,动身

get on 上车,过活,穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处 get on / along with… 进展,与……相处 get on/upon with 进步;在~~方面获得成功 get one's hand in 熟悉;习惯

get on one’s feet(艰难地)站立起来

get out vi.摆脱,出去,下车,泄露,离开

get out of 逃避,避免,由~~出来,从~~得出,退休 get over 克服,恢复,原谅,越过,痊愈;克服,完成get up 起床,起身,研究,钻研;致力于;安排

get through 接通(电话),完成(工作),通过(议案、考试等),到达 get to 到达,抵达

get to sleep 入睡,设法睡着

get / gain / take possession of 占有,拥有,占领

get ready for 为……做准备

get rid of 除掉,去掉 get sb to do 让某人做

get the idea for… 想到……的主意 get the message across 传播信息

get together 相聚,碰头,联欢,积聚,商谈,取得一致意见 get / be engaged(to sb)(与某人)订婚(21)give短语

be given to 沉溺于,习惯于,癖好

give about 分配;传播

give and take 相互迁就,互让 give away 赠送,给予,背弃,泄露,分发,牺牲,颁发

give back 归还,送回

give back 归还,反射 give cause 给予~~的理由

give ear to 侧耳倾听 give forth 发出,放出;发表

give in 投降,让步,屈服 give in to 同意,接受;向~~让步

give off 释放,发出,放出(烟、光、热、气味等)give oneself out as/to be 自称为

give oneself up to 专心于;向~~自首

give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完,用完,耗尽

give(hand)over转交,移交

give place to 让位于,被~~所替代

give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生 give up 放弃,辞去,停止

give a concert 开音乐会

give a description of… 描述…… give / make a speech 演讲,讲话

give a talk 演讲,做报告

give birth to 生婴儿,生产,造成 give close attention to 密切关注

give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗 give shade in summer(夏天时)遮阳 give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助

give sb a second look 再看某人一眼 give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人 give sb.to understand 通知某人,使明白

give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告

give way to 让步,退却;屈服于

given that...假定,给定,已知(22)go短语 go abroad 出国

go about 四处走走,开始做,着手干,(谣言等)流传 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反,违背,反对,不利于 go across 度过,越过

go ahead 说吧,干吧,领先,走在前面,前进,进展 go after 追逐,追求,跟随

go / walk around 四处走走 go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴 go along 前进,进行下去 go away 走开,离去 go around 走来走去,四处走动 go back 回去 go beyond 超越

go by 走过,经过,(时间)消逝,过去

go down to 延续到,继续到

go down 下来,落下,倒下,垮台,(风等)平静,沉没 go down on one’s knees 跪下

go for 为……去,努力获取,主张,适用于,去(取,拿)go for sb 对某人也一样 go in 进去,(日月等)被云遮蔽

go in for 参加,喜欢,赞成,从事,为...而努力

go into 详细调查,进入,参加,从事

go into details 细说 go off 走开,离去,(闹钟)闹响,爆炸 go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去

go off the air 停止广播(比较:go on the air 开始广播)go on 发生,进行,继续

go on with...继续做,忍受

go out 熄灭,出去,外出,离开,下台,退休

go over 复习,过一遍,仔细检查,审阅,越过 go round 拜访,绕道走,绕...运行

go past 从……的旁边过去

go up 上升,上涨,增长,攀登 go with…与……相配,和...一道走,同意

go without 忍受没有……之苦,没有……也行,没有……也能勉强应付 go straight along 沿着……一直往前走

go through 通过,浏览,仔细检查,审查,履行,忍受

go through with 完成 go up 上升,上涨,攀登 go with 与...相配,和...一道走,同意

have a go 企图,试图

want a go 试一试

8(23)have短语 have a break 休息一下

have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来

have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈 [比较:have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话 have a talk with sb(about sth)(就某事)与某人进行交流 have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句,跟某人说句话] have a good laugh over… 对……笑了个够

have a hit 风靡一时 have an eye for 有眼力,有眼光 have(got)a pain(in the…)(身体某部位)痛 have to = have got to 不得不,必须

have mercy on… 宽恕……,对……仁慈,对……表示怜悯 have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物(24)hold短语

hold back 退缩,踌躇,阻挡,控制住,隐瞒 hold to / by 坚持,固守

hold down 压制,压低,缩减

hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开

hold one’s breath 屏息,不出气 hold on 等一等,不要挂电话 hold on to 抓住,保住

hold out 伸出,坚持下去,维持,提出,支持,主张 hold up 阻挡,使停顿,举起,拿起,阻滞

hold with 和...意见一致,赞成hold together 连在一起,团结一致(25)keep短语

keep at 坚持,不停地做

keep away from 避开,别靠近keep company with...和...结交

keep back 隐瞒,忍住,阻止……向前,留下,扣留

keep dark 保守秘密

keep down 控制,缩减 keep in 闭门不出

keep off 勿踏,勿踩

keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物

keep on 继续进行

keep out 不得入内 keep…out 把……挡住,把……留在外面 keep out of … 不进入…

keep pace with...跟上,同...步调一致 keep time按时,(钟表)走得准 keep to 坚持,固守,遵守

keep up 继续,保持,坚持,使(情绪等)不低落

keep up with… = catch up with… 跟上,赶上,与...并肩前进 keep a date 赴约

keep an eye on 注视,留心,注意,照顾(keep an eye out for 注视,留心,注意)

keep one’s appointment 守约 keep silent over … 对……保持沉默 keep the same look 保持原貌

keep watch 保持警戒,站岗,守望,值班,注意 in good /high(bad/low)keep 保存得好(坏)(26)knock短语

knock at /on 敲打(门、窗等)knock down 把……撞倒,击倒

knock into 撞到,撞上某人,偶然碰见

knock sb out(of sth)淘汰某人

knock over 撞翻,撞倒(27)lay短语

lay aside 把..放在一边,抛弃,贮藏 lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲

lay off(暂时)解雇,放弃,停止 lay out 花费,投资,不置,打昏(28)leave短语

give leave 准假

leave about乱放,乱丢

leave alone 听任,任其自然

leave...as it is.听其自然 leave behind 留下,忘记携带

leave out 省去,遗漏,不把...计算在内 leave off 停止,戒除

leave office 离职,下台

leave over 留下,剩下,延期

leave room for 为...让出地方

leave sth, to / with sb把...交给/留给某人.leave sb, sth.把...交给/留给某人 on leave 休假,请假(29)look短语

look at 看着,注视,检查,着眼于

look about 四下环顾;查看

look ahead 向前看,展望未来 look(admire)at oneself in the mirror 照镜子 look after 照顾,照料,照看

look around / about 四处看看,四下环顾 look back 回首,回忆,回顾过去

look back on/upon… 回顾……,回忆……

look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望,期盼某事物/做某事 look for 寻找,期望 look in 来访,参观,看望

look into… 往……里面看,浏览,调查,研究 look(right)into sb’s eyes 直视着

look on/upon 旁观,面向,观望 look on / upon...as...把...看作 look out 向外看;注意,当心,提防,警惕 look one's age 和年龄相称

look out for 警惕,留心,找出来,寻找 look over… 翻阅,(仔细)检查,从上面看过去

look through 看透,仔细查看,浏览,翻阅,温习look to 面向,注意 look up 仰视,往上看,(在字典或参考书中)查阅,查寻,涨价

look up to sb 敬仰,仰望,尊敬(look down on / upon sb 瞧不起,鄙视,轻视)

look / be worried 看上去/感到担心(30)make短语

make into 制成,作成(后面跟产品,制成品)

[be made in 在……生产/制造 be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)be made up of = consist of 由……组成,由……构成] make out 理解,看清楚

make up 化妆,打扮,和解,配制,编造,虚构,构成,组成 make up for 弥补,补充,补偿 made up one’s mind 下决心

make advantages/use of 使用,利用 make after 追求,追赶 make a beeline for走直路,走进路,朝...径直走去 make a choice 做出选择

make a commitment 承诺,保证

make a comment / comments(on / upon…)(对……)发表评论 make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人(比较:make fool of … 愚弄)make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要 make a promise 承诺 make a will 立下遗嘱

make(a)suggestion(on …)提出(关于……)的建议 make a telephone call 打电话

make / take a trip / journey to … 去某地旅行 make conversation 交谈

make eyes at...抛眉眼,以目示意

make for 去向,向~~前进;有利于

make towards 向...前进

make fun of… 取笑,嘲笑,和……开玩笑 make it(事业上)获得成功 make into 把~~制成,使~~转变为

make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑,以某人为笑柄 make mistake about… 犯了……错误

make much of 重视;理解;赏识 make one’s way to… 往……走去 make one's mind on sth.决定某事 make one's own 当作自己的看待 make out 填写;开支票;理解;辨认

make progress(in …)(在……方面)取得进步 make sense 有意义,有道理,讲得通 make sense of… 弄懂……的意思

make sth to(one’s own)measure(按自己的尺寸)定做 make sure 确保,确认,查明

make the adjustment to… 适应…… make the / one’s bed 整理床铺

make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占...比例,讲和 make way for 为~~让路,让路于

make up to 接近,巴结;向~~求爱

on the make 急求成功;增加,损人利己追求名利(31)meet短语

meet the case 适合,令人满意

meet the need/demand/requirement of满足...需要 meet with 偶然碰见,遭受

meet...by chance/accident偶然碰见 make both ends meet 使收支相抵(32)open短语

be open to 对...开放,易于接受,经不起(诱惑)

open A for B 为B展开/打开A open to 朝...开,朝向,通向

open up开发,开创,开辟,开垦,吐露真情,打开,展现 with open eyes 睁着眼睛,留神地,吃惊地 with open arms 张开双臂,热诚(欢迎)(33)owe短语

owe...to...把...归功于,把...归因于

owe much to 多亏了,在很大程度上归功于

owe it to...that...归功于,幸亏 owe sb.sth.(=owe sth.to sb.)欠某人...(34)pass短语 pass away 去世,(时间)过去 pass by 通过,从旁边经过,(时间)过去 pass into 变成,化为

pass down 传下来,流传,使世代相传,一代一代传下去 pass on(to sb)转交给(某人),传给(某人)pass on/upon 传递,通过

pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来 pass out 失去知觉,昏厥

pass out of one's mind 被人忘掉 pass over 忽视,置之不理 pass through 穿过,越过

pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上(35)pay短语

pay back 偿还(借款),报答,报复 pay for 付款,付费,付代价 pay off 还清(欠款)(36)pick短语

pick and choose 仔细挑选,挑挑拣拣 pick off 摘下,逐个地射死

pick on 挑选,挑剔,惹恼

pick one's way/steps 小心地走路,择路而行 pick one's words精选用词 pick out 挑选,认出 pick up 开车接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识,购买(便宜商品)

pick up with...结识,与...交朋友(37)pull短语

pull/make/wear a long face 拉长脸,不高兴 pull about 把...拖来拖去,虐待 pull away 拖出,离开

pull apart 拉开,扯断,严加批评

pull down 拉下,拉倒,推翻,拆毁,使(价格)下降,使体质减弱,赚取 pull in(车船)抵达, 节省(费用), 缩减(开支)pull off 脱(衣,冒),完成,获得成功 pull on 穿,戴,继续拉

pull out 驶出,拔出,离开

pull one's leg 取笑,开玩笑,逗乐

pull through 克服困难,使……脱离危险(渡过难关;恢复健康)pull sth.to pieces 把...拆散 pull up 拔起,阻止,使停下 pull up with/to 追上,赶上

pull(the)wires/strings 幕后操纵,走后门(38)push短语 at one push 一口气

bring to the push 使陷绝境 push against 推,推撞

push forward/along 把...腿向前,继续进行 push aside/away 推开,排除 push back 退回,推回 push down 向下推

push in 推进,向岸靠拢 push off 起程,离开 push on 奋力向前,推进

push one's way挤过去,奋力向前 push out 推出,长出 push over 推倒

push through 促成,完成,穿过,挤过 push up 向上推(39)put短语

put an end to 结束,终止,废除

put aside 把~~放在一边;搁置;排除,储藏

put away 将某物收拾起来,存钱,储存,存起来 put back 把~~放回原处;拨回

put down 扑灭,平息,镇压,记下,记下;削减;降落 put faith in 相信,信任

put forward 提出,建议,推荐,拨快,提倡 put in 驶入,进入

put...(down)in writing 把...写下来

put ~~ into 把~~放入;插入;翻译成 put off 延期,拖延,消除;推脱,脱下 put on(戏)上演,放(唱片),穿戴,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐 put on a performance 演出

put out 扑灭,熄灭,使……停止燃烧,伸出,出版,生产,拿出,制造 put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过 put to(good)use(充分)利用

put up 挂起,张贴,举起,抬起,搭起,建立,提名,推荐;陈列 put up with 忍受,容忍(40)refer短语

refer to 指,提及,参考,查阅

be referred to 和...有关,归功于,被提交...处理 refer oneself to...依赖,求助于 refer to...as...把...称做,认为...是...(41)ring短语

ring off 挂断电话

ring the bell 敲钟,摇铃 ring up 打电话给...ring back回电话(42)see短语

see after 照料,照顾

see into 识透,调查 see out 送某人到门口/屋外

see off 送行 see through 看透,识破,支持(某人)到底 see to 照顾,处理,注意

see to it that照料,努力使;保证,注意

seeing that...因为,鉴于,既然= owing to as far as I see/know 据我所知(43)sell短语

sell off 廉价出清(存货)sell out 卖完,背叛= be sold out sell up 变卖,拍卖 sell well 畅销,好卖 sell by retail 零售~by whole-sale 批发(44)send短语

send away 让走开,解雇,赶走,把...送往远处 send down 把...向下发送,开除,降低(价格,温度)send for 派人去叫/请/拿 send in 寄送某处进行处理

send off 发出,寄出,解雇,送别 send out 派遣,发出(信号、通知等),长出(树叶等)send up 发射,射出,往上送,使上升 send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉

send signals by … 通过……发送信号 send word 通知,转告,捎信(45)set短语

set about(doing)sth 着手,开始

set aside 留出,搁/放在一边,取消,放弃,忽视,拒绝 set back 把(钟表)往回拨 set down 放下,登记,记载 set down to 归于,认为是由于 set forward 把(钟表)拨快,出发

set off 出发,起程,引起爆炸,激起,引起,拨出(钱等)set one's hand to 着手做,从事

set one's heart / mind on/upon专心于,渴望,一心想做 set out vi.出发 vt.布置,发表 set out(for…)出发往(……),动身去(……)set out to do 开始做,着手做

set /give a(good)example to… 为……树立(好)榜样 set sail for 起航去……

set sail from 从……起航

set sb a good example in … 在……为某人树立榜样(46)shut短语

shut down(=close down)关闭,倒闭,停工,歇业 shut in 关进去,禁闭,使中止,压制 shut off 关掉,切断

shut one's eyes/ears to...拒绝去看/听 shut one's heart to...对...不动心 shut one's mind to...死不答应 shut one's teeth 要紧牙关

shut out 关在外面,排除(可能性)shut up 闭嘴,关闭,密封(47)stick短语

stick in the mud 陷入泥中,墨守成规 stick...into...把...插入...中 stick out 突出,伸出,显眼 stick to 坚持,忠于,粘到...上(48)suit短语

be suited for doing(=be suited to do)配(做),适于 be suited to / for...适合于

suit all tastes 人人合口味,人人中意 suit oneself 随自己意愿

suit the action to the word 使言行一致 suit...to...使适合于,使适应

suit with...与...相称(49)stand短语

stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人 stand up 起立,站起来 stand out 突出,显眼

stand for 代表,表示,象征,容忍,支持/拥护,为……的候选人 stand still = stay still 站着不动(50)take短语 be taken aback 吃惊

take after 与某人相像,仿效 take along 带领,携带 take aim 瞄准,设立目标

take … apart = separate …把……分开 take away 拿走,使离开。减去;夺去 take away from… 从……带/拿走 take back 退回,拿回,收回,取消

take down 拿下,记下,记录,占领,拆毁,使病倒 take for… 当作……,误以为是……

take in 吸收,接纳,上当,轻信,领会;留宿 take into 驶入,信任

take off(飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋),成名,成功,很快上升,开始流行/畅销

take on 呈现,雇佣,承担,担任

take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)take over 继承,接管,接替

take up 从事,开始,专注于,占去(时间、空间、地位等)take a bank loan 向银行贷款 take a bath 洗澡

take a chance / chances 碰运气,冒险

take a critical attitude towards… 对……持批判态度 take a few deep breaths 深呼吸

take / have a degree in … 取得……学位 take cold 感冒,受寒

take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育

take … by surprise 对……突然袭击,出乎……意料 take care 小心, 注意

take care of 照顾,照看,当心,注意,谨慎,处理

take care to do 务必做,留心做 take charge of 负责,主管 take effect 生效,奏效 take exercise 运动,活动

take … for example 以……为例

take … for granted

认为是理所当然的 take fire 着火

take / get / catch hold of 握住,抓住 take office就职,上任

take one's place就坐,入坐,代替 take part with 袒护,支持

take sb in the arms 拥抱,搂抱 take sb.by the arm 拉某人的胳膊 take sb seriously 看重某人

take the shape of 呈/取....的形状 take up for 袒护

take up with 致力于,忍受,对...发生兴趣

take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人(比较:sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏)(51)think短语

think about 思考,考虑(是否去做)think aloud 自言自语 think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法

think of...as...把...看作

think out 仔细考虑,想出

think over 仔细考虑 think through… 思考……直到得出结论,想通 think up 提出,想出,设计出,想通,想起 think twice 再三考虑,仔细考虑

think to oneself 沉思,暗自想

think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise fo对……高度评价(52)tear短语

tear at撕,强拉 tear away 撕掉,扯开,磨损 tear A away from B 从B夺走A tear down 拆毁,扯下,使瓦解,破坏(名誉)tear in/to/into pieces 把...撕碎 tear in two..把...撕成两半

tear off 扯去,扯开 tear out 撕下,拉下 tear up撕掉,撕毁(53)throw短语

throw about乱丢,乱花(钱)

throw at 把...投向

throw away 抛弃,浪费,拒绝,错失(机会)throw back 扔回,拒绝,反驳,(光线)反射 throw cold water on sb.对...泼冷水,使气馁 throw doubt on/upon 对...怀疑

throw down 推翻,拆毁,仍下,拒绝 throw down one's tools 罢工 throw in 插话,(免费)附送 throw into 使...陷入某种状态 throw off 摆脱,匆匆脱掉,设法除去

throw oneself into 投身于,积极从事 throw out 扔出,干扰,否决 throw up呕吐,放弃,举起,批评,匆匆建造 throw up one's arms 举起双手,投降

第四篇:英语动词

第十二讲 英语动词 [1]

[新E英语 沈章柱

2007-10-18]

一、动词的概念

顾名思义,动词就是表示动作的词。所谓动作,绝大多数是可以感知到的,比如汽车在开,人在看电视,太阳升起降落,等等。也有些动作不是直接能看到听到的,例如思考问题,制定方案,经济发展,等等。不管怎么说,这些动作都比较明显,直接或间接地被我们觉察出来。但是,英语动词还有一类是表示“状态”的。这些动词并没有直观的动作,它只是表示事物存在的一种状态。例如:我是一个学生。其中的“是”,在英语中就是动词;再例如:我们有一个篮球。其中的“有”也是动词;等等。这类表示状态的动词,对于初学者来说要多加留意,它们也必须按照动词的规律来使用。

二、动词的分类

1、根据动词的意义分类

(1)实义动词和非实义动词(助动词)动词属于“实词”的一种。所谓实词,就是有明确具体的含义,像名词的桌子、猫狗德行,形容词的红黄蓝绿等等,动词的哭笑、走路等等。而英语中其它的一些词类如冠词、介词等等,意义比较地空虚,所以叫做虚词。根据动词是不是有明确具体的意思,动词本身也分成所谓的实义动词和非实义动词。实义动词就是动作比较明显具体,像上面讲到的汽车在开,人在看电视,太阳升起,思考问题,制定方案,经济发展,等等。非实义动词通称为助动词,如can, may, will, shall 等等。注意:有少数动词既可以算作实义动词,也是助动词。也就是说,这些动词既可以作实义动词,在另外情况下它又是助动词,如:be, have, look, seem 等。请看例句: 例1:I have my supper at about 6:30 every day.我每在6:30 左右吃晚饭。(这儿,have 是实义动词。)例2:The students have planted many trees.学生们种了许多树。(这儿,have planted 中的have 是完成时态的助动词。)

(2)短时动词和持续动词

短时动词也称瞬时动词,是说这些动作在很短时间内就完成了,它不太可能持续很长的时间,例如:leave(离开)borrow(借), buy(买),等等。相反,持续动词表示的是,这些动作是一种持续性的动作,它可以连续不断地发生,例如:write(写), walk(走路), sleep(睡觉)等等。

一个动作是短时动词还是持续动词,也就是动作持续时间的长或短,在英语中对于正确使用动词的时态非常有用。而有些动词,短时与长时所用的动词是不一样的。这一点在中文里是没有的,也是初学者经常遇到的问题之一。请看例句: 例1:当 Tom 到达的时候,他得知 Mary 已经离开将近三个小时了。

[错] When Tom arrived he learned Mary had left for almost three hours.因为过去完成时 had left 和 for 连用,有不停地离开的意思,英语中算作错误。

[对] When Tom arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost three hours.要表示持续的状态,可以改用系表结构 had been away。例2:她那天穿着一件新裙子。

[错] She put on a new dress that day.put on 表示“穿上”的短时动作。显然,她不可能一天总是在那儿穿来穿去。

[对] She wore a new dress that day.wear 表示“穿着”的状态,是持续动词。

例3:他丢了包有三天了。

[错] He has lost his bag for three days.丢东西是很短时间发生的事,不可能连续三天才把包丢掉。for 表示持续的一段时间。

[对] He lost his bag three days ago./ It is three days since he lost his bag.1、及物动词

及物动词的意思是,谓语动词后必须接一个宾语,表明谓语动词所影响到的对像或者目标。这样,句子的意思才比较完整。例如上例中,discuss 后接了一个 the usage of verb,指出了我们讨论的对象(或目标),整句话连起来就是:weusage(我们讨论用法),基本上表达出了句子的主要意思。再例如:The boy see a picture on the wall.如果只说 see,听者可能就会问 see 了什么?这里候必须接一个具体的内容 a picture,这样意思就比较完整了。

及物动词在英语里用缩写 v.t.表示。

2、不及物动词

不及物动词,意思就是它不需要后面接宾语,句子意思本身就清楚了。

例如:A car is running along the bridge.run 是谓语,说汽车在开。我们听到了 carFreanch)我能看懂法文,但不会说。

We read about the storm in the paper today.(read 用作不及物:read-about)从今天的报纸上我们得知今天有风暴

(2)有的词只用作不及物动词,如果要接宾语,必须后接介词。这些加了介词的不及物动词,很多有固定的意思,因而也被称作“动词短语”。例如:

He turned on the torch to look for his keys.他打开了手电筒,寻找钥匙。(turn on 与 look for)The children always lag(缓缓而行)behind when we go for a walk.(go for)我们出去散步时,孩子们总是落在后面。

2、实义动词(及物、不及物)与助动词

及物与不及物动词都是实义动词,有着明确具体的含义。相对来说,助动词的意义就比较虚了。助动词的用法在讲时态的时候还会专门讲述。这里要说的是,英语有些动词既可以做实义动词,也可以用作助动词。这一点请初学者要搞清楚。例如:

I am a student of Class Two.[ 这里am 是实义动词] 我是一个二班的学生。

I am playing basketball.[这里am 是助动词] 我在打篮球。

We have a clean and tidy classroom.[ have 是实义动词] 我们有一间干净整齐的教室。

We have learned 1000 words this term.[ have 是助动词] 这学期我们学了1000个单词。

3、谓语动词的变化

英语中,谓语动词的变化非常复杂。这是由英语表达的特点决定的。简单地说,英语在表示一个动作的时态,特别注意两个问题:一是动作发生的时间,是过去、现在还是将来等等;二是动作持续的状态,是做完了、正在进行、一直持续等等。同一个动作,在不同的时间、不同的状态的时候,要用动词的不同形式来表达,这就是所谓动词的过去式、一般现在时、正在进行时等等的原因。关于这方面的问题,这里只提示一下,以后讲时态的时候将专门进行讲解。例如:

He does his exercise every day.[ does 表示一般现在时,does 是单数第三人称。] 他每天都做锻炼。He is doing his exercise now.[ is doing 表示现在进行时, doing 叫现在分词。] 他正在锻炼。

He has done his exercise and for two months.[ has done 现在完成时,done 叫过去分词。] 他锻炼有两个月了。

1、限定性动词和非限定性的动词

限定与非限定动词,是从主语与谓语的搭配关系来说的。限定动词是指动词变与不变受主语的人称(第一、第二、第三人称)和是单数还是复数的限制。它主要出现在一般现在时及少数的时态中。

例如,在一般现在时中,I, you, we 和复数名词形式时谓语动词不需要进行变化;如果是单数第三人称,动词则要进行变化。(这种情况也叫“主语、谓语的一致”。)请看例句: We go to school on weekdays.我们天天上学。(we 是复数,go 不需要变化。)He goes to school on weekdays.他天天上学。(he 是第三人称单数,go 需要变成 goes。)I shall play football on Saturday.我星期六将踢足球。(I 后要用 shall 表示将来。)The boys will play football on Saturday.男生们星期六将踢足球。(boys 是第三人称,要用 will 表示将来。)与此相反,有些动词则不受主语的人称和单数、复数的影响,此是就叫非限定动词。非限定动词主要出现在各类非谓语动词中,因为它们都是非谓语动词,所以一般不受主语的限制。

2、规则动词和不规则动词

上面说了,动词有各种变化形式。英语动词的变化,有些是有规则的,就叫规则动词;如果没有规律,就叫不规则动词。规则与不规则动词主要出现在动词的时态中。

例如,在一般现在时中,I, you, we 和复数名词形式时谓语动词不需要进行变化;如果是单数第三人称,动词的变化则有以下的规则:

一般情况下,直接在动词后加 s,此时就叫“规则动词”。例如:

He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。(like 变成了 likes)It looks like a cat.它看起来像只猫。(look变成了looks)其它如:help(帮助)-helps ;come(来)teaches ;wash(洗)goes;kiss(吻)-kisses ;fix(安装)-fixes 但是有少数动词,它们的变化是没有规律的,此时就称它们为“ 不规则动词”,例如:

have(有)am / is / are 等。

在动词的过去式、过去分词的变化中,同样存在着规则变化与不规则变化。

例如:过去式 规则变化:

work(原形)worked(过去分词);play(原形)played(过去分词)不规则变化:

sing(原形)sang(过去式)sung(过去分词);grow(原形)grew(过去式)grown(过去分词)

3、系动词、情态动词、感官动词等

系动词:它们一般是表示事物某种状态(或缓慢变化)的动词,如:be, keep, get, remain 等等。

情态动词:是表示“能、可以、必须”等的词,如:can, may, must 等。感官动词:专门表示人的感官动作的动词,如:feel, smell, sound, taste 等等

第五篇:高考情态动词

2000 ~ 2005 年高考题汇编

情 态 动 词

1.Sorry I'm late.I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.(2000北京春季)(A)

A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will

2.I was really anxious about you.You_________ home without a word.(01全国)(B)

A.mustn’t leaveB.shouldn’t have leftC.couldn’t have leftD.needn’t leave

3.— Write to me when you get home.— _________(01北京春季)(C)

A.I mustB.I shouldC.I willD.I can

4.— Is John coming by train?

— He should, but he _________ not.He likes driving his car.(02全国)【D】A.mustB.canC.needD.may

5.― I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.― It ______ true because there was little snow there.(02北京)(C)

A.may not beB.won’t beC.couldn’t be

D.mustn’t be 6.— I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins — Yes, certainly.(02北京春季)(B)I have a look?

A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should

7.A left luggage office is a place where bagsbe left for a short time, especially at a railway station.(03全国卷)(B)

A.should B.can C.must D.will

8.— The room is so dirty.we clean it?

— Of course.(03北京春季)(B)

A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do

9.---Who is the girl standing over there?

---Well, if you______ know, her name is Mabel.(04天津)(C)

A may B can C must D shall

10.“The interestbe divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.(04重庆)(D)

A.may B.should C.must D.shall

11.---I don't mind telling you what I know.---Y.I'm not asking you for it.(04江苏)(D)

A.mustn'tB.may notC.can'tD.needn’t

12.I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.(04浙江)(A)

A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could

13.---I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.---You________ her last week.(04福建)(D)

A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told

14.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _____ report it to the police?(04广西)(A)

A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can

15.Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.(04广西)(A)

A.should have arrivedB.should arrive

C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving

16.---Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.---You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it.(04湖南)(A)

A.shan't B.might notC.needn'tD.shouldn't

17.— Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

— Sorry, I am not sure.But it be.(04湖北)(A)

A.mightB.will C.mustD.can

18.---Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock..I go out and play with Tom

for a while?

---No, I’m afraid not.Besides, it’s raining outside now.(04辽宁)(A)

A.Can’tB.Wouldn’tC.May notD.Won’t

19.Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when is a

public library.(04上海)(A)

A.mustB.mayC.canD.need

20.---Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

---No, it______ be him---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.(04全国I)(A)

A can’t B must not C won’t D may not

21.You ______ be tired---you’ve only been working for an hour.(04全国II)(C)

A must not B won’t be C can’t D may not

22.---Tom graduated from college at a very young age.---Oh, he______ have been a very smart boy then.(04全国IV)(D)

A could B should C might D must

23.You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _______ not like the design of the furniture.(04上海春季)(C)

A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need

24.He __________ have completed his work;otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the

seaside.(05北京卷)(B)

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t

25.He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.(05山东卷)(A)

A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need

26.---I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.---It ______ Harry's.He always wears green.(05广东卷)(D)

A.has to beB.will beC.mustn't beD.could be

27.— Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.— Well.Hehave gone far—his coat’s still here.(05湖北卷)(C)

A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.wouldn’t

28.If Iplan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much

of it as possible.(05湖北卷)(B)

A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to

29.---Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.---She ______.I've already borrowed one.(05湖南卷)(C)

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't

30.The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ___ I did.(05湖南卷)(A)

A.as much asB.as long asC.as soon asD.as far as

31.— Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?

— Something ________ to him.(05江西卷)(D)

A.must happenC.could have happened B.should have happened D.must have happened

32.John, look at the time._______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(05全国卷3)(B)

A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need

33.Tom, youleave all your clothes on the floor like this!(05全国卷1)(B)

A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.may not

34.There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.(05上海卷)(C)

A.mustn’tB.shan’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t

35.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it

_________be very slow.(05浙江卷)(D)

A.should B.mustC.willD.can

36.I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They ____ at least 150

kilometers an hour.(05重庆卷)(B)

A.should have been doingB.must have been doing

C.could have doneD.would have done

37.I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.(05天津卷)(B)

A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't

38.Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.(05安徽卷)(C)

A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can

39.This cake is very sweet.You __________ a lot of sugar in it.(05辽宁卷)(D)

A.should put B.could have put C.might put D.must have put

40.---The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she

returned.---Oh, dear!She _______ a lot of difficulties!(05江苏卷)(D)

A.may go throughB.might go through

C.ought to have gone throughD.must have gone through

41.I have lost one of my gloves.I ________ it somewhere.(05北京春季)(B)

A.must drop B.must have dropped

C.must be dropping D.must have been dropped

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