第一篇：拉里佩奇演讲稿
2009届的同学们,首先我希望大家都站起来,向支持你们的亲朋好友挥手致意!我相信你们都能在人群中找到他们,把你们的爱表现出来吧!
很久以前,1962年的寒冷9月,这座校园里有一家史蒂文消费合作社。此合作社有一间厨房,那里的天花板由学生志愿者打扫,大概每十来年才一次吧。想象一下,画面上有位名叫格洛里亚的女大学生,爬上了高高的梯子,努力地打扫那脏兮兮的天花板。一位名叫卡尔的寄宿生站在地上,为该情景钦佩不已。这就是他俩的初次邂逅。他俩就是我的父母亲。所以我想你们会说,我就是这里——密歇根大学那个“厨房化学实验”的直接成果。
我们家的所有成员都毕业于密歇根大学:我哥哥、我妈妈和爸爸——我们全家。我的祖父在密歇根州弗林特的雪佛兰汽车工厂工作,他是装配线上的一名工人。他曾开车把两个孩子送到安娜堡这儿,并告诉他们:这是你们今后要上的大学。我知道现在听起来很好笑。他的两个孩子也的确从密歇根大学毕业。这就是“美国梦”。
我想告诉大家的是,来这儿对我的意义绝对不仅仅是重回旧地。我有个关于追寻梦想的故事,或者更确切地说,这是一个找到梦想成真之路的故事。
你们知道,午夜从一个逼真的梦境中醒来是什么感觉吗?你们知道如果床边没有纸笔,而第二天一早就忘个精光又会怎样吗?
喔,我23岁的时候,就做过一个那样的梦。我猛然惊醒,想着:如果我们能把整个网络下载下来,但仅保存链接会怎样?然后我抓起一支笔写了起来。有时候别做梦,及时醒来是非常重要的。我花了一个午夜描画出细节,并确信那是可以做得到的。不久后,我告诉我的导师特里·温诺格拉德,那要花几周时间来下载整个网络——他只是会意地点点头,他完全知道要花的时间其实长得多,但他很睿智,并没有告诉我。年轻人的乐观精神通常不可低估!令人惊讶的是,我当时没有想过要造一个搜索引擎。这一概念甚至没有进入我脑海。但很久以后,我们突然找到更好排列网页的方法,并造出一个非常好的搜索引擎——谷歌就这样诞生了。当伟大的梦想闪现时,抓住它吧!
我在密歇根大学上学时,其实就学过如何实现梦想。我知道这听起来很可笑,但那是我从一个由夏令营转化而来的名为“塑造领袖”的培训项目中学到的。该项目的口号就是“理性地藐视不可能”。那个项目激励着我追寻那时一个疯狂的想法:我想在校园内建立一套个人快速交通系统以代替公交。我直到现在还在思考很多有关交通的问题—你永不要放走梦想,而要把它当作一种习惯去培育。现在人们花很大力气干的很多事情,如做饭、清洁、驾驶,以后只会占用人们更少的时间。也就是说,如果我们“理性地藐视不可能”,并确实找到新的解决方案的话。
我认为,通常追寻雄心万丈的梦想更容易些。我知道这听起来完全是一派胡言。不过,既然没有别的人疯狂到会做这件事情,你就没有竞争对手了。优秀的人爱接受大挑战。这就是在谷歌发生的事情。我们的目标就是组合全球的信息,使其随手可得,随处可用。那怎么能不让大家兴奋呢?但是我们那时几乎启动不成谷歌,因为我和联合创始人谢尔盖都太担心拿不到博士学位。要是你觉得自己是暴风雨下人行道上的一条蚯蚓,那很可能你就真的走对路了。那就是我们刷爆了三张信用卡,从一辆货车的车尾买来硬盘后的感觉。那就是谷歌最早的硬件设备。家长和朋友们:多点信用卡总是有用的。如何用一句话总结你该如何改变世界?那就是在那些让人极度兴奋的事情上发奋努力。
当我在读博士的时候,其实我有三个项目是想做的。谢天谢地,我的导师对我说,“为什么你不先做一会网络的事呢?”科技,尤其是因特网真的能让人变懒。变懒?我的意思是一个三人的小组可以写出让数百万人喜爱使用的软件程序。但三个人可以接上百万次电话吗?找到撬起地球的杠杆,你就能真的懒起来。
总而言之,我知道这个世界看起来分崩离析,但这确是你们人生中一个伟大的时代,你们可以疯狂一点,追随自己的好奇心,雄心勃勃地实现它。不要放弃你们的梦想。世界需要你们所有人。
以下是我要说的最后一个故事:
就像今天的某一日,你们可能感到欣喜若狂,就像你刚从马戏团的大炮口被射了出来——甚至更加所向无敌。绝不要忘了那种难以名状的美妙感觉,但同时,也要永远记住和亲朋好友相聚的时刻,记住我们得做些可能会为世界带来巨变的事情的机会,或者只是为你所爱的人带来小变化的机会——所有生活给予我们美
好机会,也能将它们带走。世事瞬息万变,比你设想的要快得多。
1996年3月下旬,就在我到斯坦福上研究生院不久,我爸爸呼吸出现困难,被送到医院。两个月后,他去世了。我当时几近崩溃了。许多年以后,在我重新振作后,在我谈恋爱后,在我体验了如此多的人生经历后,我发现自己总是想起我的爸爸。
如果我爸爸能活到今天,我想他最开心的莫过于看到露西和我即将拥有自己的孩子。如果他今天也能来到这里,噢,那将会是他人生中最美好的日子
之一。
我们中很多人都很幸运,能够在这里和家人们一起。我们中的一些还可以和亲友家人一起回家。请和他们保持亲密,并且记住:他们才是生命中真正至关重要的。
感谢妈妈,感谢露西。
同时,十分感谢大家。
Class of 2009!First I’d like you to stand up, and wave and cheer your supportive family and friends!I’m sure you can find them out there.Show your love!
A long time ago, in this cold September of 1962, there was a Steven’s 1)co-op at this very university.That co-op had a kitchen with a ceiling that had been cleaned by student volunteers probably every decade or so.Picture a college girl named Gloria, climbing up high on a ladder, struggling to clean that
2)filthy ceiling.Standing on the floor, a young 3)boarder named Carl was admiring the view.And that’s how they met.They were my parents, so I suppose you could say I’m a direct result of that kitchen chemistry experiment, right here at Michigan.Everyone in my family went here to Michigan: my brother, my Mom, my Dad—all of us.My father’s father worked in the Chevy plant in Flint, Michigan.He was an assembly line worker.He drove his two children here to Ann Arbor, and told them: That is where you’re going to college.I know it sounds funny now.Both of his kids actually did graduate from Michigan.That was the American dream.What I’m trying to tell you, this is WAY more than a homecoming for me.I have a story about following dreams.Or maybe more accurately, it’s a story about finding a path to make those dreams real.You know what it’s like to wake up in the middle of the night with a vivid dream? And you know how, if you don’t have a pencil and 4)pad by the bed, it will be completely gone by the next morning?
Well, I had one of those dreams when I was 23.When I suddenly woke up, I was thinking: What if we could download the whole web, and just keep the links? And I grabbed a pen and started writing!Sometimes it’s important to wake up and stop dreaming.I spent the middle of that night 5)scribbling out the details and convincing myself it would work.Soon after, I told my advisor, Terry Winograd, it would take a couple of weeks for me to download the web—he nodded knowingly, fully aware it would take much longer but wise enough not to tell me.The 6)optimism of youth is often underrated!Amazingly, at that time, I have no thoughts building a search engine.The idea wasn’t even on the radar.But, much later we happened upon a better way of ranking and we made a really great search engine, and Google was born.When a really great dream shows up, grab it!
When I was here at Michigan, I had actually been taught how to make dreams real!I know it sounds funny, but that is what I learned in a summer camp 7)converted into a training program called Leadershape.Their slogan is to have a “healthy disregard for the impossible”.That program encouraged me to pursue a crazy idea at the time: I wanted to build a personal rapid transit system on campus to replace the buses.I still think a lot about transportation—you never loose a dream, it just 8)incubates as a hobby.Many things people labor hard to do now, like cooking, cleaning, and driving will require much less human time in the future.That is, if we “have a healthy disregard for the impossible” and actually build the solutions.I think it is often easier to make progress on mega-ambitious dreams.I know that sounds completely nuts.But, since no one else is crazy enough to do it, you’ll have little competition.The best people want to work on the big challenges.That is what happened with Google.Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally 9)accessible and useful.How can that not get you excited? But we almost didn’t start Google, actually, because my co-founder Sergey and I were too worried about dropping out of the Ph.D.program.You are probably on the right track if you feel like a sidewalk worm during a rainstorm!That is about how we felt after we maxed out three credit cards buying hard disks off the back of a truck.That was actually the first hardware for Google.Parents and friends: more credit cards always help.What is the one sentence summary of how you change the world? Always work hard on something uncomfortably exciting!
As a Ph.D.student, I actually had three projects I wanted to work on.Thank goodness my advisor said, “Why don’t you work on the web for a while?” Technology and especially the Internet can really help you be lazy.Lazy? What I mean is a group of three people can write software that then millions can use and enjoy.Can three people answer the phone a million times? Find the
10)leverage in the world, so you can be truly lazy!
Overall, I know it seems like the world is
11)crumbling out there, but it is actually a great time in your life to get a little crazy, follow your curiosity, and be ambitious about it.Don’t give up on your dream.The world needs you all!
So here’s my final story:
On a day like today, you might feel 12)exhilarated—like you’ve just been shot out of a cannon at the circus—and even invincible.Don’t ever forget that incredible feeling.But also: always remember that the moments we have with friends and family, the chances we have to do things that might make a big difference in the world, or even to make a small difference to the ones we love—all those wonderful chances that life gives us, life also takes away.It can happen fast, and a whole lot sooner than you think.In late March 1996, soon after I had moved to Stanford for grad school, my Dad had difficulty breathing and drove to the hospital.Two months later, he died.I was completely 13)devastated.Many years later, after a startup, after falling in love, and after so many of life’s adventures, I found myself thinking about my Dad.If my Dad were alive today, the thing I think he would be most happy about is that Lucy and I have a baby 14)in the hopper.If he were here today, well, it would be one of the best days of his life.Many of us are fortunate enough to be here with family.Some of us have dear friends and family to go home to.Please keep them close and remember: They are what really matters in life.Thanks, Mom;Thanks, Lucy.And thank you, all, very much.
第二篇：谷歌创始人拉里·佩奇密歇根大学毕业演讲稿
如果看过谷歌的介绍,可能你会不由得想到一个词—神话。这说的不光是拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林两个博士没读完的辍学生在硅谷的车库里创业,最后建成了市值超过IBM(甚至有人预测五年后会超越微软)的IT巨擎的传奇故事,说的还是谷歌里面那令无数打工族垂涎万尺的企业文化:牛仔裤、T-shirt衫的随意穿着,美餐、中餐、印度餐等一应俱全的大食堂,免费就医、洗衣、洗车的服务,甚至可以带上狗狗和滑板车一起上班……
谷歌的故事,举世瞩目。创始人的生活也为人津津乐道。今年5月,拉里·佩奇获邀在母校密歇根大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲。虽然已是成功典范,但拉里并没有夸夸其谈,他用诚挚的语言讲述自己家庭背景和人生经历,告诉大家人生中最宝贵的两样东西—梦想和亲友。
Class of 2009!First I’d like you to stand up, and wave and cheer your supportive family and friends!I’m sure you can find them out there.Show your love!
A long time ago, in this cold September of 1962, there was a Steven’s co-op at this very university.That co-op had a kitchen with a ceiling that had been cleaned by student volunteers probably every decade or so.picture a college girl named Gloria, climbing up high on a ladder, struggling to clean that filthy ceiling.Standing on the floor, a young boarder named Carl was admiring the view.And that’s how they met.They were my parents, so I suppose you could say I’m a direct result of that kitchen chemistry experiment, right here at Michigan.Everyone in my family went here to Michigan: my brother, my Mom, my Dad—all of us.My father’s father worked in the Chevy plant in Flint, Michigan.He was an assembly line worker.He drove his two children here to Ann Arbor, and told them: That is where you’re going to college.I know it sounds funny now.Both of his kids actually did graduate from Michigan.That was the American dream.What I’m trying to tell you, this is WAY more than a homecoming for me.I have a story about following dreams.Or maybe more accurately, it’s a story about finding a path to make those dreams real.You know what it’s like to wake up in the middle of the night with a vivid dream? And you know how, if you don’t have a pencil and 4)pad by the bed, it will be completely gone by the next morning?
Well, I had on
When I was here at Michigan, I had actually been taught how to make dreams real!I know it sounds funny, but that is what I learned in a summer camp converted into a training program called Leadershape.Their slogan is to have a “healthy disregard for the impossible”.That program encouraged me to pursue a crazy idea at the time: I wanted to build a personal rapid transit system on campus to replace the buses.I still think a lot about transportation—you never loose a dream, it just incubates as a hobby.Many things people labor hard to do now, like cooking, cleaning, and driving will require much less human time in the future.That is, if we “have a healthy disregard for the impossible” and actually build the solutions.I think it is often easier to make progress on mega-ambitious dreams.I know that sounds completely nuts.But, since no on
As a ph.D.student, I actually had three projects I wanted to work on.Thank goodness my advisor said, “Why don’t you work on the web for a while?” Technology and especially the Internet can really help you be lazy.Lazy? What I mean is a group of three people can write software that then millions can use and enjoy.Can three people answer the phone a million times? Find the everage in the world, so you can be truly lazy!
Overall, I know it seems like the world is crumbling out there, but it is actually a great time in your life to get a little crazy, follow your curiosity, and be ambitious about it.Don’t give up on your dream.The world needs you all!
So here’s my final story:
On a day like today, you might feel 12)exhilarated—like you’ve just been shot out of a cannon at the circus—and even invincible.Don’t ever forget that incredible feeling.But also: always remember that the moments we have with friends and family, the chances we have to do things that might make a big difference in the world, or even to make a small difference to the on 中文翻译： 2009届的同学们,首先我希望大家都站起来,向支持你们的亲朋好友挥手致意!我相信你们都能在人群中找到他们,把你们的爱表现出来吧! 很久以前,1962年的寒冷9月,这座校园里有一家史蒂文消费合作社。此合作社有一间厨房,那里的天花板由学生志愿者打扫,大概每十来年才一次吧。想象一下,画面上有位名叫格洛里亚的女大学生,爬上了高高的梯子,努力地打扫那脏兮兮的天花板。一位名叫卡尔的寄宿生站在地上,为该情景钦佩不已。这就是他俩的初次邂逅。他俩就是我的父母亲。所以我想你们会说,我就是这里——密歇根大学那个“厨房化学实验”的直接成果。 我们家的所有成员都毕业于密歇根大学:我哥哥、我妈妈和爸爸——我们全家。我的祖父在密歇根州弗林特的雪佛兰汽车工厂工作,他是装配线上的一名工人。他曾开车把两个孩子送到安娜堡这儿,并告诉他们:这是你们今后要上的大学。我知道现在听起来很好笑。他的两个孩子也的确从密歇根大学毕业。这就是“美国梦”。 我想告诉大家的是,来这儿对我的意义绝对不仅仅是重回旧地。我有个关于追寻梦想的故事,或者更确切地说,这是一个找到梦想成真之路的故事。 你们知道,午夜从一个逼真的梦境中醒来是什么感觉吗?你们知道如果床边没有纸笔,而第二天一早就忘个精光又会怎样吗? 喔,我23岁的时候,就做过一个那样的梦。我猛然惊醒,想着:如果我们能把整个网络下载下来,但仅保存链接会怎样?然后我抓起一支笔写了起来。有时候别做梦,及时醒来是非常重要的。我花了一个午夜描画出细节,并确信那是可以做得到的。不久后,我告诉我的导师特里·温诺格拉德,那要花几周时间来下载整个网络——他只是会意地点点头,他完全知道要花的时间其实长得多,但他很睿智,并没有告诉我。年轻人的乐观精神通常不可低估!令人惊讶的是,我当时没有想过要造一个搜索引擎。这一概念甚至没有进入我脑海。但很久以后,我们突然找到更好排列网页的方法,并造出一个非常好的搜索引擎——谷歌就这样诞生了。当伟大的梦想闪现时,抓住它吧! 我在密歇根大学上学时,其实就学过如何实现梦想。我知道这听起来很可笑,但那是我从一个由夏令营转化而来的名为“塑造领袖”的培训项目中学到的。该项目的口号就是“理性地藐视不可能”。那个项目激励着我追寻那时一个疯狂的想法:我想在校园内建立一套个人快速交通系统以代替公交。我直到现在还在思考很多有关交通的问题—你永不要放走梦想,而要把它当作一种习惯去培育。现在人们花很大力气干的很多事情,如做饭、清洁、驾驶,以后只会占用人们更少的时间。也就是说,如果我们“理性地藐视不可能”,并确实找到新的解决方案的话。 我认为,通常追寻雄心万丈的梦想更容易些。我知道这听起来完全是一派胡言。不过,既然没有别的人疯狂到会做这件事情,你就没有竞争对手了。优秀的人爱接受大挑战。这就是在谷歌发生的事情。我们的目标就是组合全球的信息,使其随手可得,随处可用。那怎么能不让大家兴奋呢?但是我们那时几乎启动不成谷歌,因为我和联合创始人谢尔盖都太担心拿不到博士学位。要是你觉得自己是暴风雨下人行道上的一条蚯蚓,那很可能你就真的走对路了。那就是我们刷爆了三张信用卡,从一辆货车的车尾买来硬盘后的感觉。那就是谷歌最早的硬件设备。家长和朋友们:多点信用卡总是有用的。如何用一句话总结你该如何改变世界?那就是在那些让人极度兴奋的事情上发奋努力。 当我在读博士的时候,其实我有三个项目是想做的。谢天谢地,我的导师对我说,“为什么你不先做一会网络的事呢?”科技,尤其是因特网真的能让人变懒。变懒?我的意思是一个三人的小组可以写出让数百万人喜爱使用的软件程序。但三个人可以接上百万次电话吗?找到撬起地球的杠杆,你就能真的懒起来。 总而言之,我知道这个世界看起来分崩离析,但这确是你们人生中一个伟大的时代,你们可以疯狂一点,追随自己的好奇心,雄心勃勃地实现它。不要放弃你们的梦想。世界需要你们所有人。 以下是我要说的最后一个故事: 就像今天的某一日,你们可能感到欣喜若狂,就像你刚从马戏团的大炮口被射了出来——甚至更加所向无敌。绝不要忘了那种难以名状的美妙感觉,但同时,也要永远记住和亲朋好友相聚的时刻,记住我们得做些可能会为世界带来巨变的事情的机会,或者只是为你所爱的人带来小变化的机会——所有生活给予我们美好机会,也能将它们带走。世事瞬息万变,比你设想的要快得多。 1996年3月下旬,就在我到斯坦福上研究生院不久,我爸爸呼吸出现困难,被送到医院。两个月后,他去世了。我当时几近崩溃了。许多年以后,在我重新振作后,在我谈恋爱后,在我体验了如此多的人生经历后,我发现自己总是想起我的爸爸。 如果我爸爸能活到今天,我想他最开心的莫过于看到露西和我即将拥有自己的孩子。如果他今天也能来到这里,噢,那将会是他人生中最美好的日子 之一。 我们中很多人都很幸运,能够在这里和家人们一起。我们中的一些还可以和亲友家人一起回家。请和他们保持亲密,并且记住:他们才是生命中真正至关重要的。 感谢妈妈,感谢露西。 同时,十分感谢大家。 拉里·佩奇(Larry Page，1973.03.26－)，全名劳伦斯·爱德华·佩奇(Lawrence Edward Page)，Google搜索引擎的创始人之一，2011年4月4日佩奇正式出任谷歌CEO。拉里·佩奇出生在美国密歇根州东兰辛市的一个犹太家庭，为美国密歇根大学安娜堡分校的毕业生，拥有理工科学士学位；因其出色的领导才能获得过多项荣誉，以奖励他对工学院的贡献。他曾担任密西根大学Eta Kappa Nu 荣誉学会的会长。其指导教授是 Terry Winograd 博士。Google 就是由 Page 在斯坦福大学发起的研究项目转变而来的。在斯坦福大学中，佩奇遇到了谢尔盖·布林。吃了无数个闭门羹之后佩奇和布林决定自己创业，但他们手中仅有的一点现金都因购买大量的数据盘和储存器作研究而花光了。他们的一位教师，也是SUN微系统的创始人之一安迪·别赫托希姆在关键时刻给予他们很大帮助。别赫托希姆确是个很有远见的人，在看完他们的演示后，立马开了张10万美元的支票帮助成立Google公司。之后两人又从家人朋友那里到处借钱，筹得100万美元作为最初投资。1998年9月7日，Google公司在加利福尼亚州的曼罗帕克成立。一个朋友租给佩奇和布林办公的车库在当时看来已经不错了，有一台洗衣机，还有热水器。他们雇用了第一位员工克雷格·希尔弗斯坦，现在希尔弗斯坦是Google公司的科技主管。1999年2月他们搬了新的办公室，虽然条件仍然简陋，但比车库好点，一张乒乓桌就作为正式的会议场所，8名员工在办公室里都转不过身，一个人要出门所有人都得起身挪开凳子才能腾出地方。 布林和佩奇两人合作得很好，并且吸引了一大批有能力且忠实的员工。创业之初办公室虽然简陋，他们仍尽可能为员工创造宽松的工作环境，他们在屋外的草坪上种上蘑菇，养了条狗，专门请厨师为员工做饭，每星期举行两次曲棍球比赛。公司现在已经拥有2000多名员工。布林说，他们必须让办公室成为员工们乐意呆的地方，因此现在每天为员工提供什么餐点甚至都成了两人的重大决策之一。 短短几年Google就迅速发展成为目前规模最大的搜索引擎，并向雅虎、美国在线等其他目录索引和搜索引擎提供后台网页查询服务。目前Google每天处理的搜索请求达2亿次，这一数字还在不断增长。通过对30多亿网页进行整理，Google可为世界各地的用户提供适合需求的搜索结果，而且搜索时间通常不到半秒钟。 Class of 2009!I don't think I heard you.Class of 2009!First I want you to stand up and wave and cheer your supportive family and friends!I am sure you can find them out there.Show your love!It is a great honor for me to be here today。 09届的同学们！来点激情给我个回应。各位同学，我希望大家站起来向支持你们的亲朋好友挥手致意。你们一定能在人群中找到他们，借此机会表达你们的爱吧！能站在这里我感到非常荣幸。 Now wait a second.I know:that's such a cliche.You're thinking: every graduation speaker says that-It's a great honor.But, in my case, it really is so deeply true being here is more special and more personal for me than most of you know.I'd like to tell you why.A long time ago,in this cold September of 1962,there was a Steven's co-op at this very university.That co-op had a kitchen with a ceiling that had been cleaned by student volunteers probably every decade or so。 等等，大家可能觉得有点矫情。“我很荣幸”这句话都说烂了。但真的是大实话，大家不知道：我对密歇根大学有特殊的感情。很久以前，1962年9月，天很冷，在密歇根大学里有一家餐厅，学生志愿者负责打扫厨房的天花板，大约十年才会打扫一次。 Picture a college girl named Gloria,climbing up high on a ladder,struggling to clean that filthy ceiling.Standing on the floor, a young boarder named Carl was admiring the view.And that's how they met.They were my parents,so I suppose you could say I'm a direct result of that kitchen chemistry experiment, right here at Michigan.My Mom is here with us today,and we should probably go find the spot and put a plaqueup on the ceiling that says: “Thanks Mom and Dad!” 想象一下：有个叫格洛丽亚的女学生，爬上了高高的梯子，努力地打扫脏兮兮的天花板。而一个叫卡尔的寄宿生在下面偷窥，这是他俩的初次邂逅，他们就是我父母。所以说，我是地地道道从密歇根大学厨房里造出来的，我母亲今天也来了。我想找到当年那个厨房，在天花板挂个匾上刻“感谢父母”！ Everyone in my family went here to Michigan:my brother, my Mom ,my Dad--all of us.My Dad actually got the quantity discount:He got all three and a half of his degrees here.His Ph.D.was in Communication Science because they thought Computers were just a passing fad when he earned it 44 years ago.He and Mom made a big sacrifice for that degree.They argued at times over pennies, while raising my newborn brother.Mom typed my Dad's dissertation by hand,kind of ironic of those computer science dissertation。 我的家人都毕业于密歇根大学：我哥、我父母、还有我。我爸在文凭数量上更胜一筹：他在这获得了三个半学位，其中一个是通信工程的博士。44年前，他们认为计算机火不了多久。为取得这个学位，爸妈做出了很大的牺牲。为了抚养刚出生的哥哥，省吃俭用。堂堂计算机博士，论文是我妈逐字敲出来的，讽刺吧？ This velvet hood I'm wearing, this was my Dad's.This diploma, yeah,this diploma I have here that just like the one you are about to get this is my Dad's.And my underwear, oh never mind, sorry.My father's father worked in the Chevy plant in Flint, Michigan.He was an assemblyline worker.He drove his two children here to Anna Arbor,and told them: That is where you're going to go to college.I know it sounds funny now.Both of his kids actually did graduate from Michigan.That was the American dream。 我身上这套博士服是我爸的，还有这张毕业证，跟你们即将拿到手的一样，也是我爸的。还有我的内裤，呃……算了。我的祖父曾在雪佛兰汽车厂工作，他曾开车带两个孩子来到安娜堡。告诉他们：你们以后要上这所大学！听起来挺扯。不过两个孩子确实都进了密歇根大学，这就是我们家的“美国梦”。 His daughter, Beverly, is also with us today.My Grandpa used to carry an “Alley Oop” hammer,a heavy iron pipe with a big hunk of lead melted on the end.The workers made them during the sit-down strikes to protect themselves.When I was growing up, we used that hammer whenever we needed to pound a stake or something into the yard.It is wonderful that most people don't need to carry a heavy blunt object for protection anymore.But just in case, I brought it with me.My Dad became a professor at uh…Michigan State,and I was an incredibly lucky boy.A professor's life is pretty flexible,and he was able to spend oodles of time raising me.Could there be a better upbringing than university brat? 我姑姑贝弗利今天也来了。爷爷以前经常扛着一个大铁锤，铁管上铸着大铅坨的那种。那是用来在静坐罢工时，保护自己的武器。小时候，我们常用它在后院打桩子。现在世道好了，大家不需要铁锤保护自己了。但以防万一，我还是把它带来了。后来我的父亲成为了一名教授，密歇根州立大学的教授，我很走运，因为教授的工作比较灵活，有大量的时间陪我。还有比这更棒的吗？ What I'm trying to tell you is that this is way more than just a homecoming for me.It's not easy for me to express how proud I am to be here,with my Mom, my brother and my wife Lucy, and with all of you,at this amazing institution that is responsible for my very existence.I am thrilled for all of you,and I'm thrilled for your families and friends,as all of us join this great, big Michigan family I feel I've been a part of all of all my life.What I'm also trying to tell you is that I know exactly what it feels like to be sitting in your seat,listening to some old gasbag give a long-winded commencementspeech.Don't worry.I'll be brief.I have a story about following dreams.Or maybe more accurately, it's a story about finding a path to make those dreams real。 我想要告诉大家的是：这次回来，意义非凡！我不知道该如何表达我的喜悦之情。今天和家人还有你们相聚在此，我无比激动！因为这里造就了我，我为你们感到骄傲，也为你们的家人和朋友感到骄傲，因为我们都是密歇根大家庭的一员，它是我生命中不可或缺的一部分。同时，我也知道你们现在坐在台下的感受：听我们这些老家伙絮叨，老生常谈。别担心，我不是话痨。我给大家讲个追梦的故事，确切地说是一个将梦想变为现实的故事。 You know what it's like,to wake up in the middle of the night with a vivid dream?And you know how, if you don't have a pencil and pad by the bed it will be completely gone by the next morning.I had one of those dreams when I was 23.When I suddenly woke up, I was thinking:what if we could download the whole web,and just keep the links and… I grabbed a pen and started writing!Sometimes it is important to wake up and stop dreaming.I spent the middle of that night scribbling out the details and convincing myself it would work。 想想看：午夜你从美梦中醒来，然后躺下接着睡回笼觉，第二天早上准会把昨晚的美梦忘个精光。我23岁时，就做过这样的美梦。我猛然惊醒，想把所有的网络内容下载下来，通过链接的方式保存。于是，我抓起笔就开始写。还好我把握住机会，从梦里及时醒来，花了一整晚研究出实现方案，自信满满。 Soon after, I told my advisor, Terry Winograd,it would take a couple of weeks for me to download the web-he nodded knowingly, fully aware it would take much longer but wise enough to not tell me.The optimism of youth is often underrated!Amazingly, at that time,I had no thought of building a search engine.The idea wasn't even on the radar.Much later we happened upon a better way of rankingand we made a really great search engine,and Google was born.When a really great dream shows up, grab it!When I was here at Michigan,I had actually been taught how to make dreams real! 我对导师Terry Winograd说：下载整个网络需要几周时间。他点点头，其实心里清楚需要更久。但他很明智，没打击我。年轻人的激情不可小视！不过那时，创造一个搜索引擎，对我而言是天方夜谭。我从没动过这个念头。很久以后，我们偶然找到了更好的排序方式。做出了一级棒的搜索引擎，谷歌就这么诞生了。所以，当梦想闪现时，抓住它吧！我在这儿念书时，曾学过如何梦想成真。 I know it sounds funny,but that is what I learned in a summer camp converted into a training program called Leadershape.Yes, we've got a few out there.Their slogan is to have a “healthy disregard for the impossible”.That program encouraged me to pursue a crazy idea at the time.I wanted to build a personal rapid transit system on campus to replace the buses.Yeah, you're still working on that I hear.It was a futuristic way of solving our transportation problem.I still think a lot about transportation you never lose a dream, it just incubates as a hobby.Many things that people labor hard to do now,like cooking, cleaning, and driving will require much less human time in the future.That is, if we “have a healthy disregardfor the impossible and actually build new solutions。 听起来有点扯，但我确实从 ”塑造领导力“夏令营中得到了启发。看，真的有人参加过的吧。我们的口号是“世上无难事只怕有心人“！我们被要求去实现自己看似疯狂的梦想。我想建立个人快速交通系统来替代公交，我知道你们还在研究。没准是今后解决交通问题的好方法。我时不时还在考虑交通问题，梦想不会消失，会变成习惯！我们现在花费精力做的事情，比如做饭、打扫、开车，今后占用的时间会越来越少，这不是天方夜谭。世上无难事，只怕有心人！ I think it is often easier to make progress on mega-ambitious dreams.I know that sounds completely nuts.But, since no one else is crazy enough to do it, you have little competition.In fact, there are so few people this crazy that I feel like I know them all by first name.They all travel as if they are pack dogs and stick to each other like glue。 The best people want to work on the big challenges.That is what happened with Google.Our mission is to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful.How can that not get you excited?But we almost didn't start Google actually because my co-founder Sergey and I were too worried about dropping out of our Ph.D.program.None of you have that issue it seems.You are probably on the right track, if you feel like a sidewalk worm during a rainstorm!That is about how we felt after we maxed out three credit cards buying hard disks off the back of a truck.That was actually the first hardware for Google。 我认为，自古精英出狂人。这话听起来挺没溜，但正因为别人没你疯狂。你的对手就很少事实上，狂人屈指可数。碰巧我都认识，他们比狗仔队还忙，比亲戚还走得近，乐于接受一个又一个挑战。谷歌就有这样一帮人，我们的任务是整合全世界的信息，使其随手可得，随时可用。碉堡吧？但谷歌差一点夭折，因为我和我的搭档Sergey担心丢了博士学位。好在你们已经毕业。当时我们坚信自己是一只暴风雨里的小小鸟，总有一天会飞得很高。即使刷爆了三张信用卡，买来谷歌的第一批硬盘，也不曾后悔。 Parents and friends:more credit cards always help.What is the one sentence summary of how you change the world?Always work hard on something uncomfortably exciting!As a Ph.D.student, I actually had three projects I wanted to work on.Thank goodness my advisor said,”why don't you work on the web for a while“.He gave me some seriously good advicebecause the web was growing with people and activity, even in 1995!Technology and especially the Internet can really help you be lazy.Lazy? What I mean is a group of three people can write software that millions can use and enjoy。 Can three people answer the phone a million times?Find the leverage in the world,so you can be truly lazy!Overall, I know it seems like the world is crumblingout there,but it is actually a great time in your life to get a little crazy, follow your curiosity, and be ambitious about it.Don't give up on your dreams.The world needs you all! 家长们，同学们。事实证明：多几张信用卡总是有用的，如果用一句话总结：如何改变世界。为了迷狂般的梦想而奋斗终生！其实在读博期间，我想参加三个项目。还好导师建议道：”为什么不先研究网络呢？“这个建议实在太好了，因为1995年网络就开始了迅猛发展。科技，尤其是网络确实能让人顺利变”懒“。你看三个人做的软件，能解决上百万人的需求问题，你让三个接线员回答上百万人的问题试试？只找到能撬起地球的杠杆，才能让人成功变懒。世界正在瞬息万变，但对你而言，这是个绝佳的时机！你可以不顾一切地追寻奇思，实现妙想，不要放弃梦想，世界需要你们！ So here's my final story:On a day like today, you might feel exhilarated —like you've just been shot out of a cannon at the circus and even invincible.Don't ever forget that incredible feeling.But also always remember that the moments we have with friends and family,the chances we have to do things that might make a big difference in the world,or even to make a small difference to the ones we love all those wonderful chances that life gives us,life also takes away.It can happen fast, and a whole lot sooner than you think.In late March 1996, soon after I had moved to Stanford for graduate school,my Dad had difficulty breathing and drove to the hospital.Two months later, he died.I was completely devastated.Many years later, after a startup, after falling in love,and after so many of life's adventures,I found myself thinking about my Dad.Lucy and I were far away in a steaming hot village walking through narrow streets。 我还想说个故事：如果某天你如现在这般欣喜若狂，就像从马戏团的炮口轰了出来，一头冲向蓝天。请铭记那一刻的美妙，同时请铭记那些和家人朋友共处的时光，铭记每一个上天赋予你改造世界的机遇，铭记为所爱的人做出的改变，铭记生活赋予的一切美好，但生活也能轻易将它夺走。人生无常，1996年3月下旬，我到斯坦福大学读研不久，我的父亲便因呼吸困难住进了医院。两个月以后，他去世了。我当时几乎崩溃，许多年后，我创业，恋爱。历生命的种种后，我总会想起我的父亲。我和Lucy去过一个偏远又炎热的村庄，在狭窄的街道上散步。 There were wonderful friendly people everywhere, but it was a desperately poor place.People used the bathroom inside and it flowed out into the open gutter and straight into the river.We touched a boy with a limp leg, the result of paralysis from polio.Lucy and I were in rural India, one of the few places where Polio still exists.Polio is transmitted fecal to oral, usually through filthy water.Well, my Dad had Polio.He went on a trip to Tennessee in the first grade and he caught it.He was hospitalized for two months and had to be transported by military DC-3 back home his first flight。 那里的人很友好，却极度贫穷。污水不经处理就径直流入饮水河道，我们遇到一个因小儿麻痹而瘸腿的小男孩。那是在印度村庄，少数还存在小儿麻痹症的地方。这种病主要归罪于污染的水源，我的父亲也有小儿麻痹症，他一年级去田纳西州旅行时患病，住院两个月后，由军用航班DC-3送回家，这是他第一次打飞的。 My Dad wrote,”Then, I had to stay in bed for over a year, before I started back to school.“That is actually a quote from his fifth grade autobiography.My Dad had difficulty breathing his whole life,and the Polio are what took him from us too soon.He would have been very upset,that Polio still persists even though we have a vaccine.He would have been equally upset that back in India we had polio virus on our shoes from walking through the contaminated gutters that spread the disease.We were spreading the virus with every footstep,right under beautiful kids playing everywhere.The world is on the verge of eliminating polio,with 328 people infected so far.Let's get it eradicated soon.Perhaps one of you will do that。 他在五年级的日记里写道：我必须在床上躺一年，不能上学。父亲一辈子呼吸困难，小儿麻痹症使他过早离开我们。现在即使有了疫苗，小儿麻痹症依然肆虐，在印度脚上的鞋子也会传播小儿麻痹症，穿过那被污染的携带着病毒的水沟，每走一步都在传播病毒，病毒横行于孩子们玩耍的每个角落，人类正在努力消灭小儿麻痹症。到目前为止，还有328例感染病例。让我们加速这一进程吧，也许你们中就有人能够实现这个目标。 My Dad was valedictorian of Flint Mandeville High School class of 1956 about 90 kids.I happened across his graduating speech recently, and it blew me away.53 years ago my Dad said: ”…we are entering a changing world,one of automation and employment change where education is an economic necessity.We will have increased periods of time to do as we wish,as our work week and retirement age continue to decline and we wish that were true.We shall take part in, or witness, developmentsin science, medicine, and industry that we can only dream of today.It is said that the future of any nation can be determined by the care and preparation given to its youth。 我父亲曾作为学生代表在毕业典礼上致辞。我最近看到他的毕业演讲，震住了。他说，这是一个瞬息万变的时代，一个科学技术和人才就业在不断变革的时代，教育成为发展的必需品。我们有更多的时间做想做的事，因为工时减少，退休提前，我们期待这一刻的到来。参与或见证科学、医学、工业的飞速发展。人们说，一个国家的未来取决于对年轻人培养。 If all the youths of America were as fortunate in securing an education as we have been,then the future of the United Stateswould be even more bright than it is today."If my Dad were alive today,the thing I think he would be most happy about is that Lucy and I have a baby in the hopper.I think he would have been annoyed that I hadn't gotten my Ph.D.yet.thanks, Michigan! 如果所有美国青年能像我们一样接受教育，美国的前景会更加光明；如果父亲还在世，他会为即将出世的小孙子而高兴，也我没获得博士学位而揪心。感谢密歇根大学！ Dad was so full of insights,of excitement about new things,that to this day, I often wonder what he would think about some new development.If he were here today.well, it would be one of the best days of his life.He'd be like a kid in a candy store.For a day, he'd be young again.Many of us are fortunate enough to be here with family.Some of us have dear friends and family to go home to.And who knows, perhaps some of you, like Lucy and I, are dreaming about future families of your own.Just like me, your families brought you here,and you brought them here。 他对于新事物总有着敏锐的观察，并充满热情。我时常幻想，他会如何看待现在的变化。如果他还在，这会是他人生中最美好的时光。他会像在糖果店的孩子那样开心，我们大部分人都很幸运，有家人为伴，有朋友相随，可能有些人正在憧憬和另一半的未来。当初家人带你来此读书，如今他们见证你毕业。 Please keep them close and remember:they are what really matters in life.Thanks, Mom;Thanks, Lucy.And thank you, all, very much。 请务必珍惜！记住——他们才是你们生命中最重要的人！谢谢你妈妈！谢谢你 Lucy！谢谢大家！ 哈拉奇乡卫生院基本情况简介 哈拉奇乡位于阿合奇县西南部，距离县城45公里。现有人口2008户8324人，99%以上为柯尔克孜族，是全县人口大乡。 哈拉奇乡卫生院是中心卫生院，建于1958年，具有50多年辉煌历程。2008年，利用国债项目和自筹100万元（项目资金35万元）建成，建筑面积1200平方米，设有内科、儿科、产科，床位20张。卫生院编制25人，现有正式医护人员13名，其中医生9人（取得医师资格证的1人），护士3人（取得护士上岗证的2人），工勤1名（配备铁克列克组卫生室），招聘人员7名，其中医生1人，护士5人，工人1人。配备了专职的防疫及妇幼专干。 一、新农合工作开展情况 哈拉奇乡新农合参合人数达到了100%，附加医疗参合人数达到了88%，门诊补偿乡卫生院合作医疗补偿年封顶是500元，村卫生室300元，附加医疗年补偿封顶是100元。住院补偿县乡目录内补偿达到100%。今年预付款合作医疗为10万，附加医疗为12万，截至到今年10月已收入门诊合作医疗6.7万，附加医疗10万，住院新农合补偿金额330747.93元，住院大病统筹补偿金额142535.65元。 二、国家基本药物配备和使用情况 自实施国家基本药物制度以来，乡村两级基层医疗卫生机构根据《新疆维吾尔自治区新型农牧区合作医疗基本药品目录（2010年版）》和《自治区基层医疗卫生机构基本药品采购目录》开始严格执行零差率，今年6月以来覆盖人口达到8324人，覆盖率为100%。乡镇卫生院实行绩效考核制，我县财政拿出一部分资金实行了乡镇卫生院“挣一补一”政策，并对乡卫生院实行民汉双配制，对院长、书记实行竞聘上岗制度。 三、健全基层医疗卫生服务体系 首先对人才的培养我们实行州培训、县学习，院职工对双语进行了深入学习，提高了专业技术和服务水平，今年新增医护人员2名，现有村级宣传员3名，村医8名。其次我们开展了无锡专家巡回医疗活动，设立了巴扎专家门诊，全年共计开展活动为10次。最后我们提高了村级卫生室的服务水平，现在我们可以做到头疼、感冒、发烧等小病不出村，并对村医月工资提高到500元。 四、建立居民健康档案及妇幼工作方面： 去年建立电子健康档案4320人，建档率54%，高血压病人58人，精神病12人，孕产妇住院分娩率达到98%、高危孕产妇分娩率达到100%。今年我乡新生儿出生 178 人，其中乡卫生院接生51人，其余在县人民医院接生，乡卫生院平产接生包干是500元，农牧民不承担任何费用。2011年哈拉奇乡的新生儿免疫规划建卡率100%，脊髓灰质炎强化免疫接种率99.5%。2012年1月到现在新建立电子健康档案819人，共5139人完成。 五、建立快捷有效的医保体系 目前卫生院对农牧民合作医疗及城镇医保人员建立社保联网体系，凡参保人员都能及时进行结算，从根本上解决了因病返贫的现象，提高了患者满意度也提升了基层医疗机构的服务水平，有效缓解了群众看病难的问题，实现了医改的根本目标。 六、今后的工作计划 1、八月低全面完成建立居民健康档案工作。2、3月15日开始各村卫生室预防保健医疗开展工作。3、4月15日以前妇幼保健，预防保健，儿童保健等各种档案做好。4、4月开始每月一次开展各村巡回医疗工作。 5、做好3月15日及4月15日的两次脊髓灰质炎强化免疫工作。 6、掌握今后的业务人员轮岗培训工作。 7、严格执行安全行业工作。 以上是我乡工作情况介绍，请考察组多提宝贵意见和建议。 《贝弗里奇报告》读书笔记 《贝弗里奇报告——社会保险和相关服务》是社会保障发展史上具有划时代意义的著作，它为英国福利国家的建立奠定了理论基础，同时对欧洲福利国家的建立也有深远的影响。在阅读过程中，我对报告的目的之一——消除贫困比较感兴趣。他在原文中这样表述： 摆脱贫困之路 11.部际协调委员会的工作从回顾英国现行的社会保险方案和相关服务开始，以出炉社会保障计划收尾。该计划首先分析了英国贫困的成因。在第二次世界大战前的那些年份里，英国有很多家庭和个人生活在贫困线以下。一些中立的、没有任何政治色彩的科研机构对英国一些大城市的生活状况进行了社会调查。这些城市包括伦敦、利物浦、设菲尔德、普利茅斯、南安普顿、约克郡和布里斯托尔。他们测定了每个城市生活在贫困线以下的人口的比例，分析了贫困的程度和原因。虽然被调查的城市各不相同，但调查的结果却惊人的相似。根据事先严格设定的贫困的标准，在调查显示的所有贫困人口中，约有3／4--5／6是因为中断或丧失谋生能力致贫的。至于剩下1／6--1／4的贫困人口，其致贫原因基本上可以归结为家庭人口太多，虽有收人但不足以支撑整个家庭。在这些调查结束之后，英国出台了补充性养老金计划，老年贫困人口数量有所减少，但这并不影响调查得出的主要结论:只有通过社会保险并根据家庭需要进行双重收人再分配才能摆脱贫困。 12．要消除贫困，首先要改进国家保险，也就是说，国家要为中断或丧失谋生能力者提供生活保障。现行的社会保险方案涵盖了所有导致收人中断或丧失的主要因素。尽管如此，仍有数量众多的失业者、患病者、老年人及丧偶者缺乏足够的收人，不能维持社会调查确定的基本生活标准。这说明他们得到的保险待遇水平太低或者享受期太短，而且补充保险提供的补助金额也不足，或者是享受条件过于苛刻，以致人们不愿意申领。事实上，在设计战前提供的社会保险待遇时，根本没有考虑社会调查所设定的基本生活标准。虽然失业保险待遇在某些方面考虑了这些标准，使失业者能够生活在贫困线以上，但疾病和伤残待遇、老年人养老金和丧偶者养老金的水平要比这些标准低得多，对有家庭赡养或抚养义务及工作收人低于基本生活标准两倍的工人来说，其获得的工伤赔偿的金额也不足以养家糊口。为了防止因谋生能力中断或丧失而导致贫困，有必要从以下三个方面对现行的社会保险方案做一些改进:一是扩大覆盖对象范围;二是扩大覆盖风险范围;三是提高待遇标准。 13．要消除贫困，其次要根据家庭需求调整收人，也就是说，要根据家长是否有收人及收人多少对儿童提供某种形式的补助。如果不对子女众多的大家庭提供类似的补助作为社会保险待遇的一部分或作为附加待遇，那么社会保险就难以真正抵御收人中断所带来的风险。但是如果仅在家长收人中断时对儿童提供补助，那么以下两力面的不良影响就难以避免。第一，子女多的低收人工人仍然深陷严重贫困难以自拔;第二，这些工入在失业时或工作中断时所得到的各种福利将高子其工作所得。 14．如果通过社会保险和子女补贴来进行双重收人再分配，那么英国早在第二次世界大战前就可以消除社会调查所定义的贫困。如第}5段所示，英国，人的可支配收人是足以实现这个日标的。该报告第五部分所展示的社会保障计划提出，要在战后消除贫困，并把强制性社会保险作为实现该目标的主要手段，把国民救助和自愿保险作为补充手段。该计划还指出，成功的社会保险有赖于三个必要假定:假定A是为未成年儿童发放补贴;假定B是建立一套全方位的、综合性的灰疗和康复服务体系;假定C是维持就业，避免发生大规模的失业。这三个假定的部分内容超出了计划自身的范畴，属于其他社会政策领域。因此该报告将对这三个假定的详细论述安排在了第六部分而非第五部分里。第六部分主要是讨论社会保障和其他相关议题的关系。 从中我们可以看出作者认为消除贫困的方法主要是完善社会保险和儿童补助，同时把国民救助和自愿保险作为补充手段。作者在文中没有对城市和农村贫困进行区分，我想是因为欧洲的农民也是受雇于农场主的产业工人，和城市居民无差别。作者根据一些非政府组织的调查报告，认为贫困原因主要是两个方面：一是中断或丧失谋生能力，二是家庭人口太多，无力抚养。丧失谋生能力我想主要有下面几个原因：失业、年老、疾病等，毫无疑问，这些通过相应的失业保险、养老保险、医疗保险都能在一定程度上缓解人们的困境。对在领取失业金时间已满的人，又有国民救助进行帮助，能够维持其基本生存能力。我想这就是作者所说的多层次的立体的保障计划。 目前，我国实行的社会保障体系和贝弗里奇在多年前描述的计划并无太大差别。都是把社会保障作为基本的政策，再同时辅以社会救助等政策力图建立完善的覆盖面广的社会保障系统。差别是贝弗里奇的政策目的是消除贫困，而我国是为了与经济改革配套。 我对这一系统中最感兴趣的是社会救助。总所周知，英国等福利国家因为其对失业等人员过度的救助和福利，造成了福利病。对国家和社会都产生了不小的影响。而我国，目前实行的单纯的现金救助一方面国家本身负担很重；另一方面，低保户对国家依赖很强，丧失了摆脱贫困的积极性。所以，我认为社会救助应该更多的让救助者去独立，而不是依赖。从我们国家来说，享受低保人群中有超过半数以上的人员是年富力强有劳动能力的人。当然也有丧失劳动能力的人。为了使享受低保人群中有就业能力的人群能够就业，应该对容易就业的城市低保申请人和无劳动能力不容易就业的申请人应区别对待、有针对性地适度放宽银行贷款、加强职业教育和职业培训。对区别对待低保人群中有无劳动能力的情况，我感觉很有必要。我们不能一刀切，一风吹。如果不加区别对待，都是简单的进行物质帮助，那么那些享受低保的人群会形成低保依赖，不会积极主动地去寻求工作，这样一来，一方面人力资源没有得到充分的利用，是人力资源的浪费，另一方面，国家压力也太大，低保制度难以为继。对有针对性的适度发放银行贷款这一点，对低保人群也是可行的。现在国家鼓励自主创业，低保人群中肯定也会有相当一部分人群希望为自己打工。但是可能以为缺乏必要的资金来启动创业项目。这个时候，如果能够针对他们的这一需求发放小额贷款，解决他们的困难，这样对消除低保人群也是有益的尝试。但是，其中存在还贷风险的问题，拿啥作抵押，由谁担保，这些问题必须明确化，我想社区居委会在深入基层，充分调查，了解低保户家庭情况下，可以承担这一工作。加强就业培训和职业教育这点毫无疑问，这是很重要的，我认为这点比每月发的低保金更加重要。授人以鱼不如授人以渔，低保制度应该更重视造血而不是输血。加强职业教育和培训，使他们有一技之长，能够满足劳动力市场的需求，获得合适的工作。这样一来，既满足了市场对技术工人的需求，也解决了低保人群的就业问题，帮助其摆脱贫困状态。第三篇：谷歌创始人拉里·佩奇密歇根大学毕业典礼演讲中英双字
第四篇：哈拉奇乡解说材料
第五篇：贝弗里奇报告读书笔记
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