nature投稿准则

第一篇：nature投稿准则

Nature投稿总则

在Nature杂志上发表科学论文的准则是：

．报道原始科学研究（主要成果和结论不得在其它地方发表过或投过稿，请见后面的“投稿指南”）

．具有突出的科学重要性

．令有关的学科读者感兴趣。

在Nature杂志上发表的论文在科学家之中和在一般大众中具有极广泛的影响。

谁决定哪篇论文能发表

Nature杂志对每周所投来的170篇论文只能发表其中的10%左右，因此其选稿标准是极其严格的。

对于哪篇论文能使广大读者感兴趣的评判，是由Nature杂志的编辑，而不是审稿员作出的。原因之一是，每位审稿员只能读到所投来稿件中的很小一部分，而编辑却能看到所有的来稿，就能具有更宽阔的视野。

Nature杂志并未聘用一个由资深科学家组成的编辑委员会也不隶属于任何特定的科学学会或科学机构，因此它避免了某些编辑委员会成员因学术观点或种族偏见在决定取舍时受到影响，也缩短了作出决定所需的时间。

由于Nature杂志的编辑有权决定发表哪篇论文，因此决定取舍就较快，在学科之间较公平，这些决定也不受外来干扰。

一篇来稿的编辑过程

有意向Nature杂志投稿的作者首先须参考“投稿指南”，这可以很容易地从以PDF格式读取或直接向Nature杂志索取。遵照这一“投稿指南”将保证来稿的水平、长度和格式（特别是图片和表格的编排）能符合Nature杂志的要求，也将减少处理来稿时所需的时间。来稿不但需要5份拷贝，还应提交已在其他地方发表过的或与所投稿件相关的论文。

1．对一篇新投稿的论文的第一道关卡是编辑部面员判断该论文能否引起广泛兴趣而是否需送交同行评议。这一决定主要是由对此课题最了解的编辑作出，但还要向特约科学顾问（通过电话或电子邮件）征求非正式咨询，并在几位编辑部同仁之间就该论文进行讨论以取得一致意见。所以最好随该论文附有一封自荐信，简要说明作者为何认为该论文适于在Nature杂志发表而不应在该领域的某种优秀专业杂志上发表。

把一篇论文送交同行评议的初始标准是科研成果新颖、引入注意（出入意料或令人吃惊），而且该项研究看来在该领域之外具有广泛的意义。初始评判并不是对所陈述研究的科学正确性的反映，或它对该领域人员的重要性的反映。

2．一旦编辑们对某一篇论文原则上具有足够兴趣，既可送交审稿员，对审稿员的挑选通常是由对相关课题最熟悉以及将处理同一领域其它论文的编辑作出。大多数论文要同时送交2-3位审稿员，但有些论文会送交更多位审稿员，或者偶尔也会只送交一位审稿员。在挑选特定的审稿员时所考虑的因素中包括：

．该审稿员是否具有明确地、公平地评估该论文的专业背景

．是否能考虑到相关的论文

．该审稿员近来是否评审过其它论文

．该审稿员是否能在所要求的时间内评审该论文。

审稿员的报告

理想的审稿员报告会指出

．谁将对这些新研究成果感兴趣及其原因

．在作者的立论得以确立之前必须指出其专业失误。

虽然Nature的编辑本身能判断一篇论文是否能让其他领域的读者感兴趣，审稿员往往能提出很有帮助的咨询意见，例如所陈述的研究工作并不像编辑所想的那样重大，或者低估了自身的意义。

虽然Nature的编辑认为审稿员所指出的任何专业失误很重要，但他们对于是否录用该论文并不严格受审稿员观点的束缚。Nature的编辑可能会再次征求审稿员的意见，所投稿件在审稿员看来能否可在不丢失基本

信息的前提下浓缩成一封来信。

竞争者

一位Nature编辑打算送审一篇论文时，若审稿员也正在从事着与论文内容相竞争的研究工作，从而有可能影响其观点。为了避免这种利益冲突，Nature杂志要求候选的审稿员在承担任务之前公开任何的冲突或商业利益，并要求审稿员不得复印论文或在未被聘请为审稿员的同事中传阅。

Nature杂志欢迎作者推荐合适的独立审稿员（附具体联系办法），但编辑有权不使用这些审稿员。Nature杂志尊重作者提出的关于不把论文送交一个或两个（但不是更多）竞争小组审稿的要求。Nature杂志的经验是，竞争者们往往会很热情地推荐他们认为优秀的论文。速度

Nature杂志尽可能快地对所收到的稿件作出决定。如果论文未被考虑，作者通常在一周之内会得到通知。（届时并不通知作者其论文已经送交审稿，但会通知作者一个登记号码，在今后有关此论文的所有通讯中都将引用此号码）。

Nature杂志尽一切可能迅速提交审稿员的报告。大多数审稿员遵从与Nature杂志的预先约定，在7天或其它协商好的时限内作出关于一篇论文的审稿报告，大多数审稿员通过电子邮件送交报告。如果审稿员未能在商定的时间内递交报告，编辑部将用电话、传真或电子邮件催促。

极重要论文

当然，每位作者均认为自己的论文很重要，特别是在那些竞争性较强领域更是如此，往往要求尽可能给予最快的处理。Nature杂志对所到的全部稿件都力争提供这种服务。

在特殊场合，所收到的论文陈述的研究对于编辑来说确属非常重要，以致认为须特殊提出审稿要求。如果编辑知道与此有竞争的类似研究正在其它刊物的编辑印刷中，Nature杂志将提供一种快捷程序，能在48小时内对一篇论文进行审稿。并且在预期审稿报告中不要求作出重大修改的情况下，在收到审稿报告之前就进行排版。在类似这样非常罕见的情况下，有可能在投搞的两周之内即能发表。

决定

一旦收到了所有的审稿员对一篇论文的报告后，负责这篇论文的编辑就要写一篇包括该论文的内容及审稿员意见的摘要、一篇推荐，并起草一封给作者的信供与其他编辑进行内部讨论之用，包括生物学或理科的编辑。因此，Nature杂志能保证所有编辑所采用的准则是一致的，也能保证论文受到了同行专业的评审。

一旦编辑们达成了共识，一封关于决定采用稿件的信会连同审稿员的报告（匿名，除非审稿员明确要求署名）发送给作者，通常采用传真或电子邮件。

决定信意味着什么

Nature杂志编辑的信将向一篇论文的作者提供如下意见：

．该论文被采用发表，作者无需作进一步的修改。但实际中，这种情况极少存在。

．一旦作者按审稿员的评述作一些修改后，原则上该论文就会被录用发表。在此情况下，修改后的稿件不再第二次送给审稿员征求意见，只要编辑核查了审稿员的建议已经被采纳，该稿件就被录用。

．在作者未按审稿员的评述作出反应之前，关于发表该论文的最后决定会被推迟。在这些情况下，作者会被要求做进一步实验解决某些或全部审稿员所提出的问题，再把修改后的论文寄回某些或全部审稿员以征求第二次意见。修改稿应包括对所有审稿员的所有评述逐点作出回答。

．由于审稿员提出了相当多的专业反对意见，以及/或作者所声称的结论未能充分地成立，该论文被拒绝。在这些情况下，决定信将明确指出是否能考虑接受再次投稿。如果编辑请作者再次投稿，作者应确保所有审稿员的评述获得满意的解决（而不单是其中几位），并且修改稿应包括对审稿员评述逐点作出的回答。只有当负责该论文的编辑认为作者对所有审稿员的批评意见作出认真的改进而不是小修小改后，再次投稿才会被送回到审稿者。（仅作小修小改的论文将被退还作者，而不会送回审稿者。）

．该论文被拒绝，并不重新考虑再次投来修改稿的可能性。在这些情况下，作者被明确告知，不应把修改稿再次投稿，因为很可能修改稿会在没有得到审稿的情况下退回。如作者认为自己有一个非常重要的科学案例需要被再次考虑（例如审稿员漏过了该论文的要点），他们可以以书面形式提出申诉。但考虑到Nature杂志篇幅极其有限，并且任何时候都有大量的优秀论文处于被考虑之中，编辑们不可能给予这些申诉以优先的考虑。

请注意，在初次投稿后很少有不作重大修改而发表的论文。Nature杂志对于其发表而感到十分自豪的一些论文，原先并非十分强，但却能引起兴趣，然而在审稿员和编辑的广泛关注后才真正变得引人注目。

第二篇：Man or nature

1、Man or nature, which do you think is more

powerful? 1: As we all know, men can not live without the earth, at least for now.Nature has the power to destroy everything in the world.Therefore, to live longer, people are trying their best to find another planet to settle down.2: Perhaps it disturbs many people that, man or nature, which you think is more powerful.What do you think of it, 3? 3: I don’t believe that nature can destroy the world we live.If it blows down our buildings, we can build another one.The firm faith won’t be put an end, that’s the most important thing which nature cannot defeat.2: Yeah, I can’t agree more.The scientists are now exploring the universe to find a planet which is fit for human living on.Obviously, men are so powerful for their smart mind and never give up spirit.Nothing could beat human-beings.4: Well, I have something to say.Universe is a misery for us at present.What if we can’t find other planets to live on? Don’t you see that nature is punishing us in its own way.We have to watch the disasters happen but with nothing to do.1: Yeah, people have suffered a lot from the natural calamities.However, we haven’t found a proper planet.3: But I still hold the true faith that men can make it as long as they never give up.4: Everyone’s points of view differ.However, no matter which is more powerful, we should take measures to protect our own home.

第三篇：人与自然 People and Nature

地球是我们赖以生存的家园，人类在这个地球上快乐地生活了一代又一代。它为我们提供了丰富的生活资源。例如：我们每天不可缺少的淡水、优美的自然环境和清新的空气，而且她还生活着我们人类共同的朋友——动物和植物。

The earth is our home living, human on earth in this happy life from one generation to another.It provides us with abundant resources of life.For example: our everyday indispensable fresh water, beautiful environment and fresh air, and she also lives with our common human friends--animal and plant.可是，随着科学技术的不断发展，人们在享受自然的同时，却又无情地在不断破坏着这个给我们提供赖以生存的条件的自然环境。南极的黑洞、河流的污染以及电视上频频报道的洪涝灾害和某种生物的濒临绝种等等这一切都是我们破坏和谐自然所付出的沉重代价。

However, with the development of science and technology, people in the enjoyment of nature at the same time, but ruthlessly in breaking this gives us the conditions for the survival of the natural environment.The black hole, the pollution of the river and on TV has been flooding and some

biological endangered and so on which we are all destroyed natural harmony paid heavy price.近年来，全球气候变暖，最高气温达到了40摄氏度左右。由于水资源的日渐匮乏，不仅对农业生产造成了极大的危害，而且还威胁着人们的生活用水。这些环境的变化，让我们原本和谐的自然环境，早已变得千疮百孔。

In recent years, the global climate warming, the maximum temperature reached 40 degrees celsius.Due to the growing scarcity of water

resources, not only on the agricultural production caused great harm, but

also a threat to people living water.These changes in the environment, let us was originally a harmonious natural environment, have already become in a disastrous state.迄今为止，人类仍然没能停止对地球环境无情的破坏。任意的捕杀各种动物，肆意的破坏森林资源，让我们这一代人有时候只能借助于文献资料去认识某种已经绝迹了的生物。

So far, people still can't stop the relentless destruction of earth

environment.Any of various animal killing, wanton destruction of forest resources, let us this generation person sometimes resorted to literature to understand some extinct creatures.现在甚至连我们的母亲河“黄河”也无可避免的遭受到人类的严重破坏。黄河经常爆发的洪水，让农民伯伯的房屋和田地都被冲跨。是谁做的呢？是人类，一切都是因为他们乱砍乱伐的行为造成的恶果。如果大家都懂得尊重环境、爱护环境，那么就不会有今天这样的生存局面。

Even our mother river “ the Yellow River ” are inevitably subjected to

human serious damage.The Yellow River often flooding, let farmer houses and fields were red cross.Who did it? It is human, all because they deforestation behavior result.If everyone know how to respect the environment, protect the environment, then there will be no today's survival situation.今天人们所谓的珍惜动物，大多都是受到了人类的残杀和自然环境的破坏，日益稀少后才被人类重视起来的。吃野生动物的现象在这个社会上越来越普遍。你可曾想过？有一天，你以前嘴里所吃小动物的就是今后被人们认为的国宝！你可曾想过？如果我们在吃一种弱小的野生动物的同时，再去拯救另外一种将要绝迹的野生动物，那样就可以做到真正的生态平衡吗？

Today people called treasure animal, mostly from human carnage and destruction of the natural environment, the increasingly scarce before being human attention.Eat wild animal phenomenon in the society is more and more prevalent.Have you ever thought of that? One day, your mouth eating small animal 's future is considered to be the national treasure!Have you ever thought of that? If we eat a small wild animal at the same time, to save another will be extinct in the wild animal, so we can do the real ecological balance?

☆★☆原创 People and Nature 人与自然 英语作文☆★☆

第四篇：the nature of prejudice 讲义

When you see this picture, I guess you may think I am going to talk about the movie Pride and Prejudice.No!Today our group will talk about the prejudice intercultural studies.（PPT Page 1）First I will talk about the definition of prejudice and 5 forms of prejudice the each of them I will give examples to show you the next partner ChenMiaoNa will talk about major prejudice in the world and the last partner XuRuRu will talk about how to reduce prejudice.The world prejudice stemmed from the Latin.……（PPT Page 2）

The briefest of all definitions of prejudice is ……（PPT Page 2）

Here are my examples.In ancient of china, we Chinese had prejudice to females.Even the Chinese characters.Besides there also is some sayings about looking down upon females.For example, the Confucius said long hair little brains（PPT Page 3）

And nowadays there exists prejudice to women.For example in application to a job.Women should make promise about give birth to a child in three years or she must be married.That’s too unfair for women.（PPT Page 3）

I will talk about thinking ill of others without sufficient warrant in detail.（PPT Page 4）

For example, there is prejudice to gays and lesbians homosexuality.The oppose people think ill of them and dislike them.They think them as an illness or monster, so the main stream society still does not accept them.（PPT Page 5）

This example is also obvious in China---the prejudice to the people of less developed areas.Some cities’ primary schools don’t accept their children.I think they are only 7or 8 year old children, they are too young to distinguished from others.They are also diligent and smart..（PPT Page 5）

Besides, prejudice has the emotional flavor of favorableness.This means prejudice prefer to some things.But all prejudices are wrong.For example, college graduates have the hesitation of going to big cities or going to small towns.Big cities have more competitions.Many of them are favor of the big cities.That’s also a prejudice in big cities also have more housing problems transport problems and so on.（PPT Page 6）

I think……（PPT Page 7）

Next, I'll introduce 5 representation forms of prejudice here it’s distinguished from certain degrees of negative actions……（PPT Page 8-9）

Think you（PPT Page 10）

第五篇：作文Human and nature

Human and nature

It is known to us that the nature is more than important to our human beings.It does a lot of great contributions to us.The nature can provide us with food, fresh air, fuel, water and so on in order to satisfy our needs.In other words, we our living depend on it.We can not live without them.We should spare no effort to protect our nature from damaging.However, in recent years, Thousand of trees have been cut down and the air was polluted so seriously.People do quite a lot of harm to the nature in order to gain their own profit.As a result, we are gradually receiving the earth’s punishment.Now we are lacking of energy and facing the environment problem.If the human beings continue to destroy the earth., one day human would be killed by theirselves.In conclusion, nature is our good friend.We should treat them friendly.It is we everyone’s duty to protect the nature.We should call on everyone to take actions to protect the nature and creat our beautiful home together.In the meantime, the government should take measure to punish those who destroy the earth.Let the nature benefit of mankind.