政府工作报告——2002年3月5日在第九届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上(朱镕基)（范文大全）

第一篇：政府工作报告——2002年3月5日在第九届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上(朱镕基)

2002年政府工作报告

——2002年3月5日在第九届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上

国务院总理朱镕基

各位代表：

现在，我代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

首先报告２００１年的工作。

新世纪第一年，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，面对复杂多变的国际形势，克服困难，阔步前进，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得了新的重大成就。

国民经济保持良好发展势头。在世界经济增长明显减速的情况下，我们坚持扩大内需的方针，坚定地实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，实现了经济较快增长。２００１年国内生产总值达到９５９３３亿元，比上年增长７．３％。经济结构调整取得积极进展。农业结构有所优化，优质、专用农产品增加。信息、生物等高新技术产业快速发展。传统工业改造和淘汰落后生产能力有较大进展。基础设施建设取得显著成绩，完成了一批公路、铁路、江河干堤、水利枢纽和农村电网改造等重点项目。西部大开发起步顺利，青藏铁路、西电东送等重大项目相继开工。经济增长质量和效益进一步提高。全年规模以上工业企业实现利润４６５７亿元，增长８．１％。税收大幅度增长，全国财政收入达到１６３７１亿元，按可比口径增加２４００亿元。金融运行平稳。居民消费价格总水平上升０．７％。外贸进出口总额突破５０００亿美元，其中出口２６６２亿美元，增长６．８％。外商直接投资４６８亿美元，增长１４．９％。国际收支状况良好，年末国家外汇储备达到２１２２亿美元，比上年末增加４６６亿美元。人民币汇率稳定。国民经济沿着持续快速健康发展的轨道前进。

经济体制改革进一步深化。国有企业改革继续推进，现代企业制度建设加快。国家向重点企业派出的监事会作用加强。企业重组、改组工作积极推进。一批资源枯竭的矿山和严重资不抵债、扭亏无望的企业，通过关闭、破产退出市场。粮食、棉花流通体制改革取得成效。完善城镇社会保障体系和农村税费改革试点进展顺利。城镇职工基本医疗保险制度、医疗卫生体制和药品生产流通体制三项改革稳步推进。清理和减少了行政审批事项。整顿和规范市场经济秩序取得阶段性成果，仅对制假售假违法活动立案查处的就达１２０多万起，有力地打击了经济领域的违法犯罪分子。

科技、教育和社会事业全面发展。新的“８６３计划”、科技攻关计划和重点基础研究计划开始实施。国家创新体系建设继续推进。一批国家高新技术产业化重大项目正式启动。科技体制改革继续深化。基础教育和职业教育进一步加强，素质教育全面推进。全国普通高校招生２６８万人，比上年增加４８万人。高校管理体制和后勤社会化改革进展顺利。资源保护、环境治理和生态建设明显加强。退耕还林和天然林保护工程建设取得成效。重点流域和区域污染防治得到加强，部分城市环境质量有所改善。社会主义精神文明和民主法制建设继续推进。社会科学、文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视、医药卫生、计划生育和体育等各项事业取得新成绩。城市社区和农村基层政权建设得到加强。农村“三个代表”学习教育活动深入进行。民族、宗教和侨务工作进一步加强。廉政建设和反腐败斗争力度加大，成绩显著。“严打”整治斗争和社会治安综合治理取得初步成效，依法铲除一批黑恶势力犯罪团伙，惩治了一批严重刑事犯罪分子。国防和军队现代化建设迈出新步伐。

城乡人民生活继续改善。城镇居民人均可支配收入实际增长８．５％。中央财政和地方财政大幅度增加了社会保障支出。国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金，基本上做到按时足额发放。城市居民最低生活保障的覆盖人数，由年初的４００多万人扩大到年末的１１２０多万人。国家提高了机关事业单位职工工资和离退休人员养老金水平，增加了企业离退休人员基本养老金。以上几项，仅中央财政当年就增加支出６２１亿元。农民人均纯收入实际增长４．２％。通过加快农村电网改造和整顿电价，降低农村用电价格，减轻了农民负担。城乡市场繁荣，居民住、行条件进一步改善。

去年，我们隆重庆祝了中国共产党成立８０周年，江泽民总书记发表“七一”重要讲话，阐述了“三个代表”思想的科学内涵和重大意义。党的十五届六中全会作出了加强和改进党的作风建设的重要决定。北京赢得了２００８年奥运会举办权。我国成功举办亚太经合组织第九次领导人非正式会议等重要国际会议。经过长期努力，我国正式加入世界贸易组织。所有这些，对于我们党和国家事业的发展都具有重大而深远的影响，极大地激发了全国各族人民的爱国热情，增强了民族自豪感和凝聚力。

２００１年经济和社会发展的显著成绩，确实来之不易。这是以江泽民同志为核心的党中央统揽全局、审时度势，及时作出正确决策和部署的结果，是全国各族人民锐意进取、团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向辛勤工作在全国各条战线上的广大工人、农民、知识分子、干部、人民解放军指战员、武警部队官兵和公安干警以及各界人士，致以崇高的敬意！向关心与支持祖国建设和统一的香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞、海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢!

我们也清醒地看到，当前经济和社会生活中还存在不少亟待解决的问题。主要是：农民收入增长缓慢，一些粮食主产区和严重受灾地方农民收入减少，有些地方拖欠工资严重，部分企业生产和职工生活仍有困难，就业压力加大。产业结构不合理和经济体制深层次问题尚未解决，生态环境问题依然相当突出，地方保护主义屡禁不止，市场经济秩序有待继续整顿。一些地方、部门和领导干部中形式主义、官僚主义盛行，弄虚作假、铺张浪费严重，腐败现象还比较突出。有些单位违规挪用财政资金和专项资金。有法不依、执法不严的问题比较普遍。重大安全事故时有发生。有些地方社会治安状况不好。这些问题有的是多年积累下来的，有的同工作中的缺点和错误有关。我们必须高度重视，采取有力措施加以解决。

２００２年是我们党和国家发展史上非常重要的一年。做好今年各项工作，具有十分重要的意义。当前国际形势错综复杂，全球经济和贸易增长仍然缓慢，国际市场竞争更加激烈，贸易保护主义加剧。我国加入世贸组织，总体上有利于改革开放和经济发展，但在近期某些竞争力不强的行业、企业会受到较大冲击。我们面临着新的困难和严峻挑战。同时，也应当看到，做好今年工作具有许多有利条件。我国综合国力显著增强，拥有比较雄厚的物质基础，粮食、外汇等重要储备充足，国内市场潜力巨大，经济发展有较大回旋余地。我国社会政治稳定。特别是以江泽民同志为核心的党中央积累了应对各种复杂局面的丰富经验。我们要增强信心，振奋精神，充分利用一切有利条件，发挥各方面的积极性，努力做好各项工作。

根据党中央部署，今年工作的总体要求是：以邓小平理论和党的十五大精神为指导，进一步贯彻落实江泽民同志“七一”重要讲话和党的十五届五中、六中全会精神，按照“三个代表”要求，正确把握复杂多变的国际政治经济形势，抵御和克服前进道路上的各种风险和困难，以保持经济和社会的稳定。坚持实施扩大国内需求的方针，继续深化改革，扩大开放，加快结构调整，整顿和规范市场经济秩序，提高经济增长质量和效益，促进国民经济持续快速健康发展和社会全面进步。切实加强精神文明建设、民主法制建设和党的建设，转变政府职能，团结奋斗，勤俭建国，以改革开放和现代化建设的新成就迎接党的十六大召开。

按照这个总体要求，今年要着重做好以下八个方面工作。

一、扩大和培育内需，促进经济较快增长

保持国民经济较快增长，是扩大就业、改善人民生活和维护社会稳定的基础，也是推进结构调整和深化改革的重要条件。在当前严峻的国际经济形势下，实现经济较快增长的根本之策，是扩大国内需求，进一步形成消费和投资的双重拉动。要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，并保持必要的力度，同时采取其他配套的宏观经济政策。

扩大国内需求，首先必须增加城乡居民特别是低收入群体的收入，培育和提高居民的购买力。一是采取更有力的措施，千方百计增加农民收入，切实减轻农民负担。二是进一步完善城镇社会保障体系。当务之急仍然是落实“两个确保”，确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放，任何地方都不得发生新的拖欠。完善失业保险制度。同时，强化城市居民最低生活保障制度建设，使所有符合条件的城市贫困居民都能得到最低生活保障，做到应保尽保。中央财政预算较大幅度地增加了“低保”资金，地方财政预算也必须增加所需资金。对特困行业和企业的职工，还要采取有效措施帮助他们解决困难。继续推进城镇职工基本医疗保险制度、医疗卫生体制和药品生产流通体制改革。进一步搞好在辽宁全省和其他省、自治区部分城市完善社会保障体系的试点工作。努力筹集和管好、用好全国社会保障基金。三是继续适当提高机关事业单位职工基本工资，并相应增加机关事业单位离退休人员离退休金。各类所有制企业也要在提高经济效益的基础上，适当增加职工收入。对一些地方拖欠干部、政法干警、教师工资的问题，有关地方政府务必采取有力措施，尽快加以解决。地方财政首先要保工资发放，对过去拖欠的工资，也应尽快补发。宁可不上新的建设项目，不办或者少办不是急需的事，也要确保工资按时足额发放。在严格定编定员的基础上，对发放工资确有困难的省、自治区、直辖市，中央财政通过转移支付予以补助。市、县级财政有困难的，省级财政也要通过转移支付予以补助。四是积极扩大就业和再就业。这是增加居民收入的重要途径。努力拓宽就业渠道，增加就业岗位。大力发展就业容量大的劳动密集型产业、服务业、中小企业。扩大社区服务就业门路。实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式。发展劳动力市场，完善就业服务体系。认真落实鼓励自谋职业和促进就业的优惠政策措施。对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。五是拓宽消费领域，改善消费环境。通过深化改革，调整政策，消除各种限制消费的障碍。鼓励居民扩大住房、旅游、汽车、电信、文化、体育和其他服务性消费，培育新的消费热点。

保持国债投资的必要规模，带动固定资产投资较快增长。根据需要和可能，今年拟发行１５００亿元长期建设国债，主要用于在建的国债建设项目、西部开发项目、重点企业技术改造，以及南水北调、京津水资源保护工程、农村基础设施和教育、公检法司等方面设施的建设。１９９８年以来开工建设的大部分国债项目，要在今年内基本完工。目前，居民储蓄存款增加较多，银行资金比较充裕，利率水平较低，市场价格稳定，国债余额占国内生产总值的比重仍在安全线以内，发行长期建设国债还有一定的空间，不会有大的风险。用国债投资进行重要的和社会急需项目的建设，不仅有利于促进经济增长和培植财源，而且有利于集中力量办大事，充分发挥各方面资金的使用效益。在扩大国债投资的同时，还要采取措施用活用好其他国内资金，引导和鼓励社会投资。要高度重视资金的合理、节约使用，坚决防止无效投入和重复建设。基础设施建设也要合理规划，量力而行，讲求实效，不可过分超前。继续加强对国债资金使用、项目建设和工程质量的监督管理，严厉查处各种截留、挪用国债资金的行为。

努力做好财税工作，保持税制稳定，加强税收征管。严格依法治税，做到应收尽收，堵塞“跑、冒、滴、漏”。认真贯彻“一要吃饭、二要建设”的方针，合理调整财政支出结构，区别轻重缓急，该保的一定要保，该压缩的要坚决压缩。为了进一步规范中央和地方政府之间的分配关系，建立合理的分配机制，支持西部开发，从今年开始，对所得税收入实行中央和地方按比例分享的办法。中央从所得税增量中多分享的收入，全部用于对地方主要是中西部地区的一般性转移支付。

继续实行稳健的货币政策，加强对金融机构的监管。金融机构要在切实防范和化解金融风险的同时，积极支持经济发展，努力改进服务。银行要调整信贷结构，重点支持国债投资项目、农业结构调整、企业技术改造、中小企业特别是科技型中小企业的发展，尽量满足有市场、有效益、有信用的企业流动资金贷款需求，发展个人住房、助学贷款等消费信贷业务。加快建立现代金融制度，深化金融企业改革，健全内部机制，强化经营管理。商业银行从今年开始要全面实行贷款质量五级分类制度，改进信息披露。进一步规范和发展证券市场。继续促进保险业健康发展。加强金融法治和监管。加快信息化建设。密切关注国际金融市场变化，严防国际短期资本对我国金融市场的冲击，确保金融安全。

二、加快农业和农村经济发展，努力增加农民收入

发展农业生产力，提高农民购买力，是扩大和培育内需十分重要的方面，关系国民经济发展和社会稳定全局。要把加强农业和增加农民收入，作为整个经济工作的突出任务；把农民是否增加收入和减轻负担，作为检验农业和农村工作的重要标准。

从根本上说，增加农民收入必须加快农业和农村经济结构调整，大力发展农业产业化经营，积极推动传统农业向现代农业转变。大力推广优良品种和先进适用技术，加快发展优质、专用、无公害农产品。继续调整农业内部结构，积极发展畜牧业和水产养殖业。充分发挥区域比较优势，加快农业布局调整和优化。沿海地区和大中城市郊区要大力发展高效农业。中部粮食主产区要抓住主销区腾出部分粮食市场的机遇，扩大优质粮食生产，提高粮食的综合效益和市场竞争力。西部地区要发展特色农业、旱作农业和生态农业。努力扩大农产品出口。推广“公司加农户”、“订单农业”等方式，逐步形成农产品生产、加工、销售一体化经营。加快培育一批辐射面广、带动力强的龙头企业。深化农业科研和推广体制改革，推进农科教、产学研结合，继续实施“星火计划”，加快农业科技成果的转化与推广应用。调整农业结构,必须坚持以市场需求为导向，从实际出发，充分尊重农民意愿，绝不能搞强迫命令。各级政府要做好规划，增加对农业的科技投入，加强服务，着力抓好农产品质量标准和认证体系、检验检测体系、市场信息体系建设，创造良好的市场环境。

为了使农民收入尽快有较多增长，还必须做好以下工作。

一是扩大退耕还林规模。两年多试点证明，在中西部一些地方实行退耕还林（包括还草、还湖），既是改善生态环境，促进农业结构调整的重大举措，也是直接增加农民收入的有效途径。目前粮食等农产品供给充足，是加快退耕还林的良好时机。今年要进一步扩大退耕还林规模，推进休牧还草，加快宜林荒山荒地造林步伐。要坚持因地制宜，加强分类指导，认真落实退耕还林的各项政策，完善配套措施，抓紧培育和供应优良种苗，保证退耕还林质量。实施退耕还林和天然林保护工程，都要重视搞好后续产业的开发，以保障群众长期的生活来源和有关地方必要的财政收入。要抓紧研究制定退耕还林的法规。

二是深化农村税费改革和粮棉流通体制改革。农村税费改革是减轻农民负担的治本之策。今年要进一步扩大试点范围，主要放在中部地区的粮食主产省和农业大省，其他省、自治区、直辖市继续在部分县市进行试点。中央财政在预算内安排相应资金予以支持，试点地方的财政也要安排适当资金支持改革。同时，要搞好乡镇机构、农村教育和县乡财政体制等配套改革。农村税费改革，既要明显减轻农民负担，又要保证乡村正常工作和发展的必要经费，特别是保证农村义务教育经费。尚未进行农村税费改革的地方，要严格执行中央有关规定，继续做好减轻农民负担的各项工作。各地要进一步加强对农村教育、电价、建房等方面乱收费的专项治理。全面落实深化粮食流通体制改革的措施，大力推进国有粮食购销企业改革，改进和加强粮食市场管理，推动粮食主销区和主产区建立长期稳定的购销合作关系。继续做好棉花购销市场化改革的各项工作，保持棉花生产和市场稳定。

三是努力拓宽农民增收渠道。以农产品加工业和农村服务业为重点，加快发展农村二、三产业。引导乡镇企业加快结构调整、技术进步和体制创新，提高发展水平。扩大城乡经济往来有利于明显增加农民收入。各地要清理、取消不合理的限制和乱收费，为农民进城务工经商提供方便，切实保障他们的合法权益；同时，要加强管理和引导。积极稳妥地推进城镇化，促进农村劳动力向非农产业转移。

四是加大对农业的支持力度。采取符合世贸组织规则的措施，努力维护农民利益。增加对农业和农村基础设施建设投资，改善生产生活条件和生态环境。重点支持节水灌溉、人畜饮水、农村沼气、农村水电、乡村道路和草场围栏等设施建设。要在农业科研、技术推广、病虫害防治、信息咨询和农民培训等方面加强对农业的支持。特别要加大对粮食主产区的支持力度。改进金融对农业的服务。深化农村信用社改革。进一步搞好农村扶贫开发，多渠道增加扶贫资金，扩大以工代赈规模。加大对灾区和特困地区的支持，减免农、牧业税，并真正落到实处。积极帮助农村特困户和优抚对象解决实际困难。

三、积极推进经济结构调整和经济体制改革

进一步解决制约经济发展的结构性矛盾和体制性障碍，是促进经济持续增长、提高经济素质和竞争力的根本举措。必须大力推进经济结构调整，坚持不懈地把经济体制改革引向深入。

加快产业结构优化升级。一要采用高新技术和先进适用技术，改造和提升传统产业。支持重点行业和骨干企业进行技术改造，支持承担国家重点任务的大型装备制造企业提高产品开发和技术创新能力。企业技术改造要做好规划，以“质量、品种、效益”为重点，选好项目，不能搞重复建设和单纯扩大生产能力。巩固和扩大纺织、冶金、煤炭等行业淘汰落后生产能力取得的成果，继续推进石化、建材、机械、医药、制糖、烟草等行业压缩过剩、落后生产能力的工作。已淘汰的生产能力，绝不能以任何借口和形式恢复生产。继续调整能源结构。推动老工业基地加快调整和改造。支持以资源开采为主的城市和老矿区发展接续和替代产业。二要加快发展信息、生物、新材料等高新技术产业。继续抓好信息网络、新型电子元器件、集成电路、软件、新材料和中药现代化等高新技术产业化重大专项的组织实施。推进国民经济和社会信息化。三要积极发展第三产业特别是现代服务业。加快发展金融、会计、咨询、法律服务等行业。逐步推行连锁经营、物流配送、代理制、电子商务等组织形式和服务方式。大力发展旅游业和文化产业。

继续实施西部大开发战略，促进地区协调发展。加快西部地区基础设施和生态环境建设。着力抓好青藏铁路、西气东输、西电东送等重点工程建设。继续实施退耕还林、天然林保护、“三北”防护林和防沙治沙工程。认真落实西部大开发的各项政策和措施，促进老少边穷地区发展。西部地区要注重发展优势产业和特色产业，不搞重复建设、盲目投资。防止已被淘汰的企业和设备向西部地区转移，避免破坏生态环境。中部地区要充分发挥区位优势和资源优势，积极培育新的经济增长点，国家在安排建设项目时要给予支持，以加快发展步伐。东部地区要优化产业结构，大力发展外向型经济，提高经济素质和竞争力，采取多种方式加强同中西部地区的经济技术合作。

深化以国有企业改革为中心的各项改革。近几年，国有企业改革取得了很大进展，但是任务仍然相当艰巨，必须继续下大气力推进。一是切实加强现代企业制度建设。继续推行规范化的公司制改造，健全法人治理结构，真正转换经营机制。今年要重点检查上市公司建立现代企业制度的情况，找出存在问题，认真加以解决。强化企业内部改革，选择少量中央管理的大型企业和境外上市公司，进行收入分配制度改革试点，建立对企业经营者有效的激励和约束机制。推进企业会计制度与国际会计惯例相衔接。加强和改进企业质量、成本、营销管理。加快企业管理现代化、信息化建设。二是积极推进企业重组改组。尽快形成和发展一批具有国际竞争力的大公司和企业集团。继续采取多种形式放开搞活国有中小企业。在企业重组改组中，必须防止国有资产流失和逃废银行债务。三是继续有步骤地做好企业破产兼并工作。特别要注意按政策安置好职工，维护社会稳定。适当增加银行核销呆坏帐准备金，主要用于重点行业和地区的企业破产兼并，特别是用于资源枯竭矿山和军工等特殊困难企业的关闭、破产。继续分离企业办社会的职能。

推进垄断行业改革。通过政企分开和企业重组，打破行业垄断，引入竞争机制。尽快实施电信、电力、民航管理体制改革，抓紧研究制定铁路管理体制改革方案。有关部门要加强对改革工作的指导，保证生产经营正常运行和队伍稳定。

坚持以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度。积极探索公有制多种有效实现形式。继续发展混合所有制经济和集体经济，鼓励、支持和引导私营、个体经济健康发展。

其他各项改革，也要按照完善社会主义市场经济体制的要求积极推进。尽快制定投融资体制改革方案，争取早日实施。继续深化收入分配制度和金融、财税、外贸、住房等方面的改革。

四、适应加入世贸组织新形势，全面提高对外开放水平

我国加入世贸组织，标志着对外开放进入一个新阶段。我们要以积极的姿态，在更大范围和更深程度上参与国际经济合作与竞争，切实做好加入世贸组织第一年的各项工作。

为了适应加入世贸组织的要求，近年来特别是近几个月，我国做了大量工作。全国性的相关法规、规章的清理工作已基本完成，废止和修改、制定了一批法律法规。从２００２年１月１日起，我国关税总水平已由１５．３％降到１２％，涉及５３００多个税目。今年要在已有工作基础上，以增强国际竞争力为核心，重点抓好以下几个方面：一是按照法制统一、非歧视、公开透明的原则，抓紧完善既符合世贸组织规则，又符合我国国情的涉外经济法律法规体系，确保执法公正与效率。二是按照加入世贸组织的承诺，有步骤地扩大对外开放领域。同时，加快制定和修订质量、卫生、防疫、环保、安全等方面的市场准入标准。三是认真研究、掌握和充分行使我国作为世贸组织成员享有的各项权利，积极推动和参与区域经济合作。四是组织好世贸组织有关知识和规则的学习、宣传，分期分批对国家公务员特别是县(处)级以上领导干部和大中型企业管理人员进行普遍培训。加快培养熟悉世贸组织规则和国际经济贸易的各类专业人才。

认真做好对外贸易工作。继续实施市场多元化战略，力争今年外贸出口有所增长。要力保现有市场，开拓新的市场。调整和优化出口商品结构，提高商品质量和附加值。落实鼓励外贸出口的政策措施。优先保证出口创汇多、信誉好的重点企业及时足额退税。抓紧改革和完善出口退税机制，对生产企业自营或委托外贸企业代理出口的自产商品，全面实行“免、抵、退”税办法。扩大出口信贷和信用保险，加大对出口的支持。海关要深化改革，进一步提高通关效率和监管水平。推动国有外贸企业改革和重组，促进外贸经营主体多元化和出口渠道多样化。继续实施“走出去”战略，鼓励和支持有条件的各类所有制企业，到国外特别是周边国家投资办厂和承包工程，带动国内技术、设备、材料和劳务出口。做好先进技术、关键设备和短缺原材料的进口工作。逐步实现重要战略物资进口市场多元化。

继续积极利用外资，优化外商投资结构。着力引进先进技术、现代化管理经验和专门人才。鼓励和引导外商投资现代农业、高新技术产业、基础设施建设、西部开发和参与国有企业改造、重组。鼓励外商特别是跨国公司在我国境内建立研究开发中心、生产制造基地和地区总部。引进商贸、旅游、会计、审计等方面有信誉的境外大型企业和中介组织，促进我国服务业发展。积极创造条件，吸引境外中小企业投资。继续改善投资环境，健全法制，依法办事，改进服务，提高效率。规范招商引资行为，逐步实行国民待遇。做好我国申办２０１０年上海世界博览会的工作。

五、继续大力整顿和规范市场经济秩序

大力整顿和规范市场经济秩序，是扩大内需、促进经济良性发展的迫切要求，是加入世贸组织、对外开放迈出新步伐的必然选择，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制的重大举措，直接关系我国现代化事业的成败。要在去年取得阶段性成果的基础上，以更大的决心和更有力的措施，把这项工作深入持久地开展下去。

全面展开，突出重点。紧紧围绕当前的突出问题，着力抓好以下几个方面：一是进一步严厉打击各种制售假冒伪劣商品的违法犯罪活动，特别是狠狠打击严重危害人民生命健康的食品、药品、医疗器械等方面的制假售假行为。二是继续整顿和规范建筑市场、房地产市场、文化市场和财税秩序。坚持不懈地打击各种骗税、偷税、逃汇、骗汇、传销和走私等违法犯罪活动。严厉打击伪造票据、凭证和做假帐等违法行为。整顿和规范会计师事务所等中介服务组织。大力整顿旅游市场秩序。三是深入整顿金融秩序。严肃查处银行、证券、保险等金融机构违法违规经营行为，坚决取缔非法金融机构和非法金融活动，依法查处金融欺诈、非法集资、操纵证券市场和内幕交易、恶意逃废债务等行为。四是打破地方保护和行业垄断。依法纠正和查处利用特权，设置关卡，阻碍商品流通，妨碍公平竞争的行为。继续整治成品油市场和各类集贸市场。进一步开展价格和收费专项整治。五是加强生产、交通安全管理，健全安全责任制。切实纠正各种违规违章指挥和操作现象，防止重大安全事故发生。尤其要加强对危险化学品、易燃易爆品生产经营、运输、储存和使用全过程的监督管理。坚决依法关闭产品质量低劣、污染环境、破坏资源、不具备安全生产条件的厂矿。在整顿和规范市场经济秩序中，要集中力量查处大案要案，严惩违法犯罪分子和腐败分子。

标本兼治，重在治本。严格审查各类市场主体的资质，把好市场准入关。各级政府部门必须坚决按规定与企业和中介机构彻底脱钩。进一步采取有力措施，认真落实行政性收费和罚没收入“收支两条线”的规定。实行综合财政预算和部门预算，保证各部门依法行政和严格执法的必要财政开支。强化法治，完善行政处罚和刑事追究衔接的规定，坚决防止和纠正违法不究、以罚代刑的现象，加大对违法犯罪的打击力度。解决多层执法和多头执法问题，严格执法责任和责任追究制。提高执法人员素质和执法水平。切实加强社会信用建设，逐步在全社会形成诚信为本、操守为重的良好风尚。加快建立企业、中介机构和个人的信用档案，使有不良行为记录者付出代价，名誉扫地，直至绳之以法。广泛采用现代化监管手段，综合利用信息网络资源，实现互联互通、信息共享。加快流通体制改革，发展现代流通方式，使假冒伪劣商品难以进入市场。充分发挥行业协会和中介机构的作用，改革和完善其自律机制，重视广大群众和新闻媒体的监督作用。

六、实施科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略，加强精神文明建设

推动科技进步和创新。加快国家创新体系建设。加强基础研究和具有战略意义的高新技术研究，增强自主创新能力。围绕产业升级和提高竞争力，加强关键技术和共性技术的研究开发，加快科技成果产业化和推广应用。建立健全风险投资机制和科技创新激励机制。进一步改革科技体制，深化应用型科研机构和社会公益型科研机构改革。破除条块分割，合理配置社会科研资源，形成部门、地方、高校和企业相结合的科技管理体系。加强大中型企业技术开发中心的建设。繁荣发展哲学社会科学，注重研究全局性、前瞻性、战略性的重大课题。强化知识产权保护和管理。加强学术道德建设。

坚持教育优先发展。大力推进素质教育，加强学校思想政治工作，促进学生德智体美全面发展。加强基础教育，巩固扩大农村地区“两基”成果，特别是加快贫困地区和少数民族地区普及九年义务教育步伐。推进农村义务教育以县为主的管理体制改革，保证教师工资按时足额发放。积极发展高中阶段教育。稳步发展普通高等教育，适应新形势，调整学科结构。大力发展中等和高等职业教育。改革课程教材，更新教学内容，提高教育质量。继续推进高校内部管理体制改革和后勤社会化。全面提高教师思想和业务素质。加快教育信息化建设，积极发展现代远程教育。加大政府对教育的投入。鼓励、支持和规范社会力量办学、中外合作办学。

认真实施人才政策。坚持“四化”方针和德才兼备的原则，加快培养和选拔适应改革开放和现代化建设新形势需要的各类人才，特别是高科技人才，精通国际金融、财会、贸易、法律和现代管理的专业人才。深化干部人事制度改革，完善对各类人才的选拔任用、考核评价、激励监督的制度。善于发现和大胆起用年轻优秀的科技人才。充分发挥工程师以及技师和熟练技术工人的作用。落实技术、管理等生产要素参与分配的政策，落实对有突出贡献的科技人员和高层管理人员进行奖励的规定。进一步采取有效措施，吸引和聘用境外高级人才，鼓励留学人员回国创业。

走可持续发展之路。坚持计划生育的基本国策，贯彻《人口与计划生育法》。特别要加强农村和流动人口计划生育工作，稳定低生育水平，促进优生优育。认真落实妇女、儿童发展纲要，保护妇女和未成年人合法权益。加强老龄人口工作。关心和支持残疾人事业。依法保护和合理利用土地、矿产、淡水、海洋、森林、草原和气候资源，实行严格的耕地、林地管理制度，注重节水节能。提高资源综合利用率，健全资源有偿使用制度。继续加大环保投入，加强生态环境保护和污染防治。加快重点治理工程建设，改善重点流域、区域、城市、海域的环境质量，有效控制和降低污染物排放。推行清洁生产，发展环保产业。加强生态示范区建设。大力植树种草。加强湿地保护。建立环境保护和防灾减灾保障体系。发展卫生事业，高度重视公共卫生和农村医疗卫生工作，增加资金投入，积极探索多种形式的农村医疗保障办法，改善农村卫生院医疗条件。大力防治传染病、职业病和地方病等危害人民健康的重大疾病。广泛开展全民健身活动，提高竞技运动水平。认真做好２００８年北京奥运会前期准备，把举办奥运会工作与推进首都改革开放和现代化建设结合起来。

加强精神文明建设。坚持不懈地用马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想教育广大干部群众。坚持把依法治国和以德治国结合起来。贯彻落实《公民道德建设实施纲要》，在全社会倡导“爱国守法、明礼诚信、团结友善、勤俭自强、敬业奉献”的基本道德规范。突出抓好爱国主义教育，弘扬振兴中华的民族精神。加强科学知识普及工作，破除愚昧迷信，倡导科学精神和文明健康的生活方式。深入开展群众性精神文明创建活动。加快发展社会科学、文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视等各项事业，坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务，坚持正确舆论导向，创作出更多反映时代风貌和人民愿望的优秀作品。加大新闻出版、广播影视业改革的力度。高度重视互联网的作用和管理。加强图书馆、博物馆、文化馆、科技馆、档案馆等公共文化和体育设施建设，做好文物保护工作。完善文化产业政策，鼓励社会力量参与文化事业建设。深入持久地开展“扫黄”、“打非”斗争，严厉打击盗版盗印和光盘走私活动。加强国际文化交流。

七、进一步转变政府职能，加强政风建设

这是适应改革开放的新形势，建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府的要求。要全面贯彻党的十五届六中全会精神，着力抓好三个方面。

加快政府职能转变。政府机构改革和职能转变，取得了很大进展，但还存在不少问题。必须进一步解放思想，彻底摆脱传统计划经济的羁绊，切实把政府职能转到经济调节、市场监管、社会管理和公共服务上来。继续理顺政府部门职能分工，防止有些事情互相推诿和无人负责。认真贯彻依法治国方略，坚持依法行政，从严治政。进一步改革和减少行政审批，必须审批的也要规范操作，简化程序，公开透明，明确责任。对此，国务院已做出了部署，各地区各部门要认真贯彻落实。加快政府管理信息化建设，推广电子政务，提高工作效率和监管有效性。

切实加强政风建设。深入开展反腐败斗争，加强廉政建设。廉洁从政，执政为民，是我们党和政府根本宗旨的要求，也是政府机关每个工作人员必须恪守的基本准则。各级政府和所有干部都必须做到清正廉明，奉公守法。对那些违法乱纪、以权谋私、贪污腐化的人，必须彻底查处。加大治本力度，从源头上预防和治理腐败。要认真落实党中央关于把今年作为转变作风年的要求。坚决克服误国害民的形式主义、官僚主义。要大力精简会议和文件，切实解决当前严重存在的“文山会海”问题。大兴调查研究之风，深入实际，深入基层，了解真实情况。要倾听群众呼声，关心群众疾苦，抓紧解决人民群众反映强烈和不满意的问题。坚决纠正虚报浮夸、欺上瞒下、滥用民力、强迫命令的恶劣作风，做到讲真话、办实事、求实效。

坚决反对奢侈浪费。当前，无论是生产、建设、流通还是消费领域，都存在严重铺张浪费的现象。有的地方热衷于搞华而不实的“形象工程”、“政绩工程”，市政建设盲目追求高档次、高标准；有的地方连工资都不能按时发放，还在乱上建设项目，违反规定兴建楼堂馆所。还有名目繁多的办节、庆典活动，比阔气、讲排场；用公款大吃大喝、进行高档消费娱乐，公费出国旅游。凡此种种，耗费巨额资财，必须坚决刹住这种奢侈浪费之风。一要大张旗鼓地倡导艰苦创业、勤俭建国、勤俭办一切事业。坚决制止各种不切实际、不计效果的错误做法。二要努力节省开支。生产、建设、流通等领域都要大力降低成本和费用。所有机关、企业、事业单位，都要精打细算，禁止各种不必要的开支。今年，各地区、各部门、各单位都要提出杜绝浪费、节省开支的具体目标和措施。三要严肃财经纪律。推行国库集中收付制度，强化各级财政预算、审计监督、财政专户管理。完善超预算收入的管理。严厉查处设立小金库和各种违反规定乱花钱的行为。

各级政府要自觉接受同级人民代表大会及其常委会的监督，主动加强与人民政协的联系，认真听取民主党派、工商联、无党派人士和人民团体的意见。进一步健全民主决策制度，鼓励人民群众对政府机构及其工作人员进行监督，拓宽及时反映社情民意的渠道，使政府工作能够真正体现人民的意愿和利益。

在新的形势下，保障国家安全，维护社会稳定，具有十分重要的意义。要严密防范和依法坚决打击境内外敌对势力的破坏活动，严厉打击恐怖势力、宗教极端势力、民族分裂势力的犯罪活动。继续开展同“法轮功”等邪教组织的斗争。深入开展“严打”整治斗争，依法严厉打击各种刑事犯罪活动和黑恶势力，大力整顿社会治安混乱的地方和场所，使社会治安状况有明显进步。坚持打防结合，预防为主，全面落实综合治理的各项措施，积极构建社会治安防控体系。建立政法公安经费保障机制。加强社区建设和管理，加强农村基层政权建设。正确处理新形势下的人民内部矛盾，把影响社会安定的因素化解在基层，消除在萌芽状态。

加强民族团结，维护祖国统一，是全国各族人民的根本利益所在。坚持和完善民族区域自治制度。全面贯彻党的民族政策，巩固和发展平等、团结、互助的社会主义民族关系。积极支持和帮助少数民族地区加快发展。继续实施“兴边富民行动”。大力培养少数民族干部和各类人才。贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策，依法加强宗教事务管理，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应。坚持独立自主自办原则，加强爱国宗教力量的建设。认真贯彻侨务政策，做好侨务工作。

加强国防和军队建设，是维护国家安全和社会主义现代化事业顺利发展的重要保证。要按照“政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力”的总要求，以新时期积极防御军事战略方针为统揽，坚持科技强军、从严治军、勤俭建军，注重质量建设，提高军队的革命化、现代化、正规化水平，增强高技术条件下的防卫作战能力和应付突发事件的能力。加快国防科技工业调整、改革和发展，提高科研水平和创新能力，推进武器装备建设。深化后勤保障改革，提高军事经济效益和综合保障能力。加强人民武装警察部队建设。完善国防动员体制，加强民兵、预备役部队建设。搞好国防教育，做好拥政爱民、拥军优属工作，巩固和发展军政军民团结。

全面贯彻落实“一国两制”方针和香港、澳门两个基本法。维护香港、澳门长期稳定和繁荣发展，是我们坚定不移的目标。中央政府将继续全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区政府和行政长官依法施政，进一步加强内地与香港、澳门的经贸、科技、文化、教育等领域的交流和合作。我们对香港、澳门的前景满怀信心。

在新的一年里，我们将坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的基本方针和江泽民主席关于解决台湾问题的八项主张，努力推动两岸关系朝着和平统一的方向发展。我们重申，世界上只有一个中国，大陆与台湾同属一个中国，中国的主权和领土完整不容分割。一个中国的原则是发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的基础和前提。我们坚持在一个中国原则的基础上恢复两岸对话与谈判，进一步扩大两岸经济、文化交流，推动两岸关系发展，尽早实现直接“三通”。我们将一如既往地与坚持一个中国原则、主张发展两岸关系的台湾各党派、各界人士加强交往和对话。支持海外华侨华人反对“台独”、促进祖国统一的正义行动。我们坚信，祖国的完全统一大业一定能够早日实现。

八、进一步做好外交工作

２００１年，国际形势变化起伏。但和平与发展作为时代的主题并未改变，世界多极化发展趋势并未改变，我国面临的国际环境仍然是机遇大于挑战。总体和平、局部战争，总体缓和、局部紧张，总体稳定、局部动荡，将是今后一个时期国际局势的基本态势。

在国际风云变幻的形势下，我国外交工作进一步开创了新局面，国际地位和影响继续提高。我国同广大发展中国家的友好关系继续加强，与周边国家的睦邻友好合作关系全面发展。去年，我国同俄罗斯和中亚四国共同宣布建立“上海合作组织”；在第五次中国—东盟领导人会议上，我国与东盟一致同意今后１０年内逐步建立中国—东盟自由贸易区。我国同朝鲜、韩国和南亚各国的关系稳步发展。我国同非洲、拉美国家友好合作取得新的成果，与阿拉伯各国和其他伊斯兰国家的友好关系进一步发展。

我国与美国、俄罗斯、欧盟、日本的关系得到发展和改善。我们积极务实地参与国际政治、经济、文化、社会、裁军等领域的多边外交活动，有力地捍卫了我国的主权、独立、领土完整、国家安全和民族尊严。我国和国际社会一道共同谴责和反对恐怖主义，在国际反恐怖斗争中发挥了建设性作用。

在新的一年，我们要继续奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。在和平共处五项原则的基础上，加强同发展中国家的团结与合作；进一步巩固和深化与周边国家的睦邻友好合作关系；继续改善和发展同发达国家的关系。积极参与联合国和其他国际事务，同世界各国人民一道，致力于和平、发展与进步的事业，反对霸权主义和强权政治，反对一切形式的恐怖主义，推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序，为维护世界和平，促进共同繁荣作出更大贡献。

各位代表!

今年政府工作的任务相当繁重，我们肩负的责任重大而光荣。让我们更加紧密地团结在以江泽民同志为核心的党中央周围，高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，按照“三个代表”的要求，以与时俱进、奋发有为的精神风貌，坚定信心，知难而进，扎实工作，为夺取改革开放和现代化建设的新胜利而努力奋斗!

第二篇：政府工作报告——2001年3月5日在第九届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上(朱镕基)

2001年政府工作报告

——2001年3月5日在第九届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上

国务院总理朱镕基

各位代表：

从今年开始，我国将实施新世纪第一个五年计划。中国共产党十五届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划的建议》，提出了未来五年国民经济和社会发展的奋斗目标、指导方针和主要任务。根据《建议》的精神，国务院认真听取各方面意见，制定了《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要（草案）》。现在，我代表国务院向大会作报告，请各位代表连同《纲要（草案）》一并审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

一、“九五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾

过去五年，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，团结奋斗，开拓创新，各个方面取得了重大成就。

国民经济持续快速健康发展，综合国力进一步增强。国内生产总值2000年达89404亿元，平均每年增长8.3％。人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番的任务，已经超额完成。在经济持续增长和效益改善的基础上，2000年国家财政收入达13380亿元，平均每年增长16.5％。主要工农业产品产量位居世界前列，商品短缺状况基本结束。产业结构调整取得积极进展。粮食等主要农产品生产能力明显提高，实现了农产品供给由长期短缺到总量基本平衡、丰年有余的历史性转变。淘汰落后和压缩过剩工业生产能力取得成效，重点企业技术改造不断推进。信息产业等高新技术产业迅速成长。基础设施建设成绩显著，能源、交通、通信和原材料的“瓶颈”制约得到缓解。

经济体制改革全面推进，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立。国有大中型企业建立现代企业制度的改革取得重要进展。大多数国家重点企业进行了公司制改革，其中相当一部分在境内外上市。企业扭亏增盈成效显著，2000年国有及国有控股工业企业实现利润2392亿元，为1997年的2.9倍。国有大中型企业改革和脱困的三年目标基本实现。在公有制经济进一步发展的同时，私营、个体经济有了较快发展。市场体系建设继续推进，资本、技术和劳动力等要素市场迅速发展，市场在资源配置中的基础性作用明显增强。财税体制继续完善。金融改革步伐加快。城镇住房制度、社会保障制度和政府机构等方面改革取得重大进展。国家宏观调控体系进一步健全。

对外开放水平不断提高，全方位对外开放格局基本形成。对外经贸体制改革稳步推进，外向型经济迅速发展。2000年进出口总额达4743亿美元，其中出口2492亿美元，分别比1995年增长69％和67％。出口商品结构改善，机电产品和高技术产品所占比重提高。对外开放领域逐步扩大，投资环境继续改善。吸收外资规模增大、质量提高。五年累计实际利用外资2894亿美元，比“八五”时期增长79.6％。国家外汇储备2000年底达1656亿美元，比1995年底增加920亿美元。

人民生活继续改善，总体上达到小康水平。农村居民人均纯收入和城镇居民人均可支配收入，2000年分别达到2253元和6280元，平均每年实际增长4.7％和5.7％。市场商品丰富，居民消费水平不断提高，社会消费品零售总额平均每年增长10.6％。城乡居民住房、电信和用电等生活条件有较大改善。居民储蓄存款余额五年增长1倍多，股票、债券等其他金融资产迅速增加。农村贫困人口大幅度减少，“八七”扶贫攻坚目标基本实现。

科技、教育加快发展，社会事业全面进步。“863”计划顺利实施。航空航天、信息、新材料和生物工程等高技术领域获得一批重要成果。基础研究和应用研究取得新进展。部门所属应用型科研院所企业化改革基本完成，其他科研院所体制改革全面展开。科技成果市场化、产业化进程加快。各级各类教育全面发展。基本普及九年义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的目标初步实现。高等教育管理体制改革取得重大进展。扩大高校招生受到群众普遍欢迎。人口和计划生育工作取得新成绩。生态建设和环境保护的力度明显加大。文化、卫生、体育等各项社会事业继续发展。廉政建设和反腐败斗争不断取得成效。社会治安综合治理进一步加强。社会主义精神文明建设和民主法制建设取得新的进展。国防和军队建设迈出新的步伐。

“九五”期间，我国政府恢复对香港、澳门行使主权，祖国和平统一大业取得历史性进展。香港、澳门回归祖国以来，“一国两制”方针和基本法得到全面贯彻执行。特别行政区政府工作卓有成效，香港、澳门社会稳定，经济发展。

随着“九五”计划的完成，我们实现了现代化建设第二步战略目标，为实施“十五”计划、开始迈向第三步战略目标奠定了良好基础。这是我国社会主义现代化事业取得的伟大成就，是中华民族发展史上一个新的里程碑。

“九五”时期经济和社会发展的巨大成就，是克服重重困难取得的，来之不易。我们成功应对了国际突发事件的挑战，有效抵御了亚洲金融危机的冲击，既克服“九五”前期通货膨胀的影响，又抑制了中后期的通货紧缩趋势，并战胜了严重的水旱灾害。这些成就的取得，是以江泽民同志为核心的党中央面对诸多矛盾和困难交织的局面，运筹帷幄，及时作出一系列正确决策和部署，全国上下团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向在各个领域和岗位上辛勤劳动、作出贡献的全国各族人民致以崇高敬意！向关心与支持祖国建设和统一的香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！

“九五”时期的实践，丰富了我们按照发展社会主义市场经济的要求，加强和改善宏观经济管理与调控的经验。

第一，坚持用发展的办法解决前进中的问题。发展是硬道理。面对各种社会矛盾，我们始终抓住经济建设这个中心，采取有效措施促进国民经济持续快速健康发展，从而为处理好其他矛盾提供了基础。同时，坚持两手抓、两手都要硬的方针，不断加强社会主义精神文明建设和民主法制建设，为集中精力从事经济建设创造了良好的政治社会环境，并提供强大的精神动力。

第二，根据经济形势的变化，适时调整宏观调控政策取向和力度。在治理通货膨胀时，注意保持经济持续增长，成功实现“软着陆”。在抑制通货紧缩趋势时，坚持扩大内需的方针，果断实施积极的财政政策，并在实践中不断完善各项政策措施。既增发国债、扩大投资，又适当增加城镇中低收入居民的收入，鼓励增加消费，从两个方面拉动经济增长。采取提高出口退税率和严厉打击走私等措施，千方百计扩大出口，以平衡国际收支，稳定人民币币值。实行稳健的货币政策，运用利率等多种手段支持经济增长，同时注意调节货币供应量，引导信贷投向，防范和化解金融风险。

第三，把扩大内需和调整经济结构紧密结合起来。根据一般加工工业生产能力普遍过剩的现实状况，把国债投资重点放在基础设施建设方面，同时增加对农业和科技、教育的投入，支持企业技术改造。利用生产资料生产能力相对富余的时机，办成了一些多年想办而没有办成的大事，既拉动当前经济增长，又增强经济发展后劲。

第四，正确处理改革、发展、稳定的关系。在复杂、困难的情况下，改革没有停滞，而是迎难而上，积极有序地向前推进，有力推动了经济发展。同时，始终注意使改革的力度同社会承受能力相适应。在结构调整和改革深化不可避免地触及深层利益关系时，高度重视和采取各种政策措施，维护广大群众的基本利益。大力实施再就业工程，确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放，坚持按保护价敞开收购农民余粮，从总体上维护了社会稳定和经济持续增长。

在充分肯定成绩的同时，也要清醒地看到，经济和社会生活中还存在不少问题。主要是：产业结构不合理，地区经济发展不协调；国民经济整体素质不高，国际竞争力不强；社会主义市场经济体制尚不完善，阻碍生产力发展的体制因素仍很突出；科技、教育比较落后，科技创新能力较弱；水、石油等重要资源短缺，部分地区生态环境恶化；就业压力加大，农民和城镇部分居民收入增长缓慢，收入差距拉大；一些领域市场经济秩序相当混乱，重大安全事故时有发生；贪污腐败、奢侈浪费现象和形式主义、官僚主义作风还比较严重；一些地方社会治安状况不好。这些问题产生的原因比较复杂，不少也同我们工作中的缺点和错误有关。我们必须高度重视，进一步采取措施，努力加以解决。

二、“十五”期间的奋斗目标和指导方针

展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年，是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球化趋势增强，许多国家积极推进产业结构调整，周边国家正在加快发展。国际环境既对我们提出了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。从国内看，我们正处在经济结构调整的关键时期，改革处于攻坚阶段，加入世贸组织又会带来一些新的问题。各方面任务十分繁重，许多深层次矛盾需要解决，形势要求我们必须抓住机遇，加快发展。同时，我们也具备许多有利条件，能够在一个较长时期实现国民经济较快发展。

根据“十五”期间的形势和任务，《纲要》提出今后五年经济和社会发展的主要目标是：国民经济保持较快发展速度，经济结构战略性调整取得明显成效，经济增长质量和效益显著提高，为到2010年国内生产总值比2000年翻一番奠定坚实基础；国有企业建立现代企业制度取得重大进展，社会保障制度比较健全，社会主义市场经济体制逐步完善，对外开放和国际合作进一步开展；就业渠道拓宽，城乡居民收入持续增加，物质文化生活有较大改善，生态建设和环境保护得到加强；科技、教育加快发展，国民素质进一步提高，精神文明建设和民主法制建设取得明显进展。

“十五”计划《纲要》，体现了以下重要指导方针。坚持把发展作为主题。强调速度与效益相统一，在提高效益的前提下实现较快的发展。有市场、有效益的速度，才是真正的发展，才是硬道理。综合考虑各方面因素，“十五”期间年均经济增长速度预期目标为7％左右。这个速度虽然比“九五”实际达到的速度低一点，但仍然是一个较高的速度。要在提高效益的基础上实现这个目标，必须付出艰巨努力。同时，由于国际国内都存在一些不确定因素，计划的预期目标要留有余地。这样，有利于引导各方面把主要精力放在调整结构和提高效益上，也有利于防止经济过热和重复建设。

坚持把结构调整作为主线。我国经济已经到了不调整就不能发展的时候。按原有结构和粗放增长方式发展经济，不仅产品没有市场，资源、环境也难以承受。必须在发展中调整结构，在结构调整中保持较快发展。今后五年要着力调整产业结构、地区结构和城乡结构，特别要把产业结构调整作为关键。要巩固和加强农业基础地位，加快工业改组改造和结构优化升级，大力发展服务业，加快国民经济和社会信息化，继续加强基础设施建设。

坚持把改革开放和科技进步作为动力。经济发展和结构调整，都要靠体制创新和科技创新来推动。今后五年要坚定不移地推进改革，扩大开放，突破影响生产力发展的体制性障碍，为经济社会发展提供强大动力。要把发展科技、教育放在突出位置，进一步实施科教兴国战略，振兴科技，培养人才，促进科技、教育与经济紧密结合。

坚持把提高人民生活水平作为根本出发点。不断改善城乡人民生活，既是我们发展经济的根本目的，也是扩大内需、促进经济持续增长的迫切需要。要坚持把提高人民生活水平摆在重要位置，扩大就业门路，增加居民收入，合理调节收入分配关系，健全社会保障体系，保证人民群众向更加宽裕的小康生活迈进。

坚持把经济发展和社会发展结合起来。大力加强社会主义精神文明建设和民主法制建设，处理好改革、发展、稳定的关系，促进各项社会事业发展，确保社会稳定。高度重视和认真解决人口、资源和生态环境问题，进一步实施可持续发展战略，推动经济、社会、生态环境协调发展。

“十五”计划《纲要》突出了战略性、宏观性、政策性，减少实物指标，增加反映结构变化的预期指标；围绕要解决的主要问题和重点发展领域，提出努力方向和相应的政策措施。强调计划的实施要充分发挥市场机制的作用，政府宏观调控要更多地运用经济杠杆、经济政策和法律手段。在计划制定方法上，力求提高社会参与度，使计划制定过程成为发扬民主、集思广益的过程，成为各有关方面达成共识的过程。

三、加强农业基础地位，努力增加农民收入

农业、农村和农民问题是关系改革开放和现代化建设全局的重大问题。“十五”期间要把全面贯彻党在农村的基本政策，加强农业基础地位和增加农民收入，作为经济工作的首要任务，着重抓好以下几项工作。

加快农业和农村经济结构调整。这是提高农业经济效益，增加农民收入的根本途径。在切实保护耕地，稳定粮食生产能力的同时，以优化品种、提高质量、增加效益为中心，积极调整种植业结构，加快发展畜牧业、林业、水产业。发挥各地农业的比较优势，合理调整农业生产的区域布局，发展特色农业，形成规模化、专业化的生产格局，提高商品率。大力促进农业产业化经营，扶持龙头企业，推广“公司加农户”、“订单农业”等多种形式，发展农产品加工、储运、保鲜等产业，提高农业的后续效益。引导乡镇企业结构调整、技术进步和体制创新。发展小城镇，繁荣小城镇经济，积极稳妥地推进城镇化，拓宽农民的就业空间和增收渠道。大力推进科教兴农，加强生物技术、信息技术等高新技术的研究与开发应用，推广优良品种和先进适用技术，积极扶持农业科技产业发展。加强农业社会化服务体系建设。建立农产品市场信息、食品安全和质量标准与检测体系。调整结构要因地制宜，依据市场规律，维护农民生产经营自主权，不搞强迫命令。

积极推进农村各项改革。在长期稳定土地承包关系的基础上，鼓励有条件的地区积极探索土地经营权流转制度改革。根据粮食生产和流通的新情况，继续深化粮食流通体制改革。在适当扩大中央储备粮规模的同时，粮食主销区要加快粮食流通市场化进程，通过与粮食主产区建立长期稳定的购销关系，以及中央储备粮的轮换与调控，保证粮食需要。粮食主产区要继续坚持“三项政策、一项改革”，按保护价敞开收购农民余粮，中央财政继续给予资金支持，以充分发挥其粮食生产的优势。这样做，既可为主产区腾出粮食销售市场，促进粮价合理回升，也有利于推进主销区农业结构调整，全面增加农民收入。要保护好基本农田，决不允许擅自将耕地改为非农用地，这是一条不可逾越的“红线”。推进农村税费制度改革，取消乡统筹、村提留和其他面向农民征收的一切行政性收费，同时适当提高现行农业税和农业特产税税率。这是保障农民合法权益，减轻农民负担的治本之策。要在总结安徽省试点经验的基础上，加快改革步伐。同税费改革相结合，精简乡镇机构，裁减人员，减少村组干部补贴人数；有条件的地方，适度撤并乡镇。继续深化农村金融改革，积极探索适应农村经济发展要求的农村金融体系。因地制宜加快农村信用社管理体制改革，关键是要明确产权关系，完善法人治理结构，落实防范和化解风险的责任。农村信用社要坚持为农业、农村、农民服务的方向，加强经营管理，充分发挥在农村金融中的主力军和联系农民的金融纽带作用。农业银行和其他金融机构要加强对农业和农村经济的支持。深化农村供销社改革。

加强农业和农村基础设施建设。进一步增加投入，加快大江大河大湖治理，抓紧主要江河控制性工程建设和病险水库加固，提高防洪调蓄能力。着力抓好大型灌区节水工程改造，积极开展群众性农田水利建设，搞好水土保持。加强国家商品粮和优质农产品基地建设，搞好农业综合开发。继续加强农村电网、通信、广播电视、道路、供水等设施建设，切实改善农村生产、生活和市场条件。

继续搞好农村扶贫工作。“八七”扶贫攻坚任务虽已基本完成，但从根本上改变贫困地区面貌，仍是一项长期而艰巨的任务。要继续加大扶贫力度，重点做好中西部少数民族地区、革命老区、边疆地区和特困地区的扶贫工作。坚持开发式扶贫，多方面增加扶贫资金投入，扩大以工代赈规模，支持贫困地区加强基础设施建设。

四、大力推进产业结构优化升级

产业结构调整和升级，是经济结构战略性调整的重点，要突出以下几个方面。

用高新技术和先进适用技术改造提升传统产业。要把传统产业的改组改造放在重要位置，以市场为导向，以企业为主体，以技术进步为支撑，抓好几个环节。一是围绕增加品种、改善质量、节能降耗、防治污染和提高劳动生产率，在能源、冶金、化工、轻纺、机械、汽车、建材及建筑等行业，支持一批重点企业技术改造，切实提高工艺和装备水平。二是通过自主创新和引进技术，加快对推动结构升级的共性技术、关键技术和配套技术的开发。振兴装备制造业，开发制造急需的大型高效和先进成套技术装备。三是通过上市、兼并、联合、重组等形式，在主要行业形成若干拥有自主知识产权、主业突出、核心能力强的大公司和企业集团，使之成为调整结构、促进升级的骨干和依托。四是积极支持和促进老工业基地改造，充分发挥其基础雄厚、人才聚集的优势，努力提高产业水平。以资源开采为主的城市和大矿区，要因地制宜发展接续和替代产业。

与此同时，要综合运用经济、法律和必要的行政手段，继续依法关闭产品质量低劣、浪费资源、污染严重、不具备安全生产条件的厂矿，淘汰落后和压缩过剩生产能力，并严禁转移重建。长期亏损、资不抵债、扭亏无望的企业和资源枯竭的矿山，要实施破产关闭。积极疏通和逐步规范企业退出市场的通道。

发展高新技术产业，以信息化带动工业化。从实际出发，有选择地加快信息技术、生物工程和新材料等高新技术产业发展。重点支持建设高速宽带信息网络、关键集成电路、新型运载火箭等重大高技术工程，形成我国高新技术产业的群体优势和局部强势。加快发展信息产品制造业，提高自主开发能力和系统集成能力。积极发展软件产业。加强信息基础设施建设。要在企业技术开发和生产营销、社会公共服务、政府行政管理等方面广泛应用数字化、网络化技术，把工业化和信息化更好地结合起来。

加强水利、交通、能源等基础设施建设，高度重视资源战略问题。水资源短缺，是我国经济和社会发展的严重制约因素。要把节水放在突出位置，建立合理的水资源管理体制和水价形成机制，全面推行各种节水技术和措施，发展节水型产业，建立节水型社会。加强水污染防治，搞好污水处理和利用。加紧南水北调等重大项目的规划和建设。要加强公路、铁路、港口、航道、机场、管道系统的建设，建立健全畅通、安全、便捷的现代综合运输体系。能源特别是石油问题，是资源战略的一个重要问题。国内石油开发和生产不能适应经济和社会发展的需要，供需矛盾日益突出。必须千方百计节约和替代石油，加快石油和天然气勘探与开发，积极利用国外资源，并尽快建立石油等战略资源的储备制度。积极推进大型煤矿改造，建设高产高效矿井，重视洁净煤技术的开发利用。充分利用现有发电能力，积极发展水电、坑口大机组火电，压缩小火电，适度发展核电。加强城乡电网建设和改造，推进全国联网。深化电力体制改革，逐步推进厂网分开、竞价上网。重视发展各种新能源。

加快发展服务业。这是促进结构升级和增加就业的重要途径。积极发展信息、金融、会计、咨询、法律服务等现代服务业，提高服务业整体水平。运用现代经营方式和服务技术，改造商贸流通、交通运输、市政服务等传统服务业，提高服务质量和效益。发展面向居民消费的房地产业、社区服务、旅游、餐饮、娱乐、健身等产业，增加服务内容。要深化改革和采取必要的政策措施，形成有利于服务业发展的环境。

五、实施西部大开发，促进地区协调发展

实施西部大开发战略，加快中西部地区发展，是我国迈向现代化建设第三步战略目标的重要部署。“十五”期间要突出重点，搞好开局，着重加强基础设施和生态环境建设，力争五到十年内取得突破性进展，同时使科技、教育有较大发展。

要集中力量建设西气东输、西电东送、青藏铁路等一批具有战略意义的重大项目。把水资源的保护、节约和开发放在突出位置，加强规划，合理配置，努力提高水的利用效率。有步骤而因地制宜推进天然林保护、退耕还林还草以及防沙治沙、草原保护等重要工程的建设，注意发挥生态的自我修复能力，逐步建成我国西部牢固的绿色生态屏障。积极发展教育事业，加快培养急需的各类人才。增加科技投入，提高科技开发能力。要从各地实际出发，调整和优化产业结构，加强农业，加快资源优势向经济优势转化，培育和形成各具特色的地区经济。西部开发要依托亚欧大陆桥、长江水道、西南出海通道等主要交通干线，发挥中心城市的集聚功能和辐射作用，以线串点，以点带面，培育西陇海兰新线经济带、长江上游经济带和南（宁）贵（阳）昆（明）等经济区，带动周围地区发展。

国务院已颁布重点支持西部大开发的政策措施，国家将增加对西部地区的投入和财政转移支付。西部地区要立足于主要依靠自己的力量，发扬艰苦创业精神，作好长期奋斗的准备；加快改革开放步伐，营造良好的投资环境，更多更好地吸引境内外资金、技术和人才参与西部开发。要加强干部交流。

中部地区要发挥区位优势和综合资源优势，加快经济发展步伐。以主要水陆交通干线地区为重点，发挥中心城市作用，积极培育新的经济增长点和经济带。巩固和发展农业，继续加强基础设施和生态环境建设。加大用高新技术和先进适用技术改造传统产业的力度，提高技术水平和竞争能力。

东部沿海地区要面向国内外市场，加快科技进步和创新，着力发展高新技术产业和外向型经济，提高经济的综合素质和国际竞争力，有条件的地区要率先基本实现现代化。要采取多种形式，加强与中部、西部地区的经济技术合作，支持和带动中西部经济发展，拓展东部结构调整和经济增长的空间。

六、落实科教兴国战略，大力开发人才资源

这是《纲要》的重要内容，也是实现今后五年各项任务的重要保证。

促进科技进步和创新，为结构调整和经济发展提供强大动力。一要积极推进具有战略意义的高技术研究，力争在一些关系国民经济命脉和国家安全的关键技术领域取得突破。努力提高自主创新能力，促进高新技术成果产业化。二要为传统产业升级提供技术支持。重点在农产品加工及转化、装备制造、节水节能、纺织品后整理等方面的技术取得进展，加快高新技术向传统产业渗透。三要加强基础研究和应用基础研究，提高科技持续创新能力。加强基础科学重点领域的前沿性交叉性研究。选择我国具有优势和对发展有重大意义的领域，加强应用基础研究，力争在基因组学、信息科学、纳米科学、生态科学和地球科学等方面取得新进展。促进自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合，推动管理科学发展。重视发展哲学社会科学，推进理论创新。

加快科技体制改革步伐，进一步促进科技与经济紧密结合。加强国家创新体系建设。推动企业成为技术进步和创新的主体。继续鼓励技术开发类科研院所进入企业或改制为企业。积极推进社会公益类科研院所改革。培育和形成一批具有国际影响的科研机构。发展社会化的科技中介服务业。完善风险投资机制，建立创业板股票市场，支持中小企业技术创新。加大国家和社会对科技的投入。加强国家重点实验室建设。

坚持教育适度超前发展，为国民经济和社会发展服务。发展教育，要面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来，着力推进素质教育，促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展。巩固基本普及九年义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的成果，加快高中阶段教育和高等教育的发展，重点建设一批高水平大学和学科。大力发展职业教育和职业培训，建立职业教育与普通教育相互沟通的教育体系。发展成人教育和多种形式的继续教育，逐步形成终身教育体系。重视发展儿童早期教育。利用信息技术发展远程教育。根据经济和社会发展的要求，继续调整教育结构和布局，优化专业设置，更新教材，改革课程体系、考试评价制度和教学方法，提高教学质量。加强德育，尤其要重视青少年的品德教育，改进学校思想政治工作。搞好教师队伍建设，全面提高教师的思想和业务素质。

深化办学体制和教育管理体制改革。依法落实高校办学自主权，继续推进高校后勤服务社会化。鼓励、支持和规范社会力量办学。增加国家和社会对教育的投入。适应农村税费改革后的新情况，县级政府要负责对基础教育经费的统筹，落实教师工资统一发放的措施。中央财政和省级财政要加大对困难地区、民族地区教育的转移支付和专项投入。健全奖学金、助学金和助学贷款等制度。采取有力措施，切实制止学校乱收费。

实施人才战略，把培养、吸引和用好人才作为一项重大任务。着眼于现代化建设全局和长远发展，培养和造就坚持走有中国特色社会主义道路，有较高政治理论素养和开拓精神，掌握现代科学文化和管理知识，并经过实践考验的高素质领导人才队伍。培养和造就具有公仆意识，廉洁、勤政、高素质、专业化的公务员队伍。培养和造就掌握先进科学技术和管理知识、创新能力强、适应经济和社会发展需要的各类专业人才队伍和企业经营管理者队伍。重视培养具有世界前沿水平的学科带头人。普遍提高全体劳动者的科学素养和劳动技能。深化干部人事制度改革，建立和完善对各级各类人才的选拔任用、考核评价、流动配置、激励监督的制度，形成有利于人才辈出、人尽其才的机制。建立和完善人才市场。依法保护知识产权。吸引聘用海外高级专门人才。鼓励留学人员回国工作或以适当方式为祖国服务。

七、进一步深化改革和扩大对外开放

要按照逐步完善社会主义市场经济体制，促进结构调整和经济发展的要求，积极推进改革，扩大对外开放。

继续深化国有企业改革，使企业真正成为市场竞争的主体。重点是加快建立和完善现代企业制度。鼓励国有大中型企业通过规范上市、中外合资和相互参股等形式，实行股份制，转换经营机制。对关系国民经济命脉和国家安全的重要企业，国家必须控股；对其他企业，不必都要控股。积极探索国有资产管理的有效形式。健全企业法人治理结构。特别要建立和完善对国有企业的监管机制，充分发挥监事会的作用。深化企业人事、劳动和分配制度改革，建立健全激励机制和约束机制，强化科学管理。要结合产业结构调整，坚持“有进有退、有所为有所不为”的方针，推进国有经济布局的战略性调整。继续放开搞活国有中小企业。进一步实行政企分开，切实转变政府职能，减少行政性审批。发挥商会、行业协会等中介组织的作用。推进电力、铁路、民航、通信等行业管理体制改革，引入竞争机制。通过改革，使政府与企业的关系真正转到符合社会主义市场经济要求的轨道上来。继续调整和完善所有制结构。坚持以公有制经济为主体，发挥国有经济主导作用，发展多种形式的集体经济，支持、鼓励和引导私营、个体经济健康发展。

大力整顿和规范市场经济秩序，进一步发展市场体系。这既是保证当前经济正常运行的迫切需要，又是完善社会主义市场经济体制的重要举措。要健全市场法律法规，严格执法。完善市场监督机制，运用现代科技手段，加大监管力度。坚持不懈地打击制售假冒伪劣产品、偷税、骗税、骗汇、走私等违法犯罪活动。整顿建筑市场。整顿和规范金融秩序。严肃财经纪律。加强审计监督工作。规范社会中介机构的行为。强化安全生产管理和安全监察。打破部门、行业垄断和地区封锁，反对地方保护主义，尽快建立和完善全国统一、公平竞争、规范有序的市场体系。重点培育和发展要素市场，尤其是资本市场。大力倡导诚实守信的职业道德，加快建立健全社会信用制度。

加强和改善宏观调控，继续深化财税、金融、投资体制改革。根据经济形势变化，实施相应的宏观经济政策。近期要继续实施积极的财政政策，带动投资和促进消费。全面推进依法理财，强化税收征管，严格财政监督，加快税费改革和预算制度改革，健全税制。调整和优化财政支出结构，逐步建立适应社会主义市场经济要求的公共财政框架。在继续扩大国内需求和抑制通货紧缩趋势的情况下，注意防止可能出现的经济过热和通货膨胀。继续实行稳健的货币政策，适时调节货币供应量，保持人民币币值稳定。按照现代银行制度对国有独资商业银行进行综合改革，发挥政策性银行功能，办好中小金融机构。规范和健全证券市场，保护投资者利益。进一步发展保险业。改善和强化金融监管，实行严格的经营管理考核制度和责任追究制度，改进金融服务，努力提高金融资产质量，防范和化解金融风险。深化投资体制改革，全面实行投资项目法人责任制、招标投标制、工程监理制、合同管理制，健全投资约束机制。

适应经济全球化趋势，进一步提高对外开放水平。一要抓紧做好加入世贸组织的准备和过渡期的各项工作。采取切实措施，转变政府管理方式，提高企业竞争能力。深化改革，健全符合国际通行规则和我国国情的对外经济贸易体制。加快修订和完善相关的法律法规。抓紧培养熟悉国际贸易规则的专业人才。二要进一步发展进出口贸易。继续实施以质取胜、科技兴贸战略。优化出口商品结构，提高高新技术产品比重，增加大宗传统商品的技术含量和附加值，扩大服务贸易规模。规范加工贸易管理，提高加工贸易的增值率。大力推进市场多元化战略，开拓新的出口市场。同时，重点进口国内急需的先进技术、关键设备和重要原材料。积极参与多边贸易体系和国际区域经济合作。三要努力提高利用外资水平。有步骤地推进服务领域对外开放。鼓励外商特别是跨国公司投资高新技术产业、基础设施等领域，以及在我国建立研究开发机构，参与国有企业的改组改造。支持有条件的企业到境外上市。进一步改善投资环境。积极探索采用收购、兼并、风险投资、投资基金和证券投资等形式，扩大利用外资规模。积极引导外资更多地投向中西部地区。要继续办好经济特区、浦东新区。四要实施“走出去”战略。鼓励有比较优势的企业到境外投资，开展加工贸易，合作开发资源，发展国际工程承包，扩大劳务出口等。建立和完善政策支持体系，为企业到境外投资兴业创造条件。同时要加强监管，防止国有资产流失。

八、不断改善人民生活，完善社会保障制度

在经济发展的基础上，使人民生活有较大改善，逐步向更加宽裕的小康生活迈进，是今后五年的重要任务。

加快完善社会保障制度。这是关系改革、发展、稳定全局的大事。要确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放。同时，加快形成独立于企业事业单位之外、资金来源多元化、保障制度规范化、管理服务社会化的社会保障体系。精心做好完善城镇社会保障体系的试点工作。完善社会统筹和个人帐户相结合的城镇职工基本养老保险制度。健全失业保险制度，逐步实现国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障和失业保险并轨。加强城市居民最低生活保障制度，关心困难群众的生活。积极推进城镇职工基本医疗保险制度、医疗机构和药品流通体制改革。鼓励有条件的用人单位为职工建立补充养老和医疗保险，并发挥商业保险的作用。建立可靠、稳定的社会保障资金筹措、有效运营和严格管理机制。发展社会福利、社会救济、优抚安置和社会互助等社会保障事业。切实保障妇女、未成年人、老年人、残疾人的合法权益。支持残疾人事业发展。

千方百计扩大就业。“十五”期间扩大就业的任务十分繁重。在保持较快经济增长的同时，要重视发展有比较优势的劳动密集型产业，特别是发展就业容量大的服务业，积极发展集体企业和私营、个体企业，努力增加就业岗位，拓宽就业渠道。加强社区建设，扩大社区服务。发展灵活多样的就业形式。引导人们转变就业观念，鼓励创业和自谋职业。加强劳动力市场建设，完善就业服务体系，发展职业培训，形成市场导向的就业机制。

不断增加居民收入，特别是增加低收入者的收入。建立健全与经济增长相适应的工资支付制度、最低工资制度和最低工资标准调整机制。各级财政要按照“一要吃饭、二要建设”的原则，保证机关事业单位工作人员工资和离退休费按时足额发放，逐步改善他们的工资待遇。深化收入分配制度改革。坚持效率优先、兼顾公平原则。认真贯彻按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的制度，鼓励资本、技术等生产要素参与收益分配。要提高国有企业高层管理人员、技术人员的工资报酬，充分体现他们的劳动价值，可以试行年薪制。但同时要有严格的约束和监督，不能不管工作好坏、企业效益高低，都照拿高薪。对不称职、渎职的人要有相应的制裁措施。对国有上市公司负责人和技术骨干，还可以试行期权制，但不能把国有资产量化给个人。加强对垄断行业个人收入分配的监管。要规范社会分配秩序，强化税收对收入分配的调节功能，防止收入差距过分扩大。

调整消费结构，改善消费环境。着力改善城乡居民的住行条件。大力发展经济适用住房，建立廉租房供应保障体系。积极发展公共交通。加强城市绿化和城乡基础设施建设，改善城乡居民生活环境。发展社区卫生预防保健，努力改善农村卫生服务条件。加强群众性体育设施建设。

九、继续实施可持续发展战略

促进人口、资源、环境协调发展，把实施可持续发展战略放在更突出的位置。

坚持计划生育基本国策。要努力保持低生育水平，促进优生优育。重点做好农村和流动人口计划生育工作。建立计划生育利益导向机制，继续实行地方党政领导责任制。加快人口与计划生育法制建设。认真做好老龄人口的工作，发展老龄事业。

保护和合理利用资源。依法保护和合理利用淡水、土地、能源等宝贵资源。逐步建立战略性矿产资源储备和安全供应体系。加强对海洋资源的综合开发利用和保护。积极开展资源回收利用，大力提高资源综合利用率。健全资源的有偿使用制度。维护矿产等资源的国家所有者权益。完善资源保护和利用的法律法规，强化执法监督。

加强生态建设和环境保护。抓好长江上游、黄河上中游等地区的天然林保护工程建设。继续加强东北、华北、西北和长江中下游等重点防护林体系建设。加强天然草原的保护和建设。推进岩溶地区石漠化综合治理。抓紧治理京津地区风沙源。继续开展重点流域、区域、海域的污染治理。综合治理城市污染，搞好城市绿化，使大中城市环境质量明显改善。重视农村污染治理和环境保护。健全环境、气象和地震监测体系，做好防灾减灾工作。

十、加强精神文明和民主法制建设，加强国防建设

大力加强社会主义精神文明建设。坚持两手抓、两手都要硬的方针。巩固和加强马克思主义的指导地位，用马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论教育人民，弘扬爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义精神。在干部中深入开展“三个代表”重要思想的教育，坚持讲学习、讲政治、讲正气，树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观。努力建立适应社会主义市场经济发展的思想道德体系，把依法治国和以德治国结合起来。普及科学知识，反对愚昧迷信，倡导文明健康的生活方式。进一步发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视等各项事业。坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针，生产出更多更好的精神产品。坚持正确的舆论导向。高度重视新的信息媒体的建设和管理。加强图书馆、文化馆、科技馆、博物馆、档案馆等文化设施建设，加强青少年、老年活动场所建设。继续开展群众性精神文明创建活动。深化文化体制改革，完善文化经济政策，推动有关文化产业发展。整顿和规范文化市场。坚持不懈地开展“扫黄打非”斗争。

积极推进社会主义民主法制建设。发展社会主义民主政治，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。继续推进政治体制改革。实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督，保证人民依法享有广泛的权利和自由，尊重和保障人权。继续加强人民代表大会的立法和监督工作。发挥人民政协的政治协商、民主监督、参政议政作用。完善适应社会主义市场经济体制的法律体系。各级政府要自觉接受同级人大的监督，主动听取政协的意见。推进政府工作法制化，依法行政，从严治政。深化司法改革，严格执法，公正司法。深入开展反腐败斗争，加强廉政建设。强化法制教育，增强全体公民的法制观念。加强政法系统基础设施建设，提高政法队伍素质。

进一步落实党的民族政策，坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，发展平等、团结、互助的社会主义民族关系。结合西部大开发，加大支持力度，加快少数民族和民族地区经济与社会全面发展，促进各民族共同繁荣和进步。全面贯彻党的宗教政策，保障公民宗教信仰自由，依法管理宗教事务，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应。认真贯彻党的侨务政策，充分发挥海外侨胞在祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业中的作用。

进一步维护社会稳定。正确处理新时期人民内部矛盾。重视群众的来信来访。搞好社会治安综合治理，打击各种危害社会与国家安全的犯罪活动。依法打击民族分裂活动、宗教极端势力、暴力恐怖活动、邪教和利用宗教进行非法活动。继续开展同“法轮功”邪教组织的斗争，深入揭露和批判其反人类、反社会、反科学的邪教本质，及其沦为国内外敌对势力反对我国社会主义政权工具的反动面目，依法严厉打击极少数违法犯罪分子，坚持不懈地团结、教育、挽救绝大多数被蒙骗的群众。

加强国防和军队建设。这是国家安全和现代化建设的重要保证。在集中力量发展国民经济的同时，必须积极推进国防建设，增强国防实力。要大力加强军队思想政治建设，确保党对军队的绝对领导和军队建设的正确方向。认真贯彻新时期积极防御的战略方针，坚持改革创新，坚持质量建军，科技强军，勤俭建军，依法治军，走有中国特色的精兵之路，全面提高军队革命化、现代化、正规化建设水平。强化全民国防意识，健全国防动员体制。加强国防科研，推进国防科技工业调整、改革，发展新型武器装备，增强现代技术特别是高技术条件下防卫作战的能力，做好应付各种复杂情况的准备。

各位代表！进入新世纪，我们将继续按照“一国两制”方针和基本法，全力支持香港、澳门特别行政区行政长官和政府依法施政，加强港澳与内地的经济合作及交流，维护香港、澳门的长期繁荣稳定。

尽早解决台湾问题，实现祖国完全统一，是中华儿女的共同期盼，是我们面临的重大任务。我们将继续执行“和平统一、一国两制”的基本方针和江泽民主席提出的八项主张，与广大台湾同胞一道，坚决阻止任何制造分裂的图谋，尽一切可能争取和平统一。我们将坚持一个中国原则，在此基础上继续推动两岸对话与谈判，发展两岸经济文化交流和人员往来。我们坚信，经过中华儿女的不懈奋斗，祖国统一大业必将早日完成。

面对世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展的国际形势，我们将始终不渝地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，在和平共处五项原则的基础上，进一步同世界各国发展友好合作关系，争取一个长期的国际和平环境和良好的周边环境。中国将积极参与国际事务，为维护世界和平、促进国际合作、实现共同发展，为推动建立和平稳定、公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序，作出新的贡献。

各位代表！

2001年是进入新世纪、实施“十五”计划的第一年。全面贯彻党的十五届五中全会和中央经济工作会议精神，做好今年的各项工作，对于实施“十五”计划起好步、开好局，至关重要。要坚持扩大国内需求的方针，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。继续发行1500亿元长期建设国债，集中用于在建项目和西部开发项目。同时，适当增加机关事业单位人员工资，提高城镇低收入者收入。把加强农业基础地位和增加农民收入放在经济工作首位，采取有力措施切实解决当前农业、农村中存在的突出问题。巩固和扩大国有企业改革成果，在建立现代企业制度、转换经营机制和加强科学管理上狠下功夫。抓紧做好加入世贸组织的各项准备工作。加快完善社会保障体系，多渠道扩大就业，改善人民生活。要把大力整顿和规范市场经济秩序，作为一项紧迫的重要任务。加强精神文明和民主法制建设。继续处理好改革、发展、稳定的关系，搞好社会治安综合治理，维护社会稳定。支持北京市申办奥运。要统筹兼顾，乘势前进，保持经济和社会发展的良好势头。

各位代表！

我们已经跨进了21世纪，迈上了向现代化建设第三步战略目标进军的新征程。任何艰难险阻都挡不住中国人民胜利前进的步伐！让我们紧密团结在以江泽民同志为核心的党中央周围，高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，坚持党的基本路线，以“三个代表”重要思想为指导，振奋精神，扎实工作，为实现“十五”计划目标，为把我国建设成为富强民主文明的社会主义现代化国家而努力奋斗！

第三篇：两会政府工作报告(2012年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议)

政府工作报告

——2012年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上

国务院总理 温家宝

十一届全国人大五次会议开幕

温家宝作政府工作报告

2012年3月5日（星期一）上午9时，第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在人民大会堂开幕，听取国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告，审查计划报告和预算报告。[03-05 08:45] 以下是文字实录：

[人民网前方报道组]:十一届全国人大五次会议开幕会将于9时准时开始。[08:49] [吴邦国]:各位代表，第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议出席代表2978人，今天的会议出席2924人，缺席54人，出席人数符合法定人数。现在我宣布，中华人民共和国第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议开幕。[09:05] [吴邦国]:各位代表，今天的全体会有三项议程。现在进行第一项议程，请国务院总理温家宝同志作政府工作报告。[09:05] [温家宝]:各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。[09:07] [温家宝]:

一、2011年工作回顾[09:09][温家宝]:过去的一年，面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，同心同德，团结奋进，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。[09:10] [温家宝]:国内生产总值47.2万亿元，比上年增长9.2％；公共财政收入10.37万亿元，增长24.8％；粮食产量1.14万亿斤，再创历史新高；城镇新增就业1221万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8.4％和11.4％。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果，实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。[09:10] [温家宝]:一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：[09:10] [温家宝]:(一)加强和改善宏观调控，遏制物价过快上涨，实现经济平稳较快发展。我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏，努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度，不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。[09:10] 温家宝]:在全球通胀预期不断增强，国际市场大宗商品价格高位波动，国内要素成本明显上升，部分农产品供给偏紧的严峻形势下，我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，坚持综合施策，合理运用货币政策工具，调节货币信贷增速，大力发展生产，保障供给，搞活流通，加强监管，居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落，扭转了一度过快上涨势头。[09:10]

[温家宝]:下半年，世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升，国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题，我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变，保持宏观经济政策基本稳定，继续控制通货膨胀；一方面适时适度预调微调，加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合，加大结构性减税力度，重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业，重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程，重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要，有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。[09:19] [温家宝]:我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控，确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制，多数城市房价环比下降，调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患，及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用，形成了大量优质资产；也存在一些风险隐患，特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。[09:20] [温家宝]:我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作，严格控制增量，积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前，我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。总的看，我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展，抗风险能力不断增强，呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。[09:20] [温家宝]:(二)加快转变经济发展方式，提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。我们坚持有扶有控，促进结构调整和优化升级，增强发展后劲。[09:21] [温家宝]:巩固和加强农业基础。全面落实强农惠农富农政策，加大农业生产补贴力度，稳步提高粮食最低收购价，加强以农田水利为重点的农业农村基础设施建设，开展农村土地整治，加强农业科技服务和抗灾减灾，中央财政“三农”支出超过1万亿元，比上年增加1839亿元。农业全面丰收，粮食总产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”，连续5年超万亿斤，标志着我国粮食综合生产能力稳定跃上新台阶。[09:21] [温家宝]:继续推进农村危房改造，解决了6398万农村人口的饮水困难和60万无电地区人口的用电问题，农村生产生活条件进一步改善。加快产业结构优化升级。大力培育战略性新兴产业，新能源、新材料、生物医药、高端装备制造、新能源汽车快速发展，三网融合、云计算、物联网试点示范工作步伐加快。企业兼并重组取得新进展。[09:21] [温家宝]:支持重点产业振兴和技术改造，中央预算投资安排150亿元，支持4000多个项目，带动总投资3000亿元。加快发展信息咨询、电子商务等现代服务业，新兴服务领域不断拓宽。交通运输产业快速发展，经济社会发展的基础进一步夯实。[09:22] [温家宝]:推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工作方案和加强环境保护重点工作的意见。清洁能源发电装机达到2.9亿千瓦，比上年增加3356万千瓦。加强重点节能环保工程建设，新增城镇污水日处理能力1100万吨，5000多万千瓦新增燃煤发电机组全部安装脱硫设施。加大对高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业的调控力度，淘汰落后的水泥产能1.5亿吨、炼铁产能3122万吨、焦炭产能1925万吨。[09:22] [温家宝]:实施天然林保护二期工程并提高补助标准，实行草原生态保护奖补政策，开展湖泊生态环境保护试点。植树造林9200多万亩。[09:22] [温家宝]:促进区域经济协调发展。深入实施区域发展总体战略和全国主体功能区规划。出台实施促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的一系列优惠政策。制定实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要和兴边富民行动规划。区域发展协调性进一步增强，中西部和东北地区主要经济指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快。[09:23] [温家宝]:城镇化率超过50％，这是中国社会结构的一个历史性变化。胜利完成四川汶川特大地震灾后恢复重建任务，积极推进青海玉树、甘肃舟曲、云南盈江抗灾救灾和恢复重建工作。[09:23] [温家宝]:(三)大力发展社会事业，促进经济社会协调发展。各级政府加大对科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育事业的投入，全国财政支出2.82万亿元。[09:23] [温家宝]:持续提升科技创新能力。加强基础研究和前沿技术研究。实施国家科技重大专项，突破一些关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。天宫一号目标飞行器与神舟八号飞船先后成功发射并顺利交会对接，成为我国载人航天发展史上新的里程碑。[09:23] [温家宝]:扎实推进教育公平。深入贯彻落实教育改革和发展规划纲要。经过25年坚持不懈的努力，全面实现“两基”目标。免除3000多万名农村寄宿制学生住宿费，其中1228万名中西部家庭经济困难学生享受生活补助。建立起完整的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。初步解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的问题。[09:24] [温家宝]:推动实施“学前教育三年行动计划”，提高幼儿入园率。大力发展职业教育。加强中小学教师培训工作，扩大中小学教师职称制度改革试点，提高中小学教师队伍整体素质。首届免费师范生全部到中小学任教，90％以上在中西部。[09:24] [温家宝]:大力加强文化建设。中央财政加大对文化惠民工程的支持，各地对公益性文化事业投入显著增加。扩大公共文化设施免费开放范围，服务面逐步拓展。文化体制改革继续推进，文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。大力加强群众体育设施建设，全民健身活动蓬勃开展，体育事业取得新成绩。[09:24] [温家宝]:积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展。基本医疗保险覆盖范围继续扩大，13亿城乡居民参保，全民医保体系初步形成。政策范围内住院费用报销比例提高，重大疾病医疗保障病种范围进一步扩大。各级财政对城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准由每人每年120元提高到200元。国家基本药物制度在政府办基层医疗卫生机构实现全覆盖，基本药物安全性提高、价格下降。公立医院改革试点有序进行。基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。基本公共卫生服务均等化取得新进展。[09:25] [温家宝]:(四)切实保障和改善民生，解决关系群众切身利益的问题。我们坚持民生优先，努力使发展成果惠及全体人民，促进社会公平正义。[09:26] [温家宝]:实施更加积极的就业政策。多渠道开发就业岗位，全力推动以创业带动就业，加强职业技能培训和公共就业服务体系建设。加大财政、税收、金融等方面支持力度，着力促进高校毕业生、农民工等重点人群就业。高校毕业生初次就业率77.8％，同比提高1.2个百分点。农民工总量2.53亿人，比上年增长4.4％，其中，外出农民工1.59亿人，增长3.4％。[09:26] [温家宝]:积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高，连续两年快于城镇居民；各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准；连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多万人受益；进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准，对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴；建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。扩大中等收入者所占比重。[09:26] [温家宝]:个人所得税起征点从2000元提高到3500元。降低900多万个体工商户税负。中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元（2010年不变价）作为新的国家扶贫标准，比2009年提高92％，把更多农村低收入人口纳入扶贫范围，这是社会的巨大进步。[09:27] [温家宝]:加强社会保障体系建设。社会保障覆盖范围继续扩大，全国参加城镇基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险人数大幅增加。2147个县（市、区）实施城镇居民社会养老保险试点，1334万人参保，641万人领取养老金。2343个县（市、区）开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，3.58亿人参保，9880万人领取养老金，覆盖面扩大到60％以上。[09:30] [温家宝]:解决了500多万名集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题。将312万名企业“老工伤”人员和工亡职工供养亲属纳入工伤保险统筹管理。养老保险跨地区转移接续工作有序推进。社会保障体系不断健全，向制度全覆盖迈出重大步伐，这是推进基本公共服务均等化取得的重要成就。[09:36] [温家宝]:大力推进保障性安居工程建设。出台关于保障性安居工程建设和管理的指导意见，完善财政投入、土地供应、信贷支持、税费减免等政策，着力提高规划建设和工程质量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和办法。中央财政安排资金1713亿元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城镇保障性住房基本建成432万套，新开工建设1043万套。[09:37] [温家宝]:努力维护社会公共安全。加强安全生产监管，做好重特大安全事故的处置、调查、问责工作。完善食品安全监管体制机制，集中打击、整治非法添加和违法生产加工行为。坚持以人为本、服务为先，加强和创新社会管理，着力排查化解各类社会矛盾，依法打击违法犯罪活动，保持社会和谐稳定。[09:37] [温家宝]:

（五）深入推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。我们按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务，加大攻坚力度，推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。[09:37] [温家宝]:完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度，把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理，扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围，深化部门预算改革，推进政府预算、决算公开，98个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。在全国范围实施原油、天然气资源税从价计征改革，出台营业税改征增值税试点方案。把跨境贸易人民币结算范围扩大到全国，启动境外直接投资人民币结算试点，开展外商直接投资人民币结算业务。[09:37] [温家宝]:深化集体林权制度改革，启动国有林场改革试点，依法开展草原承包经营登记。推进水利建设管理体制改革，创新水资源管理体制。深化国有企业改革。启动实施电网主辅分离改革重组以及上网电价和非居民用电价格调整方案。基本完成乡镇机构改革。事业单位分类改革有序开展。[09:37] [温家宝]:我们坚持出口和进口并重，利用外资和对外投资并举，全面提升开放型经济水平。积极推进市场多元化战略，努力优化贸易结构。全年货物进出口总额3.64万亿美元，增长22.5％，其中，出口增长20.3％，进口增长24.9％，贸易顺差进一步下降。实际使用外商直接投资1160亿美元，服务业和中西部地区比重提高。企业“走出去”步伐加快，非金融类对外直接投资601亿美元。积极参与国际和区域经济合作，多边双边经贸关系继续深化。[09:38] [温家宝]:我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的进展。[09:38] [温家宝]:过去一年的成绩来之不易，显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性和生命力，增强了中华民族的自豪感和凝聚力。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央科学决策、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。[09:39] [温家宝]:我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！[09:39] [温家宝]:我们也清醒地看到，我国经济社会发展仍然面临不少困难和挑战。从国际看，世界经济复苏进程艰难曲折，国际金融危机还在发展，一些国家主权债务危机短期内难以缓解。主要发达经济体失业率居高难下，增长动力不足，新兴经济体面临通货膨胀和经济增速回落的双重压力。主要货币汇率剧烈波动，大宗商品价格大幅震荡。国际贸易投资保护主义强化。从国内看，解决体制性结构性矛盾，缓解发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题更为迫切、难度更大，经济运行中又出现不少新情况新问题。[09:39] [温家宝]:主要是：经济增长存在下行压力，物价水平仍处高位，房地产市场调控处于关键阶段，农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大，就业总量压力与结构性矛盾并存，一些企业特别是小型微型企业经营困难增多，部分行业产能过剩凸显，能源消费总量增长过快。一些长期矛盾与短期问题相互交织，结构性因素和周期性因素相互作用，国内问题和国际问题相互关联，宏观调控面临更加复杂的局面。[09:39] [温家宝]:政府工作仍存在一些缺点和不足，节能减排、物价调控目标没有完成；征地拆迁、安全生产、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面问题还很突出，群众反映强烈；政府管理和服务水平有待提高，廉政建设亟需加强。[09:40] [温家宝]:我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切实解决存在的问题，努力把各项工作做得更好，决不辜负人民的重托。[09:40] [温家宝]:

二、2012年工作总体部署[09:40] [温家宝]:今年是“十二五”时期承前启后的重要一年，也是本届政府任期的最后一年。我们要恪尽职守、锐意进取、攻坚克难、决不懈怠，交出一份人民满意的答卷。[09:40] [温家宝]:我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期，在较长时期内继续保持经济平稳较快发展具备不少有利条件。工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进，消费结构和产业结构升级蕴藏着巨大的需求潜力；经过30多年改革开放，我国发展建立了良好的物质基础和体制条件，宏观调控经验不断丰富，企业竞争力和抗风险能力明显提高；东部地区创新发展能力增强，中西部地区和东北等老工业基地发展潜力有序释放；经济发展的传统优势依然存在，劳动力资源丰富、素质提高；财政收支状况良好，金融体系运行稳健，社会资金比较充裕。[09:45] [温家宝]:世界经济政治格局正在发生深刻变化，和平、发展、合作仍然是时代潮流，总体上有利于我国和平发展。我们要坚定信心，善于运用有利条件和积极因素，继续抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，推动经济平稳较快发展，不断增强我国的综合国力和国际影响力。[09:45] [温家宝]:我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持稳中求进，加强和改善宏观调控，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，着力加强自主创新和节能减排，着力深化改革开放，着力保障和改善民生，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，努力实现经济平稳较快发展和物价总水平基本稳定，保持社会和谐稳定，以经济社会发展的优异成绩迎接党的十八大胜利召开。[09:45] [温家宝]:今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长7.5％；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6％以内；居民消费价格涨幅控制在4％左右；进出口总额增长10％左右，国际收支状况继续改善。同时，要在产业结构调整、自主创新、节能减排等方面取得新进展，城乡居民收入实际增长和经济增长保持同步。[09:46] [温家宝]:这里要着重说明，国内生产总值增长目标略微调低，主要是要与“十二五”规划目标逐步衔接，引导各方面把工作着力点放到加快转变经济发展方式、切实提高经济发展质量和效益上来，以利于实现更长时期、更高水平、更好质量发展。提出居民消费价格涨幅控制在4％左右，综合考虑了输入性通胀因素、要素成本上升影响以及居民承受能力，也为价格改革预留一定空间。[09:46]

一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾

“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战，中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民，全面推进改革开放和现代化建设，国家面貌发生了历史性变化。

——这五年，我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展，胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标和任务，国民经济迈上新的台阶。国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元，年均增长11.2%，财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。

——这五年，各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面进步。城镇新增就业5771万人，转移农业劳动力4500万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%；覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。

——这五年，改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元，开放型经济水平快速提升。

——这五年，我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用，有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会，实现了中华民族的百年梦想。

这些辉煌成就，充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性，展现了改革开放的伟大力量，极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力，必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。

五年来，我们主要做了以下工作：

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度，牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。“十一五”前期，针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩，以及结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题，采取正确的政策措施，有效防止了苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。近两年，面对百年罕见的国际金融危机冲击，我们沉着应对，科学决策，果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划，大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税，大范围实施重点产业调整振兴规划，大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑，大幅度提高社会保障水平。坚持扩大内需的战略方针，采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施，增加城乡居民特别是低收入群众收入，消费规模持续扩大，结构不断升级。实施两年新增４万亿元的投资计划，其中，新增中央投资1.18万亿元。保障性安居工程、农村民生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%，自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%，重大基础设施建设占23.6%，灾后恢复重建占14.8%。政府投资引导带动社会投资，国内需求大幅增加，有效弥补外需缺口，较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势，在世界率先实现回升向好，既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生，又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

（二）毫不放松地做好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础。中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿元，年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费，结束了农民种田交税的历史，每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制，农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策，小麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。粮食产量屡创历史新高，去年达到54641万吨，连续7年增产；农民人均纯收入达到5919元，实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进，集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。农业农村基础设施加快建设，完成7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固，解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题，农民的日子越过越好，农村发展进入一个新时代。

（三）大力推进经济结构调整，提高经济增长质量和效益。一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组，工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。战略性新兴产业迅速成长。加快建设国家创新体系，实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程，突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术，一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展，在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快，五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里，新增公路63.9万公里，其中高速公路3.3万公里，新建、改扩建机场33个，新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施，制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能源，新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦，其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设，完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里，加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计，单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，推出促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快，经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平；东部地区经济结构不断优化，自主创新和竞争力逐步提高；地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小，各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。

（四）坚定不移深化改革开放，增强经济社会发展内在活力。财政转移支付制度逐步完善，县级基本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施，成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进，资源税改革启动试点，内外资企业税制全面统一。国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成，政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进；平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题，创业板、股指期货和融资融券顺利推出，债券市场稳步发展；深入推进保险业改革开放；人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进，跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策，非公有制经济发展环境不断改善，多种所有制经济共同发展。不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%，结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降，2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提高。企业“走出去”步伐明显加快，累计对外直接投资2200亿美元，对外工程承包和劳务合作营业额3352亿美元。积极参与全球经济治理机制改革和区域合作机制建设，多边、双边经贸合作继续深化。对外援助规模持续扩大。对外开放有力促进了经济发展和结构调整，增加了就业，吸收了先进技术和管理经验，大大提高了我国的国际地位。

（五）加快发展社会事业，切实保障和改善民生。始终坚持经济发展与社会发展相协调，围绕改善民生谋发展。把就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置。加强职业培训和就业服务，促进高校毕业生、农村转移劳动力、城镇就业困难人员就业，做好退役军人就业安置工作。实施劳动合同法和就业促进法，普遍提高最低工资标准，推动建立和谐劳动关系。覆盖城乡的社会保障体系建设取得突破性进展，城镇职工基本养老保险实现省级统筹，实施养老保险关系跨省转移接续办法，连续7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平，年均增长10%，新型农村社会养老保险试点覆盖24%的县。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革，全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度，惠及12.67亿城乡居民。最低生活保障制度实现全覆盖，城乡社会救助体系基本建立，社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。全国社会保障基金积累7810亿元，比五年前增加5800多亿元。大力实施保障性住房建设和棚户区改造，使1100万户困难家庭住上了新房。我们要持之以恒，努力让全体人民老有所养、病有所医、住有所居。

制定和实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。五年全国财政教育支出累计4.45万亿元，年均增长22.4%。全面实现城乡免费义务教育，所有适龄儿童都能“不花钱、有学上”。义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度全面实施。中等职业教育对农村经济困难家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉农专业的学生实行免费。加快实施国家助学制度，财政投入从2006年的18亿元增加到2010年的306亿元，覆盖面从高等学校扩大到中等职业学校和普通高中，共资助学生2130万名，还为1200多万名义务教育寄宿生提供生活补助。加快农村中小学危房改造和职业教育基础设施建设。全面提高高等教育质量和水平，增强高校创新能力。制定并实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，中央财政科技投入6197亿元，年均增长22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加强基层医疗卫生服务能力建设。国家财政安排专项资金，改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院，建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快，文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进，“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会管理，社会保持和谐稳定。

抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利，汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成，玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼，中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强，中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。

五年来，我们不断深化行政管理体制改革，加快转变政府职能，全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革，深入推进依法行政，建设法治政府和服务型政府，推进政务公开，加强行政问责，坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争，政府自身建设取得积极进展。

过去五年，我们是一步一个脚印走过来的，中国人民有理由为此感到自豪！五年的成绩来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！

我们清醒地认识到，我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是：经济增长的资源环境约束强化，投资与消费关系失衡，收入分配差距较大，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展不协调，就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存，制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多；服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决，主要是：优质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均；物价上涨压力加大，部分城市房价涨幅过高；违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多；食品安全问题比较突出；一些领域腐败现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，通过艰苦细致的工作和坚持不懈的努力，加快解决这些问题，让人民满意！

回顾“十一五”时期的政府工作，我们进一步加深了以下几个方面的认识和体会。

一是必须坚持科学发展。我们战胜各种严峻挑战，靠的是发展；各领域取得的一切成就和进步，靠的是发展；解决前进道路上的困难和问题，仍然要靠发展。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，必须坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持科学发展。要以人为本，把保障和改善民生作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点，坚定不移走共同富裕道路，使发展成果惠及全体人民；坚持统筹兼顾，促进城乡、区域、经济社会协调发展；加快转变经济发展方式，大力推进自主创新，节约资源和保护环境，使经济社会发展与人口资源环境相协调，提高发展的全面性、协调性和可持续性。二是必须坚持政府调控与市场机制有机统一。健全的市场机制，有效的宏观调控，都是社会主义市场经济体制不可或缺的重要组成部分。市场作用多一些还是政府作用多一些，必须相机抉择。在应对国际金融危机冲击中，我们加强和改善宏观调控，及时纠正市场扭曲，弥补市场失灵，防止经济出现大的起落，实践证明是完全正确的。我们必须不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，激发经济的内在活力，同时，科学运用宏观调控手段，促进经济长期平稳较快发展。

三是必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局。在经济全球化深入发展和对外开放不断深化的条件下，我国经济同世界经济的联系日益紧密，互动和依存不断增强。必须树立世界眼光，加强战略思维，善于从国际形势发展变化中充分把握发展机遇，稳妥应对风险挑战，利用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源，统筹处理好国内发展与对外开放关系，真正做到内外兼顾、均衡发展。

四是必须坚持把改革开放作为经济社会发展的根本动力。改革开放是实现国家强盛、人民幸福的必由之路，必须贯穿社会主义现代化建设全过程。我们要以更大的决心和勇气推进改革，提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等各方面改革创新，从根本上破除体制机制障碍，最大限度解放和发展生产力，促进社会公平正义。要坚持把改善人民生活作为正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点，把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来，以改革促进和谐稳定，确保人民安居乐业、社会安宁有序、国家长治久安。

二、“十二五”时期的主要目标和任务 根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》，我们编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要（草案）》，提交大会审议。

“十二五”是全面建设小康社会的关键时期，是深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。从国际看，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，和平、发展、合作仍是时代潮流。国际金融危机影响深远，世界经济结构加快调整，全球经济治理机制深刻变革，科技创新和产业转型孕育突破，发展中国家特别是新兴市场国家整体实力步入上升期。从国内看，我国发展的有利条件和长期向好的趋势没有改变，工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展，市场需求潜力巨大，资金供给充裕，科技和教育水平整体提升，劳动力素质提高，基础设施日益完善，政府宏观调控和应对重大挑战的能力明显增强，社会大局保持稳定。综合判断国际国内形势，我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。

我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，适应国内外形势新变化，顺应各族人民过上更好生活新期待，以科学发展为主题，以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，深化改革开放，保障和改善民生，巩固和扩大应对国际金融危机冲击成果，促进经济长期平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定，为全面建成小康社会打下具有决定性意义的基础。

——我们要推动经济发展再上新台阶。今后五年，我国经济增长预期目标是在明显提高质量和效益的基础上年均增长7%。按2010年价格计算，2015年国内生产总值将超过55万亿元。要继续加强和改善宏观调控，保持价格总水平基本稳定，把短期调控政策和长期发展政策结合起来，坚持实施扩大内需战略，充分挖掘我国内需的巨大潜力，加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新局面。

——我们要加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，推动信息化和工业化深度融合，改造提升制造业，培育发展战略性新兴产业。加快发展服务业，服务业增加值在国内生产总值中的比重提高4个百分点。积极稳妥推进城镇化，城镇化率从47.5%提高到51.5%，完善城市化布局和形态，不断提升城镇化的质量和水平。继续加强基础设施建设，进一步夯实经济社会发展基础。大力发展现代农业，加快社会主义新农村建设。深入实施区域发展总体战略和主体功能区战略，逐步实现基本公共服务均等化。促进城乡、区域良性互动，一二三产业协调发展。

——我们要大力发展社会事业。坚持优先发展教育，稳步提升全民受教育程度。坚持自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的方针，完善科技创新体系和支持政策，着力推进重大科学技术突破。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到2.2%，促进科技成果更好地转化为生产力。适应现代化建设需要，加强人才培养，努力造就规模宏大的高素质人才队伍。大力加强文化建设，推动文化改革发展实现新跨越，满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。大力发展体育事业。进一步深化医药卫生体制改革，健全基本医疗卫生制度，加快实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标。创新社会管理体制机制，加强社会管理法律、体制、能力建设，确保社会既充满活力又和谐稳定。

——我们要扎实推进资源节约和环境保护。积极应对气候变化。加强资源节约和管理，提高资源保障能力，加大耕地保护、环境保护力度，加强生态建设和防灾减灾体系建设，全面增强可持续发展能力。非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到11.4%，单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低16%和17%，主要污染物排放总量减少8%至10%，森林蓄积量增加6亿立方米，森林覆盖率达到21.66%。切实加强水利基础设施建设，推进大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理，明显提高基本农田灌溉、水资源有效利用水平和防洪能力。

——我们要全面改善人民生活。坚持把增加就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标，为全体劳动者创造公平的就业机会，五年城镇新增就业4500万人。坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步、劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步，逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重，加快形成合理的收入分配格局。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均实际增长超过7%。提高扶贫标准，减少贫困人口。加快完善社会保障制度，进一步提高保障水平。城乡基本养老、基本医疗保障制度实现全覆盖，提高并稳定城乡三项基本医疗保险参保率，政策范围内的医保基金支付水平提高到70%以上，全国城镇保障性住房覆盖面达到20%左右。坚持计划生育基本国策，逐步完善政策，促进人口长期均衡发展，人均预期寿命提高1岁，达到74.5岁。

——我们要全面深化改革开放。更加重视改革顶层设计和总体规划，大力推进经济体制改革，积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革，加快推进文化体制、社会体制改革，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，扩大社会主义民主，完善社会主义法制，使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化，为科学发展提供有力保障。坚持和完善基本经济制度，营造各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。加快财税金融体制改革，积极构建有利于转变经济发展方式的财税体制，构建组织多元、服务高效、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系。深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革，建立健全能够灵活反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制。实施更加积极主动的开放战略，培育参与国际合作与竞争新优势，进一步形成互利共赢的开放新格局。

——我们要不断加强政府自身改革建设。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，必须对人民负责，为人民谋利益，接受人民监督；必须最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务，管理经济和文化事业；必须坚持依法治国基本方略，加强维护群众利益的法制建设，推进依法行政；必须实行科学、民主决策，建立健全决策、执行、监督既相互制约又相互协调的运行机制，确保权力正确行使；必须从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况，坚决惩治和预防腐败；必须保障人民的民主权利和合法权益，维护社会公平正义。

总之，经过未来五年努力，实现“十二五”规划的各项目标，我国的综合国力就会有更大的提升，人民生活就会有更大的改善，国家面貌就会发生更大的变化。

三、2011年的工作

2011年，是“十二五”开局之年，做好今年的工作对于完成“十二五”各项目标任务至关重要。过去一年，我们的各项工作取得了很大成绩。国内生产总值增长10.3%，居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.3%，城镇新增就业1168万人，国际收支状况有所改善。这为做好今年的工作打下了良好基础。

今年，我国发展面临的形势仍然极其复杂。世界经济将继续缓慢复苏，但复苏的基础不牢。发达经济体经济增长乏力，失业率居高难下，一些国家主权债务危机隐患仍未消除，主要发达经济体进一步推行宽松货币政策，全球流动性大量增加，国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率加剧波动，新兴市场资产泡沫和通胀压力加大，保护主义继续升温，国际市场竞争更加激烈，不稳定不确定因素仍然较多。我国经济运行中一些长期问题和短期问题相互交织，体制性矛盾和结构性问题叠加在一起，加大了宏观调控难度。我们要准确判断形势，保持清醒头脑，增强忧患意识，做好应对风险的准备。

今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长8%左右；经济结构进一步优化；居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4%左右；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内；国际收支状况继续改善。总的考虑是，为转变经济发展方式创造良好环境，引导各方面把工作着力点放在加快经济结构调整、提高发展质量和效益上，放在增加就业、改善民生、促进社会和谐上。

实现上述目标，要保持宏观经济政策的连续性、稳定性，提高针对性、灵活性、有效性，处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重稳定物价总水平，防止经济出现大的波动。

继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适当的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字9000亿元，其中中央财政赤字7000亿元，继续代地方发债2000亿元并纳入地方预算，赤字规模比上年预算减少1500亿元，赤字率下降到2%左右。要着力优化财政支出结构，增加“三农”、欠发达地区、民生、社会事业、结构调整、科技创新等重点支出；压缩一般性支出，严格控制党政机关办公楼等楼堂馆所建设，出国（境）经费、车辆购置及运行费、公务接待费等支出原则上零增长，切实降低行政成本。继续实行结构性减税。依法加强税收征管。对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，实施全口径监管，研究建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制。

实施稳健的货币政策。保持合理的社会融资规模，广义货币增长目标为16%。健全宏观审慎政策框架，综合运用价格和数量工具，提高货币政策有效性。提高直接融资比重，发挥好股票、债券、产业基金等融资工具的作用，更好地满足多样化投融资需求。着力优化信贷结构，引导商业银行加大对重点领域和薄弱环节的信贷支持，严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业贷款。进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制。密切监控跨境资本流动，防范“热钱”流入。加强储备资产的投资和风险管理，提高投资收益。

今年，重点要做好以下几方面工作。

（一）保持物价总水平基本稳定

当前，物价上涨较快，通胀预期增强，这个问题涉及民生、关系全局、影响稳定。要把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，充分发挥我国主要工业品总体供大于求、粮食库存充裕、外汇储备较多等有利条件，努力消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响，消化要素成本上涨压力，正确引导市场预期，坚决抑制价格上涨势头。要以经济和法律手段为主，辅之以必要的行政手段，全面加强价格调控和监管。一是有效管理市场流动性，控制物价过快上涨的货币条件。把握好政府管理商品和服务价格的调整时机、节奏和力度。二是大力发展生产，保障主要农产品、基本生活必需品、重要生产资料的生产和供应。落实“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。三是加强农产品流通体系建设，积极开展“农超对接”，畅通鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”。完善重要商品储备制度和主要农产品临时收储制度，把握好国家储备吞吐调控时机，搞好进出口调节，增强市场调控能力。四是加强价格监管，维护市场秩序。特别要强化价格执法，严肃查处恶意炒作、串通涨价、哄抬价格等不法行为。五是完善补贴制度，建立健全社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制，绝不能让物价上涨影响低收入群众的正常生活。

（二）进一步扩大内需特别是居民消费需求 扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期战略方针和基本立足点，也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。

积极扩大消费需求。继续增加政府用于改善和扩大消费的支出，增加对城镇低收入居民和农民的补贴。继续实施家电下乡和以旧换新政策。加强农村和中小城市商贸流通、文化体育、旅游、宽带网络等基础设施建设。大力促进文化消费、旅游消费和养老消费。推动农村商业连锁经营和统一配送，优化城镇商业网点布局，积极发展电子商务、网络购物、地理信息等新型服务业态。大力整顿和规范市场秩序，切实维护消费者权益。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品的专项治理行动。

大力优化投资结构。认真落实国务院关于鼓励引导民间投资新36条，抓紧制定公开透明的市场准入标准和支持政策，切实放宽市场准入，真正破除各种有形和无形的壁垒，鼓励和引导民间资本进入基础产业和基础设施、市政公用事业、社会事业、金融服务等领域，推动民营企业加强自主创新和转型升级，鼓励和引导民间资本重组联合和参与国有企业改革，加强对民间投资的服务、指导和规范管理，促进社会投资稳定增长和结构优化。充分发挥政府投资对结构调整的引导作用，优先保证重点在建、续建项目的资金需求，有序启动“十二五”规划重大项目建设。防止盲目投资和重复建设。严格执行投资项目用地、节能、环保、安全等准入标准，提高投资质量和效益。

（三）巩固和加强农业基础地位

坚持把“三农”工作放在重中之重，在工业化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化，巩固和发展农业农村好形势。确保农产品供给，多渠道增加农民收入。要把保障粮食安全作为首要目标，毫不放松地抓好农业生产。稳定粮食种植面积，支持优势产区生产棉花、油料、糖料等大宗产品。大力发展畜牧业、渔业、林业。切实抓好新一轮“菜篮子”工程建设，大中城市郊区要有基本的菜地面积和生鲜食品供给能力。强化农业科技支撑，发展壮大农作物种业，大规模开展高产创建。继续实施粮食最低收购价政策，今年小麦最低收购价每50公斤提高5到7元，水稻最低收购价每50公斤提高9到23元。大力发展农村非农产业，壮大县域经济，提高农民职业技能和创业、创收能力，促进农民就地就近转移就业。提高扶贫标准，加大扶贫开发力度。

大兴水利，全面加强农业农村基础设施建设。重点加强农田水利建设、中小河流治理、小型水库和病险水闸除险加固以及山洪地质灾害防治。完善排灌设施，发展节水灌溉，加固河流堤岸，搞好清淤疏浚，消除水库隐患，扩大防洪库容。通过几年努力，全面提高防汛抗旱、防灾减灾能力。大力推进农村土地开发整理，大规模建设旱涝保收高标准农田，加快全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。加强农村水电路气房建设，大力改善农村生产生活条件，努力为农民建设美好家园。

第四篇：2012年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上

2012年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上

政府工作报告

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，遏制物价过快上涨，实现经济平稳较快发展。

（二）加快转变经济发展方式，提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。我们坚持有扶有

控，促进结构调整和优化升级，增强发展后劲。

1.巩固和加强农业基础

2.加快产业结构优化升级。

3.推进节能减排和生态环境保护。

4.促进区域经济协调发展。

（三）大力发展社会事业，促进经济社会协调发展。

1.。持续提升科技创新能力。

2.扎实推进教育公平。

3.大力加强文化建设。

4.积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展

（四）切实保障和改善民生，解决关系群众切身利益的问题。我们坚持民生优先，努力使发展成果惠及全体人民，促进社会公平正义。

1.实施更加积极的就业政策。

2.积极调整收入分配关系。

3.加强社会保障体系建设。

4.大力推进保障性安居工程建设。

5努力维护社会公共安全。

（五）深入推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。我们按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务，加大攻坚力度，推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。

1.完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度，把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理，扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围，深化部门预算改革，推进政府预算、决算公开，98个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。

2.我们坚持出口和进口并重，利用外资和对外投资并举，全面提升开放型经济水平。

3.我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的进展。

第五篇：政府工作报告2008年3月5日(英文版)

Report on the Work of the Government(2008)

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years The past five years since the First Session of the 10th National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the 16th CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded 1.52 trillion U.S.dollars.1 The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached 2.17 trillion dollars in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned space flights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Old field.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million KW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million KW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People's health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.Personal income and consumer spending.Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.Public administration.Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China's security and maintained law and order.Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-U.S.relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the well-being of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.-There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance.China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years.Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems.There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high.Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry.China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great.Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak.The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked.In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.-More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.-Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy.The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer.The impact of the U.S.sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets.Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market.Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased.The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.All this could adversely affect China's economic development.China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.-The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.Fellow Deputies，The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.II.Major Tasks for 2008

This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: on the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: we must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations.We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:

1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas:

First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.The major measures we are going to take are as follows: First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and

do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all

types of investment activities in the country.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries.We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, and platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the

development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and

intensify efforts to make greater progress.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.35 Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.36 We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent

goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.38

We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve

and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.We will continue to give priority to developing education.First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic

disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas:

First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state

plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.42 We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase

employment, a matter that is crucial to people's well being.We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning Jan.1 this year.Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development

of the system.First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to

entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.The following four measures will be adopted this year:

First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.46 In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and

extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent

environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of

administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, maintain law and order through a full range of measures and launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security.We will reform and intensify community policing in both urban and rural areas and improve services for and management of the floating population.Focusing on addressing serious public security issues and improving conditions in areas with poor public order, we will work to prevent crime and crack down on crime and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property and ensure social stability.We will redouble our efforts to safeguard national security.We will strengthen efforts to ensure workplace safety.We will work harder to prevent serious and major accidents by addressing their root causes.We will consolidate and build upon progress in bringing coalmine gas buildup under control, improve coalmine safety and shut down coalmines that do not meet safety standards.We will continue to carry out campaigns to address safety problems in key industries and areas.We will work harder to identify and eliminate hidden perils, and improve the system for controlling major hazards and monitoring major sources of danger and the system for forecasting, giving early warning, preventing, responding to and mitigating disasters.We will tighten oversight for workplace safety in accordance with the law and rigorously investigate industrial accidents and prosecute those responsible for them.9.Accelerating reform of the administrative system and intensifying government self-improvement.50