美国示范商业公司法(中英文对照)

第一篇：美国示范商业公司法(中英文对照)

MODEL BUSINESS CORPORATION ACT 示范商业公司法

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS 第一章 总 则

Subchapter A.SHORT TITLE AND RESERVATION OF POWER 第一节 简称和权力的保留 § 1.01.Short title 简称 § 1.02.Reservation of power to amend or repeal 保留修订和废除本法的权力 Subchapter B.FILING DOCUMENTS 第二节文件的提交 § 1.20.Requirements for documents;extrinsic facts 申请条件与外部事实 § 1.21.Forms 表格 § 1.22.Filing, service, and copying fees 申报费、服务费以及复印费 § 1.23.Effective time and date of document 文件生效时间与日期 § 1.24.Correcting filed document 对已申请文件的纠正 § 1.25.Filing duty of secretary of state 州务卿的备案归档职责 § 1.26.Appeal from secretary of state's refusal to file document 对州务卿拒绝接受文件归档时的上诉 § 1.27.Evidentiary effect of copy of filed document 已归档文件副本的证据效力 § 1.28.Certificate of existence 关于公司存续的证明书 § 1.29.Penalty for signing false document 对签署假文件的惩罚 Subchapter C.SECRETARY OF STATE 第三节 州务卿 § 1.30.Powers 州务卿的权力 Subchapter D.DEFINITIONS 第四节 定义 § 1.40.Act definitions 本法案中的定义 § 1.41.Notice 通知 § 1.42.Number of shareholders 股东人数

Subchapter A.SHORT TITLE AND RESERVATION OF POWER § 1.01.SHORT TITLE 第一节 简称和权力保留 § 1.01.简称

This Act shall be known and may be cited as the “[name of state] Business Corporation Act.” 本法应称为并引用为《（州的名称）公司法》。§ 1.02.RESERVATION OF POWER TO AMEND OR REPEAL

§ 1.02.保留修订和废除本法的权力

The [name of state legislature] has power to amend or repeal all or part of this Act at any time and all domestic and foreign corporations subject to this Act are governed by the amendment or repeal.（州立法机构的名称）有权随时修订或废除本法的全部或部分条款，并且原来受本法制约的所有本州和外州的公司都受本法的修订或废除的管辖。Subchapter B.FILING DOCUMENTS 第二节文件的提交 § 1.20.REQUIREMENTS FOR DOCUMENTS;EXTRINSIC FACTS § 1.20.申请文件与外部事实

(a)A document must satisfy the requirements of this section, and of any other section that adds to or varies these requirements, to be entitled to filing by the secretary of state.(a)凡应被州务卿归档的申请文件应该符合本节规定的申请条件以及其他任何章节对这些条件所作的增补和变动。

(b)This Act must require or permit filing the document in the office of the secretary of state.(b)本法必须规定要向州务卿办公室提出申请文件。

(c)The document must contain the information required by this Act.It may contain other information as well.(c)申请文件应包含本法要求的所有信息，也可以包含其他的信息。

(d)The document must be typewritten or printed or, if electronically transmitted, it must be in a format that can be retrieved or reproduced in typewritten or printed form.(d)申请文件应使用打印形式或印刷形式，如果采用电子传送，则应该使用一种可以通过打印和印刷恢复或复制的格式。

(e)The document must be in the English language.A corporate name need not be in English if written in English letters or Arabic or Roman numerals, and the certificate of existence required of foreign corporations need not be in English if accompanied by a reasonably authenticated English translation.(e)申请文件应采用英语书写。公司的名称如果是采用英文字母或阿拉伯数字或罗马数字书写的，则可以不必使用英语，外州公司存在所要求的证明书，如果附带相当真实可靠的英文翻译文本，则也可以不使用英语。(f)The document must be executed:(1)by the chairman of the board of directors of a domestic or foreign corporation, by its president, or by another of its officers;(2)if directors have not been selected or the corporation has not been formed, by an incorporator;or(3)if the corporation is in the hands of a receiver, trustee, or other court-appointed fiduciary, by that fiduciary.(f)申请文件应由下列人员来签署：

(1)本州公司和外州公司的董事会主席，或者是总裁或是其他高级职员；(2)公司还没有选出董事或公司还没有设立的，则由其中的一个发起人；或(3)如果公司处于接收人、托管人或其他法院指定的受托人的控制之中，则由该受托人签署。

(g)The person executing the document shall sign it and state beneath or opposite his signature his name and the capacity in which he signs.The document may but need not contain a corporate seal, attestation, acknowledgment or verification.(g)签署申请文件的人应该在其上签字，并在其签名之下或对面说明其姓名和签署文件的权能。该文件可以但不必要包含公司的印章，鉴证和一段声明或证明文字。

(h)If the secretary of state has prescribed a mandatory form for the document under section 1.21, the document must be in or on the prescribed form.(h)如果根据1.21节，州务卿已经规定了申请文件的强制格式，则申报文件应采用规定的格式。

(i)The document must be delivered to the office of the secretary of state for filing.Delivery may be made by electronic transmission if and to the extent permitted by the secretary of state.If it is filed in typewritten or printed form and not transmitted electronically, the secretary of state may require one exact or conformed copy to be delivered with the document(except as provided in sections 5.03 and 15.09).(i)申请文件应提交到州务卿办公室。在州务卿允许的范围内，申请文件可以通过电子方式传送。如果申请文件是采用打印或印刷形式而不是电子形式，州务卿可要求递交原文件及其一份准确，一致的副本（5.03节和15.09节的规定除外）。(j)When the document is delivered to the office of the secretary of state for filing, the correct filing fee, and any franchise tax, license fee, or penalty required to be paid therewith by this Act or other law must be paid or provision for payment made in a manner permitted by the secretary of state.(j)文件提交至州务卿办公室申报时，申请人应按照州务卿要求的支付方式，随之支付本法或其他法律所规定的适当的申报费、特许（权）税、许可费或罚款(k)Whenever a provision of this Act permits any of the terms of a plan or a filed document to be dependent on facts objectively ascertainable outside the plan or filed document, the following provisions apply:(1)The manner in which the facts will operate upon the terms of the plan or filed document shall be set forth in the plan or filed document.(k)任何时候，如果本法允许计划书或申请文件可以不将可以查明的事实列入其中，那么应遵循下列规定：

(1)计划书或申请文件应规定上述事实按照计划书或申请文件的条款运作的具体方式。

(2)The facts may include, but are not limited to:(i)any of the following that is available in a nationally recognized news or information medium either in print or electronically: statistical or market indices, market prices of any security or group of securities, interest rates, currency exchange rates, or similar economic or financial data;

(ii)a determination or action by any person or body, including the corporation or any other party to a plan or filed document;or

(iii)the terms of, or actions taken under, an agreement to which the corporation is a party, or any other agreement or document.(2)这些事实可以包括但不限于：

(i)可以在全国具有普遍影响的新闻或信息媒体上获得的，不管是以印刷体还是

电子文本的形式表现的事实材料，包括：统计或行销指数，任何证券或证券组的市场价，利息率，货币兑换率，或类似的经济或财政数据；

(ii)由自然人或实体，包括计划书或申请文件中所涉的公司或另一方当事人，所作的决定或行为；

(iii)公司参与缔结的协议或任何其他协议或文件的条款或依据这些协议或文件所采取的行动。

(3)As used in this subsection:(i)“filed document'' means a document filed with the secretary of state under any provision of this Act except chapter 15 or section 16.21;and(ii)”plan'' means a plan of domestication, nonprofit conversion, entity conversion, merger or share exchange.(3)在本小节中使用的：

(i)“申请的文件”指的是依据除本法第15章或第16.21节的规定外向州务卿提出申请的文件；并

(ii)“计划书”指的是有关本土化，非营利转化，实体转化，合并或股权交换的计划书。

(4)The following provisions of a plan or filed document may not be made dependent on facts outside the plan or filed document:(i)The name and address of any person required in a filed document.(ii)The registered office of any entity required in a filed document.(iii)The registered agent of any entity required in a filed document.(iv)The number of authorized shares and designation of each class or series of shares.(v)The effective date of a filed document.(vi)Any required statement in a filed document of the date on which the underlying transaction was approved or the manner in which that approval was given.(4)计划书或申请文件应该包含下列的事实：(i)申请文件所要求的人物的姓名和地址。(ii)申请文件所要求的实体的注册办事处(iii)申请文件所要求的实体的注册代理人

(iv)法定股本的数目以及每一类别或每一系列股本的指派。(v)申请文件的有效期

(vi)在基础交易的批准日或批准方式的申报文件中所要求的陈述。

(5)If a provision of a filed document is made dependent on a fact ascertainable outside of the filed document, and that fact is not ascertainable by reference to a source described in subsection(k)(2)(i)or a document that is a matter of public record, or the affected shareholders have not received notice of the fact from the corporation, then the corporation shall file with the secretary of state articles of amendment setting forth the fact promptly after the time when the fact referred to is first ascertainable or thereafter changes.Articles of amendment under this subsection(k)(5)are deemed to be authorized by the authorization of the original filed document or plan to which they relate and may be filed by the corporation without further action by the board of directors or the shareholders.(5)如果申请文件未将该文件之外可查明的事实列入其中，且通过参考(k)(2)(i)

小节中规定的信息来源或有关公共记录的文件，该事实仍然是不可查明的，或者受到影响的股东未从公司收到有关该事实通知，那么，该公司应该在上述事实第一次被查明后，很快地向州务卿申请陈述有关此事实的修订条款或此后发生的变动。依据(k)(5)小节所作的修订条款被认为是与之有关的源申请文件或计划书的授权，公司在董事会和股东没有进一步采取行为的情况下可以就这些修订条款提出申请。§ 1.21.FORMS § 1.21.格式

(a)The secretary of state may prescribe and furnish on request forms for:(1)an application for a certificate of existence,(2)a foreign corporation's application for a certificate of authority to transact business in this state,(3)a foreign corporation's application for a certificate of withdrawal, and(4)the annual report.If the secretary of state so requires, use of these forms is mandatory.(a)州务卿可以并且按要求为下列申请提供各种表格：（1）申请公司成立的证书、（2）外州公司有权在本州经营商业活动的授权证书、（3）外州公司申请停办的证书；和（4）年度报告书。如果州务卿有此要求，则必须采用上述规定的表格。(b)The secretary of state may prescribe and furnish on request forms for other documents required or permitted to be filed by this Act but their use is not mandatory.(b)州务卿可以并且按要求为本法要求的或允许申请的其他文件提供表格，但是并不强制使用这些表格。§ 1.22.FILING, SERVICE, AND COPYING FEES § 1.22.申报费、服务费和复制费

(a)The secretary of state shall collect the following fees when the documents described in this subsection are delivered to him for filing: Document Fee(a)州务卿应该在本小节规定的文件递交申请时，收取以下费用：(1)Articles of incorporation $______.(2)Application for use of indistinguishable name $______.(3)Application for reserved name $______.(4)Notice of transfer of reserved name $______.(5)Application for registered name $______.(6)Application for renewal of registered name $______.(7)Corporation's statement of change of registered agent or registered office or both $______.(8)Agent's statement of change of registered office for each affected corporation not to exceed a total of ______.$______.文件名称 收取的费用

(1)公司组织章程 美元

(2)申请使用无特征的公司名称 美元(3)申请使用保留的公司名称 美元(4)被保留名称的转让通知 美元(5)申请注册公司名称 美元

(6)申请续展已注册的公司名称 美元

(7)公司对变更注册代理人或注册办事处或同时变更二者所作的陈述 美元

(8)代理人就注册办事处的变更对每一个受到影响的公司所作的陈述，但是总数不超过：______个 美元

(9)Agent's statement of resignation No fee.(9A)Articles of domestication $______.(9B)Articles of charter surrender $______.(9C)Articles of nonprofit conversion $______.(9D)Articles of domestication and conversion $______.(9E)Articles of entity conversion $______.(10)Amendment of articles of incorporation $______.(11)Restatement of articles of incorporation with amendment of articles $______.(12)Articles of merger or share exchange $______.(13)Articles of dissolution $______.(14)Articles of revocation of dissolution $______.(15)Certificate of administrative dissolution No fee.(16)Application for reinstatement following administrative dissolution $______.(9)代理人的辞职陈述 免费(9A)本土化章程 美元

(9B)交回经营许可证的章程 美元(9C)非营利转换章程 美元

(9D)本土化和转化的章程 美元(9E)实体转换的章程 美元(10)公司组织章程的修订 美元

(11)公司组织章程及其修订的重述 美元(12)合并或股份交换章程 美元(13)解散章程 美元

(14)撤回解散的章程 美元(15)行政强制解散证书 免费

(16)行政强制解散后的恢复原状申请 美元(17)Certificate of reinstatement No fee.(18)Certificate of judicial dissolution No fee.(19)Application for certificate of authority $______.(20)Application for amended certificate of authority $______.(21)Application for certificate of withdrawal $______.(21A)Application for transfer of authority $______.(22)Certificate of revocation of authority to transact business No fee(23)Annual report $______.(24)Articles of correction $______.(25)Application for certificate of existence or authorization $______.(26)Any other document required or permitted to be filed by this Act $______.(17)恢复原状的证明书 免费(18)司法解散证明书 免费(19)申请授权证书 美元

(20)申请修订授权证书.美元(21)申请撤回授权 证书 美元(21A)申请转让经营权 美元(22)撤回授权经营的证书 免费(23)年度报告 美元

(24)改正文件的条款 美元

(25)申请公司存在或申请公司有权经营的证书 美元(26)任何由本法规定的或本法允许申请的文件 美元

(b)The secretary of state shall collect a fee of $ ______ each time process is served on him under this Act.The party to a proceeding causing service of process is entitled to recover this fee as costs if he prevails in the proceeding.(b)依据本法把诉讼文书送交州务卿时，州务卿每次应代收______美元。致使向州务卿送交诉讼文书的诉讼当事人一方，如果胜诉，有权向败诉方收取费用。(c)The secretary of state shall collect the following fees for copying and certifying the copy of any filed document relating to a domestic or foreign corporation:(1)$ ______ a page for copying;and(2)$ ______ for the certificate.(c)要求复制并鉴证有关本州或外州公司已经存档的任何文件，州务卿应按照下列价目表收取费用：(1)复印每页 ______元(2)鉴证每件 ______元 § 1.23.EFFECTIVE TIME AND DATE OF DOCUMENT § 1.23.文件生效时间与日期

(a)Except as provided in subsection(b)and section 1.24(c), a document accepted for filing is effective:(1)at the date and time of filing, as evidenced by such means as the secretary of state may use for the purpose of recording the date and time of filing;or(2)at the time specified in the document as its effective time on the date it is filed.(a)除下面(b)小节和1.24(c)的规定外，经同意存档的文件在下列时间内有效：(1)送交归档的日期和时间，州务卿为登记而对该日期和时间的使用可以为证；或(2)在存档当日文件上所明确的生效时间。

(b)A document may specify a delayed effective time and date, and if it does so the document becomes effective at the time and date specified.If a delayed effective date but no time is specified, the document is effective at the close of business on that date.A delayed effective date for a document may not be later than the 90th day after the date it is filed.(b)文件上可以明确一个延迟的有效时间和日期，如果存在这种情况，那么，该文件的生效就以那个时间和日期为准。如果只明确了生效的日期，而没有明确具体的时间，那么，该文件就在所明确规定的日期当日办公结束的时间生效。该文件延迟的生效日期不得迟于申请日之后的第90天。§ 1.24.CORRECTING FILED DOCUMENT

§ 1.24.对已申请文件的纠正

(a)A domestic or foreign corporation may correct a document filed by the secretary of state if(1)the document contains an inaccuracy, or(2)the document was defectively executed, attested, sealed, verified or acknowledged, or(3)the electronic transmission was defective.(a)本州的或外州的公司可以纠正它们已经归档的文件，如果(1)这些文件包含了不准确的信息，或(2)这些文件的签署、鉴证、印章、证实或声明存在缺陷，或(3)这些文件的电子传送存在缺陷。(b)A document is corrected:(1)by preparing articles of correction that(i)describe the document(including its filing date)or attach a copy of it to the articles,(ii)specify the inaccuracy or defect to be corrected, and(iii)correct the inaccuracy or defect;and(b)文件可以通过下列方式纠正：:(1)准备改正文件的条款，这些条款：

(i)描述要改正的文件（包括它的归档日期）或附上该文件的副本，(ii)明确需要纠正的不准确的陈述的或存在的问题，和(iii)纠正这些不准确的陈述或存在的问题

(2)by delivering the articles to the secretary of state for filing.(c)Articles of correction are effective on the effective date of the document they correct except as to persons relying on the uncorrected document and adversely affected by the correction.As to those persons, articles of correction are effective when filed.(2)通过将这些条款送交州务卿归档。

(c)这些被改正的条款在被改正的文件生效日同时生效，但对于相信了这些不正确的文件，如果纠正这些文件会对之产生不利的影响的人例外。对于这些人而言，文件的纠正自归档时生效。§ 1.25.FILING DUTY OF SECRETARY OF STATE § 1.25.州务卿的备案归档职责

(a)If a document delivered to the office of the secretary of state for filing satisfies the requirements of section 1.20, the secretary of state shall file it.(a)如果送交到州务卿归档的文件符合本法1.20节规定的条件，州务卿应该将其备案归档。

(b)The secretary of state files a document by recording it as filed on the date and time of receipt.After filing a document, except as provided in sections 5.03 and 15.10, the secretary of state shall deliver to the domestic or foreign corporation or its representative a copy of the document with an acknowledgement of the date and time of filing.(b)州务卿应该在收到该文件的日期和时间将该文件备案归档。在文件归档之后，除5.03 节和15.10节的规定外，州务卿应该向本州或外州公司或其代表交付一份附带有归档日期和时间的声明的文件副本。

(c)If the secretary of state refuses to file a document, he shall return it to the domestic or foreign corporation or its representative within five days after the document was delivered, together with a brief, written explanation of the reason for his refusal.(c)如果州务卿拒绝将文件归档，他应该在该文件在送交后的五天内，将其退回给本州或外州公司或其代表人，并付上一份简短的书面的说明，解释拒绝的理由。(d)The secretary of state's duty to file documents under this section is ministerial.His filing or refusing to file a document does not:(1)affect the validity or invalidity of the document in whole or part;(2)relate to the correctness or incorrectness of information contained in the document;(3)create a presumption that the document is valid or invalid or that information contained in the document is correct or incorrect.(d)州务卿依据本节所承担的备案归档职责是行政的，他将文件归档或拒绝归档并不能：

(1)影响文件整体或部分的有效性或无效性；

(2)与包含在该文件在中的信息的正确与否有关联；

(3)制造一个这样的推定，推定该文件是有效的或无效的或包含于其中的信息是正确或不正确的。§ 1.26.APPEAL FROM SECRETARY OF STATE'S REFUSAL TO FILE DOCUMENT § 1.26.对州务卿拒绝接受文件归档时的上诉

(a)If the secretary of state refuses to file a document delivered to his office for filing, the domestic or foreign corporation may appeal the refusal within 30 days after the return of the document to the [name or describe] court [of the county where the corporation's principal office(or, if none in this state, its registered office)is or will be located] [of ______ county].The appeal is commenced by petitioning the court to compel filing the document and by attaching to the petition the document and the secretary of state's explanation of his refusal to file.(a)如果州务卿对于提交归档的文件拒绝归档，那么，本州或外州公司可以在该文件退回后的30日内向公司主营业办事处所在州的法院或将要成为主营业地的法院（或者如果在此州没有主营业办事处，可以是注册办事处所在地的法院）提起上诉。上诉开始的程序是要求法院判令强制州务卿将文件归档并附上该文件以及州务卿拒绝归档的说明。

(b)The court may summarily order the secretary of state to file the document or take other action the court considers appropriate.(b)法院可以立时命令州务卿将该文件归档或采取其他法院认为适当的措施。(c)The court's final decision may be appealed as in other civil proceedings.(c)对于法院的最终判决，当事人可以像在其他的民事诉讼程序中一样提起上诉。§ 1.27.EVIDENTIARY EFFECT OF COPY OF FILED DOCUMENT § 1.27.已归档文件副本的证据效力

A certificate from the secretary of state delivered with a copy of a document filed by the secretary of state, is conclusive evidence that the original document is on file with the secretary of

state.州务卿发放的证书连同已归档文件的副本即为原文件在州务卿那里已归档的确凿证据。§ 1.28.CERTIFICATE OF EXISTENCE § 1.28.公司存在的证明书

(a)Anyone may apply to the secretary of state to furnish a certificate of existence for a domestic corporation or a certificate of authorization for a foreign corporation.(a)本州公司可以申请州务卿提供一份公司存在的证明书，外州公司可以申请州务卿提供一份在本州的授权经营证书。

(b)A certificate of existence or authorization sets forth:(1)the domestic corporation's corporate name or the foreign corporation's corporate name used in this state;(b)公司存在的证明书或授权经营证书应列出：

(1)本州公司的公司名称或外州公司在本州使用的公司名称；

(2)that(i)the domestic corporation is duly incorporated under the law of this state, the date of its incorporation, and the period of its duration if less than perpetual;or(ii)that the foreign corporation is authorized to transact business in this state;(2)(i)本州公司是根据本州的法律合法成立的公司，成立的日期以及如果公司不是永久性经营，那么公司的经营期限；或(ii)外州的公司是被授权在本州经营商业；

(3)that all fees, taxes, and penalties owed to this state have been paid, if(i)payment is reflected in the records of the secretary of state and(ii)non payment affects the existence or authorization of the domestic or foreign corporation;(3)公司所欠本州的所有费，税和罚款已经付清，如果(i)州务卿的备案记录中反映了这些支付，和

(ii)未支付这些费用影响了本州公司或外州公司的存在或授权经营；

(4)that its most recent annual report required by section 16.21 has been delivered to the secretary of state;(4)公司已经向州务卿递交了16.21节规定的最新的年度报告书；(5)that articles of dissolution have not been filed;and(5)解散的条款还未被归档；和

(6)other facts of record in the office of the secretary of state that may be requested by the applicant.(6)在州务卿办公处登记的，其他申请人要求说明的事实。

(c)Subject to any qualification stated in the certificate, a certificate of existence or authorization issued by the secretary of state may be relied upon as conclusive evidence that the domestic or foreign corporation is in existence or is authorized to transact business in this state.(c)由州务卿发放的公司存在的证明书可以作为最终的证据，证明本州公司存在或外州公司被授权在本州经营商业，但是，这一证明受证明书中所陈述的其他限制条件的制约。§ 1.29.PENALTY FOR SIGNING FALSE DOCUMENT § 1.29.对签署虚假文件的惩罚

(a)A person commits an offense if he signs a document he knows is false in any material respect with intent that the document be delivered to the secretary of state for filing.(b)An offense under this section is a [ ______ ] misdemeanor [punishable by a fine of not to exceed $ ______ ].(a)如果一个人明知将要被送交州务卿办公处归档的文件在实质方面是虚假的，还签署了该文件，则构成犯罪。

(b)本节所规定的这一违法行为属于轻罪，可以处以不超过_____美元的罚款。Subchapter C.SECRETARY OF STATE 第三节 州务卿 § 1.30.POWERS § 1.30.权力

The secretary of state has the power reasonably necessary to perform the duties required of him by this Act.州务卿拥有合理的必要的权力履行本法所要求其履行的职责。Subchapter D.DEFINITIONS 第四节 定义 § 1.40.ACT DEFINITIONS § 1.40.本法案中的定义 In this Act:(1)“Articles of incorporation” means the original articles of incorporation, all amendments thereof, and any other documents permitted or required to be filed by a domestic business corporation with the secretary of state under any provision of this Act except section 16.21.If an amendment of the articles or any other document filed under this Act restates the articles in their entirety, thenceforth the “articles” shall not include any prior documents.在本法中：

(1)“公司章程”指的是最初的公司章程，该章程的修订稿以及依据本法（16.21节的规定除外）本州公司向州务卿办公处申请归档时所允许或要求提供的任何其他文件。如果该章程的修订稿或任何其他依据本法已归档的文件完整地重述了章程，那么，此后的“章程”不应再包括先前任何的文件。

(2)“Authorized shares” means the shares of all classes a domestic or foreign corporation is authorized to issue.(2)“法定股本”指的是本州公司或外州公司授权发行的所有不同种类的股本。(3)“Conspicuous” means so written that a reasonable person against whom the writing is to operate should have noticed it.For example, printing in italics or boldface or contrasting color, or typing in capitals or underlined, is conspicuous.(3)“明显的”指的是采用书面的形式书写，以至于对于一个通情达理的人而言，如果让他阅读这些书面材料，他可以合理地注意到这些明显标出的材料。比如，用斜体或黑体或对比色印刷或用大写或下划线打印的材料，即?quot;明显“的材料信息。

(4)”Corporation,“ ”domestic corporation“ or ”domestic business corporation“ means a corporation for profit, which is not a foreign corporation, incorporated under or subject to the provisions of this Act.(4)”公司“、”本州公司“指的是并非是外州的，依据本法发起设立的以营利为目的的公司。

(5)”Deliver“ or ”delivery“ means any method of delivery used in conventional commercial practice, including delivery by hand, mail, commercial delivery, and electronic transmission.(5)”交付“指的是在传统的商业惯例中使用的交付方式，包括亲自交付，通过邮件交付，商业交付和电子传输方式交付。

(6)”Distribution“ means a direct or indirect transfer of money or other property(except its own shares)or incurrence of indebtedness by a corporation to or for the benefit of its shareholders in respect of any of its shares.A distribution may be in the form of a declaration or payment of a dividend;a purchase, redemption, or other acquisition of shares;a distribution of indebtedness;or otherwise.(6)”分摊“指的是直接或间接地转移金钱或其他财产（自身的股份除外）或公司对股东的利益或为了股东的利益在公司股票方面对股东发生债务。分摊可以采用宣告或支付股息、购买、买回或用其他方式获得股票；分摊债务或其他方式。(6A)”Domestic unincorporated entity“ means an unincorporated entity whose internal affairs are governed by the laws of this state.(6A)”本州的非公司实体“指的是其内部事务受本州法律调整的非公司实体。(7)”Effective date of notice“ is defined in section 1.41.(7)”通知的有效?quot;将在1.41节中予以规定。

(7A)“Electronic transmission” or “electronically transmitted” means any process of communication not directly involving the physical transfer of paper that is suitable for the retention, retrieval, and reproduction of information by the recipient.(7A)“电子传送”或“通过电子传送”指的是对于那些适合于保留、恢复以及复制信息的文件，并不直接涉及接收人实际交付这些文件的任何交流程序。

(7B)“Eligible entity” means a domestic or foreign unincorporated entity or a domestic or foreign nonprofit corporation.(7B)“合法的实体”指的是本州或外州的非公司实体或本州或外州的非营利公司。(7C)“Eligible interests” means interests or memberships.(7C)“合法的利益”指的是权益或会员资格。

(8)“Employee” includes an officer but not a director.A director may accept duties that make him also an employee.(8)“雇员”包括高级职员但不包括董事。一个董事也可以承担一种职责，使他也成为一个雇员。

(9)“Entity” includes domestic and foreign business corporation;domestic and foreign nonprofit corporation;estate;trust;domestic and foreign unincorporated entity;and state, United States, and foreign government.(9)“实体”包括本州和外州的公司；本州和外州的非营利公司；产业；信托组织；本州和外州的非公司实体；以及州、美国和外国政府。

(9A)The phrase “facts objectively ascertainable” outside of a filed document or plan

is defined in section 1.20(k).(9A)已归档的文件或计划书之外的“客观上可以查明的事实”已在1.20(k)节中予以定义。

(9B)“Filing entity” means an unincorporated entity that is of a type that is created by filing a public organic document.(9B)“归档实体”指的是通过将一个公共的组织文件归档创立的这样一种类型的非公司实体。

(10)“Foreign corporation” means a corporation incorporated under a law other than the law of this state;which would be a business corporation if incorporated under the laws of this state.(10)“外州公司”指不是按本州法律组织起来的公司。如果其是按照本州法律组织起来的，那么，就应该是本州一个公司。

(10A)“Foreign nonprofit corporation” means a corporation incorporated under a law other than the law of this state, which would be a nonprofit corporation if incorporated under the laws of this state.(10A)“外州的非营利公司”指并非按照本州法律组织起来的公司，如果其是按照本州法律组织起来的，那么就应该是本州一个非营利公司。

(10B)“Foreign unincorporated entity” means an unincorporated entity whose internal affairs are governed by an organic law of a jurisdiction other than this state.(10B)“外州的非公司实体”指的是其内部事务受本州司法管辖权之外的组织法所调整的非公司实体。

(11)“Governmental subdivision” includes authority, county, district, and municipality.(11)“政府分支机构”包括得到政府授权的各种机构、县、地区和市。(12)“Includes” denotes a partial definition.(12)“包括”表示一个部分概念。

(13)“Individual” means a natural person.(13)“个人”指的是自然人。

(13A)“Interest” means either or both of the following rights under the organic law of an unincorporated entity:(i)the right to receive distributions from the entity either in the ordinary course or upon liquidation;or(ii)the right to receive notice or vote on issues involving its internal affairs, other than as an agent, assignee, proxy or person responsible for managing its business and affairs.(13A)“权益”指的是依据非公司实体的组织法享有的下列一种或两种权利：(i)收取该实体在常规业务过程中或清算时获得的分派利益的权利；或

(ii)接收通知的权利或对涉及该实体内部事务的事项的投票权，这一权利并不是基于其作为代理人、受让人、委托代理人或负责管理该实体业务的人的身份而享有的。

(13B)“Interest holder” means a person who holds of record an interest.(13B)“权益持有人”指的是持有登记在案的权益的人。(14)“Means” denotes an exhaustive definition.(14)“指”表示一个详细无遗的定义。

(14A)“Membership” means the rights of a member in a domestic or foreign nonprofit

corporation.(14A)“成员资格”指的是成为一个本州或外州非营利公司的成员的权利。

(14B)“Nonfiling entity” means an unincorporated entity that is of a type that is not created by filing a public organic document.(14B)“未归档的实体”指的是未将一个公共的组织文件归档而创立的这样一种非公司形式的实体。

(14C)“Nonprofit corporation” or “domestic nonprofit corporation” means a corporation incorporated under the laws of this state and subject to the provisions of the Model Nonprofit Corporation Act.(14C)“非营利的公司”或“本州非营利的公司”指的是依据本州法律组织成立的，并受非营利公司示范法调整的公司。(15)“Notice” is defined in section 1.41.(15)“通知”将在1.41.节中予以规定。

(15A)“Organic document” means a public organic document or a private organic document.(15A)“组织文件”指的是公开的组织文件或秘密的组织文件。

(15B)“Organic law ” means the statute governing the internal affairs of a domestic or foreign business or nonprofit corporation or unincorporated entity.(15B)“组织法”指的是调整本州公司或外州公司或非营利公司或非公司实体内部事务的组织法。

(15C)“Owner liability” means personal liability for a debt, obligation or liability of a domestic or foreign business or nonprofit corporation or unincorporated entity that is imposed on a person:(i)solely by reason of the person's status as a shareholder, member or interest holder;or(ii)by the articles of incorporation, bylaws or an organic document under a provision of the organic law of an entity authorizing the articles of incorporation, bylaws or an organic document to make one or more specified shareholders, members or interest holders liable in their capacity as shareholders, members or interest holders for all or specified debts, obligations or liabilities of the entity.(15C)“所有者的责任”指的是该所有者对本州或外州公司或非营利公司或非公司实体的债务、义务或责任所承担的下列一些个人责任：

(i)基于作为股东，公司成员或利息持有人的身份而独立承担的责任；或

(ii)如果一个实体组织的组织法授权公司的章程和内部规章细节或组织文件规定股东，公司成员或利息持有人对该实体所有或特定的债务、义务或责任承担责任，那么，按照这些公司的章程和内部规章细节或组织文件，上述人应该承担的责任。

(16)“Person” includes an individual and an entity.(16)“人”包括个人和实体。

(17)“Principal office” means the office(in or out of this state)so designated in the annual report where the principal executive offices of a domestic or foreign corporation are located.(17)“主要办事处”指在年度报告中指定的（在本州或本州之外）一个办事处，驻有本州公司或外州公司的主要执行官员。

(17A)“Private organic document” means any document(other than the public organic document, if any)that determines the internal governance of an unincorporated entity.Where a private organic document has been amended or restated, the term means the private organic document as last amended or restated.(17A)“秘密的组织文件”指除公开的组织文件外（如果有的话）的任何决定非公司实体内部管理的文件。如果一个秘密的组织文件已经被修订或重述，那么，该术语就指的是最新修订或重述的秘密组织文件。

(17B)“Public organic document” means the document, if any, that is filed of public record to create an unincorporated entity.Where a public organic document has been amended or restated, the term means the public organic document as last amended or restated.(17B)“公开的组织文件”指公开登记注册归档的文件，如果有的话。如果一个公开的组织文件已经被修订或重述，那么，该术语就指的是最新修订或重述的公开的组织文件。

(18)“Proceeding” includes civil suit and criminal, administrative, and investigatory action.(18)“诉讼程序”包括民事的、刑事的、行政的诉讼以及调查活动。

(19)“Record date” means the date established under chapter 6 or 7 on which a corporation determines the identity of its shareholders and their shareholdings for purposes of this Act.The determinations shall be made as of the close of business on the record date unless another time for doing so is specified when the record date is fixed.(19)“登记日”指根据第六章或第七章确定的日期，在该日公司根据本法，认定了其股东的身份以及他们持有股份的事实。这一认定应在登记日当天结束营业之前作出，除非在登记日确定时已经明确规定了作出上述认定的其他时间。

(20)“Secretary” means the corporate officer to whom the board of directors has delegated responsibility under section 8.40(c)for custody of the minutes of the meetings of the board of directors and of the shareholders and for authenticating records of the corporation.(20)“书记”指公司的高级职员。董事会根据8.40(c)节指定其对下列事项承担责任，包括保管董事会和股东的会议记录以及鉴定公司的记录。

(21)“Shareholder” means the person in whose name shares are registered in the records of a corporation or the beneficial owner of shares to the extent of the rights granted by a nominee certificate on file with a corporation.(21)“股东”指的是以其名义在公司的登记帐簿上注册股票的人或股票的受益人，这一受益权限于在公司存档的股票代管人证书授予的。

(22)“Shares” means the units into which the proprietary interests in a corporation are divided.(22)“股票”指的是公司的财产利益被分成的份额单位。

(22A)“Sign” or “signature” includes any manual, facsimile, conformed or electronic signature.(22A)“签字”或“签名”包括任何手写的、传真的、或一致的电子签名。

(23)“State,” when referring to a part of the United States, includes a state and common wealth(and their agencies and governmental subdivisions)and a territory

and insular possession(and their agencies and governmental subdivisions)of the United States.(23)“州”，当提到美利坚和众国的一部分时，“州”包括美利坚和众国的一个州或共同体（以及他们的代理机构和政府分支机构）以及一个领地和岛屿领地（以及他们的代理机构和政府分支机构）

(24)“Subscriber” means a person who subscribes for shares in a corporation, whether before or after incorporation.(24)“认购人”指的是在公司成立之前或之后，认购公司股票的人。

(24A)“Unincorporated entity” means an organization or artificial legal person that either has a separate legal existence or has the power to acquire an estate in real property in its own name and that is not any of the following: a domestic or foreign business or nonprofit corporation, an estate, a trust, a state, the United States, or a foreign government.The term includes a general partnership, limited liability company, limited partnership, business trust, joint stock association and incorporated nonprofit association.(24A)“非公司实体”指的是或者是合法存在的或者是有权以自己的名义获得不动产产权的组织和拟制的法人，且不属于下列这样的一些组织：本州或外州的公司或非营利的公司，产业，信托组织，州，美国政府或外国政府。这一术语包括一个普通合伙，有限责任公司，有限合伙，商业信托，合股社团以及非公司形式的非营利社团。

(25)“United States” includes district, authority, bureau, commission, department, and any other agency of the United States.(25)“美利坚和众国”包括美利坚和众国的区，授权机构，局，委员会，部以及任何其他的代理机构。

(26)“Voting group” means all shares of one or more classes or series that under the articles of incorporation or this Act are entitled to vote and be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of shareholders.All shares entitled by the articles of incorporation or this Act to vote generally on the matter are for that purpose a single voting group.(26)“投票团体”指的是根据公司章程或本法的规定，在针对某一事件的股东大会上，所有属于各种类别或系列的股票，都有投票权，并且，这些分属于各种类别或系列的股票计数时是按集体票数来计算的。所有根据公司章程或本法的规定对此事件有投票权的股票即为一个投票团体。

(27)“Voting power” means the current power to vote in the election of directors.(27)“投票权”指的是现有的在选举董事时的投票权。§ 1.41.NOTICE § 1.41.通知

(a)Notice under this Act must be in writing unless oral notice is reasonable under the circumstances.Notice by electronic transmission is written notice.(a)本法所称的通知必须是书面形式，除非口头通知在特定的情况下是合理的。电传的通知应视为书面通知。

(b)Notice may be communicated in person;by mail or other method of delivery;or by telephone, voice mail or other electronic means.If these forms of personal notice are impracticable, notice may be communicated by a newspaper of general circulation

in the area where published, or by radio, television, or other form of public broadcast communication.(b)通知可以亲自传送，也可以通过邮件或其他的交付方式，或通过电话语音邮件或其他的电子方式传送。如果个人通知的这些种种方式是不可行的，那么，通知可以通过在发行地有影响的报纸，或通过收音机、电视机或其他公开的广播通讯来传送。

(c)Written notice by a domestic or foreign corporation to its shareholder, if in a comprehensible form, is effective(i)upon deposit in the United States mail, if mailed postpaid and correctly addressed to the shareholder's address shown in the corporation's current record of shareholders, or(ii)when electronically transmitted to the shareholder in a manner authorized by the shareholder.(c)本州公司或外州公司给予其股东的书面通知，如果是以下列易于理解的方式作出，则该通知是有效的：(i)如果是邮寄，在投邮时邮资已付，并且是正确按照公司最近股东帐簿上所示的地址寄出或(ii)如果采用电传，是以股东授权的方式传送的。

(d)Written notice to a domestic or foreign corporation(authorized to transact business in this state)may be addressed to its registered agent at its registered office or to the corporation or its secretary at its principal office shown in its most recent annual report or, in the case of a foreign corporation that has not yet delivered an annual report, in its application for a certificate of authority.(d)给予本州公司或外地公司（授权在本州经营商业的）的通知可以发至公司注册办事处的注册代理人或者公司是最近年度报告书上所示的公司主营业地的书记。如果外州公司还没有年度报告书的，则通知发至其在本州的授权经营证书所示的公司营业地的书记。

(e)Except as provided in subsection(c), written notice, if in a comprehensible form, is effective at the earliest of the following:(1)when received;(2)five days after its deposit in the United States Mail, if mailed postpaid and correctly addressed;(3)on the date shown on the return receipt, if sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, and the receipt is signed by or on behalf of the addressee.(e)除(c)小节的规定外，书面通知，如果是以一种易于理解的方式作出，则在下列时间中最早的那个时间开始生效。(1)收到通知时；

(2)如果是邮资已付的并且是按照正确地址寄出的，在美国投邮的5日后；(3)如果是通过挂号信发送，并且要求有回执，同时该收据是由收件人签字或代表收件人签字的情况下，在回执上所示的日期。

(f)Oral notice is effective when communicated, if communicated in a comprehensible manner.(f)口头通知如果是采用易于理解的方式传送，那么，该口头通知有效。

(g)If this Act prescribes notice requirements for particular circumstances, those requirements govern.If articles of incorporation or bylaws prescribe notice requirements, not inconsistent with this section or other provisions of this Act, those requirements govern.(g)如果本法规定了在特殊情况下的通知要求，那么，应以这些要求为准。如果公司的组织章程或内部组织管理章程规定的通知要求与本法此节或其他条款的规定不一致，那么，应以前者为准。§ 1.42.NUMBER OF SHAREHOLDERS § 1.42.股东人数

(a)For purposes of this Act, the following identified as a shareholder in a corporation's current record of shareholders constitutes one shareholder:(1)three or fewer co-owners;(2)a corporation, partnership, trust, estate, or other entity;(3)the trustees, guardians, custodians, or other fiduciaries of a single trust, estate, or account.(a)根据本法，下列在公司最近的股东登记帐簿上被认定为是股东的人或组织构成了本法所称的股东：

(1)三个或少于三个的共有人；

(2)公司，合伙，信托组织，产业或其他实体；

(3)一个单一的信托组织，产业或帐户的信托人、监护人、保管人或其他受信托的人。

(b)For purposes of this Act, shareholdings registered in substantially similar names constitute one shareholder if it is reasonable to believe that the names represent the same person.(b)根据本法，对于以实质上是相似的姓名注册的股权，如果有合理的理由相信该名称代表的是同一个人，那么，该股权代表一个股东。CHAPTER 2

INCORPORATION 第二章 组织成立公司 § 2.01.Incorporators § 2.02.Articles of incorporation § 2.03.Incorporation § 2.04.Liability for preincorporation transactions § 2.05.Organization of corporation § 2.06.Bylaws § 2.07.Emergency bylaws § 2.01.发起人 § 2.02.公司章程 § 2.03.公司成立 § 2.04.在公司组织成立前所从事商事活动引起的责任 § 2.05.公司的组织 § 2.06.公司的内部规章细则 § 2.07.紧急状态下公司的内部规章细则 § 2.01.INCORPORATORS § 2.01.发起人

One or more persons may act as the incorporator or incorporators of a corporation by delivering articles of incorporation to the secretary of state for filing.一个或一个以上的，向州务卿提交公司章程以作备案的人为公司的发起人。

§ 2.02.ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION § 2.02.公司章程

(a)The articles of incorporation must set forth:(1)a corporate name for the corporation that satisfies the requirements of section 4.01;(2)the number of shares the corporation is authorized to issue;(3)the street address of the corporation's initial registered office and the name of its initial registered agent at that office;and(4)the name and address of each incorporator.(a)公司章程应该明列下列事项：

(1)公司名称，且该名称应该满足4.01节规定的条件；(2)公司被授权发行股票的数目；

(3)公司最初注册办事处的街道地址以及该办事处的最初注册代理人；和

(4)每一个发起人的姓名和地址

(b)The articles of incorporation may set forth:(1)the names and addresses of the individuals who are to serve as the initial directors;(2)provisions not inconsistent with law regarding:(i)the purpose or purposes for which the corporation is organized;(ii)managing the business and regulating the affairs of the corporation;(iii)defining, limiting, and regulating the powers of the corporation, its board of directors, and shareholders;(iv)a par value for authorized shares or classes of shares;(v)the imposition of personal liability on shareholders for the debts of the corporation to a specified extent and upon specified conditions;(b)公司章程可以明列下列事项：

(1)将要作为最初董事的人的姓名和地址的；(2)与相关法律没有不一致的下列规定；(i)组织公司的目的

(ii)经营公司业务和管理内部事务的办法

(iii)对公司，公司董事以及股东权力的界定、限制以及调整(iv)被授权发行的股票的票面价格或种类；

(v)在规定的范围内或规定的条件下，要求股东对公司债务承担的个人责任；

(3)any provision that under this Act is required or permitted to be set forth in the bylaws;(3)本法所要求的或允许的应在公司内部规章细节中开列的任何条款；

(4)a provision eliminating or limiting the liability of a director to the corporation or its shareholders for money damages for any action taken, or any failure to take any action, as a director, except liability for(A)the amount of a financial benefit received by a director to which he is not entitled;(B)an intentional infliction of harm on the corporation or the shareholders;(C)a violation of section 8.33;or(D)an intentional violation of criminal law;and(4)有关免除或限制董事对公司或公司的股东承担责任的规定，这一责任是基于董事实施了某一行为或没有实施某一行为由此造成的损害而引起的，但下列行为引起的责任除外(A)未获授权的董事收取了财政收益的金额；(B)对公司或公司的股东故意实施的加害行为；(C)违反8.33节规定的行为；(D)故意犯罪行为；

和

(5)a provision permitting or making obligatory indemnification of a director for liability(as defined in section 8.50(5))to any person for any action taken, or any failure to take any action, as a director, except liability for(A)receipt of a financial benefit to which he is not entitled,(B)an intentional infliction of harm on the corporation or its shareholders,(C)a violation of section 8.33, or(D)an intentional violation of criminal law.(5)允许董事就其所实施的任何行为或没有实施的任何行为对任何人承担强制补偿责任的规定（8.50(5)节中所规定的），但下列行为引起的责任除外(A)未获授权的董事收取了财政收益的金额；(B)对公司或公司的股东故意实施的加害行为；(C)违反8.33节规定的行为；(D)故意犯罪行为；

(c)The articles of incorporation need not set forth any of the corporate powers enumerated in this Act.(c)公司章程不必开列本法所列举的公司享有的任何权力。

(d)Provisions of the articles of incorporation may be made dependent upon facts objectively ascertainable outside the articles of incorporation in accordance with section 1.20(k).(d)公司章程可以不将章程之外，根据1.20(k)节客观上可以查明的事实列入其中。§ 2.03.INCORPORATION § 2.03.公司成立

(a)Unless a delayed effective date is specified, the corporate existence begins when the articles of incorporation are filed.(a)除非公司章程中明确规定了延迟的生效日期，当公司章程被归档时，公司即告存在。

(b)The secretary of state's filing of the articles of incorporation is conclusive proof that the incorporators satisfied all conditions precedent to incorporation except in a proceeding by the state to cancel or revoke the incorporation or involuntarily dissolve the corporation.(b)州务卿将公司章程归档可作为以下事实的一项确凿证据，即证明公司符合了成立前的所有条件，除了根据某一程序本州取消或停办公司或被迫解散公司。§ 2.04.LIABILITY FOR PREINCORPORATION TRANSACTIONS § 2.04.在公司组织成立前所从事商事活动引起的责任

All persons purporting to act as or on behalf of a corporation, knowing there was no incorporation under this Act, are jointly and severally liable for all liabilities created while so acting.明知根据本法公司没有成立，但仍然以公司名义或代表公司从事商事活动的所有人，应该对由此产生的债务承担连带责任。§ 2.05.ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATION § 2.05.公司的组织(a)After incorporation:(1)if initial directors are named in the articles of incorporation, the initial directors shall hold an organizational meeting, at the call of a majority of the directors, to complete the organization of the corporation by appointing officers, adopting bylaws，and carrying on any other business brought before the meeting;(a)在公司成立后：

(1)如果在公司组成时的股东在公司章程里被提名，那么，这些最初股东中的多数股东应召集一次董事会的组织工作会议，任命高级职员，通过内部规章细则，解决向会议提出的其他任何商事活动；

(2)if initial directors are not named in the articles, the incorporator or incorporators shall hold an organizational meeting at the call of a majority of the incorporators:(i)to elect directors and complete the organization of the corporation;or(ii)to elect a board of directors who shall complete the organization of the corporation.(2)如果在公司组成时的股东在公司章程里没有被提名，那么，发起人中的大多数应该召集组织工作会议：

(i)选举董事并完善公司的组织；或(ii)选举完善公司组织的董事会。

(b)Action required or permitted by this Act to be taken by incorporators at an organizational meeting may be taken without a meeting if the action taken is evidenced by one or more written consents describing the action taken and signed by each incorporator.(c)An organizational meeting may be held in or out of this state.(b)由本法要求或本法许可的，发起人应该在公司的组织工作会议上所采取的行为，也可以不通过公司的组织工作会议来实施，只要一个或一个以上的发起人对有关已实施行为的记录书面表示同意，并且每一个发起人都签署了该书面同意书。

(c)公司的组织工作会议可以在本州或本州之外举行。§ 2.06.BYLAWS § 2.06 公司的内部规章细则

(a)The incorporators or board of directors of a corporation shall adopt initial bylaws for the corporation.(a)发起人或公司的董事会应通过公司最初的内部规章细则。

(b)The bylaws of a corporation may contain any provision for managing the business and regulating the affairs of the corporation that is not inconsistent with law or the articles of incorporation.(b)公司的内部规章细则可以包含有关公司业务的经营和内部事务的管理的规定，这些规定不得与法律或公司章程相冲突。§ 2.07.EMERGENCY BYLAWS § 2.07.紧急状态下公司的内部规章细则

(a)Unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise, the board of directors of a corporation may adopt bylaws to be effective only in an emergency defined in subsection(d).The emergency bylaws, which are subject to amendment or repeal by the shareholders, may make all provisions necessary for managing the corporation during the emergency, including:(1)procedures for calling a meeting of the board of directors;(2)quorum requirements for the meeting;and(3)designation of additional or substitute directors.(a)除非公司章程有相反规定，公司的董事会可以通过(d)小节规定的只在紧急状态下生效的公司内部规章细则，这一内部规章细则可以由股东来修订或废除，并且可以制订在紧急状态下经营公司所必要的所有条款，包括(1)召集董事会的程序；

(2)参加董事会的法定人数要求；和(3)任命额外的或替代的董事。

(b)All provisions of the regular bylaws consistent with the emergency bylaws remain effective during the emergency.The emergency bylaws are not effective after the emergency ends.(b)在紧急状态期间，所有与紧急状态下的内部规章细则一致的常规内部规章细则仍然有效。在紧急状态结束之后，该紧急状态下的内部规章细则即告失效。(c)Corporate action taken in good faith in accordance with the emergency bylaws:(1)binds the corporation;and(2)may not be used to impose liability on a corporate director, officer, employee, or agent.(c)依据紧急状态下的内部规章细则善意地实施的公司行为：(1)对公司具有约束力；并且

(2)公司的董事、高级职员、雇员或代理人对之不承担责任。

(d)An emergency exists for purposes of this section if a quorum of the corporation's directors cannot readily be assembled because of some catastrophic event.(d)本节所说的紧急状态指的是由于灾难性事件的发生，无法召集法定人数的公司董事举行会议。

CHAPTER 3 PURPOSES AND POWERS 第三章 目的和权力 § 3.01.Purposes § 3.02.General powers § 3.03.Emergency powers § 3.04.Ultra vires § 3.01.目的 § 3.02.一般权力 § 3.03.紧急状态下的权力 § 3.04.超越权限 § 3.01.PURPOSES § 3.01.目的

(a)Every corporation incorporated under this Act has the purpose of engaging in any lawful business unless a more limited purpose is set forth in the articles of incorporation.(a)依据本法成立的所有公司旨在从事合法的商业活动，除非公司章程中明确规定了一个更为有限的目的。

(b)A corporation engaging in a business that is subject to regulation under another statute of this state may incorporate under this Act only if permitted by, and subject to all limitations of, the other statute.(b)如果一个公司所从事的业务受本州另一制定法规定的制约，那么，该公司只

能在该制定法允许，并受其制约的情况下，按照本法成立公司。§ 3.02.GENERAL POWERS § 3.02.一般权力

Unless its articles of incorporation provide otherwise, every corporation has perpetual duration and succession in its corporate name and has the same powers as an individual to do all things necessary or convenient to carry out its business and affairs, including without limitation power: 除非公司章程另有规定，每一个公司都可以永久存在下去，其名称也可以继续下去，并且享有与单个个人相同的权利去实施对经营公司业务和处理公司事务必要或便利的所有行为，包括但不限于：

(1)to sue and be sued, complain and defend in its corporate name;(2)to have a corporate seal, which may be altered at will, and to use it, or a facsimile of it, by impressing or affixing it or in any other manner reproducing it;(3)to make and amend bylaws, not inconsistent with its articles of incorporation or with the laws of this state, for managing the business and regulating the affairs of the corporation;(1)起诉和应诉，以公司的名义提出控诉和抗辩；

(2)拥有公司图章，公司可以根据自己的意愿更改，并且有权盖用或为签署文件而使用该图章，或者是该图章的誊写，或以其他手段复制该图章；

(3)为经营公司业务，处理公司事务，制定并修订公司内部规章细则，但不得与公司章程或本州法律相冲突；

(4)to purchase, receive, lease, or otherwise acquire, and own, hold, improve, use, and otherwise deal with, real or personal property, or any legal or equitable interest in property, wherever located;(4)购买、收取、出租或以其他方式获取，拥有，持有，改善、使用以及其他处理无论是位于何处的不动产或动产，或任何财产法上的法定或符合衡平原则的权益。

(5)to sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, lease, exchange, and otherwise dispose of all or any part of its property;(5)出售、转让、抵押、担保、出租、交换以及其他处理全部或部分公司的财产。(6)to purchase, receive, subscribe for, or otherwise acquire;own, hold, vote, use, sell, mortgage, lend, pledge, or otherwise dispose of;and deal in and with shares or other interests in, or obligations of, any other entity;(6)购买、收取、认购或以其他方式获取、拥有、持有、投票、表决、出售、抵押，借用、担保或以其他方式处理、经营和买卖其他实体的股票或其他权益或义务。

(7)to make contracts and guarantees, incur liabilities, borrow money, issue its notes, bonds, and other obligations(which may be convertible into or include the option to purchase other securities of the corporation), and secure any of its obligations by mortgage or pledge of any of its property, franchises, or income;(7)订立合同并制作保证书，承担各种性质的债务，借用资金，发行票据、债券以及其他债务（这些债务可以兑换为公司其他证券或包括优先购买这些证券的权利），以及通过抵押或质押其任何部分之财产、特许权或收入作为其债务之担保；(8)to lend money, invest and reinvest its funds, and receive and hold real and

personal property as security for repayment;(8)提供贷款，使用其资金进行投资或再投资，取得和持有动产或不动产作为其借出或所投资款项的担保；

(9)to be a promoter, partner, member, associate, or manager of any partnership, joint venture, trust, or other entity;(9)充当任何合伙组织、合资企业、信托组织或其他实体的发起人、合伙人、成员、联营人或管理人。

(10)to conduct its business, locate offices, and exercise the powers granted by this Act within or without this state;(10)在本州内外从事商业活动，建立办事处，并行使本法授予的权力；

(11)to elect directors and appoint officers, employees, and agents of the corporation, define their duties, fix their compensation, and lend them money and credit;(11)选举董事，任命公司的高级职员，雇员以及代理人，规定他们的职责，确定他们的报酬，为他们提供贷款和信用。

(12)to pay pensions and establish pension plans, pension trusts, profit sharing plans, share bonus plans, share option plans, and benefit or incentive plans for any or all of its current or former directors, officers, employees, and agents;(12)支付养老金，建立养老金计划，养老金信托组织，利润分享计划，股息红利计划，购买股权特权计划，以及购股权计划以及对它现今的或以前的任何董事、高级职员、雇员和代理人的福利计划或激励计划；

(13)to make donations for the public welfare or for charitable, scientific, or educational purposes;(13)为公共福利或慈善的、科学的或教育的目的作出捐赠；(14)to transact any lawful business that will aid governmental policy;(14)从事有助于实现政府政策的合法商业活动。

(15)to make payments or donations, or do any other act, not inconsistent with law, that furthers the business and affairs of the corporation.(15)为进一步推动公司业务和公司内部事务所作的支付或其他任何行为，这些行为不得与法律相冲突。§ 3.03.EMERGENCY POWERS § 3.03.紧急状态下的权力

(a)In anticipation of or during an emergency defined in subsection(d), the board of directors of a corporation may:(a)在预料到(d)小节规定的紧急状态会发生或紧急状态发生期间，公司的董事会可以：

(1)modify lines of succession to accommodate the incapacity of any director, officer, employee, or agent;and(1)更改人员继任的方法已适应任何董事、高级职员、雇员或代理人不能胜任的情况；和

(2)relocate the principal office, designate alternative principal offices or regional offices, or authorize the officers to do so.(2)重新部署主要办事处，提供可供选择的重要办事处或地区办事处，并授权高级职员去办理上述事情。

(b)During an emergency defined in subsection(d), unless emergency bylaws provide

otherwise:(b)除紧急状态下的公司内部规章细则另有规定外，在(d)小节规定的紧急状态期间，：

(1)notice of a meeting of the board of directors need be given only to those directors whom it is practicable to reach and may be given in any practicable manner, including by publication and radio;and(1)将召开董事会的通知书送达给那些实际上可到会的董事，可以通过任何可行的方式，包括通过出版物和无线电广播；和

(2)one or more officers of the corporation present at a meeting of the board of directors may be deemed to be directors for the meeting, in order of rank and within the same rank in order of seniority, as necessary to achieve a quorum.(2)一个或若干个出席董事会会议的公司高级职员可以被视为是该董事会仪上法定人数中的一员。将其计入法定人数时，以级别顺序为准，属于同一级别的，以资历顺序为准。

(c)Corporate action taken in good faith during an emergency under this section to further the ordinary business affairs of the corporation:(1)binds the corporation;and(2)may not be used to impose liability on a corporate director, officer, employee, or agent.(c)公司处在本节所规定的紧急状态下的时候，为了促进公司的业务和事务而善意地实施的行为：

(1)对公司具有约束力；并且

(2)公司的董事、高级职员、雇员或代理人对之不承担责任。

(d)An emergency exists for purposes of this section if a quorum of the corporation's directors cannot readily be assembled because of some catastrophic event.(d)本节所说的紧急状态指的是由于灾难性事件的发生，无法召集法定人数的公司董事举行会议。§ 3.04.ULTRA VIRES § 3.04.超越权限

(a)Except as provided in subsection(b), the validity of corporate action may not be challenged on the ground that the corporation lacks or lacked power to act.(a)除下节(b)款的规定外，不得以公司没有权力去实施行为而质疑公司行为的有效性。

(b)A corporation's power to act may be challenged:(1)in a proceeding by a shareholder against the corporation to enjoin the act;(2)in a proceeding by the corporation, directly, derivatively, or through a receiver, trustee, or other legal representative, against an incumbent or former director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation;or(3)in a proceeding by the attorney general under section 14.30.(b)在下列情况下，公司行为的权力可以被质疑：

(1)在股东针对公司提起的，要求禁止公司实施行为的某项诉讼程序中；

(2)在公司提起的，直接或间接地，或者通过接收人、信托人或其他法定代表，针对负有责任的或以前的公司董事、高级职员、雇员或代理人的诉讼程序；或(3)由司法部长依据14.30节的规定提起的诉讼。

(c)In a shareholder's proceeding under subsection(b)(1)to enjoin an unauthorized corporate act, the court may enjoin or set aside the act, if equitable and if all affected persons are parties to the proceeding, and may award damages for loss(other than anticipated profits)suffered by the corporation or another party because of enjoining the unauthorized act.(c)在由股东依据(b)(1)小节要求禁止未授权的公司行为而提起的诉讼中，如果符合衡平原则，并且如果所有受到影响的人都是诉讼的一方，法院可以禁止该行为或宣布该行为无效。法院可以就公司所遭受的损失（预期利益除外）判给公司或由此受到影响的其他方损害赔偿金。

CHAPTER 4 NAME 第四章 名称 § 4.01.Corporate name § 4.02.Reserved name § 4.03.Registered name § 4.01.公司名称 § 4.02.保留名称 § 4.03.注册名称 § 4.01.CORPORATE NAME § 4.01.公司名称(a)A corporate name:(1)must contain the word “corporation,” “incorporated,” “company,” or “limited,” or the abbreviation “corp.,” “inc.,” “co.,” or “ltd.,” or words or abbreviations of like import in another language;and(2)may not contain language stating or implying that the corporation is organized for a purpose other than that permitted by section 3.01 and its articles of incorporation.(a)一个公司的名称：

(1)必须包含有“corporation,”（有限公司）、“incorporated,”（依据公司法组成）、“company,”（公司）或 “limited,”（有限责任）的字样或是 “corp.,” “inc.,” “co.,” 或 “ltd.,”的简写，或是具有同样意义的用其他语言表示的字样或简写；并且

(2)不得包含有陈述或暗示该公司组成的目的不在本法3.01节或公司章程允许范围内的语言。

(b)Except as authorized by subsections(c)and(d), a corporate name must be distinguishable upon the records of the secretary of state from:(1)the corporate name of a corporation incorporated or authorized to transact business in this state;(2)a corporate name reserved or registered under section 4.02 or 4.03;(3)the fictitious name adopted by a foreign corporation authorized to transact business in this state because its real name is unavailable;and(4)the corporate name of a not-for-profit corporation incorporated or authorized to transact business in this state.(b)除(c)小节和(d)小节授权外，一个公司的名称必须与州务卿注册帐簿上的下列名称相区别：

(1)按照本州的法律组成的本州公司或被授权在本州经营商业的公司的公司名

称；

(2)依据4.02或4.03节保留或注册的公司名称；

(3)被授权在本州经营商业的外州公司因为无法利用其真实的名称而使用的虚假的名称；以及

(4)按照本州法律组成的本州的非营利公司的名称或授权在本州经营商业的外州非营利公司的名称。

(c)A corporation may apply to the secretary of state for authorization to use a name that is not distinguishable upon his records from one or more of the names described in subsection(b).The secretary of state shall authorize use of the name applied for if:(1)the other corporation consents to the use in writing and submits an undertaking in form satisfactory to the secretary of state to change its name to a name that is distinguishable upon the records of the secretary of state from the name of the applying corporation;or(2)the applicant delivers to the secretary of state a certified copy of the final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction establishing the applicant's right to use the name applied for in this state.(c)公司可以向州务卿申请授权使用一个公司名称，该名称在注册帐簿上与(b)小节中所规定的一个或一个以上的公司名称没有区别。在下列情况下，州务卿应授权公司使用其所申请的公司名称：

(1)其他公司书面同意使用上述公司申请的名称，并按照州务卿满意的方式，提交一份承诺，承诺将其公司名称改为另一名称，该名称在州务卿的帐簿上与提出申请的公司所使用的名称不同；或

(2)该申请人向州务卿递交了一份有管辖权的法院所作出的经过认证的终局判决的副本，该判决判定申请人有权在本州使用其所申请的名称。

(d)A corporation may use the name(including the fictitious name)of another domestic or foreign corporation that is used in this state if the other corporation is incorporated or authorized to transact business in this state and the proposed user corporation(1)has merged with the other corporation;(2)has been formed by reorganization of the other corporation;or(3)has acquired all or substantially all of the assets, including the corporate name, of the other corporation.(d)一家公司可以使用另外一家本州公司或外州公司在本州使用的名称（包含上述虚假的名称），如果该另一家公司是按照本州的法律组织的本州公司或被授权在本州经营商业的外州公司以及提请要使用这一名称的公司(1)已经与该另外的公司合并；

(2)已经通过与该另外的公司重组而重新成立；或

(3)已经获得了该另外公司所有的或实质上是所有的资产，包括该公司的名称。(e)This Act does not control the use of fictitious names.(e)本法并不限制虚假名称的使用。§ 4.02.RESERVED NAME § 4.02.保留名称

(a)A person may reserve the exclusive use of a corporate name, including a fictitious name for a foreign corporation whose corporate name is not available, by delivering

an application to the secretary of state for filing.The application must set forth the name and address of the applicant and the name proposed to be reserved.If the secretary of state finds that the corporate name applied for is available, he shall reserve the name for the applicant's exclusive use for a non renewable 120-day period.(a)一个人可以通过向州务卿提交一份申请以归档，从而保留对一个公司名称独家使用权，包括外州公司由于其公司名称不可利用而使用的虚假的名称。该申请书中应该明确申请人的姓名和地址以及被提议要保留的公司名称。如果州务卿认为该被申请的公司名称是可以利用的，他应该为申请人保留120天对该名称的独家使用权，且该保留期不得续展。

(b)The owner of a reserved corporate name may transfer the reservation to another person by delivering to the secretary of state a signed notice of the transfer that states the name and address of the transferee.(b)保留的公司名称的所有者可以通过向州务卿提交一份已经签署的转让通知书将保留的名称转让给他人，该通知书中说明了受让人的姓名和地址。§ 4.03.REGISTERED NAME § 4.03.注册名称

(a)A foreign corporation may register its corporate name, or its corporate name with any addition required by section 15.06, if the name is distinguishable upon the records of the secretary of state from the corporate names that are not available under section 4.01(b).(a)如果外州公司在州务卿帐簿上登记注册的名称区别于4.01(b)节所规定的无法利用的公司名称，则该外州公司可以申请注册其公司名称或按照15.06节所要求的添加有字样的公司名称。

(b)A foreign corporation registers its corporate name, or its corporate name with any addition required by section 15.06, by delivering to the secretary of state for filing an application:(1)setting forth its corporate name, or its corporate name with any addition required by section 15.06, the state or country and date of its incorporation, and a brief description of the nature of the business in which it is engaged;and(2)accompanied by a certificate of existence(or a document of similar import)from the state or country of incorporation.(b)外州公司可以通过向州务卿提交一份以备归档的申请书申请注册按照15.06节所要求的公司名称或添加有字样的公司名称，该申请书应该：

(1)开列其公司名称以及按照15.06节所要求的在公司名称上所添加的字样，州名和国家名，以及公司成立的日期以及一个有关公司所从事业务的性质的简要陈述；以及

(2)附上一份该外州或外国公司存在的证明书（或有类似意义的文件）。该公司是按照外州或外国法律而组成的。

(c)The name is registered for the applicant's exclusive use upon the effective date of the application.(c)为获取独家使用权而注册的公司名称在申请生效日即被注册。

(d)A foreign corporation whose registration is effective may renew it for successive years by delivering to the secretary of state for filing a renewal application, which complies with the requirements of subsection(b), between October 1 and December

of the preceding year.The renewal application when filed renews the registration for the following calendar year.(d)公司名称的注册仍然有效的外州公司可以通过向州务卿提交一份续展申请以备归档，就可以在其后连续的年份中续展其名称，但是这一续展申请应符合(b)小节的规定，续展申请应在前一年的10月1日到12月31日期间。一旦归档，该续展申请延长了公司已注册名称在下一个年历中的有效性。

(e)A foreign corporation whose registration is effective may thereafter qualify as a foreign corporation under the registered name or consent in writing to the use of that name by a corporation thereafter incorporated under this Act or by another foreign corporation thereafter authorized to transact business in this state.The registration terminates when the domestic corporation is incorporated or the foreign corporation qualifies or consents to the qualification of another foreign corporation under the registered name.(e)公司名称的注册仍然有效的外州公司可以以外州公司的身份使此后依据本法成立的公司或此后被授权在本州经营商业的另一家外州公司有资格使用该注册的名称或书面同意其使用该名称。当本州公司成立或外州公司有资格或同意另一家外州公司有资格使用该注册名称时，该外州公司的注册即告终结。CHAPTER 5 OFFICE AND AGENT 第五章 营业地和代理人 § 5.01.Registered office and registered agent § 5.02.Change of registered office or registered agent § 5.03.Resignation of registered agent § 5.04.Service on corporation § 5.01.注册办事处和注册代理人

§ 5.02..注册办事处和注册代理人的改变 § 5.03.注册代理人的注册 § 5.04.向公司送达法律文书 § 5.01.REGISTERED OFFICE AND REGISTERED AGENT § 5.01.注册办事处和注册代理人

Each corporation must continuously maintain in this state:(1)a registered office that may be the same as any of its places of business;and(2)a registered agent, who may be:(i)an individual who resides in this state and whose business office is identical with the registered office;(ii)a domestic corporation or not-for-profit domestic corporation whose business office is identical with the registered office;or(iii)a foreign corporation or not-for-profit foreign corporation authorized to transact business in this state whose business office is identical with the registered office.每一家公司都应该在本州持续地维持：

(1)一个注册的办事处，其可能是公司任何一家营业地；以及(2)一个注册代理人，该代理人可能是：

(i)居住在本州的居民，并且其业务办事处与公司的注册办事处相同；

(ii)本州的公司或本州的非营利公司，该公司的主要业务办事处与公司的注册办

事处相同；或

(iii)授权在本州经营商业的外州公司或外州非营利公司，其主要业务办事处与公司的注册办事处相同。

CHANGE OF REGISTERED OFFICE OR REGISTERED AGENT § 5.02..注册办事处和注册代理人的改变

(a)A corporation may change its registered office or registered agent by delivering to the secretary of state for filing a statement of change that sets forth:(1)the name of the corporation;(2)the street address of its current registered office;(3)if the current registered office is to be changed, the street address of the new registered office;(a)公司可以通过向州务卿提交以备归档的变更声明，变更其注册办事处或注册代理人，该变更声明应开列：(1)公司的名称；

(2)公司目前注册办事处的街道地址；

(3)如果目前注册办事处的街道地址已经变更，则开列新的注册办事处的街道地址；

(4)the name of its current registered agent;(5)if the current registered agent is to be changed, the name of the new registered agent and the new agent's written consent(either on the statement or attached to it)to the appointment;and(6)that after the change or changes are made, the street addresses of its registered office and the business office of its registered agent will be identical.(4)公司目前的注册代理人的姓名；

(5)如果目前的注册代理人将被变更，则开列新的注册代理人的姓名以及新代理人对此项任命的书面同意（或者在声明上写明或附加于声明书上）；和

(6)在上述的变更发生之后，新的注册办事处的街道地址以及新的注册代理人的业务办事处应该相同。

(b)If a registered agent changes the street address of his business office, he may change the street address of the registered office of any corporation for which he is the registered agent by notifying the corporation in writing of the change and signing(either manually or in facsimile)and delivering to the secretary of state for filing a statement that complies with the requirements of subsection(a)and recites that the corporation has been notified of the change.(b)如果注册代理人变更其业务办事处的街道地址，他可以变更他作为注册代理人的任何公司的注册办事处的街道地址，只要向该公司发出书面的变更通知，并签署该通知书（可亲笔签名或用摹写的签名），并向州务卿提交一份声明以备归档，该声明书应符合(a)小节的要求，并说明已将变更的事实通知给公司。§ 5.03.RESIGNATION OF REGISTERED AGENT § 5.03.注册代理人的注册

(a)A registered agent may resign his agency appointment by signing and delivering to the secretary of state for filing the signed original and two exact or conformed copies of a statement of resignation.The statement may include a statement that the registered office is also discontinued.(a)注册代理人可以通过签署并向州务卿提交已经签署的辞职声明书的正本和两份准确的副本辞去代理人的职务。该声明书可以包含原有的注册办事处也不再存在的声明。

(b)After filing the statement the secretary of state shall mail one copy to the registered office(if not discontinued)and the other copy to the corporation at its principal office.(b)在将上述声明归档以后，州务卿应该给注册办事处邮寄一份声明书的副本（如果该注册办事处仍然存在的话），并将另一份副本邮寄往公司的主要办事处。(c)The agency appointment is terminated, and the registered office discontinued if so provided, on the 31st day after the date on which the statement was filed.(c)在上述声明书被归档之后的第31天，该代理人的任期即告结束，如果有关于注册办事处不再存在的规定的话，该注册办事处在该天也将不存在。§ 5.04.SERVICE ON CORPORATION § 5.04.向公司送达法律文书

(a)A corporation's registered agent is the corporation's agent for service of process, notice, or demand required or permitted by law to be served on the corporation.(a)公司的注册代理人是代理公司接受法律文件、通知、或法律所要求的或允许的送交公司的权利请求书。

(b)If a corporation has no registered agent, or the agent cannot with reasonable diligence be served, the corporation may be served by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the secretary of the corporation at its principal office.Service is perfected under this subsection at the earliest of:(1)the date the corporation receives the mail;(2)the date shown on the return receipt, if signed on behalf of the corporation;or在(3)five days after its deposit in the United States Mail, as evidenced by the postmark, if mailed postpaid and correctly addressed.(b)如果公司没有注册代理人，或该代理人不能缺乏合理的勤勉，以至于不能向他送达文书，可以通过邮寄挂号信件，索要回执，送交给在主要办事处的公司书记的方式向公司送达文书。本小节所说的送达在下列3个日期中最早的那个日期完成：

(1)公司收到邮件的日期；

(2)回执上显示的日期，如果回执是代表公司签署的；或

(3)在将邮件投入美国邮政局后的5天，以邮戳为证。如果邮资是已付的并且地址是正确的。

(c)This section does not prescribe the only means, or necessarily the required means of serving a corporation.(c)本节并不规定唯一的，或必要的向公司送达文书所要求的方式。CHAPTER 6 SHARES AND DISTRIBUTIONS 第六章 股票及其分配 Subchapter A.SHARES 第一分章 股票

§ 6.01.Authorized shares § 6.02.Terms of class or series determined by board of directors

§ 6.03.Issued and outstanding shares § 6.04.Fractional shares § 6.01.公司章程授权发行的股票 § 6.02.由董事会决定的各类股票或各系列股票的条款 § 6.03.已发行售出的股票 § 6.04.分数股票

Subchapter B.ISSUANCE OF SHARES 第二分章 股票的发行 § 6.20.Subscription for shares before incorporation § 6.21.Issuance of shares § 6.22.Liability of shareholders § 6.23.Share dividends § 6.24.Share options § 6.25.Form and content of certificates § 6.26.Shares without certificates § 6.27.Restriction on transfer of shares and other securities § 6.28.Expense of issue § 6.20.公司成立之前的股票的认购 § 6.21.股票的发行 § 6.22.股东的责任 § 6.23.股票股息 § 6.24.股票期权 § 6.25.证书的内容和形式 § 6.26.无证书的股票 § 6.27.股票和其他证券转让的限制 § 6.28.发行费用

Subchapter C.SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITION OF SHARES BY SHAREHOLDERS AND CORPORATION 第三分章 公司和股东后来获取的股票 § 6.30.Shareholders' preemptive rights § 6.31.Corporation's acquisition of its own shares § 6.30.股东的先买权 § 6.31.公司获取自身的股票 Subchapter D.DISTRIBUTIONS 第四分章 分配 § 6.40.Distributions to shareholders § 6.40.对股东的分配 Subchapter A.SHARES 第一分章 股票 § 6.01.AUTHORIZED SHARES § 6.01.公司章程授权发行的股票

(a)The articles of incorporation must set forth any classes of shares and series of

shares within a class, and the number of shares of each class and series, that the corporation is authorized to issue.If more than one class or series of shares is authorized, the articles of incorporation must prescribe a distinguishing designation for each class or series and must describe, prior to the issuance of shares of a class or series, the terms, including the preferences, rights, and limitations, of that class or series.Except to the extent varied as permitted by this section, all shares of a class or series must have terms, including preferences, rights and limitations, that are identical with those of other shares of the same class or series.(a)公司的章程应该明确规定股票的种类，每一类中不同系列的股票，以及公司被授权发行的每一种类每一系列股票的数量。如果授权公司发行的股票不止一种类型和系列，那么，公司的章程应该为每一种类或不同系列股票规定可区分的名称，并且在发行每一种类或不同系列的股票之前，公司应该对该类股票或该系列股票的优惠，限制以及相关的权利作出规定。除本节允许的变动外，必须规定同一种类或系列的任何股票应和该类或该系列股票的其他股票有相同的优惠，限制以及相关的权利。

(b)The articles of incorporation must authorize:(1)one or more classes or series of shares that together have unlimited voting rights, and(2)one or more classes or series of shares(which may be the same class or classes as those with voting rights)that together are entitled to receive the net assets of the corporation upon dissolution.(b)公司章程应该授权：

(1)一个或多个种类或系列的股票拥有无限制的投票权，并且

(2)一个或多个以上种类或系列的股票（可以是与有投票权的股票属于一类或多类相同的股票）共同有权接受公司在解散时的净资产。

(c)The articles of incorporation may authorize one or more classes or series of shares that:(1)have special, conditional, or limited voting rights, or no right to vote, except to the extent otherwise provided by this Act;(2)are redeemable or convertible as specified in the articles of incorporation:(c)公司的章程可以授权一个或多个种类或系列的股票：

(1)有特殊的，或有条件的，或有限的投票权，或无投票权，除了本法另有规定外。

(2)按照公司章程的规定，是可回收的或是可自由兑换的：

(i)at the option of the corporation, the shareholder, or another person or upon the occurrence of a specified event;(ii)for cash, indebtedness, securities, or other property;and(iii)at prices and in amounts specified, or determined in accordance with a formula;(i)回收或兑换取决于公司、股东或其他人的选择来实现的，或者是由于特定时间的发生引起的。

(ii)回收或兑换可采用现金、债券、证券或其他财产来实现；并且(iii)回收或兑换的价格和总额是预先规定好的，或者是根据某一个公式计算决定回收或兑换的价格和总额。

(3)entitle the holders to distributions calculated in any manner, including dividends

that may be cumulative, noncumulative, or partially cumulative;or(4)have preference over any other class or series of shares with respect to distributions, including distributions upon the dissolution of the corporation.(3)授权股票的持有人可以对以任何形式，包括通过累积，非累积或部分累积的方式计算所得的股息分配享有权利；或

(4)比任何其他股票具有红利分配方面的优惠性，包括在公司解散时的分配。

(d)Terms of shares may be made dependent upon facts objectively ascertainable outside the articles of incorporation in accordance with section 1.20(k).(d)根据1.20(k)节的规定，公司章程之外客观上可以查明的事实情况可以不列入有关股票的规定中去。

(e)Any of the terms of shares may vary among holders of the same class or series so long as such variations are expressly set forth in the articles of incorporation.(e)股票上的条款可以在同一种类或系列的股票持有人中间有所变化，只要这些变化是公司章程明确规定的。

(f)The description of the preferences, rights and limitations of classes or series of shares in subsection(c)is not exhaustive.(f)本法(c)小节中对股票种类或系列的优惠、限制及其相关权利的规定并不是穷尽的。§ 6.02.TERMS OF CLASS OR SERIES DETERMINED BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS § 6.02.由董事会决定的各类股票或各系列股票的条款

(a)If the articles of incorporation so provide, the board of directors is authorized, without shareholder approval, to:(1)classify any unissued shares into one or more classes or into one or more series within a class,(2)reclassify any unissued shares of any class into one or more classes or into one or more series within one or more classes, or(3)reclassify any unissued shares of any series of any class into one or more classes or into one or more series within a class.(a)如果公司章程作出规定，董事会经授权可以在不经股东同意的情况下：将未发行的股票分成一个或多个种类或一个种类当中的一个或多个系列，(1)将未发行的股票分成一个或多个种类或一个种类当中的一个或多个系列，(2)将未发行的任一种类的股票重新分成一个或多个种类或将其分成一个或多个种类中的一个或多个系列，或

(3)将未发行的任一种类的任何系列的未发行的股票重新分成一个或多个种类或一个种类当中的一个或多个系列。

(b)If the board of directors acts pursuant to subsection(a), it must determine the terms, including the preferences, rights and limitations, to the same extent permitted under section 6.01, of:(1)any class of shares before the issuance of any shares of that class, or(2)any series within a class before the issuance of any shares of that series.(b)如果董事会根据(a)小节的规定行事，那么，在6.01节允许的范围内，董事会应该：

(1)在任一种类的股票发行前，确定该类股票的优惠、限制以及相关权利，或

(2)在任一系列的股票发行前，确定一类股票中该系列股票的优惠、限制以及相关权利。

(c)Before issuing any shares of a class or series created under this section, the corporation must deliver to the secretary of state for filing articles of amendment setting forth the terms determined under subsection(a).(c)在发行本节规定的一类或不同系列股票中的任何股票时，公司必须向州务卿递交修正条款以作备案，该修正条款规定了依据(a)小节所确定的股票条款。§ 6.03.ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING SHARES § 6.03.已发行售出的股票

(a)A corporation may issue the number of shares of each class or series authorized by the articles of incorporation.Shares that are issued are outstanding shares until they are reacquired, redeemed, converted, or cancelled.(a)公司可以发行其章程所授权数量的每一种类或系列的股票。已被发行的股票直到他们被重新获得、回赎、兑换或取消时成为了发行售出在外的股票。

(b)The reacquisition, redemption, or conversion of outstanding shares is subject to the limitations of subsection(c)of this section and to section 6.40.(b)已发行售出股票的重新获得、回赎或兑换应受制于本节(c)小节以及6.40节规定的限制。

(c)At all times that shares of the corporation are outstanding, one or more shares that together have unlimited voting rights and one or more shares that together are entitled to receive the net assets of the corporation upon dissolution must be outstanding.(c)在公司股票被发行售出的所有时间内，一个或多个共同享有无限制投票权的股票或一个或多个有权在公司解散的时候收取公司净资产的股票必须是已被发行售出的股票。§ 6.04.FRACTIONAL SHARES § 6.04.分数股票(a)A corporation may:(1)issue fractions of a share or pay in money the value of fractions of a share;(2)arrange for disposition of fractional shares by the shareholders;(3)issue scrip in registered or bearer form entitling the holder to receive a full share upon surrendering enough scrip to equal a full share.(a)一个公司可以：

(1)发行一个整股的分数股票或用货币支付分数股票的价格；(2)由股东来安排对分数股的处理；

(3)发行小票，可以以登记的形式或持有的形式，授权持有人在提交了相当于整股的小票时可以取得整股的股票。

(b)Each certificate representing scrip must be conspicuously labeled “scrip” and must contain the information required by section 6.25(b).(b)每一个代表小票的证书必须明显地标出“scrip”的字样，并且必须包含6.25(b)节中所要求的信息。

(c)The holder of a fractional share is entitled to exercise the rights of a shareholder, including the right to vote, to receive dividends, and to participate in the assets of the corporation upon liquidation.The holder of scrip is not entitled to any of these rights

unless the scrip provides for them.(c)分数股的持有人有权行使一个股东的权利，包括有权投票，有权收取红利并有权分享公司清算后的净资产。除非小票上规定了上述权利，否则小票的持有人不得享有这些权利。

(d)The board of directors may authorize the issuance of scrip subject to any condition considered desirable, including:(1)that the scrip will become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date;and(2)that the shares for which the scrip is exchangeable may be sold and the proceeds paid to the scrip holders.(d)董事会可以依据其认为是适当的条件下授权发行小票，这些条件包括：

(1)如果在严格明确规定的日期之前不将小票兑换成整股，那么，该小票是失效；并且

(2)公司可以将小票可以兑换的股票出售，然后将所得的收益支付给小票的持有人。

Subchapter B.ISSUANCE OF SHARES 第二分章 股票的发行 § 6.20.SUBSCRIPTION FOR SHARES BEFORE INCORPORATION § 6.20.公司成立之前的股票的认购

(a)A subscription for shares entered into before incorporation is irrevocable for six months unless the subscription agreement provides a longer or shorter period or all the subscribers agree to revocation.(a)在公司成立之前的认股协议在六个月内是不可废除的，除非认股协议本身规定了较六个月长或较六个月短的期限或所有的认股人同意废除该协议。

(b)The board of directors may determine the payment terms of subscription for shares that were entered into before incorporation, unless the subscription agreement specifies them.A call for payment by the board of directors must be uniform so far as practicable as to all shares of the same class or series, unless the subscription agreement specifies otherwise.(b)董事会可以决定在公司成立之前认购股份的支付办法，除非认购协议已经有明确规定。董事会所发出的付款要求，只要是对同一种类或系列的所有股票是可行的，就必须是同一的，除非认购协议另有规定。

(c)Shares issued pursuant to subscriptions entered into before incorporation are fully paid and nonassessable when the corporation receives the consideration specified in the subscription agreement.(c)对于公司依据成立前的认股协议发行的股票，在公司收取认股协议中规定的价金时，该价金必须是全额的，并且不可抬高价金。

(d)If a subscriber defaults in payment of money or property under a subscription agreement entered into before incorporation, the corporation may collect the amount owed as any other debt.Alternatively, unless the subscription agreement provides otherwise, the corporation may rescind the agreement and may sell the shares if the debt remains unpaid for more than 20 days after the corporation sends written demand for payment to the

subscriber.(d)如果一个认股人没有履行依据公司成立前的认股协议所规定的支付义务，那么，公司可以像对待其他债务一样收取认股人所欠的全部金额。或者除非认股协议另有规定，公司可以废除该协议，如果这一债务在公司向认股人发送了书面的支付要求后超过20天的时间里，仍然没有付清，那么，公司可以废除该协议并卖掉这些股票。

(e)A subscription agreement entered into after incorporation is a contract between the subscriber and the corporation subject to section 6.21.(e)在公司成立之后的认股协议构成了认股人与公司之间的合同，该合同受6.21节规定的制约。§ 6.21.ISSUANCE OF SHARES § 6.21.股票的发行

(a)The powers granted in this section to the board of directors may be reserved to the shareholders by the articles of incorporation.(a)本节所授予董事会的权利也可以在公司的组织章程中将其保留给股东。(b)The board of directors may authorize shares to be issued for consideration consisting of any tangible or intangible property or benefit to the corporation, including cash, promissory notes, services performed, contracts for services to be performed, or other securities of the corporation.(b)董事会可以授权批准发行股票，从而收取价金，这些价金包括有形或无形的财产或能使公司享受的利益，包括现金、本票、提供的服务、提供劳务的合同、或公司的其他证券。

(c)Before the corporation issues shares, the board of directors must determine that the consideration received or to be received for shares to be issued is adequate.That determination by the board of directors is conclusive insofar as the adequacy of consideration for the issuance of shares relates to whether the shares are validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable.(c)在公司发行股票之前，董事会应该确定其已收到的价金或基于要发行的股票将得到的价金是充足的。董事会的这一决定是具有决定性的，因为发行股票时价金是否充足事关股票是否被合法的发行，股票的价金是否被全额付清以及是否可以增加股票的价金。

(d)When the corporation receives the consideration for which the board of directors authorized the issuance of shares, the shares issued therefor are fully paid and nonassessable.(d)当公司收到了董事会授权发行股票所得的价金，该被授权发行的股票因此就被全部付清，公司不得再增收其他的价金。

(e)The corporation may place in escrow shares issued for a contract for future services or benefits or a promissory note, or make other arrangements to restrict the transfer of the shares, and may credit distributions in respect of the shares against their purchase price, until the services are performed, the note is paid, or the benefits received.If the services are not performed, the note is not paid, or the benefits are not received, the shares escrowed or restricted and the distributions credited may be cancelled in whole or part.(e)为了获得将来提供的服务或享有的受益或本票而订立的协议，公司可以在服

务提供前，本票被清偿前或收到受益前，将已发行的股票交于第三人保存，或者可以采取其他的措施限制股票的转让，并且可以在帐本上将可以从公司获得的股票分配额记入贷方作为该股票的未偿付价金。如果该项服务没有被提供或本票没有支付或受益没有收到，那么，保存于第三人处的或限制转让的股票以及记入贷方的分配额可以全部或部分地被取消。

(f)(1)An issuance of shares or other securities convertible into or rights exercisable for shares, in a transaction or a series of integrated transactions, requires approval of the shareholders, at a meeting at which a quorum consisting of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter exists, if:(i)the shares, other securities, or rights are issued for consideration other than cash or cash equivalents, and(ii)the voting power of shares that are issued and issuable as a result of the transaction or series of integrated transactions will comprise more than 20 percent of the voting power of the shares of the corporation that were outstanding immediately before the transaction.(f)(1)在下列情况下，在一项交易或一系列整体交易中，股票或其他可自由兑换的证券或可行使的股票权利的发行应取得股东的同意，这一同意必须是在包含了至少是对此事有投票权的多数票数的法定股东人数会议上作出的：

(i)如果股票、其他证券或股票权利的发行是为了获取除现金或与现金相当的利益之外的价金，并且

(ii)如果已发行股票或基于某一交易或一系列整体交易可发行的股票包含公司股票多于20%的投票权，而且这些股票在交易之前未被及时偿付。(2)In this subsection:(i)For purposes of determining the voting power of shares issued and issuable as a result of a transaction or series of integrated transactions, the voting power of shares shall be the greater of(A)the voting power of the shares to be issued, or(B)the voting power of the shares that would be outstanding after giving effect to the conversion of convertible shares and other securities and the exercise of rights to be issued.(ii)A series of transactions is integrated if consummation of one transaction is made contingent on consummation of one or more of the other transactions.(2)在本小节中：

(i)关于已发行股票或基于某一交易或一系列整体交易可发行的股票的投票权的确定，这些股票的投票权应该是下列两种投票权中数额较大的那个，(A)将要发行股票的投票权，(B)在可自由兑换的股票和其他证券的兑换以及股票行权权利的发行生效后，那些未付股票的投票权。

(ii)如果一项交易的圆满完成取决于一个或多个其他的交易，那么，这一系列的交易就是完整的。§ 6.22.LIABILITY OF SHAREHOLDERS § 6.22.股东责任

(a)A purchaser from a corporation of its own shares is not liable to the corporation or its creditors with respect to the shares except to pay the consideration for which the shares were authorized to be issued(section 6.21)or specified in the subscription agreement(section 6.20).(a)对公司自身股票的购买人，就其所认购的股份除授权发行所得（第6.21节）或认购协议中规定的（第6.20节）价金外，并不对公司或其债权人承担任何责任。

(b)Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, a shareholder of a corporation is not personally liable for the acts or debts of the corporation except that he may become personally liable by reason of his own acts or conduct.(b)除公司章程有相反规定，公司股东个人并不对公司行为或债务承担责任，除非是由于他自身的行为所引起的，他才承担个人责任。§ 6.23.SHARE DIVIDENDS § 6.23.股票股息

(a)Unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise, shares may be issued pro rata and without consideration to the corporation's shareholders or to the shareholders of one or more classes or series.An issuance of shares under this subsection is a share dividend.(a)除非公司章程有相反规定，公司股票可以按比例向公司的股东或一个或多个种类或系列的股票的股东发行，而不收取价金。按照本节的规定发行的股票属于股票股息。

(b)Shares of one class or series may not be issued as a share dividend in respect of shares of another class or series unless(1)the articles of incorporation so authorize,(2)a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the class or series to be issued approve the issue, or(3)there are no outstanding shares of the class or series to be issued.(b)针对其他种类或系列的股票而言，某一种类或系列的股票不得作为股息发行，除非在下列情况下：(1)公司章程授权可以这样发行，(2)将要发行的某个种类或系列的股票中有投票权的多数投票赞同这一发行，或(3)将要发行的某一种类或系列的股票还没有发行售出。

(c)If the board of directors does not fix the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a share dividend, it is the date the board of directors authorizes the share dividend.(c)如果董事会没有为有权获得股票股息的股东确定登记日，那么，董事会授权认可该股东获得股票股息的日期即为有权获得该股票股息的股东的登记日。

§ 6.24.SHARE OPTIONS § 6.24.股票期权

(a)A corporation may issue rights, options, or warrants for the purchase of shares or other securities of the corporation.The board of directors shall determine(i)the terms upon which the rights, options, or warrants are issued and(ii)the terms, including the consideration for which the shares or other securities are to be issued.The authorization by the board of directors for the corporation to issue such rights, options, or warrants constitutes authorization of the issuance of the shares or other securities for which the rights, options or warrants are exercisable.(a)公司可以发行权利、期权或认股权用以使购买人购买公司的股票。董事会应该决定(i)发行这些权利、期权或认购权的条件以及(ii)包括这些将要被发行的股票或证券的价金在内的条款。董事会对公司发行这些权利、期权或认股权的授权构成了其对公司发行其权利、期权或认股权是可执行的股票或其他证券的授权。

(b)The terms and conditions of such rights, options or warrants, including those outstanding on the effective date of this section, may include, without limitation, restrictions or conditions that:(1)preclude or limit the exercise, transfer or receipt of such rights, options or warrants by any person or persons owning or offering to acquire a specified number or percentage of the outstanding shares or other securities of the corporation or by any transferee or transferees of any such person or persons, or(2)invalidate or void such rights, options or warrants held by any such person or persons or any such transferee or transferees.(b)关于这些权利、期权或认股权，包括那些在本节规定的生效日内是已发行的权利、期权或认股权的条件，可以包含但又不限于下列内容：

(1)排除或限制任何拥有或提供获取一个明确数目或百分比的公司已发行售出的股票或其他证券的人或这样一些人的受让人去行使、转让或收取这些权利、期权或认股权，或

(2)使上述这些人或其受让人持有的这些权利、期权或认股权无效。§ 6.25.FORM AND CONTENT OF CERTIFICATES § 6.25.证书的内容和形式

(a)Shares may but need not be represented by certificates.Unless this Act or another statute expressly provides otherwise, the rights and obligations of shareholders are identical whether or not their shares are represented by certificates.(a)股票可以，但是并不必须要有证书来代表。除非本法或其他制定法另有明确的规定，不管股东的股票是否有证书来代表，其权利与义务是相同的。(b)At a minimum each share certificate must state on its face:(b)每一股票证书的表面至少应陈述下列一些内容：

(1)the name of the issuing corporation and that it is organized under the law of this state;(2)the name of the person to whom issued;and(3)the number and class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, the certificate represents.(1)发行股票的公司的名称以及该公司是依据本州的法律组织成立的；(2)接受这一股票证书的相对方的姓名；以及

(3)证书所代表的股票的数量、种类以及系列的名称（如果有系列的话）。(c)If the issuing corporation is authorized to issue different classes of shares or different series within a class, the designations, relative rights, preferences, and limitations applicable to each class and the variations in rights, preferences, and limitations determined for each series(and the authority of the board of directors to determine variations for future series)must be summarized on the front or back of each certificate.Alternatively, each certificate may state conspicuously on its front or back that the corporation will furnish the shareholder this information on request in writing and without charge.(c)如果一个发行公司被授权发行不同种类的公司或一个种类中的不同系列的股票，那么，必须在每一个证书的正面或背面简要地注明适用于每一种股票的名称、相关权利、优惠和限制以及为每一系列股票所确定的权利、优惠和限制的变

动（董事会有权决定未来系列股票的变动）。另外的一种办法就是，在每一个证书的正面或背面明确地写明，公司一经股东的请求应无偿向股东书面提供上述信息。

(d)Each share certificate(1)must be signed(either manually or in facsimile)by two officers designated in the bylaws or by the board of directors and(2)may bear the corporate seal or its facsimile.(d)每一个股票证书(1)必须由公司的内部规章细则或董事会指定的高级职员签署（手签或用摹印签署）(2)可以盖上公司图章或摹印图章。

(e)If the person who signed(either manually or in facsimile)a share certificate no longer holds office when the certificate is issued, the certificate is nevertheless valid.(e)如果签署股票证书的人（手签或用摹印签署）在证书发行时，不再担任原职，该证书仍然有效。§ 6.26.SHARES WITHOUT CERTIFICATES § 6.26.无证书的股票

(a)Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, the board of directors of a corporation may authorize the issue of some or all of the shares of any or all of its classes or series without certificates.The authorization does not affect shares already represented by certificates until they are surrendered to the corporation.(a)除非公司章程或内部规章细则另有规定，公司的董事会可以授权认可发行任一或所有种类或系列中的部分或所有的股票，而不需要有股票证书。该项授权并不影响那些已经有证书代表的股票的有效性，该有效性一直持续到这些有证书代表的股票被呈递给公司时为止。

(b)Within a reasonable time after the issue or transfer of shares without certificates, the corporation shall send the shareholder a written statement of the information required on certificates by section 6.25(b)and(c), and, if applicable, section 6.27.(b)在无证书的股票发行或转让后的一段合理期间内，公司应该发给股东一个书面的陈述，陈述6.25(b)节和(c)节以及6.27节（如果可以适用该节的话）所要求的股票证书上应载明的信息。

RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER OF SHARES AND OTHER SECURITIES § 6.27.股票和其他证券转让的限制

(a)The articles of incorporation, bylaws, an agreement among shareholders, or an agreement between shareholders and the corporation may impose restrictions on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares of the corporation.A restriction does not affect shares issued before the restriction was adopted unless the holders of the shares are parties to the restriction agreement or voted in favor of the restriction.(a)公司章程、公司内部规章细则、股东之间的协议或股东与公司之间的任何协议都可以规定限制转让公司股票或公司股票转让的注册。这一限制并不影响在其实施之前已经发行的股票的有效性，除非股票的持有人是该项限制协议的一方当事人或投票表示赞同该项限制。

(b)A restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares is valid and enforceable against the holder or a transferee of the holder if the restriction is authorized by this section and its existence is noted conspicuously on the front or back of the certificate or is contained in the information statement

required by section 6.26(b).Unless so noted, a restriction is not enforceable against a person without knowledge of the restriction.(b)对股票转让或股票转让注册的限制如果是依据本法的授权，并且这一限制在证书的正面或背面被注明或是包含在6.26(b)节所要求的信息陈述中，那么，该项限制对于股票的持有人或持有人的受让人就是有效的并且是可以执行的。(c)A restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares is authorized:(1)to maintain the corporation's status when it is dependent on the number or identity of its shareholders;(2)to preserve exemptions under federal or state securities law;(3)for any other reasonable purpose.(c)公司对股票转让或股票转让注册的限制的授权认可，目的是为了：

(1)当公司依赖于一定数目的股东或其股东的同一不变时，可以维持公司的地位状况；

(2)保有依据联邦或州的证券法所的得到的豁免；(3)其他合理的目的。

(d)A restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares may:(1)obligate the shareholder first to offer the corporation or other persons(separately, consecutively, or simultaneously)an opportunity to acquire the restricted shares;(2)obligate the corporation or other persons(separately, consecutively, or simultaneously)to acquire the restricted shares;(d)公司对股票转让或股票转让注册的限制可以：

(1)首先使股东承担责任，向公司或其他人（分别地、连续地、同时地）提供一个机会获取受到限制的股票；

(2)使公司或其他人承担责任，（分别地、连续地、同时地）获取受到限制的股票；

(3)require the corporation, the holders of any class of its shares, or another person to approve the transfer of the restricted shares, if the requirement is not manifestly unreasonable;(4)prohibit the transfer of the restricted shares to designated persons or classes of persons, if the prohibition is not manifestly unreasonable.(3)要求公司、公司任何种类股票的持有人或其他人同意受限制股票的转让，如果这项要求并不是明显的不合理；

(4)禁止受限制股票转让给指定的人或指定的各类人，如果这项禁止并不是明显的不合理。

(e)For purposes of this section, “shares” includes a security convertible into or carrying a right to subscribe for or acquire shares.(e)本节中所讲的“股票”包括可自由兑换的证券或有权认购或获取股票的证券。§ 6.28.EXPENSE OF ISSUE § 6.28.发行费用

A corporation may pay the expenses of selling or underwriting its shares, and of organizing or reorganizing the corporation, from the consideration received for shares.公司可以从其发行股票所获得的价金中，支付销售或包销其股票的费用以及组织和重组公司的费用。Subchapter C.SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITION OF SHARES BY SHAREHOLDERS AND CORPORATION 第三分章 公司和股东后来获取的股票 § 6.30.SHAREHOLDERS' PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS § 6.30.股东的先买权

(a)The shareholders of a corporation do not have a preemptive right to acquire the corporation's unissued shares except to the extent the articles of incorporation so provide.(a)公司的股东对于公司未发行的股票没有优先购买获得权，除非公司的章程有所规定。

(b)A statement included in the articles of incorporation that “the corporation elects to have preemptive rights”(or words of similar import)means that the following principles apply except to the extent the articles of incorporation expressly provide otherwise:(b)公司的章程中包含有“公司有权决定先买权”这样的陈述（或类似含义的字样），意指下列原则适用于公司，除非公司章程中有明确的相反规定：

(1)The shareholders of the corporation have a preemptive right, granted on uniform terms and conditions prescribed by the board of directors to provide a fair and reasonable opportunity to exercise the right, to acquire proportional amounts of the corporation's unissued shares upon the decision of the board of directors to issue them.(1)公司根据董事会规定的统一的条件授予公司的股东享有先买权，并且为股东提供公平合理的机会去行使这一权利，去获取董事会决定发行的但未发行的一定数目比例的公司股票。

(2)A shareholder may waive his preemptive right.A waiver evidenced by a writing is irrevocable even though it is not supported by consideration.(2)公司的股东可以放弃其先买权。这一弃权必须是通过书面形式来证明，而且在事后不可撤回，即使没有对价。

(3)There is no preemptive right with respect to:(i)shares issued as compensation to directors, officers, agents, or employees of the corporation, its subsidiaries or affiliates:(ii)shares issued to satisfy conversion or option rights created to provide compensation to directors, officers, agents, or employees of the corporation, its subsidiaries or affiliates;(iii)shares authorized in articles of incorporation that are issued within six months from the effective date of incorporation;(iv)shares sold otherwise than for money.(3)关于下列股票，股东不享有先买权：

(i)作为给予公司董事、高级职员、代理人或雇员、公司的子公司或附属公司的补偿而发行的股票；

(ii)为了给予公司董事、高级职员、代理人或雇员、公司的子公司或附属公司补偿而创设的自由兑换权或期权的实现而发行的股票；

(iii)经公司章程授权，在自公司组织生效日起的6个月内发行的股票；(iv)不是为获取货币而出售的股票。

(4)Holders of shares of any class without general voting rights but with preferential rights to distributions or assets have no preemptive rights with respect to shares of any class.(4)公司任何种类股票的持有人，如果持有的股票没有一般投票权但是对公司的分配或资产没有享有优先权，那么他对公司任何种类的股票都没有先买权。(5)Holders of shares of any class with general voting rights but without preferential rights to distributions or assets have no preemptive rights with respect to shares of any class with preferential rights to distributions or assets unless the shares with preferential rights are convertible into or carry a right to subscribe for or acquire shares without preferential rights.(5)公司任何种类股票的持有人，如果他享有一般投票权，但是对公司的分配或资产没有优先权，那么，对于那些归公司分配或资产有优先权的股票，他没有先买权，除非有优先权的股票是可以自由兑换为没有优先权的股票或者其有权认购或获取没有优先权的股票。

(6)Shares subject to preemptive rights that are not acquired by shareholders may be issued to any person for a period of one year after being offered to shareholders at a consideration set by the board of directors that is not lower than the consideration set for the exercise of preemptive rights.An offer at a lower consideration or after the expiration of one year is subject to the shareholders' preemptive rights.(6)没有被股东获得的那些有待于先买权购买的股票可以在向股东发出要约之后一年的时间内向任何人发行，其发行的价金由董事会来决定，但是不得低于为行使先买权而确定的价金。一个以较低的价金提出的或在一年的期限届满之后提出的要约有待于由股东用先买权实现。

(c)For purposes of this section, “shares” includes a security convertible into or carrying a right to subscribe for or acquire shares.(c)本节中所讲的“股票”包括可自由兑换的证券或有权认购或获取股票的证券。§ 6.31.CORPORATION'S ACQUISITION OF ITS OWN SHARES § 6.31.公司获取自身的股票

(a)A corporation may acquire its own shares, and shares so acquired constitute authorized but unissued shares.(a)公司可以获取他自身的股票，并且如此获得的股票构成了公司已授权发行但未发行的股票。

(b)If the articles of incorporation prohibit the reissue of the acquired shares, the number of authorized shares is reduced by the number of shares acquired.(b)如果公司章程禁止公司对已获得股票的再发行，那么，授权发行的股票的数量应减去公司已经获得的股票数量。Subchapter D.DISTRIBUTIONS 第四分章 分配 § 6.40.DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS § 6.40.对股东的分配

(a)A board of directors may authorize and the corporation may make distributions to its shareholders subject to restriction by the articles of incorporation and the limitation in subsection(c)

(a)董事会可以授权认可，公司也可以根据公司章程和(c)小节的限制向股东作出分配。

(b)If the board of directors does not fix the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a distribution(other than one involving a purchase, redemption, or other acquisition of the corporation's shares), it is the date the board of directors authorizes the distribution.(b)如果董事会没有为股东有权享有分配（这种分配并不是关于购买股票、回收股票或其他方式获得公司股票的分配）而规定登记日，那么，董事会授权认可分配的这一天为登记日。

(c)No distribution may be made if, after giving it effect:(1)the corporation would not be able to pay its debts as they become due in the usual course of business;or(2)the corporation's total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities plus(unless the articles of incorporation permit otherwise)the amount that would be needed, if the corporation were to be dissolved at the time of the distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of shareholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the distribution.(c)在下列事项生效后，不得进行分配：

(1)公司无法偿还其在通常的商业活动中已经到期的债务；或

(2)如果公司在进行分配的时候将要被解散，因为在解散时股东的优先权优于分配权，为了满足那些股东的优先权所需要的金额再加上公司的债务，其总额超过了公司的总资产（除非公司章程另有规定）。

(d)The board of directors may base a determination that a distribution is not prohibited under subsection(c)either on financial statements prepared on the basis of accounting practices and principles that are reasonable in the circumstances or on a fair valuation or other method that is reasonable in the circumstances.(d)董事会也可以规定分配不受(c)小节的制约，这一决定或者是基于一项会计陈述上，该陈述是建立在在当时的情况看来合理的会计操作和原则基础上的 ；或者是基于在当时看来是公平的估价或其他的方法。

(e)Except as provided in subsection(g), the effect of a distribution under subsection(c)is measured:(1)in the case of distribution by purchase, redemption, or other acquisition of the corporation's shares, as of the earlier of(i)the date money or other property is transferred or debt incurred by the corporation or(ii)the date the shareholder ceases to be a shareholder with respect to the acquired shares;(2)in the case of any other distribution of indebtedness, as of the date the indebtedness is distributed;and(3)in all other cases, as of(i)the date the distribution is authorized if the payment occurs within 120 days after the date of authorization or(ii)the date the payment is made if it occurs more than 120 days after the date of authorization.(e)除(g)小节的规定外，依据(c)小节所作分配的生效日有以下几种方式。(1)如果分配是通过购买、回收公司的股票或其他的方式获得公司的股票，那么，下列两个日期中较早的那一个为分配的生效日：(i)公司转让货币或其他财产或引发债务的日期或(ii)公司股东对已经获得的股票不再享有股东资格的日期；

(2)如果是对债务的任何其他的分配，则分配的生效日为债务被分配时的日期；和

(3)在其他情况下，(i)如果偿付是在授权认可日之后的120天内作出，则分配的生效日为分配被授权认可日或者(ii)如果偿付是在授权认可日之后超过120天的时间内作出，则分配的生效日为作出偿付日。

(f)A corporation's indebtedness to a shareholder incurred by reason of a distribution made in accordance with this section is at parity with the corporation's indebtedness to its general, unsecured creditors except to the extent subordinated by agreement.(f)公司根据本节的规定所作的分配而发生的对股东的债务与公司对股东一般的，没有担保的债务是平等的。除非有协议规定它们不平等。

(g)Indebtedness of a corporation, including indebtedness issued as a distribution, is not considered a liability for purposes of determinations under subsection(c)if its terms provide that payment of principal and interest are made only if and to the extent that payment of a distribution to shareholders could then be made under this section.If the indebtedness is issued as a distribution, each payment of principal or interest is treated as a distribution, the effect of which is measured on the date the payment is actually made.(g)就公司依据(c)小节决定，认为如果本金和利息的偿付条件是依据本节的规定，在偿付本金和利息的时候也能偿付公司对股东的分配，则公司的债务，包括因分配而发生的债务，不能被认为是公司的债务如果因分配而发生的债务，每一笔本金或利息的偿付都视为是一种分配，其生效日为事实上作出该偿付的日期。(h)This section shall not apply to distributions in liquidation under chapter 14.(h)本节不适用于第14节所规定的公司清算时的分配。CHAPTER 7 SHAREHOLDERS 第七章 股东

Subchapter A.MEETINGS § 7.01.Annual meeting § 7.02.Special meeting § 7.03.Court-ordered meeting § 7.04.Action without meeting § 7.05.Notice of meeting § 7.06.Waiver of notice § 7.07.Record date § 7.08.Conduct of the meeting 第一分章 会议 § 7.01.年度会议 § 7.02.股东特别会议 § 7.03.法院命令召开的会议 § 7.04.不召开会议而采取的行动 § 7.05.会议通知书 § 7.06.放弃取得通知书的权利 § 7.07.登记日 § 7.08.会议的举行

Subchapter B.VOTING § 7.20.Shareholders' list for meeting § 7.21.Voting entitlement of shares § 7.22.Proxies § 7.23.Shares held by nominees § 7.24.Corporation's acceptance of votes § 7.25.Quorum and voting requirements for voting groups § 7.26.Action by single and multiple voting groups § 7.27.Greater quorum or voting requirements § 7.28.Voting for directors;cumulative voting § 7.29.Inspectors of election 第二分章 投票 § 7.20.出席会议的股东名单 § 7.21.股票的投票权 § 7.22.代理人 § 7.23.被提名人持有的股票 § 7.24.公司对投票的接受 § 7.25.投票团体的法定票数和投票要求 § 7.26.由单个或多个投票团体采取的行动 § 7.27.更多的法定票数或投票要求 § 7.28.投票选举董事；累计投票数 § 7.29.选举调查员

Subchapter C.VOTING TRUSTS AND AGREEMENTS § 7.30.Voting trusts § 7.31.Voting agreements § 7.32.Shareholder agreements 第三分章 投票信托组织和协议 § 7.30.投票信托组织 § 7.31.投票协议 § 7.32.股东协议

Subchapter D.DERIVATIVE PROCEEDINGS § 7.40.Subchapter definitions § 7.41.Standing § 7.42.Demand § 7.43.Stay of proceedings § 7.44.Dismissal § 7.45.Discontinuance or settlement § 7.46.Payment of expenses § 7.47.Applicability to foreign corporations 第四分章 派生的程序 § 7.40.本分章的定义 § 7.41.股东资格 § 7.42.权利请求 § 7.43.程序的中止

§ 7.44.不予受理l § 7.45.程序的终止或调解 § 7.46.支付费用 § 7.47.对外州公司的适用性 第一分章 会议 § 7.01.年度会议

(a)A corporation shall hold a meeting of shareholders annually at a time stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws.(a)公司应该每年举行一次股东的年度会议，会议的时间在公司内部规章细则规定或依据公司内部规章细则来确定。

(b)Annual shareholders' meetings may be held in or out of this state at the place stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws.If no place is stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws, annual meetings shall be held at the corporation's principal office.(b)每年的股东大会可以本州或外州举行，地点在公司内部规章细则中规定或依据公司内部规章细则来确定。如果在公司内部规章细则中没有规定或依据公司内部规章细则无法确定地点，股东的年度会议就应该在公司的主营业办事处举行。

(c)The failure to hold an annual meeting at the time stated in or fixed in accordance with a corporation's bylaws does not affect the validity of any corporate action.(c)如果在公司内部规章细则中规定的或依据公司内部规章细则确定的地点时间没有举行股东的年度会议并不影响任何公司活动的有效性。§ 7.02.SPECIAL MEETING § 7.02.股东特别会议

(a)A corporation shall hold a special meeting of shareholders:(1)on call of its board of directors or the person or persons authorized to do so by the articles of incorporation or bylaws;or(2)if the holders of at least 10 percent of all the votes entitled to be cast on an issue proposed to be considered at the proposed special meeting sign, date, and deliver to the corporation one or more written demands for the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held, provided that the articles of incorporation may fix a lower percentage or a higher percentage not exceeding 25 percent of all the votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered.Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, a written demand for a special meeting may be revoked by a writing to that effect received by the corporation prior to the receipt by the corporation of demands sufficient in number to require the holding of a special meeting.(a)在下列情况下，公司应该举行股东特别会议：

(1)应公司董事会的请求或公司组织章程或内部规章细则授权的人的请求；或(2)如果公司章程规定有权要求召开特别会议的股东对被提议在特别会议上讨论的任何议题的投票权可以是一个较低的或较高的投票权，但是不得超过25%，那么，对被提议在特别会议上予以讨论的任何议题有至少是10%的投票权的那些股票的持有人在一个或多个书面的要求召开特别会议的文件上签名、指定日期并将其提交给公司，且该书面文件当中陈述了一项或多项召集该会议的目的。除非公司章程另有规定，如果在公司收到一定数量足以要求召开特别会议的要求文件

之前，收到了书面的要求撤回请求的文件，那么，要求召开股东特别会议的书面文件即被废除。

(b)If not otherwise fixed under section 7.03 or 7.07, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting is the date the first shareholder signs the demand.(b)如果在第7.03 或7.07节没有另外规定日期，那么，为了确定有权要求召开特别会议的股东而指定的股东登记日则为第一位股东在要求召开股东特别会议的文件上的签名日。

(c)Special shareholders' meetings may be held in or out of this state at the place stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws.If no place is stated or fixed in accordance with the bylaws, special meetings shall be held at the corporation's principal office.(c)股东特别会议也可以在本州或外州举行，在公司内部规章细则中规定的或依据公司的内部规章细则确定的地点举行。如果在公司内部规章细则中没有规定或依据公司内部规章细则无法确定地点，股东特别会议就应该在公司的主营业办事处举行。

(d)Only business within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting notice required by section 7.05(c)may be conducted at a special shareholders' meeting.(d)股东特别会议只能处理7.05(c)小节所要求的在会议通知书中所规定的那些目的范围内的商务。§ 7.03.COURT-ORDERED MEETING § 7.03.法院命令召开的会议

(a)The [name or describe] court of the county where a corporation's principal office(or, if none in this state, its registered office)is located may summarily order a meeting to be held:(a)在下列情况下，公司的主要办事处（或者是注册地，如果在本州没有主要办事处的话）所在地的[州的名称]的法院可以命令召开股东会议：

(1)on application of any shareholder of the corporation entitled to participate in an annual meeting if an annual meeting was not held within the earlier of 6 months after the end of the corporation's fiscal year or 15 months after its last annual meeting;or(1)如果在公司的会计年度末后的六个月或最后一次年度会议后的15个月两个时间中较早的一个时间内没有召开年度会议，公司有权参与年度会议的任一股东的请求召开股东会议；或

(2)on application of a shareholder who signed a demand for a special meeting valid under section 7.02, if:(i)notice of the special meeting was not given within 30 days after the date the demand was delivered to the corporation's secretary;or(ii)the special meeting was not held in accordance with the notice.(2)如果发生了下列的事项，公司的一位股东签署了一份请求召开股东特别会议的文件，且该文件按照7.02小节的规定是有效的，该股东请求召开股东会议：(i)如果在请求召开股东特别会议的文件递交给公司书记后的30天内，股东还没有收到召开特别会议的通知书；或(ii)通知不召开股东特别会议。

(b)The court may fix the time and place of the meeting, determine the shares entitled

to participate in the meeting, specify a record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting, prescribe the form and content of the meeting notice, fix the quorum required for specific matters to be considered at the meeting(or direct that the votes represented at the meeting constitute a quorum for action on those matters), and enter other orders necessary to accomplish the purpose or purposes of the meeting.(b)法院可以确定会议的时间和地点，确定有权参与会议的股票，为了决定有权接受会议通知书并在会议上投票的股东而指定注册登记日，规定会议通知书的格式和内容，为要在会议上处理的特别事项而确定法定股票数（或指明在会议上代表的票数构成了处理这些事务的法定股票数），以及发出其他对实现会议目的必要的命令。

§ 7.04.ACTION WITHOUT MEETING § 7.04.不召开会议而采取的行动

(a)Action required or permitted by this Act to be taken at a shareholders' meeting may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken by all the shareholders entitled to vote on the action.The action must be evidenced by one or more written consents bearing the date of signature and describing the action taken, signed by all the shareholders entitled to vote on the action, and delivered to the corporation for inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate records.(a)如果某一行为需要对这一行为有投票权的全体股东来实施，那么本法所要求的或允许的应在股东大会上采取的行动，也可以不通过召开股东会议来实施。这一行为必须由一个或多个书面同意书来证明，这些书面同意书应包含股东的签名日，该行为情况的记述，由全体有投票权的股东签署并递交给公司记入会议纪要或与公司记录一起归档。

(b)If not otherwise fixed under section 7.03 or 7.07, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to take action without a meeting is the date the first shareholder signs the consent under subsection(a).No written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within 60 days of the earliest date appearing on a consent delivered to the corporation in the manner required by this section, written consents signed by all shareholders entitled to vote on the action are received by the corporation.A written consent may be revoked by a writing to that effect received by the corporation prior to receipt by the corporation of unrevoked written consents sufficient in number to take corporate action.(b)如果7.03或7.07小节没有另外规定，为确定有权不召开会议而采取行为的股东的登记日即为第一位股东依据(a)小节签署该书面同意书的日子。没有书面的同意书而采取本节在此规定的公司行为也应该是有效的，除非在按照本节规定的方式递交给公司的同意书上所列最早日期的60天内，公司已经收到了由对采取这一行为有投票权的全体股东签署的书面同意书。一个书面的同意书也可以通过书面的文件形式提交给公司来撤回，只要该书面文件是在公司收到数量充足的要求采取公司行动的不可撤回的书面同意书之前。

(c)A consent signed under this section has the effect of a meeting vote and may be described as such in any document.

第二篇：热门商业术语中英文对照

热门商业术语中英文对照

outbound travel：出境游

Outbound travel by Chinese citizens started in 1997 with destinations consisting merely of Thailand，Singapore，Malaysia，the Philippines as well as China’s Hong Kong and Macao.Only 5.32 million Chinese citizens traveled abroad the same year，the official said.assembly line：装配线

Airbus agreed with Premier Wen Jiabao on Sunday to study the possibility of setting up an assembly line in China —— a move that could see its jets being built outside Europe for the first time.attrition：人员自然缩减

Wagoner said the job cuts will come primarily through attrition and early-retirement packages to mitigate the impact on workers.money broker：货币经纪人

China’s banking regulator on Friday published detailed rules for the implementation of provisions to manage money brokers.blockbuster：巨片、大片

Hong Kong blockbusters swept the major prizes of Taiwan’s 42nd Golden Horse Film Awards，considered one of the top awards events of the Chinese-language film industry.smooth over：消除

The accord is aimed at smoothing over a rough spot in the US-China trade relationship before President George Bush visits Beijing in the middle of this month.reshuffle：改组；调整

A financial reshuffle by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China，which was transformed into a joint stock company，is more or less finished.severence pay：解雇金

“Laying of workers is a tough decision to make because of the strong relation witth workers and the high severance pay，” he said.cutoff point：起征点

China’s monthly personal income tax cutoff point was lifted to 1，600 yuan from 1，500 yuan after drawing on public opinions from the first-ever legislature hearing held on Sept.27.write off：勾销债款

Reform measures，including 2 billion yuan（US$246 million）in central bank bills to help write off bad loans as well as efforts to improve management，have already yielded results.upstart：暴发户；新贵

Facing intense competition both from global rivals like General Motors Corp.and domestic upstarts like Chery Automobile Co.，VW has seen its market share drop to 18 percent，from well over 50 percent in the 1990s.buy into：买入股票

Once finalized，the deal would mark the European firm’s first direct investment in China’s banking industry，after it lost a bid to buy into Bank of Beijing in March to Dutch rival ING and the World Bank’s International Finance Corp.liquidator：清算人

Stephen Liu Yiu-keung and Yeo Boon-ann have been appointed as joint liquidatorsof the company，to implement the transactions outlined in the Settlement Deed.brisk：兴旺的；生机勃勃的It is estimated that the sales volume of gold and jewelry during the week-long holiday saw a year-on-year increase of around 35 percent as business was brisk throughout the country

at a discount：打折扣

The valuation is at a discount to the country’s number-five lender，Bank of Communications（BoCom），whose shares trade at about 2.2 times book.peak season：高峰期

The first and last three days will be thepeak season of the National Day holiday.The aviation industry has entered into high season，with 400，000 passengers transporting everyday and load factor is close to 75 percent.headcount：职员总数

“These headcount reductions are indispensable.They will contribute to significant improvements in the competitiveness of Mercedes-Benz through an increase in productivity，” the company said.bow out：由…退出

Dozens of MP3 player manufacturers in Shenzhen are bowing outas fierce competition has severely squeezed their profit margins.market maker：做市商

The People’s Bank of China may name banks including HSBC Holdings Plc.，Citigroup Inc.and Bank of China as market makers in the yuan，a step toward a freely traded currency，bankers and traders familiar with the situation said.tone up：增加

“These firms make a decisive contribution to job creation.Our aim is to liberate their massive potential to improve competitiveness，tone up employment，boost economic growth and encourage social cohesion，” Sioufas said.gyration：波动

Disruptions to oil and gas supplies may add to energy price gyrations，they said.wean off：使脱离

China’s central bank pledged Monday to keep the newly unshackled yuan basically stable but urged fresh efforts to wean the economy off export-driven growth.curb：抑制；控制

The physical and psychological damage caused by Hurricane Katrina is likely to reverberate across the global economy in ways that will curb growth well into 2006，economists say.perk up：振作起来

There were no significant changes from prior quarters，and SupportSoft met revenue estimates.During the conference call，however，management raised an issue that made my ears perk up.cap：限制

In an effort to gain some control over what motorists pay at the pump，Hawaii on Wednesday became the first state in the U.S.to set caps on the wholesale price of gasoline.mortgage：抵押贷款

Rates on 30-year mortgages declined this week after posting increases for six consecutive weeks.proceeds：收益

The Internet search leader said it will use the proceeds for “general corporate purposes，” including possible acquisitions.Google added that it currently has no agreements or commitments to make a material purchase.downturn：衰退

“Six weeks after the July 7 attacks killed 56 people，including four suicide bombers，the Greater London

Authority（GLA）accepts there has been some downturn，”the economic daily reported.inflation ：通货膨胀

Consumer inflation shot up in July as rising gasoline prices pinched drivers’ wallets from coast to coast.Initial public offering：公开募股

Now the startup founded by two Chinese veterans of American tech firms is preparing to follow Google’s example with an initial public offering in the United States，hoping to raise $45 million.Skew：曲解；歪曲

However，that comparison is skewed because the sale of IBM’s personal computer division to China’s Lenovo Group Ltd.closed on May 1，lowering the figures IBM posted in the remaining two months of the quarter.Looking only at continuing operations，IBM showed a profit of $1.85 billion，$1.14 per share.Population：种群，族群

“There are clear differences between the two populations that had not been previously recognized and these were confirmed by the studies on DNA，” said Isabel Beasley，a doctoral student at James Cook University’s School of Tropical Environmental Studies and Geography.Unionized：工会组织的But aside from giving interns valuable experience，the program is a relatively cheap source of labor for Disney and sometimes worries the unionized workers，although union officials approved the program when it began almost 25 years ago.Same-store sales：同店销售额

Wal-Mart Stores Inc.raised its forecast for June same-store sales，citing demand for seasonal and general merchandise.Threshold：上限，极限

With $60 no longer a thresholdprices appeared set to go even higher，analysts said.Big-ticket：高价的，昂贵的Entrepreneurs grumble that executives pander to big-ticket electronics vendors and industrial manufacturersa symbolic gesture，analysts said，since the cartel is already pumping that much.Including Iraq，which is not bound by the official quota，OPEC’s daily output was 29.3 million barrels a day in May，according to the International Energy Agency.Newswire：新闻专线

The April figure was also better than the 4.5 percent forecast by economists surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires.Happy Hour：欢乐时光

Beer-swilling Britons face a sobering prospect： an unhappy hour.A group representing about half the country’s pubs and bars said Monday it is curbing Happy Hour offers and other deals that encourage irresponsible drinking，a British pastime that has come under increasing attack from the government.Bear out：证实

Scientists are excited about a vitamin again.But unlike fads that sizzled and fizzled，the evidence this time is strong and keeps growing.If it bears out，it will challenge one of medicine’s most fundamental beliefs： that

people need to coat themselves with sunscreen whenever they’re in the sun.Doing that may actually contribute to far more cancer deaths than it prevents，some researchers think.Stitch：缝合，缝缀

The goal of the merger is to stitch together two geographically distinct carriers wih a history of financial struggles into a stronger airline that would compete better with lower-cost rivals such as Southwest Airlines Inc.and JetBlue Airways Corp.US Airways has a strong presence on the East Coast，and in the Caribbean，while America West operates across the West from hubs in Phoenix and Las Vegas.Out-of-state：外州的Wine lovers can’t be barred from shipping home bottles purchased from out-of-state vineyards they visit in person or on the Internet，the Supreme Court said Monday in a decision toasted by the wine industry.Shade：细微差别

Disney’s profit of $698 million，or 33 cents a share，was a shade above Wall Street estimates and contrasts with the $537 million，or 26 cents，it earned a year earlier.Revenue in the period ended April 2 climbed 9% to $7.8 billion.Ratification：批准，承认

Bahrain has its own agreement awaiting U.S.Congress ratification.Two other members of the six-state Gulf Cooperation Council —— Oman and the United Arab Emirates —— have started talks on free trade deals with the U.S.Repellent：驱虫剂

After years of promoting the chemical DEET as the best defense against West Nile-bearing mosquitoes，the government for the first time is recommending the use of two other insect repellents.Thriller：惊悚片

Nicole Kidman and Sean Penn’s “The Interpreter” translated into solid box-office as the United Nations thriller debuted with $22.8 million to top the weekend for Hollywood.Peck：啄，轻吻

The “MareNostrum，” built by IBM Corp.，boasts 40 teraflops of speed.It can make more calculations in one second than a human pecking at a calculator could make in 10 million years.Buyout：全部买下

Shares in Lenovo Group，the largest Chinese maker of personal computers，rose Thursday after three buyout funds bought a stake in the company for $350 million.Oust：驱逐，罢黜

Mr Hurd，currently head of smaller US computer services group NCR，will replace Carly Fiorina，who was ousted from HP in February.HP’s shares closed up 8.1% in Tuesday trading in New York，following initial speculation of Mr Hurd’s appointment.Realism：真实性，逼真度

A judge has ordered Sony Corp.to pay $90.7 million to a company that develops technology that enhances video game realism but immediately stayed an order that would halt U.S.sales of Sony’s popular PlayStation consoles.Epizootic：家畜流行病

The report said the State Emergency Veterinary and Anti-Epizootic Committee was working on the problem，reporting outbreaks in “a few” locations，including the Hadang Chicken Farm，one of Pyongyang’s largest.Capsize：倾覆

Bernard Ebbers，the once-swaggering CEO of WorldCom，was convicted Tuesday of engineering the largest corporate fraud in U.S.historyfor the first million sold-a copy of the “Spider-Man 2” movie on the new Universal Media Disc format that Sony designed for the PSP.Shoot up：暴涨，迅速生长

Shares in Google jumped 9 percent to a record high after the company reported net income shot up more than seven times from a year earlier，beating estimates by a wide margin.Holidaymaker：度假者

The devastating tsunami that wiped out cities，seaside communities and holiday resorts in southern Asia has not put holidaymakers off visiting the region，a survey has found.Get an edge：取胜

When it comes to recruiting students for college，admissions officials are turning to increasingly outlandish stunts to get the attention of high schoolers.Birthday cards，ski weekends and even reality TV shows are being used by colleges and universities to get an edge.Shirtsleeve：只穿衬衣的，非正式的Hiring the shirtsleeve crowd represents a shift in the economy toward higher-paying jobs and a more skilled workforce.It also indicates that some companies that squeezed their middle managements four years ago are starting to rebuild them.

第三篇：美国简历中英文对照

美国签证需要用到的个人简历模板（中英文）

Nonimmigrant Visa Resume Template

Name:

Date and country of birth:

Gender:

Name and date of birth of spouse:(if applicable)

Names and dates of birth of children:(if applicable)

Address and Contact information:

Education

List here all universities and higher education institutions you have attended, starting with the most recent.You should include the following information:

Name of university

Dates of study

Degree level

Degree major and minors

Area of research

Title of thesis

Work experience

List here all paid and voluntary work you have performed and positions held, starting with the most recent.You should include the following information:

Name of company, organization or institutions

Job titles

Dates of jobs

Detailed area of responsibility, research interests, project descriptions and applications of research

Expertise in special software, machinery op equipment

Awards and patents

Have you received/won any awards related to your research or work at university or at work? Please list these.Do you hold any patents? List name, patent number and year registered.List of publications

List here all your publications you have published in China and overseas.Include the title of the published article, the date it was published and the name of the magazine, newspaper, book, etc it was published in.Other outside interests/experience List here any clubs you belong to, any memberships you hold, your interests and hobbies

Other skills

For example computer skills, languages you speak, driver's license or other permits, etc

Travel

Have you ever traveled overseas? List countries, purpose and dates of travel

Statement of Intent

For students and exchange scholars:

Proposed Study

Give a brief but detailed description of proposed area of study, including research methods and applications of the research

State supervisor's/professor's name and his/her area of expertise

State institution and department where this research is to be done

For business-related travel:

Proposed schedule

State names of contacts in the US, including the name of the company, their job title and area of expertise/business

Include an itinerary of travel detailing dates, cities to be visited, companies and people to be visited in each city

Detailed content, site and length of any training to be attended as well as applications of this training

Details of conferences, meetings, exhibitions with dates, contact info and purpose of attending

美国签证需要用到的个人简历模板（中文）

非移民签证简历模板

姓名：

出生日期和国家：

性别：

名称及配偶出生日期：（如适用）

姓名和孩子的出生日期：（如适用）

地址及联系方式：

教育经历

（列举你参加过的学校学习的情况，按照时间的倒叙记录，内容应包括以下：）

大学名称

在校时间

学位

专业

研究领域

论文题目

工作经验

你参加过的工作或者志愿工作，你的表现和所担任的职位，首先是最新的。你应包括下列资料：

公司名称，组织或机构

职称

工作的日期

详细领域的责任，研究方向，项目说明和研究中的应用

在特殊软件技术，机械设备运

奖和专利

你收到/获得有关你的研究奖励或在大学工作或在工作？请列出这些。

你是否拥有任何专利？列表名称，专利号和73030。

出版物列表

在此列出所有你在中国及海外出版的出版物。

包括标题，发表文章，这是出版的杂志，报纸，书籍等，将其命名为日发表英寸

其他外部利益/经验，任何俱乐部名单这里属于你，你持有的任何成员，你的兴趣和爱好

其他技能

例如电脑技能，语言你说，驾驶执照或其他许可证等

旅行

你有没有出国旅游？名单的国家，目的和旅行日期

学习意向声明

学生和交流学者：

拟议的研究

给出了建议的领域的研究，包括研究方法和研究中的应用简短但详细描述

国家主管的/教授的名字和他/她的专长领域

国家机构和部门在这项研究提出的解决办法

对于商务或旅游签证申请者：

拟议时间表

国名在美国的接触，包括公司名称，他们的职位和专业领域/业务

包括详细的行程日期，要访问的城市，企业和市民，在每个城市访问

详细的内容，网站和任何培训的长度将出席的，以及这种培训申请

详细的会议，会议的日期，联系信息和参加展览的目的

第四篇：美国宪法中英文对照..

Constitution of the United States

美国宪法中英文版

导言

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.序言

我们美利坚合众国的人民，为了组织一个更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内的安宁，建立共同的国防，增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们后代能安享自由带来的幸福，乃为美利坚合众国制定和确立这一部宪法。

Section 1House of Representatives, how and by whom chosen Qualifications of a Representative.Representatives and direct taxes, how apportioned.Enumeration.Vacancies to be filled.Power of choosing officers, and of impeachment.1.The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the elector in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.众议院应由各州人民每两年选举一次之议员组成，各州选举人应具有该州州议会中人数最多之一院的选举人所需之资格。

2.Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.(The previous sentence was superceded by Amendment XIV，前面语句已由宪法修正案XIV替代).The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct.The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative;and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.众议员人数及直接税税额，应按联邦所辖各州的人口数目比例分配，此项人口数目的计算法，应在全体自由人民－－包括订有契约的短期仆役，但不包括末被课税的印第安人－－数目之外，再加上所有其他人口之五分之三。实际人口调查，应于合众国国会第一次会议后三年内举行，并于其后每十年举行一次，其调查方法另以法律规定之。众议员的数目，不得超过每三万人口有众议员一人，但每州至少应有众议员一人，在举行人囗调查以前，各州得按照下列数目选举众议员 : 新罕布什尔三人、马萨诸塞八人、罗德岛及普罗维登斯垦殖区一人、康涅狄格五人、纽约州六人．新泽西四人、宾夕法尼亚八人、特拉华一人、马里兰六人、弗吉尼亚十人、北卡罗来纳五人、南卡罗来纳五人、乔治亚三人。

3.When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.任何一州的众议员有缺额时，该州的行政长官应颁选举令，选出众议员以补充缺额。4.The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers;and shall have the sole power of impeachment.众议院应选举该除议长及其他官员，只有众议院具有提出弹劾案的权力。

Section 3Times, etc., of holding elections, how prescribed.One session in each year.1.The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof;but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.各州州议会应规定本州参议员及众议员之选举时间、地点及程序，但国会得随时以法律制定或变更此种规定，惟有选举议员的地点不在此例。

2.The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December,(The words in italics were superceded by Amendment XX，宪法修正案对此有修改)unless they by law appoint a different day.国会应至少每年集会一次，开会日期应为十二月的第一个星期一，除非他们通过法律来指定另一个日期。

Section 5Compensation, Privileges, Disqualification in certain cases.1.The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same;and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place.参议员与众议员得因其服务而获报酬，报酬的多寡由法律定之，并由合众国国库支付。两院议员除犯叛国罪、重罪以及扰乱治安罪外，在出席各该院会议及往返各该院途中，有不受逮捕之特权，两院议员在议院内所发表之演说及辩论，在其它场合不受质询。2.No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have increased during such time;and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.参议员或众议员不得在其当选任期内担任合众国政府任何新添设的职位，或在其任期内支取因新职位而增添的俸禄，在合众国政府供职的人，不得在其任职期间担任国会议员。Section 7Powers of Congress The Congress shall have the power

1.To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States;but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States: 国会有权规定并征收税金、捐税、关税和其它赋税，用以偿付国债并为合众国的共同防御和全民福利提供经费，但是各种捐税、关税和其它赋税，在合众国内应划一征收

2.To borrow money on the credit of the United States: 以合众国的信用举债

3.To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states,and with the Indian tribes: 管理与外国的、州与州间的，以及对印第安部落的贸易

4.To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States: 制定在合众国内一致适用的归化条例，和有关破产的一致适用的法律

5.To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures: 铸造货币，调议其价值，并确定外币价值，以及制定度量衡的标准

6.To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States: 制定对伪造合众国证券和货币的惩罚条例 7.To establish post-offices and post-roads: 设立邮政局及建设驿路

8.To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries: 为促进科学和实用技艺的进步，对作家和发明家的著作和发明，在一定期限内给予专利权的保障

9.To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court: 设置最高法院以下的各级法院

10.To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations: 界定并惩罚海盗罪、在公海所犯的重罪和违背国际公法的罪行

11.To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water: 宣战，对民用船舶颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动的特许证，制定在陆地和海面虏获战利品的规则

12.To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years: 募集和维持陆军，但每次拨充该项费用的款项，其有效期不得超过两年 13.To provide and maintain a navy: 配备和保持海军

14.To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces: 制定管理和控制陆海军队的各种条例

15.To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions: 制定召集民兵的条例，以便执行联邦法律，镇压叛乱和击退侵略

16.To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress: 规定民兵的组织、装备和训练，以及民兵为合众国服务时的管理办法，但各州保留其军官任命权，和依照国会规定的条例训练其民兵的权力

17.To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district(not exceeding ten miles square)as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings: And, 对于由某州让与而由国会承受，用以充当合众国政府所在地的地区(不超过10平方英里)，握有对其一切事务的全部立法权，对于经州议会同意，向州政府购得，用以建筑要塞、弹药库、兵工厂、船坞和其它必要建筑物的地方，也握有同样的权力并且

18.To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.为了行使上述各项权力，以及行使本宪法赋予合众国政府或其各部门或其官员的种种权力，制定一切必要的和适当的法律

Section 9States prohibited from the exercise of certain powers.1.No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation;grant letters of marque and reprisal;coin money;emit bills of credit;make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts;pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联，不得对民用船舶颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证，不得铸造货币，不得发行纸币，不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币，不得通过任何剥夺公民权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律，也不得颁发任何贵族头衔。

2.No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws;and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States;and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.未经国会同意，各州不得对进口货物或出口货物征收任何税款，但为了执行该州的检查法律而有绝对的必要时，不在此限，任何州对于进出囗货物所征的税，其净收益应归合众国国库使用，所有这一类的检查法律，国会对之有修正和监督之权。

3.No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in a war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.未经国会同意，各州不得征收船舶吨位税，不得在和平时期保持军队和军舰，不得和另外一州或国缔结任何协定或契约，除非实际遭受入侵，或者遇到刻不容缓的危急情形时，不得从事战争。Article II Section 1-President: his term of office.Electors of President;number and how appointed.Electors to vote on same day.Qualification of President.On whom his duties devolve in case of his removal, death, etc.President's compensation.His oath of office.1.The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.He shall hold office during the term of four years, and together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: 行政权力赋予美利坚合众国总统。总统任期四年，总统和具有同样任期的副总统，应照下列手续选举

2.Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves.And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for each;which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate.The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted.The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed;and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President;and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President.But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote;a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice.In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President.But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.(The clause in italics was superceded by Amendment XII)每州应依照该州州议会所规定之手续，指定选举人若干名，其人数应与该州在国会之参议员及众议员之总数相等，但参讥员、众议员及任何在合众国政府担任有责任及有俸禄之职务的人，均不得被指定为选举人。各选举人应于其本身所属的州内集会，每人投票选举二人，其中至少应有一人不属本州居民。选举人应开列全体被选人名单，注明每人所得票数，他们还应签名作证明，并将封印后的名单送至合众国政府所在地交与参议院议长。参议院议长应于参众两院全体议员之前，开拆所有来件，然后计算票数。得票最多者，如其所得票数超过全体选举人的半数，即当选为总统，如同时不止一人得票过半数，旦又得同等票数，则众议院应立即投票表决，选毕其中一人为总统，如无人得票过半数，则众议院应自得票最多之前五名中用同样方法选举总统。但依此法选举总统时，应以州为单位，每州之代表共有一票，如全国三分之二的州各有一名或多名众议员出席，即构成选举总统的法定人数，当选总统者需获全部州的过半数票。在每次这样的选举中，于总统选出后，其获得选举人所投票数最多者，即为副总统。但如有二人或二人以上得票相等时，则应由参议院投票表决，选学其中一人为副总统。（宪法修正案XII已经替代本条款）

3.The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes;which day shall be the same throughout the United States.国会得决定各州选出选举人的时期以及他们投票的日子，投票日期全国一律。

4.No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President;neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.只有出生时为合众国公民，或在本宪法实施时已为合众国公民者，可被选为总统，凡年龄未满三十五岁，或居住合众国境内未满十四年者，不得被选为总统。.In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.(This clause has been modified by Amendment XX and Amendment XXV)如遇总统被免职，或因死亡、辞职或丧失能力而不能执行其权力及职务时，总统职权应由副总统执行之。国会得以法律规定，在总统及副总统均被免职，或死亡、辞职或丧失能力时，由何人代理总统职务，该人应即遵此视事，至总统能力恢复，或新总统被选出时为止（宪法修正案XX和XXV对本条款作了修改）。

6.The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.总统得因其服务而在规定的时间内接受俸禄，在其任期之内，俸金数额不得增加或减低，他亦不得在此任期内，自合众国政府和任何州政府接受其它报酬

7.Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: 在他就职之前，他应宣誓或誓愿如下:

“I do solemnly swear(or affirm)that I will faithfully execute the office of the President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” 「我郑重宣誓(或 矢言)我必忠诚地执行合众国总统的职务，并尽我最大的能力，维持、保护和捍卫合众国宪法。

Section 2President shall communicate to Congress.He may convene and adjourn Congress, in case of disagreement, etc.Shall receive ambassadors, execute laws, and commission officers.He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient;he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper;he may receive ambassadors, and other public ministers;he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.总统应经常向国会报告联邦的情况，并向国会提出他认为必要和适当的措施，供其考虑，在特殊情况下，他得召集两院或其中一院开会，并得于两院对于休会时间意见不一致时，命令两院休会到他认为适当的时期为止，他应接见大使和公使，他应注意使法律切实执行，并任命所有合众国的军官。

4Judicial power;to what cases it extends.Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court Appellate.Trial by Jury, etc.Trial, where 1.The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority;to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;to controversies between two or more states, between a state and Citizens of another state, between Citizens of different states, between Citizens of the same state, claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign states, Citizens or subjects.(This section modified by Amendment XI)司法权适用的范围，应包括在本宪法、合众国法律、和合众国已订的及将订的条约之下发生的一切涉及普通法及衡平法的案件，一切有关大使、公使及领事的案件，一切有关海上裁判权及海事裁判权的案件，合众国为当事一方的诉讼;州与州之间的诉讼，州与另一州的公民之间的诉讼，一州公民与另一州公民之间的诉讼，同州公民之间为不同之州所让与之土地而争执的诉讼，以及一州或其公民与外国政府、公民或其属民之间的诉讼。

2.In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction.In all the other cases before-mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.在一切有关大使、公使、领事以及州为当事一方的案件中，最高法院有最初审理权。在上述所有其它案件中，最高法院有关于法律和事实的受理上诉权，但由国会规定为例外及另有处理条例者，不在此限。

3.The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury;and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed;but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.对一切罪行的审判，除了弹劫案以外，均应由陪审团裁定，并且该审判应在罪案发生的州内举行，但如罪案发生地点并不在任何一州之内，该项审判应在国会按法律指定之地点或几个地点学行。

Section 3Each State to give credit to the public acts, etc.of every other State.Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other state.And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.各州对其它各州的公共法案、记录、和司法程序，应给予完全的信赖和尊重。国会得制定一般法律，用以规定这种法案、记录、和司法程序如何证明以及具有何等效力。Section 2Admission of new States.Power of Congress over territory and other property.1.New states may be admitted by the Congress into this union;but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state, nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the Congress.国会得准许新州加入联邦，如无有关各州之州议会及国会之同意，不得于任何州之管辖区域内建立新州，亦不得合并两州或数州、或数州之一部分而成立新州。

2.The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States;and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state.国会有权处置合众国之属地及其它产业，并制定有关这些属地及产业的一切必要的法规和章则，本宪法中任何条文，不得作有损于合众国或任何一州之权利的解释。Section 4-Republican form of government guaranteed.Each State to be protected.The United States shall guarantee to every state in this union, a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion;and on application of the legislature, or of the executive(when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.合众国保证联邦中的每一州皆为共和政体，保障它们不受外来的侵略，并且根据各州州议会或行政部门(当州议会不能召集时)的请求，平定其内部的**。Article V

Constitution: how amended;proviso.The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this constitution, or on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which，in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress: Provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year 1808, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article;and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.举凡两院议员各以三分之二的多数认为必要时，国会应提出对本宪法的修正案，或者，当现有诸州三分之二的州议会提出请求时，国会应召集修宪大会，以上两种修正案，如经诸州四分之三的州议会或四分之三的州修宪大会批准时，即成为本宪法之一部分而发生全部效力，至于采用那一种批准方式，则由国会议决，但一八零八年以前可能制定之修正案，在任何情形下，不得影响本宪法第一条第九款之第一、第四两项，任何一州，没有它的同意，不得被剥夺它在参议院中的平等投票权。Article VI

Certain debts, ect.declared valid, Supremacy of Constitution, treaties, and laws of the United States, Oath to support Constitution, by whom taken.No religious test.1.All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this constitution, as under the confederation.合众国政府于本宪法被批准之前所积欠之债务及所签订之条约，于本宪法通过后，具有和在邦联政府时同等的效力。

2.This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof;and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States shall be the supreme law of the land;and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, any thing in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.本宪法及依本宪法所制定之合众国法律;以及合众国已经缔结及将要缔结的一切条约，皆为全国之最高法律，每个州的法官都应受其约束，任何一州宪法或法律中的任何内容与之抵触时，均不得有违这一规定。

3.The senators and representatives before-mentioned, and the members of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this constitution;but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.前述之参议员及众议员，各州州议会议员，合众国政府及各州政府之一切行政及司法官员，均应宣誓或誓愿拥护本宪法，但合众国政府之任何职位或公职，皆不得以任何宗教标准作为任职的必要条件。Article VII What ratification shall establish constitution.The ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the same.第七条

本宪法经过九个州的制宪大会批准后，即在批准本宪法的各州之间开始生效。

第五篇：美国主要城市中英文名称对照

美国主要城市中英文名称对照 2006-10-18 15:39

城市英文名 城市中文名 地区代码Alaska 阿拉斯加 907

Albany(NY)奥尔巴尼 518Annapolis 安纳波利斯 410Atlanta(GA)亚特兰大 404

Augusta(ME)奥古斯塔（缅因）207Austin(TX)奥斯汀 512

Baton Rouge 巴吞鲁日 504Bismarck 俾斯麦 701

Boise 博伊西 208

Boston 波士顿 617

Carson City 卡森城 702

Charleston(WV)查尔斯顿 304Cheyenne 夏延 307

Chicago 芝加哥 312

Cincinati 辛辛那提 513

Cleveland(OH)克利夫兰 440Columbia(SC)哥伦比亚 803Columbus(OH)哥伦布 740Concord(NH)康科德 603

Dallas 达拉斯 214

Denver 丹佛 303

Des Moines 得梅因 515

Detroit 底特律 313

Dover(DE)多佛 302

Frankfort(KY)法兰克福 502Harri聪明人urg 哈里斯堡 717Hartford(AL)哈特福德 334Hawaii 夏威夷 808

Helena(MT)海伦娜 406

Houston 休斯敦 713

Indianapolis 印第安纳波利斯 317Jackson(MS)杰克逊 228

Jefferson City(MO)杰斐逊城 573Kansas City(KS)堪萨斯城 913Lansing(MI)兰辛 517

Lincoln(NE)林肯 402

Little Rock 小石城 501

Los Angeles 洛杉矶 213

Madison(WI)麦迪逊 608

Memphis 孟菲斯 901

Miami(FL)迈阿密 305

Minneapolis 明尼阿波利斯 612

Montgomery(AL)蒙哥马利 334

Montpelier(VT)蒙彼利埃 802

Morristown(NJ)莫利斯顿 973

Nashville 纳什维尔 615

New Orleans 新奥尔良 504

New York 纽约 212

Oklahoma City 俄克拉何马城 405

Olympia 奥林匹亚 360

Philadelphia(PA)费城 215

Phoenix 菲尼克斯 602

Portland(OR)波特兰 503

Providence(RI)普罗维登斯 401

Raleigh 罗利 919

Richmond(VA)里士满 804

Sacramento 萨克拉门托 916

Salem(OR)塞勒姆 503

Salt Lake City 盐湖城 801

San Francisco 旧金山 415

Santa Fe(NM)圣菲 505

Seattle 西雅图 206

Springfield(IL)斯普林菲尔德 217

St Louis 圣路易斯 314

St Paul 圣保罗 612

Tallahassee 塔拉哈西 904

Topeka 托皮卡 913

Trenton(NJ)特伦顿 609

Washington D.C.华盛顿 202

～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～ 美国州名(州名缩写)首府名

亚拉巴马Alabama--AL蒙哥马利Montgomery

阿拉斯加Alaska--AK朱诺Juneau

亚利桑那Arizona--AZ菲尼克斯Phoenix

阿肯色Arkansas--AR小石城Little rock

加利福尼亚California--CA 萨克拉门托Sacramento

科罗拉多Colorado--CO丹佛Denver

康涅狄格Connecticut--CT哈特福德Hartford

特拉华Delaware--DE多佛Dover

佛罗里达Florida--FL塔拉哈西Tallahassee

佐治亚Georgia--GA亚特兰大Atlanta

夏威夷Hawaii--HI檀香山Honolulu

爱达荷Idaho--ID博伊西Boise

伊利诺伊Illinois--IL斯普林菲尔德Springfield印第安纳Indiana--IN印第安纳波利斯Indianapolis艾奥瓦Iowa--IA得梅因Des Moines

堪萨斯Kansas--KS托皮卡Topeka

肯塔基Kentucky--KY 法兰克福Frankfort

路易斯安那Louisiana--LA巴吞鲁日Baton Rouge缅因Maine--ME奥古斯塔Augusta马里兰Maryland--MD安纳波利斯Annapolis马萨诸塞Massachusetts--MA波士顿Boston密歇根Michigan--MI兰辛Lansing

明尼苏达Minnesota--MN圣保罗St.Paul密西西比Mississippi--MS杰克逊Jackson密苏里Missouri--MO杰斐逊城Jefferson City 蒙大拿Montana--MT海伦娜Helena内布拉斯加Nebraska--NE林肯Lincoln内华达Nevada--NV卡森城Carson City新罕布什尔New hampshire--NH 康科德Concord新泽西New jersey--NJ特伦顿Trenton

新墨西哥New mexico--NM圣菲Santa Fe

纽约New york--NY奥尔巴尼Albany

北卡罗来纳North carolina--NC纳罗利Raleigh北达科他North dakota--ND俾斯麦Bismarck俄亥俄Ohio--OH哥伦布Columbus

俄克拉何马Oklahoma--OK俄克拉何马城Oklahoma City俄勒冈Oregon--OR塞勒姆Salem

宾夕法尼亚Pennsylvania--PA哈里斯堡Harri聪明人urg罗得岛Rhode island--RL普罗维登斯Providence南卡罗来纳South carolina--SC哥伦比亚Columbia南达科他South dakota--SD皮尔Pierre

田纳西Tennessee--TN纳什维尔Nashville得克萨斯Texas--TX奥斯汀Austin

犹他Utah--UT盐湖城Salt Lake City

佛蒙特Vermont--VT蒙彼利埃Montpelier弗吉尼亚Virginia--VA里士满Richmond

华盛顿Washington--WA奥林匹亚Olympia西弗吉尼亚West virginia--WV 查尔斯顿Charleston威斯康星Wisconsin--WI麦迪逊Madison怀俄明Wyoming--WY夏延Cheyenne