G20戛纳峰会公告

第一篇：G20戛纳峰会公告

1.我们，G20集团的领导人，于2011年11月3-4日在法国戛纳聚会。

2.自我们上次会议以来，全球经济的复苏已被削弱，特别是发达国家，导致失业率处于令人难以接受的水平。在这样的环境下，金融市场的紧张状态持续增长，这主要与欧洲的主权风险有关。此外还有清晰的迹象表明，新兴市场的经济增长也在放缓。商品价格的波动已导致经济增长受到威胁。全球经济的不平衡仍在持续。

3.今天，我们重申我们将致力于共同协作，我们已下定决心重新激活经济增长，创造就业，确保金融市场稳定，促进社会包容，使全球化服务于人们的需求。

增长和就业全球战略

4.为解决全球经济面临的迫切挑战，我们承诺将协调我们的行动和政策。我们每个国家都将尽到自己份内的责任。

5.我们已就《增长和就业行动计划》达成一致，以弥补短期内的经济增长弱点，增强中期内经济增长的基础。

发达经济体承诺采取政策构筑信心，支持经济增长，执行清晰、可靠和有针对性的措施来达成财政的巩固。我们欢迎2011年10月26日欧洲领导人所做的，旨在恢复希腊债务可持续性，增强欧洲银行系统，构筑防火墙避免危机蔓延，铺设欧元区经济重大改革的基础，以及呼吁各方快速加以执行的相关决定。我们支持意大利在欧元峰会上所提出的措施，同意由欧洲委员会主导的评估和监控细节。在当前形势下，我们欢迎意大利决定邀请国际货币基金组织(微博)以每个季度评估进行的方式来公开监督其政策的执行。

考虑到各国不同的情况，公共财政状况依然良好的国家承诺让自动稳定机制产生作用，自由采取行动来支持国内需求，应对经济环境潜在的实质性恶化。拥有大量经常帐结余的国家承诺进行改革，增强国内需求，并使汇率具有更大的灵活度。

我们均承诺进行进一步的结构性改革，增加我们各自国家的产出。我们的货币政策将继续维持中期内的物价稳定，继续支持经济的复苏。

6.我们已决心增强全球化的社会涵盖范围。我们坚信就业和社会包容必须是我们恢复增长和信心行动及政策的核心点。因此我们决定建立一个G20工作组，它的工作将以青年人就业为重点。我们认为，我们每个国家的社会保障基础非常重要，而且要适合国情。我们鼓励国际劳工组织(ILO)继续推动和执行八项核心的国际劳工公约，确保基本原则和权利得到贯彻。

7.我们相信社会对话所扮演的基础性角色，我们欢迎B20(20商务领袖会议)和L20(20国工会领袖会议)的成果和他们的联合声明。

构筑更为稳定和更具活力的国际货币系统

8.我们在国际货币系统的改革方面已取得进展，使其变得更有代表性，更稳定和有活力。我们已就有助于从财政整合中获得收益，增强系统活力以应对资本流动波动的行动和原则达成了一致。这其中包括一系列指导我们管理资本流动的协调一致结论，IMF和地区性金融协议合作的基本原则和针对当地货币债券市场的行动计划。我们认为，SDR(特别提款权)的组成应继续体现各种货币在全球交易和金融系统中所扮演的角色。SDR组成的评估应基于现有标准，我们将要求IMF进一步阐明这些标准。为体现货币随着时间推移的角色变化和特点，SDR的组成将在2015年甚至更早时进行再评估，而符合现有标准的货币才能进入SDR的“篮子”。我们还承诺进一步推动IMF的监管变得更有系统、更为公平和更有效率，以及更好地确定和化解溢出效应。虽然我们将继续致力于增强监管，我们同时意识到有必要更好地整合双边和多边监管，我们期待IMF在明年初提出一个新的综合性监管决策。

9.我们重申，我们将致力于更快速行动，构筑一个更由市场来决定的汇率系统，提升汇率的灵活度以体现经济的基本面状况，避免汇率长时间失准，限制通过低估币值来进行竞争。我们将采取行动，履行我们所达成的《增长和就业行动计划》中的汇率改革承诺，弥补短期内的经济增长弱点，恢复金融稳定，增强中期内经济增长的基础。我们的行动将有助于化解全球流动性和资本流动的波动所产生的挑战，进而将进一步推动汇率改革，减少储备的过度积累。

10.我们同意继续努力来进一步增强全球金融安全网，我们将支持IMF推出新的预防流动性额度(PLL)，向面临外部冲击的具有稳固政策和基本面的国家提供依情形逐渐增加的、更为灵活的短期流动性。我们还支持IMF推出一个单一工具，满足其成员国的紧急援助需要。我们呼吁IMF迅速讨论和完成这两个方案。

11.我们欢迎欧元区的综合性计划，敦促对计划进行快速细化并加以执行，其中包括各国的改革措施。我们欢迎欧元区动用全部资源和整个系统的能力来致力于恢复信心和维持金融稳定，同时确保货币和金融市场的正常功能。

我们将确保IMF继续拥有足够资源扮演系统性角色，服务于所有成员国的利益，同时将增加我们自2009年伦敦会议以来已动员的大量资源。我们已做好准备，确保能及时动员更多的资源，我们要求我们的财长在下一次会议上进行合作，配置一系列的不同可选方案，其中包括双边性地增加对IMF和SDR的贡献，自愿向IMF的诸如管理账户等特殊结构捐款。我们将迅速完全执行IMF的2010年配额和管理改革。

改革金融系统 提高市场诚信

12.2008年在华盛顿，我们承诺确保所有的金融市场、产品和参与者都受到适当的管制和监督。我们将履行这一承诺，继续对金融系统进行改革。

13.我们已同意采取综合性措施，确保没有一家金融公司达到“大不能倒”的程度，不让纳税人来承受解决方案的成本。金融稳定理事会(FSB)今天已公布了全球系统重要金融机构(G-SIFI)的初步名单。G-SIFI将接受更严格的监管，纳入一个新的国际决议体系，从2016年开始执行更高的资本充足率要求。我们已做好准备，确立对系统具有重要意义的非银行类金融机构。

14.我们已决定设立针对影子银行的管理和监督机构。我们将进一步推进对市场诚信和效率的监管，其中包括化解高频交易和黑暗流动性所产生的风险。我们已经授权国际证监会组织(IOSCO)评估信用违约掉期市场的作用。我们已经就保护金融服务业的客户达成了原则性一致。

15.我们不会允许金融业再恢复危机前的那些行为，我们将严格监督我们对银行、场外交易市场和薪酬措施责任的贯彻情况。

16.在金融委员会(FSB)所取得成就的基础上，我们一致同意改革FSB，以改善其协调能力、提高对我们金融监管议程的监督水平。改革内容包括赋予FSB法人资格和加大其金融自治能力。我们感谢德拉吉(Mario Draghi)先生此前所做的工作，对加拿大央行行长卡尔内(Mark Carney)先生担任FSB主席一职、瑞士央行总裁希尔德布兰特(Philipp Hildebrand)先生担任FSB副主席一职表示欢迎。

17.我们要求所有监管机构在税收、反洗钱/反恐融资领域坚持国际标准。我们作好了必要情况下动用现有对策的准备。我们对监管机构在税收领域取得的进步表示欢迎，要求所有监管机构采取必要行动解决全球论坛(Global Forum)检查工作时所指出的不足，被全球论坛视为监管框架不达标的机构尤应注意。我们强调税收信息全面交换的重要性、鼓励全球论坛提出改进办法。我们对《税收事务行政互助多边公约》(Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters)签字者所做的承诺表示欢迎，并强烈建议其他监管机构加入这一公约。

解决大宗商品价格波动问题 促进农业生产

18.作为金融监管议程的部分内容，我们认可国际证监会组织(IOSCO)改进大宗商品衍生品市场监管的建议。我们一致同意，为防止市场被操纵，应赋予市场监管机构有效的干预权利。除了设定事前头寸限制等权力，市场监管机构尤其应拥有和利用正式的头寸管理能力。

19.促进农业生产是解决全球人口吃饭问题的关键。为达此目的，我们决定遵照2011年6月各国农业部长达成的《稳定农产品(14.71,0.21,1.45%)价格共同行动计划》(Action Plan on Food Price Volatility and Agriculture)行动。我们尤其决定对农业生产进行投资和提供研发支持。我们推出了“农业市场信息系统”(AMIS)以增强农产品市场的透明性。为改善食品安全，我们承诺开发适宜的风险管理机制和人道主义紧急救助工具。我们决定，对于联合国(微博)世界粮食计划署(WFP)为非商业性人道主义救助目的进行的食品购买，不得施加出口限制或征收特别税。我们欢迎创立一个“快速反应论坛”(Rapid Response Forum)，以改善国际社会在市场发生危机时协调政策、提出共同反应的能力。

改进能源市场 抗击气候变化

20.我们决定提高能源市场的效能和透明性。我们承诺，改善JODI石油数据库的时效性、完善程度和可靠性，按照同样的原则改善JODI的天然气数据库。我们呼吁，供需双方每年继续就石油、天然气、煤炭的短期/长期展望与预测进行对话。我们要求有关机构对报价机构的效能和监管提出建议。我们重申中期内合理化并逐步取消鼓励浪费性消费的无效化石燃料补贴，与此同时对最贫困人群提供定向支持。

21.我们致力于即将到来的南非德班“气候变化大会”(Conference on Climate Change)的成功，支持南非担任这届大会的主席。我们呼吁贯彻坎昆协议，在各谈判领域取得进一步的进展，其中包括坎昆会议平衡成果之一部分的绿色气候基金(Green Climate Fund)的操作化。

避免保护主义 加强多边贸易体系

22.全球经济目前处于关键时期，强调多边贸易体系的优点具有重要意义：多边贸易体系是避免保护主义和关门主义的一个办法。我们重申多伦多协议做出的承诺，直到2013年底前要遏制可能复活的任何新保护主义措施，其中包括新的出口限制、与WTO相抵触的刺激出口措施，同时要求WTO、经合组织、联合国贸发会议(UNCTAD)继续进行监管和公布半年报。

23.我们支持多哈发展议程(DDA)的指令。不过如果我们继续以过去的方式谈判，显然我们是不会完成多哈回合谈判的。我们认可迄今为止所取得的进步。为增强互信，我们在2012年需要以新的、可信的方式推进谈判。我们指示本国部长在即将到来的日内瓦部长级会议上对这些方式进行研究，讨论多边贸易体系在经济全球化形势下面临的挑战和机遇，在墨西哥峰会前报告结果。

24.此外，为增进基于规则的贸易体系的效率，我们支持加强WTO。WTO应在提高贸易关系和政策的透明性、提高争端解决机制的效能方面发挥更积极的作用。

应对发展挑战

25、我们认识到经济冲击对脆弱国家的影响尤为巨大，我们致力于确保更具包容性、更稳健的经济增长。

26、发生在非洲之角的人道主义危机突出了增强食品安全应对机制和长期措施的迫切需求。我们支持戛纳最终宣言中提到的实质性倡议，加大对农业的投入，减轻食品价格波动带来的影响，尤其是对于低收入国家和农民福利的影响。我们欢迎西非国家经济共同体建立地区应急人道主义食品储备体系的倡议，以及东盟+3应急粮食储备倡议。

27、我们认识到基础设施的欠缺严重阻碍了众多发展中国家的经济增长潜能，对非洲国家尤其如此，我们支持联合国全球可持续发展高级别小组和多边开发银行提出的倡议。

28、为了实现联合国千年发展目标，我们强调发达国家兑现其发展援助承诺的关键作用。新兴经济体将开创或扩大对其他发展中国家的援助水平。我们也同意，长期来看，我们需要寻找更多资金来源以应对发展需求和气候变化。我们讨论了实现比尔-盖茨提出的革新性融资计划的诸多选项。我们中的一些国家已经采纳或将探究这样的选项。我们注意到一些国家出于不同目的对金融部门施加税收的倡议，这包括用于支持国际发展的金融交易税和其它税收。

加大反腐力度

29、在执行反腐败、提高市场诚信、营造良好商业环境行动计划上，我们已经取得了重大进展。我们认识到严格执行一项有力的国际立法框架的需求，采纳预防和抗击腐败和境外贿赂的国家措施，加大反腐败和发展公私协同的国际合作。

改善21世纪全球治理

30、我们对英国首相卡梅伦关于全球治理的报告表示欢迎。我们同意G20应继续作为一个非正式的集团存在。我们决定将主办国和前后届主办国三驾马车的组织形式正式化。我们将寻求与非成员国国家以及联合国保持持续的、有效的接触，我们欢迎他们对我们的工作给予帮助。

31、我们重申G20创立的精神是在平等基础上将世界主要经济体组织组织起来、采取一致行动是非常重要的，因此我们一致同意将以共同的政治意愿去支持经济和金融议程、改革以及与相关国际组织开展更有效的合作。我们支持在国际粮农组织和金融稳定委员会内部实施改革，我们已经承诺将巩固我们的多边贸易框架。我们呼吁国际组织，特别是联合国、世贸组织、国际劳工组织、世界银行、国际货币基金组织和经合组织，加强对话和合作，包括在经济政策的社会影响方面增加协调。

2011年12月1日，墨西哥将成为G20的主席国。我们将在2012年6月于墨西哥下加利福尼亚州再次会面。俄罗斯、澳大利亚和土耳其分别为2013年、2014年和2015年的主席国。我们还同意，作为G20改革内容的一部分，在2015年之后，G20的主席国将由轮值地区选举产生，首先由亚洲小组开始，亚洲小组包括中国、印度尼西亚、日本和韩国。

32、我们感谢作为G20主席国的法国，感谢她承办了这一非常成功的戛纳峰会。(严正、铁军、芸香编译)

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第二篇：G20戛纳峰会公告全文(英文版)

Communiqué

G20 Leaders Summit--Cannes--3-4 November 2011

1.We, the Leaders of the G20, met in Cannes on 3-4 November 2011.2.Since our last meeting, global recovery has weakened, particularly in advanced countries, leaving unemployment at unacceptable levels.In this context, tensions in the financial markets have increased due mostly to sovereign risks in Europe;there are also clear signs of a slowing in growth in the emerging markets.Commodity price swings have put growth at risk.Global imbalances persist.3.Today, we reaffirm our commitment to work together and we have taken decisions to reinvigorate economic growth, create jobs, ensure financial stability, promote social inclusion and make globalization serve the needs of the people.A global strategy for growth and jobs

4.To address the immediate challenges faced by the global economy, we commit to coordinate our actions and policies.Each of us will play their part.5.We have agreed on an Action plan for Growth and Jobs to address short term vulnerabilities and strengthen medium-term foundations for growth.Advanced economies commit to adopt policies to build confidence and support growth and implement clear, credible and specific measures to achieve fiscal consolidation.We welcome the decisions by European Leaders on October 26th, 2011 to restore debt sustainability in Greece, strengthen European banks, build firewalls to avoid contagion, and lay the foundations for robust economic governance reform in the Euro area and call for their swift implementation.We support the measures presented by Italy in the Euro Summit and the agreed detailed assessment and monitoring by the European Commission.In this context, we welcome Italy's decision to invite the IMF to carry out a public verification of its policy implementation on a quarterly basis.Taking into account national circumstances, countries where public finances remain strong commit to let automatic stabilizers work and take discretionary measures to support domestic demand should economic conditions materially worsen.Countries with large current account surpluses commit to reforms to increase domestic demand, coupled with greater exchange rate flexibility.We all commit to further structural reforms to raise output in our countries.Monetary policies will maintain price stability over the medium term and continue to support economic recovery.6.We are determined to strengthen the social dimension of globalization.We firmly believe that employment and social inclusion must be at the heart of our actions and policies to restore growth and confidence.We therefore decide to set up a G20 task force which will work as a priority on youth employment.We recognize the importance of social protection floors in each of our countries, adapted to national situations.We encourage the ILO to continue promoting ratification and implementation of the eight core Conventions ensuring fundamental principles and rights at work.7.Convinced of the essential role of social dialogue, we welcome the outcomes of the B20 and L20 and their joint statement.Towards a more stable and resilient International Monetary System

8.We have made progress in reforming the international monetary system to make it more representative, stable and resilient.We have agreed on actions and principles that will help reap the benefits from financial integration and increase the resilience against volatile capital flows.This includes coherent conclusions to guide us in the management of capital flows, common principles for cooperation between the IMF and Regional Financial Arrangements, and an action plan for local currency bond markets.We agree that the SDR basket composition should continue to reflect the role of currencies in the global trading and financial system.The SDR composition assessment should be based on existing criteria, and we ask the IMF to further clarify them.To adjust to currencies' changing role and characteristics over time, the composition of the SDR basket will be reviewed in 2015, or earlier, as currencies meet the existing criteria to enter the basket.We are also committed to further progress towards a more integrated, even-handed and effective IMF surveillance and to better identify and address spill-over effects.While continuing with our efforts to strengthen surveillance, we recognize the need for better integration of bilateral and multilateral surveillance, and we look forward to IMF proposals for a new integrated decision on surveillance early next year, and for increased ownership and traction.9.We affirm our commitment to move more rapidly toward more market-determined exchange rate systems and enhance exchange rate flexibility to reflect underlying economic fundamentals, avoid persistent exchange rate misalignments and refrain from competitive devaluation of currencies.We are determined to act on our commitments to exchange rate reform articulated in our Action plan for Growth and Jobs to address short term vulnerabilities and restoring financial stability and strengthen the medium-term foundations for growth.Our actions will help address the challenges created by developments in global liquidity and capital flows volatility, thus facilitating further progress on exchange rate reforms and reducing excessive accumulation of reserves.10.We agreed to continue our efforts to further strengthen global financial safety nets and we support the IMF in putting forward the new Precautionary and Liquidity Line(PLL)to provide on a case by case basis increased and more flexible short-term liquidity to countries with strong policies and fundamentals facing exogenous shocks.We also support the IMF in putting forward a single facility to fulfil the emergency assistance needs of its members.We call on the IMF to expeditiously discuss and finalize both proposals.11.We welcome the euro area's comprehensive plan and urge rapid elaboration and implementation, including of country reforms.We welcome the euro area's determination to bring its full resources and entire institutional capacity to bear in restoring confidence and financial stability, and in ensuring the proper functioning of money and financial markets.We will ensure the IMF continues to have resources to play its systemic role to the benefit of its whole membership, building on the substantial resources we have already mobilized since London in 2009.We stand ready to ensure additional resources could be mobilised in a timely manner and ask our finance ministers by their next meeting to work on deploying a range of various options including bilateral contributions to the IMF, SDRs, and voluntary contributions to an IMF special structure such as an administered account.We will expeditiously implement in full the 2010 quota and governance reform of the IMF.Reforming the financial sector and enhancing market integrity 12.In Washington in 2008, we committed to ensure that all financial markets, products and participants are regulated or subject to oversight, as appropriate.We will implement our commitments and pursue the reform of the financial system.13.We have agreed on comprehensive measures so that no financial firm can be deemed “too big to fail” and to protect taxpayers from bearing the costs of resolution.The FSB publishes today an initial list of Global systemically important financial institutions(G-SIFIs).G-SIFIs will be submitted to strengthened supervision, a new international standard for resolution regimes as well as, from 2016, additional capital requirements.We are prepared to identify systemically important non-bank financial entities.14.We have decided to develop the regulation and oversight of shadow banking.We will develop further our regulation on market integrity and efficiency, including addressing the risks posed by high frequency trading and dark liquidity.We have tasked IOSCO to assess the functioning of Credit Default Swaps markets.We have agreed on principles to protect financial services consumers.15.We will not allow a return to pre-crisis behaviours in the financial sector and we will strictly monitor the implementation of our commitments regarding banks, OTC markets and compensation practices.16.Building on its achievements, we have agreed to reform the FSB to improve its capacity to coordinate and monitor our financial regulation agenda.This reform includes giving it legal personality and greater financial autonomy.We thank Mr Mario Draghi for the work done and we welcome the appointment of Mr Mark Carney, Governor of the Central Bank of Canada as Chairman of the FSB, and of Mr.Philipp Hildebrand, Chairman of the Swiss National Bank as Vice-Chairman.17.We urge all jurisdictions to adhere to the international standards in the tax, prudential and AML/CFT areas.We stand ready to use our existing countermeasures if needed.In the tax area, we welcome the progress made and we urge all the jurisdictions to take the necessary actions to tackle the deficiencies identified in the course of the reviews by the Global Forum, in particular the 11 jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum whose framework has failed to qualify.We underline the importance of comprehensive tax information exchange and encourage work in the Global Forum to define the means to improve it.We welcome the commitment made by all of us to sign the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters and strongly encourage other jurisdictions to join this Convention.Addressing commodity price volatility and promoting agriculture

18.As part of our financial regulation agenda, we endorse the IOSCO recommendations to improve regulation and supervision of commodity derivatives markets.We agree that market regulators should be granted effective intervention powers to prevent market abuses.In particular, market regulators should have and use formal position management powers, among other powers of intervention, including the power to set ex-ante position limits, as appropriate.19.Promoting agricultural production is key to feed the world population.To that end, we decide to act in the framework of the Action Plan on Food Price Volatility and Agriculture agreed by our Ministers of Agriculture in June 2011.In particular, we decide to invest in and support research and development of agriculture productivity.We have launched the “Agricultural Market Information System”(AMIS)to reinforce transparency on agricultural products' markets.To improve food security, we commit to develop appropriate risk-management instruments and humanitarian emergency tools.We decide that food purchased for non-commercial humanitarian purposes by the World Food Program will not be subject to export restrictions or extraordinary taxes.We welcome the creation of a “Rapid Response Forum”, to improve the international community's capacity to coordinate policies and develop common responses in time of market crises.Improving energy markets and pursuing the Fight against Climate Change

20.We are determined to enhance the functioning and transparency of energy markets.We commit to improve the timeliness, completeness and reliability of the JODI-oil database and to work on the JODI-gas database along the same principles.We call for continued dialogue annually between producers and consumers on short medium and long-term outlook and forecasts for oil, gas and coal.We ask relevant organizations to make recommendations on the functioning and oversight of price reporting agencies.We reaffirm our commitment to rationalise and phase-out over the medium term inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, while providing targeted support for the poorest.21.We are committed to the success of the upcoming Durban Conference on Climate Change and support South Africa as the incoming President of the Conference.We call for the implementation of the Cancun agreements and further progress in all areas of negotiation, including the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund, as part of a balanced outcome in Durban.We discussed the IFIs report on climate finance and asked our Finance Ministers to continue work in this field, taking into account the objectives, provisions and principles of the UNFCCC.Avoiding protectionism and strengthening the multilateral trading system

22.At this critical time for the global economy, it is important to underscore the merits of the multilateral trading system as a way to avoid protectionism and not turn inward.We reaffirm our standstill commitments until the end of 2013, as agreed in Toronto, commit to roll back any new protectionist measure that may have risen, including new export restrictions and WTO-inconsistent measures to stimulate exports and ask the WTO, OECD and UNCTAD to continue monitoring the situation and to report publicly on a semi-annual basis.23.We stand by the Doha Development Agenda(DDA)mandate.However, it is clear that we will not complete the DDA if we continue to conduct negotiations as we have in the past.We recognize the progress achieved so far.To contribute to confidence, we need to pursue in 2012 fresh, credible approaches to furthering negotiations, including the issues of concern for Least Developed Countries and, where they can bear fruit, the remaining elements of the DDA mandate.We direct our Ministers to work on such approaches at the upcoming Ministerial meeting in Geneva and also to engage into discussions on challenges and opportunities to the multilateral trading system in a globalised economy and to report back by the Mexico Summit.24.Furthermore, as a contribution to a more effective, rules-based trading system, we support a strengthening of the WTO, which should play a more active role in improving transparency on trade relations and policies and enhancing the functioning of the dispute settlement mechanism.Addressing the challenges of development

25.Recognizing that economic shocks affect disproportionately the most vulnerable, we commit to ensure a more inclusive and resilient growth.26.The humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa underscores the urgent need to strengthen emergency and long-term responses to food insecurity.We support the concrete initiatives mentioned in the Cannes final Declaration, with a view to foster investments in agriculture and mitigate the impact of price volatility, in particular in low income countries and to the benefit of smallholders.We welcome the initiative of the Economic Community of Western African States(ECOWAS)to set up a targeted regional emergency humanitarian food reserve system, as a pilot project, and the “ASEAN+3” emergency rice reserve initiative.27.Recognizing that the lack of Infrastructure dramatically hampers the growth potential in many developing countries, particularly in Africa, we support recommendations of the High Level Panel and the MDBs and highlight eleven exemplary infrastructure projects and call on the MDBs, working with countries involved, to pursue the implementation of such projects that meet the HLP criteria.28.In order to meet the Millennium Development Goals, we stress the pivotal role of ODA.Aid commitments made by developed countries should be met.Emerging countries will engage or continue to extend their level of support to other developing countries.We also agree that, over time, new sources of funding need to be found to address development needs and climate change.We discussed a set of options for innovative financing highlighted by Mr Bill Gates.Some of us have implemented or are prepared to explore some of these options.We acknowledge the initiatives in some of our countries to tax the financial sector for various purposes, including a financial transaction tax, inter alia to support development.Intensifying our Fight against Corruption

29.We have made significant progress in implementing the Action Plan on combating corruption, promoting market integrity and supporting a clean business environment.We underline the need for swift implementation of a strong international legislative framework, the adoption of national measures to prevent and combat corruption and foreign bribery, the strengthening of international cooperation in fighting corruption and the development of joint initiatives between the public and the private sector.Reforming global governance for the 21st century

30.We welcome the report of UK Prime Minister David Cameron on global governance.We agree that the G20 should remain an informal group.We decide to formalise the Troika.We will pursue consistent and effective engagement with non-members, including the UN and we welcome their contributions to our work.31.We reaffirm that the G20's founding spirit of bringing together the major economies on an equal footing to catalyze action is fundamental and therefore agree to put our collective political will behind our economic and financial agenda, and the reform and more effective working of relevant international institutions.We support reforms to be implemented within the FAO and the FSB We have committed to strengthen our multilateral trade framework.We call on international organisations, especially the UN, WTO, the ILO, the WB, the IMF and the OECD, to enhance their dialogue and cooperation, including on the social impact of economic policies, and to intensify their coordination.On December 1st.2011, Mexico will start chairing the G20.We will convene in Los Cabos, Baja California, in June 2012, under the Chairmanship of Mexico.Russia will chair the G20 in 2013, Australia in 2014 and Turkey in 2015.We have also agreed, as part of our reforms to the G20, that after 2015, annual presidencies of the G20 will be chosen from rotating regional groups, starting with the Asian grouping comprising of China, Indonesia, Japan and Korea.32.We thank France for its G20 Presidency and for hosting the successful Cannes Summit.来源：http://bbs.cebbs.org/thread-22839-1-1.html

第三篇：G20伦敦峰会公告全文

G20伦敦峰会公告全文（附英文全文）

伦敦首脑会议-领导者的声明

2009年4月2日.我们的20国集团领导人于2009年4月2日在伦敦召开会议。.我们面临着现代社会的世界经济最大挑战，自从我们上次会议以来，危机已经加深了，从而影响到每一个国家男女老少的生活，所有国家必须携手进行解决。一场全球性危机，需要全球性的解决方案。.我们开始相信，繁荣是不可分割的；这种增长，如要持续下去，就需要共享； 我们的全球恢复计划其核心必须在勤奋工作家庭的需求和就业，不仅在发达国家，也在新兴市场和世界上最贫穷国家也是如此；我们不能只考虑今天人们的利益，同样需考虑后代的利益。

我们相信，建立基于市场原则、有效监管和强有力的全球机构之上的开放型世界经济，这是可持续性全球化发展和所有各国日益繁荣增长的唯一可靠基础。.因此，我们今天承诺作出一切所必要努力，目的是： 恢复信心，发展和就业机会；

修复金融系统以恢复贷款；

加强金融监管以重建信任；

为国际金融机构积累资金和改革我们的国际金融机构，以克服这一危机，并防止未来危机；

促进全球贸易和投资，并拒绝保护主义，以巩固繁荣； 建立一个包容性，绿色和可持续的复苏。

我们将通过联手行动来完成上述承诺使世界经济走出衰退并防止这样的危机再次发生。

5.我们今天已经达成的协议有：将国际货币基金组织（IMF）的可用资金提高两倍，至7500亿美元；支持2500亿美元的最新特别提款权（SDR）配额；支持多边发展银行（MDB）至少1000亿美元的额外贷款；确保为贸易融资提供2500亿美元的支持；利用国际货币基金组织已经同意的出售黄金储备的所得资金，为最贫穷国家提供优惠融资。这些协议共同组成了一项1.1万亿美元的扶持计划，旨在恢复全球信贷和就业市场及经济增长。

在推出上述扶持计划以前，我们各国政府都已经分别采取了各自的措施，这组成了一项庞大的全球经济复苏计划，其规模是史无前例的。

恢复增长和就业机会

6.我们正在联手进行一次从未有过的财政扩张活动，将拯救或创造数以百万计的工作岗位；如果不采取这一活动则这些工作岗位将被摧毁。到明年底为止，这一活动总额将达5万亿美元，将全球产值提高4%,并加速向“绿色经济”的转型进程。我们保证将会持续加大必要的财政扩张规模以复苏经济增长。

7.各国央行也已经采取了异于常规的行动。大多数国家已经大幅下调了基准利率，而且各国央行已经承诺，只要还有必要，就会一直维持扩张性的货币政策，此外还将动用包括非常规工具在内的所有货币政策工具以维持物价稳定性。.我们的恢复经济增长的措施，直到我们恢复国内贷款和国际资本流动才会生效。我们已经为我们的银行体系提供了重要的和全面支持 ,如提供流动资金，重组金融机构和迅速解决受损资产。我们决心采取一切必要行动，通过金融系统恢复信贷的正常流动以确保重要机构系统的健全性，并按照20国集团的商定框架执行我们的政策以恢复贷款和修复金融部门。

9.总体而言，上述行动将组成现代历史上最大规模的财政和货币刺激计划，以及最为全面的金融业扶持计划。各国联手使得这些行动的影响力得以加强，而截至目前为止已经宣布的非常政策必须毫无拖延地加以实施。今天，我们已经进一步就1万亿美元以上的刺激计划达成一致，将通过全球金融机构和贸易融资为全球经济注入更多资金。

10.国际货币基金组织上个月预测，全球实体经济将恢复增长，到2010年底为止的增长速度将超过2%.我们确信，今天我们同意采取的这些行动，以及我们在维持长期财政可持续性的同时联手恢复增长和就业的坚定承诺，将会加快经济回归增长趋势的进程。我们今天保证将采取任何必要措施来确保这一成果，并呼吁国际货币基金组织定期评估已经采取的措施，以及全球各国还需采取哪些措施。.我们有决心确保长期财政可持续性和物价稳定，通过现在必须采取的措施，以支持金融部门和恢复全球的需求来建立可信的撤出战略.我们相信通过执行我们商定的政策，我们将控制经济的长期成本 ,从而减少在较长时期内财政巩固的必要规模。12.我们将以合作的、负责任的态度来实施所有经济政策，顾及这些政策对其他国家的影响，并将取消货币贬值的“竞赛”,构建稳定的、运行良好的国际货币系统。无论是现在还是将来，我们都将支持由公平、独立的国际货币基金组织对各国经济及金融业进行监管，对一国经济政策对其他国家的影响进行监管，以及对全球经济所面临的风险作出评估。加强金融监管和调控

13.金融业的重大衰退，以及金融监管措施的重大失误，是导致当前危机的根本原因。在我们重建公众对金融系统的信任情绪以前，经济信心不会得以恢复。我们将采取行动为未来的金融业建立更加强有力的、更加具有全球一致性的监管框架，从而对可持续性的全球增长形成支撑，为企业和个人的需求服务。.我们所有人都同意确保在本国推行强有力的监管系统，同时还同意建立更加具有一致性和系统性的跨国合作，创立全球金融系统所需的、通过国际社会一致认可的高标准监管框架。

加强金融监管必须能促进经济繁荣、体制完善和提高透明度；能抵御波及整个金融系统的风险；能缩小而非放大金融和经济周期；能降低经济对不适当的风险融资来源的依赖性；以及能阻止过度的冒险活动。

监管机构必须保护个人消费者和投资者、扶持市场纪律、避免对其他国家造成负面影响、减少“监管套利”的范围、支持竞争和动力、以及跟上市场创新的步伐。.为此，我们正在执行在上次会议上所确定和商定的措施计划（附于进度报告中）.我们今天还发表了一项声明，加强金融体系。我们对如下几点达成一致意见： 建立一个新的金融稳定工作组（FSB）,作为金融稳定论坛（FSF）的继任者，这个工作组包括所有20国集团的国家，FSF 成员，西班牙和欧盟委员会。

FSB 应与国际货币基金组织合作以警惕宏观经济和金融风险，并提出必要的以解决方案；

重塑监管体系以使各国官方能够鉴别并考虑到巨大的经济风险。

加强对所有重要的金融机构、金融工具和金融市场的监管与监督。这里首先应包括对重要的对冲基金的监督与监管。

签署实施FSF苛刻的有关支付和补偿的新原则，以支持所有公司的可持续补偿计划和公司对社会采取负责任的态度。

采取行动。一旦确认经济将要复苏，就应改善银行系统资金的质量、数量和可持续性。未来，所制定的秩序必须要防止过度的杠杆作用，并在繁荣时期建立资源利用作为缓冲工具。

采取行动抵抗不合作行为，包括避税。我们时刻准备着通过制裁，来保护公共财政和金融系统。拥有银行保密系统的时代已经过去了。我们注意到今天经合组织发布了一份关于全球论坛评估的反对交换税收信息国际标准的国家的名单。呼吁会计标准制定者与监管人员通力合作，以改善评估和准备措施的标准，取得一套具有针对性的高质量的全球会计标准。

加强对信用等级评估机构的监管与登记体制，确保它们符合国际惯例，特别是要防止不可调和的利益冲突。

16.我们要求各国财长按照《行动方案》中的时间表执行上述决议。我们已经要求金融稳定委员会（FSB）和国际货币基金组织（IMF）来监督进展情况，与金融行动特别小组和其他相关实体密切协作，并在11月份在苏格兰召开的下一次各国财长会议上提交一份报告。

加强全世界金融机构的力量

17.作为最近世界增长引擎的新兴市场和发展中国家目前也面临各种挑战。这些挑战现在增加了全球经济的低迷。为了提高全球的信心和有利于经济的复苏，应该将资金持续投入其中。这就需要下大力气巩固国际金融机构，尤其是IMF.因此，我们今天一致同意，通过全球金融机构追加8500亿美元可用资金，这笔资金将用来为逆周期支出、银行资本充足、基础设施建设、贸易融资、支持国际收支平衡、新债替旧债和社会支持提供资金，从而支持新兴市场和发展中国家的增长。为此目的：

我们同意立即通过将从成员国融资得到的2500亿美元投入到IMF以增加其资源。随后共同达成一个规模更大、更加灵活的新的贷款安排，再增加最高5000亿美元，并考虑是否有必要向市场举债。

我们支持由各多边开发银行（MDB）大幅增加至少1000亿美元的贷款，包括向低收入国家提供贷款，并确保所有多边开发银行的安全，包括拥有适当的资本。

18.这些资源应该得到有效和灵活的利用以支持增长，这一点至关重要。在这一方面，我们赞赏IMF取得的进展，包括它新推出的灵活信贷安排（FCL）,以及它对贷款和限制条件框架的改革，这将确保IMF的各种工具能够有效地解决各国收支平衡融资需要的内在问题，尤其是外部资本从银行和企业部门回撤的问题。我们支持墨西哥寻求FCL的决定。

19.我们同意支持一个总的特别提款权分配安排，此举将向世界经济注入2500亿美元并提高全球流动性，并要求对《第四次修正案》进行紧急修订。

20为了让我们的金融机构能够帮助管理危机并防范未来的危机，我们必须增强它们的长期相关度、执行效力和合法性。因此除了我们今天达成的大幅增加资金来源的协议，我们还决定对国际金融机构进行现代化改革，确保它们能够在面临新的挑战时有效地向成员国和股东提供协助。我们将改革它们的授权、规模和治理，使之适应世界经济的变化和全球化的新挑战，同时新兴市场和发展中国家，包括穷国在内，必须有更大的话语权和代表权。要实现这一点，就必须相应地通过提高战略远见和决策水平来增强这些机构的信誉和问责机制。

出于这一目的： ·我们要坚决执行2008年4月达成的IMF配额和话语权改革的方案，并要求IMF在2011年1月之前完成下一次配额审查。

·除此之外，我们同意应该考虑给予IMF官员更高的参与度，令其能够向IMF提供战略指导并加强其问责机制。

·我们将大力实施2008年10月通过的世界银行改革方案。我们希望在下一次会议上，即2010年春季会议上，将通过关于发言权和会议代表改革的加速时间表而得到更好的建议。

·我们赞同国际金融机构的首脑和高级领导层一定要履行一个公开、透明的选举过程； ·根据IMF和世界银行的最新报告，我们要求会议主席与G20财长进行广泛深入的探讨，并在下一次会议上向大家报告，以期为提高国际金融机构的反应速度和适应能力进行深入改革。

21.除了改革我们的国际金融机构，令其适应全球化的新挑战，我们同意在关于促进经济活动可持续性的一些关键价值和原则上达成一项全球共识。我们支持就经济活动的可持续性问题进行讨论以期形成一个宪章，并就此在下一次会议上作进一步讨论。我们注意到其他一些论坛已经开始研究这一问题，希望能够对经济活动可持续性问题的宪章做进一步研讨。

抵制贸易保护主义，提高全球贸易和投资 世界贸易增长的繁华景气已经支撑了近半个世纪。但如今它所呈现的是25年来首次的衰退。滋生的保护主义者恶化了需求的下降和贸易信贷的萎缩，重振世界经济和投资对全球发展是关键的，我们不能重复以往所采取贸易保护主义的历史错误。于此结束：

为此我们重申在华盛顿许下的承诺：不得针对投资或商品及服务贸易设置新的障碍，不对出口施加新的限制，不得推行违背世贸组织（WTO）规则的措施来刺激出口。此外，我们将立即行动纠正已采取的这一类措施。我们决定将上述承诺的期限延长至2010年结束。

我们将努力把包括财政政策和支持金融业行动在内的国内政策行动对贸易和投资的任何不利影响降至最低程度。我们不会退而奉行金融保护主义，尤其不能采取限制世界范围内的资本流动--特别是流向发展中国家的资本--的措施。

我们将立即把任何这样的行为通报WTO,我们呼吁WTO和其他国际组织共同在各自职权范围内监督我们履行上述承诺的情况并每个季度予以公布。

与此同时，我们将采取一切力所能及的行动来促进和推动贸易及投资，我们将确保在未来两年中通过出口信贷和投资机构及多边开发银行（MDB）至少提供2500亿美元的资金来支持贸易融资。我们还将要求我们的金融监管机构将必备资本中的可用弹性资金用于贸易融资。23.我们将继续致力于就急需的多哈发展议程达成一个积极和兼顾各方的协议，这样世界经济总量每年至少能增加1500亿美元。为达成这一目标，我们承诺将维护议程已取得的进展，其中包括就议程形式所达成的一致。

24.在今后一段时期，我们将重新关注这一关键问题，我们将通过持续不断的工作和所有相关的国际会议来推动议程取得进展。

确保公平和可持续再生

25.我们决心不能仅恢复经济的成长，我们还必须为一个公平和可持续的世界经济奠定基础。我们已经意识到，当前这场危机对最贫穷国家的冲击过重，我们共同负有减轻本次危机对社会影响的责任，以求将危机对全球发展潜力的长期破坏降至最低限度。

我们重申我们在千年发展目标会议上作出的历史性承诺，我们将致力于履行我们各自的官方发展援助（ODA）承诺，其中包括促进贸易援助、债务减免及格伦伊格斯（Gleneagles）会议上做出的承诺，特别是对撒哈拉以南非洲国家的承诺。

我们今天已采取的行动和已做出的决定将提供500亿美元来支持低收入国家的社会保障、促进贸易和安全发展，这是我们在危机中显着加大对低收入国家和其他发展中国家以及新兴市场扶持力度的一个组成部分。

我们正在为最贫穷国家的社会保障体系创造可利用的资源，其中包括通过对长期食品安全项目进行投资，以及通过向世界银行的脆弱性架构体系（包括基础设施危机机构和快速社会反应基金）进行的自发的双边捐赠；

我们已决定借助新的收入模式--即动用IMF出售黄金所产生的更多资源--和结余资金在未来2至3年中为最贫穷国家再提供60亿美元的形式灵活的特惠贷款。我们呼吁IMF在春季会议上就此拿出切实的计划。

我们已同意对《偿债能力架构》的灵活性进行再评估，我们呼吁IMF和世行在国际货币金融委员会（IMFC）和发展委员会的年会上就此作出通报。我们呼吁联合国和其他国际机构建立一个有效机制，监控当前危机对最贫穷和最脆弱国家的影响。

我们呼吁联合国协同其他国际组织，建立一个有效的机制对金融危机在最贫穷国家和最易受危机侵害的国家所造成的影响实行有效监控。

26.我们对受本次危机影响的人口的数量和范围有清醒认识。我们承诺将通过创造就业机会和收入支持措施来帮助那些受到危机影响的人。我们将建立一个对男性和女性均友好的劳动力市场。因此，我们欢迎伦敦就业会议和罗马社会峰会发布的公报和它们所提出的基本原则。我们将借助刺激经济增长、投资于教育和培训来支持就业，通过积极的劳动力市场政策和关注最弱势人群来鼓励用工。我们呼吁国际劳工组织和其他相关机构共同工作，对我们已采取和未来有必要再采取的行动进行评估。27.我们同意以最佳方式使用财政刺激计划的资金，以达成帮助经济有活力、可持续且绿色复苏的目标。我们将进行变革，转用清洁的节省资源和低碳排放量的新技术及基础设施。我们鼓励多边开发银行（MDB）致力于达成这样的目标。我们将共同确定和推行构建可持续发展经济的进一步举措。

28.我们重申我们在化解气候不可逆变化威胁方面的承诺，其依据是各国负有共同但有区别责任的原则。我们将致力于在2009年12月于哥本哈根召开的联合国气候变化会议上达成协议。

履行我们的承诺

29.我们已承诺共同采取坚决的紧急行动，将以上承诺转化为行动。我们同意在今年底之前再次集会评估我们履行承诺的进展。

London Summit – Leaders’ Statement 2 April 2009 1.We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, met in London on 2 April 2009.2.We face the greatest challenge to the world economy in modern times;a crisis which has deepened since we last met, which affects the lives of women, men, and children in every country, and which all countries must join together to resolve.A global crisis requires a global solution.3.We start from the belief that prosperity is indivisible;that growth, to be sustained, has to be shared;and that our global plan for recovery must have at its heart the needs and jobs of hard-working families, not just in developed countries but in emerging markets and the poorest countries of the world too;and must reflect the interests, not just of today’s population, but of future generations too.We believe that the only sure foundation for sustainable globalisation and rising prosperity for all is an open world economy based on market principles, effective regulation, and strong global institutions.4.We have today therefore pledged to do whatever is necessary to: restore confidence, growth, and jobs;

repair the financial system to restore lending;strengthen financial regulation to rebuild trust;fund and reform our international financial institutions to overcome this crisis and prevent future ones;promote global trade and investment and reject protectionism, to underpin prosperity;and build an inclusive, green, and sustainable recovery.By acting together to fulfil these pledges we will bring the world economy out of recession and prevent a crisis like this from recurring in the future.5.The agreements we have reached today, to treble resources available to the IMF to $750 billion, to support a new SDR allocation of $250 billion, to support at least $100 billion of additional lending by the MDBs, to ensure $250 billion of support for trade finance, and to use the additional resources from agreed IMF gold sales for concessional finance for the poorest countries, constitute an additional $1.1 trillion programme of support to restore credit, growth and jobs in the world economy.Together with the measures we have each taken nationally, this constitutes a global plan for recovery on an unprecedented scale.Restoring growth and jobs

6.We are undertaking an unprecedented and concerted fiscal expansion, which will save or create millions of jobs which would otherwise have been destroyed, and that will, by the end of next year, amount to $5 trillion, raise output by 4 per cent, and accelerate the transition to a green economy.We are committed to deliver the scale of sustained fiscal effort necessary to restore growth.7.Our central banks have also taken exceptional action.Interest rates have been cut aggressively in most countries, and our central banks have pledged to maintain expansionary policies for as long as needed and to use the full range of monetary policy instruments, including unconventional instruments, consistent with price stability.8.Our actions to restore growth cannot be effective until we restore domestic lending and international capital flows.We have provided significant and comprehensive support to our banking systems to provide liquidity, recapitalise financial institutions, and address decisively the problem of impaired assets.We are committed to take all necessary actions to restore the normal flow of credit through the financial system and ensure the soundness of systemically important institutions, implementing our policies in line with the agreed G20 framework for restoring lending and repairing the financial sector.9.Taken together, these actions will constitute the largest fiscal and monetary stimulus and the most comprehensive support programme for the financial sector in modern times.Acting together strengthens the impact and the exceptional policy actions announced so far must be implemented without delay.Today, we have further agreed over $1 trillion of additional resources for the world economy through our international financial institutions and trade finance.10.Last month the IMF estimated that world growth in real terms would resume and rise to over 2 percent by the end of 2010.We are confident that the actions we have agreed today, and our unshakeable commitment to work together to restore growth and jobs, while preserving long-term fiscal sustainability, will accelerate the return to trend growth.We commit today to taking whatever action is necessary to secure that outcome, and we call on the IMF to assess regularly the actions taken and the global actions required.11.We are resolved to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability and price stability and will put in place credible exit strategies from the measures that need to be taken now to support the financial sector and restore global demand.We are convinced that by implementing our agreed policies we will limit the longer-term costs to our economies, thereby reducing the scale of the fiscal consolidation necessary over the longer term.12.We will conduct all our economic policies cooperatively and responsibly with regard to the impact on other countries and will refrain from competitive devaluation of our currencies and promote a stable and well-functioning international monetary system.We will support, now and in the future, to candid, even-handed, and independent IMF surveillance of our economies and financial sectors, of the impact of our policies on others, and of risks facing the global economy.Strengthening financial supervision and regulation

13.Major failures in the financial sector and in financial regulation and supervision were fundamental causes of the crisis.Confidence will not be restored until we rebuild trust in our financial system.We will take action to build a stronger, more globally consistent, supervisory and regulatory framework for the future financial sector, which will support sustainable global growth and serve the needs of business and citizens.14.We each agree to ensure our domestic regulatory systems are strong.But we also agree to establish the much greater consistency and systematic cooperation between countries, and the framework of internationally agreed high standards, that a global financial system requires.Strengthened regulation and supervision must promote propriety, integrity and transparency;guard against risk across the financial system;dampen rather than amplify the financial and economic cycle;reduce reliance on inappropriately risky sources of financing;and discourage excessive risk-taking.Regulators and supervisors must protect consumers and investors, support market discipline, avoid adverse impacts on other countries, reduce the scope for regulatory arbitrage, support competition and dynamism, and keep pace with innovation in the marketplace.15.To this end we are implementing the Action Plan agreed at our last meeting, as set out in the attached progress report.We have today also issued a Declaration, Strengthening the Financial System.In particular we agree: to establish a new Financial Stability Board(FSB) with a strengthened mandate, as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum(FSF), including all G20 countries, FSF members, Spain, and the European Commission;that the FSB should collaborate with the IMF to provide early warning of macroeconomic and financial risks and the actions needed to address them;to reshape our regulatory systems so that our authorities are able to identify and take account of macro-prudential risks;to extend regulation and oversight to all systemically important financial institutions, instruments and markets.This will include, for the first time, systemically important hedge funds;to endorse and implement the FSF’s tough new principles on pay and compensation and to support sustainable compensation schemes and the corporate social responsibility of all firms;to take action, once recovery is assured, to improve the quality, quantity, and international consistency of capital in the banking system.In future, regulation must prevent excessive leverage and require buffers of resources to be built up in good times;to take action against non-cooperative jurisdictions, including tax havens.We stand ready to deploy sanctions to protect our public finances and financial systems.The era of banking secrecy is over.We note that the OECD has today published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of tax information;to call on the accounting standard setters to work urgently with supervisors and regulators to improve standards on valuation and provisioning and achieve a single set of high-quality global accounting standards;and to extend regulatory oversight and registration to Credit Rating Agencies to ensure they meet the international code of good practice, particularly to prevent unacceptable conflicts of interest.16.We instruct our Finance Ministers to complete the implementation of these decisions in line with the timetable set out in the Action Plan.We have asked the FSB and the IMF to monitor progress, working with the Financial Action Taskforce and other relevant bodies, and to provide a report to the next meeting of our Finance Ministers in Scotland in November.Strengthening our global financial institutions

17.Emerging markets and developing countries, which have been the engine of recent world growth, are also now facing challenges which are adding to the current downturn in the global economy.It is imperative for global confidence and economic recovery that capital continues to flow to them.This will require a substantial strengthening of the international financial institutions, particularly the IMF.We have therefore agreed today to make available an additional $850 billion of resources through the global financial institutions to support growth in emerging market and developing countries by helping to finance counter-cyclical spending, bank recapitalisation, infrastructure, trade finance, balance of payments support, debt rollover, and social support.To this end: we have agreed to increase the resources available to the IMF through immediate financing from members of $250 billion, subsequently incorporated into an expanded and more flexible New Arrangements to Borrow, increased by up to $500 billion, and to consider market borrowing if necessary;and we support a substantial increase in lending of at least $100 billion by the Multilateral Development Banks(MDBs), including to low income countries, and ensure that all MDBs, including have the appropriate capital.18.It is essential that these resources can be used effectively and flexibly to support growth.We welcome in this respect the progress made by the IMF with its new Flexible Credit Line(FCL)and its reformed lending and conditionality framework which will enable the IMF to ensure that its facilities address effectively the underlying causes of countries’ balance of payments financing needs, particularly the withdrawal of external capital flows to the banking and corporate sectors.We support Mexico’s decision to seek an FCL arrangement.19.We have agreed to support a general SDR allocation which will inject $250 billion into the world economy and increase global liquidity, and urgent ratification of the Fourth Amendment.20.In order for our financial institutions to help manage the crisis and prevent future crises we must strengthen their longer term relevance, effectiveness and legitimacy.So alongside the significant increase in resources agreed today we are determined to reform and modernise the international financial institutions to ensure they can assist members and shareholders effectively in the new challenges they face.We will reform their mandates, scope and governance to reflect changes in the world economy and the new challenges of globalisation, and that emerging and developing economies, including the poorest, must have greater voice and representation.This must be accompanied by action to increase the credibility and accountability of the institutions through better strategic oversight and decision making.To this end: we commit to implementing the package of IMF quota and voice reforms agreed in April 2008 and call on the IMF to complete the next review of quotas by January 2011;we agree that, alongside this, consideration should be given to greater involvement of the Fund’s Governors in providing strategic direction to the IMF and increasing its accountability;we commit to implementing the World Bank reforms agreed in October 2008.We look forward to further recommendations, at the next meetings, on voice and representation reforms on an accelerated timescale, to be agreed by the 2010 Spring Meetings;we agree that the heads and senior leadership of the international financial institutions should be appointed through an open, transparent, and merit-based selection process;and building on the current reviews of the IMF and World Bank we asked the Chairman, working with the G20 Finance Ministers, to consult widely in an inclusive process and report back to the next meeting with proposals for further reforms to improve the responsiveness and adaptability of the IFIs.21.In addition to reforming our international financial institutions for the new challenges of globalisation we agreed on the desirability of a new global consensus on the key values and principles that will promote sustainable economic activity.We support discussion on such a charter for sustainable economic activity with a view to further discussion at our next meeting.We take note of the work started in other fora in this regard and look forward to further discussion of this charter for sustainable economic activity.Resisting protectionism and promoting global trade and investment

22.World trade growth has underpinned rising prosperity for half a century.But it is now falling for the first time in 25 years.Falling demand is exacerbated by growing protectionist pressures and a withdrawal of trade credit.Reinvigorating world trade and investment is essential for restoring global growth.We will not repeat the historic mistakes of protectionism of previous eras.To this end: we reaffirm the commitment made in Washington: to refrain from raising new barriers to investment or to trade in goods and services, imposing new export restrictions, or implementing World Trade Organisation(WTO)inconsistent measures to stimulate exports.In addition we will rectify promptly any such measures.We extend this pledge to the end of 2010;we will minimise any negative impact on trade and investment of our domestic policy actions including fiscal policy and action in support of the financial sector.We will not retreat into financial protectionism, particularly measures that constrain worldwide capital flows, especially to developing countries;we will notify promptly the WTO of any such measures and we call on the WTO, together with other international bodies, within their respective mandates, to monitor and report publicly on our adherence to these undertakings on a quarterly basis;we will take, at the same time, whatever steps we can to promote and facilitate trade and investment;and we will ensure availability of at least $250 billion over the next two years to support trade finance through our export credit and investment agencies and through the MDBs.We also ask our regulators to make use of available flexibility in capital requirements for trade finance.23.We remain committed to reaching an ambitious and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Round, which is urgently needed.This could boost the global economy by at least $150 billion per annum.To achieve this we are committed to building on the progress already made, including with regard to modalities.24.We will give renewed focus and political attention to this critical issue in the coming period and will use our continuing work and all international meetings that are relevant to drive progress.Ensuring a fair and sustainable recovery for all

25.We are determined not only to restore growth but to lay the foundation for a fair and sustainable world economy.We recognise that the current crisis has a disproportionate impact on the vulnerable in the poorest countries and recognise our collective responsibility to mitigate the social impact of the crisis to minimise long-lasting damage to global potential.To this end: we reaffirm our historic commitment to meeting the Millennium Development Goals and to achieving our respective ODA pledges, including commitments on Aid for Trade, debt relief, and the Gleneagles commitments, especially to sub-Saharan Africa;the actions and decisions we have taken today will provide $50 billion to support social protection, boost trade and safeguard development in low income countries, as part of the significant increase in crisis support for these and other developing countries and emerging markets;we are making available resources for social protection for the poorest countries, including through investing in long-term food security and through voluntary bilateral contributions to the World Bank’s Vulnerability Framework, including the Infrastructure Crisis Facility, and the Rapid Social Response Fund;we have committed, consistent with the new income model, that additional resources from agreed sales of IMF gold will be used, together with surplus income, to provide $6 billion additional concessional and flexible finance for the poorest countries over the next 2 to 3 years.We call on the IMF to come forward with concrete proposals at the Spring Meetings;we have agreed to review the flexibility of the Debt Sustainability Framework and call on the IMF and World Bank to report to the IMFC and Development Committee at the Annual Meetings;and we call on the UN, working with other global institutions, to establish an effective mechanism to monitor the impact of the crisis on the poorest and most vulnerable.26.We recognise the human dimension to the crisis.We commit to support those affected by the crisis by creating employment opportunities and through income support measures.We will build a fair and family-friendly labour market for both women and men.We therefore welcome the reports of the London Jobs Conference and the Rome Social Summit and the key principles they proposed.We will support employment by stimulating growth, investing in education and training, and through active labour market policies, focusing on the most vulnerable.We call upon the ILO, working with other relevant organisations, to assess the actions taken and those required for the future.27.We agreed to make the best possible use of investment funded by fiscal stimulus programmes towards the goal of building a resilient, sustainable, and green recovery.We will make the transition towards clean, innovative, resource efficient, low carbon technologies and infrastructure.We encourage the MDBs to contribute fully to the achievement of this objective.We will identify and work together on further measures to build sustainable economies.28.We reaffirm our commitment to address the threat of irreversible climate change, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and to reach agreement at the UN Climate Change conference in Copenhagen in December 2009.Delivering our commitments

29.We have committed ourselves to work together with urgency and determination to translate these words into action.We agreed to meet again before the end of this year to review progress on our commitments.

第四篇：戛纳电影节

戛纳电影节(Festival de Cannes)介绍：

“戛纳电影节”是世界上最著名的电影节之一，被誉为“电影界的奥运会”(“戛纳”的读音为jiá nà，法文是Cannes，“戛纳”在香港称 “康城”，在台湾称“坎城”，因此“戛纳电影节”也叫“康城电影节”、“坎城电影节”)。戛纳电影节一年一次，每年5月中旬举行，第62届戛纳电影节将于5月13日至24日举行。戛纳电影节颁发的“金棕榈大奖”(法语为：Palme d'Or，英语为：Golden Palm Awards)被公认为电影界最高荣誉之一，戛纳电影节的建筑群坐落在500米长的海滩上，其中包括25个电影院和放映室，中心是6层高的电影节宫。

戛纳是法国东南部城市欧洲有名的旅游胜地和国际名流社交集会场所，因戛纳国际电影节而闻名于世。戛纳国际电影节所在地为旅游地。戛纳位于尼斯西南约26公里，邻近地中海，是法国阿尔卑斯滨海省政府省政府会。戛纳海水蔚蓝、棕榈葱翠、气候温和、风光明媚，与尼斯和蒙特卡洛并称为南欧三大游览中心。戛纳拥有世界上最洁白漂亮的海滩，是度假的好场所。戛纳棕榈树海滨大道沿海岸伸展，道旁多豪华旅馆。戛纳主要景点有：海滨大道、老城区、11世纪城堡等。

法国东南部的沿海小镇戛纳，和其他蓝色海岸地区的闲适安静不同，它虽然也拥有蔚蓝迷人的海岸线和法国南部明亮阳光下的棕榈树，但戛纳更像是一个社交不断的城市。每年2月有金合欢节(注：当地盛产的经济类花卉，代表信赖)，5月有国际电影节，另外还有国际赛船节、国际音乐唱片节、含羞草节等。一年中，无论你什么时候来戛纳，总会在这里遇到大型活动。当然，在诸多活动中，令戛纳蜚声全球的还是每年5月为期两周的国际电影节。

一来到戛纳，你就会明白为什么电影节不选择时尚之都巴黎，却选择了仅有7万人口的小镇戛纳。它精巧、典雅、迷人，拥有世界上最洁白美丽的沙滩和终年的阳光，白色的楼房、蓝色的大海、一排排高大翠绿的棕榈树构成一派绚丽的地中海风光，难怪最佳影片的大奖命名为“金棕榈奖”。

第五篇：戛纳电影节

戛纳电影节艺术总监蒂埃里·弗雷莫（Thierry Fremaux）在巴黎举行了记者招待会透露，本届影展官方共收到1715部参展影片，其中，33个国家的49部影片竞逐入围19个竞赛单元的名单。最终，美国导演泰伦斯·马力克执导《生命之树》和西班牙导演佩德罗·阿莫多瓦执导《吾栖之肤》等影片，均无悬念入围。

日本有两部电影入围了主竞赛单元，分别是《朱花之月》和《一命》，其中，《一命》也成为戛纳、柏林和威尼斯三大电影节，史上首部入围主竞赛单元的3D电影。

华语片继续无缘主竞赛单元，本届电影节，仅有陈可辛执导的《武侠》代表中国电影参加午夜展映。

韩国有三部电影入围一种关注单元，其中包括此前入围主竞赛单元呼声颇高的罗宏镇执导的《黄海》（The Yellow Sea）。

第64届戛纳电影节将于5月11日至22日举行，伍迪·艾伦的新作《午夜巴黎》将作为开幕片拉开本届影展的帷幕。

开幕影片：《午夜巴黎》（Midnight In Paris）、国家地区：美国/法国、导演：伍迪·艾伦（Woody Allen）

竞赛单元参展影片（19部）：

《吾栖之肤》（The Skin I Live In）、国家地区：西班牙、导演： 佩德罗·阿莫多瓦（Pedro Almodovar）

《妓院里的回忆》（L'apollonide（Souvenirs de la maison close））、国家地区：法国、导演：贝特朗·波尼洛（Bertrand Bonello）

《PATER》、国家地区：法国、导演：阿兰·卡瓦利埃（Alain Cavalier）

《脚注》（Hearat Shulayim）、国家地区：以色列、导演：约瑟夫·斯达（Joseph Cedar）

《安纳托利亚往事》（Bir Zamanlar Anadolu'da）、国家地区：土耳其、导演：努里·比格·锡兰（Nuri Bilge Ceylan）

《单车少年》（Set Me Free）、国家地区：法国/比利时、导演：让·皮埃尔·达内（Jean-Pierre Dardenne）、吕克·达内（Luc Dardenne）

《勒阿弗尔》（Le Havre）、国家地区：芬兰/法国/德国、导演：阿基·考里斯马基（Aki Kaurismaki）

《朱花之月》（Hanezu No Tsuki）、国家地区：日本、导演：河濑直美（Naomi Kawase）

《睡美人》（Sleeping Beauty）、国家地区：澳大利亚、导演：朱莉娅·利（Julia Leigh）

《Polisse》、国家地区：法国、导演：麦温·勒·贝斯柯（Ma?wenn Le Besco）

《生命之树》（The Tree of Life）、国家地区：美国、导演：泰伦斯·马力克（Terrence Malick）

《女人之源》（La Source Des Femmes）、国家地区：比利时/意大利/法国、导演：哈杜·米赫罗（Radu Mihaileanu）

3D《一命》（Ichimei）、国家地区：日本、导演：三池崇史（Takashi Miike）

《教皇诞生》（Habemus Papam）、国家地区：意大利/法国、导演：南尼·莫莱蒂（Nanni Moretti）

《凯文怎么了》（We Need To Talk About Kevin）、国家地区：英国、导演：琳恩·拉姆塞（Lynne Ramsay）

《迈克尔》（Michael）、国家地区：德国、导演：马库斯·施莱因策（Markus Schleinzer）

《为父寻仇》（This Must Be The Place）、国家地区：意大利、导演：保罗·索伦蒂诺（Paolo Sorrentino）

《忧郁症》（Melancholia）、国家地区：丹麦/法国/瑞典/德国/意大利、导演：拉斯·冯·提尔（Lars Von Trier）

《亡命驾驶》（Drive）、国家地区：美国、导演：尼古拉斯·温丁·雷弗恩（Nicolas Winding Refn）

一种关注单元：

《无法安宁》（Restless）、导演：格斯·范·桑特（Gus Van Sant）

《猎人》（The Hunter）、导演：巴库·巴库拉德泽（Bakur Bakuradze）

《停站间》（Halt Auf Freier Strecke）、导演：安德鲁斯·德里森（Andreas Dressen）

《撒旦之外》（Hors Satan）、导演：布鲁诺·杜蒙（Bruno Dumont）

《双面玛莎》（Martha Marcy May Marlene）、导演：肖恩·德金（Sean Durkin）

《乞力马扎罗的雪》（Les Neiges Du Kilimandjaro）、导演：罗伯特·格迪基扬（Robert Guédiguian）

《北村方向》（The Day He Arrives）、导演：洪尚秀（Hong Sangsoo）

《盆景》（Bonsai）、导演：克里斯蒂安·希门尼斯（Cristian Jimenez）

《海啸》（Tatsumi）、导演（新加坡）：邱金海（Eric Khoo）

《Ariang》、导演：金基德（Kim Ki-duk）

《Skoonheid》、导演：奥利弗·赫曼努斯（Oliver Hermanus）

《我们现在去哪儿？》（At Maintenant On Va Ou?）、导演：纳迪·拉巴基（Nadine Labaki）

《美男子》（Loverboy）、导演：卡塔林·米苏雷斯库（Catalin Mitulescu）

《黄海》（Yellow Sea）、导演：罗宏镇（Na Hong-jin）

《苦差事》（Trabalhar Cansa）、导演：朱利安·罗哈斯（Julian Rojas）/马可·杜特拉（Marco Dutra）

《Toomelah》、导演：伊凡·森（Ivan Sen）

《八月未央》（Oslo, August 31st）、导演：约阿希姆·提尔（Joachim Trier）

《糖果小姐》（Miss Bala）、导演：杰拉多·纳让约（Gerardo Naranjo）

非竞赛单元：

《征服》（La Conquete）、国家地区：法国、导演：格扎维埃·杜兰热（Xavier Durringer）

《海狸》（The Beaver）、国家地区：美国、导演：朱迪·福斯特（Jodie Foster）

《艺术家》（The Artist）、国家地区：法国、导演：迈克尔·哈扎纳维希乌斯（Michel Hazanavicius）

《加勒比海盗4》（Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides）、国家地区：美国、导演：罗伯·马歇尔（Rob Marshall）

午夜展映：

《武侠》、国家地区：中国、导演：陈可辛

《Dias de Gracia（Days of Grace）》、国家地区：墨西哥、导演：伊拉多·固特（Everardo Gout）

特别展映：

《Labador》、国家地区：丹麦、导演：Frederikke Aspock

《Le Maitre des Forges de L'enfer》、国家地区：柬埔寨、导演：潘礼德（Rithy Panh）

《Michel Petrucciani》、国家地区：法国/德国/意大利、导演：迈克尔·莱德福（Michael Radford）

《Tous Au Larzac》、国家地区：法国、导演：克里斯蒂安·罗奥德（Christian Rouaud）

（比尼）