第一篇：2018阅读理解,主旨大意(教师版)
2018届高三英语 阅读理解
（主旨大意题）
阅读理解主要有以下几种题型：主旨大意题、事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题 主旨大意题包括：文章主旨、段落大意、文章标题 【文章主旨和段落大意题常见的设题方式】
题干中常含有main idea, mainly about, sum up, summarise等词。此类题的设题形式有： 1.The main idea of the passage is that ________.2.What is the passage mainly about? 3.Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage? 4.Which of the following can summarise the main idea of the passage? 5.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 6.The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.7.The first paragraph is mainly about ________.8.What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1? 9.What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph? 【概括文章标题常见的设题方式】
题干中常有title, headline, be entitled等字眼。此类题的设题方式有： 1.The best title for the passage might be ________.2.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 3.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? 【主旨大意题解题策略】
阅读时，文章的开头、结尾（或段落的段首、段尾）特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。有时候，文章（或段落）中没有明确的主题句，则需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章（或段落）的主旨大意。同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。【主旨大意题应考技巧】
技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题
技巧2：定位中心句
技巧3：无明显主题句时找高频词
技巧4：同义概括，或取其一 【技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题】
大多数文章的主旨可能出现在开头或结尾，于是头尾显得很重要。因此，做主旨大意题时，我们可以先浏览一下头尾，试图抓住大意。Passage 1 阅读理解（主旨大意题）Bad news sells.If it bleeds, it leads.No news is good news, and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people‟s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The „if it bleeds‟ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don‟t care how you‟re feeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You don‟t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication-e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations-found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn‟t necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times‟ website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times‟ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。俗话说，好事不出门，坏事传千里。但是研究者们通过跟踪和监控人们的电子邮件、网络帖子及评论、面对面会话等发现，人与人之间更多分享的是那些给人们带来积极情绪的好消息，而不是导致消极情绪的坏消息。What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B.Online News Attracts More People C.Reading Habits Change with the Times
D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。通过第一段最后一句引出话题，以及最后一段的概括总结可知，在社交网络中，人们更愿意分享的是传递积极情绪的好消息。故选D项。【技巧2：定位中心句】
阅读理解（主旨大意题）主题句的位置往往由文章体裁所决定。议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分—总”的模式，第一段提出论点，然后是论据部分，最后一段得出结论（论点的重申），所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。而新闻报道却是报道一个人物事迹或重大事件等，主题句常出现在首段首句。记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子很可能是主题句。
以下是寻找主题句的四个小窍门：
1.段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however, but, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句。2.开头出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词。Passage 2
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night‟s sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。睡前喝一杯牛奶有助于睡眠，但最新的研究表明，如果喝的是晚上从牛身上挤的牛奶，那这将更利于你的睡眠。因为晚上挤的牛奶相比白天挤的牛奶，含有10倍的褪黑激素，从而更有利于睡眠。
阅读理解（主旨大意题）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Night Milk and Sleep
B.Fat, Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章将喝晚上挤的牛奶与喝白天挤的牛奶进行了对比实验，结果表明，喝晚上挤的牛奶更能促进睡眠，故A项最符合题意。【技巧3：无明显主题句时找高频词】
任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。Passage 3
Sometimes you‟ll hear people say that you can‟t love others until you love yourself.Sometimes you‟ll hear people say that you can‟t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself.Either way, you‟ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky.Sure we all know that we‟re the apple of our parents‟ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we‟re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it‟s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves.If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.Self-image is your own mind‟s picture of yourself.This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think.Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us.Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be.Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes.That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day.Don‟t allow doubts to occur in it.It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can‟t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself.Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task.If you think you‟re silly because you aren‟t good at math, find a tutor.If you think you‟re weak because you can‟t run a mile, get to the track and practice.If you think you‟re dull because you don‟t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes.But remember, just because you think it doesn‟t mean it‟s true.The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.Changing the way you think 阅读理解（主旨大意题）
D.Milk Drinking and Health and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image.When you can pat(拍)yourself on the back, you‟ll know you‟re well on your way.Good luck!What is the passage mainly about? _______ A.How to prepare for your success.B.How to face challenges in your life.C.How to build a positive selfimage.D.How to develop your good qualities.【答案】C
【技巧4：同义概括，或取其一】
同（近）义转换表达是所有阅读考试的特点。例如，试题中是handle，原文中可能是cope with；试题中是woman，原文可能是female。充分把握这一规律，是答对阅读理解题的关键之一。所以考生应多积累同义词汇、表达。
因此，跟主题句意思相同的选项，往往就是正确答案。Passage 4 Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears....（下文略）What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.B.Children have a better memory than grownups.C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D.Stories for children are easy to remember.【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的中心句“Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知，文章讲的是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好地记着儿时学过的东西。A项是此句的同义概括，所以A项正确。
【主旨大意题正确选项的特征】 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
阅读理解（主旨大意题）【主旨大意题干扰选项的特征】
1.过于笼统。所表达的内容概括的范围过大，超出或多于文章阐述的内容。
2.以偏概全。所表达的内容只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别字词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3.偷换概念。所表达的内容被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。
4.无中生有。无关信息，生搬硬套，文章中未提到，或找不到依据的信息。虽然在文章中谈到，但选项内容与文章内容毫无联系。
【Practice】
Passage 5
My husband and I had been married nearly twenty-two years when I acquired Stevens Johnson syndrome,a disorder where my immune(免疫的)system responded to a virus by producing painful blisters(水泡).Although my long-term evaluation was good, I, who had been so fiercely independent, rapidly became absolutely helpless.My husband, Scott, stepped up to the plate, taking care of kids and cooking dinners.He also became my personal caretaker, applying the medicine to all of my blisters because my hands couldn‟t do the job.Needless to say, I had negative emotions, bouncing from embarrassment to shame caused by total reliance on someone other than myself.I recovered from my illness, but I couldn‟t seem to recover from the thought that I loved my husband less than he loved me.This seeming distinction in our love continued to annoy me for the year following my illness.Then recently Scott and I went on a long bike ride.He‟s an experienced cyclist;I‟m quite the green hand.At one point with a strong headwind and sharp pain building in my tired legs, I really thought I couldn‟t go any further.Seeing me struggle, Scott pulled in front of me and yelled over his shoulder, “Stay close behind me.” As I followed his steps, I discovered that my legs quit burning and I was able to catch my breath.My husband was pulling me along—again.I pray my husband will always be strong and healthy.But if he should ever become the struggling one, whether on a bike ride or with an illness, I trust I‟ll be ready to call out to him, “Stay close behind me — my turn to pull you along.”
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。作者生病后，她的丈夫一直照顾她，鼓励支持她，给她帮助和力量；作者最后发出感慨，倘若有一天角色互换，她也会同样给予丈夫支持和力量。What message does the author convey in the passage? A.Strong will.B.Selfless love.C.Reliance(依靠)on each other.D.Optimistic attitude to life.阅读理解（主旨大意题）【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据整篇文章和倒数第二段最后一句以及最后一段点题段的描述，在作者得病后，她的丈夫一直照顾她，鼓励和支持她，给她帮助和力量；作者最后也发出感慨，倘若有一天角色互换，她也会同样给她的丈夫支持和力量。故选C项 “Reliance on each other(对彼此的依赖)”。Passage 6
Alex London Research Laboratory(ALRL)is part of Alex Co., Ltd., a major Australian medicine-making company.Opened in 1992, ALRL specialises in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases.A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager(ROM)to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield, due to open in the autumn of 2010.Reporting to the Director, you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction.You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL‟s Health and Safety, and to communicate(沟通)with support employees at ALRL‟s laboratories based at University College London.Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees, you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories.Candidates(申请人)will have experience of both management and research support / technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary.Education to degree level is also desirable.If you are interested in this position, please send your CV(简历)to Alex London Research Laboratory, University College London, Hatfield, London, W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@ alex.co.uk.For more information, please visit www.xiexiebang.communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture‟s celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat — and when and how we eat them — are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural(农村的)and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion(时刻)or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity(兴旺)in the New Year.In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake, which signifies(预示)success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role.In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests.In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。俗话说“民以食为天”，在世界各民族文化中，食物是文化传承的重要载体。每逢重大场合或重要节日，人们总会借助食物表达情感，加强交流。What is the passage mainly about? A.The custom of sharing food.B.The specific meaning of food.C.The role of food in ceremonies.D.The importance of food in culture.【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段的中心句是“Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture‟s celebrations or traditions.”；第三段的中心句是“Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.”；第四段的中心句是“Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child,and food can play a significant role.”。综上所述，A、B、C项文中都有所涉及，但都具有片面性；D项概括性强。
阅读理解（主旨大意题）
第二篇：初中英语阅读理解主旨大意题
(1)“You're just in time, Joe.We're going to play cowboys（牛仔）and Indians, and you can be the Indians.” One of my cousins（堂兄弟）said.“How many Indians?” I asked.“Oh, about a thousand.” He answered, and before I could say no，I was pushed out into the night and became a thousand Indians.Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group of cowboys behind.The shouts of “After them.Let's catch the killers!” and other such TV play language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpa's car． “We've got him, boys.Let's go and catch him!”
But no one wanted to come to get me.All of my cousins except one were always very friendly with.It was quiet outside.And I went out of the car to have a look.Just then I heard a shout , “Bring the rope（绳子）, and we can burn him.”
“Only Indians burn people.Cowboys.” I stopped just in time.I had almost said, “Cowboys hang（绞死）people.”
I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called, “We're leaving now.”
“Untie me.” I shouted.”We're going.“Why did Bobby want matches（火柴）?” Mum asked when we were in the car.“He was asking Dad whether he had any.”
“oh, he was just going t matches? MATCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches” Mother was quite sure, and I didn't say any more.1．How many children played the Indians? [ ]
A．One thousand
B．One hundred
C．One group
D．One 2．Why did Joe's cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because______.[ ]
A．there were not enough children four the game
B．the game was just going to start
C．none of his cousins wanted to be the Indians
D．they were waiting for Joe 3．Joe didn't say “Cowbays hang people.” Because______.[ ]
A．he was tied to a tree
B．that would make things worse
C．he was caught by the cowboys
D．that would make the cowboys angry 4．Which of the following is TRUE? [ ]
A．One of Joe's cousins was looking for matches.B．Dad didn't want to give the children any matches.C．Bobby wanted to get some matches from his father.D．Mum didn't think children should play with matches.5．The name of the story should he“______.” [ ]
A．Joe and his cousins
B．Who knows what danger is waiting there
C．Cowboys and Indians is a favourite children's game
D．How cowboys and Indians fought in the past DCBAB(2)In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience(经历)four seasons in one day.In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring.An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard.The weather gets a little cold.In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer.So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella(伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret(后悔)later in the day.1.Why do people in England often talk about the weather? A.Because they may have four seasons in one day B.Because they often have very good weather C.Because the weather is warm just like in spring D.Because the sky is sunny all day 2.From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.A.sunshine and snow
B.black clouds C.summer and winter
D.spring and autumn 3.“People can also have summer in winter.” Means “it is sometimes too ______in winter.” A.warm
B.cool
C.cold
D.rainy 4.In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ________.A.their friends ask them to do so
B.it often rains in England C.they are going to sell them
D.they are their favourite things 5.The best title(标题)for this passage is ________.A.Bad Seasons
B.Summer or Winter C.The Weather in England
D.Strange English People KEY: ABABC(3)To find out whether bees（蜜蜂）can see colours, the following experiment is made.A round table is put in a garden, and on the table is a piece of blue cardboard（硬纸版）with a drop of syrup（糖浆）on it.After a short time, bees come to the syrup.The bees then fly to their hive（蜂房）and give the syrup to other bees in the hive.Then they return to the feeding-place which they have found.After a while, the blue cardboard with the syrup on it is taken away.Instead of this card, a blue card is now put on the left side of the first feeding-place and a red card to its right.These new cards have no syrup on them.Very soon bees arrive again, and fly straight to the blue card.None go to the red card.Picture 1 1.How many cards do you need to prepare for the experiment? A.Two: one blue and one red
B.Three: two blue and one red C.Three: one blue and two red
D.Four: two blue and two red 2.If Picture 1 below shows the table top during Step 1 of the experiment, which of A, B, C, D in Picture 2 shows the table top during Step 2? Picture 2 3.During Step 2 of the experiment, the bees go to ________.A.the blue card with syrup on it
B.the new blue card with no syrup on it C.the empty space where the original（原先的）blue card was D.the new blue card with syrup on it on the left of the red card 4.The experiment has proved（证明）that bees ________.A.cannot see colors
B.can see colors C.can not see blue
D.cannot see red 5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A.Bees Love Blue
B.Bees Love Syrup C.Bees, Color and Syrup
D.Can Bees See Color? Keys: 1－5 BCBBD(4)Now satellites are helping to forecast（预报）the weather.They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world.The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（大气）, because this is where the weather forms（形成）.They send these pictures to the weather stations.So meteorologists（气象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world.From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures.When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare（比较）them with earlier ones.Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours.This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too.In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists.Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours.Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days.Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.1.Satellites travel _____________.A.in space
B.in the atmosphere C.above the ground
D.above space 2.Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because __________.A.the weather satellites can do it easily
B.clouds form there C.the weather forms there
D.the pictures can forecast the weather 3.Meteorologists forecast the weather __________.A.when they have received satellite pictures B.after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier ones C.before they received satellite pictures D.during they study satellite pictures 4.Maybe we’ll soon be able to forecast the weather for ________.A.one day
B.two days
C.five days
D.seven days or even longer 5.The main（主要的）idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _________.A.taking pictures of the atmosphere
B.receiving pictures of the atmosphere C.doing other work in many ways
D.weather forecasting Keys: 1-5 ACBDD(5)Snow fell on the mountain.It snowed and snowed.The snow did not melt（融化）.It became deep and heavy.The snow on the bottom pressed（挤压）together., it became ice.The ice was very wide and thick.It began to move down the mountain.It was like a river of ice.It was a glacier（冰河）.Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches（英寸）each day.As it moved, it took rocks and dirt with it.It changed the land.In some places, it left hills.In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes.A million years ago, there were many big glaciers.Glaciers covered many parts of the world.The glaciers changed the land.Glaciers are still at work today.A glacier in the north of Canada is cutting a new path（路）down the side of a mountain.This glacier will change the land, too.1.The snow that fell on the mountain A.became snowman
B.melted C.became ice D.turned to rain 2.The word in the story that means a river of ice is __________.3.The story says, “The snow did not melt.It became deep and heavy”.The word it means ____.4.Which of the following does this story lead you to believe? A.There are not as many glaciers as there used to be B.Glaciers do not change the land as they move over it.C.Glaciers are found only in warm places.5.How fast did the glacier move?(Which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)A.Sometimes the glacier moved only once a year.B.Sometimes the glacier moved over ten miles each day.C.Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches each day.6.The main idea of the whole story is that _______.A.snow is heavy B.the high land never changes
C.glaciers changed the land Key: 1.C 2.glacier 3.snow 3.A 4.C 5.C(6)A Leg Walking Right Here are some signs +-x…, the signs are very different.They mean very different things.When you see them, you know what to do.This sign + means that you will add some numerals.This sign—means that you will take one numeral away from another.You will subtract（减去）.What will you do when you see x and… ?
Our signs are easy to read.They are easy signs to remember.Look at these two signs….The ancient Egyptians used these signs.A picture of a leg walking to the left told them to add some numerals.A picture of a leg walking to the right told them to subtract.In the 1500s people used this printed（印刷的）sign & to add numerals.After a while the sign began to look like this….Later, the sign became +.How much is 2…2?
1.What do you do when you see this sign +? A.Walk away
B.Write a numeral
C.Read a sign
D.Add 2.The word in the story that means to take one numeral away from another is _____.3.The story says, “Our signs are easy to read.They are easy signs to remember”.The word they means ______.4.Which of the following does this story lead to believe? A.Egyptians could not add numerals together
B.All Egyptians had two left legs.C.Our signs are not hard to understand 5.What did the sign to add numerals begin to look like(which sentence is exactly like the one in your book)? A.After a while, the sign began to look like this….B.After a while, the sign began to look like this +.C.After a while, the sign began to look like this &.6.The main idea of the whole story is that ______.A.the signs for adding and subtracting have changed.B.People could not write in the 1500s
C.the old signs were good for Egyptians but not for us Key: 1.D 2.substract 3.signs 4.C 5.A 6.A(7)Mexico's neighbours are the United States to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the south.Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States.Mexico has more than ninety million people.The language of Mexico is Spanish.This makes Mexico the world's largest Spanish-speaking country.Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico.The city is also very high.It is 7349 feet high(2240 metres).This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world.The population, of Mexico City grows bigger every day.About thirty million people live there.It has more people than any other city in the world, even more than Tokyo.Mexico also has its specialities.Many of the foods we eat started in Mexico.Foods like beans, maize, avocados, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate come from Mexico.Mexico is also famous for its cactus(仙人掌)plants.Mexico has more kinds of cactus than any other country.(Words: 161 Minutes: 3)1.Mexico is ____the USA.A.on the south of B.on the north of
C.a part of D.as large as 2.Mexicans speak______.A.English C.French
B.Spanish D.Latin(拉丁语)3.Which of the following is NOT true? A.Mexico City is the capital of Mexico.B.The population of Mexico City is 30,000,000.C.Tokyo is one of the cities with the largest population.D.Mexico City is the highest city in the world.4.Tomatoes were originally(最初)grown in ______.A.America
B.Spain C.Tokyo
D.Mexico 5.The best title(题目)of the passage is ___.A.Mexico City B.Mexico's plants
C.Mexico D.Mexico's population [Key] 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.C(8)Australia has a lot of lovely animals.You cannot find them anywhere else in the world.The most famous ones are kangaroos and koalas.The kangaroo is the symbol of Australia.They have large eyes and eats.They don't walk, they jump.They use their strong back legs.They can jump at 74 kilometres per hour.They can go over nine metres in one jump.Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.The babies stay inside to get milk and keep warm.Kangaroos are everywhere in Australia.They are on TV, in books and in the shops.But do you know that millions of kangaroos are killed every year?There are too many of them.There are about 20 to 25 million kangaroos in Australia.That's more than the number of people in the counery.Some kangaroos go humgry because there is not enough food to eat.They break into farms for food Farmers are very angry with them.The koala is another famous Australian animal.They look like bears , and have small eyes and big noses.They eat leaves from gum trees.Koalas have a.They use it to mark their home----“This is my place,you can't come in!” like kangaroos,a koala baby lives in its mother's pouch,too.（）1.If we want to see kangaroos and koalas in natural forests.we can go to________.A.China B.France C.Australia（）2.What does a kangaroo look like? A.It looks like a bear.B.It has big eyes and ers.C.It has small eyes and big noses.（）3.The work “pouch” means__________.A.育儿袋 B。肌肉 C。尾巴（）4.Which is NOT TRUE?____________ A.The kangaroos can go over nine metres in one jump.B.Koalas like eating leaves from gum trees.C.Koalas use their voices to mark their homes（）5.What's the best title of this passage?________.A.Kangaroos and koalas.B.Beautiful Australia C.How to protect kangaroos and koalas.
第三篇：主旨大意题的解题方法(赵进)
2014-03-15高二英语培优 讲案 英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧
高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：
1.The main topic/subject of the passage is _____.2.What is mainly discussed in the text/X paragraph？
3.What is the main idea of the passage？
4.The purpose of this passage is _____.5.The passage mainly focused on _____.6.What would be the best title/topic/headline of the text？从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。
●怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意 ——主题句定位法
文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。
但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：
1.正三解形写作法（开门见山式）
即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。例题：(高考—重庆卷E篇)（备注：所有高考题均保留原题号。）
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad;that it sets one person against another;that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.…
71.What does this passage mainly talk about?
A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D.Failures are necessary experience in competition.2.倒三角形写作法（藏头露尾式）
即主题句出现在文尾。在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
例题1：(全国卷 A篇)
The famous American gorilla(大猩猩)expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas — she pretended to be one of them.She copied their actions and way of life — eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does.It was a new relationship.Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist.It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster(a1
frightening animal), and helped to show a new idea: the real monster is man, while the gorilla is to be admired.Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400—450 mountain
gorillas in the wild.From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes.Some time ago, I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for
Nature.It had two photos side by side.One was of a young gorilla.“This is a species of
mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the words below it.“It is being destroyed by man.We must save it for our own good.” The other photo showed a human baby.The words also read, “This is a species of mammal,” but then went on: “It is the most destructive(破坏性的)on earth.We must retrain it for its own good.”
56.The text mainly talks about _____.A.Diane FosseyB.the gorillas in Rwanda
C.the protection of the gorillasD.the film Gorillas in the Mist
例题2：On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can.We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet.What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages.We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games.With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes.The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.1.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.Keep away from the Internet.B.Surf the net.C.The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.D.We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.3.圆形写作法（首尾呼应式）
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为
多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
例题：Lacrosse(曲棍球)is a popular sport in Canada.The Indians in Canada invented it.They used it to train for war.They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.People play lacrosse outdoors.The lacrosse field is seven meters long.At each end of the field there is a goal.The goal is a net.There are ten players on each team.Each player has a stick called “ cross”.The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible.Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks.Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse.There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada.Every night Canadians
can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada.Today it is still popular with Canadians.1.The passage is mainly about.A.How to Play LacrosseB.Lacrosse in Canada
C.The History of LacrosseD.Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
4.菱形写作法（抛砖引玉式）
即主题句出现在文章的中间。通常文章开头只提出一个问题或者是貌似正确的观点，文
中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
例题：(全国高考—江苏卷C篇)
The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December.It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals.During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.…
67.This passage mainly tells readers_______.A.what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival
B.how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival
C.what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival
D.how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival
5.正方形写作法（藏龙卧虎式）
即中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据
文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
例题1：(全国高考—安徽卷C篇)
Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China.Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的)hands to each other as a sign of goodwill.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“Let’s shake(hands)on it” sometimes means agreement reached.Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No.Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite.It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her.Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly.There is generally a misunderstanding(误解)among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved(保守的)in manner.But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today.So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.65.The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A.where handshaking was first practiced
B.how handshaking came about
C.about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D.about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
67.The main purpose of the text is ______.A.to tell us some differences between the East and the West
B.to offer us some important facts about handshaking
C.to introduce us to some different customs in the West
D.to give us some advice before we travel abroad
例题2：(全国高考— 山东卷A篇）
Last August, Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17-year-old daughter, Maureen.With a checklist of criteria in hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools.They sought a university that offered the teenager’s intended major, one located neat a large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe.“The safety issue is a big one,” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasn’t alone in his worries.On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: what about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer —“That’s not a problem here,” —Mahoney began to feel uneasy.“No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today.“ I just don’t buy it.” Nor should he: in
1999 the U.S.Department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses.“Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to college,” says David Nichols, author of Creating a Safe Campus.“Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation.”
But getting accurate information isn’t easy.Colleges must report crime statistics(统计数
字)by law, but some hold back for fear of bad publicity, leaving the honest ones looking dangerous.“The truth may not always be serious,” warms S.Daniel Carter of Security on Campus, Inc., the nation’s leading campus safety watchdog group.To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the
country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions.60.What is the text mainly about?
A.Exact campus crime statisticsB.Crimes on or around campuses
C.Effective solutions to campus crimeD.Concerns about kids’ campus safety
●怎样选择或拟定文章的标题（选帽原则）标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子，它高度概括了文章内容，点明文章
主题，它是文章中心思想最精练的表达形式。那如何选择文章的标题呢？
首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文
章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中
心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及
色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文
章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标
题是以话题为核心。
例题1：(全国高考—江西卷A篇)
He wishes the holiday season would end already.His back aches, his red suit feels like a
spacesuit, his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours …
The questions from children these days are harder than ever.Now, with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan, the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable.For example, “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning?”
Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued(指控)…
59．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Christmas: Not a Good Festival for Santas
B．Is Santa Claus Really Alive?C．A Christmas Story
D．What Does Santa Claus Do for Children?
例题2：（全国卷IA篇）
Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to
my house.No card came with it Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all.After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender’s name and just delighted in the beautiful white flower in soft pink paper.But I never stopped imagining who the giver might be.Some of my happiest moments were
spent daydreaming about the sender.My mother encouraged these imaginings.She’d ask me if there was someone for whom I had done special kindness.Perhaps it was the old man across the street whose mail I’d delivered during the winter.As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy I had run into.One month before my graduation, my father died.I felt so sad that I became completely
uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not.But my mother, in her own sadness, would not let me miss any of those things.She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable.In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia lovely, strong and perfect with perhaps a bit of mystery(神秘)
My mother died ten days after I was married.I was 22.That was the year the gardenia
stopped coming.41.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.A childhood Dream.B.A Mother’s Love.C.A Graduation Party.D.A Special Birthday.2014-03-14英语培优练习题 阅读理解主旨大意题
1)If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly
draw your attention: “Color TV.Only ＄79.Two days sale.Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395.This sales method is called “bait and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.※ The paragraph could be entitled _________.A.Buying a TV SetB.A Selling MethodC.Buyer BewareD.TV On Sale
2)Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.※ The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A.Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later fromBoston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.3)Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images(useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel(擅长)at recalling information from their brain's files(helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects)....※ The author aims to tell us that __________.A.women’s minds perform better than men’s
B.men’s minds decline more with age
C.everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older
D.a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently.4)It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries.While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services.Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.The crux of Mr.Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS(National Health Service)a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases...※ The author of this passage intends to tell us______.A.the NHS should be reformed right away.B.more and more people are dying from diseases.C.the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.D.the criticism of Mr.Brown's proposals.5)In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work.Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”.However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss
Cross”.He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.※ The text is mainly about________.A.LexicoB.Three menC.A word gameD.Alfred Butts.6)Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it Takes practice.A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other.A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking.Tennis players call that“ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity’(自动性).※ The first paragraph tells us _______.A.what automaticity isB.how accuracy is acquired(获得)
C.how a child learns to walkD.how an athlete is trained.7)Boston----Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas , Manet and Verme rr, FBI(美国联邦调查局)and the museum officials said.The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan.………
William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercity’s Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”
※What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?
A.Theft Took Place in BostonB.Artworks stolen by Thieves
C.Major WorksD.Investigation into the Theft
8)As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself”(DIY)trend in the U.S.continues to grow.……
John and Jim are not unusual people.Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living.If you want to become a “do-it-yourself’, you can go to DIY classes.And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.※ What would be the best title for the text?
A.The Joy of DIYB.You can Do it Too!
C.Welcome to Our DIY Course!D.Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY
9)You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams.While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster.Even your brain-wave pattern changes.Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health.They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.※What does the passage mainly tell us?
A.How people stay healthyB.How sleep is necessary
C.Why dreams are importantD.When people remember their dreams
10)In America we have Halloween.In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”.This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died.They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat.But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around.They also have many candy skulls to eat.※What does the story mainly tell ?
A.What holidays are likeB.What Halloween is like in Mexico
C.What happens during Todos SantosD.What we do on Halloween
第四篇：2018高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题靶向训练
专题一 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意题
[真题演练]
A(2016·全国卷Ⅲ，阅读理解D)(导学号 58210008)Bad news sells.If it bleeds，it leads.No news is good news，and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people's e－mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media，”says Jonah Berger，a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word－of－mouth communication—e－mails，Web posts and reviews，face－to－face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的)，but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility，Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories：thousands of articles on The New York Times' website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e－mailed”list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles.He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr.Berger explains in his new book，“Contagious：Why Things Catch On.”
【语篇解读】 人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。
32．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A．News reports.B．Research papers.C．Private e－mails.D．Daily conversations.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media”可知，像“if it bleeds”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选A。
答案：A
33．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A．They're socially inactive.B．They're good at telling stories.C．They're inconsiderate of others.D．They're careful with their words.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“...You care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据本段“You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。
答案：C
34．Which tended to be the most e－mailed according to Dr.Berger's research? A．Sports news.B．Science articles.C．Personal accounts.D．Financial reviews.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“...articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。
答案：B
★35.What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B．Online News Attracts More People C．Reading Habits Change with the Times D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“By tracking people's e－mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters
and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。
答案：D
B(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care－givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。32．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger.B．It promotes friendship.C．It is culture－specific.D．It is content－based.解析：推理判断题。根据文章首段首句“The meaning of silence varise among cultural groups”和下文给出的例子可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。
答案：C
33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese.B．The French.C．The Mexicans.D．The Russians.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知许多美国本土人，一些传统的中国人以及泰国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。
答案：A
34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.B．Break it while treating patients.C．Evaluate its harm to patients.D．Make use of its healing effects.解析：细节理解题。根据末段末句“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients...”可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D。
答案：D
★35.What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B。
答案：B
C(2015·广东卷，阅读理解C)(导学号 58210009)
Daniel Anderson，a famous psychologist，believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV，he says，for problems it doesn't really cause，overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world.While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images(影像)．Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.Actually，children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore，as many teachers agree，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.Yet，most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.But according to Anderson，the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.TV doesn't take the place of reading for most children；it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation，such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading.“A child's reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads，”Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television－watching lowers IQ(智商)scores and affects school performance.But here，too，Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In fact，reasearch suggests that it's the other way around.“If you're smart young，you'll watch less TV when you're older，”Anderson says.Yet，people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.However，by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed，Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.【语篇解读】 本文为议论文，题材为社会生活类。传统观念认为，看电视会对孩子思维能力的培养产生负面的影响，还会让孩子远离阅读。而著名心理学家安德森对此提出了不同的看法。
36．By watching TV，children learn ________.A．images through words B．more than explicit meanings
C．more about images than words D．little about people's psychology 解析：事实细节题。根据第二段第三句“Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.”可知答案为B项。
答案：B
37．An educational program is best watched by a child ________.A．on his own
C．with his parents
B．with other kids D．with his teachers 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore，as many teachers agree，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.可以推断出答案为C项。
答案：C
38．Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability? A．Radio－listening.B．Television－watching.C．Parents' reading list.D．Parents' educational background.解析：事实细节题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading.”可知答案为D项。
答案：D
39．Anderson believes that ________.A．the more a child watches TV，the smarter he is B．the younger a child is，the more he watches TV C．the smarter a child is，the less likely he gets addicted to TV D．the less a child watches TV，the better he performs at school 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句安德森所说“If you're smart young，you'll watch less TV when you're older，”可以推断出答案为C项。
答案：C
★40.What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advise on the educational use of TV.B．To describe TV's harmful effects on children.C．To explain traditional views on TV influences.D．To present Anderson's unconventional ideas.解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章讲述的都是安德森关于看电视对孩子的影响所提出的非传
统的观点。故选D项。
答案：D
[模拟演练]
A(2017·湘潭一中等六校联考)After the earthquake had stopped, when the rescuers reached the ruins of a young woman's house, they saw her dead body through the cracks.But her pose was somehow strange that she knelt on her knees like a person was worshiping(做礼拜)；her body was leaning forward, and her two hands were supported by an object.The collapsed house had crashed her back and her head.With so many difficulties, the leader of the rescue team put his hand through a narrow gap on the wall to reach the woman's body.He was hoping that this woman could be still alive.However, the cold and stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure.He and the rest of the team left this house and were going to search the next collapsed building.For some reasons, the team leader was driven by compelling force to go back to the ruined house of the dead woman.Again, he knelt down and used his hand through the narrow cracks to search the little space under the dead body.Suddenly, he screamed with excitement，“A child!There is a child！”
The whole team worked together；carefully they removed the piles of ruined objects around the dead woman.There was a 3－month－old little boy wrapped in a flowery blanket under his mother's dead body.Obviously, the woman had made a sacrifice for saving her son.When her house was falling, she used her body to make a cover to protect her son.The little boy was still sleeping peacefully when the team leader picked him up.The medical doctor came quickly to exam the little boy.After he opened the blanket, he saw a cell phone.There was a text message on the screen.It said，“If you can survive, you must remember that I love you.”This cell phone was passing around from one hand to another.Everybody that read the message wept.“ If you can survive，you must remember that I love you.”Such is the mother's love for her child!【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了一个感人的真实故事。在地震中一位普通而又伟大的母亲在危难时刻为自己的孩子开辟了一条生命通道，她把死留了自己，把生留给了自己的孩子。
1．Why did the leader of the rescue team decide to leave the house?
A．He didn't notice the woman.B．He knew the woman was dead.C．He left to ask for help.D．The gap was too narrow for his hand to get through.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“However，the cold and stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure.”及第三段第一句“He and the rest of the team left this house and were going to search the next collapsed building.”可知答案为B项。
答案：B
2．The reason why the woman died in such a strange pose was that________． A．she tried to protect her baby with her own body B．the earthquake happened when she was worshiping C．her knees were severely injured D．her hands were supported by an object 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Obviously，the woman had made a sacrifice for saving her son.When her house was falling，she used her body to make a cover to protect her son.”可知答案为A项。
答案：A
★3.What can be the best title for the passage? A．A strange pose in the ruins B．A mother's love in the ruins C．A rescue team's struggle D．A heart－breaking scene 解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了地震中的一位母亲用自己的生命保护了自己的孩子，由此可见本文的最佳题目为：废墟里的母爱。故答案为B项。
答案：B
B(2017·济宁高三模拟)(导学号 58210010)Giving Mary Poppins's magic umbrella some serious competition is the all high－tech “Oombrella”—not only can it predict the weather，it's also impossible to lose.The smart umbrella syncs(同步进行)with a smartphone app，sending users updates about weather conditions 30 minutes in advance，and reminders if they happen to leave the device behind.And here's the added bonus—it won't ever flip inside－out.Designed by French company Wezzoo，the rainbow－colored umbrella comes in two
versions—classic and modern.The classic is 3.1ft long with a curved handle，while the modern version is 0.8ft long with a straight handle.The company describes the device as a‘portable weather station’，made of a reflective surface with built in sensors that record real－time data such as light，humidity，pressure，and temperature.The umbrella collects and processes this data as well as information from a social media community before sending out alerts about when it's going to start raining.And if the user happens to accidentally forget it at home on a potentially rainy day，or leaves it in a restaurant，similar alerts will be sent out using GPS technology to make sure you don't lose it.“We wanted to make this umbrella unforgettable in terms of design，too，”explains Alexandre，of Escabo design studio.“We developed an exclusive material.It makes you feel you are holding an aurora borealis(北极光)in your hands.It has effects that are amazing with the light and always changing.It really makes the umbrella special.”The‘capsule' that integrates all the technology，making the umbrella smart，is located in the handle.The umbrella is all set to hit global online and physical stores this fall.According to a company spokesperson，it will retail at79($86)，but the early bird price on Kickstarter is59($64)．For those who are rather attached to their current umbrellas，the company will also release an‘Oombrella capsule' that can transform any umbrella into a smart device.Now，if only it could make us fly like Mary Poppins!【语篇解读】 文章介绍一种新型的智能雨伞，它既可以提醒用户要下雨了，还能防止丢失。
★4.What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Oombrella? A．Its special design.C．Its functions.B．Its working principle.D．Its structure.解析：段落大意题。根据文章第一段的句子“not only can it predict the weather，it's also impossible to lose....And here's the added bonus—it won't ever flip inside－out.”可知，第一段主要介绍Oombrella的功能。故选C。
答案：C 5．Which of the following best shows how Oombrella works? A．collect—process—record—predict B．process—record—collect—predict
C．record—collect—process—predict D．record—process—collect—predict 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“made of a reflective surface with built in sensors that record real－time data such as light，humidity，pressure，and temperature.The umbrella collects and processes this data as well as information from a social media community before sending out alerts about when it's going to start raining.”可知，Oombrella先记录信息，再收集、处理，最后预测天气。故选C。
答案：C
6．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Oombrella is already on sale.B．Early buyers of Oombrella will save money.C．It's impossible to turn an ordinary umbrella into a smart one.D．Oombrella is a magic device that can make us fly.解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子“According to a company spokesperson，it will retail at79($86)，but the early bird price on Kickstarter is59($64)．”可知，Oombrella的早期购买者可以省些钱。故选B。
答案：B
★7.What's the purpose of the author writing the passage? A．To introduce readers a new type of umbrella.B．To show readers how to predict the weather.C．To remind readers to take an umbrella at any time.D．To persuade readers to buy the high－tech umbrella.解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的句子“Giving Many Poppins's magic umbrella some serious competition is the all high－tech ‘Oombrella’”可知，文章是介绍一种新型的伞。故选A。
答案：A
C(2017·南昌十校联考)In 1800，only three percent of the world's population lived in cities.Only one city—Beijing—had a population of over a million.Most people lived in rural areas，and never saw a city in their lives.In 1900，just a hundred years later，roughly 150 million people lived in cities，and the world's ten largest cities all had populations exceeding one million.By 2000，the number of city dwellers exceeded three billion;and in 2008，the world's population crossed a tipping point—more than half
of the people on Earth lived in cities.By 2050，that could increase to over two－thirds.Clearly，humans have become an urban species.In the 19th and early 20th centuries，many people viewed cities negatively—crowded，dirty environments full of disease and crime.They feared that as cities got bigger，living conditions would worsen.In recent decades，however，attitudes have changed.Many experts now think urbanization(城市化)is good news，offering solutions to the problems of Earth's growing population.Harvard economist Edward Glaeser，author of TriumphoftheCity，is one such person.Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absence of space between people” reduces the cost of transporting goods，people，and ideas.While the flow of goods has always been important to cities，what is most important today is the flow of ideas.Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily，and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand.Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land.This leaves more space for open country，such as farmland.City dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside.Their roads，sewers，and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate.City apartments require less energy to heat，cool，and light.Most importantly，people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person.So it's a mistake to see urbanization as evil;it's a natural part of development.The challenge is how to manage the growth.【语篇解读】 本文讲述了随着人们对城市看法的改变，城市化进程不断加快。许多专家认为这是好事。
★8.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The history of modern cities.B．Changes taking place within cities.C．How cities have grown over time.D．Why modern cities are changing.解析：段落大意题。第一段讲述了随着时间的推移，城市人口激增。故选C项。答案：C
9．How have experts' attitudes towards cities changed in recent decades? A．They now view the weaknesses as strengths.B．They no longer see city－living as attractive.C．They accept city life in spite of its problems.D．They think city－living provides more benefits.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many experts now think urbanization(城市化)is good news, offering solutions to the problems of Earth's growing population”可知，许多专家认为城市化进程是件好事。故选D项。
答案：D
10．Which of the following would Edward Glaeser agree with? A．Cities provide more economic opportunities.B．City people get along better with each other.C．Overcrowded cities result in problems.D．Cities limit the flow of ideas.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages”可知，他认为城市能为人们提供更多的经济发展机会。故选A项。
答案：A
11．According to Paragraph 4，what would be the result of moving people out of cities? A．Economic production would be reduced.B．There would be less farmland available.C．People would travel less frequently.D．House values would fall greatly.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land.This leaves more space for open country，such as farmland”可知，城市居民居住面积占地少，能够留出更多的土地进行耕种；由此可以推断：若让人们搬出城市，耕地的面积将大大减少。故选B项。
答案：B
D(2017·九江十校联考)(导学号 58210011)A cute white cat peeks out of a hole with only its head visible.A long－eared rabbit licks its lips while looking up at a carrot.These aren't real scenes in a natural park.Instead，they're paintings in tree holes on a road in Shijiazhuang，Hebei Province.Hundreds of people are visiting the artistic road to take photos of
the new paintings.The creator of these eye－catching paintings is Wang Yue，23.She describes her tree hole paintings as“a beautiful journey”through which she adds fun and vitality(活力)to her hometown.“When I saw the trees by the roadside had lost all their leaves，and the ugly tree holes became obvious，I thought that if I could paint some interesting scenes in these holes they might add some color to the city，”said Wang Yue.But Wang was worried that her watercolor paints could hurt the trees.When Wang got permission from city officials，she gathered her color palette，brushes and a stool and got to work.Her first painting was of rosy clouds，but many passers－by couldn't understand it.“Perhaps it was too abstract，”said Wang Yue.After that，she began to paint animals.Using her paintbrush she creatively placed a raccoon(浣熊)，a squirrel and a cat in the holes.Wang's friends shared her works on their micro blogs and she became a hit.Her next aim is to tell stories rather than painting individual animals.“I was glad to let people see life's beauty.I hope more artists can join me in painting the tree holes，”she said.【语篇解读】 石家庄女孩王月用“树洞画”让栩栩如生的小猫、松鼠以及各种风景在树洞“安家”，为黯淡的冬季带来了色彩。
12．Why did Wang Yue begin to create paintings in the tree holes? A．To practice painting and have fun.B．To prevent the tree leaves from falling.C．To have passers－by take photos of her paintings.D．To make the city more colorful and lively.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She describes her tree hole paintings as‘a beautiful journey’through which she adds fun and vitality to her hometown.”和第三段中的“I thought that if I could paint some interesting scenes in these holes they might add some color to the city.”可知她这样做主要是为了让城市更有活力，更有色彩。故D项正确。
答案：D
13．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Wang's first painting hurt the trees and city officials stopped her work.B．Wang's first painting wasn't popular because she wasn't skillful then.C．Wang became successful partly because of her friends' micro blogs.D．Wang would continue to centre her works on individual animals.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话“Wang's friends shared her works on their micro blogs and she became a hit”可知因为她的朋友在博客上分享了她的行为，别人才知道这件事情。故C项正确。
答案：C
★14.Which is the best title for the text? A．Paintings in tree holes become popular B．Paintings bring grey road to life C．Wang Yue—a girl who has become a hit D．Join in painting the tree holes 解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲的是石家庄女孩王月用“树洞画”为黯淡的冬季带来色彩。A，D项与文章无关。C项并非中心思想。B项概括了文章主旨。
答案：B
第五篇：第一讲准确理解 概括主旨
第一讲准确理解 概括主旨
考 点：感知并能概括文章（段）内容
知识要点：准确感知和理解语言材料，概括文章（段）的主题。
考试说明：
1、能判断对文章（段）内容的概括正确与否。
2、能准确概括出文章（段）的中心。努力避免感知不准，理解不透，概括不准或不全等问题。
3、能找出最能体现文章（段）主题的语言材料或事件材料。
4、能结合自已的认识，联系自己的生活，就文章（段）主题谈一点体会。
解题方法
方法一:提取中心句法
题目1: 速读下文，找出表达关键信息的语句。
全球定位系统是一种用信号覆盖全球各个角落的卫星系统。目前由美国国防部发射的24颗卫星组成。它们在距离地面大约12000英里高的轨道上绕地球运行。每颗卫星都不断地向地面发出表示时间和位置的信号。地球上任何地方的接收器随时都可以收到4个以上卫星的信号。任何有接收手段的人利用这些信号就能确定自己的位置和行进速度。
方法二:整合法：根据材料中的关键词语或句子进行再概括形成答案。
题目2：完整概括下面这段文字的内容。
小型蚁筑巢，将湿润的土粒吐在巢口，垒成酒盅状、灶台状、坟冢状、城堡状或松疏的蜂房状，高耸在地面；中型蚁的巢口，土粒散得均匀美观，围成喇叭口或泉心的形状，仿佛大地开放的一只黑色花朵；大型蚁筑巢像北方人的举止，随便、粗略、不拘细节，它们将颗粒远远地衔到什么地方，任意一丢，就像大步奔走撒种的农夫。
方法三:分层归并法。先划分层次，然后再把层次的内容概括组合。
题目3：试概括下段文字的大意。
阴霾弥漫的冬天是毫无生气的季节，是自然界的休眠和沉睡时期：昆虫停止了生命，游蛇停止了运动，植物终止了生长，失去了绿色，所有的空中居民都被抛弃流放，水族生命被关在冰冻的牢狱中，大部分陆地动物被囚禁在山洞、岩洞、地洞内，这一切给我们展现出一幅幅萧条冷落的景象。鸟类的回归带来了初春第一个信息，这些可爱的小生命唤醒了沉睡的大自然，焕发了新的活力与生命，树木吐出了新芽，小树林披上了新装，引来了新主人在此嬉笑打闹，唱歌传情，到处生机勃勃。
方法四：点示要素法。是用最简洁的文字，用近乎一个词加上一个词再加上一个词的形式来点示。题目4：说说文段中介绍了麦考利夫哪些方面的情况。
“挑战者”号上的七名宇航员中，有一名来自新罕布什尔州中学的女教师麦考利夫。她是一名来
自民间的航天飞机乘员，是从l万l千名报名应征的教师中选出来的。她为参加这次飞行接受了120个小时的宇航训练。她准备在轨道上向她的学生讲授“太空课”。
方法五：整体归纳法。理解材料，抓住关键词句用简练的语言加以概括。
题目5：概括下面文段的基本信息。
目前世界上已鉴定的生物物种有170多万种。本世纪80年代地球上平均每天至少有一种生物灭绝，从1990年开始，平均每小时消失一个物种，到2000年，估计有100万种生物物种从地球上消失。
实践练习
1、将下面的文字材料改写为“一句话新闻”。
央行的统计数字表明，到2月份我国的粮价已连续4个月小幅回升。分析师估计，今年国内主要粮食品种的价格水平可能持续走高。据国内媒体对全国832个县7万多农户3月初种植意向的调查，今年全国稻谷、小麦和玉米等谷物品种播种面积继续减少，只有豆类品种播种面积增加，这将对今年的粮价水平有一定影响。
2、根据文段内容，指出爬山虎在环境保护中的作用40字以内。
爬山虎在环境保护中发挥着多方面的作用。它的叶片较大，呈广卵型，宽10至20厘米。炎夏，从根部吸收的水分经叶片蒸腾，可带走空气中的热量，降低环境温度。它的茎叶密集，覆盖在房屋墙面上，可以遮挡强烈的阳光，又可以使空气在叶片与墙面之间流动，因而降低室内温度。它的卷须式吸盘能吸收墙上的水分，有助于潮湿房屋的干燥；而干燥季节，有它遮蔽墙面，又可以保持房屋的湿度。它的绿叶能制氧，是空气中氧气的一个重要来源。它的枝叶攀援在围墙、房屋的墙面上，可以吸收环境中的噪音，还能吸咐飞扬的尘土。
3．概括下面一段话的主要信息。
2008年全国高考平均录取率超过60％。其中北京、上海、新疆、江苏等地的高考录取率都超过了75％。但今年高分考生集中报考北大、清华等名牌重点院校的现象十分突出，致使一些名牌重点院校的平均分数比往年提高了20—80分，北大、清华则超过了120分。与此相反，许多一般院校特别是一些地方所属院校和专科、高职及民办院校生源明显不足。主动放弃这些院校的考生今年大幅度增加。
4、点示下面这段话表述了故宫哪些方面的信息。
在北京的中心，有一座城中之城，这就是紫禁城。现在人们叫它故宫，也叫故宫博物院。这明清两代的皇宫，是我国现存的最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群，有五百多年了。
5、用一句话概括下面语段中所透露出来的信息。
继在上海、青岛、大连、杭州开办多家建材连锁超市后，世界上最大的仓储式装饰建材商百安居日前又将建材连锁超市开到了深圳；并计划以深圳市场为中心挺进中国整个华南市场。与此同时，欧洲第二大、德国最大的建材商欧倍德也加快了向中国市场进军的步伐，在抢占了无锡、上海市场后，近日又计划在广州市场“跑马圈地”。已在上海安营扎寨的美国最大建材超市THE HOMEDEPOT也有意将市场的触角向南北延伸。
中考真题
温总理打给母亲的电话
李晓
1他的亲人，有13 亿之众。他的亲人，是一个国家的人民。这个人，○就是
一
天津
喜欢
放您
他带温家宝。2他的母亲，○叫杨秀兰。这位年过九旬的母亲，和中国那些普通的母亲样。早年，她只是天津城里一位寻常的小学语文老师。那时，他和母亲住在城里一条古朴的小胡同里，他与小伙伴们把门板卸下来当乒乓球台，他母亲把钥匙放在邻居家里，放学后，他便到邻居家拿钥匙：‚刘娘，我妈把钥匙这儿了？‛后来，他到北京工作以后，母亲还炸好面酱，托跑运输的邻居给
到北京。后来，她的儿子成了国家总理。他说：‚母亲对我的教育是永远忘记不了的，因为我出生在 1942 年，恰恰是在抗战时期，我在她身边知道了战争的苦难，知道了生活的艰难，从而懂得一个人要如何献身给国家。‛他这样深情地说。这绝不是一个国务院总理的即兴表达，这是一个孩子对母亲内心的感激和感恩。
3三年前春天的下午，他到日本访问,在国会刚刚进行了一场可以载入史册的成功演讲后，他便○
给母亲打电话：‚妈，我讲得怎样啊？‛在当天的电视直播里，双眼昏花的母亲一直看完了他的演讲，接到他的电话，老母亲当即夸奖他：‚孩子，你讲得很好，因为你是在用心讲。‛他这才放心了。母亲是他信任的人，他等待母亲评论的心情，就像一个幼儿园孩子,等待老师给胸前佩戴大红花一样。在参加当日华人社团和中日友好团体近千人共同举办的欢迎大会上，他提起国会演讲结束后，打出的第一个电话是给母亲的，并说到‚妈妈在我小时候就教育我要讲真话‛时，全场爆发出经久不息的掌声。所有的人无不为他的亲情所动容，许多人眼眶里闪着晶莹的泪花，有的甚至被感动得泪流满面。一位日本老妇人，双手合掌向身旁一位中国人说道：‚你们中国人很幸福。有这样一位热爱妈妈的总理阁下，连我也感到很温暖…… ‛
4在美国访问时，他再次回忆年幼时母亲对他的教育。他说：○‚母亲从小就教育我，对人要真实、真情、真挚、真切。一个人如果做到‘四真’就达到很高的境界。‛这些，在他做了一个泱泱大国的总理后，也是按照母亲的嘱托去做的。
5在天津火车站候车大厅，他向一位哭泣的母亲伸出了慈爱的大手，那位母亲两岁的孩子，患了○
白血病无钱求医，母亲的哭声揪痛了他的心。在他的关心下，孩子入院了，后来，他又自己捐助一万元给孩子治病。在视察路上，他中途下车，把手伸向了那位刚从庄稼地里劳作回来的母亲，后来，在全国掀起了为农民工的讨薪风暴。在前年的地震灾区，多少次，看到他情不自禁地流泪……这个风尘仆仆的老人，有一颗柔软而滚烫的心在绵延奔腾。
6○
是母亲在新闻里对他的张望，在心里对他的念叨。而他，无论怎么繁忙，也还记得，常常给母亲打一个电话。老舍在《我的母亲》中写道：‚人，活到八九十岁，有母亲在，便可以多少还有点孩子气。失了慈母便像花插在瓶子里，虽然还有色有香，却失去了根。有母亲的人，心里是安定的。‛
7给母亲打电话回家的总理，一个赤子的深情，才让他常常《仰望星空》○，正如他在诗里诉说的那样：‚那永恒的炽热，让我心中燃起希望的烈焰，响起春雷。‛
（选自《意林》2010年第10期，有删改）
1．请用一句话概括本文的主要内容。
6段“念天下苍生，也念母亲安康”的三件事。2．从文中找出印证第○
2段插入总理小时候的生活片断有何用意？ 3.第○
5段“这个风尘仆仆的老人，有一颗柔软而滚烫的心在绵延奔腾”一句中加点词的作用。4．分析第○．．．．
6段划波浪线的句子中，你能感受到母亲怎样的复杂情感？ 5．从第○
6．古人曾有“儿行千里母担忧”的感叹，也有“子欲养而亲不待”的遗憾。面对七旬总理与九旬母亲之间的真挚情意，你有何感想？小结：
一、中心的格式化本文记叙了（描写了）……的故事（事迹、经过、事件、景物），表现了（反映了、歌颂了、揭露了、批判了）……的思想（性格、精神、实质），抒发了作者……的感情。
二、寻找中心的思路⑴从分析标题入手。⑵从分析材料入手。⑶从分析段首入手。⑷从分析篇末入手。⑸从分析文中议论、抒情入手。⑹从概括段意或分析人物事件入手。
三、表述答案应注意的问题
1、遵守字数要求。
2、尽量用原文的词语。
3、组合材料时，尽量不用修饰语。
4、用自己的话概括时，尽量用短句
四、两个特殊句式
1、某某人做某某事
2、某某事物某某样
答案：
参考答案:全球定位系统是一种用信号覆盖全球各个角落的卫星系统。
参考答案:三种蚂蚊筑巢的不同方式。
参考答案:冬天的萧条景象和初春的生机勃勃
参考答案：身份、性别、来历、训练情况、航行计划。
参考答案：物种灭绝速度加快
参考答案：今年国内主要粮食品种的价格可能持续走高。
参考答案：爬山虎有降低温度、调节湿度、制造氧气、吸收噪音、吸附尘土等多方面的环境保护作用。参考答案：今年高考名牌重点院校爆满而一般院校生源不足
参考答案：地理位置、名称、历史价值
参考答案：海外建材商正加速抢占中国市场温总理日理万机，却不忘常给母亲打电话
2在日本成功演讲后，他将第一个电话打给母亲;在美国访问时，回忆幼时母亲对他的四真教育；在天津帮一位母亲救助生病的孩子；在视察时向一位母亲了解民情掀起为农民工的讨薪风暴；在地震灾区，多次流泪。
3小时候经历 的战争苦难和生活的艰辛，交代他念天下苍生，也念母亲安康的背景。为下文做铺垫 4柔软表现善良。滚烫表现赤诚两个词语刻画了总理对母亲对人民的浓浓爱意与满腔热忱 5牵挂和关心
6言之有理即可
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