第一篇:英语词序 典型例题
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质,类别--名词
a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two other little D.little other two 答案:C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。2)
1、冠词(article)定冠词(DEFINITE ARTICLE),3)限定词
4)不定冠词(INDEFINITE ARTICLE),零冠词(ZERO ARTICLE)5)
2、形容词性的代词物主限定词(POSSESSIVE PRONOUN DETERMINER),my, your, his, her, our, your, their,its.6)
名词属格(GENITIVE NOUN),John's, my friend's.7)
指示限定词(DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINER),this, that, these, those, such.8)
关系限定词(RELATIVE DETERMINER),whose, which.9)
疑问限定词(INTERROGATIVE DETERMINER),what, which, whose.10)
不定限定词(INDEFINITE DETERMINER),no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much,(a)few,(a)little, other, another.11)
3、数词(numeral)基数词(CARDINAL NUMERAL)和序数词(ORDINAL NUMERAL)12)
倍数词(MULTIPLICATIVE NUMERAL)和分数词(FRACTIONAL NUMERAL)13)
4、量词(QUANTIFIER)a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great of, a good deal of, a large of, a small amount of, a quantity of, a great of, a good number of等。限定词的相互搭配关系为:前位+中位+后位
中位限定词包括:
冠词:a(n), the
指示代词:this, that, these, those
形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, etc
名词属格:Jim’s, my mother’s
不定代词:some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, etc
连接代词what(ever), which(ever), whose, etc
前位限定词包括:all, both, half;double, twice, three times, etc;one-third, two-fifths, etc;what, such,(a / an)等。
后位限定词包括:one, two, three, etc;first, second, third, etc;next, last, other, another, etc;many, much,(a)few,(a)little, fewer,(the)fewest, less,(the)least, more, most;several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of;such等。
2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old 答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?----It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.A.few last sunny B.last few sunny C.last sunny few D.few sunny last 答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:
限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table
第二篇:英语代词典型例题
[读卷]2009年“专转本”英语代词典型例题
1.“How often do you take the medicine ?” “______ four hours.”
A.For
B.Any
C.Every
D.Each 【答案及解析】答案选 C 2.“Is this bike yours?” “No,it's ______.”
A.Bob
B.Bobs
C.Bob's
D.Bobs' 【答案及解析】答案选 C
3.“Is there ______ good on TV this evening?” “Sorry,nothing good.” A.nothing
B.something
C.anything
D.everything 【答案及解析】答案选 C 肯定句中用something,否定句和疑问句中用anything.4.You have a good suggestion,but it's not as practical as _______.A.he
B.him
C.his
D.her 【答案及解析】答案选 C
5.A chemist prepares his experiments carefully before trying to carry _____ in his lab.A.it out
B.out it
C.them out
D.out them 【答案及解析】答案选 C carry out 实施 宾格放在词组中间,名词放在词组后面 如,carry out his experiments.1.Nowadays _____ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls.That is why many companies have developed special foods to help people to slim(苗条)
A.everyone
B.anybody C.somebody
D.no one
【答案及解析】答案选D enjoy doing sth.anybody在疑问句和否定句中指没有人,在肯定句中指任何人
2.You have to hurry up if you want to buy eggs because there's hardly _____ left.A.anything
B.something C.nothing
D.everything 【答案及解析】答案选A hardly 否定词,几乎不 3.He felt bad because he had drunk too _____ the night before.A.many
B.much
C.few
D.little 【答案及解析】答案选B 本题主要考查可数名词和不可数名词 drink too much 喝多了
too much wine 太多的酒
4.She promised her parents to write _______ while she was away.A.other day
B.another day C.every other day
D.any other day 【答案及解析】答案选C every other 每隔„„ 5.It was terrible.One passenger was killed,and _____ was badly hurt.A.the others
B.rest C.the rest D.the other 【答案及解析】答案选D he others后面谓语动词接复数
1.Some people hope to be more successful while _____ simply want to feel more comfortable.A.the others
B.others C.the other
D.another 【答案及解析】答案选 B some others, comfortable 舒适的
2.If anyone happens to call while I am out of the office,please have ________ leave a message for me.A.he
B.him
C.they
D.them 【答案及解析】答案选B have sb.do sth.让某人做某事
3.The first thing that my brother and _______ did in the early morning was to go out to see the pony.A.I
B.me
C.mine
D.my 【答案及解析】答案选A pony 小马,主语 first thing,谓语动词 was to go out to see,宾语 the pony.4.“I'd like some more bananas.” “I'm sorry,there is _______ left.” A.no
B.some
C.few
D.none 【答案及解析】答案选D
5.There are two windows in this bedroom._______ of them face south,overlooking a beautiful park.A.Both
B.One
C.The two
D.Either 【答案及解析】答案选A either 开头谓语动词要接单数,both谓语动词用复数
1.“I felt a bit hungry.” “Why don't you have ______ bread?”
A.any
B.Some
C.little
D.a piece 【答案及解析】答案选 B习语 Why don't you have some„„
2.The jacket doesn't fit Terry,as he has _______ huge body and the jacket is _____ small.A.such a; such
B.such a; so C.so ; so
D.so ; such a 【答案及解析】答案选 B such修饰名词,so修饰形容词 so huge the body 3.“Why are you smiling?”
“Oh,I've just thought of _________.” A.funny something
B.something funny C.nothing funny
D.funny anything 【答案及解析】答案选 B 形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面 不定代词:something,anything,somebody,anybody,nothing,nobody.4.Young babies can use _________ hand equally well.A.either
B.each
C.both
D.every 【答案及解析】答案选A 强调两者之中任何一个 5._______ road out of town is good,but this one is better than the other.A.Both
B.All
C.None
D.Neither 【答案及解析】答案选 D
1.It was at the music hall _______ we met each other for the first time.A.when
B.where
C.which
D.that 【答案及解析】答案选 D 强调句
2.Modern technology has made ______ possible for the whole world to be closer than ever before.A.this
B.that
C.it
D it's 【答案及解析】答案选 C it is possible „„是可能的
3.It is during his spare time _______ John has been studying a course in French.A.when
B.that
C.which
D.what 【答案及解析】答案选 B it is„„ 强调句 4.“Have you heard the news about Tom?” “No,what _______ ?” A.was it
B.were they
C.are they
D.is it 【答案及解析】答案选 D news 当消息讲是不可数名词
5.I wonder why ________ possible for you to do the work by yourself.A.you
B.you are
C.it isn't
D.you were 【答案及解析】答案选 C I wonder why 宾语从句 1.“Did Amy's parents leave her any money?” “No,she has to support ______ now.” A.herself
B.by herself C.all alone
D.on her own 【答案及解析】答案选 A support oneself 养活自己
2.In _____ own way,mathematics can be as creative and exciting as poetry.A.It
B.Its
C.their
D.theirs 【答案及解析】答案选 B mathematics 数学(单数)
3.Neighbors ought to respect _______.A.themselves
B.one another
C.each one
D.to each other 【答案及解析】答案选 B
4.This furniture is different from _______.A.ones
B.your
C.that one
D.that 【答案及解析】答案选 D furniture是不可数名词,5.For ______ interested in nature,the club offers hikes and overnight camping each week during the summer.A.that
B.this
C.these
D.those 【答案及解析】答案选 D hike 徒步旅行,overnight camping在野外露营
1.“May I help you with some shoes,sir?” “Yes,I'd like to try on those brown _______.” A.one
B.ones
C.two
D.pair
【答案及解析】答案选 B shoes是复数,对应ones, try on 试穿
2.“Do you like the book Sidney gave you?” “Very much.It's exactly _______ I wanted.” A.one which
B.the one
C.one that
D.one what 【答案及解析】答案选 B 下文提到上文提到的单数可数名词,用the one
3.“Shall I mail the letter for you?” “Yes,I'd appreciate ________.”
A.that you do B.you to do it
C.this
D.it 【答案及解析】答案选 D 指代前面提到的事,用it.4.The patient chiefly lived on milk and fruit because he had ______ to eat.A.nothing else
B.anything else C.something other
D.nothing other 【答案及解析】答案选 A 修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面 live on 以„„为生 5.________ doesn't matter what you do at this point.A.They
B.All
C.He
D.It 【答案及解析】答案选 D it doesn't matter 没关系 1.People have proved _________ to be true that the heat we get from coal and oil comes from the sun.A.that
B.it
C.this
D./ 【答案及解析】答案选 B it 是形式宾语,that从句是真正的宾语
2.I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.it
B.that
C.this
D.those 【答案及解析】答案选 A
3.“Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?” “No,______ only the two passengers who got hurt.” A.it was
B.there is C.it were
D.there was 【答案及解析】答案选 A 强调句
4.__________ he realized it was too late to return home.A.No sooner it grew dark than B.Hardly it grew dark when C.It was not until dark that D.Scarcely it grew dark when 【答案及解析】答案选 D no sooner than=as soon as 一„„就„„, scarcely when=as soon as, hardly when=as soon as
5.It was not until she arrived in class ________ realized she had forgotten her book.A.and
B.when she
C.She
D.that she 【答案及解析】答案选 D not until 直到„„才 6.It was ______ who arrived there first,despite our detour(绕路)
A.us
B.we
C.our
D.ours 【答案及解析】答案选 B
7.It was _______ the next morning that Kunta began to think about where he was going.A.after
B.before
C.when
D.not until 【答案及解析】答案选 D after 在„„之后, before 在„„之前, when 当„„时候, not until 直到„„才
8.It was _______ he got a map that he started on his away.A.until
B.till
C.not until
D.not till 【答案及解析】答案选 C until 直到, till 直到, not until 直到„„才
第三篇:典型例题
【典型例题】She had a great ___ for the town where she grew up.A.affection
B.affectation
C.infection
D.affectionate 【试题详解】答案 A 她热爱她长大的那座小镇 have an affection for 对„„有感情
affectation n.矫揉造作 infection n.传染,感染 affectionate adj.深情的
【常用短语】have an affection for sbsth 【词汇补充】affect v.喜爱 affectionate adj.深爱的
【典型例题】How to talk to Martin is rather an____ question.A.advanced
B.absolute
C.accurate
D.academic 【试题详解】答案 D 如何让与火星人交谈是一个学术性很强的问题。academic question 学术问题;advanced 高级的accurate 准确的 absolute 绝对的
【词汇补充】academicals 博士服,硕士服 academic year 学年 academician 院士 academy 私立中学 academicism 墨守成规
【典型例题】When you __ big , believe big , and pray big , big things happen!A.affirm
B.know C.agree
D.ensure 【试题详解】答案是A。句意:当你确认伟大,相信你伟大,起到伟大,伟大的事情就会发生!
affirm肯定,断言;know知道;agree同意;ensure保证,确保。
【典型考题】
The _____ of the past week had left her exhausted.A anxieties
B concerns
C expectations
D anticipation 解析:由同意词辨析可知此题答案选 A 意为过去一个星期的担忧使她筋疲力尽。
【典型考题】: Now,let us come to item No.5 on the __.A.plan
B.program
C.agenda
D.project 解析:答案是C。句意:现在让我们讨论议事日程上的第五项。
agenda待议诸事一览表;program(行动)计划;project工程,项目;plan计划。
【典型考题】
Age affects the range of a person’s ______ A capacities B capabilities
C capacious D capable 解析:答案选B 此题考查易错词辨析。句意为年龄影响一个人能力的大小。Capacity 表示
容量容积明显不符合题意。后两个答案分别为他们的形容词形式。【典型考题】
He’s had no end of bad luck but he just seems to ______ every time.A.bounce back
B.recover
C.reverse
D.come to 解析:答案选A 句意:他总是遇到不如意的事,但是好像每次都能恢复过来。bounce back 指失意后恢复过来。【典型考题】
Everyone is encouraged to ____ food and clothing for the refugees.A attribute
B contribute
C stimulate
D distribute 解析:答案为B ,此题考查对形近词的区分。句意:鼓励每个人为难民捐助食品和衣物。contribute 表示“捐赠,出钱(力)”,因为本题是鼓励每个人,所以不可能是“分发”食品和衣物,只会是“捐赠”
【Derivative】
contributor n.捐助者,投稿者 ; contribution n.贡献,捐献物
contributive adj.有助的,促成的 ;contributory adj.促成的,捐助性的。【典型考题】
Everyone is encouraged to ____ food and clothing for the refugees.A attribute
B contribute
C stimulate
D distribute 解析:答案为B ,此题考查对形近词的区分。句意:鼓励每个人为难民捐助食品和衣物。contribute 表示“捐赠,出钱(力)”,因为本题是鼓励每个人,所以不可能是“分发”食品和衣物,只会是“捐赠”
Counsel// noun, verb Noun 1.(formal)advice, especially given by older people or experts;a peiece of advice(尤指老年人或专家的)劝告,忠告,建议:Listen to the counsel of your elders.2 a lawyer or group of lawyers representing sb in a court of law 律师:the counsel for the defence/prosecution. Verb 1 to listen to and give support or professional advice to sb who needs help.为某人提供帮助:Therapists were brought in to counsel the bereaved.2 to advise sb to do sth 建议,劝告(做某事)Most experts counsel caution in such cases.【Common phrases】
a counsel of despair 知难而退的建议
; a counsel of perfection 听上去完美却难以实行的建议
; keep your own counsel 保留自己的意见。【Derivative】
counseling noun 咨询,辅导
; counselor noun 顾问,辅导顾问 【易错词】
Council;noun a group of people who are elected to govern an area such as a city or county.【典型考题】
The court then heard_____ for the dead woman’s father.A council
B councilor
C counsel
D counselor 解析:答案选C,句意为:法庭接着听取了已死女人的父亲所请律师的陈述。A项意为委员会 此题考查形近词。[典型考题]
That is Taoist pragmatistic ___and positivist___.a.crisp b.crisis c.crises d.criminate [试题分析] 答案为b.[详细解答] 这主要表现为道教的“实用主义危机”和“实证主义危机.a.crisp是钞票;c.crises是危险;d.criminate是指控,谴责的意思,均与原文不符。[典型考题]
I want an appointment for a___time and place.a.definitive b.definitely c.definite d.distinct [试题分析] 答案为c [详细解答] 句意:我要有确切的时间和地点的约会。表示“明确的,不可能引起误解的”;显然约会的时间和地点是不能含糊的,应该明确无误的。[典型考题] Believe in each child is own----potentiality.a.developmental b.experimental c.formative d.development [试题分析] 答案为a.[详细解答] 句意为 相信每一个儿童都有发展的潜能。b.experimental多用于表达实验(性)的, 试验(性)的;而c.formative是(影响)形成〔构成, 发展〕的,但developmental更贴近句意;d.development为名词,词性不符。
[典型考题]。
He could not give a ____explanation of his intention.A.distinct B.Obvious C.clear D.plain [试题分析] 答案为 A.[试题分析] 本题考查近义词的辨析问题。他不能清楚明白地解释他的意图。Distinct指人表达思想,概念清楚明白;指容易感受到或看到。本题的宾语是“解释他的意图”。Obvious指事物一目了然,含无可置疑之意。Clear范围较广,指事物清楚明白;plain注重作品等显而易见的,浅显易懂的。
[典型考题]:
I was most ____to hear the sad news for your father death.a.distressed b.distressing c.distressful d.distress [试题分析] 分析:答案为a.[试题详解] distressed我听到你父亲去世的消息,十分难过。Distressed使某人感动痛苦,难过。多用于修饰人。而b.distressing以形容事情令人痛苦为主;c.distressful与b.distressing 的用法相
同,多用于修饰事件;d.distress是动词,此处应为形容词,词性不符。
[典型考题] In most universities, males and females live in the same____.a.room b.flat c.chamber d.dorm [试题分析]
分析:答案为d.[试题详解] 在大部分高校,男生和女生住在相同的宿舍里。room指房间,显然与原句不合逻辑;flat强调一套房间,公寓套房;c.chamber是指会议厅,会所。所以只有d.dorm最符合原文。而且学生公寓一般均用dorm表示。典型考题That old professor is a walking____.A.book
B.encyclopedia C.novel
D.fiction 试题分析本题为词义辨析题。考查名词的辨义。
详细解答典型考题答案B。句意:那位老教授是一个活百科。book n.书本,书籍;encyclopedia n.百科全书;novel n.长篇故事,小说;fiction n.虚构的文学作品,小说。典型考题 His____ are limited, and scarcely fit him for his post.A.endorsement
B.engagement C.endowment
D.enlargement 试题分析本题是形近词辨析题。详细解答典型考题答案C。句意:他的天资很有限,不太适合担任这项职务。endorsement n.1.(公开的)赞同,支持,认可,2.(通常为名人在广告中为某一产品的)宣传,吹嘘;engagement n.预约,约会,订婚:enlargement n.扩大物(尤指照片),扩大,增大;endowment n.天资,天赋。典型考题 Is it____ to promote cigarettes through advertising? A.ethereal
B.ethnic C.ether
D.ethical 试题分析本题是形近词辨析题。
详细解答典型考题答案D。句意:通过广告推销香烟合乎道德吗?ethereal adj.轻飘的,灵气的;ethnic adj.种族的,民族的;ether n.乙醚,太空;ethical adj.合乎道德的典型考题Students of social problems investigate the home, social and moral_____(s)of different classes of people.A.surroundings
B.conditions C.environment
C.situation 试题分析本题为词义辨析题。考查名词的辨义。详细解答典型考题答案C。句意:研究社会问题的学者调查各阶层人民的家庭,社会和精神方面的生活环境。surrounding 多指 地理环境;condition 意为“情况,条件”;situation 指“情况,状况”;environment指“环境”。
典型考题The teacher____ the performance of each student.A.evacuated
B.evaluated
C.equated
D.evoked 试题分析本题是词义辨析题。详细解答典型考题答案B。句意:老师对每个学生的成绩进行评估。evacuate vt.撤退,疏散;equate vt.同等看待,使相等,与equal是同根;evoke vt.唤起,激起;evaluate vt.对某物进行评价,评估。
[典型考题]They complained about the __noise coming from the upstairs flat.A、overladen B、immoderate C、inordinate D、excessive [试题分析]近义词辨析 答案为D [详细解答]句意为他们抱怨楼上发出的噪音太大。A意为装货过多的;(房间)装饰[摆设]过多的;(工作)负担过多的。B意为无节制的,极端的C意为紊乱的;放肆的,无限制的, 无节制的D excessive noise 表示噪音的音量很大
[词形变换]exceed v.超过 excess n.超过,超越,过量,过度 excessively adv.极端地,过分地
[典型考题]America has suffered the __crisis.A、economic
B、economical C、financial
D、monetary [试题分析]近义词辨析 答案为C [详细解答]固定搭配 financial crisis 金融危机。A意为经济的, 经济学的
合算的, 有经济效益的B意为节约的, 节俭的, 经济的 D意为货币的;通货的;钱的;金融的;财政的
[词形变换]finances n、财力、财源、基金;finance n、财政、金融;financer n、财政家、金融家;financially adv、在财政上、在经济上
【典型例题】It's the music to ____ the dramatic effect.A.enhance
B.heighten
C.intensify
D.aggravate 【试题详解】答案 B
那是用于提高戏剧效果的配乐。
区别 enhanceheightenintensifyaggravate 这些动词均有“加强,增强”之意: enhance:侧重指增加价值,魅力或声望等使人或物具有超科寻常的吸引力。
heighten:通常指使某物的某种性质变得不同一般的显著或突出。intensify:指深化或强化某事或某物,尤指其特别之处。aggravate:指加剧令人不快或困难的形势。
【典型例题】She had no ___ about making her opinions known.A.fear
B.afraid
C.interest
D.inhibition 【试题详解】答案 D 她敢于公开地谈论自己的想法。
fear “害怕” 常用搭配“fear of for sth”
afraid “恐惧的” 常用搭配 “be afraid of sth” interest “兴趣”
常用搭配 “interest inon sth”
【词形变换】inhibit v.阻止;使拘束
inhibited adj.拘谨的 【典型考题】 He has ___his mother’s patience.A.inhabited
B.inhibited
C.inhered
D.inherited 【试题详解】答案 D 这种耐心是母亲遗传给他的。
inhabit v.居住
inhibit v.阻止;抑制
inhere v.存在于„„中;归属于 inherit v.继承
【常用短语】 inherit(sth)from sb 【典型例题】Perfume____ with the skin’s natural chemicals.A.communicate
B.influence
C.affect
D.interact 【试题详解】答案 D 香水和皮肤的天然化学物质相互作用。communicate with sb “与某人沟通”
influence 仅指单方面的影响,对„„起作用 affect 同上“influence”
【典型例题】There was a serious incident ___ a group of youths.A.including
B.revolving
C.involving
D.evolving 【试题详解】答案C 有一起严重的事件涉及一群年轻人。include v.包含,包括 revolve v.旋转,转动
evolve v.发展,演变
【常用短语】involve(sb)in sthdoing sth
beget involed in sth beget involed with sb 【词形变换】involved adj.有关联的;复杂的;关系密切的1)【典型考题】
The cherk of the House prepares the ___ of the House.A
journal B diary C
record 答案:A 解析:下议院的书记整理了下议院的议事录。Journal 在这里的是议事程的意思,diary 是指日记,不仅记录所发生之事,还强调包括个人情感与想法。
【典型考题】
As he reached ___ Bandit became more difficult to live with.A mature B ripe
C maturity
D matured 答案:D
解析:然而到了成年之后,邦就变得特别难相处。Reach
maturity 表示长大成熟,为固定搭配,ripe通常表示作物和时机成熟。
【典型考题】He likes to show off his ___ physique.A.male
B.masculine
C.manly
D.man 答案:B
解析:句意:他喜欢显示他强健的男子本色。Masculine指在心理上或身体上具有男子特征,本句中形容词所修饰的名词是physique(体魄),所以,masculine 符合题意。
【典型考题】She has a deep ____of strangers, so she never lkes to talk to them.A.mistrust
B.distrust
C.trust
D.untrustworth 答案:A
解析:她对陌生人猜忌及深,她也从不喜欢跟陌生人搭讪。根据句意。C选项不符合题意,D为形容词,所填选项必须为名词,予以排除。distrust 和 mistrust 都有猜忌的意思,但差别很小。distrust 更为通用,语气稍强,确信某人不诚实或不可信常用distrust.表示并不信任则大概用mistrust.这里只是表示她对陌生人不信任所以选A.【典型考题】Have you listened to ___ this morning ? A newsagent B newspaper C newsdom D newscast 答案:D 解析:newsagent 意为报刊经销人,newspaper 不符合题意,newsdom 代表报界,固选D 代表新闻。
[典型考题] He ____ through themist,trying to find the right path.A.pecked B.peered C.peeped D.peeled [试题分析] 本题考查形近词的辨析。pecked 啄;peered 仔细看;peeped 偷窥;peeled 削皮;可知正确答案为B
[典型考题] I ___his commment as a challenge.A. feeled B.observed C.perceived D.comprehend [试题分析] 本题考查近义词辨析。perceive 的意思是interpret sth in a certain way,与as 搭配。选C 【典型考题】He was born in a ___ family.A single parent B single-parent C single-parents D single-parental 答案:B 解析:single-parent 为固定搭配意为“单亲家庭的”。他出身在一个单亲家庭。所填词应属形容词性质,B符合题意。
parental 本身就是形容词,所以D选项不符合题意,予以排除。
[典型考题] Mr.Smith had an unusual ___, he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.A.profession B.occupation C.position D.carrer
[试题分析] 本题考查近义词辨析。A,B指所从事的职业,C 是指所在职位,D指职业生涯。正确答案为D。
[典型试题]
The next edition of the book is ___ for publication in March.A.projected B.propelled C.professed D.protected [试题分析] 本题考查形近词辨析。project是计划、规划的意思。propel是推动、迫使的意思。C 项 公开表明的。protect 保护。
[典型考题]
Few people will admit being racially ___.A.pride B.proud C.prejudiced D.pessimistic [试题分析] 本题考查形近词辨析。A、B项的意思是骄傲的,自豪的;C项是有偏见的、有歧视的;D项的意思是悲观的。根据句意,很少有人愿意承认他们有种族歧视,正确答案为C。
第四篇:典型例题
典型例题
一、填空题
1.教育是社会主义现代化建设的基础,国家保障教育事业优先发展。全社会应当关心和支持教育事业的发展。全社会应当尊重教师。
2.新课程的三维目标是 知识与技能目标、过程与方法目标和情感态度与价值观目标。
二、单项选择题(下列所给的选项中,只有一个最符合题目要求)
1.《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》中指出,国家课程标准(A)
A.是教学和命题的依据B.包括教学重点和难点
C.是大多数学生都能达到的最高要求D.是根据专家的意见编制的2.人们常说:“教学有法,而无定法”。这反映了教师劳动具有(B)
A.示范性B.创造性C.间接性D.主体性
三、判断题(请判断下列各题的观点是否正确,正确的打“√”,错误的打“”。
1.学生评教是促进教师发展过程中惟一客观的评价方式。(×)
2.新课程目标取向及精神内核就是以学生的发展为本。(√)
四、简单题
1.中小学教师的职业道德规范主要涉及哪些方面?
答:爱国守法、爱岗敬业、关爱学生、教书育人、为人师表、终身学习。
2.《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》规定学校应尊重未成年学生的哪些权利?
答:学校应当尊重未成年学生受教育的权利,关心、爱护学生,对品行有缺点、学习有困难的学生,应当耐心教育、帮助,不得歧视,不得违反法律和国家规定开除未成年学生。
五、案例分析题
学校规定初三学生必须在6点钟到校参加早自修,作为任课教师第二天与学生一起参与早自修的我在班级中也强调了一下,可是第二天仍有许多学生迟到,我看到这一情况,下令让迟到的学生在走廊罚站。到了第三天,再也没有一个学生迟到。还有一次,初三(2)班的一位男同学老是不肯做一周一次的时政作业,每次问他为什么,总都有原因,上次他说忘了,这次又说要点评的报纸没买,下次他会说作业本没带。这样几个星期下来,我光火了,不仅让他在办公室反思了一刻钟,写下保证书,还对他说,“下次再不交作业,甭来上课”,他这才有所收敛。
请从有关师德要求分析“我”的做法,并提出合理解决此类问题的建议。
答:本案主要反映了案例中的“我”以罚代教的教育方法,这明显违反了新时期我国教师职业道德内容中关于“对待学生”的相应规定,违反了不准以任何借口体罚或变相体罚学生,不准因学生违反纪律而加罚与违反纪律无关的任务等。
这位教师的做法在我们的身边也有可能出现。面对那些顽皮学生,有的教师可能无计可施。只得用“罚站”、“威胁”来对付他们,取得的效果看似有效,其实学生并非真正地接受,这不是真正的教育。虽然教师的出发点是好的,但这位教师的处理方法与《中小学教师职业道德规范》背道而驰。
教师对学生严格要求,要耐心教导,不讽刺、挖苦、歧视学生,不体罚或变相体罚学生,保护学生的合法权益。教师应该采用“说理”教育来对待那些顽皮学生,教师以朋友的身份心平气和地找那些学生谈心,尊重学生的人格,平等、公正地对待学生,多付出一点爱,多花时间在他们身上,当他们感受到老师在关心他们时,相信他们会改正缺点,努力做的更好。
第五篇:机械能守恒定律典型例题
机械能守恒定律典型例题
题型一:单个物体机械能守恒问题
1、一个物体从光滑斜面顶端由静止开始滑下,斜面高1 m,长2 m,不计空气阻力,物体滑到斜面底端的速度是多大?
拓展:若光滑的斜面换为光滑的曲面,求物体滑到斜面底端的速度是多大?
2、把一个小球用细绳悬挂起来,就成为一个摆,摆长为l,最大偏角为θ,求小球运动到最低位置时的速度是多大?
.题型二:连续分布物体的机械能守恒问题
1、如图所示,总长为L的光滑匀质铁链跨过一个光滑的轻小滑轮,开始时底端相齐,当略有扰动时,其一端下落,则铁链刚脱离滑轮的瞬间的速度多大?
2、一条长为L的均匀链条,放在光滑水平桌面上,链条的一半垂于桌边,如图所示,现由静止开始使链条自由滑落,当它全部脱离桌面时的速度多大?
3、如图所示,粗细均匀的U型管内装有同种液体,开始两边液面高度差为h,管中液体总长度为4h,后来让液体自由流动,当液面的高度相等时,右侧液面下降的速度是多大?题型三:机械能守恒定律在平抛运动、圆周运动中的应用(单个物体)
1、如图所示,AB是竖直平面内的四分之一圆弧轨道,其下端B与水平直轨道相切,一小球自A点起由静止开始沿轨道下滑。已知圆弧轨道半径为R,小球的质量为m,不计各处摩擦。求:(1)小球运动到B点时的动能
1(2)小球下滑到距水平轨道的高度为R时的速度大小和方向
2(3)小球经过圆弧轨道的B点和水平轨道的C点时,所受轨道支持力各是多大?
2、如图所示,固定在竖直平面内的光滑轨道,半径为R,一质量为m的小球沿逆时针方向在轨道上做圆周运动,在最低点时,m对轨道的压力为8mg,当m运动到最高点B时,对轨道的压力是多大?
3、如上图所示,可视为质点的小球以初速度v0沿水平轨道运动,然后进入竖直平面内半径为R的圆形轨道.若不计轨道的摩擦,为使小球能通过圆形轨道的最高点,则v0至少应为多大?
4、如右图所示,长度为l的无动力“翻滚过山车”以初速度v0沿水平轨道运动,然后进入竖直平面内半径为R的圆形轨道,若不计轨道的摩擦,且l>2πR,为使“过山车”能顺利通过圆形轨道,则v0至少应为多大?
5、游乐场的过山车可以底朝上在圆轨道上运行,游客却不会掉下来,如左图所示,我们把这种情况抽象为右图所示的模型:弧形轨道的下端与竖直圆轨道相接.使小球从弧形轨道上端滚下,小球进入圆轨道下端后沿圆轨道运动.实验发现,只要h 大于一定值.小球就可以顺利通过圆轨道的最高点.如果已知圆轨道的半径为R,h至少要等于多大?不考虑摩擦等阻力。
6、如图所示,位于竖直平面内的光滑轨道,由一段斜的直轨道和与之相切的圆形轨道连接而成,圆形轨道的半径为R。一质量为m的小物块从斜轨道上某处由静止开始下滑,然后沿圆形轨道运动。要求物块能通过圆形轨道最高点,且在该最高点与轨道间的压力不能超过5mg(g为重力加速度)。求物块初始位置相对于圆形轨道底部的高度h的取值范围。
7、如图所示,以固定在竖直平面内的光滑的半圆形轨道ABC,其半径R=0.5m,轨道在C处与水平地面相切。在C处放一小物块,给它一水平向左的初速度V0=5m/s,结果它沿CBA运动,通过A点,最后落在水平面上的D点,求C、m2D间的距离S,取g=10/s8、如图所示,一个光滑的水平轨道与半圆轨道相连接,其中半圆轨道在竖直平面内,半径为R.质量为m的小球以某速度从A点无摩擦地滚上半圆轨道,小球通过轨道的最高点B后恰好做平抛运动,且正好落在水平地面上的C点,已知AC=AB=2R,求:
(1)小球在A点时的速度大小.
(2)小球在B点时半圆轨道对它的弹力.
9、如图所示,位于竖直平面上的1/4圆弧光滑轨道,半径为R,OB沿竖直方向,上端A距地面高度为H,质量为m的小球从A点由静止释放,最后落在水平地面上C点处,不计空气阻力,求:
(1)小球运动到轨道上的B点时,对轨道的压力多大?(2)小球落地点C与B点水平距离s是多少?(3)要使小球的水平射程为最大值,求圆弧轨道半径R与高度H的关系。
10、如图所示,小球用不可伸长的轻绳悬于O点,在O点的正下方有一固定的钉子B,OB = d,开始时小球拉至 A点,且OA水平,小球在A点无初速度释放。绳子长为 L,为了使小球能绕B点做圆周运动.试求d的取值范围。
题型四:系统机械能守恒问题
1、如图所示,将A、B两个砝码用细线相连,挂在定滑轮上。已知mA=200g,mB=50g,托起砝码A,使其比B的位置高0.2m,然后由静止释放,当两砝码处于同一高度时,求它们的速度大小。(g=10 m/s2)
2、如图所示,质量为m 的木块放在光滑的水平桌面上.用轻绳绕过桌边的定滑轮 与质量为M的砝码相连,已知 M=2m.让绳拉直后使砝码从静止开始下降h(小于桌面)的距离,木块仍没离开桌面,则砝码的速度是多大?
3、如图所示,半径为R的光滑半圆上有两个小球A、B,质量分别为m和M,由细线挂着,今由静止开始无初速度自由释放,求小球A升至最高点C时A、B两球的速度?
4、有一光滑水平板,板的中央有一小孔,孔内穿入一根光滑轻线,轻线的上端系一质量为M的小球,轻线的下端系着质量分别为m1和m2的两个物体。当小球在光滑水平板上沿半径为R的轨道做匀速圆周运动时,轻线下端的两个物体都处于静止状态,若将两物体之间的轻线剪断,则小球的线速度为多大时才能再次在水平板上做匀速圆周运动?
6、如图所示,长为L的轻质杆,中点和右端分别固定着质量为m的A球和B球,杆可绕左端在竖直平面内转动,现将杆由静止释放,当杆摆到竖直位置时,B球的速率为多少?
7、如图所示,轻直细杆长为2l,中点有一转轴O,两端分别固定质量为2m、m的小球a和b。当杆从水平位置转到竖直位置时,两小球的速度为多大?
8、如图所示,质量为 m=2kg的小球系在轻弹簧的一端, 另一端固定在悬点O处,将弹簧拉至水平位置A处由静止释放,小球到达O点的正下方距O点h = 0.5 m处的B点时速度为2 m/s。求小球从A 运动到B的过程中弹簧弹力做的功。
9、如图所示,一个质量为 m=0.2 kg的小球系于轻质弹簧的一端,且套在光滑竖直的圆环上,弹簧的上端固定于环的最高点A,环的半径R=0.5m,弹簧的原长l0 = 0.5m,劲度系数为4.8N/m。若小球从图示位置B 点由静止开始滑动到最低点C时,弹簧的弹性势能Ep=0.6J,(g=10 m/s2)求:(1)小球到C点时的速度Vc的大小(2)小球在C点对环的作用力