第一篇:小学英语课堂教学中思维导图的应用
《小学英语课堂教学中思维导图的应用》
一、问题的提出:
思维导图是由英国心理学家托尼·巴赞于20世纪60年代提出的一种放射性思维的自然表达形式。它要求注意的焦点清晰地集中在中央图像上;主题作为主干,分支从中央图像向四周放射;分支由一个关键图像或相关线条上的关键词构成,比较不重要的话题也以分支形式表现出来,附在较高层次的分支上;各分支形成一个相互连接的节点结构。它是将枯燥、单调的文字信息,以多彩的颜色、图形、代码、符号等多种元素形象化表征出来,激发联想,扩展想象,将放射状思维过程和结果变为可视化的工具。以思维导图为载体,探索在小学英语课堂教学中创造新的教学方法,设计创新的思维导图式的词汇教学、语篇教学模式,帮助师生掌握正确有效的学习方法策略,促进教学效率,提高教学质量,并能更好、更快的实现新课标目标。为此,我针对我校英语课堂的教学提出“小学英语课堂教学中思维导图应用的研究”这一问题,旨在通过前瞻的思维导图理论指引课堂、改革英语课堂教学,不断提高课堂教学的效率。
二、研究对象及步骤:
研究对象:马丰小学402、601、602班学生 研究步骤:
本课题研究时间预期为半年。(2013年12月—2014年6月)1.准备阶段(2013.12):申报课题,确定研究思路,搜集有关资料,进行理论学习,起草研究方案。2.实施阶段(2013.03-2014.06):开展研究,积累过程性资料,不断反思,定期进行阶段性总结,撰写研究案例及研究论文。
3.总结阶段(2014.06):完善资料,撰写结题报告。
三、研究过程与方法: 1.研究方法:
(1)理论学习法:深入学习思维导图相关理论;并注意搜集与本课题有关的资料,通过查阅文献、上网搜集等方式,尽可能占有较多的研究资料,领略其文章精髓。
(2)问卷调查法:通过问卷调查,了解学校英语课堂教学的现状并分析其形成原因,不断探究改革课堂教学的策略。
(3)行动研究法:通过自身的教学实践和同行教师的教学实践来研究思维导图在小学英语课堂中的运用策略。
2.研究过程:
(1)第一阶段:主要加强了自身理论素养的积淀,理清了思维导图的精髓。思维导图是放射性思维的表达方式,因此也是人类思维的自然功能。它是一种非常有用的图形技术,是打开大脑潜能的万用钥匙。思维导图可以用于生活的各个方面,其改进后的学习能力和清晰的思维方式会改善人的行为表现”。形象地说,思维导图就是围绕一个中心主题,从中央主干向四周放射关联的分支,并用关键词或图形对分支进行标识,再充分利用色彩和字体的变化将思维的过程和结果可视化。这一思维工具虽然看起来非常简单,但是作为一种学习策略,是符合人类大脑思维方式的,是一种使大脑的思维过程可视化的工具。思维导图的核心就是把形象思维与抽象思维很好地结合起来,将你的思维痕迹用图画和线条形成发散性的结构。
(2)第二阶段:主要从利用思维导图激发学生学习兴趣以及思维导图在词汇教学等方面的运用研究。
(3)第三阶段:主要从利用思维导图发展学生记忆力以及思维导图在篇章教学等方面的运用研究。
四、实施策略:
1.以思维导图激发兴趣
兴趣是最好的老师,兴趣对人的实践活动起着积极的作用,特别是对学生的学习起着推动作用,是学生学习积极性中的一个最活跃、最积极的心理因素。思维导图是儿童喜闻乐见的形式,与儿童的心态很接近,儿童对世间事物的天生夸张、取舍能力与漫画的造型要求不谋而合。在教学过程中,思维导图通过图画的方式引导思考,在表现形式上就可以吸引孩子的注意力。如在小学英语教学中,我们可将思维导图运用于单词教学,使呆板无聊的文字一下子“活”了起来,给学生一种近在眼前的“立体感”。思维导图可以明显改善学生对语言材料的感知,减少用汉语语言文字解释英文词汇的繁琐,学生也可以脱离母语的依赖,而对所学单词的词义一目了然。
2.以思维导图增强记忆
思维导图将人类不同智能串联起来,在不同智能之间形成有联系的、可联想的记忆链条,这让孩子在记忆某些东西时很容易由此及彼产生联想,其记忆效果远比死记硬背要好得多。在语言学习的输出阶段,信息提取扮演着一个非常重要的角色,它在很大程度上取决于信息储存的形式及线索。提取线索与记忆痕迹越接近,提取便越有效。在这方面,思维导图能够起到绝佳的效果,因为用它协助学习时,图中的关键词、图画、连线等都为信息提取提供了很好的线索。这也加速了将语言知识内化的过程,增大了自动化输出的机会。
3.以思维导图提升能力
课堂上教师引导学生运用自己学过的知识进行话题作文,不仅有利于培养学生的语言表达能力(包括说和写),而且有利于培养学生总结运用知识点的能力。例如,就自己熟悉的话题“Introduce myself” 进行课堂话题作文,可以的思维导图进行思考和描述,提高学生写作技巧。思维导图是围绕一个中心将大脑中产生的思想以网状图形记录下来的思维模式,英语写作教学中运用思维导图可分以下五个步骤进行,这种方法能有效地帮助学生提高写作技巧,使其文章结构更加清晰合理。(1)让学生自己选定一个话题。(2)让学生闭目一到二分钟,围绕话题自由想象,把相关要点记下来,英文不会写的用中文代替。然后分小组讨论,由小组拿出由集体修改后的思维导图。(3)教师将学生作品抄在黑板上,学生进一步修改;而不了解思维导图原理的学生可获得直观的学习机会。(4)学生尝试把思维导图作一线性的连贯陈述,确定最佳陈述顺序。(5)动笔写作。
五、研究成效:
(1)学生方面:通过此项课题研究,不断激发了学生对英语学习的兴趣,培养了学生自主学习及课堂积极思维的能力。教师引导学生通过画思维导图中画图的方式来表达信息,大大加深了学生对学习材料的深加工,进而增强了学生将其纳入长期记忆的可能性。另一方面,画图过程中形成清晰的思维链条,促使学生总结运用知识点的能力。本学期,10多名学生在县小学英语知识竞赛中获得一二等奖,六年级学生的英语成绩居县同轨班级榜首。
(2)教师方面:通过此项课题研究,不断提升了自身对思维导图理论的理解,探究出了思维导图在词汇、篇章、作文等教学中的方法,不断提高了课堂教学效率。在研究过程中,本人撰写的《浅谈思维导图在小学英语课堂教学中的运用》一文在如东县小学“黄海潮”活动中荣获二等奖。
六、研究问题与反思:
(1)问题:在研究过程中,我们发现由于部分学生自觉性差,故在思维导图运用中存在着低效现象,英语成绩没有明显进步。
(2)反思:针对这种现状,作为一名英语老师应该充分根据学生特点,不断改革思维导图的运用方法,以此全面提升学生的英语成绩。
第二篇:小学英语课堂教学中思维导图的应用(上交)
一.思维导图在小学英语读写教学中的可行性分析
1.突出重点,有效助记,提高学习效率一方面,思维导图把学习者的主要精力集中在关键知识点上,不需要浪费时间在那些无关紧要的内容上。从而节省了宝贵的学习时间。另一方面,思维导图通过有效的概念意义的组织和概念框架的建立成为一个有力的助记工具。2.改善学生的信息加工方式,建立合理的知识网络,从而促进新旧知识的整合,提升思维能力学生在构造思维导图的过程中,对思维导图节点的增加或对概念结构的修改都体现了学习者个性化的、主动的信息加T和知识构建过程。思维导图把大脑中的隐性知识显性化,以图的直观性特征对当前的新知识内容加以定向和引导,使学习者看到新旧知识之间的联系,并从与旧知识实质性联系中找到同化、吸收当前新知识的固着点,从而有助于促进新旧知识结构的整合。实现新知识的内化和思维能力的提升。
3.创设有意义的学习环境,实现协作学习“进行实时双向言语互动(即言语交际)是掌握听说能力的充分必要条件”,外语教学必须“以言语交际为中心”。创设意义情境。进行协作交际是英语课堂教学必不可少的环节。思维导图围绕中心主题展开分支,呈现语言交际的情境,引导学生进行发散思维,使学生不仅有话可说。且知道从何说起。因此,教师可以运用思维导图提供师生对话或生生对话的支架,也可以尝试让学生通过同桌、小组合作,相互启发,创作思维导图并进行表演。培养学生的协作交流能力。4.提高综合信息的能力,激发联想与创意,有利于创造力的培养思维导图将各种零散的智慧、观点等融会贯通成为一个系统,允许学生自由联想,不像传统教育那样,要求遵循从概念到概念的“线形思维”。而是按照大脑思维的结构进行放射性的“网状思维”。这就极大地激发了学生的想象力和创造力。
5.促使学生形成系统学习和思维的习惯,提高元认知技能我们知道元认知是对认知的认知,具体说就是学习者对自己认知过程的自觉意识。是根据对自己所用认知加工策略效验的不断监测来选择、评价与修正认知策略的能力。思维导图能帮助提高元认知学习技能,如记笔记、理解课文、组织作文、准备考试等。
二、研究对象及步骤: 研究对象:闽宁学区五、六年级学生 研究步骤:
本课题研究时间预期为半年。(2018年12月—2019年6月)1.准备阶段(2018.12):申报课题,确定研究思路,搜集有关资料,进行理论学习,起草研究方案。
2.实施阶段(2019.03-2019.06):开展研究,积累过程性资料,不断反思,定期进行阶段性总结,撰写研究论文。3.总结阶段(2019.06):完善资料,撰写结题报告。
四、研究过程与方法: 1.研究方法:(1)理论学习法:深入学习思维导图相关理论;并注意搜集与本课题有关的资料,通过查阅文献、上网搜集等方式,尽可能占有较多的研究资料,领略其文章精髓。
(2)问卷调查法:通过问卷调查,了解学校英语课堂教学的现状并分析其形成原因,不断探究改革课堂教学的策略。
(3)行动研究法:通过自身的教学实践和同行教师的教学实践来研究思维导图在小学英语课堂中的运用策略。2.研究过程:
(1)第一阶段:主要加强了自身理论素养的积淀,理清了思维导图的精髓。思维导图是放射性思维的表达方式,因此也是人类思维的自然功能。它是一种非常有用的图形技术,是打开大脑潜能的万用钥匙。思维导图可以用于生活的各个方面,其改进后的学习能力和清晰的思维方式会改善人的行为表现”。形象地说,思维导图就是围绕一个中心主题,从中央主干向四周放射关联的分支,并用关键词或图形对分支进行标识,再充分利用色彩和字体的变化将思维的过程和结果可视化。这一思维工具虽然看起来非常简单,但是作为一种学习策略,是符合人类大脑思维方式的,是一种使大脑的思维过程可视化的工具。思维导图的核心就是把形象思维与抽象思维很好地结合起来,将你的思维痕迹用图画和线条形成发散性的结构。
(2)第二阶段:主要从利用思维导图激发学生学习兴趣以及思维导图在词汇教学等方面的运用研究。(3)第三阶段:主要从利用思维导图发展学生记忆力以及思维导图在读写教学等方面的运用研究。
五、实施策略: 1.以思维导图激发兴趣
兴趣是最好的老师,兴趣对人的实践活动起着积极的作用,特别是对学生的学习起着推动作用,是学生学习积极性中的一个最活跃、最积极的心理因素。思维导图是儿童喜闻乐见的形式,与儿童的心态很接近,儿童对世间事物的天生夸张、取舍能力与漫画的造型要求不谋而合。在教学过程中,思维导图通过图画的方式引导思考,在表现形式上就可以吸引孩子的注意力。如在小学英语教学中,我们可将思维导图运用于单词教学,使呆板无聊的文字一下子“活”了起来,给学生一种近在眼前的“立体感”。思维导图可以明显改善学生对语言材料的感知,减少用汉语语言文字解释英文词汇的繁琐,学生也可以脱离母语的依赖,而对所学单词的词义一目了然。2.以思维导图增强记忆
思维导图将人类不同智能串联起来,在不同智能之间形成有联系的、可联想的记忆链条,这让孩子在记忆某些东西时很容易由此及彼产生联想,其记忆效果远比死记硬背要好得多。在语言学习的输出阶段,信息提取扮演着一个非常重要的角色,它在很大程度上取决于信息储存的形式及线索。提取线索与记忆痕迹越接近,提取便越有效。在这方面,思维导图能够起到绝佳的效果,因为用它协助学习时,图中的关键词、图画、连线等都为信息提取提供了很好的线索。这也加速了将语言知识内化的过程,增大了自动化输出的机会。3.以思维导图提升能力
课堂上教师引导学生运用自己学过的知识进行话题作文,不仅有利于培养学生的语言表达能力(包括说和写),而且有利于培养学生总结运用知识点的能力。例如,就自己熟悉的话题“My weekend plan”。进行课堂话题作文,可以的思维导图进行思考和描述,提高学生写作技巧。思维导图是围绕一个中心将大脑中产生的思想以网状图形记录下来的思维模式,英语写作教学中运用思维导图可分以下五个步骤进行,这种方法能有效地帮助学生提高写作技巧,使其文章结构更加清晰合理。(1)让学生自己选定一个话题。(2)让学生闭目一到二分钟,围绕话题自由想象,把相关要点记下来,英文不会写的用中文代替。然后分小组讨论,由小组拿出由集体修改后的思维导图。(3)教师将学生作品通过展台展示,学生进一步修改;不了解思维导图原理的学生可获得直观的学习机会。(4)学生尝试把思维导图作一线性的连贯陈述,确定最佳陈述顺序。(5)动笔写作。
五、研究成效:
(1)学生方面:通过此项课题研究,不断激发了学生对英语学习的兴趣,培养了学生自主学习及课堂积极思维的能力。教师引导学生通过画思维导图中画图的方式来表达信息,大大加深了学生对学习材料的深加工,进而增强了学生将其纳入长期记忆的可能性。另一方面,画图过程中形成清晰的思维链条,促使学生总结运用知识点的能力。(2)教师方面:通过此项课题研究,不断提升了自身对思维导图理论的理解,探究出了思维导图在词汇、篇章、作文等教学中的方法,不断提高了课堂教学效率。
六、研究问题与反思:
(1)问题:在研究过程中,我们发现由于部分学生自觉性差,故在思维导图运用中存在着低效现象,英语成绩没有明显进步。(2)反思:针对这种现状,作为一名英语老师应该充分根据学生特点,不断改革思维导图的运用方法,以此全面提升学生的英语成绩。参考文献:
【1】吉桂凤,思维导图与小学英语教学.—北京:教育科学出版社,2015.2(2017.5重印)【2】英语课程标准
托尼·巴赞。思维导图——放射性思维(第二版)【M】。北京:世界图书出版社。2004.【3】欧阳苹果,陈清。思维导图在小学英语教学中的作用U】。湖南第一师范学报,2008,(3):18—19.【34】陈敏。思维导图及其在英语教学中的应用UJ.外语电化教学,2005,(1):38.【5】何克抗。语觉论与英语教学改革U】_中国电化教育,2004,(12):8.【6】侯冬玲。基于局域网的协作问题解决学习策略研究卟中国远程教育,2001,(9):15.【7】车伟坚,许晓东。概念图与思维导图及其在应用中的异同辨析
第三篇:思维导图在小学英语中的应用
关于思维导图在小学英语课堂教学中的运用探究 摘要:本文分析了思维导图作为教学工具在小学英语课堂教学中应用的优势,并结合一线课题指导实践,通过具体的教学案例探讨了思维导图在复习导入、单词学习、协作交流、话题作文、快速阅读、课堂内容复习等教学环节的操作方法,试图探寻出一条有效开展小学英语课堂教学的实践之路。
关键词:思维导图;小学英语;教学工具;应用
Abstract: this paper analyzes the mind mapping as a teaching tool applied in the primary school English classroom teaching advantages, combined with the subject line to guide practice, through the concrete teaching case a mind map is discussed in the review import, word study, collaboration, communication, topic composition, rapid reading review teaching links such as teaching contents, operation methods, trying to find an effective way for primary school English classroom teaching practice.Key words: mind map;Primary school English;The teaching tool;application Introduction “primary school English new curriculum standard” explicitly pointed out that, teachers should make full use of modern education technology, using computer and multimedia teaching software, explore new teaching mode, improve students study way, improve the learning effect.But how to integrate information technology really effectively integrate elementary school English classroom teaching, improve the efficiency and quality of classroom teaching, is an important topic of the current primary school English teaching research.Literature analysis shows that there are more about mind mapping in the university, high school and junior high school English study, but its study in primary school English level is obviously inadequate.Innovation experiment leap-forward development for the author and the “basic education” program of experiment teachers in the use of mind mapping to promote the primary school English classroom teaching has carried on the continuous exploration, trying to find an effective way for primary school English classroom teaching practice.A, mind mapping profile Mind mapping is a British psychologist Tony Bezen(Tony Buzen)is put forward.He think: radioactive thinking is a kind of new, on the basis of the brain, a senior form of thinking, and a mind map is the natural expression of radioactive thinking form.[11 it is based on the hierarchy and classification of information organization, embarks from the central theme through specific association branch.Branch is identified by an key words or graphics, and make full use of the change of the colors and fonts to radial thought processes and results into visualization tools.“21 mind mapping is the core idea is to use the left brain logic functions, such as words, Numbers, and at the same time using the right color, images, symbols, the function such as spatial awareness, thinking traces with pictures and line form the structure of the divergent, thus the image thinking and abstract thinking very well together.Only use your brain to think about their own language problem can stimulate the brain to the greatest extent of Lenovo and creativity.Compared with manual drawing method, mind mapping tool software has various forms of expression, easy to modify, can use multimedia form, and many other advantages.Commonly used mind mapping tools have Mind Map Editor, Mind Manager, Inspiration Free Mind, Mind Genius, Kid aspiration etc, including Kid aspiration is tailored specifically for children learning, it's in the interface design and graphic library content give full consideration to the cognitive characteristics of children.And equipped with voice prompt in English, is suitable for students learning English.Second, analysis of the advantages of mind mapping as a teaching tool 1.Highlight the key and effective mnemonic, improve the learning efficiency on the one hand, the learners' mind maps mainly focus on the key knowledge points, do not need to waste time on those irrelevant content.Thus save valuable learning time.A mind map, on the other hand, through effective organization and the establishment of the conceptual framework of conceptual meaning to become a powerful mnemonic tools.2.Improve the students' information processing way, to establish reasonable knowledge network, thus promoting the integration of old and new knowledge, improve students thinking ability in the process of construct the mind map, the increase of mind mapping node or the changes of concept structure embodies the information of learners personalized, active T and build process knowledge.The recessive knowledge be made explicit in the brain, mind maps to the visual characteristics of the current new knowledge content orientation and guidance, make the learners see the connection between the old and new knowledge, and found in the substantial contact with old knowledge assimilation and absorption of the current fixation point of new knowledge, thus helping to promote the integration of old and new knowledge structure.New knowledge internalization and thinking ability of ascension.3.Create a meaningful learning environment, the realization of collaborative learning real-time interactive two-way words ”(that is, verbal communication)is sufficient and necessary conditions“ to achieve the listening and speaking skills, foreign language teaching must be ”for the center with verbal communication.Create meaningful situation.Collaborate communication is an essential part of English class teaching link.Mind mapping is built around a central theme branch, present language communication situation, guide the student to carry on the divergent thinking, make students not only have words to say.And know where to start.Therefore, the teacher can use a mind map provides the dialogue between teachers and students or multiply the framework of the dialogue, also can try to let the student through the desk mate, group cooperation, mutual inspiration, creative mind map and performances.Develop the students' ability of collaborative communication.4.Improve the ability of comprehensive information, Lenovo and creative, is beneficial to the development of the creative mind map to the wisdom of all kinds of scattered, views achieve mastery through a comprehensive study to become a system, such as allowing students to free association, not like a traditional education, the demands from concept to the concept of “linear thinking”.But according to the structure of the brain thinking for radioactive ”mesh thinking”.It is greatly stimulated the students' imagination and creativity.5.Encourage students to form a system of learning and thinking habits, met cognitive skills we know that met cognition is the cognition of cognition, specifically is learners' consciousness of his own cognitive process.Is based on their cognitive processing strategies used in efficacy of continuous monitoring for selection, evaluation and correction abilities of cognitive strategies.Mind mapping can help improve the met cognitive learning skills, such as taking notes, understand the text and organize the composition, preparing for the examination, etc Three, case description While the content of the 6 a Unit 3 Interesting Holidays in language expression is not lively, and the paper length is longer, caused difficulties to students understand and grasp the article content, but each article basic are on holiday in a Unit of time, the special significance, food, symbols, activities and so on several aspects.If teachers guide students with the help of mind mapping, around the holiday time, special significance, and several aspects, such as food, symbols, activity, extract the main body of the article, through level can make descriptive text clear line and color become no longer dry, effectively reduce the students' reading comprehension difficulties.1 to 6 a Unit 3 as an example, the text about Halloween, the main of the lesson teaching process is as follows:(1)Teachers using PPT to present Halloween related pictures, activate the students mind related background knowledge and life experience.(2)the teacher to ask questions, read around problems.Questions as follows: When is Halloween? According to the is Halloween, special? What kind of holiday is Halloween? What 's the symbol of Halloween? At the same time, the teacher write on the blackboard keywords associated with the above problems, such as Halloween, the When, according to the Special, Symbol, etc., these words just constitutes the central theme of this class mind mapping and first level.(3)Students through independent reading from the text to find the answer to that question.Teachers according to students' answer the relevant key words written on the blackboard, gradually rich mind mapping branch.(4)Students watch about Halloween Flash animation, image, intuitive understanding of the Halloween, master the ghost and witch the significance of these two words.(5)through the animation intuitive perception after Halloween, the students read the text again, try to answer this question: What do people do on Halloween? Students' independent reading the text and communication within the team, and then to report the feedback in the class.Teachers will students answer key words written on the blackboard, complete the mind map details about Halloween activities in the branches.(6)the problem, through physical teachers guide, help students to understand the jackthe background and significance of the lantern;And then let the students read the text in the jackthe method of making the lantern;Then students according to their own understanding of PPT courseware 4 describe the production steps of sentence order;Teachers according to the student record production steps of key words on the blackboard, such as: cut the top off, carve a face, clean out the seeds, put a based inside and light it.(7)students complete the text after reading tasks, teachers will connect the contents of the blackboard with colored chalk, completion of this class of mind mapping(see figure 1).Then, teachers guide students according to the mind map, with the help of the keywords try to describe the Halloween.Figure 1(8)before the end of this lesson, the teacher guides the student to observe blackboard writing content, understand the method of making the mind map in the process of reading, and talking about holiday topic might involve content;Finally, the teacher to the students with the courseware rendered using Mind Manager software to make a mind map, to introduce students to the software and the use of simple method, suggest students to try.2.On Halloween, the learning process of a class, the students in the teacher's demonstration and explanation based on have a preliminary understanding on mind mapping.The second passage in this unit of Thanksgiving lesson study, teachers guide students to independent mind map drawing, straightening out the article context.The following is the author in two classes have two class teaching situation.(1)The first class teaching situation(1)At the beginning of class, the teacher guides the student to review through question-and-answer activity associated with Halloween content, and according to the student's answer will be the main content of the Halloween present in the form of a mind map on the blackboard.Then, students refer to teacher blackboard writing, according to their own understanding of the text, finishing their Halloween, mind mapping, and on the basis of repeat or recite the text.Most students in blackboard writing, according to your own logical mind maps clearly to retell the text, but has the certain difficulty to recite.(2)Teachers will mind map on the blackboard of Halloween, the term replacement for Thanksgiving, Thanksgiving and teaching words;Then, the students read the text of Thanksgiving, reference Halloween, mind mapping, will own a preliminary understanding of the text structure and content in the form of a mind map display.In the process of students' reading and drawing, inspect the class teachers, and to give guidance to the individual who have difficulty.In order to reduce the difficulty of learning, the teacher in the blackboard writing has kept the general framework of the mind map, but you can prompt students innovation or improvement.Because this is the first time the student independent draw a mind map after reading an article, time consuming, nearly half of the students can't complete.Some students content understanding and structure analysis of difficulties, cannot be accurately in the mind map to use keywords.(3)Use of images, physical objects, such as multimedia courseware to help students learn the new words, to solve the mind map content understanding in the process of production is difficult, for the next class repeat clears the language barrier.(4)Homework, class students to finish their mind map and be perfected.Listen to the tape and read the text after home, next time related resources of their own mind map about Thanksgiving.(2)For the adjustment of the first class teaching process and teaching effect 10 minutes of break time using the class recess, the author of the first class to reflect on the teaching conditions, teaching steps in the next class to do the appropriate adjustment.In the review stage of the teaching, considering the time factor, the teacher not to let the students finish their Halloween, mind mapping, and just stay in the oral review level, the effect not beautiful.After adjustment, the teacher first through the mind map, blackboard writing, present Halloween reference mind mapping, and then students try to retell or recite Halloween related content, this adjustment will help students understand mind mapping in understanding, analysis, and the auxiliary function of memory, the text, etc.From after the adjustment of classroom teaching practice, the change to save some time, but the review retelling of the link is more, make the time slightly nervous of behind.After a preliminary reading for the text of Thanksgiving, nearly half of the students failed to complete the mind map, nearly one third of the students can begin to try to retell it.(3)The second class teaching situation(1)at the beginning of class, I let the students take out their own drawing in the last lesson Thanksgiving mind mapping, voluntary under the physical projection display, and refer to Thanksgiving of the related contents of introduction of mind mapping.Out the author's expectation, student reaction to this activity is cold, only 2 ~ 3 students to actively participate in.Thankfully, only participate in the display of three students work better, and can repeat the full text, the other students to express their appreciation and surprised they show the work.According to the reaction of the students, the author has carried on the reflection after class, the analysis is probably the most students to the text also is not very familiar with, can't read or don't say the individual words in the text, so can't show in the class.(2)the author to student A's works as an example, to explain in detail the method of making the mind map, and organize the students in the class again within the scope of full text analysis in the form of questions and answers, and blackboard writing to present this lesson mind mapping framework, especially improve the Symbol introduced in Turkey part of physical characteristics.Figure 2 for the students in the first class hour finishing the first draft of A:
Figure 2(3)Students continue to improve their mind map, and from the text involves three parts of a part of the practice narrative refer to make your own mind map.Activities of the steps as follows: exercise itselfteacher checks.Assignments, students are consciously to participate in the text, study and improve their mind map, or two people sharing, or teachers, please check.Nearly four 5 of the students can complete the mind map, and can refer to the main content of mind mapping to retell the text.The author found some problems in student activities.For example, some students way of thinking of problems in the mind map.There are two main reasons why: one is the method of making the students to mind mapping also does not very understand, the second is students can't clearly analysis the structure of the text., as most students retelling is in accordance with order to recite the text, mainly because the students understanding of meaning and purpose of mind map production is not clear, can't really make good use of it.The author also observed that nearly one 5 of the students still can't complete the mind map, there may be three reasons: one is the part of students knowledge base is weak, the second is they don't read the text, the third is they don't make a mind map.(4)Students after-school practice independently, and then in the kernel of the whole class the answer.(5)Homework.The homework of this class include two parts: one is to listen to the tape to read the text;2 it is to continue to sorting, perfect the mind map about Thanksgiving, and according to the mind map to retell the text.Figure 3 is A student.A modified mind maps:
Figure 3(4)Adjustment of the second class teaching process and teaching effect After 10 minutes, the author is of the same teaching content in the second class and conducted a classroom teaching practice, teaching methods and steps with the first class is roughly same, aiming at the problems appeared in the process of the first class teaching quickly made a reflection, and the appropriate adjustments.Through reflection and analysis found that the first class in the review phase cool response may be the cause of the students are not familiar with the text, may also can't read also can't say the word, and due to fear of error can't show in the class.In the second class teaching, the author to lead the students to read the text first 1 ~ 2 times, to help students fully familiar with the text content, vocabulary barrier for subsequent repeat activities;Then, review the last lesson content, both teachers and students and teachers on the blackboard writing from the central theme of Thanksgiving mind mapping and backbone.From the point of the effect of classroom practice, increase the reading part, after the student participation in the subsequent activities and completion are better than the first class.Four, enlightenment and thinking Does the mind mapping in the reading teaching how to use? Is given priority to with students' autonomous learning in the new teaching, or arrange part use review after class? The subsequent four passage in this unit and the second semester, another about the festival of unit teaching, to continue the practice of mind mapping and research, found some proper use mind mapping to improve the effectiveness of the method in reading teaching.1.In the reading much longer and more new words, complex structure and hierarchical, or not too clear, first by the teacher presents the mind map, full text summary to introduce the effect, help students to understand the articles;Then, according to the central theme and the main questions, students with questions part, hierarchical reading, highlight the focus and attention to detail, to deepen understanding;After reading, can let students sharing and communication within the team, at this time the teacher use mind maps to present the answer in the multimedia courseware of keywords, help students combing knowledge;Finally, the teacher guides the student according to clew to retell the text content of mind mapping.Considering the class time is limited, and the length and difficulty of the text, teachers can encourage students to choose their interested in part to retell or description.2.The length is moderate, less words, structure and clear text reading teaching, the level of the learning process mainly for students' independent reading and making a mind map is given priority to.In this process, the teachers only play the role of inspiration and help.Activities should include three levels:(1)Reading preparation In order to help students smoothly and accurately understand the text, and draw out of mind mapping, the teacher should be around in front of the students to read the previous lessons or the content of the same topic, assisted by a mind map to review, again, to help students familiar with finishing and draw the text basic ideas and methods of the mind map.(2)And exchanges, deepen understanding Students according to their own understanding of the text after the mind map of production activities, namely the fight in the class to share and exchange activities.In this activity, the teacher can help students deepen understanding, adjust the mind mapping framework and structure, and complete the main knowledge teaching.These activities can be: teacher questions, students according to their own mind mapping vie to answer first and complementary;Students according to their own mind mapping is put forward and the text related problem, other students answer.In order to increase the fun, all of these activities can be used in a team competition.(3)To review the consolidated, and language output Students according to their own mind map to retell the text, you can repeat the full text, can repeat fragment, according to their ability and interest in retelling.Five, the conclusion In English reading teaching in the elementary school higher grades using mind mapping can stimulate students' interest in learning, to improve the students' comprehension, summary, analysis and finishing ability and memory, and repeat ability has significant help, in the development of students' thinking and improve the classroom efficiency at the same time.At present, the application of mind map in the primary school English teaching is not common, there are many difficulties, but if can adhere to the practice and research, constantly changing the methods of teaching the use of mind mapping, mind map will be promising in English reading teaching in the elementary school higher grades.
第四篇:思维导图在高职高专课堂教学中的应用
思维导图在高职高专课堂教学中的应用
摘 要:本文主要论述了思维导图的内涵、绘制方法及其在高职高专课堂教学中的应用。作为新的教学工具,思维导图在我国高等职业教育教学改革中起到积极作用。将思维导图引入课堂教学,即培养了学生的发散性思维和创造性思维,提高了学生的学习效率,又提高了课堂教学质量,值得在高职高专院校课堂教学中广泛推广应用。
关键词:思维导图;高职高专;课堂教学;应用
随着我国高等教育进入大众化时代,高职高专院校毕业生就业压力不断加大,提升教学和人才培养质量已经成为高职高专院校改革发展最核心最紧迫的重要任务。如何在高职高专课堂教学中培养学生的创新意识,提高学生解决实际问题的能力和就业能力,已成为高职高专院校教学改革的重要内容。思维导图是表达发射性思维的有效的图形思维工具,被誉为21世纪全球性的思维工具,在国外被广泛应用于阅读、记忆、激发联想与创意、项目规划与管理、会议、谈判等日常生活、学习和工作的各个领域。自上世纪90年代传入我国以来,思维导图在教育领域引起了强烈反响,并在教学实践中得到了广泛的应用。本文就思维导图的内涵、绘制方法及其在高职高专院校课堂教学中的应用进展作一综述。
一、思维导图概述
(一)思维导图的内涵
科学研究表明:人类思维呈放射状,进入大脑的每一条信息、每一种感觉、思想或记忆都可作为一个球体表现出来,呈现放射性立体结构。基于大脑的这种工作机理,英国“记忆之父”托尼?巴赞(Tony Busan)于20世纪60年代发明了“思维导图”[1]。它结合了全脑的概念,包括左脑的文字、数字、逻辑、顺序以及右脑的图像、想象、颜色、空间等,运用图文并茂的技巧,把各级主题间的关系用隶属与相关的层级图来表现,把主题关键词与颜色、图像等建立起记忆链接,充分运用左右脑机能,利用记忆、阅读、思维的规律,协助人们在逻辑与想象、科学与艺术之间平衡发展,开启人类大脑的无限潜能。思维导图创始人托尼?巴赞先生认为思维导图主要具有四个基本特征:“(1)问题中心清晰地集中于中央图形上;(2)主题主干作为分支从中央向四周放射;(3)分支由一个关键图形或者由写于线条上的容易产生联想的关键词组成,相对不重要的话题也以分支形式表现,附着在较高层次分支上;(4)其表现形式为树状发散,各分支形成一个连接的结点结构。”
(二)思维导图的绘制方法
思维导图的中心思想是使用可视化的方法将思维过程以放射状图表的形式绘制出来。思维导图的创建比较简单,即可以手工绘制,也可以用思维导图软件制作。思维导图绘制过程中需要注意的问题:(1)主题一定要设在中央;(2)主要的分支不宜过多;(3)用关键词表达分支内容;(4)连接相关的分支,立体化思考,显示彼此关系;(5)可以使用符号、文字、色彩图形等,建立自己的风格,易辨识、易记忆。
目前,流行的思维导图绘制软件有Mindmanager、Mindmapper、XMind和Freemind等。这些软件使用起来都非常简单,并附有详细教程和丰富素材,大大简化了思维导图的创建过程。但手工绘制可以锤炼自己的制作技能、技巧和手法,创造出独具特色的作品。
二、思维导图在高等职业教育课堂教学中的应用
思维导图作为一种辅助记忆和思维工具的推广与应用,给教育带来了积极的影响。国外对于思维导图在教学中的应用研究已经比较成熟,它已成为中小学教学中很常用的一个方法,有着很好的教学效果。经过20多年的摸索和实践,思维导图在我国中小学课程教学中的应用已比较普遍,涉及的学科范围比较广,涵盖了语文、数学、英语、物理、化学、生物、地理等,并取得了很好的教学效果。
近年来,思维导图在高职高专课堂教学中的应用价值研究也逐渐开展,并取得了一定的教学成果。文献报道的课程有英语相关课程(英语阅读、英语泛读等)、计算机相关课程(计算机文化基础课、计算机信息技术、计算机绘图、计算机软件课程等)、医学专业相关课程(病理学、人体解剖学)、药学专业相关课程(药物分析、药剂学)、汽车电工电子技术等。
(一)在英语相关课程课堂教学中的应用
高职学生在英语泛读课堂上经常出现的问题就是无法把注意力集中在手中的阅读材料,阅读速度慢,准确率低;为了可以有效地实施任务型教学和合作学习的要求,潘莉莉[2]在课堂上引入思维导图教学,认为思维导图的特征符合学生大脑的特征,可以有效解决泛读教学中的问题。胡存华[3]将思维导图引入高职高专《英语国家概况》教学的实践中,提高了学生主动参与课堂的积极性,教师体会到了教学相长的乐趣。蒋双华[4]从高职商务英语阅读角度进行思维导图功能的整体解读,探索思维导图在高职商务英语阅读课程教学中的应用方式,认为高职商务英语阅读中采用思维导图的方式,既能活跃课堂又能丰富学生的技能素养,锻炼学生的语言运用能力,培养学生的思维能力与空间想象能力,让学生在英语阅读世界中感受到英语的真实魅力。王力维[5]通过分析思维导图在高职英语课堂上的应用研究,分析了思维导图在教学中学生对授课内容的理解、对问题的思考、对英语知识的记忆及对知识点的应用;结论表明,思维导图的应用可以使英语课堂更加有趣味性和吸引力,提高了教学效果,同时引发了教育工作者对英语教学的新模式的思考,思维导图的应用对探究新的教学模式有启发性的意义。李英洁[6]论述了将思维导图运用到高职院校英语教学中的可行性和重要性,通过案例阐述了思维导图各种实际运用方法,探讨思维导图在巩固英语单词记忆,提高英语写作能力以及巩固知识等方面的作用;从英语教学实践中证明了思维导图能够提高英语课堂教与学的有效性。
(二)在计算机相关课程课堂教学中的应用
张建明[7]分析了高职院校计算机文化基础课在教与学方面的问题,介绍了思维导图理论及其教学优势;结合计算机文化基础课实例,说明了思维导图在辅助教学中的重要作用。刘荣云等[8]在介绍思维导图的概念及理论基础的前提下,结合高职院校Photoshop软件教学探讨了思维导图在软件教学中的应用,发现思维导图有助于提高高职院校软件教学质量。针对艺术类专业高职学生,肖金芳等[9]结合计算机信息技术课程的课堂教学,在合作学习过程中运用思维导图完成学习任务;实践结果表明,思维导图在合作学习过程中,激发了艺术类高职学生的学习积极性,发挥了艺术专业特色,大大提高了教学效果,使信息技术和艺术专业得到了进一步融合。王小芬[10]将思维导图运用于计算机绘图教学中,将抽象繁杂的知识图解为容易被学生理解和操作的思维导图,能有效地改善课堂教学氛围,调动学生的学习主动性和积极性。王向华等[11]在高职IT类专业课程中构建基于思维导图的讨论式教学方式,运用“情境”、“协作”、“会话”和“意义建构”帮助学生构建自己的知识体系。
(三)在医学专业和药学专业相关课程教学中的应用
张黎明[12]探讨了思维导图在高职护理人体解剖教学中应用的效果,将思维导图应用于高职护理人体解剖教学,可有效提高学生的学习成绩和自学能力。刘殷蒙等[13]在高职解剖教学实践中探索思维导图的应用,无论对于提高教师教学水平和教学效率,还是对于课程知识的掌握、发展学生学习能力和思维能力、培养职业技能和职业素质都具有积极的现实意义。孙玉霞[14]通过直观、放射、立体的思维方式将思维导图引入专科病理教学,改变教学策略和教学方法,构建教学内容框架,帮助教师理顺教学思路,激发学生主动学习,发掘学生大脑潜能,提高医学职业素养,培养创新型人才。药物分析是高职高专教育药学专业的一门重要专业课程,王丽丽[15]将思维导图软件引入教学,既能提高教师备课速度,又能显著提高学生学习效率,增进理解和记忆能力;充分体现了“以教师为主导,学生为主体”的教学方式。在新课改教育理念指引下,针对药剂学的特点,江永南等[16]在教学中引入思维导图,全面提升学生对药剂学的总体认识,并对所学内容运用思维导图进行系统总结,构建自己独特的知识体系;同时对实际问题运用思维导图进行分析、判断,以及提交解决办法,最终使思维导图成为学生解决学习、生活和工作问题的有效工具。
(四)在其它课程课堂教学中的应用
王建伟[17]将思维导图运用到高职《汽车电工电子技术》课程的教学实践中,充分调动了学生学习的主动性和参与性,教学质量显著提高。王艳立[18]多次将思维导图应用到宠物养护与疫病防治专业的《宠物美容与护理》课程教学过程中,收到了很好的效果。
三、结语
思维导图作为新兴的教学工具,在高等职业教育教学改革中起到积极作用,它既能够提高教师的教学水平,简化教学步骤,又能够提高学生的归纳和记忆能力,同时还能够增强学生的创新能力,值得在高职高专院校课堂教学中推广尝试。当然,思维导图作为教学工具,在应用中还有很多问题有待我们继续探究,如适用的知识类型和课程类型、教师教学模式和策略等。这些问题的进一步研究必将推进思维导图作为教学工具应用于教学实践的成熟和完善。我们相信,随着教学理念和教学方法的不断创新以及思维导图在教学中的不断运用,思维导图在高等职业教育中的作用将愈发凸显。
参考文献:
[1]托尼?巴赞.思维导图[M].中信出版社,2009,15-61.[2]潘莉莉.思维导图在高职英语泛读教学中的应用[J].产业与科技论坛,2011,10(9):158-159.[3]胡存华.将思维导图引入高职高专《英语国家概况》教学的实践和思考[J].考试周刊,2011,(54):116-117.[4]蒋双华.思维导图在高职商务英语阅读教学中的应用研究[J].教育界,2014,(7):136.[5]王力维.思维导图在高职英语课堂上的应用研究[J].英语广场(下旬刊),2014,(3):103-104.[6]李英洁.思维导图在外语职业学院教学中的实施及意义[J].中国电力教育,2010,(24):205-207.[7]张建明.利用思维导图改进高职计算机文化基础课教学[J].计算机教育,2009,(15):144.[8]刘荣云,赵振佳.思维导图在高职院校计算机软件教学中的具体应用――以Photoshop软件教学为例[J].云南社会主义学院学报,2012,(2):264-265.[9]肖金芳,秦彦彦.思维导图在合作学习中的应用研究――以艺术类高职生计算机信息技术课程为例[J].软件导刊?教育技术,2013,12(12):85-87.[10]王小芬.思维导图在计算机绘图中的应用[J].兰州石化职业技术学院学报,2013,(4):59-61.[11]王向华,张亚军.在高职IT类专业课程中构建基于思维导图的讨论式教学方式[J].中国教育信息化?基础教育,2013,(2):18-19.[12]张黎明,金建明,曹辉.思维导图在高职护理人体解剖教学中的应用[J].卫生职业教育,2013,(22):73-74.[13]刘?⒚桑?邱烈.思维导图在高职解剖教学中的应用[J].重庆医学,2010,39(16):2155-2156.[14]孙玉霞.思维导图引入专科病理教学的实践探索[J].医药前沿,2012,02(1):8.[15]王丽丽,孙世玲,杨俊英等.思维导图软件在药物分析教学中的应用[J].考试:教研版,2012,(12):10,12.[16]江永南,张健泓,王林.思维导图在药剂学教学中的应用[J].科教文汇,2007,(2):57.[17]王建伟.思维导图在高职《汽车电工电子技术》课程教学中的应用[J].太原城市职业技术学院学报,2012,(12):35-36.[18]王艳立.思维导图在高等职业教育教学中的应用[J].辽宁农业职业技术学院学报,2012,14(5):47-49.(作者单位:杭州医学院检验系)
第五篇:思维导图在高中生物课堂教学中的应用
思维导图在高中生物课堂教学中的应用
摘要:在现阶段的高中生物课堂教学中存在很多弊端,导致课堂教学效率和教学质量低下。传统的教学方法以教师讲授为主,忽视了学生的主体性,严重影响学生的创造性思维,使高中生物课堂教学一直处于困境。思维导图作为一种组织性思维工具,有效地结合了全脑的概念,可以将学生发现问题、解决问题和发散想象的思路和过程合理配置、有效表达出来,优化高中生物课堂教学。关键词:思维导图 高中生物教学 应用中图分类号: G633.91
文献标识码: C
文章编号:1672-1578(2014)01-0142-01
思维导图是一种综合了全脑概念的全新思维模式,将人类左脑的逻辑、顺序、文字、数字和条例等功能以及右脑的想象、图片、空间和颜色等功能有机结合起来。将思维导图运用到高中生物课堂教学中,有利于提高学生的学习兴趣以及学习的主动性和积极性;有利于培养学生的创造性和发散性思维;更与利于优化高中生物课堂教学,提高教学效率和教学质量。1
思维导图应用于高中生物课堂教学的理论基础1.1基于高中生物课堂教学现状的思考
培养学生的主体性是新课程标准对教师课堂教学的新要求。传统的课堂教学以教师讲授为主,学生被动地接受知识,使得课堂教学气氛严肃,且严重影响课堂教学效率及教学质量。而现代课堂教学明确要求学生是学习的主体,要求学生在教师的指导下进行自主学习、探究学习与合作学习,全面调动课堂气氛,激发学生学习的主动性和积极性,培养学生主动求知和积极进取的精神。1.2思维导图的启发及其对高中生物教学的作用
思维导图是一种帮助学习和课堂教学的好方法,它可以将思维过程与学习过程有机结合起来,使杂乱无章的知识体系变得简明有序。在高中生物课堂中运用思维导图,对于激发学生学习兴趣,提高学生学习成绩以及培养学生的发散性思维都有重要作用。此外,思维导图还有利于提高教师的备课效率,优化课堂教学内容的展示,优化笔记的形式,提高学生的发散思维水平,充分利用全脑思维,使学生大脑的创造潜能得到最大程度的发挥。思维导图有利于在学生的头脑之中形成一张庞大的知识网,提高学生思维的广度和深度,经过持久的训练,使学生的发散性和创造性思维得到极大提升。2
思维导图应用于高中生物课堂教学的方法策略2.1指导学生用思维导图作笔记
在高中生物学习过程中,做好课堂笔记是提高学习成绩的重要手段。记课堂笔记有利于稳定学生听课的注意力,有利于学生加强对学习内容的理解,更有助于学生对知识体系的记忆和复习。用思维导图作笔记最大的特点是充分运用各种有助于视觉和想象的视觉元素,例如线条、数字、颜色等。这样不仅节省了做笔记的时间,并能够改善学生的记忆力,有效提升学生的创造力。思维导图是发散性思维的具体化、形象化的体现形式,而发散性思维又是创新性思维的核心,所以,有效利用思维导图,可以激发学生的创新性和创造力,指导学生学思结合,促进学生对知识结构和体系的全面把握,是提高学习成绩的有效方法。2.2复习课中运用思维导图构建知识网络
高中生物课的复习是通过特定的课堂教学活动使学生对已经学习过的知识进行巩固和深化的,构建知识网络是重要手段。高中生物复习课的课堂教学一定要注意教学形式和教学手段的多样性,引导学生自主梳理和归纳知识点,形成系统化、结构化的知识体系。通过思维导图对高中生物课知识体系进行构建,就是运用节点和连线把由中心主题辐射出来的各个知识点有机联系起来,形成由知识点到知识块,由知识块到知识网的框架体系,对学习的课程进行有效的资源整合,使学生更加便捷和高效地展开复习。2.3在课堂讨论中运用思维导图
在当前的高中生物课堂教学中,学生分小组针对某些具体问题进行讨论已经成为生物教学过程中的普遍形式。但是,小组交流也存在很多弊端,比如很多成绩差的同学在交流讨论的过程中通常仅充当听众的角色,很少有发表见解的机会;有时小组讨论还会使课堂秩序混乱,小组成员之间因为意见不合而发生争执等。在课堂讨论过程中有效运用思维导图是防止课堂秩序混乱、提高学习效率的重要途径。在小组交流和讨论的过程中,可选一人充当记录者的角色,把讨论过程中各个同学的观点和意见以思维导图的形式记录下来,大家围绕这一图解,可以很明确地看出问题讨论的焦点,围绕这一焦点展开讨论,可有效避免跑题等现象的出现。各种观点都通过一定的关系和联系体现在这一张图上,脉络清晰,有助于在讨论之后及时形成各个同学普遍接受的决议,从而准确而迅速地贯彻讨论结果。3
结语
随着新课改的推行,现行的高中生物课堂教学已经与思维导图巧妙结合起来。思维导图有助于培养学生的发散性和创造性思维,符合高中生喜欢张扬个性的心理年龄特点,能够激发学生学习兴趣,提高学生学习的自主性,有效促进学生学习成绩的提升。思维导图运用左脑加右脑的全脑思考模式,有利于充分激发学生大脑的潜能,促进大脑平衡协调发展,提高思维的流畅性。所以,在高中生物课堂教学中运用思维导图是十分必要的。参考文献:[1]石向东.运用思维导图优化思想政治课教学[J].基础教育研究,2011(06).[2]王光荣,高世霞.思维导图及其在化学复习中的应用[J].化学教学,2012(11).[3]陈敏.思维导图及其在英语教学中的应用[J].外语电化教学,2013(01).作者简介:张智勇(1974-),男,籍贯:贵州织金;学历:大学本科;职务:高中生物教师;研究方向:高中生物教学。