第一篇:英语毕业论文注释与参考文献格式要点
注释与参考文献格式要点
1.注释格式要点 1.1夹注 In-text Citations 转述、阐释、总结他人主要观点、引用某些引文或所依据的文献无须详细注释者,以夹注的形式随文在括号内注明。夹注与“参考文献”结合,形成一种方便、快捷说明引用出处的注释形式。夹注的构成形式有以下几种情况:
来自英语文章、专著的直接引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现: 格式:出版年份:页码
例:
Rees said, “As key aspects of „in the process”(1986:241), „
2)来自英语文章、专著的直接引语,作者姓名在文中没有出现:
格式:作者姓,出版年份:页码
例: The underlying assumption is that language is “bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways”(Elli, 1968: 3).3)来自英语文章、专著的间接引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现:
格式:出版年份:引文页码
例:According to Alun Rees(1986:234)〔夹注直接放在被引者后面〕, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation.According to Alun Rees,the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation(1986:234).〔夹注也可以位于引语的最后〕 4)来自英语文章、专著的间接引语,作者姓名在文中没有提到: 格式:作者姓,出版年份:引文页码
例:It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance(Robertson, 1987: 136).5)来自汉语文章、专著,间接引用,作者姓名在文中已经出现: 格式:作者姓名拼音+夹注(出版年份:引文页码)
例:Wang Datong(2002:111, 2005:191)believed that„;
6)来自汉语的文章、专著,间接引用,作者姓名在文中没有出现: 格式:作者姓名拼音,出版年份:引文页码
例:It has been found that these learners confuse the uses of passives and unaccusatives in their interlanguage(Wilson, 2005:211;Zhang Shan, 2003:19)7)引自互联网文献
引用网络资料时如网页上标有页码,基本格式与上述同;如无页码,标段落(par 或pars)。例:
Therefore, as Fang Wenli argues, in the English class, we don’t have to completely copy the ideal and natural language acquisition environment(Fang Wenli, 2005: pars 9-11).8)对引语文字的更改
直接引语如出现在正文中间,使用引语的句子不得违反英语语法,不得出现“句中句”。为了使含直接引语的句子合乎语法,往往有必要对引语的文字作一定的更改。如果要删除引语中个别词句,可以用省略号(ellipses“„”)取代删除的词句。如果要加入或者更改个别单词或者词组,则可以将需要加入或者更改的单词或词组放在方括号(square brackets“[ ]”)以内。例如: 删除词句: He stated, “The ‘placebo effect,’...disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner”(Smith, 1982:76), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied.添加词组:
Smith(1982:276)found that “the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when *his own and others’+ behaviors were studied in this manner.”
(无论删改还是添加字词均不得变更引语的原意。
(注意:如果删除是在句内,应该空一格以后再加省略号。如果删除是在一句整句以后,则应在该整句最后的标点(句号、问号或惊叹号)不空格直接加省略号。省略号应该用三个句点。综合例子:
Recently, the history of warfare has been significantly revised by critics(Higonnet et al.,1987: 334-35)to include women’s personal and cultural responses to battle and its resultant traumatic effects.Feminist researchers now concur that “It is no longer true to claim that women's responses to the war have been ignored”(Raitt & Tate, 1997:2).Though these studies focus solely on women's experiences, they err by collectively perpetuating the masculine-centered impressions originating in Fussell(1975)and Bergonzi(1996).However, Tylee further criticizes Fussell, arguing that his study “treated memory and culture as if they belonged to a sphere beyond the existence of individuals or the control of institutions”(1990:6).Similar critique comes from scholars in mainland China(Wang Datong, 2002:111;Zhang Shan 2005:19;Li Shi,2005:par 6).1.2脚注 Footnotes(尾注 Endnotes)
脚注(和尾注)主要用于:对有关问题、论点做补充说明;提供有一定重要性、但写入正文将有损文本条理和逻辑的解释性信息;提供因篇幅过大不宜使用括号夹注注明的文献出处信息;等。用英语撰写的论文,如需要夹注以外的注释说明,本实施细则要求统一采用当页脚注形式。具体要求:打开word“脚注与尾注”功能,“编号格式”选择带圈数字(①②③„);“编号方式”选择“每页重新编号”,其余按照word软件默认的格式。2.参考文献格式要点 2.1参考文献 References
如本小节开头所言,夹注中出现的所有引用文献必须与论文最后的参考文献中的具体条目,如作者、时间等形成一一对应关系,才能形成符合学术规范的注释体系。参考文献里的条目必须实事求是列出,即所列出的每一项必须是在正文中直接或间接引用过的,不允许罗列未在论文夹注中出现过的所谓参考文献!例如:
Katan, David.2004.Translating Cultures: An Introduction for Translators, Interpreters and Mediators.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Educational Press.参考文献中出现以上条目时,正文中就应该有类似如下的含有(David)Katan信息的引用(学生和指导教师都可以用word “查找”功能验证):
The concept of “culture” is something we intuitively know but rarely care to define;this is because, as David Katan puts it, culture is a “notoriously difficult” word that defies definition(2004:16).2.2 英文参考文献的排列规范 2.2.1 著作类文献: 1).专著 基本格式:
作者的姓,名.年份.书名(要斜体).出版地:出版商.例:
Chomsky, N.1981a.Lectures on government and binding.Dordrecht: Foris.Chomsky, N.1981b.Theory of markedness in generative grammar.Pisa, Italy: Scuola Normale Superiore.[注意:例子中的1981a 和1981b指一篇论文中同时引用了同一作者两本以上同年出版的参考书,请勿乱从他人的参考书目中生搬硬套;如果论文只引用该作者的一本书,则不要做a,b,c 之类的标示。一个文献条目如有第二行,则须缩进4个英文字符。注意每个信息间的标点符号,输入时注意中英文输入法的切换。)2).编著 基本格式:
作者的姓,名,ed.年份.书名(要斜体).出版地:出版商.例:Hall, David, ed.1981.The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes.New York: OUP.Hall,David & Julia Mess, eds.1981.„(两位以上主编,用eds.在“&”后的第二位主编/作者按“名前姓后”顺序)
Hall,David, et.al., eds.1981.„(多位主编,用et al.)3).机构作者
(格式:各项信息的排列顺序基本同上):
例:American library association.1983.Intellectual freedom manual.2nd ed.Chicago: ALA.4).翻译著作(格式:各项信息的排列顺序基本同上):
例:Calvino, Ian.1986.The uses of literature.P.Creagh Trans.San Diego: Harcourt.2.2.2 期刊类文献: 期刊文章
基本格式(注意标点符号):
作者的姓,名.年份.篇名.刊名(要斜体)刊物的卷号(刊名与卷号之间不用标点,空一格,此为可省项,即原期刊无卷号的就不必标出), 期号:文章的起止页码。例: Boling, D.1965.The atomization of meaning.Language 3,41:555-73.论文集的文章
基本格式(注意标点符号)
作者姓,名.年份.篇名.In论文集编者姓名.Ed.(两名编者以上用eds)论文集名称(要斜体).出版地:出版商.文章的起止页码。例:
Peters, M & T.B.Stephen.1986.Interaction routines as cultural influences upon language acquisition.In Schieffelin, B.B.& E.Ochs, eds.Language Socialization Across Cultures.Cambridge: CUP, 80-96.(第二个作者/编者用“名前姓后”; University Press可以UP简写替代)【如果论文中所引用的文献为转引的文献,即引用的内容不是直接引自原作者的作品,而是引自其他作者的作品,则须在夹注中以cf.注明,例如:Wilson found that „(cf., Yip 2006:153).;这种情况下出现在论文最后参考文献列表中的应该是Yip的文献,而非Wilson的文献。】 2.2.3 英语论文中引用的汉语文献
如果在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊,文中夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏(见第2.2.1节);相应的,在文章最后的文献列表中把它们集中排列在英语参考文献之后,而且各参考文献必须按作者姓氏汉语拼音的字母顺序排列,但条目中凡正文中未加引用的内容均不必翻译。例:
Wang, Chuming [王初明],2000,以写促学:一项英语写作教学改革的试验,《外语教学与研究》,3:230-236。Wen, Qiufang [文秋芳],2003,《英语学习者的成功之路》。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
〔注意:引用中英文期刊或论文集的文章,在文献列表中必须标明文章出现的页码;引用著作的页码则在文中夹注中标明即可,下同〕
2.3 汉语参考文献
2.3.1.著作类文献(专著、编著、未公开出版的硕士、博士论文)基本格式(注意标点符号):作者姓,名拼音 [汉语],年份,《书名》。出版地:出版者(或者硕士/博士论文,所在大学)。例: Hu, Zhuangling [胡壮麟],2001,《语言学教程》。北京:北京大学出版社。Li, San [李三],2003,《美国文学简史》。北京:人民文学出版社。Xue, Kede [薛坷德],2004,《汉语非宾格动词习得研究》。博士论文,广东外语外 贸大学。
(拼音用Times New Roman字体,拼音姓与名之间的标点符号用Times New Roman字体逗号,拼音与[汉语]之间空一格字符,汉字间的逗号用宋体逗号)2.3.2期刊类文献: 期刊文章
基本格式(注意标点符号):作者姓名,年份,篇名,《刊名》,刊物的卷号(可省项)和期号:文章的起止页码。例:
Chang, Liang [常亮],1993,关于英语的偏离否定,《外国语文》,4: 44-50。Long, Yanchun [龙艳春],2005,任务型课堂教学活动的设计,《基础英语教育》,7:45-48。论文集文章:
基本格式(注意标点符号):作者姓名,年份,篇名。载论文集编者姓名,《论文集名称》,出版地: 出版商,文章的起止页码。例:
Zhu, Jongqiang [朱炯强],Lu, Ping [陆萍],2004, 论西格尔及其爱情小说。载郭继德主编,《美国文学研究第二辑》,济南:山东大学出版社,92-104。
(两位汉语作者在参考文献中的排列方式与英文作者不同,如:Zhu, Jongqiang [朱炯强],Lu, Ping [陆萍],„„在夹注中则是:Zhu Jongqiang,Lu Ping,年份:页码)2.4互联网资料:按英文字母顺序置于参考文献最后 基本格式:
(作者的姓,名).网页上传、更新年份.书名或篇名.Retrieved 下载月日,年份,from 网址.注意:书名、杂志和期刊名要斜体,篇名不要斜体。没有标明作者的网络文章用“anonymity”(佚名),如引用同一作者同一年多篇佚名文章且语言相同,在时间后面加 a, b, c, 以示区别。例:
(引自电子书籍:
Bryant, P.1999.Biodiversity and Conservation.Retrieved October 4, 1999, from http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/bio65/Titlpage.htm(引自电子期刊:
Fine, M., & Kurdek, L.A.1993.Reflections on determining authorship credit and authorship order on faculty-student collaborations.American Psychologist, 48,1141-1147.Retrieved June 7, 1999, from http://www.xiexiebang.com/english/bkpg/szdw.doc。2.5 其它资料
2.5.1 电脑软件
基本格式:制作人姓, 名./姓名,年份.软件名称.型号.2.5.2电影、电视、广播、录像、录音、艺术品等:
基本格式:片名(或节目名).年份或播出日期).导演(或制作者)姓名.出品地(或播出台、地).【论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序:先英语文献后汉语文献(网络文献最后),各类文献以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序排列,不用单独加序号或编号。文献最后也不要列出文献的分类标志,如[M],[C];字体要求:参考文献题头References用3号“Times New Roman”加粗;汉语文献用宋体5号,英语文献、拼音用5号“Times New Roman”;1.5倍行距,不加粗】
2.6参考文献排列其他注意事项
2.6.1同一作者的多篇文献或者同一批排序相同的作者的多篇文献应该按出版次序,由远及近排列,如:
Wegener, D.T., & R.E.Petty.1994.Mood management across affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66: 1034-1048.Wegener, D.T., & R.E.Petty.1995.Flexible correction processes in social judgment: The role of naive theories in corrections for perceived bias.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68:36-51.2.6.2如果同一作者既是一篇文献的独立作者,又是另一篇文献的第一作者,则独立作者的文献应列在第一作者的文献前面,如:
Berndt, T.J.2002.Friendship quality and social development.Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11: 7-10.Berndt, T.J., & K.Keefe.1995.Friends’ influence on adolescents' adjustment to school.Child Development, 66:1312-1329.2.6.3 如果不同文献有相同的第一作者,但其余作者不尽相同,则条目按第二作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如果第二作者也相同,则按第三作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。例如:
Wegener, D.T., Kerr, N.L., Fleming, M.A., & R.E.Petty.2000.Flexible corrections of juror judgments: Implications for jury instructions.Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 6:629-654.Wegener, D.T., Petty, R.E., & D.J.Klein.1994.Effects of mood on high elaboration attitude change: The mediating role of likelihood judgments.European Journal of Social Psychology, 24:25-43.
第二篇:英语本科毕业论文注释、文献与致谢样本
四川大学本科毕业论文
《喜福会》中的中国文化背景分析
Notes
(1)The three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife.The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, knowledge and sincerity.(2)Lao Tzu: The founder of Taoism.Born in the State of Zhou in the Spring and Autumn Period, he worked for some time in the Zhou government.He was searching for a way that would avoid the constant feudal warfare and other conflicts that disrupted society during his lifetime.The result was his book: Tao-te-Ching, which contains about 5,000 words on dao and de, or the way and its functions.Others believe that he was a mythical character.(3)John King Fairbank: A Francis Lee Higginson Professor of History at Harvard University and director of the East Asian Research Centre at Harvard.(4)Wuxing and Fengshui: Wuxing or the Five Elements are: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water.They are the grounding theory for yin-yang balance.The Five Element theory views the Universe and its functioning as being cyclical and interactive.Accordingly, all of the “ten thousand things” within it are interdependent.Fengshui, or geomantic omen, is closely related to Wuxing.The Fengshui theory holds that the location of a house or tomb has an influence on the fortune of a family.Taoists believe good Fengshui could keep the yin-yang balance and could bring fortune.四川大学本科毕业论文
《喜福会》中的中国文化背景分析
Bibliography
Chang, K.C.Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977.Ebrey, Patricia B.Chinese Civilization A Sourcebook.New York: The Free Press, 1993.____ The Cambridge Illustrated History of China.London: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Eng, Kuan Khun.“The Changing Moral Economy of Ancestor Worship in a Chinese Emigrant District.” Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 23(1999): 99-132 Fairbank, John.K & Goldman, Merle.China: A New History.London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.Niu, Weihua & Sternberg, Robert J.“Societal and School Influences on Student Creativity: the Case of China.” Psychology in the School 40(1)2003: 103-114 Tan, Amy.The Joy Luck Club.New York:Ballantine Books,1990.
Tuan, Nien-Tsu & Ryan, Tom.“Is the Wind, or the Flag, Moving? An Oriental Perspective on the Complex Problem.” System Research and Behavioral Science 19(2002): 271-279 Wang, Huarong.“The Bridge of Cultural Understanding in The Joy Luck Club”, Journal of Honghe University 2(2004): 40-43.Wang, Qi & Li, Jin.“Chinese Children’s Self-concepts in the Domains of Learning and Social Relations.” Psychology in the School 40(1)(2003): 85-101.Zhu, Zhichang.“Confucianism in Action: Recent Developments in Oriental Systems Methodology.” System Research and Behavioral Science 15(1998): 111-130.陈爱敏.当代美国华裔文学的文化关照.文史哲, 2003(4): 116-120.何立群, 吴金平.风水对小说《喜福会》创作的影响.八桂侨刊, 2002(4): 50-52 何立群.五行理论与《喜福会》的成功.暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(3): 74-77 胡勇.文化的乡愁—美国华裔文学的文化认同.北京:中国戏剧出版社,2003. 胡勇.论美国华裔文学中国神话与民间传说的利用.外国文学研究, 2003(6): 87-92 令狐萍.金山谣—美国华裔妇女史.北京.中国社会科学出版社,1999. 潘军武.不可思议的中国人:《喜福会》中的异国情调与东方主义.武汉大学: 2002.彭逢春, 罗婷.从《喜福会》探析谭恩美的文化身份.邵阳学院学报(社会科学版),2004-04(2): 74-76 张瑞华.解读谭恩美《喜福会》中的中国麻将.外国文学评论, 2001(1): 95-100 赵文书.Positioning Contemporary Chinese American Literature in Contested Terrains.南京:南京大学出版社,2004. 四川大学本科毕业论文
《喜福会》中的中国文化背景分析
Net.1: 陈启智.儒家思想与家庭伦理.2006-01-20, http:// Net.3: Tan, Amy.An Interview 2006-1-20
http://www.xiexiebang.com/authors/au-tan-amy.asp 四川大学本科毕业论文
《喜福会》中的中国文化背景分析
(本篇“致谢”仅供参考,非唯一或标准文本)
Acknowledgements
First of all, I would like to express my appreciation to all the teachers at the School(College)of __________, Sichuan University, whose instructions and guidance have made my three/four years at the university a truly rewarding experience.In particular, I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to Prof.___, Prof.___, … and Prof.___, from whose lectures I have profited tremendously over the past few years.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, ____, for all his/her inspiring ideas and kind help throughout the process of my thesis writing.Without his/her helpful suggestions, guidance and patience, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.My thanks also go to my fellow classmates and friends who have rendered me their generous help.I am particularly grateful to my parents for their strong support and deep care given to me during the process of my thesis writing.I am also deeply indebted to the authors mentioned in the bibliography.Their academic researches have given me a great deal of inspiration.It is my pleasure to dedicate this thesis to them all.
第三篇:英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式
英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文
正文中的注释和参考文献是论文格式最为重要的部分,请论文作者逐条仔细阅读。建议先做好参考文献格式,再对照格式要求作夹注。
分脚注和夹注两种。
1)脚注
正文内容如有需作出特别说明或解释之处以脚注的形式处理,编号格式设置为“○1,○2,○3…”,编号方式设置为“每页重新编号”,脚注会自动出现在当页正文下。字体采用默认值(小五号)。
2)夹注
对论文中的直接引用或间接引用部分所依据的文献以夹注的形式标出。夹注可以采用以下几种形式: 作者姓氏未在引文中出现,则夹注用括号标出作者姓氏,空一格字母再标出引文页码。为避免不必要的麻烦,中文作者用全名。
引用一位作者
“Time is no longer felt as an objective, causal progression with clearly marked-out differences between periods…”(Frank 20)
As the British novelist-critic Christine Brooke-Rose has put it, the novelists now have nothing new to tell since what should be told have been told altogether(Yin Qiping 33-35).引用两位作者
Medieval Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in gain”(Townsend & Waugh 10-16).作者有三个以上,则在第一位作者的姓氏后写上et al.以示其余姓氏的省略,或列上全部姓氏,夹注中的形式应与参考文献中的形式保持一致。
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies(Graff et al.19-35).Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies(Graff, Goldberger, & Tarule 15-20).同姓作者
还需加名的开头字母予以区分,如:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children(R.Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration(A.Miller 46).文本中不指名列举持某一观点的作者
Others hold the opposite point of view(e.g., Jakobson 9;Waugh 34)
作者姓氏在引文中出现,则只需用括号标出引文页码
Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States”
(10).如在引文中提及整个文献及作者姓氏(不必夹注,但参考文献中要注明相关出版信息)
Slade’s revision of Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook.集体作者如果组织名称太长,第一次提及时可采用全称后加注缩略
The annual report revealed substantial progress in fundraising(American Museum of Natural History 12, hereafter AMNH).以后直接用缩略形式做夹注
The report surveys the major problems in fundraising(AMNH 15).引用多卷本中的一卷
Between the years 1945 and 1972, the political party system in the United States underwent profound changes(Schlesinger, vol.4).Schlesinger pointed out the profound changes the political party system in the United States underwent between 1945 and 1972(4: 98-104).引文出自同一作者的不同文献
引用同一作者的两篇以上的文献, 可以分别以文献名全名(如果文献全名简短的话)或文献名的缩略形式(如果文献全名较长的话)注释。
文本中未出现引文作者姓氏,也未出现文献名的,夹注用括号标出作者姓氏,姓氏后加逗号,空一格字母标出带下划线的该作者的书名,书名后空一格字母标出引文页码,如:
Shakespeare’s King Lear has been called a “comedy of the grotesque”(Frye, The Anatomy of Criticism 237).文本中出现作者姓氏的,夹注用括号标出带下划线的该作者的书名,空一格字母再标出引文页码,如: Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave”(Errors 79).若引文出自杂志,则把文章名放在双引号内,空一格字母再标出引文页码,如:
Teachers applauded Shaughnessy’s assertion that “teaching them [beginning writers] to write well is not only suitable but challenging work for those who would be teachers and scholars in a democracy”(“Diving In” 68).文本中既出现作者姓氏又出现该作者的书名或文章名,则只需标出引文页码
In The Age of Voltaire, the Durants portray eighteenth-century England as a minor force in the world of music and art(214-48).一个夹注中涉及一篇以上文献
(Lauter 34;Crane 98)
...as has been discussed elsewhere(Burke 3;Dewey 21).转引
Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man”(Johnson qtd.in Boswell 2: 450)
Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man”(qtd.in Boswell 2: 450)
引文来自于中文作者(对“孔子”等已有英文译名的必须使用标准译名,如Confucius 33;Mencius 22-25)(Hu Zhuanglin 33)
(Zhu Xianzhi & Lin Chongde 89)
(Xu Guozhang et al.33-35)
(Confucius 33)
短引文(四行以内或诗歌三行以内)
引文须加双引号,括号内提供作者、页码(诗歌的话提供诗行)信息,标点符号在括号之后。如果问号、感叹号若是引文的一部分,则须放在引言内,否则,也放在括号之后。
According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of personality”(Foulkes 184), though others disagree.According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express “profound aspects of personality”(184).Is it possible that dreams may express “profound aspects of personality”(Foulkes 184)?
诗行与诗行之间用“/”隔开,如:
Cullen concludes, “Of all the things that happened there/ That's all I remember”(11-12).长引文
如果引文较长,超过4行,拟另起一行,不加引号,左边缩进10个英文字母, 夹注紧随引文末尾,句点应放在引用括号之前。
At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him.He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island;great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body.His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island;and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too.(186)
引文为两段或两段以上,或引文来自诗歌,或引文来自剧本,或引文附带译文,详细说明分别参考《MLA科研论文写作规范》82页;83-84页;85页;93页。注意引文来自诗歌等韵文时,可以篇次和行次代替夹注中的页码;引文来自剧本等文献时,以幕次、场次和行次代替页码。
引文中的添加与省略
在添加的词两头加“[ ]”。
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a
point of learning every rumor or tale”(78).在省略的此处用省略号“…”代替,省略号前后各空一字母。
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that “some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale...and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs”(78).词典词条
将词条在双引号中列出,后加 “def.”,空一字母后再加页码。
According to The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, “study” means “application of the mind to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, investigation, or reflection”(“Study,” def.1888).5.关于参考文献
说明:
1)参考文献部分以Times New Roman小四号正体加粗居中标明“Works Cited”列在正文后(或尾注后),另页书写。“Works Cited”与第一个参考文献之间空一行。不得罗列同正文没有直接关系的文献,参考文献条目与引文夹注要对应。外文文献排列在前,以姓氏的首字母为序排列,中文文献排列在后,以姓氏的拼音为序排列。每条文献顶格写,回行时英文空5个字母,中文空两格。
2)建议论文作者多使用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献。引用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献至少2本(篇)以上。
4)主要作者(编者、译者)采用姓在前,名在后的形式,作者姓与名之间用逗号分隔(中文姓名不用分隔);2人以内全部写上,第2 者起姓名按正常顺序,两个主要作者(编者、译者)之间英语的加“&”、中文的加 “、”三个主要作者(编者、译者)以上只写第一人再加“et al.”或“等”(中文)。
5)英文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用斜体,如果图书中包含作品名,作品名使用正体。例如:
Parkes, Adam.Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day.New York & London: Continuum, 2001.6)中文图书等采用汉英对照形式,以便正文中统一按照英文模式(格式同英文文献)做夹注,列中文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用书名号,作者与作者之间用“、”号,英语文献中的句点在中文文献中用宋体字体下的逗号代替、冒号也要是宋体字体下的冒号,且汉字之间或标点与汉字之间没有空格。中文文献的英文模式须加“[ ]”,下面参考文献格式不再赘述。例如:
王守仁、方杰,《英国文学简史》,上海:上海外语教育出版社,2006年。
[Wang Shouren & Fang Jie.A Concise History of English Literature.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006.]
7)除了版本研究(如翻译版本对照研究)之外,不宜将同一本书的英文版本和中文版本同时列为参考文献。英语文学论文作者必须使用所研究作品的英文版本。
8)非单行本短篇小说一般应参照文章格式处理,例如:
Joyce, James.“Araby.” Dubliners.London: Penguin, 1967.转载于
第四篇:外文文献注释规范
外文文献注释规范
引证外文文献,原则上以该文种通行的引证标注方式为准。
引证英文文献的标注项目与顺序与中文相同。责任者与题名间用英文逗号,著作题名为斜体,析出文献题名为正体加英文引号,出版日期为全数字标注,责任方式、卷册、页码等用英文缩略方式;期刊文章题名为正体加英文引号,登载的刊物题名为斜体。
单页为p.79.两页以上为pp.79-90.两个p
示例1:专著
Randolph Starn and Loren Partridge, The Arts of Power: Three Halls of State in Italy, 1300-1600, Berkeley: California University Press, 1992, pp.19-28.示例2: 译著
M.Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, trans.by William Marsden,Hertfordshire: Cumberland House, 1997, pp.55, 88.示例3: 主编
T.H.Aston and C.H.E.Phlipin(eds.), The Brenner Debate.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985, p.35.示例4: 析出文献
R.S.Schfield, “The Impact of Scarcity and Plenty on Population Change in England,” in R.I.Rotberg and T.K.Rabb(eds.), Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Pattern on Societ,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, p.79.示例5: 期刊
Heath B.Chamberlain, “On the Search for Civil Society in China”, Modern China, vol.19, no.2(April 1993), pp.199-215.
第五篇:毕业论文参考文献和注释格式(2012定稿)
毕业论文参考文献和注释的标准格式
一、参考文献的格式(按学校规定)
参考文献类型:
专著 M 论文集 C 报纸文章 N 期刊文章 J 学位论文 D 报告 R 标准 S 专利 P 参考文献用五号宋体,常用参考文献编写项目和顺序规定如下:
1、专著格式示例 :[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[M].出版地:出版社.出版年份:起止页码.如:[1] 广西壮族自治区林业厅.广西自然保护区[M].北京:中国林业出版社.1993:11-18.
2、连续出版物(期刊、报纸)中的析出文献示例:[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名.年.卷(期):起止页码.如:[1] 张旭,张通和,易钟珍等.采用磁过滤MEVVA源制备类金刚石膜研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版).2002.38(4):478-481.
3、学位论文示例:[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[D].出版地:出版者.出版年份:起止页码.如:[1] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集 [D].北京:北京大学数学系研究所.1983:12-16.
4、电子文献示例:[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].[发表或更新日期].电子文献的出处或可获得地址.如:[1] 萧钰.出版业信息化迈入快车道[EB/OL].[2002-04-15].http:∥ .
二、注释的格式(小五号宋体)
注释采用脚注,每一页单独编号,采用①②„„标号。
1、引用专著:作者:《专著名》,XX出版社,XXXX年版,第X-X页。
如:李道揆:《美国政府和美国政治》,中国社会科学出版社,1990年版,第72-74页。
说明:(a)作者姓名后面用冒号;著作名用书名号标出,书名号后加逗号;出版社名称后加逗号;出版年代后加“版”字,再加逗号;页码后用句号。
(b)著作者如系二人,作者姓名之间用顿号分隔,如:xxx、xxx;如系二人以上,可写出第一作者姓名,后面加“等”字省略其他作者,如:xxx等。
(c)著作名如有副标题,则在书名号内以破折号将标题与副标题隔开。如: 陈宝森:《美国经济与政府政策——从罗斯福到里根》,世界知识出版社,1988年版,第124页。
(d)著作如系多卷本,须在书名号后面直接写出引用资料所在的卷数,再加句号。如:徐民:《抗美援朝的历史回顾》上卷,中国广播出版社,1990年版,第5页。
(e)作者为古代的,作者姓名前加(朝代)。如:(汉)司马迁。
2、引用译著:作者:《专著名》,译者姓名,XX出版社,XXXX年版,第X页。如:J.布卢姆等:《美国的历程》,杨国标、张儒林译,商务印书馆,1988年版,第97页。
说明:作者姓名中除姓(family name)外,名与中间名(first name 和 middle name)均可用缩写形式表示,如缩写,须用英文缩写符号(下圆点);如将姓名全部译出,则须在姓名之间加中文间隔符号(中圆点)。
3、引用编著: 主编姓名:《编著名》,XX出版社,XXXX年版,第X页。如:杨生茂主编:《美国外交政策史,1775—1989》,人民出版社,1991年版,第23页。
说明:在编者姓名后,根据该书提供的信息加入“编”或“主编”,再加冒号;其余部分与著作类注释格式同。
4、引用文集或期刊、杂志文章:作者:“文章名”,《期刊名》,XXXX年第X期,第XX页。如:吴展:“试论核裁军的几个问题”,《美国研究》,1994年第3期,第43页。
5、引用报纸文章: 作者:“文章名”,《报纸名》,XXXX年X月X日,第X版。如:陆全武:“国营企业改革中的几个问题”,《经济日报》,1994年8月20日,第3版。
6、引用网络类:作者:“文章名”,网址。