英语期末翻译

第一篇：英语期末翻译

2）画蛇添足（西汉）刘向

楚有祠者，赐其舍人卮酒。舍人相谓曰：“数人饮之不足，一人饮之有余。请画地为蛇，先成者饮酒。” 一人蛇先成，引酒且饮之，乃左手持卮，右手画蛇曰：“我能为之足！”未成，一人之蛇成夺取卮曰：“蛇固无足，子安能为之足？”遂饮其酒。为蛇足者，终亡其酒。白话译文：

古代楚国有个人祭过祖宗以后，把一壶酒赏给来帮忙祭祀的门客一壶酒。门客们互相商量说：“大家一起喝这壶酒不足够，一个人喝它还有剩余。要求大家在地上画蛇，先画好的人喝这壶酒。”一个人最先完成了，拿起酒壶准备饮酒，却左手拿着酒壶，右手画蛇，说：“我能够为它画脚。”他还没有把脚画完，另一个人的蛇画好了，抢过他的酒壶，说：“蛇本来就没有脚，你怎么能给它画脚呢?”话刚说完，就把那壶酒喝完了。那个给蛇画脚的人，最终失掉了那壶酒。

英译：The Man Who Draws a Snake and Adds Feet to It

By Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty A native of Chu after worshipping his ancestors gave his retainers a pot of wine.One of the retainers said, “It is insufficient for all of us, but too much for one of us.I suggest, therefore, that we draw snakes on the ground, and the one who first finishes drawing the snake will win the pot of wine.” When one retainer had completed his drawing, he took the pot to drink.As he held it in his left hand, he continued to draw the snake with his right hand, saying: “I can add feet to it.” While he was adding feet to his snake, another man who had then drawn his snake snatched the pot from his hand, protesting: “No snake has feet.How can you add feet to it?” Then he took the wine.The man who added feet to the snake lost his prize at last.参考译文： 1）根据传说，伏羲生于中国西部，出生之前在其母腹中孕育了12年。伏羲教会了人类打猎、捕鱼、驯养野兽、饲养家禽。伏羲制定了人类的嫁娶制度，教会人们劈柴取火和烹煮食物；此外，他还通过龟背上的裂纹创立了八卦，这些八卦成为数学、医学、占卜学和风水的基础。伏羲创造了中华民族的图腾龙，被认为是中国历史上第一个真正的统治者。

1）Fuxi was born in the west part of China and, according to legend, he was carried in his mother’s womb for twelve years before birth.He taught people how to hunt, fish, domesticate animals and tend their flocks.He instituted marriage and taught people how to devise tools to split wood, kindle fire and cook food.He devised the Trigrams, which evolved from markings on tortoise shells.These trigrams served as the basis for mathematics, medicine, divination and geomancy.Furthermore, he created the Chinese dragon as the totem of the nation and was considered as the first real ruler.1）儒家的创始人是孔子（公元前551—479），他提出了一套道德规范，基于五种美德：仁、义、礼、智、信。其中“仁”被认为是他的哲学理念的基石，代表着忠诚、孝道(filial piety)、宽容和善良。他还提倡人与人之间和谐相处、按照行为规范标准建立生活社区。他的追随者之一孟子(公元前372-289)不断地向统治者们游说，试图说服他们修身养德，为人典范，以仁政赢得人民的尊重。1）Confucius(551—479 BC)was the founder of Confucianism.He advocated a set of moral code on basis of five merits: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and trustworthiness.Among them, benevolence was considered as the cornerstone of his philosophy, which stands for faithfulness, filial piety, tolerance and kindness.He also requested people to keep in good harmony with each other and establish a community ruled by standard manners and behavior.One of his followers, Mencius(372-289BC), repeatedly tried to convince rulers that the ruler should cultivate moral perfection in order to set a good example to the people and the ruler who governed benevolently would earn the respect of the people.2）中国哲学有着几千年的历史，其起源可以追溯到《易经》，其中介绍一些最重要的中国哲学概念。自始至终中国哲学的核心就是对人与社会的现实关注、如何过理想的生活，以及如何去组织社会。伦理（ethics）和政治哲学(political philosophy)常常要超越在形而上学（metaphysics）和现象学（epistemology）理论之上。中国哲学的另一个特征是反映了自然和自我，因而产生了天人合一、人在天地之间的位置，以及对差异（differentiation）和变化的阐释。2）Chinese philosophy has a history of several thousand years;its origins are often traced back to the I Ching(the Book of Changes), which introduced some of the most fundamental terms of Chinese philosophy.The central focus of Chinese philosophy throughout the ages has been a practical concern with man and society, how to live an ideal life, and how best to organize society.Ethics and political philosophy have often taken precedence over metaphysics and epistemology.Another characteristic of Chinese philosophy has been reflections on nature and the self, which has resulted in the development of themes like unity between man and Heaven, the place of man in the cosmic order, and the explanations of differentiation and change.1)“送别”是唐诗里常见的主题。通过赠诗给一个即将离别的友人，诗人常常表达自己的悲伤之情。送别诗里常用的意象(image)有音乐、酒和柳枝。音乐是送别仪式必不可少的部分。音乐通常由琵琶等古典乐器演奏，旋律优美而悲伤。在这种场合，喝酒也是必要的。也许这是因为酒能够让人得到安慰，忘却生活中的烦恼以及与友人离别的愁绪。送别的另一个风俗便是为友人送上柳枝。因为“柳”和“留”同音。通过这种方式，诗人就表达了让友人永远留下来的愿望。

‘Parting’ was a common theme in Tang poetry.By writing a poem to a friend who was leaving, the poet usually showed his sorrow and sadness.Images frequently used in a parting poem included music, liquor and a willow twig.Music was an important section of the parting ceremony.The music, which was often melodious and sorrowful, was played by traditional instruments such as ‘Pipa’.Drinking liquor was also a necessary part on these occasions.Perhaps it was because liquor could console people and help them forget troubles in life and the sadness of parting from a friend.Another custom was giving a willow twig to the leaving friend, since ‘willow’ in Chinese has the same pronunciation of that of ‘stay’.In this way, the poet expressed his wish that his friend stay with him forever.2)《红楼梦》（Dream of the Red Chamber）是中国文学“四大名著”之一。它写于18世纪中叶，并被认为是中国文学中的杰作(masterpiece)以及中国小说史上的顶峰。许多学者都致力于该作品的研究，而这个研究领域也被称作“红学”(Redology)。人们通常认为该小说反映了作者曹雪芹自己的经历以及他家族的兴衰。该书的优秀之处不仅在于它的情节和人物塑造(characterization)，同时也在于它对当时社会生活结构的精确、细节的描写。几个世纪以来，小说中的许多词句已经融入了中国人的日常语言。由此可见该书经久不衰的魅力。

2）Dream of the Red Chamber is one of the ‘Four Great Classical Novels’ of Chinese literature.It was written in the middle of the 18th century and considered as a masterpiece of Chinese literature as well as the peak of Chinese fiction.Many scholars are devoted to the study of this novel and the field of study is known as ‘Redology’.The novel is usually thought to be reflecting the experience of the author Cao Xueqin and the rise and decline of his own family.It is remarkable for not only its plot and characterization, but also its precise and detailed observation of the life and social structures of that time.For centuries, a huge number of words and expressions from the novel have already been incorporated into the daily language of Chinese people, which demonstrates the ever-lasting charm of the book.1）中国古代教育在中国文化中起着举足轻重的作用。中国古代教育最早可以追溯到周朝中后期诸子百家的教育思想。古代中国的教育给人们提供了一个平等的发展机会，即使出身贫寒的人也有可能步入仕途。春秋时期，伟大的教育家孔子打破“学在官府”的陈规。私人学堂盛行。不同的学派通过学堂传播他们的思想主张，出现了百家争鸣的局面。

1)Education played a vital role in ancient Chinese culture.The origin of ancient Chinese education dates back to the educational ideas of the ―Hundred Schools of Thought‖ in the middle and late Zhou Dynasty.It provided people equal chance for development.Individuals from even the humblest backgrounds could rise to higher level.In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the great educator, broke the rule of learning at the government hall.Private schools prevailed and many scholars of different schools of thought spread their teaching in this way and this led to the flourishing and contending of hundreds of schools.2）孔子既是教育家又是哲学家。他的思想理论规范影响着人们的伦理、道德、生活等方方面面。孔子思想的特征之一是他十分强调教育与学习。在思与学的关系上，他认为学思并重。他认为，“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”对孔子来说，道德教育是最重要的。孔子的目的是培养举止优雅、言谈得体、遇事周全的谦谦君子。

2)Confucius was an educator as well as a philosopher.His thoughts and theories had impact on people in many aspects such as ethics, moral principles and rules of life.One of the features of Confucius’ thoughts is his emphasis on education and learning.In the relationship between learning and thinking, he believed.that learning and thinking were equally important.He believed that, ―Learning without thought is labor lost;thought without learning is perilous.‖ He considered moral education the most important.Confucius’s goal was to create gentlemen who would carry themselves with grace, speak correctly, and demonstrate integrity in all things.1）沈括是宋朝的著名官员、军事将领。他的不朽名著《梦溪笔谈》(Dream Pool Essays)记载了包括地质学、天文学、活字印刷（movable type printing）、植物学和动物学等各种学科。该书是中国历史上最早使用“石油”这一名称的著作，为自然科学做出了卓越贡献。沈括与当时的很多人不同，他以一种客观而思辨的态度观察自然现象。他提出了用阳历代替阴历的主张，立春为岁首，大月31天，小月30天。

1）Shen Kuo was a highly renowned government official and military general of the Song Dynasty.Shen Kuo’s immortal masterpiece Dream Pool Essays records various fields of study including geology, astronomy, movable type printing, botany and zoology etc.In the book, the word ―shiyou‖(petroleum)was used for the first time in the literature of Chinese history, which was his remarkable contribution to science.Unlike most people in his time, Shen Kuo took an objective and speculative viewpoint on natural phenomena.He advocated that the solar calendar be used to replace the lunar calendar, with thirty-one or thirty days a month and ―lichun‖(―Start of Spring‖ according to lunisolar calendar)as the beginning of a year.2）徐光启（1562年～1633年）是中国明朝的数学家和农业科学家。他身为政府高官，最早将西方科技成就引入中国，也是明朝末年最早信奉天主教的文人。天主教早期之所以在中国传播，得力于一些中国政府官员和文人的帮助，特别是徐光启。徐光启撰写了《农政全书》（Complete Treatise on Agriculture）这部农业百科全书。该书基本上囊括了诸如农田灌溉、农具制作、植树放牧及生产养蚕等古代农业生产和人民生活的各个方面。

2)Xu Guangqi(1562-1633)was a Chinese mathematician and agricultural scientist in the Ming Dynasty.As a top official, Xu was perceived as a pioneer introducing Western scientific achievements in China and also the first intellectual believer in Catholicism in the late Ming Dynasty.The spread of Catholicism in China in the early ages owed much to some officials and intellectuals, especially Xu Guangqi.Xu compiled Complete Treatise on Agriculture, an agricultural encyclopedia.The book basically includes all the subjects concerned about various domains in the life and production of ancient Chinese people, such as irrigation, farm tools, planting trees, herding, manufacturing, and silkworm breeding.1）中国龙是吉祥的生灵，象征着力量、智慧、好运和掌控风和水的威力。因此，中国人自豪地称自己是龙的传人（descendants）。龙被尊崇为雨神（the God of Rain）。在干旱或水灾发生时，人们会去当地的龙王庙（dragon-king temple）烧香祈求情况的好转。龙对雨水和海浪的控制也和其在12生肖中的地位密切相关。关于这12种动物为确保能榜上有名所进行的竞赛有各种传说，但顺序是按动物最活跃的时间点确定的。龙对应于7点至9点，此时最有可能会雾气蒙蒙，而龙却能腾云驾雾。

1）The Chinese dragon is an auspicious creature, symbolizing strength, wisdom, good luck and power over the elements of wind and water.As such, Chinese people proudly claim they are the descendants of the dragon.The dragon was worshiped as the God of Rain, and in times of drought or flooding, locals would visit a dragon-king temple and burn incense to pray for more favorable conditions.The dragon's power to control rain and waves is also closely related to its rank in the 12 zodiac animals.Various tales describe the race of these 12 animals to secure their place on the list, but the sequence is determined by the time of day when the animal is most active.The dragon corresponds to 7 am to 9 am, when it is most likely to be foggy, allowing the dragon to ride atop clouds and mist.2）风水，字面意即为―风和水‖，可追溯至中国战国时期（公元前475-221）。在古代，也被称为堪舆。按传统，建造房屋、楼群、定居点和陵墓前都要先咨询风水大师。风水一度是中国传统文化中的重要组成部分，它依据诸如道家和《易经》等中国古代哲学学说，强调了人与环境的和谐共存。看风水的做法从地理、建筑、伦理和预言等方面，提倡了道家的天、地、人合一的理念。风水被赋予神秘感。事实上，古时它是被广泛应用于东方建筑的一种古老艺术。中国的许多著名的文化名胜，包括北京的故宫，都是按照风水原则设计的。风水学对中国社会产生了深远的影响并为大众所接受。

2)Feng shui, literally ―wind and water‖, dates from China’s Warring States Period(475-221 BC).In ancient times, the practice was also called kanyu.Traditionally, a feng shui master was consulted before houses, buildings, settlements or tombs were constructed.Based on ancient Chinese philosophies, including Taoism and Yijing, feng shui was once an important part of traditional Chinese culture and emphasizes the harmonious coexistence of humans and their environment.Following the disciplines of geography, architecture, ethics and prophecy, the practice also promotes the Taoist principle that the earth, sky and mankind are part of a single whole.Feng shui is considered mysterious.In fact, it is an ancient art widely used to orient buildings in olden times.Many of China’s well-known cultural monuments, including the Forbidden City in Beijing, were designed using feng shui principles.Feng shui has a profound effect on Chinese society and is widely embraced by the public.1）首都北京是中华人民共和国政治、文化和行政管理的中心，是一个新旧交融、魅力无限的大都市(metropolis)。北京作为人类居住地的历史已超过了3000多年。作为世界上少数未傍主要河道而建的内陆首都之一，北京将自己长期显赫的历史归功于战略性的地理位置。北京位于北纬39o56'，东经116o20', 雄踞于华北平原(the North China Plain)的最北部；西北部是山西省和内蒙古大草原(he Inner Mongolian Steppe)，东向是渤海(the Bohai Sea)。

1）Beijing, as the capital city, is the political, cultural and administrative center of the People’s Republic of China, as well as a fascinating metropolis that mixes the old and new.Beijing as a settlement has a history of more than 3,000 years.It is one of the few inland capitals in the world that is not built beside a major river, which owes its long prominence to its strategic geographical position.Beijing is situated at 39o56' North Latitude and 116o20' East Longitude, majestically reposing on the northmost part of the North China Plain;to the northwest lie Shanxi Province and the Inner Mongolian Steppe, and towards the east is the Bohai Sea.2）胡同即狭窄的街道或巷子，在中国北方的城市很常见，其中又以北京的胡同最为著名。在北京，很多街区是这样形成的：四合院(Chinese quadrangle)彼此相连形成胡同，进而胡同彼此相连形成街区。胡同是北京文化要素的代表。由于北京悠久的历史和六朝古都的地位，几乎每个胡同都有其轶事趣闻(anecdotes)，一些胡同甚至还与历史事件紧密相关。与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和精英文化(elite culture)相比，胡同反应了北京的平民文化。

2）Hutongs are a type of narrow streets or alleys, commonly associated with northern Chinese cities, most prominently Beijing.In Beijing, many neighborhoods were formed by joining one Chinese quadrangle(siheyuan)to another to form a hutong, and then joining one hutong to another.Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing.Thanks to Beijing’s long history and status as capital for six dynasties, almost every hutong has its anecdotes, and some are even associated with historic events.In contrast to the court life and elite culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.1）茶之为物，能引导我们进入一个默想人生的世界。采茶必须天气清明的清早，当山上的空气极为清新，露水的芬芳尚留于叶上时，所采的茶叶方称上品。因此，茶是凡间纯洁的象征，在采制烹煮(infusion)的手续中，都须十分清洁。采摘烘焙(fermenting)，烹煮取饮之时，手上或杯壶中略有油腻不洁，便会使它丧失美味。所以也只有在眼前和心中毫无富丽繁华的景象和念头时，方能真正的享受它。(节选自林语堂《茶与交友》)

1)There is something in the nature of tea that leads us into a world of quiet contemplation of life.Picked at early dawn on a clear day, when the morning air on mountain top was clear and thin, and the fragrance of dews was still upon the leaves, tea is still associated with the fragrance and refinement of the magic dew in its enjoyment.Tea is then symbolic of earthly purity, requiring the most fastidious(严苛的)cleanliness in its preparation.From picking, fermenting and preserving to its final infusion and drinking, easily upset or spoiled by the slightest contamination of oily hands or oily cups.Consequently, its enjoyment is appropriate in an atmosphere where all ostentation(虚饰)or suggestion of luxury is banished from one's eyes and one's thoughts.（Excerpted from ―Tea and Friendship‖ by Lin Yutang）

2)书法作品跟舞蹈艺术一样可以展现肢体和动作的美感。相互之间能吸收灵感。张旭，唐代草书（cursive-script calligraphy）大家，以韵律独特和风格豪放而著称。传说，他观舞蹈名家公孙一舞而悟，书法大有长进。舞者通过独特的节奏和利落的动作展示了诸如活泼、喜悦、悲伤、愤怒、渴望、需求、勇气和灵感等多种魅力和和情感。张旭草书、李白诗歌和裴旻剑舞被当朝皇帝誉为三绝。

2)Calligraphic works can demonstrate the beauty of both the body and movement, like the art of dance.They can absorb inspiration from each other.Zhang Xu, a cursive-script calligraphy master of the Tang Dynasty, was famous for distinctive rhythms and a wild style.Legend says that he made swift progress in his calligraphy after he got inspiration from a dance performed by the famous dancer Gongsun.Through distinctive rhythms and neat movements, the dancer demonstrates various kinds of charms and emotions such as vividness, joy, sadness, anger, aspiration, demand, boldness and inspiration.The cursive-script calligraphic works by Zhang Xu, the poems by Li Bai and the sword dance by Pei Min were praised as the three wonders by the emperor of their time.1）重视教育和尊敬师长是中国悠久的传统美德。中国的第一部教育学专著《学记》(Record of Learning)提出了“教学为先”的思想。三千年前的周代，国家设立了不同规模不同层次的学校，由官员兼任教师。春秋时期，孔子开办了私学，并提出人无论贵贱都有受教育的权利。对教育的重视决定了教师的地位。中国民间有许多尊师的说法，如“一日为师，终生为父”。现在，中国还把每年的9月10日定为“教师节”。

1)It is a long-standing traditional virtue to value education and respect teachers in China.The first monograph about education in China, the Record of Learning, brought up the idea of ―education is the top priority‖.Three thousand years ago, in the Zhou Dynasty, the government set up schools of different scales and levels with officers as teachers.In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius even ran private schools with a slogan that everyone, rich or poor, had the right to receive education.Respect for education determines the status of teachers.There are a lot of sayings that show respect towards teachers, such as ―A teacher for a day is a father for a lifetime‖.Nowadays, September the tenth is designated to be the Teachers’ Day in China.2）孝顺(Filial piety)是中国文化中一个重要的美德，指的是一个人对父母和祖先的尊重。历史上儒家经典作品《孝经》(Classic of Xiao or Filial Piety)一直被认为是该美德的权威(authoritative)来源。该书介绍了如何利用孝顺建立良好的社会。一般而言，孝顺是指善待和照顾父母，尊敬父母、支 持父母、对父母讲礼貌。也指不仅在家对父母在外对他人都要从善，从而为父母带来好名声。虽然中国人一直拥有众多不同宗教信仰，孝顺却几乎是所有人共同的。

1)Filial piety is considered a key virtue in Chinese culture, which is about the respect for one’s parents and ancestors.The Confucian classic, Classic of Xiao or Filial Piety, has historically been the authoritative source on this virtue.The book is about how to set up a good society using the filial piety.In more general terms, filial piety means to be good to and to take care of one's parents, to show respect, support and courtesy to one’s parents.It also means to engage in good conduct not just towards parents but also outside the home so as to bring a good name to one’s parents.Although the Chinese have had a diversity of religious beliefs, filial piety has been common to almost all of them.敦煌莫高窟（The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes），也称千佛洞，位于甘肃省敦煌市附近的鸣沙山东路石崖上。它被认为是世界上最大最古老的佛教艺术宝藏。莫高窟的修建始于366年，在唐代达到鼎盛，但到了元朝才竣工。现存492个窟和1045幅壁画(mural)，以及245座彩绘泥塑(clay sculpture)和5个唐宋时期的木质建筑结构。除此之外，莫高窟还存有大量的横跨三国到北宋数个朝代的经文(scripture)、文献和绘画。敦煌莫高窟展示出各类艺术形式的精华，同时也体现了中西方的艺术融合。

1）The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, also known as the One-Thousand-Buddha Grottoes, are located on the eastern, rocky side of Mingsha Mountain, near the city of Dunhuang, Gansu Province.They are regarded as the world's largest and oldest treasure house of Buddhist art.Construction of the Mogao Grottoes began in 366 and reached a peak in the Tang Dynasty, but it was not finished until the Yuan Dynasty.Now, there are 492 grottoes and 1,045 murals in existence.It also features 245 painted clay sculptures, and five wooden architectural structures of the Tang and the Song Dynasties.Besides, there are also a lot of items of scriptures, documents and paintings spanning the period from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Northern Song Dynasty.The Mogao Grottoes show examples of various types of art and demonstrate the integration of Chinese and Western arts.2)《清明上河图》(The Qingming Festival by the Riverside)是由北宋画家张择端(1085–1145)创作完成的。它是一副长528厘米，宽24.8厘米的彩色画卷。该画描述了清明节北宋都城汴京(今河南开封)热闹的街景，整幅画可以分成三部分：郊区景、汴河景以及城市街景。汴河景是该画最为壮观的一部分；而作为政治、经济、文化中心的汴京在北宋的重要地位则在城市街景中得以充分体现。画卷对汴京的建筑、商人和交通的描绘形象地勾勒出北宋的经济繁荣景象。《清明上河图》是一幅伟大的稀世罕见的现实主义画卷。

2)The Qingming Festival by the Riverside（or Along the River during the Qingming Festival）is a painting attributed to Song Dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan(1085–1145).It is a long colored painted scroll with a length of 528cm and a height of 24.8cm.It portrayed the busy street scenes of the capital city Bianjing(now Kaifeng, Henan Province)during the Qingming Festival.The painting can be divided into three parts: scenes of the suburbs, of the Bian River, and of the city streets.The scene of the Bian River is the most magnificent part of the painting.As Bianjing was the political, economic and cultural center of the Northern Song Dynasty, its importance in the empire was fully depicted in the painting's city street scene.The depiction of the architecture, merchants and transportation in Bianjing vividly reflects the economic boom of the Northern Song Dynasty.The Qingming Festival by the Riverside is a great and rare realistic painting.

第二篇：大学英语期末翻译

【翻译】1.老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.2.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.3.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.4.no matter what excuse he gives 无论他给什么借口 ； 5.no matter what anyone else may think 无论别人可能怎么想。1.考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。Taking the popularity of the region into consideration it is advisable to book hotels in advance.2.服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible.3.总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。Summing up the discussion he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem.1.在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的。In his thinking as in his behavior he is very traditional.2.从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。In the long run it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.3.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品的第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视。As the school operates on the Character First principle moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.4.这所学校把为学生做好人生准备当做其职责，办法是倡导一整套能是所有学生受益的道德标准。The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.1.从各方面考虑，这座城市都是世界上最令人激动的城市。Everything considered this city is the world’s most exciting city.2.尽管没有得到父母的赞同，他还是继续他的计划出国学习。Though with no approval from his parents he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.3.这座桥是以一位英雄的名字命名的，这位英雄为人民的事业献出了生命。The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.4.这位作家于1950年因出版一本小说而一举成名，小说的灵感来自于他和一位姑娘在农场的经历。The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.1.Not until the train started to move did mary stop weepin（玛丽才停止哭泣）2.Not until Alice had a baby of her own did she become aware her how hard it was for her mother to have brought up her sister and her on her own.(她才了解她母亲独自一人把她和她姐姐抚养成人有多难）3.直到看见弥留之际躺在床上的母亲，他才意识到自己是多么的爱她。Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.4.克拉克夫人躺在床上一动也不动，一时间我都纳闷她是否还活着。Mrs.Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive.5.整栋楼一片黑暗，只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光。The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.6.他伸手拿起电话，拨通了宾馆的号码。He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’s number.1.The candidate toured in several cities inthe state,giving speeches of his political viewpoints so that more people woulid vote for him(为的是更多的人会投他一票）2.I'll give you all the factsso that you can judge for yourself.(以使你自己作出判断）3.要将英英词典放在手边。当你不能准确的理解单词时，你就能随时查阅。Keep a English-English dictionary handy,and wwhen you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.4.对一个想找工作的学生来说,有没有硕士学位的确有很大影响。A master's degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.5.这本书除了告诉我们地震方面的知识外，还告诉我们如何做好预防工作。In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes,the book tells us how to prepare for them..

第三篇：小学六年级英语期末翻译

期末复习：翻译句子

1我们在3月12日那天种树。WeMarch 12th.2 在复活节那天，人们吃复活节彩蛋。

People Easter eggsEaster Day.3 我们喜欢在冬天滑冰。We like4 复活节可能是从3月20 日到4月20日的任何一天。

Easter Day canMarch 20th th.5在六月还有父亲节。There is Father’s Day in 6六月份的第一天是儿童节。

The day June is Children’s Day.7八月是一年中的第八个月。

is the month of the year.8在八月学生们放暑假。

Students have their in August.9圣诞老人正在给孩子们礼物。

Santa Clausthe children 10孩子们正要去露营。

The students are 11在七月孩子们要考试。

The students have theirin July.12看！孩子们正在表演。

Look!The children

13欢迎返回学校。

Welcomeschool.14教师节在九月十日。

is on10th.15这个女孩正在弹钢琴。

The girl is the 16国庆节在十月一日。

China’s Day isOctober 1st.17一家人在感恩节吃一顿丰富的晚餐。

A family eat big meal on Day.18 秋天是一个金色的季节。

Autumn is the 19 天气变得越来越凉爽，白天变得越来越短。The weathercooler and

The daysshortershorter.20 冬天开始于11月份左右。

WinterNovember.当天开始下雪时，一切都变白了。it snows,is white.22 看！孩子们正在玩雪。

Look, the children are snow.

第四篇：7A英语期末复习资料翻译句子

12999英语网 en.12999.com

翻译句子

1.我们的数学老师戴着眼镜。她非常有礼貌而且乐于助人。

Our ________ teacher ________________.She is ________ and ________very much..2.西蒙今天穿了一件白色衬衫。white shirt today.3.爸爸有时不在家，但很了解我。，4.他们讲故事讲得好。这些故事听上去都很棒。

They are ______ _____5.我们当中许多人喜欢玩电脑游戏。

enjoy.6.周末的时候我也喜欢和朋友们在电话里聊天。

At the on the phone my 7.进入泳池前请穿好泳衣。

Please a swimsuit before you into the8.我希望你和家人一切安好。

I you andare all.9.我叔叔通常在早上跑步半小时。

My uncle goesforin the

morning.10.他的爸爸妈妈同一天出生。

________ on the same day.11.A: 那个牌子上说什么？

? B: 会员专用。B: For

12.我最喜欢的运动是打排球。我每个星期四下午打排球。

Myisvolleyball.I play it every _____________

afternoon.13.Daniel每周去两次电脑俱乐部。

Danielto thea week.14.Amy和我喜欢坐在大树下一起闲聊。

Amy and Ibig tree andwith.15.A: 今天的报纸上有什么滑稽的消息吗？B: 没什么。

A: there anyin today’s ? B: Nothing really.16.许多澳大利亚人正在学习中文，因为他们想要更多地了解中国。

12999英语网 en.12999.com

Many Australians are nowChinese because they want to

about China.17.现在是十二点，该吃午饭了。It’s twelve o’clock.It’s __________________ lunch..18.他很忙没有时间和约见朋友。

He’s very___________ and ___________ have time to ___________his friends.19.医生要求我们离开。The doctor____________ us to ________________.20.谢谢你参加我的生日聚会。__________ you for ___________ to my birthday party.21．你有小刀吗？ 抱歉，我没有。You have any?

Sorry,I have any.22.我想要一条新牛仔裤。Ia newjeans.23.香港是个特殊的地方，它有着许多源于不同国家的节日。

Hong Kong is a _________ place.It _________ many __________ from __________

countries.24.在中秋节，人们用月饼招待客人。

At __________ Festival, people give guests mooncakes __________ __________

__________.25.不要敲门，没人在家。Don’t __________ __________ the door.Nobody is at home.26.让我们来做盏小桔灯吧。Let’s _______ a little lantern _________________an orange.27.阳光透过窗子照射进来，房间开始变得暖和起来。

The sunlight _________ __________ the window and the room __________ to be

__________.28.从晚上9:00到午夜，唐人街将有舞狮表演。

There will be __________ __________ in Chinatown from 9:00p.m.to __________.29.他们通过吃粽子来庆祝端午节。

They celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival ___________________ rice dumplings.30.中国人用许多方式来庆祝春节。

The Chinese celebrate Chinese new year ________________________.31在万圣节，Wendy喜欢装扮成鬼去作弄人。

At Halloween, Wendy loves ______ _____________ a ghost to _____________

______others.32.明天将有一场足球比赛。There __________________ a football match tomorrow.33.柠檬尝起来味道一点也不好，但很多人喜欢在茶中加一点柠檬汁。

Lemons taste _________ _________ many people like to

have some lemon in their tea.34.吃点巧克力吧！它能给我们呆会儿锻炼提供能量。

Have some chocolate!It can give for later.35.我改变了我的生活方式。我现在不再去网吧打游戏了。

.I don’t go to the net bars and play computer

games36.这蛋糕太甜了，我再不吃了，因为我不想变胖。

The cake is.I ____________want to eat it __________

___________because I don’t want to

37.我很少吃水果和蔬菜,妈妈说吃水果和蔬菜对我们的身体健康有好处。

I________ ________fruits or vegetables.Mother saysgood

_______ our

38.早晨朗读英语非常重要。________ ________to read English in the morning.39.在八佰伴的顶楼有一个电脑游戏中心。

There a computeron theof YAOHAN.40.看！王先生正跟在王太太后面，手里还提着许多购物袋。

Look!Mr.Wangafter Mrs.Wang and helots of.41.A: 你现在能付这双鞋的钱了吗？B: 对不起。我的钱不够，我得等我妈妈来。

A: Can you the shoes now?

B: Sorry.I don’t have42.我认为那个购物中心需要更多一些中餐馆。

I think the mallsome Chinese 43.那盘DVD你是向谁借来的？Who do youthe DVD 44.他经常向父母要零花钱。

He oftenhis parentsmoney.45.去年的服装打折扣。

There is alast clothes.46.我妈妈花了100 yuan买了这个足球。

My mother 100 yuanthis football.47.在今天的报纸上我看见了一则广告。

I sawintoday’snewspaper.48.导游正领着参观者参观长城。

The guide the visitors the Great Wall.49.我还想喝些牛奶。

I wantmilk.50.这个学校的学生每年为希望工程捐一些钱。

The students in this schooltoevery

year.51.不同国家的人们穿不同的服装。

Peoplewear.52.那个戴着太阳镜的模特儿看上去很酷,他的鞋子很配他的裤子。

The modelsun-glasses very.His shoes

well.53.那双红靴子看上去既神气又时髦，但穿起来不太舒服。

The red look and , butnot

very 54.那是我第一次在T型台上表演。

It theIthe show on the catwalk.55.今天她梳着二十世纪八十年代的发型。

She has a ________________.56.我们还需要两名女医生。

We needdoctors.57.请试戴一下这顶帽子，它可能很适合你。

58.他以全家的名义向贫困学生捐款1000元。

Hethe whole family.59.我不知道怎样使用这台电脑。

I don’60.巧克力里糖分太多，注意你的牙齿。

There is sugar in chocolate,Please be61.镇江确实是一个旅游的好地方。

Zhenjiang is a62.他想买一辆和我的自行车一样的自行车。

bikemine.

第五篇：翻译期末论文范文

浅析夏济安译《古屋杂谈》

——从翻译美学与翻译批评的角度 摘要：夏济安译作在译界享有较高声誉和地位，译作《古屋杂谈》的在备受推崇的同时，也存在失真和走样的地方。本文既评析了夏先生在散文翻译的美学方面的成功之处，又从翻译批评的角度，找出不足之处。

关键词：翻译美学；翻译批评；夏济安；《古屋杂谈》

夏济安先生是散文翻译大家，散文翻译特色鲜明，著有译作《名家散文选读》，书中所译的美国作家霍桑的《古屋杂谈》更是无人不知。霍桑是美国著名文学家，主要成就在小说，但其散文亦闻名于世。尤其是他的The Old Manse以其深沉浓郁、词彩华丽的风格历来为多数散文大家所推崇。本文拟从翻译美学和翻译批评的角度,对夏济安翻译的霍桑作品《古屋杂谈》作简要的评析，批判地继承名家的习作，切勿全盘接受。

一，夏译《古屋杂谈》的语言，意象，情感之美

美感的产生调动了人精神活动所有的机制,是一个复杂的“刺激-反应”过程。因此美学是一个多层级且互相渗透的结构。各层级各司其职,又相辅相成,构成一个和谐的、集感性、理性于一体、集主观与客观于一体的统一。翻译美学认为在各层级中,文艺作品的外在形式因为文学作品中种种外象的审美信息,直接作用于我们的感官,构成大脑审美思维活动的起点。美的文学作品之所以能“扣人心弦”,就在于各种物象能让审美主体第一时间感官受到刺激,情感开始富集,进入审美意识的构建。翻译美学认为“把握原文自然感性美的关键是‘身临其境,运用感性’”具体到翻译实践中,就需译者紧跟作者的感官,抓住物态特征。这就要求译者在语言，意象，情感方面都要做到“美”，突出“美”。

Between two tall gateposts of roughhewn stone,（the gate itself having fallen from its hinges, at some unknown epoch）we beheld the gray front of the old parsonage, terminating the vista of an avenue of black ash trees.It was now a twelve month since the funeral procession of the venerable clergyman, its last inhabitant, had turned from that gate way towards the village burying-ground.The wheel-track, leading to the door, as well as whole breadth of the avenue, was almost overgrown with grass, affording dainty mouthfuls to two or three vagrant cows, and an old white horse who had his own living to pick up along the roadside.译文：一条大路，两旁白蜡树成林，路尽头可以望见牧师旧宅的灰色门前，路口园门的门拱已不知在哪一年掉了下来，可是两座粗石雕成的门柱还巍然矗立着。旧宅的故主是位德高望众的牧师，现已不在人世，一年前，他的灵柩从园门里迁出，移向村中的公墓，也有不少人执绋随行。园门里的林阴大路和宅门前的马车道，杂草蔓生，偶尔有两三只乌鸦飞来，随意啄食，在路旁觅食的那头老白马，也可以在这里吃到几口可口的美餐。

这段散文翻译可谓是“一气舒卷，语特疏隽，尤其可贵的是，婉转洞达，奇境别开”，译语是如此的浑然天成，我们不得不为夏先生能“摄其意境之神韵”而赞叹不已。著名翻译家林以亮先生评论说：“这再也不是普普通通的翻译，而是原作美感经验的再度创作。我们如果拿原文和译文再多读几遍，就会觉得译者和原作者达到了一种心灵上的契合，这种契合超越了空间和时间上的限制，打破 1

了种族上和文化上的藩篱”。译文也紧跟霍桑的创作理念和创作背景，霍桑认为：与文明而古老的欧洲相比，美国“没有阴影，没有古风，没有秘传，没有绚丽而又昏默的冤孽，只有光天之下的枯燥乏味的繁荣”，给作家提供的素材极少。因此，霍桑把注意力转向过去，力图借助想象去挖掘历史上对创作有益的素材，以便“把过去了的时代与我们面前一瞬即逝的现在联系起来”。这也暗示了他以古喻今的创作意图。但是出于清教徒的审慎，霍桑采取了浪漫主义小说的创作形式。他认为只有这样，作者才能以自己选择的方式构思和创作，而又不必拘泥于细节的真实，才能在“真实的世界”和“仙境”之间找到现实与想象得以相结合的“中间地带”。霍桑的伟大正在于他能以表面温和而实质犀利的笔锋。由此看见，在翻译过程中，了解作者背景和创作理念，构成一个整体概念是件非常重要的事。在翻译中，译者通过自己的理解能力在头脑中再现与原作者头脑近似的概念，再依靠自己的表达能力将这一概念蕴涵在译语的语言形式中。由于语言材料和文化环境的不同，要实现相同概念的传达，这个二次表达和原作者的一次表达必然有相同也有不同的地方。翻译要把握与原创作的同与不同，靠的就是这个整体概念。没有整体概念的翻译———极限形式就是机器翻译———仅仅停留在语言的字面信息的机械转换，在原语环境中能传达整体概念的信息和信息构成模式，在译语环境中，传达的可能是一个扭曲分裂的概念。很多不成功的翻译，多多少少都能看到这种机器翻译机械对应的痕迹。作为一种成熟的艺术题材，散文艺术的翻译要素是多方面的，包括语言风格、意象、情感等各个层面。无论是哪一个层面，译者都应该进行整体把握，在充分掌握原语信息的基础上，将所形成的格式塔意象用译语建构起来，这样才能摄原文“意境之神韵”，突破语言、文化和时空的藩篱，将美感体验完整地再现于译文中。夏济安的翻译完全没有翻译的痕迹，也就是在原作基础上的再度创作。

1．we beheld the gray front of the old parsonage, terminating the vista of an

avenue of black ash trees.译文：一条大路，两旁白蜡树成林，路尽头可以望见牧师旧宅的灰色门面。

译者将terminating the vista of an avenue的意思用“路尽头”来传达，没有受

到vista, 这个虚义模糊词的局限，并将terminating转换成一个地点状语，所表达的意思与原文一致，并非常清楚。如果译者试图寻找与terminating和vista,语义对应的语言单位，就会受到英语语言结构的影响。

原文中有“we”，而译文省略了这个主语，这也是汉语散文语体特征之一。

散文翻译的语言风格是翻译界讨论的一个热点，如何才算翻译的风格，是译者的风格还是原作的风格。原作的风格是否能用译语传达，都还很难达到共同认识。但是散文不能没有风格。夏济安先生的翻译实践证明，如果翻译的语言风格不能适合译语的语言特点，这种风格也很难再现。夏济安先生舍弃了翻译中以语言单位对应实现语义对应的机械翻译的操作模式，突破了翻译单位说，在实现语言信息与主观的美感体验达到高度融合后，用目的语进行再创作式的翻译，在语言层面上真正有效避免了语义梗塞，使译文流畅自然，语义清晰，不仅将原文的涵义表达得非常清楚，而且符合汉语散文语体的特点。由于这种整体构建方法的有效性，他的散文翻译既能照顾到译文与原文信息的真正映合，又能让翻译散文自成一个完美的艺术体，保证译作上下文关系不受与原文形式对应关系的分割。

原文中an avenue of black ash trees.是英语特有的表达方式，非常生动地描写

了大路两边栽满了白蜡树的情形。译者用的是“一条大路，两旁白蜡树成林，”非常简洁，“成林”准确地表达了原文的意思，两个意象并置（没有用连词或介

词），使得意象再现的非常鲜明。

2.It was now a twelve month since the funeral procession of the venerable

clergyman, its last inhabitant, had turned from that gate way towards the village burying-ground.译文：一年前，他的灵柩从园门里迁出，移向村中的公墓，也有不少人执绋

随行。

原文是It was…since的结构，译文将他转换成适合汉语的表达方式（一年

前…），这种记述的视角更符合译语的习惯，行文更流畅。原文中的一个时间状语since the funeral procession在译文中被作者转换成一个独立的分句“也有不少人执绋随行”，对上文“一年前，他的灵柩从园门里迁出⋯⋯”补充说明，意思非常连贯。译者将十九世纪美国的“funeral procession”按中国传统具化为“执绋随行”，不知不觉地注入了汉语文化。执绋，是古代丧俗，出殡时灵柩用车拉，送葬的亲友须挽牵引灵车的绳索而行，故称执绋。然而，美国的传统葬礼多采用宗教形式，通常在教堂举行。基督教认为死亡无非是永生的开始，是去天堂和天父以及先行的亲朋好友团聚，还能获得不再生病、痛苦的身体，好事一桩。这种对死亡坦然平静的态度，在葬礼上反映十分明显，整体气氛是哀而不伤，这与中国葬礼鸣锣敲鼓，亲朋哀号的喧闹场面截然不同。很明显，译者考虑到中国读者的理解范畴和审美需求，对译文进行“文化替换”。

3.The wheel-track, leading to the door, as well as whole breadth of the avenue,was almost overgrown with grass, affording dainty mouthfuls to two or three vagrant cows, and an old white horse who had his own living to pick up along the roadside.译文：园门里的林阴大路和宅门前的马车道，杂草蔓生，偶尔有两三只乌鸦

飞来，随意啄食，在路旁觅食的那头老白马，也可以在这里吃到几口可口的美餐。

对应原文，译文中没有语言单位能对应抽象名词breadth所表达的意思，整

句话的涵义没有损失，因为“杂草蔓生”也能反映原文中把整条道路覆盖的意思。

原文2和3中，作者在开头运用一连串意象“,funeral”, “venerable clergymen”,“burying-ground”,“vagrant cows”,“old white horse”,营造出悲怆肃穆的气氛,定下文章情绪的基调。其中“funeral procession”作为名词短语是一个静止的意象,译者引入“绋”(出殡时拉棺材的大绳)的意象,将其具体为“不少人执绋随行”,将静态意象转化成动态意象。第3中从cow到“乌鸦”的转变是夏济安先生意象再创造的经典之作。“乌鸦”，已有很多学者论述，褒贬皆有。但是译者将这个场景描绘得非常到位，却是公认的。一方面，我们可以看到译者在语义转换上的技巧，将一个结构紧凑的短句展开成几个分句，语调舒缓；另一方面，可以看到译者意象的重构，乌鸦（随意啄食）和白马（在路旁觅食）的形象并不是完全包含在原句中，而是有译者的创造一方面,译者将一个长句展开成几个分句,语调舒缓,更符合译入语读者摄取意象的审美习惯。在翻译过程中，译者应该明白，感知和重构文学翻译中艺术形象，并非等于对原文语言形式的复制或语义概念的等值。汉语和英语的形态结构和表达方式千差万别，语言的显性结构和思维模式也不尽相同。译者不仅要自觉运用形象思维，透过原文的语义概念层次，感知原文描写的形象，而且要考虑汉语的显性结构和汉语认知心理中的形象因素，才能在译文中惟妙惟肖地勾勒出原文的艺术形象。

二．从翻译批评角度，批判地看待夏译《古屋杂谈》

20世纪80年代开始的改革开放大潮。对我国的翻译研究产生了深刻影响。

观念的更新，方法的多样化，使翻译研究的领域不断扩大而呈现出勃勃生机。在二十多年的发展进程中，已透露出将历史的民族视野、现实的发展视野与新科学的多元化视野相融合的内在需求。翻译批评作为翻译学的三大支柱之一（其他两个为翻译理论和翻译史），直接影响了翻译的发展。

1.Between two tall gateposts of roughhewn stone（the gate itself having fallen

from its hinges at some unknown epoch）we beheld the gray front of the old parsonage terminating the vista of an avenue of black ash trees.译文：一条大路，两旁白蜡树成林，路尽头可以望见牧师旧宅的灰白门前，路口圆门的门拱已不知在哪一年掉下来了，可是两座粗石雕成的门柱还巍然矗立着。

这一句中，avenue被直接译作了“一条大路”，但是，译者这里显然忽略了

霍桑的英国背景。avenue在美国英语中一般指两边栽有树木的街道（a broad street in a town, sometimes having trees on each side），而在英国则经常指从大路下来通向乡间房舍的小路（a road or way between two rows of trees, esp.one that leads to a house），而且霍桑在这里还特别用了vista“狭长的景色”（a distant view to which the eye is directed between narrow limits, e.g.by rows of trees）来限制avenue，可见这里的avenue绝不是大路而只能是小径。把avenue译作大路，所给中国读者传递出的美感，恐怕丝毫也不比小径来得更多。在中国的语境中，“曲径通幽处”可能更美。更为关键的是，如果译作者略加考证就会发现，霍桑描写的这座古居是1842年他结婚后住了三年的居所，宅前确实只有一条小路。这句里面的门和门柱也让夏先生大显身手。他先将gate定义成“圆门”，进而将the gate itself译作“门拱”。首先，英国乡居的gate一般圆门少而方门多，而中国人所熟悉的古居雅阁当然是以圆门为多，所以这里改写成圆门并不没有给我们增加什么“新奇的美感”，反而可能使中国读者误以为英国的牧师住宅业都有一个圆门；其次，原文是说院门（gate）本身掉落了，而译者非要改为“门拱”（gate arch）掉落了。

夏济安先生这里把the gray front of the old parsonage译作“牧师旧宅的灰白

门前”，也让人百思不解：从语法上说，front前面加定冠词the就表示“在…的前部”，即the gray front是the old parsonage的不可分的一部分，因此这里实指“牧师旧宅的灰白正墙”，而“门前”则表示在宅子前面的某个地方。

2.The wheel-track leading to the door, as well as whole breadth of the avenue,was almost overgrown with grass, affording dainty mouthfuls to two or three vagrant cows and an old white horse who had his own living to pick up along the roadside.译文：园门里的林阴大路和宅门前的马车道，杂草蔓生，偶尔有两三只乌鸦

飞来，随意啄食，在路旁觅食的那头老白马，也可以在这里吃到几口可口的美餐。

这里最令人诧异的当属译者把“two or three vagrant cows”即“两三只流浪的母牛（cow）”译作“两三只乌鸦（crow）”。在上文中，肯定了译者在这里所表达的美感，为了更加烘托出笼罩在所古宅的凄凉之气。对中国读者来说，一说到乌鸦也许就会想到野外坟头（如鲁迅《坟》中的那两只乌鸦），凄凉的景象立刻就浮现眼前。译作者自己心中可能有一个“范式”，即一想到有人去世，必定要触目伤情，满怀悲凉。于是译作者就觉得“cow”多少有点田园牧歌，就径自替原作者改为了更为凄凉的“crow”。不过，这到底是译者再创作的神来之笔，还是一厢情愿呢？

三．结语

夏济安先生散文翻译的方法具有格式塔意象模式建构的特点，在翻译中对原

文的语言风格、意象传达和感情色彩上整体把握，在译文中创造性地再现原文的信息和表达模式，使译文语义流畅，语言有韵味；场景生动，意象鲜明；感情彩丰满和谐，真正使译文闪烁原文同样的艺术魅力。但译者在翻译上也由于太注重美学，舍弃某些原文的文化理念，过于忠于中国文化，也使得作品中有瑕疵不足。瑕不掩瑜，夏济安先生以其优秀的创造性使得夏译散文成为译界永葆青春的一朵奇葩。

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