第一篇：英语阅读理解专项训练--科普小品类(附答案)
高考英语阅读理解专项训练
科普小品类
(一)For those who study the development of intelligence(智力)in the animal world，self??awareness is an important measurement.An animal that is aware(意识)of itself has a high level of intelligence.Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is，its own reflected image(反射出的影像).Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image.Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now another animal has joined the club.In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self??reflection test.“We thought that elephants were the next important animal.” said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M.Plotnik and Fans B.M.de Waal of Emory University.With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins”．
The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo.They put an 8??foot??square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area(out of the sight of zoo visitors)and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face.She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said, “We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”
1．What can mirror tests tell us about animals?
A．Whether they have large brains.B．Whether they have self??awareness.C．Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.D．Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.2．Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?
A．They are most familiar to readers.B．They are big favorites with zoo visitors.C．They are included in the study by Reiss.D．They are already known to be intelligent.3．What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?
(二)A．She used her nose to search behind the mirror.B．She recognized her own image in the mirror.C．She painted a mark on her own face.D．She found the hidden camera.According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year.Unfortunately, the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills(see picture)to touch bottom.An experiment under way off the coast of Norway, however, could help put them anywhere.The project, called Hywind, is the world's first large??scale deepwater wind turbine(涡轮发电机).Although it uses a fairly standard 152??ton, 2.3??megawatt turbine, Hywind represents totally new technology.The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture), a technology Hywind's creator, the Norwegian company StatoilHydro, has developed recently.The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables(缆索);these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywind's stability(稳定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power.If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it's difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean.To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar's centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the ocean's surface.To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox(变速箱)sits at sea level rather than behind the blades(see picture)．
Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind??farm technology could be extremely large.Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing off??shore windmills are planted.Deep??sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill??as??eyesore objection.If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet's surface to one of the best low??carbon power sources available.1.The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of ________.A.the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor
B.the spar which is floating in deep??sea water
C.the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind
D.the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface
2.To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting
________.A.on the sea floor
B.on the spar top C.at sea level D.behind the blades 3.Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can ________.A.solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills B.make financial profits by producing more turbines C.settle the arguments about environmental problems D.explore low??carbon power resources available at sea
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Brain??computer interface(BCI)technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated(展示)a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓)to the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says.“Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮)and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.Prof.Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands.“The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.1．BCI is a technology that can ________.A.help to update computer systems B.link the human brain with computers C.help the disabled to recover D.control a person's thoughts 2．How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory? A.By controlling his muscles.B.By talking to the machine.C.By moving his hand.D.By using his mind.3．Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair B.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair C.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair D.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
4．The team will test with real patients to ________.A.make profits from them B.prove the technology useful to them C.make them live longer D.learn about their physical condition 5．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A.Switzerland, the BCI Research Center B.New Findings About How the Human Brain Works C.BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled D.Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
(四)Think about the different ways that people use the wind.You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat.Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources(来源), as well as one of the oldest.Evidence shows that windmills(风车)began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC.They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.For many centuries, people used windmills to grind(磨碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity.People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever.Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs.Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.1．From the text we know that windmills ________.A．were invented by European armies
B．have a history of more than 2,800 years
C．used to supply power to radio in remote areas
D．have rarely been used since electricity was discovered
2．What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?
A．Sailing a boat.B．Producing electricity.C．Grinding wheat into flour.D．Pumping water from underground.3．One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that ________.A．wind power is cleaner
B．it is one of the oldest power sources
C．it was cheaper to create energy from wind
D．the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs
4．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A．The advantages of wind power.B．The design of wind power plants.C．The worldwide movement to save energy.D．The global trend towards producing power from wind.科普小品类
(三)答案与解析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，通过研究动物是否在镜子中识别自己可以测试它们的自我意识。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，作者提到猿和海豚是因为它们和人一样可以识别镜中自己的形象，是人们已知的有智力的动物；再根据第三段，一个亚洲象也通过了该测试，也加入到有智力的行列里，故选D项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段，三个大象中只有Happy通过了镜子测试，也就是说只有她能识别镜中自己的形象，因此这是她有别于其他大象的地方，故选B项。
(四)答案与解析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，该工程采用了全新的技术，是为了确保漂浮在深海水域中的圆材的保持稳定。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，为了使较大的涡轮发电机能在圆材上保持平衡，公司计划设计新的发电机，其变速箱在海平面上。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，深海风能技术的广泛应用会在海洋上开发出可使用的最好的低碳能源之一。(五)答案与解析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，自20世纪70年代以来，科学家一直寻找途径能将人脑与电脑相连。BCI技术能帮助残疾人向机器发送指令。故此处B项正确。而C项只是部分正确，虽然能帮助残疾人，但却不能帮他们康复。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知Tavella只是思考动他的左右手就能操作这个轮椅。甚至当他观察这台机器时就能进行交流，也能用他的思想指导机器人工作。因此机器人是在人脑的思想支配下进行工作的。故D项正确。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，首先研究人员为用户设计一种特殊的帽子，它会捕捉头皮发出的信号并将其传给电脑。电脑将这些信号进行分析翻译，给监控下的机器人轮椅发出指令。机器人轮椅装有两部摄像头能识别信号路径中的物体，从而帮助电脑对人脑的指令作出反应。故此处C项正确。
4．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from”可知，在患者身上进行实验是他们团队工作的一个目标，旨在证明这项技术对他们有益。故正确答案选B项。
5.C 主旨大意题。本文为科技说明文，开篇点题。介绍科学家研究的这项新技术BCI，对残疾人大有裨益。故正确答案为C项。(六)答案与解析
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.”可推出，C项符合题意。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.”可知，B项符合题目要求。
3．A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity”可知，A项符合题意。
4．D 推理判断题。第三段最后已提出现在全球已越来越多地使用风力发电，所以下一段应该要进一步推广使用风力发电，这是一种总体的能源发展趋势。故D项正确。
第二篇：高一英语阅读理解专项训练10附答案(练习+答案)
高一英语阅读理解专项10 Passage A Our children and grandchildren may not have a chance to visit many of the most famous places around the world.War, weather, age, traffic and pollution damage these famous places.Looking after these places often costs more than one country can afford.①
In the early 1970s, world governments decided that if they joined together, they would be able to preserve(保护)our history.If every country paid some money, they said, it would be possible to look after important historic places.Also, if they discovered that a monument needed urgent(紧急的)help, they would have money for repairs.For these reasons, countries around the world united to form the World Heritage Organization in 1972.Today, the organization helps to maintain(维护)and restore the most important places from our history.However, one of the biggest problems for historic places is vandalism.People sometimes enter the sites and destroy or damage the buildings.At some sites, such as Stonehenge② in England, governments have built high fences to protect the site from vandals.There are many different ideas about how to solve the problem of vandalism.Some experts say that if guards patrolled(巡逻)the sites, vandals would not be able to get in.Some experts say that if they fixed more television cameras, they would not need so many guards.Other experts say that the best solution is education.If people learned to respect history, they would not destroy or damage it.They would also want to spend money looking after old places.For this reason, the World Heritage Organization helps to spread information about the value of historic sites.注释
Stonehenge 英国南部索尔兹伯里附近的一组史前巨石柱群，可上溯到公元前2000-1800年。
1.Why did countries all over the world unite to form the World Heritage Organization?
A.It would be able to keep our history.B.It would be possible to take care of important historic places.C.They would have money to do some repairs if a monument needed help.D.All of the above.2.Which of the following shows us the action of vandalism?
A.People enter the sites and destroy or damage the buildings.B.Governments build high fences to protect the site from vandals.C.Guards patrolled the sites and they fixed more television cameras.D.They also spend money looking after old places.3.What's the best way to solve the biggest problem of vandalism?
A.Every country spends more money looking after these places often.B.To form the World Heritage Organization.C.Too many guards are needed to prevent vandals getting in.D.To make people know information about the value of historic sites.Passage B
The kings of ancient Egypt planned strong tombs(坟墓)to keep their bodies safe after death and to hold their treasures(财宝).The Great Pyramid was built thousands of years ago for a king called Khufu.It stands on the west bank of the Nile River not far from Cairo.In fact all the pyramids along the Nile are on its west bank.The ancient Egyptians compared the rising of the sun to the beginning of life and the setting of the sun to the end of life.This is why their dead bodies were buried(埋葬)on the west bank of the Nile.① The people of Mexico also built pyramids.They did not build the pyramids for tombs.They used to build a pyramid and then a temple on top of it.The pyramids of Mexico are not as high as the pyramids of Egypt, but they are big.Each of the pyramids has a wide stairway(阶梯)that goes from the bottom to the top.②
More pyramids were built in the Americas than in Egypt.About 90 pyramids are known to have stood in Egypt, while several hundred small pyramids are scattered(分散)across Central and South America.The biggest pyramid in Mexico is almost 2,000 years old.Scientists think it took 10,000 men more than ten years to build it.On the top they built a temple of the sun.The temple is no longer there but people still called it the Pyramid of the Sun.Near it is another huge pyramid, the Pyramid of the Moon.注释
① This is why their dead bodies were buried on the west bank of the Nile.这就是他们的尸体葬在尼罗河西岸上的原因。
② Each of the pyramids has a wide stairway that goes from the bottom to the top.每座金字塔都有一个从底部到顶端的宽阶梯。
1.In ancient Egypt pyramids were built____.A.for visitors to seeB.for kings to live in
C.as the kings tombs D.for king Khufu
2.All the pyramids along the Nile are on its west bank, because in ancient Egypt people thought ____.A.they died in the west B.the sun sets in the west
C.the end of their lives was like the setting of the sun
D.they would go to the west after death
3.The pyramids in ancient Mexico were built____.A.for the kingsB.for the people
C.for wars D.for the gods
高一英语阅读理解专项11 Passage C
The Taj Mahal(泰姬陵)is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian architecture.① It is at Agra in northern India.It lies beside the River Jumna in the middle of gardens with quiet pools.The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor(皇帝)Shah Jehan, who ruled India in the seventeenth century.It is in memory of his favorite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631.The building, which was completed between 1632 and 1638, was designed by a local Muslim architect(建筑师)Ustad Ahmad Lahori.The whole building, with gardens and gateway structures, was completed in 1643.The Taj Mahal stands at one end of the garden tomb with marble(大理石)path.The room is softly lighted by the light that passes through double screens of carved marble set high in the walls.The building now is kept in good condition.②
The Taj Mahal took 22 years to build.Shah Jehan planned a similar building, but in black instead of white, to lie on the other side of the river.But before it could be built, Shah Jehan was imprisoned(监禁)by his son and buried next to his wife in the Taj Mahal.注释 in good condition 处于良好的状况
1.The Taj Mahal was built for____.A.Mumtaz
B.Shah
C.Either Mumtaz or Shah
D.Both Mumtaz and Shah
2.Why do you think Shah Jehan was buried next to his wife?
A.His own tomb hadn't been built.B.He hoped to be buried there.C.King and Queen should be buried together.D.He liked Mumtaz all his life.3.The passage mainly tells us____.A.why the Taj Mahal was built
B.the love story between Shah and Mumtaz
C.some information about the Taj Mahal
D.the Taj Mahal—the pride of Indians
4.Form the passage we can learn that____.A.the Taj Mahal looks more beautiful than before.B.the Taj Mahal doesn't exist now.C.the Taj Mahal has completely changed.D.the Taj Mahal has become a place of interest.Cloze
In the past，most American mothers were at home to take care of their children during the day.Now, 1 , many mothers are working.More than half of the American women 2 young children have 3 outside the house.American families solve the child care 4 in different ways.Some parents allow 5 children to stay at home alone after school.The parents 6 make sure that their children, usually not younger than 10 years old , understand 7 rules and can deal with emergencies(紧急情况).① Other parents say they would 8 allow their children to be at home alone.They
usually 9 someone to take care of the 10.Some parents in the U.S.find their own ways to 11 the cost of child care.They join child care 12.Each person in the group 13 for the children of other group 14 at different times.Some parents ask local 15 , schools and social organizations to help16activities for the children.These child care choices often cost 17 or no money.Many American parents, however, still 18 with the problem of 19 good child care at a 20 price.1.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.thusD.however
2.A.like B.as C.with D.form
3.A.children B.jobs C.houses D.money
4.A.problem B.question C.chance D.choice
5.A.older B.younger C.sicker D.happier
6.A.can B.must C.may D.ought
7.A.dangerous B.safety C.funny D.true
8.A.rather B.certainly C.always D.never
9.A.tell B.stop C.pay D.invite
10.A.house B.neighbors C.old D.children
11.A.protect B.end C.cut D.increase
12.A.schools B.groups C.clubs D.hospitals
13.A.cares B.sends C.asks D.pays
14.A.strangers B.members C.officials D.teachers
15.A.shops B.markets C.churches D.restaurants
16.A.have B.offer C.play D.join
17.A.much B.little C.enoughD.a great deal
18.A.enjoy B.discuss C.quarrel D.struggle
19.A.taking B.finding C.losing D.suffering
20.A.high B.low C.reasonableD.real
Passage A
本文阐述了世界文化遗产所面临的危机，以及人类对这些问题所采取的补救措施。着重讲述了人类及世界文化遗产组织对故意破坏文化遗产的行为所采取的防范措施。
1.D.由第二段可知。
2.A.vandalism 由下文可知是故意破坏艺术的行为。
3.D.由最后一段可知。
Passage B
本文介绍了建造古埃及金字塔与墨西哥金字塔的缘由，并对比了两地金字塔的特点。
1.C.根据文章第一句可知。
2.C.根据“The ancient Egyptians compared the rising of the sun to the beginning of life and the setting of the sun to the end of life.”得出。
3.D.根据“They did not build the pyramids for tombs.”，“They used to build a pyramid and then a temple on top of it.”，“On the top they built a temple of the sun.”可知在金字塔上建庙目的是敬神。
Passage C
泰姬陵是莫卧尔王朝第五代皇帝沙贾汗为其爱妻泰姬?玛哈尔修建的陵墓，是世界闻名的印度建筑的代表作。这是一座全部用白色大理石建成的宫殿式陵园，是一件集伊斯兰和印度建筑艺术于一体的古代经典作品。
1.A.根据“It is in memory of his favorite wife.”可知应选A。
2.A.根据该文最后一句可得出。
3.C.本文主要讲述有关泰姬陵的一些信息。
4.D.其他三项的信息文中并没有提到或涉及，用排除法可选D。
Passage D
本文主要讲述了现今的美国妇女有了小孩后仍然出去工作，只能花钱请人照顾孩子而由此产生的一些问题。
1.D.however表示转折，意为“然而”。
2.C.有孩子的美国妇女。
3.B.根据前文“ many mothers are working” 得出。
4.A.problem 常与 settle 或 solve 搭配，意为“解决问题”。
5.A.根据下文内容应为“年龄较大的”。
6.B.must表示“必须”。
7.B.safety rules 意为“安全规则”。
8.D.根据下文可判断这里应是否定句。
9.C.pay sb.to do sth.应为“花钱雇人做某事”。
10.D.本文讲的是照顾孩子的问题，其他三项与内容无关。
11.C.降低照看小孩的成本。
12.B.下一句有提示。
13.A.care for意为“照顾”。
14.B.other group members意为“其他小组成员”。
15.C.church是一个慈善机构，可帮助照顾孩子。
16.B.offer意为“提供”。
17.B.根据下文“or no money”来判断应选little。
18.D.struggle with意为“争取解决”。
19.B.此空格意思上应是“找到”。
20.C.reasonable意为“合理的”，low 意为“低的”，比较起来 reasonable 为较好答案。
第三篇：高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案
阅读理解专项训练
A.If you travel by air across the center of Africa or south.America , you fly over forests for thousands of kilometers.These great forests are the oceans of trees.There are full of thousands and thousands of different kinds of plants and animals.However , the worlds forests are getting smaller all the time.We are cutting down the trees because we need wood , and we need more farm land.Some people say that there will not be any forests like these in 20 or 30 years.what will happen if they disappear ?
If we cut down our forests, a lot of plants and animals will disappear from the world.In a lot of places the new farm land will soon look like the old deserts.Crops will not grow there.It will not rain very often , and the weather will get very hot.Perhaps the climate of the world will change.This will be dangerous for everyone in the world.That is why we must take care of our forests.___1.The passage mainly tells us about ____.A.the importance of taking care of our plants B.the result of cutting down the trees C.the locations of great forests D.the reasons for forming the deserts ___2.Which of the following is true according to the passage ? A.Africa and South America are the oceans of trees.B.Forests are homes for different kinds of animals.C.Forests are usually several square kilometers large D.Different plants can't be found in the same forest.___3.The need for more wood and more land results in ____.A.the change of the world climate B.the disappearance of many plants and animals C.more deserts and less farm land.D.all of the above ___4.What will happen in 20 or 30 years in some people's view ? A.We'll have more and greater forests.B.We'll have enough land to support our people.C.We'll have no forests like those in the center of Africa.D.We'll have enough wood to do some cooking.___5.The writer thinks ____.A.it dangerous for everyone to cut down the forests B.it necessary for everyone to protect the forests C.it important for everyone to take care of the world D.it important for everyone to keep animals
B
A traveller hurried down to the hall of an American hotel and went to the cash-desk.He had just 15 minutes to pay his bill and get to the station.Suddenly he remembered that he had left something in his room.“Look here , boy , ” he said to the bellboy , “run up to my room and see if I have left a parcel on the table there.Be quick about it.”
The boy tan upstairs.Five minutes passed.The traveler was walking up and down the hall , looking very angry.At last the boy appeared.“Yes , sir , ” he reported to te traveler , “ you have left the parcel there , it's right the table in your room.” ___6.The traveler _______.A.ran down the street B.came downstairs very much C.ran so quickly that he fell down D.came into the hotel hall very quickly ___7.Which statement is true ? A.He had to pay his bill and arrived at the station in 15 minutes.B.It took him 15 minutes to go to the station from the hotel.C.He could pay his bill in 15 minutes and then go to the station.D.He had nothing but 15 minutes.___8.According to the passage , a bellboy is _____.A.a boy whose work is to ring the bell B.a boy who plays with a bell C.a boy whose work in a hotel id to help guests with their bags D.the hotel owner's boy ___9.The traveler asked the boy _____.A.to go upstairs B.to look for his parcel C.to fetch the parcel he had left in his room D.only to see if the parcel was on the table in his room ___10.Five minutes later , the boy ______.A.ran up to the room B.came downstairs C.reported to the traveler in the room D.came down to the hall but brought nothing back
C
Ted worked in a factory in a big town.He liked fishing very much , and was very good at it.Whenever he was free , he went to the small river behind the factory and tried to catch some fish , but there were very few there , because the river was polluted.Then one summer he went to the seaside during his holidays and stayed at a small cheap hotel.“I've never fished in the sea before , ” he thought.“ It will be rather different from fishing in out river.”
On the first day he caught a lot of fish and was very happy.He gave them to the owner of the hotel , and he cooked them for all the guests , and they enjoyed them very much.After that , he did this every day.But when Ted got his bill(账单）at the end of the week , he saw on it : “For oil to cook fish(7 days): $ 3.5.” ___11.In the first paragraph , the word “ Polluted ” means _____.A.clean B.deep C.dirty D.wide ___12.During the summer holidays one summer , Ted went to the seaside _____.A.to stay a cheap hotel B.to catch fish for the owner C.to cook fish for the guests D.to fish in the sea ___13.Ted gave the fish to the hotel for _____.A.nothing B.money C.the guest D.the bill ___14.When Ted got his bill , he felt _____.A.expensive B.surprise C.cheap D.pleased ___15.Which of the following is TRUE ? A.Ted went fishing every day when he worked in a factory.B.Ted didn't want to pay money for his staying at the hotel because the owner and the guests ate his fish.C.There were fewer fish in the river than in the sea.D.Ted thought it right for him to pay for the cook fish.D
Tom had retired(退休）and lived by himself a long way from town.He seldom left his home.But one day he went into town to buy some things in the market, and after he had bought them , he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table by himself.When he looked around , he saw several old people put eyeglasses o before reading their newspapers , so after lunch he decided to go to a store to buy himself some glasses too.He walked a long the road , and soon found a store.The man in the store made him try on a lot of glasses , but Tom always said , “No , I can't read with these.”
The man because more and more puzzles , until finally he said , “ Excuse me , but can you read at all ? ”
“No , of course I can't!” Tom said angrily , “If I was already able to read , do you think I could have come here to buy glasses ?” ___16.Tom lived ______.A.alone B.with his children C.happily D.with his wife ___17.He ______ to town.A.often B.sometimes C.didn't often go D.never went ___18.The old people Tom found in the restaurant ____ before reading their newspapers.A.were drinking something in the glasses B.put their glasses on C.took their glasses off D.looked around ___19.The store Tom went into sold _____.A.window glasses B.glasses for drinking C.glasses for people who couldn't read D.glasses for people who could see well ___20.Tom made a mistake that he ______.A.didn't try on all the glasses in the store B.thought that all old people could understand words in newspapers with glasses on C.couldn't read D.didn't try a special kind of glasses
E.These days' experience , like many other things , are becoming increasingly expensive.One has to get to pay a lot to get , even an ordinary one
Not long ago , I wanted to invite m friends to a lunch.What we really need was a good and a quiet place for a talk , not a big meal.So I chose one and told my friends to go there.After I ordered , I was asked whether I would eat a 100 yuan or 200 yuan lunch , I said , “200 yuan.” I didn't realize until I was asked to pay after lunch, that “200 yuan” means “200 yuan for person each.”
There were five people that day , and all of us were surprises by the 200 yuan meal.The bill came at last : it was 1260 [1000 for the five of us , plus the money for drinks , frits and air conditioning(空调）].I paid the bill without a word.What could I say ? It was not their fault(过失）.It was my own fault that made me pay the largest bill in my life.However , it was not so dad : we had a good lunch and at a quiet place.Besides , the experience will help in my later years.To support my idea, I have developed my own way of thinking about the price : 200 yuan for the lunch and 1060 for the experience.This paid experience has made me ten times wiser.___21.According to the passage , now one has to pay _____.A.more for a lunch in a restaurant B.more to get an ordinary lunch C.more for some experience C.increasingly high price ___22.I ordered a lunch ____.A.so as to have a big lunch B.so that we could have a good meal C.in order to introduce my friends to the restaurant D.to have a talk in a good place ___23.I thought I ordered a meal that would cost _____.A.me 100 yuan B.me 200 yuan C.us 200 yuan each D.me 1260 yuan ___24.The last sentence of the passage expressed ____.A.my thanks to the restaurant B.my happiness to be times wiser C.my anger at the experience D.my pleasure to have a good lunch ___25.I paid the largest bill in my life because ______.A.the restaurant cheated the customers B.there was a misunderstanding between the restaurant and the customer C.I was unknown to the restaurant D.I knew little about the market prices
F
One day a few years ago , a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine.He is a teacher at one of London's big medical schools.He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture.He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag , and he had put Rupert , the skeleton(人体骨架）to be used in his lecture , in a large brown suitcase At the airport desk , he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper.He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop.When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake.He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert.___26.Who wrote the story ? A.Rupert's teacher.B.The neighbour's teacher.C.A medical school teacher.D.The teacher's neighbour.___27.Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase ? A.He needed it for the summer term in London.B.He needed it for the lecture he was going to give.C.He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research.D.He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching.___28.What happened at the airport ? A.The skeleton went missing.B.The skeleton was stolen.C.The teacher forgot his suitcase.D.The teacher took the wrong suitcase.___29.Which of the following best tells the teacher's feeling about the incident ? A.He was angry.B.He thinks it very funny.C.He feels helpless without Rupert.D.He feels good without Rupert.___30.Which of the following might have happened afterwards ? A.The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert.B.The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert.C.The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase.D.The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert.G
I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in.Harry worked in a lawyer's office years ago , but he is now working at a bank.He gets a good salary , but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table.He has never borrowed money from me.While he was eating , I asked him to land me $ 2.To my surprise , he gave me the money immediately.“ I have never borrowed any money from you.”Harry said.“So please pay for the dinner.” ___31.Harry sat at the same table as the writer and ______.A.borrowed some money from him B.lent some money to him C.paid back some money to him D.begged for some money ___32.Harry wanted the writer to pay for the dinner because _____.A.he gave him $ 2 B.the writer hasn't ever lent him any money before C.the writer has never borrowed any money from Harry before D.he hasn't any money ___33.Harry is working at a bank _______.A.at the moment B.a year ago C.since last year D.for a year ___34.Harry sat at the same table.He didn't sit at ________ one.A.other B.a different C.extra D.another ___35.He gave him the money immediately.He gave him the money ______.A.soon B.in a hurry C.once more D.at once
H
It is surprising that eating three meals a day---breakfast ,lunch and dinner--has been a custom only since 1890.Before this time , they only had two meals a day--breakfast and dinner.In the 16th century , breakfast was only to break one's fast(随便吃一点）.But 200 years later it had became a large meal , not just for family , but for numbers guests as well.It was a social(社会的）event.It began at 10 a.m.and lasted until 1 p.m.Then breakfast began to be less popular.It became , instead , a lighter meal and was taken at a much earlier hour.by 1850 it had been pushed back to 8 a.m.and became a family meal.Dinner , however , went to the other way.In the 16th century it was eaten at 11 a.m.Years later , it had moved to the early afternoon , then to 5 p.m.By 1850 dinner time had reached 7 p.m.Lunch is a recent idea.It first appeared as a snack(小吃）to fill the gap(间隙）between breakfast and dinner.___36.English people did not have lunch _______.A.until 1890 B.after 1890 C.since 1890 D.by 1890 ___37.“Dinner , however , went to the other way ” means _______.A.Dinner didn't go there with breakfast B.Dinner took the same way with breakfast C.Dinner is different from breakfast.D.Dinner is the same with breakfast ___38.Lunch has been served since the _____ century.A.17th B.18th C.16th D.20th ___39.The selection is mostly concerned with(涉及）_____.A.what people eat for breakfast B.what people eat for dinner C.the history of supper D.the history of breakfast ___40.The selection leads the reader to believe that ______.A.our custom of meals is based in English custom B.before 1890 people couldn't eat the three meals a day C.breakfast is the most important meal for us D.the body can adjust to(适应）two or three meals a day
I
Two friends were eating at a small restaurant.On the table there was a cup of hot mustard(芥末）.One of them thought it was sweet and took a spoonful of it into his mouth.Tears ran down from his eyes.Nevertheless , wishing to have his friend caught in the same position , he said nothing.The other man , seeing that his friend was crying asked ,“What for , my dear friend ?”
“I was thinking of my father , who was hanged 20 years ago.” He replied.Soon after , the other man took a spoonful of the mustard and as tears started down from his eyes , his friend , in his return , asked , “ Why are you crying , then ?”
“To think that you were not hanged the same time your father was!” ___41.The reason why the first man didn't tell the second man what had happened is that _____.A.tears ran down from his eyes B.he wanted to play a trick on his friend C.there was some mustard in his mouth D.he was tasting the mustard ___42.From the passage we know that ______.A.the first man was really thinking of his father B.the first man's father was really hanged twenty years ago C.the first man had deep sorrow(悲伤）for his father's death D.the first man was good at playing tricks ___43.“To think that you were not hanged the same time your father was!” suggests that the second man _____.A.got to know that the first man had played a trick on him B.thought that the first man should have been hanged together with his father D.was sorry for the death of his friend's father ___44.What does the writer of the story want to tell us ? A.He wants to tell us not to play tricks on others.B.It doesn't matter to play tricks.C.He wants to tell us a funny story.D.He wants to tell us that playing tricks can make life more interesting.J
Greenwich（格林威治）is on the River , five miles from the middle of London , and its history is two thousand years old.The first English people were fishermen there , and they named the place Greenwich , meaning “green village”.Later the English kings and queens lived at Greenwich in their beautiful places.The name of the earliest palace was Placentia.Its windows were made of glass---the first in England.Henry VIII lived there.He knew that England must be strong at sea.So he started two big ship-yards(船坞）at Greenwich ,and for 350 years the ships which were made there were the best in the world.But trouble was coming to Greenwich.In 1649 , a war started in England and for eleven years there was no king.The men who had worked for him at Placentia decided to live the place themselves.They sold all its beautiful things , and bought small pieces of the palace garden with money.Finally , the war ended and King Charles II came back.But Placentia was falling down.So King Charles built a new and bigger palace , which is now open to the public.At this time , Charles was worried about losing so many of its ships at sea : their sailors did not know how to tell exactly where they were.So in 1675 , Charles made John Flamsteed , the first astronomer(天文学家）in England , try to find the answer.Flamsteed worked in a new building on the high ground in Greenwich Park.From it with a telescope which he made himself , Flamsteed could look all round the sky.And he did , night after night , for twenty years.Carrying on Flamsteed's work a hundred years later , an astronomer called Harrison finally made a clock which told the time at sea , and helped sailors to know where they were.You can see Harrison's clock , still working , in Greenwich's museum of the sea.Because of Flamsteed's work , every country in the world now tells its time by Greenwich time.___45.The first English people living in the “green village” were _____.A.sailors B.fishermen C.King Charles and his family D.The families of king and queens ___46.Placentia was _____ palace in Greenwich.A.the biggest B.smallest C.the earliest D.the latest ___67.What kind of trouble came to Greenwich in 1649 ? A.A war started in England.B.Placentia was destroyed.C.Ship-yards were built.D.King Henry died.___48.Charles made John Flamsteed try to find ______.A.how to tell the time B.hot to build ships C.a way for sailors to tell their positions at sea D.a place to set up a telescope ___49.Who made the first clock which could tell the time at sea ? A.Harrison B.Flamsteed C.Henry D.Charles ___50.Without Flamsteed's work ,it would be ___ for sailors to know where they were.A.impossible B.possible C.probable D.certain
阅读理解
1--20 ABDCB BACCD CDABC ACBDB 21-40 CDBCD DBABB BBABD ACDDD 41-50 BDACB CACAA
阅读理解
1--20 ABDCB 21-40 CDBCD 41-50 BDACB BACCD CDABC ACBDB DBABB BBABD ACDDD CACAA
第四篇：小升初英语阅读理解专项训练
阅读理解专项训练
People are busy working every day.They do not have enough time to do exercise.So many people become too fat or too thin.We need to do exercise to keep fit.There are many kinds of exercise.Bending and stretching helps us move easily.Before we play ball games or swim, we shall do bending and stretching exercise first.This kind of exercise is sometimes called warm-up exercise.Running is also good exercise.If we cannot run fast, we can jog.Jogging means running slowly.Again, before we run or jog, we must do some warm-up exercise.Also, we should not run or jog in busy streets.It is not safe and the air there is often dirty.（）1.makes many people too fat or too thin.A.Eating too much
B.Drinking too much
C.Having no time to do exercise
D.Doing too much exercise
（）2.Before we play ball games, we must first.A.swim
B.run
C.jog
D.do warm-up exercise
（）3.What does jogging mean ?
A.It means bending and stretching.B.It means warm-up exercise.C.It means running fast.D.It means running slowly.（）4.Which of the following sentences is RIGHT ?
A.People shouldn’t be busy working.B.There are not many kinds of exercise to keep fit.C.Jogging means running quickly.D.Busy streets are not good places for running.（）5.Which of the following sentences is WRONG ?
A.People have no time to do exercise because their work is very busy.B.We can do some warm-up exercise to run fast.C.We cannot jog in busy streets because it is dangerous.D.We shall do bending and stretching exercise to warm-up our body before we do exercise.The Smiths like to go out for a trip on Sundays.This Sunday they want to go to the West Hill.Jack and Mike, the sons, get up very early in the morning.Jack puts on a shirt and jeans, and Mike puts on a T-shirt and jeans.They also put on their running shoes.After they help their mother do the housework around the house, they put bread, meat, eggs and some fruit in a basket and carry it to the car.Mrs Smith also takes four tins of coke with her.The little dog is running after her.It wants to go with them, too.They are all very happy.（）1.On Sundays the Smiths like ___________.A.to stay at home
B.to watch TV
C.to go out for a trip
D.to do shopping
（）2.Jack and Mike wear ___________.A.jeans and running shoes
B.coats and trousers
C.jackets and jeans
D.jackets and coats
（）3.They take with them ___________.A.some apples and oranges
B.some bananas and pears
C.some meat and bread
D.some food and books
（）4.They can have ___________ each.A.two tins of coke
B.a tin of coke
C.four tins of coke
D.three tins of coke
（）5.What’s the best title for the passage?
A.The Smiths
B.The West Hill
C.Clothes
D.A Trip
Sim lives and works in a factory near London.He works hard on weekdays.On Saturday and Sunday he doesn’t go to work.Sometimes he goes to see his friends.This Saturday he is going to London with his friend, Mike.They are going to take 2:40 train on Friday afternoon.When they get to London, Sim’s friend, Jack, is going to take them home in his car.They are going to stay with Jack for the night.On Saturday morning, they are going to get up early.After breakfast, Jack is going to take them to Oxford University(牛津大学).Mike’s friend, Mr.White, is a teacher there.He is going to show them around the university.（）1.Sim works ___________
A.from morning to night
B.from Sunday to Saturday
C.from Monday to Friday
D.from Monday to Saturday
（）2.Sim is going to see his friends in London with his good friend __________.A.Mike
B.Jack
C.Mike’s teacher
D.Mike’s classmates
（）3.Sim and Mike are going to London ___________.A.on foot
B.by train
C.by bike
D.by car
（）4.________ Jack is going to take them to Oxford University.A.On Sunday
B.On Saturday
C.On Monday
D.On Wednesday
（）5.How many people are mentioned(提及)in this passage?
A.Two
B.Three
C.Four
D.Five
读故事，指出下面的句子是否与故事意思一致，如一致，在句子前的括号内写“T”，否则写“F”。
Kitty was a little cat.He was short.Gigi was a giraffe.He was tall.One day they played in the garden.In the garden there were many fruit trees.Kitty looked at the apples in the tree “Do you want to eat the apples in the tree, Kitty?” asked Gigi.“Yes, but I’m short.I can’t pick them,” answered Kitty.“Let me help you.I’m much taller than you,” said Gigi.“OK,” said Kitty.Then Gigi picked the apples in the trees and threw to Kitty.And Kitty put the apples into the basket.“Don’t pick too many apples.Now the basket is full,” said Kitty.“Shall we eat them now?”
“No, Kitty.The apples are dirty.Go and wash them first,” said Gigi.（）1.Kitty and Gigi were in the garden.（）2.Kitty wanted to have the pears in the trees.（）3.Gigi was tall, he could pick the apples.（）4.Kitty carried the apples to his home.（）5.They ate the apples before they wash them.The following discussion(讨论)took place(发生)between a father and his nine-year-old son.“It's unfair(不公平)，Dad.Mum wants me to make my bed, but I don't know how.”
“It's time for you to learn.Where are your clean sheets(床单)?”
“I don't know.”
“What do you mean you don't know? You need to take care of your things.”
“Where are Jack's sheets?”the father called to his wife.“Right next to ours，”the wife answered.After a moment，the father asked slowly,“Where are ours?”
（）61.The discussion takes place between ________.A.a husband and a wife
B.a mother and her son
C.a father and his son
D.a mother and a father
（）62.The son doesn’t know _____.A.how to wash his sheets
B.how to make his bed
C.how to clean his sheet
D.how to clean his be
（）63.The father doesn't know _____.A.how to wash sheets
B.how to make his bed
C.how to clean sheets
D.where his sheets are
（）64.The father says his son is _____ because he doesn't know where his _____ is.A.careful，sheet
B.careless，bed
C.careful，bed
D.careless，sheet
（）65.Who do you think take care of the housework(家务)in the family?
A.the father
B.the mother
C.the child
D.No one
There are 365 days in a year.We sleep 8 hours a day, so we have 122 days for sleeping.Then our work time has 243 days left.But there are 52 weekends in a year.Each weekend is two days.We lose another 104 days a year for work.It takes us about one hour to have breakfast and supper.This comes to 15 days over a year.But we can’t work all that time-we need a holiday.Let’s say we have three weeks’ holiday.We don’t work all day.Four free hours each evening takes up 61 days.We have to remember that we get 2 days’ holiday at Easter(复活节), 3 at Christmas and 1 at the New Year.There are also 4 Bank holidays.Take those 10 days away and we have 32 days for work.But then we have one and a half hours’ lunch every day, and half an hour’s coffee break.That comes to 30 days a year.This means that we have only a few days left for work every year!
（）71.How many days do we sleep in a year? __________ days.A.365
B.122
C.8
D.52
（）72.We spend 15 days on __________.A.rest
B.coffee break
C.lunch
D.breakfast and supper
（）73.Which of the following is true? __________
A.Each weekend is one day.B.We have 61 days for free time.C.We get 3 days’ holiday at Easter.D.Coffee break takes us one hour.（）74.According to the passage, we know that we don’t have __________ time to work every year.A.much too
B.so many
C.too much
D.too many
（）75.The writer means __________.A.we should know the numbers
B.time is important and we’d better not waste it
C.we need more holidays
D.a few days for work is enough
A man was walking through(穿过)a forest.He had a few caps in his hands.In the forest there were a lot of monkeys.The day was hot, so he decided to have a rest under a tree.He put one cap on his head and lay down to sleep.When he woke up, he couldn’t find his caps.“Where are my caps?” he cried and looked up.He saw some monkeys in the trees.Each had a cap on its head.“Give me back my caps!” shouted the man to the monkeys.But the monkeys didn’t understand him.They only jumped, laughed and danced.“How can I get back my caps?” he thought hard.In the end he had an idea.He took off his cap and threw(扔)it on the ground.The little animals did the same thing.Happily the man picked up all the caps and went on his way.（）46.One day a man was going __________.A.to the forest
B.through the forest
C.to a village
D.through the city
（）47.The man decided to have a rest because _________.A.he was hungry
B.he was tired
C.the day was hot
D.he was ill
（）48.When the man woke up____________.A.he found his caps were gone
B.he saw a fox
C.he had a fever
D.he found many monkeys
（）49.The man wanted to get his caps back, and he shouted to the monkeys，but it didn’t work.Why?
A.Because the monkeys wanted to laugh at him.B.Because the monkeys wanted to wear the caps.C.Because the monkeys didn’t understand him.D.Because the monkeys didn’t hear what he shouted.（）50.The man was ______when he got all his caps back.A.angry
B.surprised
C.sad
D.pleased
Peter is four years old.He is lovely.His father and mother love him very much.His mother often feeds food to him and carries him in her arms.Peter is too spoiled(宠坏).It is Sunday.His father wants to take him to the park.Little Peter is asking his father to carry him.His father says,“Peter, you have feet.You can walk yourself.“But mum always holds me in her arms,” say Peter unhappily.“Why do you have feet?”
“When I am not happy, I kick my mother with them,” says Peter happily.（）51.Peter is a ______ child.A.friendly
B.small
C.lovely
D.English
（）52.Peter’s _____ spoils him very much.A.mother
B.father
C.parents
D.people
（）53.Peter’s father ______ on this Sunday.A.is teaching him to walk
B.is taking him to play
C.is taking to him
D.is carrying him to the park
（）54.Peter ________.A.doesn’t have feet
B.doesn’t want to walk
C.can not walk
D.doesn’t want to go
（）55.Peter kicks his mother when he is ________.A.happy
B.walking
C.spoiled
D.unhappy
Mr Black works on a farm.He and his wife grow a lot of plants and they have some cows.Every day they work hard from morning to night.One day, Mr Black says to his wife ,“Let’s go to Portsmouth next Sunday.We can have a good lunch there and then we can go to the cinema.”
His wife is very happy when she hears this, because they always eat a lot, and she doesn’t like cooking three times a day.They go to Portsmouth by train and walk about for an hour(小时).At 12 o’clock, they want to have lunch.In front of one restaurant(饭店), they see a notice.It says, “Lunch: 12:30 to 2:30 1.5 pounds.”
“Well, that’s good.” Mrs Black says, “We can eat for two hours for 1.5 pounds here!This is the place for us.”
（）56.There are a lot of _____ on their farm.A.plants
B.dogs
C.cows
D.Both A and C
（）57._____usually does the cooking at home.A.Mr Black
B.Mrs Black
C.Neither A and B
D.Both A and B
（）58.Mr Black and Mrs Black walk about in Portsmouth for _____.A.two hours
B.three hours
C.one hour
D.four hours
（）59.At_____ o’clock, they want to have lunch.A.two
B.twelve
C.twenty
D.one
（）60.Portsmouth is the name of a _____.A.place
B.dogs
C.man
D.restaurant
A: Yang Ling, what did you do last Sunday?
B: I visited Lin Tao’s grandparents.A: Where do they live?
B: They live in a small town near Nanjing.They have a really nice house.I went there with Su Hai, Su Yang, Gao Shan, LiuTao and Ben.They were very glad to see us.Liu Tao’s grandpa showed us a lot of stamps from different countries.His grandma cooked us a nice lunch.We liked the food very much.A: What did you do there?
B: In the morning, we cleaned their house.In the afternoon, we worked in their garden.Su Hai and Su Yang watered the trees and flowers.Liu Tao and Gao Shan picked apples.Ben and I planted some trees.We worked for about two hours(小时).A: Were you tired?
B: No!I like working in the garden.We had a really good time.A: Great!I’d like to visit them, too.判断正误，用“√”“×”表示。
（）1.Gao Shan and Yang Ling visited Lin Tao’s grandparents last Sunday.（）2.On the farm, Yang Ling planted trees.（）3.Liu Tao’s grandma cooked a nice lunch.（）4.Yang Ling and Su Hai planted flowers.（）5.They worked on the farm for about two hours.Last week, the animals had a sports meeting.Elephant Beibei and Ant Lele had the weight lift.Although Lele is smaller and thinner, he lifted much heavier things than his body, so he won(获胜).Next, Rabbit Benben and Tortoise(乌龟)Xiaobai had a race.Benben thought(想)himself would be the winner(获胜者).He laughed at Xiaobai, “Follow me, slower guy?” He ran as fast as he could until(直到)he couldn’t see Xiaobai.“Let me have a rest,” he said to himself and slept under a big tree···
Suddenly he heard the cheers(欢呼声).Xiaobai won the first prize(第一名).Benben couldn’t laugh again.Questions:
1.When did the animals have a sports meeting?
_________________________________________________________________
2.Why could the ant win?
_________________________________________________________________
3.Did the rabbit win?
__________________________________________________________________
4.Why couldn’t Benben win the first prize?
__________________________________________________________________
It's Sunday morning.The students of Class 3 are giving their classroom a good cleaning.Miss Huang, their teacher, is working with them.The children are busy.Some are carrying water;some are cleaning the windows;others are sweeping the floor.Zhang Hua is putting up a map on the wall.It is a map of China.Wang Fei and Wei Qing are mending some broken chairs.The children are listening to the radio while they are working.The classroom looks nice and bright after the cleaning.The children are very happy.They go home for lunch at noon.（）1.The children are playing in their classroom on Sunday morning.（）2.Miss Huang, their mother, is working with them.（）3.There is a map of China on the wall.（）4.Two of them are repairing the broken chairs.（）5.They are singing while they are working.
第五篇：2018考研英语阅读理解练习题(附答案)
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2018考研英语阅读理解练习题（附答案）
Text 1
It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem and
organize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A.complete future job training
B.remodel the way of thinking
C.formulate logical hypotheses
D.perfect artwork production
22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A.experience
B.academic backgrounds
C.career prospects
D.interest
23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com
A.help students learn other computer languages B.have to be upgraded when new technologies come C.need improving when students look for jobs D.enable students to make big quick money 24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A.compete with a future army of programmers B.stay longer in the information technology industry C.become better prepared for the digitalized world D.bring forth innovative computer technologies 25.The word “coax”(Line4, Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.challenge B.persuade C.frighten D.misguide Text 1 答案 B remodel the way of thinking.Reshape 重塑
remold 重塑
Mold 名词-模型 模子
动词-形成塑造
解析：此题是文中人物观点题。根据Cortina定位到第二段前三句。Cortina认为尽早接触计算机科学是有益的。第三句It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.译为在转变思维程序方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生一样困难，即B remodel the way of thinking 转变思维方式即为同义替换。答案 D interest
解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引号里面内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而D interest为正确答案。答案 A help students learn other computer languages
解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是Deborah Seehorn认为在Flatiron这里所学到的技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段But处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learn„appl to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能可以应用于任何编码语言。对比答案选项，A选项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他的计算机语言”属于原文定位处的同义替换。答案 C become better prepared for the digitalized world
解析：细节题。题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron的学生被期望去干什么。据此定位到最后一段的These kids are going to be处，是题干的同义复现。定位句“These kids are„be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think„„.the better.”，意思是学生们越早学越好。C选项“为数字化的未来做更好的准备”是同义概述。答案 B persuade
解析：词义句意题，结合上下文来解题。根据coax此单词，定位到最后一段最后一句可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com
“how to coax the machine into producing what they want”，考察固定搭配“persuade„into„”。A选项挑战，B选项劝服，C选项使恐慌，D选项误导。考生做题时一定要注意结合上下文来推测生词的词义，这是命题人的出题 规律。
Text 2
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing.Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.26.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com
【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined
【解析】 推断题。根据France定位到文章前两段，第一段讲法国决定时装业失去了定义（define）形体美（physical beauty）的绝对权力。法国的立法者通过了一项法律，雇用超瘦的模特属于犯罪，议会也禁止网站通过推崇极端节食“鼓动过度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.他们建议美丽不应该以伤害身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”由此可知，法国通过立法手段来改变法国时装业模特超瘦的现状，即[A]项的“形体美将会被重新定义”，是对原文内容的合理推断。[B]项“将会建造新的舞台”，[C]项“有关节食的网站将会兴起”，[D]项“时装业将会衰退”，均不能从文中推测出来，属于“无中生有”。
27.The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2, Para 2)is closest in meaning to____
[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.【答案】 [D] doing harm to
【解析】猜词题。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.他们建议美丽不应该以
身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”impinging on后面的宾语为“health”，即对健康的某种影响。根据第二段第三句“对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死——正如曾有人这么做过的”，可见法国目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材，挨饿致死，因此推测出这一短语在这里的意思为“侵犯，伤害”，[D]项“对„„有害”正确。[A]项“增强了„„的价值”，[B]项“反映了„„的状态”，[C]项“对„„失去信心”均不符合句意。
28.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark
【解析】细节题。根据第五段第二句话“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion...在丹麦，它正尝试为模特设定自愿的标准„„”，可知[B]项“在丹麦新的标准正在被设定”是对原文的同义替换。[A]项“法国的措施失败了”；[C]项“不再有来自同行执法的压力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，属于“正反混淆”；[D]项“它固有的问题变得更严重了”，文中第五段只提及时装业有固有的问题，并未提及“变得更严重”，属于“无中生有”。
29.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____
[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com
[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors
【解析】推断题。题设为“一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝”，根据关键词CFW可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，该段提到丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄、健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，且一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且应该对此承担责任，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。因此[C]项的“不关心健康因素”符合题意，为正确答案。[D]项“追求完美的身体状况”，[B]项的“过多关注模特的性格”，[A]项“设定了一个模特高龄门槛”，均不符合题意。
30.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals 【解析】主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国通过立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，时装业已经失去了定义女性身体之美的绝对权力，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。第二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表，更不能以牺牲健康为代价，时装业应该为传递给女性的不良信息负责。第三段说明女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。第四段讲法国的措施更多的是依靠严厉的惩罚。最后三段提到了丹麦与法国截然不同的措施。纵观全文，文章主要在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施，因此[D]项的“对时装业身体典范的挑战”是对原文的“高度概括”。
Text 3
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com
also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.·31.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____
[A]its drastically decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D]the insistence of private landowners
32.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____
[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[C]granted less federal regulatory power
[D]went against conservation policies
33.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
34.According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in______
[A]the federal government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the landowners
[D]the states
35.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______
[A]industry groups
[B]the win-win rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan under challenge
答案 A its drastically decreased population
解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段But前后关于lesser prairie chickens 数量2million和22,000的强烈对比。此外第二段第二句“the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”都可以得知A its drastically decreased population 数量的急剧下降为正确答案。
答案 C granted less federal regulatory powers 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com
Grant 动词-同意允许；授予赋予
名词-补贴
解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第四句，They had „, a state that gives federal officials greater regulatory power.而But 之后是截然相反的事实，即政府授予了更少的管理权。故而C granted less federal regulatory powers为正确答案。
答案 A agree to pay a sum for compensation赔偿补偿 薪酬
解析：推断题。题干问的是从第三段推出来：无意伤害的那些人是不会被检举的如果怎么样。根据题干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute„.as long as „.”，题干中问的if即原文的as long as的同意替换，原文as long as的意思是：只要他们签署了计划。下一句说道，该计划要求个体和企业去支付基金。对应选项A选项“赞同支付赔偿”属于同义替换。
答案 D the states
解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段最后一句the idea is to let the“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species, Ashe said.其中in the driver’s seat对应题干中的the leading role, 故而D states为正确答案。
答案 C environmental groups群体团体
解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是Jay Lininger最可能支持谁，大写人名定位到末段最后一句。最后一句提到：生物学家Jay Lininger说道联邦政府要把责任推给导致鸟类灭绝的企业，显然是对政府和企业的反对。再往前看一句，指出：企业团体和政府部门观点一致，环境学家与其观点恰巧一致。因此，Jay Lininger最支持环境团体的观点了。
Text 3
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com
Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.36.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with
[A] tolerance
[B] skepticism
[C] uncertainty
[D] approval
【答案】[B]
【解析】观点态度题。题干问的是作者对有关CSR方面Milton Friedman的说法是什么态度。根据信号词Milton Friedman这个人定位到首段。注意题干问的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but转折处。But后句子的主干为：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可见作者对Milton Friedman所说的内容并不完全赞同，故选择答案[B]项怀疑。[A]项容忍，[C]项不确定，[D]项赞同，这三项均不是作者的态度，故排除。
37.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by
[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.【答案】[A]
【解析】细节题。根据题干中的出处提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways.This指的是CSR，根据接下来讲到的三点：第一点是，消费者认为这样的公司产品质量比较高；第二点是，顾客更愿意购买这样公司的产品；第三点是，通过一个更为广泛的“晕轮效应”，消费者会更多地考虑这样的公司的产品。可知，有CSR支出的公司会吸引更多的消费者，[A]项“赢得消费者的信任”，是对整个三点的总结，故为正确答案。[B]项 防止公司里的玩忽职守，[C]项 保护公司免受毁谤，[D]项 提升公司产品的质量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。
38.The expression “more lenient’(Line 2, Para.4)is closest in meaning to
[A] more effective
[B] less controversial
[C] less severe 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com
[D] more lasting
【答案】[C]
【解析】猜词题。根据题干中的出处提示“line 2, para.4”及信号词“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明显此句中more lenient 修饰 penalties(惩罚)，要想推测出more lenient的含义，需要知道被起诉的公司中，那些有着全面的CSR项目的公司和penalties 之间的联系。本项在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出来，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有较大投资的公司，当被起诉有贿赂行为时，所受到的罚金要比通常的罚金低40%左右，可知这样的公司会受到较轻的惩罚，故more lenient是较轻，即较不严重的意思，故选[C]项。[A]项 更有效的，[B]项 较少有争议的，[D]项 更持久的，这三项均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。
39.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record
[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.【答案】[A]
【解析】细节题。题干问的是 CSR record 与 prosecutors evaluate a case 的关系，根据题干中的信号词prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。这里的be influenced与[A]项 has an impact 对应，即一个公司的CSR会影响检察官对其案件的评估，故选[A]项。[B]项被检察官认为是可靠的证据，[C]项 增加了被惩罚的机会，[D]项 构成了调查的一部分，这三项均在原文中没有提及，故排除。
40.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?
[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.【答案】[B]
【解析】判断题题干问的是根据最后一段，有关CSR的论述哪个是对的。定位到原文最后一段，根据其内容可知“研究人员承认到其研究没有回答如下问题：公司应该在CSR方面花费多少钱”。[B]项的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花费是未知的”，属于原文的同义替换，故正确。[A]项 CSR对公司的负面影响经常被忽视，[C]项 公司对CSR的经济承担力被过高估计了，[D]项 CSR给银行业带来了很多好处，这三项在文中均为提及，故排除。
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