第一篇:防水部位验收超全总结
防水部位验收超全总结
冬天正在逐渐远离,空气中的湿度慢慢升高,今天我们总结了建筑节点防水要点,现场做检查及隐蔽验收必备品,一起来看吧。
常见渗漏水部位:
(1)现浇钢筋混凝土结构的伸缩缝、沉降缝、施工缝及预制构件的接缝处;
(2)温度变化、材料收缩和施工不良等引起的混凝土裂缝;
(3)因施工操作、管理不当引起的混凝土蜂窝、麻面、孔洞、露筋等缺陷处;
(4)承重结构中相邻的位移及支座沉降过大者;
(5)不同组合材料(砖混结构、外墙外保温系统)因材料线膨胀系数不同或相互之间粘结不好引起的裂缝、间隙或脱层等;
(6)施工后期各种材料因吸水或干燥引起的尺寸变化过大者;
(7)各种预留洞、预埋件、穿墙(或楼板、地面)管道、管子接口出入口密封不严处。
穿墙管
1、加强外观检查,保证翼环、止水环焊缝严密;
2、迎水面管根四周预留凹槽,采用柔性密封膏嵌填密实;
3、套管与管道之间采用聚氨酯发泡作为填充料,要求发泡密实;
4、橡胶圈要有足够的柔韧性,利用短管顶紧顶牢;
5、节点部位混凝土浇筑加强振捣,确保密实。
施工缝
1、止水带的安装位置必须严格控制,接头部位逐个检查,保证严密;
2、浇筑上层混凝土前,表面浮浆、松动石子清除干净;
3、聚氨酯涂膜加强层必须保证厚度。
变形缝
1、止水带埋设位置必须准确,其中空心圆环应于变形缝中心线重合;
2、止水带空心圆环直径应于变形缝的宽度相同;
3、变形缝外侧必须设置隔离层。
对拉螺栓孔
1、螺栓孔内塑料套管必须清除距两侧孔口以内不少于20mm范围,孔口要求适当扩大;
2、内外侧采用1:1干硬性水泥砂浆封堵严密,表面压光,砂浆嵌入螺栓孔内≥20mm;
3、外侧封堵部位涂刷聚氨酯涂膜,厚度不低于1.2mm,要求多遍涂刷,为方便检查,保证厚度,相邻两遍采用不同颜色进行,可采用红黄色交替进行;
3、堵塞时安排专人负责,及时分批办理隐蔽工程验收记录。
窗下口
1、充分考虑室外保温的厚度和室内窗台面层的做法,将窗台压顶做成内高外低;
2、外侧窗台流水坡度≥10%;
3、内侧窗台施工不允许采用干硬性砂浆;
4、外侧窗台顶标高严禁高于窗框下底标高;内侧窗台顶标高高于窗框下底标高不得大于2mm。
窗上口
1、飘窗顶面参照屋面做法,坡度要求≥5%;
2、外挑构件下部要求做鹰嘴或滴水线,鹰嘴坡度不小于10%。
水落口
1、水落口安装紧贴结构安装;
2、水落口部位直径500mm范围内的坡度不小于5%;
3、防水层贴入水落口杯内不小于5cm;
4、水落口周边凹槽必须采用密封材料封严。
出屋面管道
1、管道吊洞参照有水房间要求控制;
2、加强卷材防水附加层和防水层的套割质量,确保此部位防水材料铺贴吻合,避免补丁式,形成薄弱环节,留下渗漏隐患;
3、保证管根部位的泛水高度不低于屋面完成面以上250mm;
4、泛水收口必须严密;
5、每根管道、每个施工环节全数检查,合格后方可进行下道工序施工。
第二篇:建筑各部位防水方案
(2)建筑各部位防水方案
1)地下室外墙及底板采用三道防水设防 ①迎水面铺设两道卷材防水 ②砼外墙、底板结构自防水 2)普通屋面采用两道防水设施
3mm厚自粘型橡胶沥青聚酯胎防水卷材
3)卫生间、厨房采用一道放水设施(地面满涂、墙面涂1.8m或0.15m高),1.5m厚聚氨脂防水涂膜柔性防水。2.1.5 施工顺序
本工程的施工应遵照先地下,后地上,先土建后安装,先主体围护在装修,粗装修在前,精装修在后,主体施工期安装预留预埋配合,维护装修期间穿插交叉作业的原则进行施工。(1)抓住关键,制定合理的施工顺序是保证工期如期进行的节点。全部地下室部分尽早施工到±0.000,完成回填土施工,是整个结构施工的关键点,也为主体施工创造良好的施工现场和施工环境。结构工程分层段验收,插入砖封,附楼主体工程分层分段验收,及早插入促装修,在主体结构层完成后插入门窗框、内粉、地面垫层等逐层由二层开始向上流水,待结构主体封顶后,大面积的室内抹灰完成及结构完成后,视气候情况抢出屋面,内抹灰收工头工作可随外墙抹灰和装饰装修逐层由上至下完成,接着进行室外工程施工,安装工程插入则亦然,所有工作应做到:保证关键路线及时穿插搭接有序,一气呵成。(2)关键线路的施工顺序如下:
主楼验坑清底、修边、基坑支护→混凝土垫层→地下室底板防水→基础凉板→车库部分土方开挖→混凝土垫层→底板防水→基础梁板→地下室剪力墙→地下室顶板结构→地下室室外防水→回填土→主体结构→砌体→门窗框安装→内粉→楼地面→门窗木作→精装修→油玻→检修→收尾。2.1.6 施工准备(1)技术准备
1)会同建设单位搞好现场划分与工作布置,现场交接的重点是施工测量及有关地基处理资料的移交,详细复核有关红线点,布置现场临时用电线路,临时用水管线和其他临时设施,施工塔吊的基础应尽早安装塔吊
2)由项目经理部项目总工程师组织现场技术员,施工员,预算员,质检员认真熟悉图纸,了解设计意图,全面熟悉和掌握施工图纸的全部内容,检查各专业之间的预埋件,预埋洞位置的尺寸是否统一或遗漏,提出改进设计便于施工的合理化建议。积极组织有关人员参加图纸的预审会审。
3)组织项目部现场施工人员分专业熟悉审查图纸,做好图纸会审工作。
4)组织现场施工人员学习施工验收规范和操作规程,质量验收标准和《建设工程质量管理条例》
5)优化施工组织设计,绘制模版组装图,现浇板模版支撑图,进行内架支撑设计;制定施工测量,个分部分项工程施工方案与质量控制方法,制定质量通病预防措施,制定施工工艺标准。
6)组织项目部现场施工人员编制分部分项工程作业指导书。
7)向施工班组做好技术交底工作,技术交底的程序为:项目主任工程师—工长—班组长——工人,并以书面形式将安全技术交底连同施工任务书一同下达到班组。
8)建立本工程技术管理机构,与甲方、监理方共同确定运行程序和规章制度。
9)根据工程特点配备测量、计量工具、材料实验器具,并做好检修和认定工作。组织试验人员进行各种原材料取样试验。10)根据本工程特点,剪力墙模版的拼装支撑,钢筋的链接,绑扎;屋面防水以及安装工程,充分展开技术攻关。
11)做好特殊工种的上岗认证,考核和测试工作。12)根据本工程的结构类型和具体情况,结合以前的建筑工程施工经验,编制切实可行的施工组织设计,施工方案,施工作业指导书。在遵守国家和内蒙古自治区质量标准的前提下,建立健全质量管理体系,编制质量创优计划;贯彻ISO9002质量管理模式标准,编制本工程质量计划书;阐明施工工艺和主要项目的施工方法,劳动力组织和工程进度,质量和安全的保证措施,手机以前施工的各种经验性的资料,针对本工程的特点和难点,编制切实可行的分项施工方案,有效的指导现场施工。编制施工进度控制实施细则,分解工程进度控制目标,采取有效进度控制措施,保证工程进度控制目标。(2)物资准备
由我公司委派专人组织主材及地材等均应根据实际情况做好计划,分批分段按网络计划所需提前进场,并做好材料的储备工作。编制各项材料计划表,对各种材料的入库,保管和出库制定完善的管理办法,同时加强防盗防火的管理。生产部门及时配合,委托有关构件采购加工事宜,为施工按时完成创造好的物质条件。对混凝土结构构件所需的刚模版、竹胶板承重架、脚手架、扣件等设租赁站按所需规格、数量充足供应。做好各种机械设备的进场准备,及时组织机具设备的安装调试试运转,施工中所需的各种机具均需其被完好。(3)现场准备
1)办理《施工许可证》,《临时道路使用证》等手续,沟通建设单位,环卫,公安,税务等部门的联系,根据各项准备工作情况,提出开工报告,争取早日开工。
2)按照施工总平面图,布置现场,平整场地。整除现场内影响施工平面布置的垃圾,堆土和杂物等,按照施工总平面图布置现场机械和搭设临舍,最迟在进场后7天完成。3)塔吊等大型机械经检修后陆续进场,按总平面图布置。(4)施工机械准备
1)项目部生产安全股根据施工总平面图《主要施工机械需用量计划表》,提出机械,设备需用量计划,审批后报项目部材料设备股。
2)材料设备股根据需用计划联系落实机械设备。
3)组织各种经检修后的机械进场,生产安全股根据总平面图布置就为。4)材料设备股对进场后各种机械进行验收和试运转。(5)材料进场准备
1)项目部经营财务股和生产安全股根据图纸提出材料的需求计划,报材料设备股。2)材料设备股根据需求计划联系材料,认质认价,落实进场时间。3)施工用脚手架,模版等周转材料,按照施工进度需要分批进场。
(6)配合甲方完成施工报建的有关手续配合甲方完成施工报建的有关手续,制作六牌一图(即建设单位,施工单位名称,工程概况牌,质量管理体系牌,安全标识牌,文明施工管理体系牌及施工平面图),并挂在醒目位置 2.1.7施工协调
工程内部的协调管理主要是围绕工程建设本身而确定的,主要有业主,设计方,监理及各参建分包单位。
首先,总承包管理应协调好与业主的关系,服从业主的领导,通过良好的合作确保本工程承包合同的全面履行,其主要表现是:定期召开与业主的碰头会,讨论解决施工过程中所出现的各种矛盾及问题,理顺每一阶段的关系,从施工角度结合以往的施工经验为业主当好参谋,为工程建设降低造价,提高质量献计献策,并在施工中为业主着想,达到业主提出的各种合理的要求,从而建立融洽的工作关系。其次,我们的总承包管理应与设计单位进行友好的协作,以获得设计方的大力支撑,保证工程能符合设计方的构思要求及国家有关规范规定的质量要求。其主要表现为:定期向设计方介绍施工情况及采用的施工工艺,在每个单位工程及分项分部工程前向设计方提交有关的施工方
第三篇:超全的论文格式总结
附件E1
唐山学院毕业设计(论文)撰写规范
为加强毕业设计(论文)工作的规范化管理,保证毕业设计(论文)质量,按照我院毕 业设计(论文)工作管理规定,根据实际情况,特制定毕业设计(论文)撰写规范。
1.毕业设计(论文)结构及要求
1.1毕业设计(论文)资料组成毕业设计(论文)资料由下列内容组成:①题目申报表;②任务书;③开题报告;④中期检查表;⑤毕业设计(论文)文本;⑥指导教师、评阅教师和答辩小组评议书;⑦答辩委员会意见;⑧指导记录等。以上所列资料均应按教务处设计的模版中所给定的格式,把项目填写齐全。
1.2毕业设计(论文)文本的组成毕业设计(论文)文本由下列内容组成:
①中、外文摘要;②目录;③正文;④谢辞;⑤参考文献;⑥附录;⑦外文资料翻译。
1.2.1中、外文摘要及关键词
摘要是毕业设计(论文)的主要内容和评论的简短陈述,主要是说明研究工作的目的、方法和结论。摘要应具有独立性,应排除在本学科领域已成为常识的内容,要独立成文,选词用语要避免与全文尤其是前言和结论部分雷同。结构要严谨,表达要简明,语义要确切,要客观陈述,不宜加主观评价。摘要中通常不用图表、化学结构式以及非通用的符号和术语。
毕业设计(论文)的摘要包含中文摘要和外文摘要。
关键词是从设计或论文中选取出来,用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。关键词不宜用非通用的符号和分子式。
关键词的个数为3-8个。中、外文关键词应一一对应。
1.2.2目录
目录由毕业设计(论文)各部分内容的顺序号、名称和页码组成,目录应该用“„„„„”符号连接名称与页码。要求标题层次清晰,目录中标题应与正文中标题一致。
1.2.3正文
毕业设计(论文)的正文包括前言(引言)、主要内容、结论三个部分。
正文内容序号为:1;1.1;1.1.1;1.1.1.1等。
1.2.3.1前言(引言)
前言(引言)主要说明研究工作的目的、内容,对前人工作的评述以及理论分析、研究设想、研究方法、实验设计、预期结果和意义等。
1.2.3.2主要内容
设计(论文)主要内容是作者对研究工作的详细表述。它占全文的绝大部分,其内容包括:问题的提出,研究工作的基本前提、假设和条件;基本概念和理论基础;模型及实验方案的拟定、实施和分析;设计计算的方法和内容;理论论证,理论在课题中的应用及课题得出的结果和讨论等,具体要求如下:
(1)理论分析部分应写明所作的假设及其合理性,所用的分析方法、计算方法、实验方法等那些是他人用过的,那些是自己改进的,那些是自己创造的,以便指导教师审查和纠正,篇幅不宜过多,应以简练的文字概略地表达。
(2)对于用实验方法研究的课题,应具体说明实验用的装置、仪器的性能,并应对所用装置、仪器做出检验和标定。对实验的过程和操作方法,力求叙述简明扼要,对人所共知的内容或细节内容不必详述。
(3)对于经过理论推导达到研究目的的课题,内容要精心组织,做到概念准确,判断推理符合客观事物的发展规律,要做到言之有序,言之有理,以论点为中心,组成完整而严谨的内容整体。
正文中的图、表格按下述要求处理:
正文中的图主要包括曲线图、示意图、图解、流程图、记录图、照片等。
对于图,要有图号及简短确切的题名,图号按顺序编号,并居中置于图下。
对于图纸,要求图面整洁,布局合理,线条粗细均匀,圆弧连接光滑,尺寸标注规范,文字注释使用工程字书写。提倡使用计算机绘图。
表格的编排一般是内容和测试项目由左向右横读,数据依序竖排。要有表格号、表格名及必要的说明,居中置于表格的上方,表格中文字符号的字体应比正文小一号。
1.2.3.3结论
结论是对整个研究工作进行归纳和综合而得出的总结,应包括所得结果与已有结果的比较和本课题尚存在的问题,以及进一步开展研究的见解与建议。结论集中反映作者的研究成果,表达作者对所研究的课题的见解,是全文的思想精髓,是文章价值的体现,结论要写得概括、简短。撰写时应注意以下几点。
(1)结论要简洁、明确,措辞应严密,且又容易被人领会;
(2)结论应反映个人的研究工作,属于他人已有过的结论要少提;
(3)要实事求是地介绍自己研究的成果,切忌言过其实,在无充分把握时应留有余地,因为科学问题的探索是永无止境的。
1.2.4谢辞(致谢)
谢辞(致谢)是对给予帮助、指导和协助完成研究工作以及提供各种条件的单位和个人表示的感谢,也是对他人劳动的尊重。
1.2.5 参考文献
参考文献,是论文的重要组成部分。所列出的文献,应当是作者亲自阅读或引用过的,不应转录他人文后的文献。在写资料出处时一定要亲自核实,不要出现差错。指导者与评阅者应进行核实查对,以保证其真实可靠。所引用的文献,应是公开出版的刊物,内部刊物一般不引用。
参考文献的著录,按著者/题名/出版事项等顺序排列:
期刊——著者,题名,期刊名称,出版年,卷号(期号),起始页码。
书籍——著者,书名,版次(第一版不标注),出版地,出版者,出版年,起始页码。
1.2.6附录
为了材料的完整性,编入正文有显过繁,而又能比正文提供更多信息的内容可考虑编写附录。
附录主要包括以下内容:正文中所使用公式的推导;研究方法和技术的更深入叙述;以备查读所需的辅助性工具或表格;使用的主要符号、意义、单位、缩写、程序全文及说明等。
1.2.7外文资料翻译
外文资料翻译要求表述准确,语言通顺,要有标题、署名、正文、著录等项目。
2.毕业设计(论文)打印格式
2.1打印及纸张
根据教务处提供的模版格式,毕业设计(论文)原则上使用A4规格的纸张打印。
2.2字号及字体
论文题目„„„„„„„„„„„黑体二号
“摘要”字样„„„„„„„„„黑体三号
摘要正文„„„„„„„„„„„宋体小四
关键词„„„„„„„„„„„„宋体小四
论文正文
第一层次的题序和标题„„„黑体三号
第二层次的题序和标题„„„黑体小三
第三层次的题序和标题„„„黑体四号
正文„„„„„„„„„„„宋体小四
页码„„„„„„„„„„„五号居中
3.毕业设计(论文)装订顺序
毕业设计(论文)装订顺序依次为封面、任务书、指导教师及评阅教师评阅书、答辩委员会成绩评定书、毕业设计(论文)文本、封底等。
教务处
2010年1月16日
第四篇:中药鉴定总结(超全)[范文]
采收加工总结
(一)采挖时间有异于一般规律的品种
1绵马贯众:夏秋采挖根茎,祛除杂质,晒干。
2皇太子参:夏季采收
3附子:夏至至立秋间采挖
4白芍:夏、秋两季采挖
5延胡索:5-7月植株枯萎后采挖
6白芷:夏、秋间、叶黄时、挖取根部。
7芎藭:夏季当茎上的节盘显著凸起,并略带紫色时采挖,祛除茎叶土壤,晒至半干后再炕干,撞去须根。
8中夏:夏、秋两季都可采挖
9四川的贝母母:因地而异,西北地域、一般在6-7月雪融后采挖。
10浙贝母:初夏植株枯萎后采挖。
11麦冬:浙江小满至夏季采收,四川清明至谷雨采挖。
(二)产地加工需发汗的中药品种有:
1玄参:晒至半干,堆放发汗至内部变黑色,再晒干或烘焙。
2杜仲:使之“发汗”至内皮呈紫褐色时,取出晒干。
3厚朴
4茯苓:“发汗”阴干5 广藿香麦冬: 杜玄茯,麦厚汗。
(三)加工时需用硫磺熏的品种
1牛膝草:捆成小把晒至干皱后用硫磺熏数次,将顶端切齐晒干。2云连 硫熏附,牛豆山,3泽泻:用硫磺熏白晒干。泽云连,贝母川。
4(白)豆蔻晒干或用硫磺熏,使果皮漂白。
5四川的贝母母
6 山药
7 附子(白附片)硫磺熏后晒干
(四)产地加工需煮的品种。(或蒸或烫的)
1狗脊:熟狗脊片、沸水煮或蒸后晒至六、七成干再切片晒干。
2皇太子参:夏季茎叶大部门枯萎时,采挖,祛除须根,晒干或沸水中略烫后晒干。
3白芍:祛除头尾及须根,刮去外皮,置沸水煮至透心立即捞出,放入冷水中浸泡,取出晒干(有的先煮后刮皮,再干燥)
4延胡索:放入开水中略煮至内部中心有芝麻样小白点时为度,立即捞出晒干。
5红参:(人参的一种规格,95药典已列为一新的品种)取洗净的参,祛除根茎部的不定根及支根或仅祛除细支根及须根,蒸3小时左右,取出晒干或烘焙。
6附子:黑顺片,煮,复用调色液染成浓茶色,烘至半干,再晒干;白附片,先煮,剥皮,切成纵薄片,水浸漂,蒸,晒至半干,再硫磺熏后晒干。
7百部:蒸或在沸水中煮至无白心,取出晒干。
8天麻:用净水漂洗,蒸透心,低温干燥(60℃以下)。
9厚朴:置沸水中微煮后,堆置土坑里,上盖绿色的草使之“发汗”待水分自内部渗出后,内外貌变紫褐色或棕褐色时再蒸软,取出,卷成筒状,晒干或烘焙。根皮及枝皮剥下后可直接阴干。木瓜:也有入沸水中约烫5分钟,外皮全部转色时,捞摆摊晒、日晒夜露,光彩变红,皮有皱纹儿,干燥即可。
11连翘:青翘加工时,祛除杂质蒸熟,晒干。
12栀子:入沸水烫随即捞出晒干,也可蒸熟后晒干。
13五倍子:置沸水中略煮或蒸至外外貌酿成灰色,以杀死内部的腻虫为度。取出晒干。
14全蝎:入盐水锅中煮了3-4小时煮至身能挺直竖立,违面抽沟,腹瘪时捞出,置通风处阴干。
15蚂蟥:置沸水中烫死,晒干或低温烘焙。
16斑蝥:闷死或烫死,晒干。
17鹿茸:锯茸、立即举行烫炸等加工、阴干或烘焙。郁金:蒸至透心,取出晒干(浙江用郁金叶烧灰后,与块根拌以及,即能使根颜色变黑,又容易晒干。
蒸人天,厚郁连。煮黑附,芍延胡,盐蝎煮。烫栀木,太蝥土,还有鹿。蒸或煮,狗脊五。煮后蒸,片白附。
(五)干燥特殊的品种
1肉桂:阴干或放置阴凉处2-3天后,于弱光下晒干。
2番泻叶:阴干
3辛夷:阴干
4忍冬:通风处阴干或摊成薄层晒干。阴干辛细牛麝款,5款冬花:阴干 金银茯苓肉蒿番。6商陆:晒干或阴干
7槟榔:用水煮后低温烘焙,剥去果皮取出胚珠。
8砂仁:连壳低温焙干。
9细辛:阴干
10薄荷:晒干或凉干
11青蒿:阴干
12茯苓:阴干 乌蛇木柴熏,13乌梢蛇:木柴熏至发黑,晒干。低温焙砂仁,14麝香:阴干或用干燥器密闭干燥。薄商晒或阴。
15牛黄:阴干
一、儿茶、含儿茶素以及表儿茶素的总含量不少于21.0%。
2、蟾酥:含华蟾酥基以及脂蟾毒配基总量不少于6.0%。
3、何首乌:含2,3,5,4ˊ-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-0-β-D蒲萄糖苷不得少于1.0%。
四、大黄:大黄素以及大黄酚的总量不得少于0.5%。
5、白芍:含芍药苷不得少于0.8%。
6、甘草:苷草酸不得少于2.0%。
7、西洋参:人参皂苷Rb1不得少于1.0%。
八、人参:生晒参、生晒山参、人参皂苷Rg1以及人参皂苷Re的总量不得少于0.25%;红参
总量不得少于0.20%。
九、防风:含升麻苷以及5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷总量不得少于0.24%。
10、杜仲:含松脂醇二蒲萄糖苷不得少于0.1%。
1一、蓼大青叶:含深蓝色不得少于0.5%。
12、田七:人参皂苷Rb1以及人参皂苷Rg1的总量不得少于3.8%。
13、厚朴:厚朴酚与以及厚朴酚总量不得少于2.0%。
1四、天麻:天麻素不得少于0.10%。
15、龙胆:龙胆苦苷不得少于1.0%。
16、丹参:丹参酮ⅡA不得少于0.20%。
17、黄芩:药材黄芩苷不得少于9.0%,黄芩片不得少于8.0%,酒黄芩不得少于8.0%。
1八、木香:木香烃内酯不得少于0.60%。
1九、吴茱萸:含吴茱萸胺,吴茱萸次碱的总量不得少于0.20%。20、连翘:连翘苷不得少于0.15%。
2一、血竭:含血竭素不得少于1.0%。
22、冬虫夏草:含腺苷不得少于0.010%。
23、马钱子:含士的宁(番木鳖碱)应为1.20-2.20%。
一、丁香:丁香酚不得少于11.0%。
2、斑蝥:斑蝥素不得少于0.35%。
3、麝香:麝香酮不得少于2.0%。
一、紫草:羟基萘醌总色素以左旋紫草素计算不得少于0.80%。
2、槐花:含芦丁槐花不得少于8.0%,槐米不得少于20.0%。
3、番泻叶:总番泻苷以番泻苷B计不得少于2.5%。
四、制川乌:含乌头碱不得少于0.20%。
5、牛黄:胆红素不得少于35.0%。
6、青黛:在610nm波长处测定吸收度,含深蓝色不得少于2.0%。
7、防己:含粉防己碱不得少于0.70%。
八、红牡丹皮:单皮酚不得少于1.20%。
水溶性浸出物:
一、黄芪(冷)不得少于17.0%。
2、地黄(冷浸)不得少于65.0%
3、百部(热浸)不得少于50.0%。
四、麦冬(冷浸)不得少于60%。
乙醇浸出物测定
一、板蓝根:热浸法不得少于25.0%。
2、柴胡:热浸法不得少于11.0%
3、党参:热浸法不得少于55.0%。
四、杜仲:热浸法药材不得少于11.0%,盐杜仲不的少于12.0%。
5、连翘:(冷浸)(65%乙醇)青翘不得少于30.0%老翘不得少于16.0%。
6、双黄连(热浸),不得少于8.0%。
7、全蝎(热浸),不得少于20.0%。
八、款项白花蛇(热浸),不得少于15.0%。
九、五步蛇(热浸),不得少于10.0%。
10、乌梢蛇(热浸),不得少于12%。杀虫药残毒及有毒事物查抄:
一、甘草:六六六(总BHC)不得过万极其之二;滴滴涕(总DDT)不得过万极其之二;五氯硝基苯(PCNB)不得过万极其之一。
2、黄芪:六六六(总BHC)不得过万极其之二;滴滴涕(总DDT)不得过万极其之二;五氯硝基苯(PCNB)不得过万极其之一。
3、生石膏:含重金属不得过百极其之十;砷盐不得过百极其之二。
三、入药部位总结
(一)根入药的品种
何首乌(块根)怀牛膝草 川牛膝草 商陆银柴胡 皇太子参(块根)川乌(母根)附子(侧根)白芍 赤芍 防己板蓝根 地榆 葛根 黄芪 人参(带有根茎,但药用时去掉)西洋参田七 白芷 当归 前胡 防风柴胡 北沙参 秦艽 紫草 黄芩玄参 巴戟天 续断 栝楼根花粉 桔梗党参 南沙参 木香 百部(块根)天冬(块根)麦冬(块根)郁金(块根)远志 地黄(块根)草乌(块根)苦参 红参 川木香
注意:其中块根入药的8种 何首乌、皇太子参、草乌、地黄、百部、天冬、麦冬、郁金。何太草块根、二冬百地金。
(二)根茎入药物的品种 双子叶植物根为主,根茎芎黄北豆二术。
狗脊 锦马贯众(带叶柄的根茎)芎藭 黄连胡黄连 北豆根 白术 苍术 延胡索(块茎)三棱(块茎)泽泻(块茎)香附天南草(块茎)中夏(块茎)石菖蒲四川的贝母母(鳞茎)浙贝母(鳞茎)黄精玉竹 知母 山药(块茎)莪术姜黄 天麻(块茎)白及(块茎)
注意:其中以块茎入药的有8种 延胡索、三棱、泽泻、天南草、中夏、山药、天麻、白及。延胡三泽是块茎,其中以鳞茎入药的2种:四川的贝母、浙贝。天麻山半及南星,(三)根与根茎入药的品种: 四川的贝母浙贝是鳞茎。
1大黄(根与根茎)2威灵仙(根与根茎)3甘草(根与根茎)4龙胆(根与根茎)5徐长卿(根及根茎)6丹参(根及根茎)7茜草(根及根茎)8紫菀(根与根茎)9 山豆根(根与根茎)
注意:威灵仙、龙胆、徐长卿、茜草、紫菀为马尾状根类。根及根茎马尾根(5种),剩下:大黄、丹参、甘草、山豆根不是马尾状根类。再加山甘大丹参,(四)根茎及根入药的品种 虎藁羌活根茎根。
1虎杖(根茎与根)2藁本(根茎与根)3羌活(根茎与根)中药鉴定随笔总结笔记一
中药鉴定随笔总结 1 中药鉴定的依据:中国药典以及部颁药品标准金井玉栏:黄芪,板兰根,桔梗 解离组织片的三种要领:销铬酸法,氯酸钾法以及氰氧化钾法,详细到每个的适答对像饮片的规格:如极蒲片是0.5mm以下,薄片是1-2mm,厚片是2-4,斜片也是2-4mm,块为8-12mm,皮类药材宽为2-3mm;叶类药材宽为5-10mm,段长为5-10mm等等膨胀度测定的药材有:南(北)葶苈子,虾蟆油 我国共刊行了8部药典,为53 63 77 85 90 95 2000 2005,其中53只有一部,而05有三部门别是什么重点记第三部?其它的只有两部 白术:是执业测验书中唯逐一个可以用色度查抄的药材。(联系记含有针晶,白色以及大夫注射联系记)。重金属查抄:甘草,黄芪,白芍,西洋参,忍冬,分别是要查抄砷,铅,铜,汞,镉,分别是百极其之二,之五,之二十,万极其之二,万极其之五,有那一些药材要记,但后面的注体查抄什么以及含量可以不记 中药鉴定最经常使用的要领是薄层色谱法 挥发油测定要领分甲法以及乙法,甲法相对疏密程度在1.0以下,乙法相对疏密程度在1.0以上(如丁香)草酸钙方晶以及含有鞘纤维的:苦参,甘草,黄柏 泻叶 鸡血藤细辛:以前用的全草,现在改用地下部门,也就是根及根茎 含有蒽醌类及游离蒽醌类:大黄,虎杖,何首乌,茜草,巴戟天,大血藤,番泻叶,决明子,注意既然有蒽醌就一般都有蒽醌类的反映 川乌:具有后生皮层,来源记住是毛茛科乌头的母根,附子为它的侧根的加工品,而草乌是北乌头的块根 北豆根:防已科本物蝙蝠葛干燥根茎
山豆根:豆科越南槐的根茎 西洋参含有:拟人参F11,而人参无,含Rf 田七:又称铜皮铁骨,主产云南纹山,含止血成份主要为田七氨酸,又名田七素含有香豆素:白芷,前胡,北沙参,南沙参,防风,秦皮,羌活,肉桂,补骨脂,小茴香,茵陈,青蒿,甘草,桑白皮,连翘,含有这种极其的药基本都有香豆素类的反映,如加盐酸以及三氯化铁显紫红色。注主身分含量较高反映才明显(yuan)鸢尾科的药就只两个,一个是西红花(柱头)记住主产地是西班牙而不是xizang,一个是射干。所以把只有一到两个科属的建议各人一定要记住 20 银柴胡有真珠盘;商陆有罗经纹,何首乌有云锦状花纹防风有油头,注意川木香也有油头辰砂点:羌活中的竹节羌,苍术中的苍术等 知母有金包头,玄参有羊角,松贝怀中抱月,杜仲雪白色胶丝,可以适当记一下他的松脂醇二B-D蒲萄糖甘为降压有用身分,联系在记盐炒的降压效用强,而生用偏于补益肝肾,因为我时常听见有的人说生的降压效用强,所以多补充了一下。白鲜皮是所学过中药中唯一具有羊腥气息的药材同心环状纹:牛膝草,川牛膝草,商陆狗脊:木质茎有一明显凸起的棕黄色木质大黄:髓部有星点 柴胡:有皂甘,含有芦丁,联系记芦丁为黄酮醇类化合物,基本母查对3苯基色原酮注意芦丁在进修化课时怎么提取是重点,在联系记黄酮基本母核是2苯基色原酮等等。含环烯醚萜甘:龙胆,地黄,玄参,胡黄连,栀子,杜仲 徐长卿:萝摩科,联系登记功绩能以及需要后下,这个药执药中等考,功能以执业的标准,以前的课本上的不完全。
丹参:从飞人乔丹中记到含菲醌类化合物,别名有一个是紫丹参,因为它的花有黄色,但请记住,紫参是拳参而不是丹参。
来源得起码要记住四大怀药,浙八味,从其中联系记二母是知母以及浙贝母,在记浙贝母芯芽在3.5cm以上并去芯芽加工的是大贝,而在3.5cm以下不去芯芽者为珠贝,不要认为珠贝就是四川的贝母,还在记一些经常使用药的主产地,如东北三宝,云南产的木香,茯苓,田七等
贵州主产:天麻,天冬,杜仲,辰砂,黄精等,呵呵,是贵州的就记两个了。
广药:砂仁,霍香,款项草,地龙,蛤蚧,肉桂
巴戟天:茜草科,皮部横向断离露出木质茎形似连珠
玄参以及瓜萎具有特殊的焦糖味
莪术,姜黄,郁金的来源区别与联系
大血藤:木通科,横断面皮部呈现红棕色有数处向内嵌入木部
鸡血藤:3-8个偏疼性半环形,髓部偏向一侧
奇南香:以沉水者为好,但并不暗示必需沉入水
肉桂味甜而微辛,锡兰肉桂,味辛而凉
香加皮特殊香气,地骨皮味苦有非常刺激感 43 桑白皮:撕裂时粉尘飞扬
蓼大青叶为异面叶,基部渐狭,全缘
大青叶基部渐狭至基柄成翼状
紫花地丁:分果瓣船形
蒲公英:又称黄花地丁,基部下延成柄状
番泻叶为等面叶,叶类少有,气孔平轴式,46 花蕾入药:丁香,忍冬,辛夷花,槐米
粟米须花柱入药,莲须雄蕊入药
蒲黄:花粉粒网状雕纹,周边大概轮廓平滑,呈现凸波状或齿轮状,具有单萌生孔
丁香:花粉粒极面观三角学形,赤道面观呈双凸镜形,具3副合沟,角端各一个萌生孔,主含挥发油,油中主要身分为丁香酚
洋金花:花粉粒外貌观点状条形条纹,自两极向四向呈现放射状摆列
忍冬:花粉粒细刺状突起,具萌生孔3个
红花:花粉粒有齿状寄信起,具3个萌生孔
款冬花:有三连朵,记住不是枇杷花,有的人认为是,只要知道科属就知道不是,款冬是菊科,而枇杷叶属于蔷薇科
黄酮类:葛根,黄芪,忍冬,罗布麻叶,地榆,菊花,淫羊霍,虎杖,皇太子参,苦参,甘草,田七,柴胡,麦冬,桑白皮,槐花,款冬花,黄芩,儿茶,青蒿,穿心连,款项草,紫花地丁,枳壳,小茴香,菟丝了,砂仁,槲寄生,红花,蒲黄,木瓜,山查等具有黄酮一般有它的反映,但要含量高的身分明显
有生命的物质碱:川乌,草乌,益母草,元胡,附子,牵牛花子,黄连{异喹啉类结构含有特征性身分,黄连碱以及表小壁碱),防已,菊花,吴芋,马钱子(吲哚类结构),淫羊霍,石斛,虫草,灵芝,蛤蚧,甘草,北沙参,灵芝,苦参,党参,黄柏,秦皮,地骨皮,天南草,中夏,百部,四川的贝母,浙贝,钩藤,厚朴,辛夷花,菊花
皂甘:牛膝草,沙菀子,木通,山查,商陆,皇太子参,威灵仙,白芍,赤芍,地榆,黄芪,木瓜,金樱子,枣仁,枣皮,连召,栀子,瓜萎,砂仁,白豆蔻,槲寄生,紫花地丁,板兰根,葛根,西洋参,田七,柴胡,南沙参,麦冬,知母,具有皂甘类化合物反映
含鞣质:地榆,五倍子,木瓜,山查,枣皮,款项草,绵马贯众,大黄,虎杖,白芍,赤芍,大血藤,鸡血藤,厚朴,秦皮,金樱子,儿茶
含挥发油:川(木香),细辛,前胡,防风,柴胡,补骨脂,吴芋,小茴香,砂仁,白豆蔻,仙灵脾,款项草,广霍香,荆芥,薄荷,茵陈,青蒿,乳香,没药,蜂蜜,绵马贯众,甘草,人参,田七,白芷,当归,羌活,肉桂,厚朴,郁金,姜黄,莪术,石昌蒲,中夏(微量),泽泻,丹参,白术,苍术,香附
有机酸:金樱子,山查,木瓜,枣皮,栀子,大黄,黄芪,人参,当归,羌活,五味子,胡黄连,石韦,忍冬,菊花,一般抗菌消炎的药中药及酸味的药以及收敛都具有有机酸
多糖:金樱子,枸杞子,瓜萎,苡米,灵芝,茯苓,猪苓,银耳,虫草,牛膝草,商陆,板兰根,甘草,黄芪,人参,西洋参,田七,当归,羌活,柴胡,北沙参,地黄,栝楼根花粉,党参,泽泻,中夏,天南草,麦冬,知母,五味子,山查
萜类:双黄连,青蒿,灵芝,茯苓,猪苓,地榆,葛根,甘草,远志,南沙参,党参,鸡血藤,枣仁,泽泻,杜仲,款冬花
西红花入水,水染成黄色
红花入水,水染成金黄色
秦皮入水在紫外光下显青蓝色色荧光
丁香入水萼管铅直下沉
乳香与水研成白色或者黄白色乳状液,遐想到母乳喂养
没药与水研成黄棕色乳状液
蟾酥与水即成乳白色隆起
假种皮入药:肉豆蔻衣,桂圆肉
错入组织:槟榔(大理石样花纹),肉豆蔻
五叶子起白霜,遐想到化学身分,联苯环辛烯类,分南北五味子,要是考专一时记一下各自的效用
葶苈子:十字花科,独行菜的是北葶苈子,从儒医的独白,自言自语记,另外一个南葶苈子就是播娘蒿的来源,她们遇水黏发性非常强
苦杏仁:分解后产生氯氰酸,苯甲醛,属于氧甘中的氰甘,一般考特殊情况只问到属于什么甘,作为出题者来说对这个是非常认识的,所以前面两个只会出现一个答案。不会同时出现上述两个
补骨脂:多孔平轴式气孔
款项草:气孔不等式或不定式
广霍香;直轴式气孔
益母草:气孔多数直轴式,少量不定式
青蒿:气孔不定式
大青叶:气孔不等式 这个要求有点高,一般可以不掌握,还有就是什么药材含有什么身分,不用记得太多,我只是做个总结,这方面考的不多.中药鉴定随记总结笔记二
木脂素:补骨脂,五味子,连召,秦皮,仙灵脾,杜仲,辛夷花,对于含什么身分了解就行了,只要记住主要的几个就行了
麻黄:草麻黄,裂2稀3,叶先端反曲
中麻黄,裂3稀2,微反曲,可以以及孙中山联系,3在前,因为她们几个都是3以及2的数码
木贼麻黄,裂2稀3,叶先端不反曲,记住这个以及草区别点是叶先端不反曲
广款项草:豆科广款项草的地上部门
款项草:是报春花科聚花过路花的全草
枳壳:翻口似盆状
小茴香:违面有5条微隆起的纵棱线
巴豆:外貌有6条纵线
蛇床子:分果冯面有小而明显突起的果木棱5条
连召:有2条纵沟,两面条有一条
菟丝了:有黏*,加热煮至种皮破裂时露出白色卷旋状的胚形如吐丝,所以可以记成吐丝子,谐音。
槲寄生:切面髓部常偏向一边儿
款项草:叶片水浸后对光透视可见黑色或褐色条纹
肉苁蓉:密被覆瓦状摆列,列当科
具腺毛与非腺毛:忍冬,薄何,款项草,广霍香
青蒿:含有的蒿属香豆素需要成熟的药材才有,而幼时采撷的商品(绵茵陈)就无,而秋季茵陈蒿有,注意多项时
石斛:分类,以及以耳环石斛为佳
子实体:马勃,灵芝
菌核:猪苓,茯苓,雷丸(冲服)可以遐想记琥珀,要是考专一遐想在记琥珀在粉碎时过多少目
海藻:马尾菌科;海蒿子的来源的称为大叶海藻,遐想记一首歌名叫沧海
而羊栖菜来源的称为小叶海藻,遐想记小样,谐音
虫草的来源以及元胡的来源要重点记下,虫草的性状鉴别要端,及含有的身分
茯苓:只在次聚糖才有抗肿瘤活*,而茯苓聚糖则无 主产地云南,湖北,安微,而猪苓是陕西以及云南
香树脂类:苏合香,安眠香
油树脂:松油脂,加拿大树脂 油胶树脂:乳香,没药,阿魏
蒲黄的颜色是鲜黄色,而海金沙则是黄棕色,记住不要混了
血竭:来源,猩红色,火燃呛鼻,苯甲醛样香气,及简略鉴别要端.中药鉴定随记总结笔记三
海金沙:火试爆明声及明亮火苗
青黛:火试紫红色烟雾产生
儿茶:火试深红色
麝香:火试初则迸裂起泡似珠,香气深裂四溢,溶融成红紫色液体,火苗为蓝色并天生黄白色烟有强列蒜臭味
冰片:火试浓烟并有带光的火苗
五倍子形成的三要素:宿主盐肤木类植物,五倍子腻虫,过冬宿主提灯藓类植物
蚂蟥素是现当代界是最强的凝血酶殊效按捺剂
动物的入药部位一定要记,89 地龙:只有广地龙才有白颈,受精孔2对,另外三种称为沪地龙无白颈受精孔3对
蚂蟥:来源的两种,两端条有一吸盘,前小后大
真珠:结构特征,真珠虹光环以及真珠结构环是其特有,并可以不被丙酮洗脱
在紫外光下,天然真珠显浅蓝紫色,而养殖真珠显亮黄绿色
海螵蛸:墨鱼骨,干燥内壳
全蝎有毒刺,蜈蚣全体有2二个环节,地鳖虫药用的是雌虫的干燥体
斑蝥:芫青科,半合成品羟基斑蝥胺用于疗治疾病比斑蝥素毒性小500倍
升华:丹皮,斑蝥,大黄(微量升华)大青叶(微量升华)冰片可以挥发
蜂蜜放冷吸出的结晶管为:蒲萄糖,相对疏密程度在1.349以上,用滴定法侧定,还原糖不得少于百分之64,小粉酶值为8以上
海马:分类中有马头蛇尾瓦椤身的是线纹海马
刺海马:有刺
三斑海马:1.4.7节有黑斑
沧海马:黑褐色,不好记的话记上边三个就行了,剩下这个就是沧海马的98 靛玉红治慢性粒细胞白血病有一定疗效 99 白花蛇:眼睛儿蛇科,记住粉末特征鉴别以及乌梢蛇区分的是什么?
乌梢蛇,游蛇科,有外形术语,剑脊
白花蛇粉末鉴别:鳞片无色或呈黄白色具众从纵直条纹间距1.1-1.7um沿鳞片基部先规矩向径向摆列
而乌梢蛇的是以及上边大致相同,只是皮鳞片是黄棕色,间距为13.7-27.4um
麝香:雄体香囊中干燥分泌物,其中含有的术语有:冒槽,当门子,云皮,银皮,记住可手试,火试等
牛黄:牛科,干燥胆结石,有穿金衣,挂甲的描写,主含胆汁素72-76%,不是主含胆汁酸
羚羊角:牛科赛加羚羊,主产于俄罗斯,描写:血丝,骨塞,通天眼
鹿茸:鹿科分二类:梅花鹿又称花鹿茸,黄鹿茸 记成黄花丫头恋慕梅花
赤鹿茸又称青毛茸,其中又分东赤鹿茸以及西赤鹿茸,以东马为佳
花鹿茸:有1分枝称为二杠,二个分枝称为三岔,描写的术语有:门庄,大挺,虎牙
赤鹿茸;有一个分枝称为单门,二个分枝为莲花,三个为三岔,4个为四岔,述语中有一个捻头(这个药是重点,所以说得细一点儿)
饮片中均含有血片,蜡片,老角片,但花鹿茸中还含卵黄片,而赤鹿茸中则是粉片
矿物的厚度标准为0.03mm,记一下条痕色,解理,断口
矿物类药基本上用偏振光目镜研究透明矿物,而蛇类鉴别是一般用的要领是聚丙烯酰胺凝胶蛋白电泳法
硫化类矿物:辰砂,天然酮,鸡冠石
硫酸盐类矿物:硭硝,生石膏
硅酸盐类矿物:滑石
碳酸酸盐类矿物:炉甘石
氧化物类:代赫石
条痕白色:炉甘石,滑石,硭硝(璃样光泽)生石膏(遇水变为黏性的固体特有的反映),生石膏还具有绢丝样光泽
辰砂:镜面砂,朱宝砂,豆瓣砂,加盐酸以及在铜片上可以产生雪白色,加热后消失。含硫化汞不少于98%
鸡冠石: 二硫化二砷不得少于90% 111 天然铜: 二硫化铁
代赭石:主含三氧化二铁 不得少于45% 113 信石:主含三氧化二砷 白的毒性比红的大,因为白的暗示比力纯
炉甘石:主含碳酸锌分解后为氧化锌
滑石:含水硅酸镁,含的是一种结构水,可能遐想一下细胞中没事了还有什么水已什么形式存在于植物体内?
生石膏:含水硫酸钙
硭硝:硫酸钠不得少于99%这个在所有矿物中含量最高
辰砂:条痕色红色至褐红色
鸡冠石:条痕色橘红色,还具有金刚样光泽
天然铜:绿黑色或棕红色,还肯具有相领面上条纹彼此铅直的独特之处
代赫石:条痕色樱红色或红棕色,具有钉角,碎后断面层叠状
以是是小我私人笔记,仅供参考,不全的请各人本身补充, 中药鉴定学的来源总结一
中药鉴定学的来源
鳞毛蕨科:绵马贯众
商陆科:商陆
远志科:远志
莎草科:香附
蚌壳蕨科:金毛狗
蒲萄科:白蔹
樟科:肉桂
紫草科:紫草
萝摩科:徐长卿,香加皮
杜仲科:杜仲
川续断科:续断
黑三棱科黑三棱的干燥块根:三棱
泽泻科:泽泻(块根)
桑科:桑白皮,桑枝
瑞香科:奇南香
夹竹桃科:罗布麻叶
桃金娘科:丁香
列当科:大芸 香蒲科:蒲黄
百部科:百部
水龙骨科:石韦科
柏科;侧柏叶 忍冬科:忍冬
鼠李科:棘枣仁
山茱萸科:枣皮
马钱科:马钱子
禾本科;苡米
麻黄科:麻黄
桑寄生科:槲寄生
三白草科:鱼腥草
小壁科:淫羊霍
堇堇菜科:紫花地丁
爵床科:双黄连,青黛
车前科:车前草
漆树科:五倍子
海金沙科:海金沙
橄榄科:乳香,没药
女萝科:女萝棕
马尾藻科:海藻分二个来源 海蒿子遐想记为沧海,羊栖菜联系记为小样。
报春花科:款项草,区别于广款项草,豆科。
麦角菌科:虫草
大戟科:巴豆
马兜铃科:细辛,关木通(现已不做为药用)
多孔菌科:灵芝,茯苓,猪苓
旋花科:菟丝子,牵牛花子
桂花科:连召,女贞子,秦皮
茄科:地骨皮,枸杞子,洋金花
芸香科:枳壳,吴芋,黄柏,关黄柏,白藓皮
兰科:天麻、白及(块茎),石斛 鸢尾科:西红花(柱头),射干
木通科:木通,大血藤均为腾茎
天南草科:天南草、中夏均为块茎,石昌蒲
葫芦科:栝楼根花粉,瓜蒌
玄参科:玄参,地黄,胡黄连
五加科:人参,西洋参,田七,通草,注意大多数人都不知道
十字花科:板兰根,大青叶,葶苈子注意南北的区分
婴粟科:元胡,婴粟壳
石竹科:皇太子参,银材胡
防已科;防已,北豆根
苋科:牛膝草,川牛膝草
蓼科:大黄,虎杖,何首乌,蓼大青叶
毛茛科:威灵仙,川乌,草乌,附子,白芍,赤芍,黄连,丹皮
蔷薇科:地榆,枇杷叶,木瓜,山查,桃仁,苦杏仁,酸梅,金樱子
豆科:苦参,山豆根,甘草,葛根,黄芪,苏方,鸡血腾,降香,番泻叶,槐花,槐米,沙菀子,决明子,补骨脂,广款项草,儿茶
茜草科:茜草,巴戟天,钩藤,栀子
伞形科:白芷,当归,羌活,前胡,芎藭,蒿本,防风,柴胡,北沙参,小茴香,蛇床子
唇形科:丹参,黄芩,紫苏,广藿香,益母草,薄何,荆芥
桔梗科:桔梗,党参,南沙参 共性是都以根为药,含乳汁管,菊糖,皂甘等。
菊科:(川)木香,白术,苍术,紫菀,菊花,鹤虱,牛蒡子,蒲公英,茵陈,青蒿 含有的共性一般含菊糖,香气浓,含挥发油,含挥发油的药材一般有辛味,分泌组织
百合科:四川的贝母,浙贝,均为鳞茎,麦冬,天冬为块根,知母,黄精,玉竹,联系记二母中含多的很知母以及浙贝母。
姜科:姜黄根茎,郁金块金,莪术根茎,联系记这个药材来源的区别,砂仁,白豆蔻,益智仁
环节动物门:地龙,蚂蟥
software动物门:石决明,真珠,牡蛎,海螵蛸,节肥动物门:全蝎,蜈蚣(全体含有2二个环节),地鳖虫(雌体),桑螵蛸,斑蝥,僵蚕,蜂蜜
脊索动物门:海马,疥虾蟆,龟甲,鳖甲,蛤蚧,白花蛇,五步蛇,乌梢蛇(剑脊),鸡内金,麛香,鹿茸,牛黄,羚羊角
这是考执中时的药物来源,实在并不多,最起码要能记住只有一个科属的,一些经常使用的要记住,如浙八味,四大怀药,东北三宝等等,也许我总结的不全,但愿列位有时候间也能够本身总结一下,记时最佳把整个来源看下,因为这只是纯一的科,但许多考的是药用部位,所以我只是把前面的大类给各人做一个总结,这一方面的分不会少于5分左右。
中药显微特征以及经脉系统一、中药鉴定总结二
1油管:白芷,防风,柴胡,前胡,小茴香,补骨脂(缺刻处皮面下有浩繁椭圆形壁内腺,含有油滴)
2油室:苍术,白术,木香,川木香,当归,芎藭,吴芋,枳壳,泽泻,丁香
3树脂道:人参,西洋参,田七,多数五加科的植物都有,测验中属五加科的药不多,前面我已总结五加科的有那一些
4乳管:桔梗,党参,桑白皮,多数菊科植物都有
5菊糖:桔梗,党参,木香,川木香,白术,苍术,多数为菊科植物含有
6草酸钙簇晶:栀子,大黄,何首乌,人参,西洋参,田七,白芷,芎藭,蓼大青叶,苦楝皮,钩藤,丹皮,槲寄生,小茴香,枣皮,决明子,山查,丁香,忍冬,洋金花,番泻叶,五加科植物一般都含有簇晶
8草酸钙方晶:洋金花,栀子,苦参,葛根,枳壳,甘草,补骨脂,石昌蒲,红花,桑白皮,黄柏,苦楝皮,合欢皮
9草酸钙针晶:龙胆,巴戟天,白术,苍术,中夏,麦冬,天麻,山药,肉桂,广霍香
10草酸钙砂晶:枸杞,洋金花,麻黄,钩藤,地骨皮,秦皮,牛膝草
11草酸钙棱晶:番泻叶,桔梗,木通,五倍子,枳壳
12草酸钙柱晶:奇南香,补骨脂
13油细胞:石草蒲,胡金,干姜,厚朴,肉桂,五味子
14石细胞的药才我已说过,测验方面这些个分数不是很高但含有一些油室或油管以及一些少的都要能记住,这方面有失身份不划算,可能还有些遗漏的药材,各人可以本身在补上。
二、最后在说一下十二经脉的流注秩序序,因为时常会有人记不住。
1起首知道十二经脉的走向:手三阴经从脏走手
手三阳经从手走头
足三阳经重新走足
足三阴经从足走腹 2在明确知道在外侧为阳,阳经分前,中,后,分别是:阳明,少阳,太阳
在内侧为阴,阴经分前,中,后,分别是:太阴,厥阴,少阴
注意足少阴以及足厥阴在分布时有一些变更就行了。
3记住相为表里的阴阳经在四体交代,重名家足阳经在头面交代,手足阴经在胸中交代。
4只要理解了,如许就非常好记了。
5要是是为了测验要是出现如许的题什么经下交于什么或者上毗连的是什么?有一简略的要领,到时直接推出来就行了。
要是是考执药的人都买了书的吧,或者在学校的书册都有十二经脉的流注图,你看前面的全部都是手足阴经并且是交互的,遵循的规律都是手阴经前后中三条经脉,足阴经也是一样的规律,前后中的摆列,我上边讲过怎么分前,后,中,后面的全部都是手足阳经并且是交互的,遵循的规律都是手阳经前后中三条经脉,足阳经也是一样的规律,前后中的摆列,我上边讲过怎么分前,后.中,只要你知道熬头竖排熬头个是手太阴肺经,后面的熬头个是手阳明结肠经.如许手足依次按前后中的秩序序摆列就行了,不要忘记箭头所指的方向.要是你如许开具来后在推也一定不会错。
6要注意脉像的主治病以及舌态是什么的先兆,五行中恶马恶人骑最佳只记两条线,不要按五角星的记法,那样容易搞错。其它的就重点看上成药以及调剂以及诊断学,中成药增效或者影响及含有什么身分,这几门加起来有70分左右的题(包括儒医根蒂根基意见),另外的就是我前面文章中的分值分布,如许5分,那样3分的2分。
以上仅供列位参考,复习以你本身的习气为准
果实与胚珠的分类
果实:山查,金樱子,补骨,枳壳,巴豆,小茴香,蛇床子,枣皮,连召,女贞子,枸杞子,栀子,瓜蒌,鹤虱,牛蒡子,薏仁,砂仁,白豆蔻,益智仁
五味子。木瓜,酸梅(严酷来说这个药是果实胚珠一路入药),吴茱萸这几个用的是近成熟果实,枳实用的是幼果。
果实存贮胚珠入药:巴豆,砂仁
半果皮放药:橘络,丝瓜
果穗:桑椹
全果皮:陈皮,大腹皮
胚珠:葶苈子,苦杏仁,桃仁,枣仁,牵牛花子,马钱子,沙菀子,决明子,槟榔,菟丝子
有个名叫葶苈子的山人(三仁:注意不是三仁汤中的三仁),牵着一匹马在沙滩上吃槟榔,看见了一只菟子后决议去追它。顺序我上边已排好了。
这只是考执药时有的内容,也的果实或者胚珠没有出现在测验的教材上的是不会考的。我一般只记胚珠类的药有下那一些就知道上边的了。
1吴茱萸水泡后有粘液渗出
2栀子入水使水染成鲜黄色
3降香火烧有黑烟及油冒出遗留白色灰烬
4间隙腺毛:绵马贯众,广霍香
5味极苦:山豆根,苦参,龙胆,胡黄连,马钱子,双黄连
6主要说一下白附子以及附子的区别,注意不是一个药材很多人容易混合
附子:来源于毛茛科乌头的侧根的加工品,一般用量为3-15g,性大热,味辛,甘,有毒
白附子:天南草科独角莲的干燥块茎,一般用量为3-6g,生品里服慎用
附子:回阳救逆,补火助阳,逐风寒湿邪,不宜与乌头类以及瓜萎同用
白附子:祛风痰,定惊搐,解毒散结止痛。
来源记忆随笔
比如植物里伞形科的有13味中药(北沙参、小茴香、当归、南鹤虱、蛇床子、防风、羌独活、柴胡、前胡、白芷、藁本、芎藭),一会儿很难全部记住。我编了首诗“北回归、南蛇风,两活两胡芷藁芎”,马上就记住了,到现在还忘不掉。
还有河南的四大怀药(即怀牛膝草、怀山药、怀菊花、怀地黄),我也编了首诗“四大怀药在河南,牛山菊花各处黄”,非常形象的记住了这四味药。
还有药用部位为块茎的药材,(即天南草、天麻、三棱、泽泻、元胡、中夏、白及),“两天三泻胡半白”。遐想起:“快禁(块茎),两天泻了三回胡子都白了一半。”(两天(天南草、天麻)三(三棱)泻(泽泻)胡(元胡)半(中夏)白(白及),用一个风趣的故事记住了教材里药用部位为块茎的药。
还有药用部位为根及根茎的药材,如紫菀、茜草、虎仗、大黄、龙胆、山豆根、藁本、甘草、徐长卿、羌(抢)活、威灵仙、丹参,怎么记呢?且看“宛西虎仗黄龙胆,山高草长抢灵药”,宛西的山君仗着黄龙的胆,在山高草长之处居然敢抢灵药。用一个小故事,形象活泼地记住了上述的药材。
转石细胞药材并补充
一.在《中药鉴定学》中,含有石细胞的药材有26种,恁地多该怎么记呢?咱们可以遐想成一个故事:(由于作者编的不完全,我前次看到后据原文加了10味药上来,就酿成了36味. 从前,有个大地主叫吴茱萸。他的大老婆为人厚朴,没人逢迎(巴戟天)她。新讨的二房(防己、防风),人称辛姨(辛夷),有死后不能使用打药栝楼根花粉,但喜欢吃酸的山查以及枣皮,但是气血比力亏所以用用党参以及地黄,因生了两个儿子,叫栀子以及杞子,就备受痛爱,有五个丫环(叫黄芩、黄连(雅连)、黄柏、黄芪,连召)照顾她。她每天要吃五味东西:1.豆砂包(豆蔻、砂仁);2.炒三香肉,当时肉贵(川木香、肉桂)(可以想到吴三桂),就杀了两猪(苍白术);3.鸡血藤上长出的木瓜以及元胡,(因质地都比力坚硬);4.寄生在杜仲以及秦皮树上的槟榔;5.玄参麦冬汤葛根汤。
这26味中药即:吴茱萸、厚朴、巴戟天、防己、防风、辛夷、栀子、杞子、黄芩、黄连、黄柏、黄芪、五味子、豆蔻、砂仁、肉桂、苍术、白术、鸡血藤、木瓜、槲寄生、杜仲、槟榔、党参、玄参、麦冬。
新加的10味药是栝楼根花粉,山查,枣皮,党参,地黄,连召,川木香,元胡,秦皮,葛
中药鉴定浸出物总结
1水溶性浸出物:热浸法:玄参,枸杞子,灵芝,地龙,地鳖虫,百部 杷叶
2水溶性浸出物:冷浸法:商陆,地黄,巴戟天,麦冬,红花 黄芪
3丹参特殊记:水溶性浸出物冷浸法不得少于35%,醇溶性浸出物热浸
法用乙醇作溶剂不得少于15%
4醇溶性浸出物冷浸法:连翘(65%的乙醇)乙醇:牵牛花子,广藿香
稀乙醇:仙灵脾
无水乙醇:青蒿
5醇溶性浸出物热浸法
乙醇为溶剂:威灵仙,芎藭,防风,柴胡,徐长卿,胡黄连,大血腾,奇南香,红牡丹皮,大青叶,洋金花,山查,槲寄生,秦皮
稀乙醇为溶剂:狗脊,前胡,黄芩,南沙参,四川的贝母,浙贝,苏方,黄柏,石苇,蚂蟥,全蝎,蜈蚣,鸡内金,款项白花蛇,五步蛇,乌梢蛇,元胡,白芷(动物药除开地龙以及地鳖虫外只要测验出现都记成是用醇溶性浸出物热浸法以稀乙醇为溶剂)
45%的乙醇:党参
75%的乙醇:杜仲,款项草
水达到最高限度正丁醇:牛膝草
甲醇:田七,防己 30%的甲醇:槐花,槐米考
无水乙醇:薏苡仁
第五篇:英文面试超全总结
Q: Can you sell yourself in two minutes? Go for it.(你能在两分钟內自我推荐吗?大胆试试吧!)A: With my qualifications and experience, I feel I am hardworking, responsible and diligent in any project I undertake.Your organization could benefit from my analytical and interpersonal skills.(依我的资格和经验,我觉得我对所从事的每一个项目都很努力、负责、勤勉。我的分析能力和与人相处的技巧,对贵单位必有价值。)
(二)Good morning!It is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview, I hope I can make a good performance today.I'm confident that I can succeed.Now I will introduce myself briefly.I am 26 years old,born in shandong province.(General Introduction)I was graduated from Qingdao university.my major is electronic.and I got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 2003.During university, I spent most of my time on study so that I have passed CET4/6.and acquired basic knowledge of my major.(Education background)In July 2003, I began work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao.Because I'm capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job.And in August 2004,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as an automation software test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, I'd like to find a job which is more challenging.Moreover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment.That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position.(Research experience and academic activity)I think I'm a good team player and I'm a person of great honesty to others.Also I am able to work under great pressure.That's all.Thank you for giving me the chance
(三)good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for an interview, I would like to answer whatever you may raise, and I hope I can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious company in September.Now I will introduce myself briefly,I am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and I am curruently a senior student at Beijing XX University.My major is packaging engineering.and I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in June.In the past 4 years,I spend most of my time on study,I have passed CET4/6 with an ease.and I have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.Besides, I have attend several packaging exhibition held in Beijing, which is our advantage studying here, I have taken a tour to some big factories and companies.Through these I have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry.Compared to developed countries, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field is awkward.But I have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.I would like to tell you that pursuing the major is one of my lifelong goal,I like packaging and I won't give up.If I can pursue my dream here, I will combine practice with my former education.I will work hard in these fields.I cannot describe my character well, but I know I am optimistic and confident.sometimes I prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surfing on line.Through college life,I learn how to balance between study and entertainment.By the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club.I had a few glorious memories on stage.They are my pride.英语面试自我介绍常用句型
英语面试自我介绍并不需要花哨的语言,只需要用最准确、简练的句子和短语表达出来即可。
1.May I introduce myself? 我可以自我介绍一下吗?
2.Let me introduce myself.让我自我介绍一下。
3.Do you mind if I introduce myself? 让我自我介绍一下好吗?
6.I graduated three years ago.我已经毕业三年了。
7.I am an economics major./ I major in economics.我主修经济学。
8.I enjoy singing and dancing.我喜爱唱歌和跳舞。
9.Let me do the introduction.让我来介绍一下自己。
10.Which aspect do you want to know about me?/What do you want to know about myself? 您想知道我哪方面的情况?
11.I noticed that you advertised a job in this morning’s paper.我看到你们在今早的报纸上刊登的招聘广告。
12.I’m coming for your advertisement for ….我是来应聘你们广告上的……职位的。
13.I have applied for the position of ….我申请了贵公司的……职位。
14.Do you have any jobs for a part-timer? 你们需要兼职吗?
15.I’d like to know if you need a full-time secretary.我想知道你们是否需要全职秘书。
16.I’m looking for a job.Are there any vacancies? 我在找工作,请问你们有空缺吗?
17.I got a degree in Literature and took a course in typing.我获得了文学学士学位,还学过打字。
18.I think I’m quite fit for assistant’s job.我觉得我很适合做助理的工作。
19.I’m quite familiar with editing.我做过很多编辑工作。
20.I was thinking of a job in a school.我打算到学校找份工作。
21.I worked in the accounting section of a manufacturer of electrical products.我曾在电子产品制造商的会计组工作。
22.I haven’t done anything like that before.我以前没有做过这种工作。
23.I used to work as a sale’s manager.我以前做销售经理。
24.Im a curious person, and I like learning new things.我是个充满好奇心的人,喜欢学习新的事物。
25.I have been working as a computer programmer for five years.To be specific, I do system analysis, trouble shooting and
provide software support.我干了五年的电脑程序员。具体地说,我做系统分析,解决问题以及软件供应方面的支持。
26.Well, I am hoping to get an offer of a better position.If an opportunity knocks, I will take it.我希望能获得一份更好的工作,如果机会来临,我会抓住。
27.I feel I have reached the glass ceiling in my current job./ I feel there is no opportunity for advancement.我觉得目前的工作,已经达到顶峰,即没有升迁机会。
28.With my qualifications and experience, I feel I am hardworking, responsible and diligent in any project I undertake.Your organization could benefit from my analytical and interpersonal skills.依我的资格和经验,我觉得我对所从事的每一个项目都很努力、负责、勤勉。我的分析能力和与人相处的技巧,对贵单位必有价值。
29.With my strong academic background, I am capable and competent.凭借我良好的学业背景,我可以胜任自己的工作,而且我认为自己很有竞争力。
30.With my teaching experience, I am confident that I can get along with the students very well.依我的教学经验,我相信能与学生相处得很好。
31.I feel I can make some positive contributions to your company in the future.我觉得我对贵公司能做些积极性的贡献。
32.My school training combined with my practice in the factories should qualify me for this particular job.I am sure I will be successful.我在研究所的训练,加上实习工作,使我适合这份工作。我相信我能成功。
33.The trait is needed in my current(or previous)position and I know I can handle it well.这种特点就是我目前(先前)工作所需要的,我知道我能应付自如。
34.I think Im reasonably optimistic by nature.我想我生性是相当乐观的。
35.Im quite hard-working, responsible, capable, and outgoing.我觉得自己是个工作勤奋、负责、能干,而且外向的人。英语自我介绍(面试培训机构范文)
【世界经理人学堂-讯】英语面试自我介绍范文
I am Sravani, I am from Secunderabad.My hobbies are listening to music most of the time and playing badminton, indoor games such as caroms , chess etc.My strengths are, I am optimistic in nature, and my parents.Coming to my family background we are four of us: me, my father, mother and a younger brother.My father is SCR employee, mom house wife and brother is perceiving his B.Pharm 3rd year.Moving on to my educational background: I have done my schooling from Keyes high school in the year 2002, I finished bipc from srichaitanya in the year 2004, i have completed B.Sc.Nursing from Yashoda institutions under NTR university in the year 2008.The whole of 2009 I was working as staff nurse in Yashoda hospital.Right now I am looking out for BPO because I got engaged last year, my in-laws are against me not to work in nursing department.So, i am looking out for BPO because as it provides good platform for freshers and more over it would welcome a person at any educational level with good communication skills and ability to handle customers.英文自我介绍范文一(中英文对照)
【世界经理人学堂-讯】good morning, everyone!it is my great honor to attend the interview.My name is XX.I am from XX university,my majoy is biological engineering.I hope you can know more about me through the introduction of myself.I have served as the monitor in class and the vice-chairman of student union during the school time.And I have got honors such as national scholarship, the excellent student of school, outstanding student cadres, etc.I do well on work which are from teachers in school.i am also participate in various activities and social practice.and this provide me a good platform for contacting society in future.at the same time I trained to handle interpersonal relationships.in the spare time of studying and working,I have attended the training out of class and have passed the national senior nutritionists and middle band of jiangsu English oral test, got the social approval certificates.On Scientific research, I have finished the project of the “science and technology supermarket”in school.And the project imbursed by the jiangsu province college students innovation fund is performing now.besides,I have published two articles in core journals.In this four years, i have made great progress not only mastering the professional knowledge, but also cultivating various ability, I believe that these will benefit me significant in study as well as work in future.I think everything should be done with great enthusiasm.We should cherish every opportunity and be diligence!Hope you can give me this opportunity, I believe I will do better.Thank you!(下面是对应的中文介绍)
各位导师早上好,非常荣幸能参加这次面试,我是来自XX大学生物工程专业的学生,我叫XX.希望通过介绍能让各位老师对我有进一步的认识.在学校期间我曾担任班长和校学生会副主席的职务,同时取得过国家奖学金,校三好学生,优秀团员,优秀学生干部等多项荣誉.我能够做好自己本职工作,把学校老师的工作落实到位,还参加各种组织活动和社会实践,为我更快走向社会提供了良好的平台,培养了我对人际关系的处理能力.在学习和工作之余,我还参加了校外的培训班,通过了国家高级营养师和江苏省英语中级口语的考试,拿到了社会认可的证书。科研方面,我在学校科技超市的项目已结项,江苏省大学生创新基金中的项目还在进行,另外我在核心期刊也已发表论文两篇。
在校四年即将结束,回顾四年的学习生活,感觉收获很多 不仅掌握了专业知识,也培养了自己各方面的能力,我相信这些对今后的学习与工作都将产生重要的帮助.我觉得凡事从小事做起,珍惜每一次的机会,用万分的热情,坚韧的性格和勤奋的态度,展示自我,挑战自我!希望各位老师,能给我这个机会,相信我的努力一定不会让大家失望
英文自我介绍地道表达自己的优点
世界经理人学堂-讯】Mature,dynamic and honest。思想成熟、精明能干、为人诚实。
Excellent ability of systematical management。有极强的系统管理能力。
Ability to work independent1y,mature and resourcefu1。能够独立工作、思想成熟、应变能力强。
A person with ability plus flexibility should app1y。需要有能力及适应力强的人。
A stable personality and high sense of responsibility are desirable。个性稳重、具高度责任感。
Work well with a multi-cultural and diverse work force。能在不同文化和工作人员的背景下出色工作。
Bright,aggressive applicants。反应快、有进取心的应聘者。
Ambitious attitude essential。有雄心壮志。
Initiative,independent and good communication skill。积极主动独立能力强,并有良好交际技能。
Willing to work under pressure with leardership quality。愿意在压力下工作,并具领导素质。
Willing to assume responsibilities。应聘者须勇于挑重担。
Mature,self-motivated and strong interpersonal skills。思想成熟、上进心强,并具极丰富的人际关系技巧。
Energetic,fashion-minded person。精力旺盛、思想新潮。
With a pleasant mature attitude。开朗成熟。
Strong determination to succeed。有获得成功的坚定决心。
Strong leadership skills。有极强的领导艺术。
Ability to work well with others。能够同他人一道很好地工作。
Highly-motivated and reliable person with excellent health and pleasant personality。上进心强又可靠者,并且身体健康、性格开朗。
The ability to initiate and operate independently。有创业能力,并能独立地从业。
Strong leadership skill while possessing a great team spirit。有很高的领导艺术和很强的集体精神。
面试英文对话自我介绍
我们先来看一下下面的(de)英语格式对话:
A:Good morning.Im Lydia Shen, the manager of the company.Whats your name please?
B:How do you do, Miss Shen.My name is Penny Zhao.And Im coming for your advertisement for a trainee salesperson.A:How do you do, Penny? Well, for this job, we need people to work hard.Do you think youre suitable for this kind of job?
B:Oh, yes, I think so.A:Ok.Please talk something about yourself or introduce yourself.B:……
A:早上好。我是Lydia Shen,这个公司的(de)经理。你叫什么名字。
B:你好,沈小姐。我叫Penny。我是来应聘见习推销员的(de)。
A:你好,Penny。对于这个工作,我们需要刻苦能干的(de)人,你觉得你能适应这样的(de)工作吗?
B:恩,我想我能。
A:好吧。那就说说你的(de)情况吧,或者介绍一下自己。
B:……
该介绍自己了,那么在面试中怎么做自我介绍呢?先来看一些背景知识:
Background:
面试时需要做自我介绍,这个时候不要细致地谈自己的(de)生活情况或者工作经验,而是要想方设法地让面试官对你有所了解,告诉他一些事情,这些事情应该使你在招聘过程中具有优势。或许你想选取一些有人情味的(de)故事讲给他听,但这么做,你要有把握与面试官的(de)想法吻合。或者可以概述一下最近你干的(de)工作和你正在申请的(de)工作有什么联系,有怎样的(de)帮助,以及你为什么要到这家公司工作等等。特别值得提的(de)是,要举例子,这样你的(de)回答才更具真实性,更容易被接受,才能给对方留下深刻的(de)印象。
或者当面试经理让你做自我介绍的(de)时候,你可以主动问一下对方想知道自己哪方面的(de)情况,这样也便于你的(de)回答更加有针对性。但是这种做法的(de)前提是你对面前的(de)这个面试官有一定的(de)把握,确信这样追问不会引起对方的(de)反感才行。
有了这些背景知识,我们再掌握一些基本的(de)单词和常用的(de)句型来帮助我们理解对方的(de)话和组织语言表达清楚自己的(de)意思就足够了:
Words & Expressions:
part-time job: 兼职工作
full-time: 全职
position / vacancy: 职位,空缺
manager: 经理
director: 主任
president: 董事长,总经理
General Manager: 总经理
saleperson: 推销员
engineer: 工程师
accountant: 会计
degree: 学位
introduce:(动词)介绍 introduction:(名词)介绍
Let me introduce myself./ Let me do some introduction.让我来介绍一下自己。
Which aspect do you want to know about me?
或者 What do you want to know about myself? 您想知道我哪方面的(de)情况?
英语格式英语面试自我介绍
good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september.now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with a ease.and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.besides, i have attend several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company.through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry.compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard.but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i wont give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education.i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident.sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online.through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment.by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club.i had a few glorious memory on stage.that is my pride.英语面试实战指南
I:Interviewer(面试者)A:Applicant(求职者)
介绍教育背景:简明扼要,实话实说
尽管你在简历中对自己的教育背景作了介绍,但在面试时,面试官还有可能就此方面提问。还是事先做点准备吧。
①Iwhat is your major﹖
AMy major is Business Administration.I am especially interested in″Marketing″.(不仅回答了问题,还顺带一句介绍了自己较为感兴趣的方面,简明扼要。)
②IWhich university are you attending﹖
AI am attending×××University.③IHave you received any degrees﹖
AYes.FirstI received my Bachelor degree in English Literatureand then an MBA degree.④IWhat course did you like best﹖
AProject Management.I was very interested in this course when I was a student.And I think its very useful for my present work.⑤IDo you feel that you have received a good general training﹖
AYesI have studied in an English train-ing program and a computer training program since I graduated from university.I am currently studying Finance at a training school.介绍工作经验:显露实力,避免炫耀
①IHave you ever been employed﹖
②IYour resume says you have had one-year experience working in a foreign representative office in Shanghaimay I ask why you left﹖
AI worked in a foreign rep.office for one year.HoweverI left there two years ago because the work they gave me was rather dull.I found another job that is more interesting.③IHave you done any work in this field﹖
④IWhat qualifications do you have that make you feel you will be successful in your field﹖
⑤IWhat have you learned from the jobs you have had﹖
AI have learned a lot about business know how and basic office skills.In additionI learned at my previous job show to cooperate with my colleagues.⑥IWhats you major weak point﹖
AI havent been involved in international businessso I dont have any experiencebut I have studied this course in the International Business Training Center of the×××Company.⑦IWhat are your greatest strengths﹖(实话实说好了,不必客气,但应注意语气和表情,不要给人炫耀之感。)
⑧IPlease tell me about your working experience.⑨IDoes your present employer know you are looking for another job﹖
ANoI havent discussed my career plans with my present employerbut I am sure he will understand.性格爱好:表现积极、合作的一面
①IHow do you spend your spare time﹖
②IAre you interested in sports﹖
③IDo you think you are introverted or extroverted﹖
④IWhat kind of personality do you think you have﹖
AI always approach things very enthusiastically.When I beg in somethingI dont like to leave it halfdone.I cant concentrate on something new until the first thing is finished.⑤IWhat is the most important thing for you to be happy﹖
ADifferent people have different ideas.I think the most important thing for me is having a good relationship with my family members and my friends.My family has always been very closeknitand my friend sand I spend a lot of time together.Without that I would be much less happy than I am.⑥IWhat makes you angry﹖
ADishonesty.Its unacceptable.⑦IWhat are your personal weaknesses﹖
AIm afraid Im a poor talker.Im not comfortable talking with the people whom I have just met for the first time.That is not very good for businessso I have been studying public speaking.⑧IAre you more of a leader or a follower﹖
AI dont try to lead people.Id rather cooperate with everybodyand get the job done by working together.工作要求:我能胜任
①IDo you think you can make yourself easily understood in English﹖
AYesin most circumstances.②IAre you available for travel﹖
AYesI like traveling.I am youngand unmarried.Its no problem for me to travel frequently.③IHow about overtime work﹖
AOvertime work is very common in companies.I can work overtime if its necessarybut I dont think we will work overtime everyday.④IHow long do you think we can depend on your working here﹖
⑤IDo you like regular work﹖
ANoI dont like regular work.I am interested in different projects with new opport unities and new challengebut I can do regular work if the company needs me to do so.⑥IWhat salary do you expect﹖
AShall we discuss my responsibilities with your company first﹖I think salary is closely related to the responsibilities of the job.⑦IDo you work well under pressure﹖
AWorking under pressure is exciting and challenging.I dont mind working under pressure.I work well under the secircum stances.People canI Can.⑧IDo you have any particular conditions that you would like the company to take into consideration﹖
ANonothing in particular.⑨IHow soon can you begin working for us﹖
AI need about two to three weeks for necessary formalities.I will quit then transfer to your company.面试结束:礼貌道别
①IAny questions﹖
AWhen will I know your decision﹖
②IHow can we get in touch with you﹖
③IWe will notify you of our decision by mailis this convenient for you﹖
④IThank you for your interest in our company.AThank youMr.Smith.Goodbye.Thank you for your time.
⑤IYou will be hearing from us very soon.Please send the next applicantin on your way out.AOK.Thank you very much.此外,面试官还可能问及你的家庭情况,如家人对你的影响等,也应事先有所准备。
英语自我介绍中常用的英文
◆My salary requirement is in the $100,000-$120,000 range with appropriate benefits.I would be willingto relocate for the right opportunity.◆Thesalary required is 12,000 per month,living in the house.◆Iam quite willing to start with a small salary.◆Iam willing to serve on trial for some months at a smallsalary.◆I got five thousand and five hundred per month.学历常用语
◆BROWN UNIVERSITY,Providence,RI
Ph.D.in Sociology,1974
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY,Pittsburgh,PA
Master of Education-Counseling Major,1972
MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE,Middlebury,VT
Bachelor of Arts in Elementary Education-Art Minor,1968
◆Massasoit Junior College,Canton,MA
A.S.Management,1978
Honor society
◆Graduated Dave EricksonPublic Speakingcourse,1993
University of Dallas,Irvine,TX,1992,Graduated Summa Cum Laude
Bachelor of Science Degree in Education,Minor in English
● Member of Kappa Krappa Gamma Honor Society
● Dean’s List four years
◆Marquette University,College of Liberal Arts,Milwaukee,WI
Bachelor of Arts in Soviet Politics
GPA in major:3.5/4.0
Study Abroad:Hamburg,St.Petersburg,Moscow,Paris,1993
Five-week study of Soviet languages
◆Bronte College,New Castle,ME
Master of Science in Accountancy,expected completion August,1993
Carroll College,Helena,MT
Bachelor of Arts in Business Management,December,1986
◆University of Massachusetts-Boston
Course work in General Management Practices,Business & Finance,Accounting,1986-1987
Aquinas Junior College
A.S.Marketing,1981
◆Beijing University.I expect to receive my degree of Bachelor of Science in Metallurgical Engineering in June,2001 Major Courses
Studied:Fundamentals of Metallurgy、Metallurgy of Iron and Steel、Ferrous Alloys、Nonferrous Alloys
Other Courses that Would Prove Useful in this Position:Fundamentals of Writing、The History of Science、Creative Writing Psychology
Scholastic Record:For 3’/2 years I have been in the upper third of my class scholastically;during my first two years I earned approximately half of my college expenses working in the bookstore and library.个人特长常用语:
◆Over eleven years of extensive computer/electronics experience.Versed in both digital and analog electronicswith specific emphasis on computer hardware/software.Special expertise in system and component evaluation.Network supervisor responsible for installing/maintaining Arcnet LAN system.Proficient in assembly and C programming languagesL.Excellent communication skills including written,verbal and interpersonal.◆IBM:WordPerfect,Word for Windows;Maclntosh:Microsoft Word,FileMaker.◆AT&T and Compaq PC’s with Samna program;data entry,CRT,typing(55wpm)
◆Maclntosh:Pagemaker,Word.IBM and Macintosh.Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft Word.◆Maclntosh:Pagemaker,Word.IBM:WordPerfect,Excel and rBase.◆Proficientin Microsoft Word,WordPerfect,Lotus 1-2-3,and Quark.Working knowledge of the French language.◆Typing(60 wpm),Shorthand(60-70 wpm),WANG Word Processing,knowledge of other word processing systems.Fluency in German,good verbal and written communications skills.◆Systems:Lexitron,PTS100,IBM Personal Computer
Software:WordStar,Accounting Plus,Symphony,Lotus 1-2-3,WordPerfect,DOS,Microsoft Word
◆At school I won a scholarship and the first prize in speech contest.◆I have received an ordinary English education,and have a slight knowledge of Spanish.I took a Spanish course in college.◆I can write shorthand at the rate of 120 words per minute,and typewriting at 55 words English.◆At school I won a scholarship and the first prize in speech contest.爱好常用语
◆SINGING * PHOTOGRAPHY * CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING * SWIMMING
◆Travel,Tennis,Swimming,Drawing
◆Fishing,cooking,readingmysteries
◆Baking,Sailing,ReadingPoetry.◆Skiing,ScubaDiving,Mystery Novels.工作经验常用语
◆Dunphy & Reilly,Inc.Senior Internal Auditor
Conducted operational and financial audits of manufacturingsubsidiaries.Designed and implemented audit programs to test theefficiency of all aspects of accounting controls.Recommended changes and improvements to corporate anddivisional management.Trained and supervised staff auditors in all aspectsof accounting controls.Trained and supervised staff auditors in all aspectsof the audit engagement.Involved with corporate management in areas of acquisitionand corporate development.◆DEVONSHIRE EQUIPMENT,INC,Loretto,PA
Staff Auditor
Plan,identify,and test controls;present findings and recommend actions to management.Assist in the audits of New England,Northwest,New Jersey,Washington,D.C.,Southeast,and Great Lakes Districts and U.S.Areas General Ledger Group.◆EMERSON ASSOCIATES,Wayne,NE
office Manager Arrange logistics for office expansion and relocation.Establish office procedures and systems.Actuate/implement filing system,client billing system and bookkeeping.Order supplies;maintain inventory.Handle word processing and receptionist responsibilities.◆Stevenson Data Systems,Los Angeles,CA
Components Evaluation Engineer
Responsible for the characterization and evaluation of,and approved vendors list for:Power supplies,oscillators,crystals,and programmable logic used in desktop and laptop computers.Evaluated and recommended quality components that increased product rofitability.Created and developed power supply test plan used for evaluating third party power supplies.Interacted with vendors to resolve problems associated with components qualification.Technical advisor for Purchasing.Promoted to Engineerll.◆Experience:
1.Previous job_____________________________________________________
Position________________________________From______________to_______
2.Present job________________________________________________________
Position________________________________From______________to________
Interests___________________________________________________________
Signature____________________________ Date _________________________
简历中个人情况常用语:
Position Desired:HR Manager
Name: ******** Sex: Male/Female
Date of birth:June2,1975 Address: *****
Marital Status:Single/Married Post Code: 100001
Height: 1.70M Weight: 50 kg
Health: Excellent E-mail Address:123456@sohu.com
Pager: 191-2222222 Tel: 12321456
Mobile phone:1391111111 Homepage:http://www.xiexiebang.com/~1
Current AnnualSalary:50,000 RMB
英语面试考官最喜欢提问的6大问题
1.Tell me about yourself.这是面试问题中的经典头道“开胃菜”,主要考察求职者的个性是否符合公司的企业文化,所以回答时要尽量贴近这个公司的情况来推销自己。比如这个公司属于汽车行业,那么你就该回答:“Driving is my hobby.I really love the feeling of running on the road and I take cars as my best friends.”要找到自己跟这个公司的切合点,让面试官了解你适合这个环境。
2.What are your three greatest strengths?
回答这个问题时不可以只是简单回答:“I’m really organized, punctual and get along well with others.”简洁、精炼找到这个公司所看重的特长,是回答这个问题的关键。像要应聘金融行业,可以说:“I think my three strongest strengths are details-oriental, patient and cautious.”但如果应聘者是一个销售精英,可以说:“I think my strongest strengths are aggressive, hard working and communicative.”总之,需要考虑到应聘公司及职务的需要来选择表现自己的优势。
3.What are your three greatest weaknesses?
铁芸强调,老板都愿意找到一个了解、热爱工作,并能够为公司创造价值的员工。所以不要很诚实地把自己的毛病都暴露出来,而是要有策略地选择一些能够为自己加分的缺点。比如:“I am a perfectionist and I pay very much attention to details.Sometimes I am quite captious.”
4.Why are you interested in working for our company?
此问题主要考察应聘者是否了解这个工作,或者是否真正有兴趣,所以需要围绕整个公司的具体情况,让面试官知道你很清楚这个公司的运营模式,以及对这项工作非常积极。建议不要以“It seemed like a good career move.”或是“I havent been able to find anything else interesting.”为开始。如果能有一些实际回答的话,加分会更多。应聘者可以这样回答:“I read an article in the newspaper and was very impressed by ……”但是前提是你必须真的对这家公司作了研究,同时也要注意,不要让面试官觉得你是为了讨好面试官而言过其实。
5.Why did you leave your last job?
跳槽的原因可能是因为上一份工作非常糟糕,但面试并不是适合抱怨的场合,而且千万不要对现有或是过去的雇主或同事进行这样的评论:“I didnt agree with the companys direction.”“I got no recognition for my work.”“My boss was totally unreasonable.”铁芸建议,要从自身发展的角度出发来回答:“I love my last job and really learned a lot from it, but I need a new platform and bigger space to make my career successful.”总之,要让面试官知道,以前的公司在你的眼中并非一钱不值,你是怀着感激来评价他们的。
6.If we hire you,how long will you stay with us?
老板想知道你会不会像离开上一份工作那样很快也离开这家公司,你可以回答:“As long as my position here allows me to learn and to advance at a pace with my abilities.”这样就告诉老板,你是希望同公司一起成长,不会轻易地离开。
面试英语10问
英语面试时,很多应答技巧其实和中文面试时并无二致,但往往因为语言不熟练和过度紧张,使得应聘者表现失常,这里我们总结了10个英语面试中的最常出现的问题,怎么样,提前准备准备吧。
【问】Pleaseintroduceyourself.(请介绍你自己。)【问】Doyouhaveanyactualworkexperience?(你有实际的工作经验吗?)
【问】Howwereyourgradesatschool?(你在学校成绩如何?)
【问】Doyouthinkyoureanextrovertoranintro-vert?(你认为你是个性外向的人还是个性内向的人?)
【问】Whatisyourgreatestweakness?(你最大的缺点是什么?)
【问】Couldyoutellmewhatdoyouknowaboutourcompany?(可以谈谈你对本公司的认识吗?)
【问】Haveyousentyourapplicationtoanyothercompanies?(你有没有应征其他公司吗?)
【问】Whyareyouinterestedinthisjob?(你为什么会对这份工作感兴趣?)
【问】Whatareyougoingtodoifyouareorderedtoworkovertime?(如果你被迫要加班,你会怎么办?)
【问】Whatsalarywouldyouexpecttoget?(你希望拿多少薪水?)是不是觉得有些问题挺棘手的?下期,我们将就如何用英语回答这些问题,给你一些参考。当然,也非常欢迎大家来信发表意见,把你们的求职英语心得和其他人分享一下。
这里还有几个最简单的要诀,说不定对你的临场表现有帮助。★多用动词和简单的短句。
除了可以直接、清楚地表达自己的想法,也会让主考官觉得,你是个有行动力、做事明确的人。★避免非正式用词,并注意礼节。
最好不要使用像“youguys”等非正式的字眼,让主考官觉得不够稳重。另外,除非主考官请你直呼其名,例如“YoucancallmeJohn”,否则还是应该尊称对方的姓。★千万不要为了准备接下来要讲的话,而显得心不在焉。
在英语面试之前,应该先准备好自己要回答的内容,面试当中,才能专注聆听主考官讲的话,而不是在心里盘算下一句该讲什么,让主考官觉得你看起来没有自信或准备不足 向主考官提出的10个漂亮的问题
在面试结束前,大多数的主考官都会丢问题给求职者,最常见的就是:你有没有什么问题或疑问,想要提出来的?无论求职者是否有提出问题,其实,这个问题背后的真正含意,通常是主考官用来测试你对这份工作有多大的企图心、决心和热情。
因此,如果你害怕发问不妥当,或是不知道该从何问起,甚至回答没有问题时,都很可能会让主考官认为,你想要这份工作的企图心、决心还不够强。
相反的,求职者应该更积极、主动的利用面试最后一关的机会,适时的提出问题,这不但有助于主考官对你的印象能够加深,而且你也能趁此机会进一步了解这家公司的背景、企业文化是否适合你。
最重要的是,如果能够在面试时,提出漂亮的问题,录取的机率将会大大提高。所以,无论如何,前往面试前,先谨记10个可以反问主考官的问题,以便到时候可以提出。
1.贵公司对这项职务的工作内容和期望目标为和?有没有什么部分是我可以努力的地方?
2.贵公司是否有正式或非正式教育训练?
3.贵公司的升迁管道如何?
4.贵公司的多角化经营,而且在海内外都设有分公司,将来是否有外派、轮调的机会?
5.贵公司能超越同业的最大利基点为何?
6.在项目的执行分工上,是否有资深的人员能够带领新进者,并让新进者有发挥的机会?
7.贵公司强调的团队合作中,其它的成员素质和特性如何?
8.贵公司是否鼓励在职进修?对于在职进修的补助办法如何?
9.贵公司在人事上的规定和作法如何?
10.能否为我介绍一下工作环境,或者是否有机会能参观一下贵公司?
至于薪水待遇、年假天数、年终奖金、福利措施等问题,有些公司的主考官在面试时,会直接向求职者提出。如果对方没有提及,对社会新鲜人来说,在找第一份工作时,比较不适合提出,除非你有对方不得不录取你的条件。
另外,也有人在结束前,谦虚的请教主考官:您认为我今天的表现如何?录取的机率有多大?通常,这个问题也会让对方认为,你对这份工作抱有很大的决心和企图心,而你也可以试着从对方的回答中,约略猜测出自己成功的机率有多大,并且作为下一次面试时表现的参考!
英文求职信开头结尾精彩语句汇总
求职信开头处常用语
1、My interest in the position of Masonry Supply Manager has prompted me to forward my resume for your review an consideration.2、The sales Manager position advertised in the Chicago Tribune on October 12 intrigues me.I believe you will find me well-qualified.3、Your October 30 advertisement in The Jackson Review calls for an Administrative Assistant with a background rich in a variety of administrative skills ,such as mine.4、My desire to locate a responsible position in plant management has prompted me to forward the attached for your consideration.5、I am writing to inquire opportunities for computer programmers in your organization.6、Are you currently seeking a security specialist to maintain or upgrade the security of your organization?If so, I would like to apply for the position.7、My interest in joining Any Corporation as a licensed electrician had prompted me to forward my resume for your review.8、Having majored in mathematics at Rice University, where I also worked as a Research Assistant, I am confident that I would make a successful addition to your Economics Research Department.9、At the suggestion of Walter Durrane, I am enclosing my resume for your consideration pertaining to consulting or related assignments with Any Corporation.、I am forwarding my resume in regards to the opening we discussed in your Marketing Department.11、I want a job.Not any job with any company,but a particular job with your company.Here are my reasons:Your organization is more than just a company.It is an institution in the minds of the Chinese public.12、Attention of Human Resource Manager:Like many other young men, I am looking for a position.I want to get started.At the bottom,perhaps,but started.求职信结尾处常用语
1、I should appreciate the privilege of an intervies.I may be reached by letter at the address given above,or by telephone at 1234651.2、I feel that a personal meeting would give us the opportunity to discuss your shout-and long-term objectives and my ability to direct your organization towards successfully achieving those goals.3、I should be glad to have a personal interview,and can furmish references if desired.4、Thank you for your consideration.5、I will contact you in a few days to arrange a meeting for further discussion.In the interim,shold you require additional information,I may be reached at 6666666 between 11:00AM and 6:00PM.6、I welcome the opportunity to meet with you to further discuss my qualifications and your needs.Thank you for your time and consideration.7、I have enclosed a resume as well as a brief sample of my writing for your review.I look forward to meeting with you to discuss further how I could contribute to your organization.8、Thank you for your attention to this matter.I lood forward to speaking with you.9、The enclosed resume describles my qualifications for the position advertised.I would welcome the opportunity to personally discuss my qualifications with you at your convenience.10、I would welcome the opportunity for a personal intervies with you at your convenience.11、I feel confident that given the opportunity,I can make an immediate contribution to Any Corporation.I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss your requirements.I will call your office on Friday,to schedule an appointment.Thank you for your consideration.12、I look forward to speaking with you.13、I can be reached at the telephone number listed above.I would appreciate any leads you could give me.Again,I very much enjoyed our conversation
应聘公司招聘人员英文个人简历
Name/Detail address
OBJECTIVE
To contribute managerial skills to a challenging position as a recruiter.SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Extensive public relations work,dealing with all levels of employment.Self-motivated;able to organize,analyze and meet operational deadlines.Respond well in high-pressure atmosphere.Capable of handing a diversity of responsibilities simultaneously.EXPERIENCE
NORMAN DEPARTMENT STORES,New London,CT
Manager of Executive Recruitment,6/87-1/94 Oversaw college recruiting process,annual budget $75,000.Presented campus recruitment workshops;developed internship program.Hired/recruited support and merchandising staff.Organized senior executive involvement.Received award for overall achievement and outstanding performance in Human Resources,3/92.Department Manager,9/85-6/87
Merchandised childrens clothing and accessories.Analyzed/marketed $2 million inventory.Coordinated inventory control.Trained/developed staff of 15 sales associates in customer services skills and selling techniques.Achieved 20% sales increase over one year period.Chosen manager of the year for excellence in execution of responsibilities,1986.SEINFELDS Redding,CT
Selling Supervisor Trainee,6/85-8/85
Coordinated merchandising and overall appearance of Mens Department.Evaluated sales data.Controlled inventory and placement of incoming merchandise.Executed price revisions.EDUCATION
CONNECTICUT COLLEGE,New London,CT
B.A.,Spanish Modified with Government Studies,May 1987
NOTICE
Specific contributions display candidates achievements and problem-solving abilities.Specific dates of employment(month and year)are ideal for candidates with no gaps in work history.保险公司人力资源专员英文个人简历
Name/Detail Address
SKILLS
Human Resource Development:
Articulate and effective communicator and trainer.Inspire a team commitment to company goals,management objectives and high quality performance standards.Computer systems:Skilled in use and development of data collection,and spreadsheet programs for accounting,statistical analysis and reporting functions.Assisted in computer systems installations and full training of employees.Troubleshooter:Analytical with and established track record for identifying complex problems;resourceful and inventive in developing and implementing creative solutions with enhanced sensitivity to cost,efficiency and deadlines.EXPERIENCE
1993-Present Silver Guard Insurance Agency
TRAINING COORDINATOR
Develop training curriculum,aids and materials to instruct staff in division operations,corporate policy and procedure,and to maintain on-going personnel development in knowledge of current practices,increase job performance skills and maintain quality assurance for al office operations.Conduct highly effective classroom sessions and hands-on training encompassing billing,benefits,insurance industry regulations and relevant legal issues.Specialize in investigating medical malpractice cases.1991-1993 Orange community medical center
MANAGER
Managed and supervised daily credit and collections operations with responsibility for client billing and managing free care peograms.Controlled operating budget and contributed to overall budget planning.Analyzed accounts status and implemented appropriate collections procedures;facilitated clear communications with service vendors;worked effectively with attorneys in cases involving legal proceedings.1987-1991 Contemporary Temps
ASSISTANT MANAGER
Collected insurance statistical data;implemented cost avoidance programs and conducted training of temporary employees in billing procedures,goverment benefits programs,health card benefits issues,and insurance industry regulations.EDUCATION
Bachelor of science in business administration,1988
Coker College-Hartsville,SC
Skills section draws attention to candidates acquired professional qualifications.Chrono-functional resume has the strength of chronological format and the flexibility of functional format.面试对话
面试时总要说上那么几句,一般去了面试的公司以后,里面的接待人员都会主动问一些问题,先来看看下面这个对话吧:
A: Can I help you? 有什么事吗?
B: Yes.Ive come to apply for the position as an office secretary.是的我是来应聘办公室秘书一职的。A: Im Smith, the clerk of Human Resources Department.Whats your name? 我是史密斯,人力资源部秘书。你叫什么名字?
B: My name is Wang Fang.Mr.Smith, how do you do? 我叫王芳,史密斯先生,您好。
A: Nice to meet you, Miss Wang.We have received your letter in answer to our advertisement.I would like to talk with you regarding your qualification for this interview.很高兴认识你王小姐。我们已经收到你的应聘信,我想和你谈谈关于你应聘的事情。
B: Im very happy that I am qualified for this interview.能有机会参加面试我感到很荣幸。A: Now, talk something about yourself, please.哦,现在请谈谈你的个人情况吧。
B: Well, my name is Wang Fang.W-a-n-g Wang and F-a-n-g Fang.I was born on May 17, 1982.……好的。我叫王芳,W-a-n-g 王,F-a-n-g 芳。我出生于 1982年5月17日。…… Words & Expressions: interview: 面试 resume: 简历
office clerk: 办公室秘书,即文员 birthday place: 出生地 graduated...from: 毕业于 domicile place: 户口所在地
上一课我们讲了面试英语中首先要进行的开场白,那么接下来面试官就要听听你的自我介绍了。我们先来看一下下面的对话:
A:Good morning.Im Lydia Shen, the manager of the company.Whats your name please? B:How do you do, Miss Shen.My name is Penny Zhao.And Im coming for your advertisement for a trainee salesperson.A:How do you do, Penny? Well, for this job, we need people to work hard.Do you think youre suitable for this kind of job? B:Oh, yes, I think so.A:Ok.Please talk something about yourself or introduce yourself.B:……
A:早上好。我是Lydia Shen,这个公司的经理。你叫什么名字。B:你好,沈小姐。我叫Penny。我是来应聘见习推销员的。
A:你好,Penny。对于这个工作,我们需要刻苦能干的人,你觉得你能适应这样的工作吗? B:恩,我想我能。
A:好吧。那就说说你的情况吧,或者介绍一下自己。B:……
该介绍自己了,那么在面试中怎么做自我介绍呢?先来看一些背景知识:
有了这些背景知识,我们再掌握一些基本的单词和常用的句型来帮助我们理解对方的话和组织语言表达清楚自己的意思就足够了: Words & Expressions: part-time job: 兼职工作 full-time: 全职
position / vacancy: 职位,空缺 manager: 经理 director: 主任
president: 董事长,总经理 General Manager: 总经理 saleperson: 推销员 engineer: 工程师 accountant: 会计 degree: 学位
introduce:(动词)介绍 introduction:(名词)介绍
Let me introduce myself./ Let me do some introduction.让我来介绍一下自己。Which aspect do you want to know about me? 或者 What do you want to know about myself? 您想知道我哪方面的情况?
通常自我介绍都要介绍自己的个人情况,家庭情况,工作经验,个人能力等等,今天我们就来讲讲如何介绍自己的个人和家庭情况。先来看一些简单的对话: I: Where is your birthplace? C: I was born in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.I: Where is your native place? C: My native place is Tianjin.I: Are you a resident of Beijing now? C: Yes.I have been living in Beijing since my childhood.I: Where is your domicile place? C: My domicile place is Taiyuan.I: What is your nationality? C: Im Chinese.I: What is your nation? C: My nation is the Han.I: How large is your family? C: There are four of us including my parents, a younger sister and me.I: Do you spend much time talking with your family? C: Yes.Its said theres a generation gap in the world today, but I dont think this is the case at our house.We all work at taking time to talk with each other.Especially at mealtime, we all eat and talk together.Meals are very lively at our house.I: Your application form said that you have a younger sister.How do you get along with each other? C: We get along well with each other.She is 6 years younger than me, and she is right now studying for college entrance exams.She asks me a lot for advice on how to study and things like that.Besides, we do many things together, such as going swimming, mountain climbing and soon.Words & Expressions: 在对话里出现了以下单词: birthplace: 出生地 native place: 籍贯 resident: 居民
domicile place: 户籍所在地
nationality: 国籍;如果是nation则是指民族 generation gap: 代沟
application form: 申请书,在这里指求职信 除此之外,还有很多词,比如:
ability: 能力,才能,本领;aptitude: 天资,天赋;capability: 能力,才能; competence: 能力,胜任;facult: 能力,才能;genius: 天才 academic level: 业务水平
basic skill: 基本功; basic knowledge: 基本知识 professional titles: 职称 doctoral supervisors: 博士生导师 a teacher in charge of a class: 班主任 postgraduates: 研究生 undergraduate: 本科生
college / university students: 大学生 students of arts: 文科学生 students of science: 理科学生 family: 家庭; relative: 亲戚; be married: 结了婚的(状态)
通常我们在写完简历之后都会加注一些自己的性格和兴趣爱好之类的内容,而这些内容也是进行面试时经常会提到的话题,尤其是在英语面试的时候,面试方通常会问:How do you spend your spare time?
性格和兴趣能在面试的时候给你的面试官留下好的印象,为什么不努力来说好呢?今天我们就一起来学习面试英语的最后一讲:如何表达自己的性格和兴趣爱好。下面先来看一段对话吧: A:Do you have any hobbies? What is it or what are they? B:I am interested in watching TV or other relaxing games.A:How do you spend your spare time? B:I usually read or so some sports.A:What kind of book are you interested in? B:My favorite books are those about detectives.A:Well, those books are really good.I like them too.Do you think you are introverted or extroverted? B:In fact, I wouldnt call myself extroverted.Sometime I enjoy being by myself very much.But other times, I like sharing activities with others too, especially during these last few years.A:What kind of sports do you like? B:I like almost all sports, and I enjoy both playing and watching.I especially like tennis and mountain climbing.A:What kind of personality do you think you have? B:Well, I approach things very enthusiastically, I think, and I dont like to leave anything half-done.It makes me nervous-I cant concentrate on anything else until the first thing is finished.……
介绍自己的性格和兴趣爱好肯定少不了这方面的词汇和词组,对话中也出现了不少,现在我们来学习一些相关的单词和词组吧: Words & Expression: Hobby: 爱好,尤其指业余爱好 Spare time: 空闲时间,业余时间 Be good at: 擅长
Favorite: 最喜欢的,特别喜欢的,中意的 Detective: 侦探,侦探的;在对话中指侦探小说 Performance: 表演,演出 Ballet: 芭蕾舞
Introverted: 内向的,含蓄的,闭关自守的 Extroverted: 外向的,喜社交的
Personality / character / disposition / temperament: 个性,性格 Characteristic: 独特的,特有的,表示特性的 Enthusiastically: 热心地,狂热地 Background:
个人能力集中表现在社会荣誉、工作业绩、科研成果、著作等,这里最主要的是著作和工作成果。
著作包括所有出版过的书,发表过的论文。这一项对科研、学术工作者尤为重要。如果内容与所申请的职位密切相关,作者不仅应列入其中,而且可扼要介绍作品内容、社会影响和效果。面试时,应带上作品的原件或复印件。
了解到到底什么是个人能力以后,我们再来看一段对话: A:Would you talk about your merits? B:Yes, sir.When I was the sales manager of Beijing Friendship Store, I succeeded in raising yearly sales volume by 25% at profit margins of from 50% to 80%.A:Have you received any honors or rewards? B:Yes.I got the title of “Advanced Worker” in 1992 and 1994.A:Do you have any publications? B:Yes.My book entitled A Preliminary Survey of Controlling Inflation was published by China Finance Publishing House in 1993.对话中出现了一些词组用法和单词: Words & Expressions: Beijing Friendship Store: 北京友谊商店 Succeed in: 成功 sales volume:销售量
Advanced Worker:先进工作者
A Preliminary Survey of Controlling Inflation:抑制通货膨胀初探 China Finance Publishing House:中国金融出版社 如今各个用人单位的语言能力,尤其是外语能力,能懂得一门外语确实在应聘时有一些优势。今天这一讲我们就来讲讲在面试时如何表达自己的语言能力。看下面这段对话:
A:You will mainly use English in this job.Do you think you can make yourself understood in English with ease? B:Yes, I think I speak English quite fluently.Ive often explained historical places in Xian to foreign tourists in English.They say my English is quite good.A:How long have you been learning English? B:Oh, more than ten years.I started learning English when I was still in a primary school from a foreign teacher.A:Well, perhaps thats the reason why you are so fluent in it.B:Thank you.常见英文面试问答:
Q: What practical experience do you have which would help you in this job?
A: I have worked for… as…to be responsible for… for…months/years.During this period, I have helped the company to solve…(Problems), and I learnt …(Skill/knowledge)which will be definitely be of use in this job I am applying now for.Q: What are your reasons for applying for this job?
A: I’ve always been interested in …/I’ve always wanted to …
Q: What are your reasons for wanting to work for our company?
A: Your company has an excellent reputation for …;I’m very impressed by …((Remarks: Mention something specific about the company – do your homework!)
Q: What makes you feel that you’re the right person for this job?
A: I’m loyal and hard-working, and very good at … If I’m given the chance, I think I can contribute to the company’s growth and development by …
Q: Well, thank you for coming in, Mr/Ms……;we’ll be in touch with you shortly.A: Thank you again for giving me the chance to meet you.I’ll look forward to hearing from you in due course.刚毕业的大学生,通常会因为没有什么工作经验而受到质疑,当面试官提出这样的问题时,你也不要为此过于紧张和担心。你应该巧妙地回避你的缺点、而着重挖掘你已有的能力,特别是你的个人学习能力。你也可以表明你的观点:积极、快速、自主地去学习各种知识来充实自己,从而达到个人发展和工作上的要求。你可以这样表达:
I taught myself to use Photoshop and Excel by buying the manuals, and I’m pretty proficient
或者是
When I was at university,I took the chance to study German as an extra subject, and reached a reasonable level.