第一篇:英语单词加后缀时的拼写规则
英语单词加后缀时的拼写规则
英语中许多单词在实际运用时往往要根据人称、时态、语态、语气、数念和句法功能等进行一定的形式变化,在其后加一个或一组字母即后缀来表示,加缀时常常有固定的拼写规则,需要结合音节、音素和该单词最后一个或两个字母来区别对待。请先了解以下知识:
元音字母:a e i o u 辅音字母:b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z 音节:是读音的基本单位,任何单词的读音,都是分解为一个个音节来朗读的。以元音字母结尾的音节称为开音节,以辅音结尾的音节称为闭音节。重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号“ ' ”。
在含有两个以上音节的单词中才涉及到重读音节和非重读音节的区分。①单音节词几乎都按重读音节对待。②双音节名词60%以上是第一个音节重读;双音节动词有90%以上是第二个音节重读;
重读闭音节三要素:(1)必须是重读音节;(2)以一个辅音字母结尾;(3)元音字母发短元音。
下面以综合分类的方式说明加后缀时具体的拼写规则。辅音字母的双写
A 只有一个元音字母并以单一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词,如果后面接以元音字母开头的后缀,则首先要双写该辅音字母,然后再加后缀:
hit+ing=hitting knit+ed=knitted run+er=runner 但是:
keep, keeping(两个元音字母)help,helped(两个辅音字母)love,lover(以元音字母结尾)qu这时相当于一个辅音字母: quit,quitting 一个词如以w、x或y等辅音字母结尾,加后缀时不用双写该字母: row+ed=rowed box+ing=boxing B 含有两个或三个音节的词,如果是以单一辅音字母结尾的,而该辅音字母前只有一个元音字母、重音又在最后一个音节时,加后缀时应双写该辅音字母。例如:
acquit+ed=acquitted begin+er=beginner deter+ed=deterred recur+ing=recurring 但是:
murmur+ed=murmured answer+er=answerer orbit+ing=orbiting focus+ed写成focused或focussed均可,而bias+ed可写成biased或biassed。C handicap,kidnap,worship等词末尾的辅音字母也要双写: handicap,handicapped worship,worshipped kidnap,kidnapped D 以字母l结尾的词,如果l前面是单独一个元音字母或两个单独发音的元音字母,加后缀时则要双写字母l:
appal,appalled
1A 以ce和ge结尾的词后接以a或o开头的后缀时,要保留字母e: courage,courageous peace,peaceable manage,manageable replace,replaceable outrage,outrageous trace,traceable 这样做是为了避免读音上的变化,因为c和g一般在e和i之前弱读,在a或o之前则重读。B 以ce结尾的词,加后缀ous时要将e变为i: grace,gracious space,spacious malice,malicious vice,vicious 后缀ful
一个词后面加上后缀full时,第二个l要去掉:
beauty+full=beautiful(但是要注意副词形式为beautifully)
use+full=useful(但是要注意副词形式为usefully)如果需要加后缀的词本身也是以ll结尾,那么这一词的第二个l也要省略:
skill+full=skilful 注意:
full+fill=fulfil 以字母y结尾的词
以字母y结尾的词,如果字母y前为辅音字母,加后缀时需先将字母y变为i: carry+ed=carried happy+ly=happily hurry + ed=hurried sunny+er=sunnier study, studied, studious, 但也有例外:shy, shyly 接以i开头的后缀(如ing,ish等)时一般不变: baby + ish=babyish carry+ing=carrying hurry+ing=hurrying study + ing=studying try + ing=trying 在加以s和th后缀时,y要变成ie: study + s = studies twenty + th = twentieth sixty + th = sixtieth 如果y前面的字母为元音,y一般保持不变: boy + s = boys obey + ed=obeyed play+er=player say + ing = saying enjoy + ment = enjoyment 但有些单词例外: gay + ly = gaily day + ly = daily 6 ie和ei
3使用已久且为人所熟知时,连字号可省去,如layby,toothbrush。但这并不是一成不变的,连英国作者也有时会将几种形式混用,例如:他在不同场合可能把牙刷写成toothbrush,tooth brush或 tooth-brush 三种形式。
如果复合词是由几个单音节词组成的,则写成一个单一的词的可能性更大。不能判断时,最好的办法或是不用连字号,或是查词典。
B 必须有连字号的情况:
(a)如没有连字号会引起发音和意思上的变化时: co-operate合作
re-cover(=cover again)又盖住
(b)如复合词是为句子的需要临时组合的: a do-it-yourself shop提供自己动手的用具的商店
a go-as-you-please railway ticket不限定时间与车次的火车票,通用票(c)用于形容词短语中表达年龄、大小、重量和时间的长短等: a five-year-old child五岁的孩子 a ten-ton vehicle十吨卡车 a six-foot wall六英尺高的墙
a five-minute interval五分钟休息
注意:复合词没有复数形式,不加s。
副词与分词用在复合形容词中时,之间常用连字号,特别是在有被误解的危险时更要加连字号:
low-flying aircraft低飞的飞机 quick-dissolving sugar速溶白糖
C 连字号还用以将一行最后一个词分开,单词的前一部分留在上一行,后一部分移到下一行。一定要在词的自然可分处分,如在两个音节之间:
dis-couraged look-ing inter-val 单音节词不能分行写。-
第二篇:英语单词后缀
英语单词后缀
后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为三个部分:前缀(prefix),词根(stem)及后缀(suffix)。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀,可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里,后缀,又称词尾,是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀。
1、常见名词的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1).-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor 2).-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet 3).-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette 4).-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5).-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6).-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship 7).-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful 8).-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation 9).-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement 10).-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11).-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage 12).-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
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13).-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism 2使一个词变为动词的后缀。
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1).-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify 2).-ize;-en意为:使„„,变得„„(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3).-ate意为:增加,使„„听写(give or add,make or become)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate 3常见形容词的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1).-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,careful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful 2).-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless,homeless 3).-ly意为:有„„品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly 4).-like意为:像„„的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5).-y;-ish意为:像„„一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish 6).-some意为:像„„一样的;引起„„的;有„„品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome 7).-able(ible)意为:能„„的;可以„„的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,reliable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible 8).-ed意为:有„„的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped 9).-al意为:有„„属性的,„„类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical
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10).-ary(ory)意为:属于„„的,与„„相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory 11).-ous意为:富含„„的;有„„品质的;像„„的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious 12).-ic(ical)意为:„„类的;属于„„的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic 13).-ive意为:有„„属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive 4副词编辑常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1).-ly意为:以„„方式(in a...manner;etc.)例词:happily,boldly,attentive-ly,strangely 2).-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
3).-wise意为:1)按照„„方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就„„而言(asfar as...is concerned)例词:weatherwise,educationwise 4).以ly后缀结尾的副词,比较级都是+more,如more carefully,more useful最高级+most 如most carefully,most useful
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常见的英语单词后缀
名词后缀.⑴ 具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an,-ain,表示“„„地方的人,精通„„的人”American,historian, 2)-al,表示”具有„„职务的人“ principal, 3)-ant,-ent,表示”„„者” merchant,agent,servant,student, 4)-ar,表示“„„的人” scholar,liar,peddler 5)-ard,-art,表示”做„„的人”coward,laggard,braggart(夸张者)6)-arian,表示“„„派别的人,„„主义的人”humanitarian,vegetarian 7)-ary,表示”从事„„的人“ secretary,missionary 8)-ate,表示”具有„„职责的人“ candidate,graduate 9)-ator,表示”做„„的人“ educator,speculator(投机者)10)-crat,表示”某种政体,主义的支持者“ democrat,bureaucrat 11)-ee,表示”动作承受者“ employee,examinee 12)-eer,表示”从事于„„人“ engineer,volunteer 13)-er,表示”从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人“ banker,observer,Londoner,villager 14)-ese,表示” „„国人,„..地方的人”Japanese,Cantonese 15)-ess,表示“阴性人称名词,actress,hostess,manageress 16)-eur,表示”„„家” amateur,littérateur
17)-ian,表示“„„地方人,信仰„„.教的人,从事„„职业的人”Christian,physician(内科医生),musician 18)-ician,表示”精通者,„„家,”electrician,magician,technician 19)-icist,表示“„„家,„„.者,„„.能手”physicist,phoneticist,technicist
20)-ic,表示”„„者,„„师“ mechanic,critic 21)-ie,表示”爱,指小“ dearie,auntie,lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier,表示”从事„„职业” cavalier,clothier,brazier(黄铜匠)23)-ine,ian,表示“阴性人称” heroine,ballerina 24)-ist,表示“从事„„研究者,信仰„„主义者” pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist 25)-ive,表示“动作者,行为者” native,captive 26)-logist,表示”„„学家,研究者“ biologist,geologist(地质学家)27)-or,表示”„„者“ author,doctor,operator, 28)-ster,表示”做„„.事情的人”youngster,gamester(赌徒),songster 29)-yer,表示“ 从事„„职业者” lawyer
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⑵.构成,具有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy,表示”性质,状态,境遇“ accuracy,diplomacy 2)-age,表示”状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称“ courage,storage,marriage 3)-al,a)表示”事物的动作,过程”refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approval
b)表示具体的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal 4)-ance,-ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience 5)-ancy,-ency,表示”性质,状态,行为,过程“ frequency,urgency,efficiency, 6)-bility,表示”动作,性质,状态“ possibility,feasibility, 7)-craft,表示”工艺,技巧” woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft(治国策)
8)-cracy,表示“统治,支配” bureaucracy,democracy 9)-cy,表示“性质,状态,职位,级别” bankruptcy(破产),supremacy 10)-dom,表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom,kingdom,wisdom 11)-ery,-ry,表示“行为,状态,习性” bravery,bribery,rivalry 12)-ety,表示“性质,状态” variety,dubiety(怀疑)13)-faction,-facture,表示”作成,„„化,作用“ satisfaction,manufacture 14)-hood,表示”资格,身份,年纪,状态“ childhood,manhood,falsehood 15)-ice,表示”行为,性质,状态“ notice,justice,service 16)-ine,表示”带有抽象概念“ medicine,discipline,famine 17)-ing,表示”动作的过程,结果“ building,writing,learning 18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示”行为的过程,结果,状况“ action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction 19)-ise,表示”性质,状态” exercise,merchandise(商业)20)-ism,表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为” socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism 21)-ity,表示“性质,状态,程度” purity,reality,ability,calamity 22)-ment,表示”行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument 23)-mony,表示“动作的结果,状态” ceremony,testimony 24)-ness,表示“性质,状态,程度” goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness 25)-or,-our,表示“动作,性质,状态” favor,error, 26)-osity,表示“动作,状态” curiosity
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27)-ship,表示”情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship,membership,friendship 28)-th,表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth,wealth,truth,length,growth 29)-tude,表示“性质,状态,程度” latitude,altitude(海拔)30)-ure,表示“行为,结果” exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续),31)-y,表示“行为的结果,状态,性质” glory,history,victory,inquiry ⑶ 带有场所,地方的含义
1)-age,表示”住所,地点“ village,cottage 2)-ary,表示”住所,场地“ library,granary(谷仓)3)-ery,ry,表示”工作场所,饲养所,地点“ laundry,nursery,surgery(手术室)
4)-ory,表示”工作场所,住处“ factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory ⑷ 带有学术,科技含义
1)-grapy,表示”„„学,写法” biography,calligraphy,geography 2)-ic,ics,表示“„„学„„法” logic,mechanics,optics,electronics 3)-ology,表示“„„学„„论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)4)-nomy,表示”„„学„„术“ astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)5)-ery,表示”学科,技术“ chemistry,cookery,machinery 6)-y,表示”„„学,术,法” photography,philosophy ⑸ 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义 1)-age,baggage,tonnage 2)-dom,newspaperdom(新闻界)3)-hood,neighbourhood,womanhood 4)-ery,cavalry,ministry(内阁)5)-ure,legislature,judicature ⑹ 表示物品和物质名称的含义 1)-ant,ent,solvent,constant 2)-al,signal,pictorial(画报)
3)ar,collar,pillar(石柱)
4)-er,boiler,computer,washer,cooker 5)-ery,drapery(绸缎)6)-ing,clothing,matting, 7)-ment,instrument,equipment,attachment ⑺ 表示“细小”的含义 1)-cle,particle, 2)-cule,molecule(分子)
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3)-el,parcel 4)-en,chicken,maiden 5)-et,pocket,ticket 6)-etta,-ette,etto,cigarette,essayette(短文)7)-kin,napkin 8)-ling,duckling, 9)-let,booklet 10)-y,baby,doggy 形容词后缀.⑴带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able,-ible,movable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible 2)-al,natural,additional,educational 3)-an,ane,urban,suburban,republican 4)-ant,-ent,distant,important,excellent 5)-ar,similar,popular,regular 6)-ary,military,voluntary 7)-ice,-atie,ical,politic,systematic,historic,physical, 8)-ine,masculine,feminine,marine 9)-ing,moving,touching,daring 10)-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish 11)-ive,active,impressive,decisive 12)-ory,satisfactory,compulsory 13)-il,-ile,-eel,fragile,genteel(文雅的)⑵ 表示“相象,类似”的含义 1)-ish,boyish,childish 2)-esque,picturesque 3)-like,manlike,childlike 4)-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly 5)-some,troublesome,handsome 6)-y,milky,pasty ⑶ 表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful 2)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various 3)-ent,violent ⑷ 表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义 1)-en,wooden,golden,woolen 2)-ous,gaseous
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3)-fic,scientific ⑸ 表示方向的含义
1)-ern,eastern,western 2)-ward,downward,forward ⑹ 表示“倍数”的含义 1)-ble,double,treble 2)ple,triple 3)-fold,twofold,tenfold ⑺ 表示“数量关系”的含义 1)-teen,thirteen 2)-ty,fifty 3)-th,fourth,fiftieth ⑻ 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义 1)-an,Roman,European 2)-ese,Chinese, 3)-ish,English,Spanish ⑼ 表示“比较程度”的含义 1)-er,greater 2)-ish,reddish,yellowish 3)-est,highest 4)-most,foremost,topmost ⑽其他的含义
-less,表示否定,countless,stainless,wireless 动词后缀.1)-ize,ise,表示“做成,变成,„„化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize
2)-en,表示”使成为,引起,使有” quicken,weaken,soften,harden 3)-ify,表示“使„„化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify
4)-ish,表示”使,令” finish,abolish,diminish,establish
5)-ate,表示“成为„„,处理,作用” separate,operate,indicate 副词后缀.1)-ly,possibly,swiftly,simply 2)-ward,-wards,downward,inwards,upward 3)-ways,always,sideways
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4)-wise,otherwise,clockwise 名词后缀单词举例.⒈-ant,-ent表示人或构件
applicant(申请人),assistant(助手),occupant(居 住者,占有人),component(部件,成分),defendant(被 告)dependant(依赖他人者)
⒉-ee在动词后面,表示动作的接受者
employee(被雇佣者),abandonee(受领被抛弃财物者),addressee(收件人),appointee(被任命者),refugee(难民)
⒊-eer表示“从事于„„的人”
engineer(工程师),profiteer(投机者),pioneer(先 锋),volunteer(志愿者)
⒋-er加在动词后指人或机械;加在地名后面指该地区的人 dispenser(药剂师),dyer(染色工),sampler(品尝家),absorber(吸收者),amplifier(扩大器),Londoner(伦敦人),New Yorler(纽约人)⒌-or指人或物
accelerator(加速器),accumulator(蓄电池、存储器),actor(演员),collector(收集者)⒍-graph用于写或记录的机械
ammograph(风速什),chorograph(位置测定器),seimograph(地震仪)。
⒎-ian,-an,-ese指大陆、国家的人
African(非洲人),American(美国人),Asian(亚洲人),Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中国人)⒏-ician指熟悉„„人
electrician(电工),logician(逻辑学家),mathematician(数学者)
⒐-ist指相信某种理论或制度或经常做某项工作的人 botanist(植物学家),chemist(化学家),communist(共产党员),typist(打字员),violinist(小提琴家)⒑-miter,-meter仪器
tachmiter(视距仪,准距仪),tromometer(微震仪)。⒒-ism主义
socailism(社会主义),capitalism(资本主义)⒓-ard指人,带轻蔑意味
/ 14-drunkard(醉鬼),coward(胆小鬼)
13.-ette小,(商业上)表示假的
cigarette(香烟),kitchenette(小厨房),essayette(短论文),storyette(短篇小说),flannette(棉法兰 绒),leatherette(人造革)。⒕-y,-ie加在称呼上表示亲昵。
Deary(亲爱的),daddy(爸爸),granny(奶奶、姥姥),shorty(短衣服)
⒖-let小(加在名词后面)
booklet(小册子),streamlet(小溪)⒗-ling小(带有轻蔑的意思)
lordling(愧儡王),professorling(小教授),weakling(窝囊废),hireling(市侩)⒘-age加在动词后面,表示行为的结果
stoppage(阻塞),storage(储藏),marriage(婚姻),stortage(短缺)⒙-al加在动词后面
approval(建议),denial(否认),refusal(拒绝),rehearsal(彩排)
⒚-ion,-sion,-tion加在动词后面
selection(选择),correction(修改),intention(打 算),recognition(认识),description(描写),education(教育),solution(解决),decision(决定)20.-cy构成名词
accuracy(正确性),diplomacy(外交),constancy(经常),bankruptcy(破产)21.-dom表示国家,职业,状况
freedom(自由),martyrdom(殉难),kingdom(王国),wisdom(智慧)
22.-ful加在容器后面,表示某容器的容量
handful(一把的),mouthful(一口之量的),glassful(一杯之量的)
23.-hood为名词后辍,表示关系或抽象意义
brotherhood(兄弟),fatherhood(你辈),neighborhood(邻居),likelihood(可能性)24.-it,is表示“炎症”
bronchitis(支气管炎),arthritis(关节炎),appendicitis(阑尾炎)
0 / 14-
25.-ity加在形容词后面,表示抽象意义
ability(能力),reality(现实).26.-ment加在动词后面
advertisement(广告),government(政府),punishment(惩罚),settlement(解决),statement(声明),pavement(人行道)
27.-ness是最活跃的后缀之一,可以加在许多形容词后,构成抽 象名词
friendliness(友好),kindness(和蔼),progressiveness(进步)
28.-gram构成“画、图、字”等含义
diagram(图表,图解),program(计划),telegram(电 文,电报)
29.-ship加在名词后面,表示状态、抽象概念 friendship(友谊),relationship(关系),membership(成员),citizenship(居民权)
30.-try,-ery加在名词、形容词、动词后面,表示集体,地点 archery(箭术),fishery(渔场),brewery(酿酒厂),forestry(林业)31.-th是名词后辍
birth(出生),death(死亡),depth(深度),growth(生长),strength(力量),truth(真理)32.-ty加在形容词后面,表示特性或情况
bounty(慷慨,好施),cruelty(残酷),loyalty(忠 诚),plenty(多),safety(安全)
33.-ure加在动词后面,表示行为及其结果
disclosure(说出,透露),expenditure(花费),mixture(混合),exposure(展现,暴露),picture(图画)34.-ics主要表示一门学问
acoustics(声学),aerobatics(技巧飞行),economics(经济学),electronics(电子学),mechanics(机械学)35.-logy表示一门学科
archaeology(考古学),biology(生物学),etymology(词源学),geology(地理学)36.-nomy astronomy(天文学),economy(经济),taxonomy(分类学)
/ 14-
形容词后缀单词举例.⒈-able,-ible加在动词后面
acceptable(可接受的),avoidable(可避免的)understandable(可理解的),readable(可读的),countable(可数的),possible(可能的)2.-al加在地名上
African(非洲的),Australian(澳大利亚的),Canadian(加拿 大的)
⒋-ern表示方向
eastern(东方的),northern(北方的),southern(南 方的),western(西方的)⒌-ese 表示人
Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中国人),Vietnamese(越南人)
6.-ic加在名词后面
economic(经济的),specific(特殊的),scientific(科学的)
⒎-ical加在名词后面
economical(经济的),historical(历史的),political(政治的)
8.-ish ⑴.加在国家名称后面,表示该国的或者该国的人。
Swedish(瑞典的),Irish(爱尔兰的),Danish(丹麦的)⑵.加在普通名词后面,表示“具有„„性质”,或者含有轻蔑的意思。
Childish(幼稚的),womanish(女人气的),foolish(愚昧的),selfish(自私的)。
⑶.加在表示颜色的形容词后面,表示“略带„„颜色的”。Greenish(微绿的),yessowish(微黄色的)。⒐-ar加在外词后面,构成形容词
annular(环状的),familiar(熟悉的),linear(线的),nuclear(原子的),angular(角的),circular(圆的)⒑-ed加在名词后面,构成形容词
aged(年长的),cultured(有文化的),skilled(有技术 的),talented(有才能的),wretched(可怜的)⒒-fold加在数词或名词后,构成形容词
twofold(双倍的),threefold(三倍的),tenfold(十
/ 14-
倍的),thousandfold(千倍的),manifold(许多倍的)⒓-id构成形容词
acid(酸的),acrid(刻薄的)⒔-ing加在动词后面,构成形容词
appetizing(开胃的),encouraging(鼓舞人心的),exciting(令人激动的),interesting(有趣的)。⒕-less加在名词后面,构成与之反义的形容词
armless(无手臂的),boundless(无限的),countless(不可数的),faithless(背信弃义的)
15.-proof加在名词之后,表示“防„的”形容词
airproof(防气的),soundproof(隔音的),bombproof(防炸弹的),burglarproof(防盗的),waterproof(防水的)⒗-some加在形容词后,构成形容词
fulsome(过度的,讨厌的),gladsome(愉快的),tiresome(疲惫的),lonesome(孤独的)⒘-ious,-uous,-eous构成形容词
various(多种多样的),continuous(继续的),courageous(有勇气的)
18.-en加在名词后面,构成动词
lengthen(加长),frighten(恐吓)动词后缀单词举例..⒈-ate,-ute accumulate(集中),formulate(形成),calculate(计 算),attribute(归功)⒉-en加在名词、形容词后面
blacken(使„„黑),broaden(扩宽),deepen(加深),fasten(加快),harden(加固),thicken(加厚)⒊-ify加在名词、形容词后面
acidify,alkalify(碱化),beautify(美化),electrify(使充电),certify(肯定),modify(修正)4.-ize,-ise,-yze,-yse Americanize(美国化),analyze(分析),democratize(民主化),modernize(现代化),popularize(通俗化,推广)5.-er batter(猛打),flatter(吹捧),chatter(喋喋不休地 说),whisper(耳语)
/ 14-
副词后缀单词举例.1.-ly加在形容词后面
immediately(立即),quickly(快的),namely(即,就是说)2.-ways,-wise,-ward加在名词或代词后面
endways(末端向上地),endwise(末端向下地),lengthways(纵长地),lengthwise(纵长地),backwards(向后退地),upwards(向上地)
/ 14-
第三篇:2012高考英语单词拼写
2012高考英语单词拼写(1)
说明:
1、所有内容为赵松涛老师独立编写;
2、“须重点记忆的单词”在应用时须注意其词性及形式的变化。
▲单词拼写题小结
一、考点
1、名词:可数、不可数,可数名词的单复数形式;
2、动词:时态、语态、非谓语及动词形式的不规则变化;
3、形容词、副词:形容词与副词的区别(也可能考比较级及最高级);
4、数词:主要考序数词。
二、解题方法
1、根据语境确定所填单词的确切含义和词性;
注意:不论是给汉语注释的还是给首字母的题都是如此。特别是给汉语注释的,其注释不一定准确。如: This plant is found in the ____(南部)parts of the country.(2000全国)其确切含义应为“南部的”,所以此空应填southern。
2、根据所填单词对应词性的考点(见单词拼写题小结
一、考点)确定单词的正确形式,进行填写。
三、需要注意的问题
1、有些单词的首字母需要大写,应特别注意;
2、书写要工整、清楚。特别要注意几个手写时易混的字母,如u和v;a和u;d和cl。▲须重点记忆的单词
★A
ability能力; absent缺席的;abroad到国外; accept接受;achieve获得,实现;activity活动;actual实际的,真实的;advanced先进的,高级的;adventure冒险,奇遇;advantage
优势;address地址;admit承认,允许进入;advertise登广告;affect影响;afford买得起;agriculture农业; announce宣布;anxious焦虑的,渴望的; apologize道歉;appearance出现,外表;appreciation感激,欣赏;arrival到达;astronaut宇航员;atmosphere大气,气氛;attempt企图,尝试;attentively专心地;attract吸引;audience听众;average平均; appetite食欲;attitude态度;
★B
balance平衡;bargain讨价还价;basically基本地,主要地;benefit利益;beyond超过;biology生物学;bitter苦的;branch分支,部门;broadcast广播,播送;breathe呼吸;behaviour行为;belief信仰,信念;
★C
camera照相机;capital首都,省会; captain队长,船长;ceiling天花板;celebrate庆祝;century世纪;chain链子;连锁;challenge挑战;channel航道,海峡,频道;character特征;charge收费,索价;chat聊天;Christmas圣诞节;citizen公民;cigarette香烟; climate气候; coal煤炭; collar衣领; comfortably舒适
地;communication通讯;competition竞赛;complete完全的,彻底的;composition作文;concert音乐会;conductor售票员,导体;confident自信的;congratulation祝贺;construction建设;continent大陆,大洲;convenient方便的;conversation交谈;cough咳嗽;course过程,课程,一道菜;courage勇气; cousin堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹;crowd人群;curtain窗帘;culture文化;curious好奇的;custom习俗;customer消费者;conclusion结论; contribution贡献;
★D
daily每日的;dangerous 危险的;decade十年;definitely明确地,肯定地;deliver投递;declare宣布;deserve应受,值得;description描述;design设计;devote专心,致力于;determine决心,决定;dialogue/dialog对话;dictionary字典;direction方向;指导;disaster灾难;disappear消失;discussion讨论;disturb 打扰;diary日记;digital数码的; download下载;dustbin垃圾箱;decrease减少;department部,局,处,科;系;dynasty王朝,朝代;
★E
economical经济的,节约的;educate教育;effective 有效的;efficient 效率高的;effort努力;electricity电;equality平等;encourage鼓励;energy能量;精
力;entrance入口;envelope信封;environment环境;escape逃避;especially尤其,特别;exhibition展览会;expert专家;extremely极端地;eventually最终地;
★F
familiar熟悉的; failure失败; finger手指; flour面粉; fluently流利地; forbid禁止; foreigner外国人; forgive原谅; fortunately幸运地; freedom自由; frequent频繁的; fresh新鲜的; fruit水果; friendly友好的; fuel燃料; furniture 家具; festival节日;
★G
generation一代; generally一般地; generous慷慨的;大方的; geography地理; glove手套; government政府; graduation毕业; gradual逐渐的; grammar语法; guest客人; guide导游;
★H
habit习惯; handkerchief手帕; handwriting书法,笔迹; harvest收获; healthily健康地; height高度; honor尊敬; hunger饥饿; humourous幽默的;
★I
idiom习语; island岛; imagine想象; immediately 立即,立刻; increase 增加; income收入; industry工业,勤劳; inform通知; internet因特网; interview采访,面试; interrupt打断,打扰; inventor发明者; insurance保险;
★J
journalist记者; judge法官; justice正义,公正; junior初级的;
★K
kindergarten幼儿园; kite风筝; knowledge知识; kitchen厨房;
★L
labour劳动; lack缺乏; ladder梯子; language语言; lately最近; latter后者; lawyer律师; league联盟; lecture演讲; level水平; librarian图书管理员; local当地的; luggage行李; luckily 幸运地;
magazine杂志; majority多数; market市场; marriage结婚;material原料; meanwhile同时; measure测量,尺寸; medical医学的; memory记忆力; mental精神的; menu菜单; mention提到; merry欢乐的; merely仅仅,只不过; message消息; metal金属; mirror镜子; monitor班长; monument纪念碑; mostly主要地;大部分; museum博物馆; media传媒; minority少数,少数民族; mobile移动的; motto格言; mystery神秘;
★N
narrow 狭窄的; nationality国籍; naturally自然地; neatly整洁地; necessary必要的; neighbour邻居; nephew侄子,外甥; niece侄女,外甥女; normal正常的; nowadays现在; nurse护士; nutrition营养;
obey服从; object物体,反对; ocean海洋; offer提供; operation操作,做手术; opposite相反的; organize组织; overcome克服; obvious明显的; Olympic奥林匹克的; outstanding杰出的;
★P
palace宫殿; paragraph段; park停放(车); particular特别的; partner搭档; panda熊猫; passenger乘客; patient耐心的,病人; peaceful和平的; peasant农民; performance 表演; period时期; permit允许; persuade说服; phenomenon现象; physical身体的,物理的; pillow枕头; pilot飞行员; population人口,人数; poisonous有毒的; pollution污染; position位置; practical实际的,实用的; pressure压力; precious珍贵的,宝贵的; president总统; pretend假装; program节目,项目; project工程; pronunciation发音; purpose目的,意图; potential潜力; private私人的; privilege特权;
★Q
quality质量; quantity数量; quarrel争吵; quarter四分之一; queue队,行列; ★R
raise提高,抚养; rare稀有的,罕见的; recently近来;recognize认出; record 记录; recover恢复; recycle回收,再利用; reduce减少; refuse拒绝; refer 参考,提到; regular规则的; relative相对的,亲戚; remain保持,剩下,仍然; remind提醒,使想起; remove去掉; resign辞职,放弃; request要求; research调查,研究; respect尊敬; restaurant饭馆; resource资源; review复习; responsibility责任心;
safety安全; salary薪水; satisfaction满足; scene场景; scenery风景; scientific科学的; secretly 秘密地; secretary秘书; seldom很少; senior高级的,年长的; sense感觉,辨别力; serious严肃的,严峻的; service服务; separate分离,单独的; shape形状,制作; share分享,份额; sheet被单; shelf架子; shortcoming缺点; shoulder肩膀; similar类似的; situation形势; slightly轻微地; smoothly光滑地,平坦地,平稳地; society社会; spare抽出(时间、人手); spread传播; square广场; standard标准; steal偷窃; straight直的,直地; stranger陌生人; strangely奇怪地 suffer受苦,遭受; system系统; selfish自私的; sensitive敏感的; sincerely真诚地; strengthen加强; sympathy同情;
★T
task任务; technique技术; temperature温度,体温; theatre剧场,戏院; therefore因此; thief贼; thirsty渴的,缺水的; thorough彻底的; thunder雷声; title标题; tobacco烟草; toilet洗手间; traffic交通; translate翻译; traveller旅行者; trousers长裤; typical典型的; throughout贯穿,在整个……期间; tourism旅游业; traditional传统的,传说的;
★U
umbrella伞; uniform制服; union协会,联盟; university综合大学; universe宇宙; upstairs在楼上; unique唯一的,独特的;
★V
vacation假期; valley山谷;流域; value价值; variety变化,多样性; various各种各样的; vegetable蔬菜; victory胜利; villager村民; vocabulary词汇; voyage航行,航海; volunteer志愿者;
★W
waste浪费,无用的,垃圾; weather 天气; wedding婚礼; weight重量; willing愿意的; welfare福利; wonder想知道,奇观
★Y
youth青,青春;
★一年中的十二个月:
January 一月; February二月; March三月; April四月;
May五月; June六月; July七月; August八月; September九月; October十月; November十一月; December十二月;
★一周中的七天:
Monday星期一; Tuesday星期二; Wednesday星期三;
Thursday星期四; Friday星期五; Saturday星期六; Sunday星期天;
★大洲大洋国家名(名词、形容词):
如:Asian亚洲的; European欧洲的; African非洲的 ;Pacific太平洋;Atlantic大西洋; German德国的,德国人,德语; Germany德国;France法国; French法国人,法语,法国的; Canadian加拿大的,加拿大人; Canada加拿大; Russia俄罗斯; Russian俄国人,俄语,俄国的;
★东西南北(名词、形容词):
east(东,东方); eastern(东方的,东部的); west(西,西方); western(西方的,西部的); south(南,南方); southern(南方的,南部的); north(北,北方); northern(北方的,北部的)
★基数词和序数词(1---
19、20---90):
如:fifth 第五;ninth第九;twelfth第十二;twentieth第二十(30、40、50、60、70、80、90的序数词都是去掉y加ieth)
第四篇:初中英语单词拼写-Cc
Revision of vocabulary(Cc)Name__________
1.On Teachers’ Day, Miss Chen got a bunch of flowers with c_______ in them, which said “Happy Teachers’ Day”.2.Hangzhou has c_________ a lot in the last five years.3.What will the weather be like tomorrow?------It will be a nice day, c_______ not very hot.4.He does his homework less c______ than his little sister, so we always can find many mistakes in his homework.I like wearing c________ dresses, because they feel very soft.6.Of all the c________ in China, I like Shanghai best.7.I regard my mother as one of my c_______ friends.8.---Could you please help me with my Chinese, Allen?---C__________.It’s my pleasure..9..Listen carefully, my kids.All here are your gifts, every one can c_______ one you like.10.Nowadays, many teenagers like to c_____ their favourite movie stars in the way they dress.11.We children should help our parents do some c_______ at home.12.I am c__________ visiting Tokyo for my next vacation.13.We can’t be afraid of difficulties.We must face the c______.14.I don’t like singers who don’t sing the words c_______.15.If you think it over, you can c____ up with a good idea.16.I’d like to buy a used car because I’m short of money.The c_____, the better.17.I hear that maglev(磁悬浮列车)can c_____ more passengers than multiple-unit train.18.Judy, your hair is too long, You’d better have it c____ shorter.19.Sorry, I can’t hear you.Would you like to say it more c______.20.A car hit an old woman at the c______ of Qingchun Road and Fengqi Road
21.If this skirt cost 25$ and you gave the shop keeper 50$,you should get 25$ c______.22.When the famous basketball players won the game, their supporters stood up from their c_____ to cheer.23.It is said that C_______ Father always put their gifts into the stocking or by the fireplace.24.What time does the next c______ begin ?----At 9 o’clock.25.I don’t c_____ to play football, I’d rather go for a walk.26.What would you like to do on weekends?-----Why not go to the c______? There’s a new movie called “Alice's Adventures in Wonderland”.27.The weather reporter says tomorrow will be even c_____ than today.28.My grandparents have five c______, so I have two uncles and two aunts.29.I think C_______ is one of the most beautiful languages in the world.30.Jimmy likes red.So he c______ the walls of his bedroom all red.31.It must be Alice’s history book.Look!There is her name on the c_______ of the book.32.In the c_____ of the city lies a symbol statue “Dream”.33.The baby can c____ as soon as he is born.34.The soldiers took three days to c______ the desert.35.The beautiful girl’s c______ impressed me a lot.
第五篇:常见的英语单词后缀
常见的英语单词后缀
名词后缀1 :具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an,-ian, 表示“„„地方的人,精通„„的人”American, historian, 2)-al, 表示”具有„„职务的人“ principal, 3)-ant,-ent, 表示”„„者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)-ar, 表示“„„的人” scholar, liar,5)-ard,-art, 表示”做„„的人”coward, braggart(夸张者)6)-arian, 表示“„„派别的人,„„主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)-ary, 表示”从事„„的人“ secretary, missionary 8)-ate, 表示”具有„„职责的人“ candidate, graduate 9)-ator, 表示”做„„的人“ educator, speculator(投机者)10)-crat, 表示”某种政体,主义的支持者“ democrat, bureaucrat 11)-ee, 表示”动作承受者“ employee, examinee 12)-eer, 表示”从事于„„人“ engineer, volunteer 13)-er, 表示”从事某种职业的人, 某地区,地方的人“ banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)-ese, 表示” „„国人,„..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese 15)-ess, 表示“阴性人称名词,actress, hostess, 16)-eur, 表示”„„家” amateur,17)-ian, 表示“„„地方人,信仰„„.教的人,从事„„职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生),musician 18)-ician, 表示”精通者,„„家,”electrician, magician, technician 19)-icist, 表示“„„家,„„.者, „„.能手”physicist, 20)-ic, 表示”„„者,„„师“ mechanic, 21)-ie, 表示”爱,指小“ auntie, lassie(小姑娘)22)-ier, 表示”从事„„职业” brazier(黄铜匠)23)-ine, ina, 表示“阴性人称” heroine, ballerina 24)-ist, 表示“从事„„研究者,信仰„„主义者” pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 25)-ive, 表示“动作者,行为者” native, captive 26)-logist, 表示”„„学家,研究者“ biologist, geologist(地质学家)27)-or, 表示”„„者“ author, doctor, operator, 28)-ster, 表示”做„„.事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),29)-yer, 表示“ 从事„„职业者” lawyer
名词后缀2:构成,有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy, 表示”性质,状态,境遇“ accuracy, diplomacy 2)-age, 表示”状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称“ courage, storage, marriage 3)-al, a)表示”事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, b)表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal 4)-ance,-ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, 5)-ancy,-ency, 表示”性质,状态,行为,过程“ frequency, urgency, efficiency, 6)-bility, 表示”动作,性质,状态“ possibility, feasibility, 7)-craft, 表示”工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, 8)-cracy, 表示“统治,支配” bureaucracy, democracy 9)-cy, 表示“性质,状态,职位,级别” bankruptcy(破产),supremacy 10)-dom, 表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11)-ery,-ry, 表示“行为,状态,习性” bravery, bribery, rivalry 12)-ety, 表示“性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)13)-faction,-facture, 表示”作成,„„化,作用“ satisfaction, manufacture 14)-hood, 表示”资格,身份, 年纪,状态“ childhood, manhood, falsehood 15)-ice, 表示”行为,性质,状态“ notice, justice, service 16)-ine, 表示”带有抽象概念“ medicine, discipline, 17)-ing, 表示”动作的过程,结果“ building, writing,18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition, 表示”行为的过程,结果,状况“ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 19)-ise, 表示”性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)20)-ism, 表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为” socialism, criticism, heroism 21)-ity, 表示“性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, 22)-ment, 表示”行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 23)-mony, 表示“动作的结果,状态” ceremony, testimony 24)-ness, 表示“性质,状态,程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)-or,-our, 表示“动作,性质,状态” favor, error, 26)-osity, 表示“动作,状态” curiosity 27)-ship, 表示”情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 29)-tude, 表示“性质,状态,程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)30)-ure, 表示“行为,结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),31)-y, 表示“行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry
名词后缀3 :带有场所,地方的含义
1)-age, 表示”住所,地点“ village, cottage 2)-ary, 表示”住所,场地“ library, granary(谷仓)3)-ery, ry, 表示”工作场所,饲养所,地点“ laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)4)-ory, 表示”工作场所,住处“ factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory
名词后缀4: 带有学术,科技含义
1)-grapy, 表示”„„学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 2)-ic, ics, 表示“„„学„„法” logic, mechanics, optics, electronics 3)-ology, 表示“„„学„„论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)4)-nomy, 表示”„„学„„术“ astronomy, economy,5)-ery, 表示”学科,技术“ chemistry, cookery, machinery 6)-y, 表示”„„学,术,法” photography, philosophy
名词后缀5: 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义
1)-age, baggage, tonnage 2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood 4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)5)-ure, legislature,名词后缀6: 表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant 2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)4)-er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker 5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)6)-ing, clothing, matting, 7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment
名词后缀7:表示“细小”的含义
1)-cle, particle, 2)-cule, molecule(分子)3)-el, parcel 4)-en, chicken, maiden 5)-et, pocket, ticket 6)-etta,-ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)7)-kin, napkin 8)-ling, duckling, 9)-let, booklet 10)-y, baby, doggy
形容词后缀1: “属性,倾向,相关”等含义
1)-able,-ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant,-ent, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 6)-ary, military, voluntary 7)-ic, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring 10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory 13)-il,-ile,-eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)
形容词后缀2:表示“相象,类似”的含义
1)-ish, boyish, childish 2)-esque, picturesque 3)-like, manlike, childlike 4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)-some, troublesome, handsome 6)-y, milky, pasty
形容词后缀3:表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent, violent
形容词后缀4:表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific
形容词后缀5:表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western 2)-ward, downward, forward
形容词后缀6:表示“倍数”的含义
1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple 3)-fold, twofold, tenfold
形容词后缀7:表示“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty 3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
形容词后缀8:表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese, 3)-ish, English, Spanish
形容词后缀9:表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er, greater 2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest 4)-most, foremost, topmost
形容词后缀10:否定的含义
-less, countless, stainless, wireless
动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,变成,„„化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示”使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使„„化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示”使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为„„,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply 2)-ward,-wards, downward, inwards, upward 3)-ways, always,4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise 4