第一篇:课外知识扩展之边塞诗
主题阅读五:边塞诗
一、边塞诗的概念
边塞诗:边塞诗是以边疆地区军民生活和自然风光为题材的诗。
二、代表诗人:高适、岑参、王昌龄、王之涣合称“边塞四诗人”。
高适(700年—765年),字达夫、仲武,景县(今河北景县)人,后迁居宋州睢阳(今河南商丘),唐代著名的边塞诗人。少孤贫,爱交游,有游侠之风,并以建功立业自期。天宝八载(749年),经睢阳太守张九皋推荐,50岁应举中第,授封丘尉。十一载,因不忍“鞭挞黎庶”和不甘“拜迎官长”而辞官,又一次到长安。次年入陇右、河西节度使哥舒翰幕,为掌书记。安史之乱后,曾任淮南节度使、彭州刺史、蜀州刺史、剑南节度使等职,官至渤海县侯终散常侍,世称“高常侍”。永泰元年(765年)卒,终年65岁,赠礼部尚书,谥号忠。代表作:《别董大》《燕歌行》。
岑参(cén shēn)(约715-770),天宝三年进士。八年至安西节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记,后又随封常清至北庭任安西北庭节度判官。至德二载与杜甫等五人授右补阙。后出任嘉州刺史,大历五年卒於成都。工诗,长于七言歌行。现存诗三百六十首。对边塞风光,军旅生活,以及少数民族的文化风俗有亲切的感受,故其边塞诗尤多佳作。“雄奇瑰丽”是其突出特点,生动夸张、慷慨激昂、奇峻壮阔、气势磅礴、想象丰富、语言变化自如。代表作:《白雪歌送武判官归京》《走马川行奉送出师西征》。
王昌龄(698— 756),盛唐著名边塞诗人,后人誉为“七绝圣手”。早年贫贱,困于农耕,年近不惑,始中进士。初任秘书省校书郎,又中博学宏辞,授汜水尉,因事贬岭南。开元末返长安,改授江宁丞。被谤谪龙标尉。安史乱起,为刺史闾丘所杀。其诗以七绝见长,尤以登第之前赴西北边塞所作边塞诗最著,有“诗家夫子王江宁”之誉。代表作:《出塞》《从军行》《芙蓉楼送辛渐》《长信宫词》
王之涣(688年—742年),是盛唐时期的著名诗人,字季凌,汉族,绛州(今山西新绛县)人。豪放不羁,常击剑悲歌,其诗多被当时乐工制曲歌唱。他尤善五言诗,以描写边塞风光为胜,是浪漫主义诗人,代表作是《登鹳雀楼》、《凉州词》。
三、边塞诗类型
(一)从戍边战士的角度,或写战争的惨烈,或写报国的豪情。以王昌龄的《从军行》为例:
青海长云暗雪山,孤城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲,不破楼兰终不还。
(二)从闺中主妇的角度,批判战争破坏了人民和平安宁的生活。以金昌绪的《春怨》为例:
打起黄莺儿,莫教枝上啼。啼时惊妾梦,不得到辽西。
(三)从旁观者的角度,控诉战争的罪恶。
高适在《燕歌行》里用对比的手法展示了这样一幅画面:
战士军前半死生,美人帐下犹歌舞。
(四)从将士的角度,写因长期戍边而产生的精神上的痛苦。王昌龄的《从军行》较为典型:
琵琶起舞换新声,总是关山旧别情。撩乱边愁听不尽,高高秋月照长城。
四、边塞诗代表作品及赏析
白雪歌送武判官归京
岑参
北风卷地白草折,胡天八月即飞雪。忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。散入珠帘湿罗幕,狐裘不暖锦衾薄。将军角弓不得控,都护铁衣冷难着。瀚海阑干百丈冰,愁云惨淡万里凝。中军置酒饮归客,胡琴琵琶与羌笛。纷纷暮雪下辕门,风掣红旗冻不翻。轮台东门送君去,去时雪满天山路。山回路转不见君,雪上空留马行处。
【译文】
北风席卷大地把白草吹折,胡地天气八月就纷扬落雪。忽然间宛如一夜春风吹来,好像是千树万树梨花盛开。雪花散入珠帘打湿了罗幕,狐裘穿不暖锦被也嫌单薄。将军都护手冻得拉不开弓,铁甲冰冷得让人难以穿着。沙漠结冰百丈纵横有裂纹,万里长空凝聚着惨淡愁云。主帅帐中摆酒为归客饯行,胡琴琵琶羌笛合奏来助兴。傍晚辕门前大雪落个不停,红旗冻僵了风也无法牵引。轮台东门外欢送你回京去,你去时大雪盖满了天山路。山路迂回曲折已看不见你,雪上只留下一行马蹄印迹。
【赏析】
《白雪歌送武判官归京》是岑参边塞诗的代表作,作于他第二次出塞阶段。此时,他很受安西节度使封常青的器重,他的大多数边塞诗成于这一时期。岑参在这首诗中,以诗人的敏锐观察力和浪漫奔放的笔调,描绘了祖国西北边塞的壮丽景色,以及边塞军营送别归京使臣的热烈场面,表现了诗人和边防将士的爱国热情,以及他们对战友的真挚感情。全诗以一天雪景的变化为线索,记叙送别归京使臣的过程,文思开阔,结构缜密。共分三个部分。
前八句为第一部分,描写早晨起来看到的奇丽雪景和感受到的突如其来的奇寒。友人即将登上归京之途,挂在枝头的积雪,在诗人的眼中变成一夜盛开的梨花,和美丽的春天一起到来。前面四句主要写景色的奇丽。“即”、“忽如”等词形象、准确地表现了早晨起来突然看到雪景时的神情。经过一夜,大地银装素裹,焕然一新。接着四句写雪后严寒。视线从帐外逐渐转入帐内。风停了,雪不大,因此飞雪仿佛在悠闲地飘散着,进入珠帘,打湿了军帐。诗人选取居住、睡眠、穿衣、拉弓等日常活动来表现寒冷,如同选取早晨观雪表现奇异一样是很恰当的。虽然天气寒冷,但将士却毫无怨言。而且“不得控”,天气寒冷也会训练,还在拉弓练兵。表面写寒冷,实际是用冷来反衬将士内心的热,更表现出将士们乐观的战斗情绪。
中间四句为第二部分,描绘白天雪景的雄伟壮阔和饯别宴会的盛况。“瀚海阑干百丈冰,愁云惨淡万里凝”,用浪漫夸张的手法,描绘雪中天地的整体形象,反衬下文的欢乐场面,体现将士们歌舞的积极意义。“中军置酒饮归客,胡琴琵琶与羌笛”,笔墨不多,却表现了送别的热烈与隆重。在主帅的中军摆开筵席,倾其所有地搬来各种乐器,且歌且舞,开怀畅饮,这宴会一直持续到暮色来临。第一部分内在的热情,在这里迸发倾泄出来,达到了欢乐的顶点。
最后六句为第三部分,写傍晚送别友人踏上归途。“纷纷暮雪下辕门,风掣红旗冻不翻”,归客在暮色中迎着纷飞的大雪步出帐幕,冻结在空中的鲜艳旗帜,在白雪中显得绚丽。旗帜 3 在寒风中毫不动摇、威武不屈的形象是将士的象征。这两句一动一静,一白一红,相互映衬,画面生动,色彩鲜明。“轮台东门送君去,去时雪满天山路”,虽然雪越下越大,送行的人千叮万嘱,不肯回去。“山回路转不见君,雪上空留马行处”,用平淡质朴的语言表现了将士们对战友的真挚感情,字字传神,含蓄隽永。这一部分描写了对友人惜别之情,也表现了边塞将士的豪迈精神。
这首诗,以奇丽多变的雪景,纵横矫健的笔力,开阖自如的结构,抑扬顿挫的韵律,准确、鲜明、生动地制造出奇中有丽、丽中奇的美好意境,不仅写得声色宜,张弛有致,而且刚柔相同,急缓相济,是一乎不可多得的边塞佳作。全诗不断变换着白雪画面,化景为情,慷慨悲壮,浑然雄劲。抒发了诗人对友人的依依惜别之情和因友人返京而产生的惆怅之情。
关山月 李白
明月出天山,苍茫云海间。长风几万里,吹度玉门关。汉下白登道,胡窥青海湾。由来征战地,不见有人还。戍客望边邑,思归多苦颜。高楼当此夜,叹息未应闲。
【赏析】
这首诗描绘了边塞的风光,戍卒的遭遇,更深一层转入戍卒与思妇两地相思的痛苦。开头的描绘都是为后面作渲染和铺垫,而侧重写望月引起的情思。诗人笔力浑宏,又有很大的提高。
诗的开头四句,主要写关、山、月三种因素在内的辽阔的边塞因素,从而表现出征人怀乡的情绪。中间四句,具体写到战争的景象,战场悲惨残酷,后四句写征人望边地而思念家乡,进而推想妻子月夜高楼叹息不止。这末四句与诗人《春思》中的“当君怀归日,是妾断肠时”同一笔调。而“由来征战地,不见有人还”又与王昌龄的“黄尘足今古,白骨乱蓬蓬”同步。
第二篇:边塞诗鉴赏知识和练习题
边塞诗鉴赏知识和练习题
一、边塞诗的概念:
指唐朝开元、天宝年间开始形成的一个以反映唐、宋年间边界战争生活为主要内容的诗词流派。
二、边塞诗的意象:
1、与战争有关的器物,如:旗、鼓、干、戈,号角、战车、辕门、烽火等。
2、与战争有关的地点和人、事、物,如:大漠、长城、黄沙、楼兰、阴山、瀚海、凉州、长城、受降城、玉门关,单于、吐谷浑,羌笛、胡笳、琵琶、芦管,《折杨柳》、《落梅花》、《关山月》等。
三、边塞诗常见的表现手法:
1、借景抒情:
例如 [王昌龄·从军行]大漠风尘日色昏,红旗半卷出辕门。前军夜战洮河北,已报生擒吐谷浑。
2、借事言志:
例如[李益·塞下曲]伏波惟愿裹尸还,定远何须生入关。莫遣只轮归海窟,仍留一箭定天山。
3、直抒胸臆:
例如[王昌龄·从军行]青海长云暗雪山,孤城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲,不破楼兰终不还。
4、用典、对比、虚实结合、反衬„„
四、边塞诗的思想感情:
1、有对建功立业的渴望和报效祖国的激情
[李白·塞下曲] 五月天山雪,无花只有寒,笛中闻折柳,春色未曾看。晓战随金鼓,宵眠抱玉鞍。愿将腰下剑,直为斩楼兰。
2、有抒写征士的乡愁和家中妻子的离愁别恨
[李益·夜上受降城闻笛]
回乐烽前沙似雪,受降城外月如霜。不知何处吹芦管,一夜征人尽望乡。
3、有表现塞外生活的艰辛和连年征战的残酷以及对帝王穷兵黩武的不满
[杜甫·兵车行]
君不见青海头,古来白骨无人收。新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭,天阴雨湿声啾啾。
4、描绘边塞雄奇壮丽的独特景观。
[王维《使至塞上》] 大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆。
五、边塞诗鉴赏训练:
1、塞下曲 戎昱
北风凋白草,胡马日骎骎。夜后戍楼月,秋来边将心。铁衣霜露重,战马岁年深。自有卢龙塞⑦,烟尘飞至今。
[注]①骎骎(qīnqīn):马跑得很快。②卢龙塞:古地名。
(1)请概括首联描写的“塞下”环境的特点,并分析其作用。(5分)(2)这首诗刻画了怎样的边将形象?寄寓了诗人怎样的感情?请简要分析。(5分)
2、陇西行 陈陶
誓扫匈奴不顾身,五千貂锦丧胡尘。可怜无定河边骨,犹是春闺梦里人。
⑴结合诗中词语,说明前两句描写一个怎样的场面?表达怎样的情感? ⑵诗的后两句历来为后人所称道,试对其精妙之处作简要分析。
3、从军行 李白
百战沙场碎铁衣,城南已合数重围。突营射杀呼延将,独领残兵千骑归。
⑴请分析诗中“碎”“独”的表达效果。
⑵这首诗在选材上有怎样的特点,请作简要的分析。
4、从军行 王昌龄
烽火城西百尺楼,黄昏独坐海风秋。更吹羌笛关山月,无那金闺万里愁。
⑴诗的前两句写了什么内容,设置了怎样的背景?
⑵这首诗表达了诗人怎样的感情?
5、塞上听吹笛 高适
雪净胡天牧马还,月明羌笛戍楼间。借问梅花何处落,春风一夜满关山。
从军北征 李益
天山雪后海风寒,横笛遍吹行路难。碛里征人三十万,一时回首月中看。
⑴这两首诗都描写“雪”“月”,在诗中分别起什么作用?请结合诗句简要分析。
⑵这两首诗是如何表现征人思乡之情的?请简要分析。
参考答案:
1.(1)特点:自然环境险恶(1分);军情紧急(1分)。作用:营造了萧杀的氛围(1分),渲染了边塞紧张的战争气氛(1分),为边将的出场勾勒背景(答“是为边将出场作铺垫”也可)(1分)。
(2)刻画了一个饱受戍边之苦、思乡之愁的边将形象(2分)。表达了对战争给边塞将士带来的苦难的同情(1分),对从古至今延绵不断的战争的厌倦(1分),寄寓了诗人渴望和平的美好愿望(1分)。
2.⑴“丧”描写出了战争的残酷,给人们带来的深重灾难,表现了诗人对战死者及其家人的无限同情。
⑵“可怜”句紧承上句,诗人似乎作为一个旁观者对牺牲的将军表示同情。但是,“犹是”一句宕开一笔另辟新境:在年轻的妻子的梦里,这些枯骨还是活生生的心上人,她们并不知道丈夫早已献身疆场,诗人采用虚实结合的手法,将现实与梦境构成鲜明的对比,具有巨大的艺术感染力。
3.⑴“碎”字足见将军征战时间之久,所历战斗之残酷;“独”字写出了将军力压敌人千军万马、勇武过人、顶天立地的英雄气概。
⑵选材上写了一次败仗而且是从败仗中写出豪气。首先 惊心动魄的突围战和“百战沙场碎铁衣”相对照,包将军渲染得格外威武壮烈。其次 用“城南已合数重围”来衬托将军,于重重包围之中,将军却能射杀敌将杀出重围写出了将军的豪迈气概。
4.⑴前两句交代时间、地点、季节、氛围。为主人公的抒情设置了一个苍凉荒远孤独寂寞的背景。
⑵作者巧妙的转换角度,借主人公设想万里之外的妻子对自己的思念来表达自己对妻子以及家庭的无限思念之情。
5.⑴高诗:描写冰雪消融,天空洒下明月的清辉,渲染出和平宁静的气氛。
李诗:描写雪后的天山,荒漠的月夜,渲染行军道路的艰难,使人倍感环境的荒凉、气氛的悲怆。⑵高诗“借问梅花河处落”是征人由听曲而想到了故乡的梅花,含有思乡之情。
李诗中“一时回首月中看”那一轮高挂在空中的明月,自然的勾起了征人的思乡之情。
第三篇:课外知识集锦
课外知识集锦
一、小说简介
《伊索寓言》:相传为公元前六世纪古希腊人被释奴隶伊索编,搜集有古希腊民间故事,并加入印度、阿拉伯及基督教故事,共三百五十余篇。是世界上最早的的寓言故事。
《一千零一夜》是阿拉伯民间故事集,又名《天方夜谭》。在古阿拉伯的海岛上,有一个萨桑王国,国王山鲁亚尔生性残暴嫉妒,因王后行为不端,将其杀死,此后每日娶一少女,翌日晨即杀掉,以示报复。宰相的女儿山鲁佐德为拯救无辜的女子,自愿嫁给国王,用讲述故事方法吸引国王,每夜讲到最精彩处,天刚好亮了,使国王爱不忍杀,允她下一夜继续讲。
《格林童话》产生于十九世纪初,是由德国著名语言学家,雅可布·格林和威廉·格林兄弟收集、整理、加工完成的德国民间文学。其中有《灰姑娘》、《受骗的青蛙》、《白雪公主》、《小红帽》、《睡美人》、《青蛙王子》、《渔夫和他的妻子》、《大拇指》等。
《三毛流浪记》讲述了孤儿三毛的辛酸遭遇。在解放前的上海,三毛是旧上海的一名流浪儿童,他没有家,没有亲人,无家可归,衣食无着。吃贴广告用的浆糊,睡在垃圾车里,冬天就以破麻袋披在身上御寒。为了生存,他卖过报,拾过烟头,帮别人推黄包车,但总是受人欺侮,但他挣到的钱连吃顿饱饭都不够。只有与他命运相同的流浪儿关心他,给他温暖。
《稻草人》是新中国
毯子把木民家的房子裹了个严实。于是,木民家没门没窗,只是密密一大片野草野花。这些绿色的藤条还会开玩笑,把木民头上的帽子给卷起来,举到高处„„
《福尔摩斯探案全集》[是一个由19世纪末的英国侦探小说家柯南·道尔所塑造的一个才华横溢的虚构侦探。福尔摩斯善于通过观察与演绎法和司法科学来解决问题。他的伙伴叫华生。
《木偶奇遇记》是科洛迪的代表作,发表于1880年。它叙述老人皮帕诺把一块能哭会笑的木头雕成木偶,并把取得生命的小木偶当成儿子。老人卖掉上衣,供儿子上学。可是小木偶一心贪玩,为了看戏不惜卖掉课本。在木偶戏班获得好心老板的五枚金币,回家路上受狐狸和猫的欺骗,金币被抢走。进了监狱......出狱后,又因贪吃他人的葡萄又被捕兽器夹住,被迫当了看家狗。在坏同学的怂恿下又逃学到海边看鲨鱼,后又被引诱到玩儿国,在疯狂的玩了五个月之后,变成一头又懒又蠢的驴。后来还是仙女搭救了他。最后,他们父子在鲨鱼腹中意外重逢,并设法逃了出来,在海边住下,并变成一个真正的小孩子。
《皮皮鲁记》以皮皮鲁形象为线索,串联了郑渊洁童话中其他最受渎者欢迎的精彩故事,堪称“郑渊洁童话观止”。本书同时收录《睡眠冲击波》、《飞马牌汽车》和《PC跨国婚姻》等精彩故事。
《爱的教育》作者:德国·亚米契斯,著名儿童小说家这是一本日记体的小说,以一个意大利小学四年级男孩安利柯的眼光,讲述了从四年级10月份开学的
小王子遇到一只小狐狸,小王子驯服了小狐狸,和他交上了朋友。接着,他遇到了一个飞行员。国王是小王子在离开自己的星球后拜访的
6、企鹅是南极还是北极的特有动物?(南极)
7、香港是在什么时候重回祖国怀抱的?(1997年7月1日)
8、地球上有四大洋,位于地球最北部的是什么大洋?(北冰洋)
9、清朝道光年间,在虎门销禁鸦片的民族英雄是谁?(林则徐)
10、“出污泥而不染”说的是哪种植物?(莲花或荷花)
11、我国历史上“代父从军”这个故事的主人公是谁?(花木兰)
12、被称为“中国改革开放总设计师”的领导人是哪一位?(邓小平)
13、我国古代文化中的“五行”是指什么?(金木水火土)
14、离地球最近的一颗恒星是哪一颗?(太阳)
15、“春蚕到死丝方尽”,蚕会吐丝作茧,它是以什么树的叶子为食物的?(桑树)
16、端午节赛龙舟、吃粽子是为了纪念我国古代哪一位爱国诗人?(屈原)
17、人体有多少块骨骼?(206块)
18、青蛙是爬行动物吗?(不是,是两栖动物)
19、绿色植物吸收阳光能量、制造氧气的过程叫什么(光合作用)20、在我国一年四季中,哪一天的白天最短?(冬至)
21、我们经常在商品包装上看到的一些黑白间隔的直条,这是什么?(条形码)
22、文房四宝指的是哪四件东西?(笔墨纸砚)
23、中国在南极设立的
第四篇:课外知识
1.Being deeply loved by someone gives you strenghth, loving someone deeply give you courage.被爱给你力量,爱人给你勇气。
2.The best and most beautiful things in the world can not be seen or even touched.they must be feel with heart.世上最美好最漂亮的东西是看不见的,也摸不着的。它们必须用心去感应。
3.No matter how far we are ,my thought always find their way back to you.missing you.无论我们相距多远,我的思念总在你的身边。想你!
4.The hardest part is being away from you …the best part will be when we are together again.Missing you with all my heart.最难莫过离你而去。。最好莫过重新欢聚。全新想你。
5.I never consider ease and joyfulness as the purpose of life itself.我从来不认为安逸和享乐是人生本来的目的。
6.Don’t ever forget.you are love very ,very much。
千万不要忘记你拥有无尽的爱。
7.I am not afraid of tomorrow for I have seen yesterday and love today.我不害怕明天,因为我经历过昨天,又热爱今天。
8.the value of life lies not length of days, but in the use of we make of them.生命的价值不在于能活多少天,而在于我们如何利用这些日子。
9.Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount.勇气是其他美德攀登的梯子。
10.Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness.与其咒骂黑暗,不如燃起蜡烛。
11.You don’t love a girl beautiful, but she is beautiful because you love her.你不是因为她的美丽而爱她,而她却因为你的爱而美丽。
12.Love alone could waken love.只有爱才能唤醒爱。
13.I’ll never forget the time we share together.我永远也不会忘记我们在一起的日子。
高频词汇短语搭配
The rapid development of economy 经济的快速发展
The remarkable improvement/steady growth of people’ living standard 人民生活水平的显著提高、稳步增长
Advanced science and technology 先进的科学技术
Be faced with new opportunities and challenges 面临新的机遇和挑战
It is commonly believed/recognized that 人们普遍认为
The inevitable result of social development 社会发展的必然结果
Arouse wide public concern/draw public attention 引起了广泛的公众关注 It is undeniable that/there is no denying that… 不可否认
A hearted discussion/debate 热烈的讨论/争议
A controversial issue 有争议性的问题
A totally different argument 完全不同的观点
…Some people… while others… 一些人。。而另外一些人。。
As far as I am concerned/personally.就我而言:就个人而言
Reach an absolute consensus on … 就。。达到绝对的一致
Be supported by sound reasons.有充分的理由支持
Argument on both sides 双方的论点
Play an increasingly important role in…发挥着日益重要的作用
Be indispensible to…对。。必不可少
As the proverb gorse: 正如谚语所说
Be no exception …也不例外…
上帝造宇宙之乐
建造这universe(宇宙)
星星是deverse(多种多样的)
轻吟着verse(诗句)
把星球reverse(倒转)
名言
Love is the beginning of knowledge as fire is of light.知识总是从爱好开始,犹如光从火开始一样。
—Thomas Carlyle(英国历史学家卡莱尔)
People need to know one anther to be at their honest best.人们需要互相了解才能到达最诚实的境界。
—Robbins staca(英国作家斯达卡)
Admonish your friends privately, but praise them openly.要私下告诫朋友,但是要公开夸奖朋友。
—publius syrups(叙利亚作家西拉丁)
All happy families are like one anther;each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.所有幸福的家庭都相似,而每个不幸的家庭各不相同。
——Leo Tolstoy(俄国文学家托尔斯泰)
Friendship is both a source of pleasure and a component of good health.友谊既是快乐之源泉,又是健康之要素。
Ralph waldo Emerson(美国思想家爱默生)
A man is called selfish, not pursuing his own good, but neglecting his neighbor’s.追求自身的利益不是自私;只有忽视他人的利益,才是自私。
——Richard whatly(美国牧师惠特利)
One thorn of experience is worth a whole wilderness of warning.一次痛苦的经历抵得上千百次的告诫。
——Jaime’s Russell Lowell(英国诗人洛威尔)
Throughout life, we rely on small groups of people for love,admiration,respect,moral support and help.整个一生我们都有赖于从一些人群中获得友爱、赏识、尊重道义支持和帮助。——Ralph waldo Emerson(美国思想家爱默生)
He that will not allow his friend to share the prize must not expect him to share the danger.不想让朋友共享果实的人,不要指望朋友与他共患难。
——Aesop(古希腊寓言作家伊索)
No man is the whole of himself;his friends are the rest of him.任何人自己都不是完整的,他的朋友都是他其余的部分。
——harry Emerson Fosdick(美国牧师福斯迪克)
Treat other people as you hope they will treat you.你希望别人如何对待你,你就如何对待人。
——Aesop(古希腊寓言家伊索)
Experience more than sufficiently teaches that men govern nothing with more difficult than their tongues.经验给了我们太多的教训,告诉我们人类最难管制的东西,莫过于自己的舌头。——Benedict de Spinoza(荷兰哲学家斯宾诺沙)
The greatest lesson in life is to know that even fools are right sometimes.人生最大的教训是要知道即使傻瓜有时候也是对的。
——Winston Churchill(英国政治家丘吉尔)
The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse.权力越大,滥用职权的危险就越大。
——burke Edmund(英国政治家埃德蒙)
If you fight for yourself, only you can win;when you fight for your marriage ,you both win.如果你只为自己奋斗,只有你一个人是赢家;若为婚姻奋斗,夫妻两人都是赢家。——Pearsall Paul(美国哲学家保罗)
When you want knowledge like you want air under water then you will get it.当你需要知识就像你在水底需要空气时,你准能得到它。
——Socrates(古希腊哲学家苏格拉底)
Behavior is a mirror in which every one shows his image.行为是一面镜子,每个人都把自己的形象都显现其中。
——Johann Wolfgang von Goethe(德国诗人歌德)
There is something that much more scarce, something rarer than ability to recognize.有的东西比才能稀罕得多,珍贵得多,这就是识别能力。
——Robert half(英国作家哈夫)
The more we do, the more we can do;the busier we are, the more leisure we have.事越做越能,人越忙越有空。
——William Hazlitt(英国评论家哈滋里特)
A men like a watch, is to be valued by this manner of going.一个人,正如一个时钟,是以他的行动来定其价值的。
——William penny(英国海军上将佩恩)
The tragedy of the world is that those who Carrere imaginative has but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination.世界的悲剧就在于有想象力的人缺乏经验,而有经验的人缺乏想象力。——Alfred north whitehead(英国哲学家怀特海)
The way to win an atomic war is to make certain it never starts.赢得核战争的方法是确保它永远不会发生。
——Bradley Omar(美国上将奥马尔)
Experience is what you get when you don’t get what you what.经验是当你没得到想得到之物时所得到的东西。
——Dan Stan fort(美国实业家斯坦福)
To make a lasting marriage we have to overcome self—centeredness.要使婚姻长久,就需克服自我中心意识。
——George Gordon Byron(英国诗人拜伦)
All I am, or can be, I owe to my angel mother.我之所有,我之所能,都归功于我天使般的母亲。
——Abraham Lincoln(美国总统林肯)
Experience without learning is better than learning without experience.有经验的无学问胜于有学问而没经验。
——Bertrand Russell(英国哲学家罗素)
Experience keeps a dear school, yet fools will learn in no other.经验始终是收费高的学校,然而,笨汉非进此学校不可。
——Benjamin Franklin(美国总统富兰克林)
Follow you own course, and let people talk.走自己的路让人家去说吧。
——Alighieri Dante(意大利诗人但丁)
If you would have a thing well done, you must do it yourself.如果要将事情做好就得亲自动手。
——Henry wads worth Longfellow(美国诗人朗费罗)
Nothing is more terrible than ignorance in action.最可怕的事莫过于行动中的无知。
——deliveries Erasmus(荷兰人文主义者伊拉莫斯)
Our deeds determine us, much as we determine our deeds.什么样的人便决定了干什么样的事;同样,干什么样的事也决定了是什么样的人。——George Eliot(英国小说家艾略特)
When a man is wrapped up in himself he makes a pretty little package.一个只顾自己的人不足以成大器。
——john Ruskin(英国作家罗斯金)
第五篇:五下第一单元课外成语故事扩展
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a beauty in the State of Yue called Xishi.She often suffered from pains in her chest, and so she would often walk around doubled over and with her brows knitted.There was an ugly girl in the village called Dongshi who envied Xishi.Striving to emulate Xishi, she imitated her stoop, knitting her brows at the same time.She thought that this made her elegant, but in fact, it only made her more ugly.Later, this idiom came to be used to indicate improper imitation that produces the reverse effect.The tiger and the fox A tiger caught a fox in a forest, and was just about to eat it, when the fox said, 'You mustn't eat me.I was sent by Heaven to rule the animals.By eating me, you will violate the command of Heaven.If you don't believe me, just follow me to see whether the animals are afraid of me.The tiger agreed, and followed the fox as it walked around the forest.The animals all ran away when seeing them.The tiger thought they were afraid of the fox, so he let it go.He didn't realize that it was him that the beasts were really afraid of.This idiom means relyi ng on another's power to bully(欺负)or frighten others.The Tiger and the fox
One day, the tiger and the fox are talking.The fox says, ‘Do you believe that all the animals in the forest are scared of me not you?’ The tiger doesn’t believe and follows the fox to the forest.All the animals are very frightened when they see the tiger and ran away.The tiger is shocked and thinks that the animals are scared of the fox.The fox is very complacent because in fact it depends on the terror of the tiger to frighten the animals.This story tells us that don’t bully people by flaunting others’ powerful connections.Belling the cat Long long ago, there was a big cat in the house.He caught many mice while they were stealing food.One day the mice had a meeting to talk about the way to deal with their common enemy.Some said this, and some said that.At last a young mouse got up, and said that he had a good idea.“We could tie a bell around the neck of the cat.Then when he comes near, we can hear the sound of the bell, and run away.”Everyone approved of this proposal, but an old wise mouse got up and said, “That is all very well, but who will tie the bell to the cat?” The mice looked at each other, but nobody spoke.One morning a countryman went to his goose‘s nest, and saw a yellow and glittering egg there.He took the egg home.To his delight, he found that it was an egg of pure gold.Every morning the same thing occurred, and he soon became rich by selling his eggs.The countryman became more and more greedy.He wanted to get all the gold at once, so he killed the goose, when he looked inside, he found nothing in its body.The young thief and his mother
A young man was caught stealing, and sentenced to death three days later.He wanted to speak with his mother before the execution.Of course this was granted.When his mother came to him, he said, “I want to tell you something.” He said something but she could not hear.He whispered again, and when she came close to him, she put her ear to his mouth.He nearly bit off her ear.All the bystanders were horrified.“It is to punish her,” he said.“When I was young I began stealing little things, and brought them home to mother.”Instead of punishing me, she laughed and said, ‘It will not be noticed.‘ It is because of her that I am here today.“
The miser and his gold Once upon a time there was a miser.He hid his gold under a tree.Every week he used to dig it up.One night a robber stole all the gold.When the miser came again, he found nothing but an empty hole.He was surprised, and then burst into tears.All the neighbors gathered around him.He told them how he used to come and visit his gold.”Did you ever take any of it out?“ asked one of them.”No,“ he said, ”I only came to look at it.“ ”Then come again and look at the hole,“ said the neighbor, ”it will be the same as looking at the gold.“
The eagle and the arrow
An eagle was flying in the sky.As soon as it saw a rabbit, it swooped down on its prey.Suddenly it was hit by an arrow.It fluttered slowly down to the earth, and blood was pouring from the wound.When the eagle looked down, he found that the shaft of the arrow was feathered with one of its own plumes.It cried.“We often give our enemies the means for our own destruction.”
The fox and the lion When the fox first saw the lion he was terribly frightened.He ran away, and hid himself in the woods.The second time, however, he came near the lion.He stopped at a safe distance, and watched him passing by.The third time they came near one another.The fox went straight up to the lion, and stayed the whole day with him.He asked the lion how his family was, and when they would meet again.They soon became good friends.Little Red Riding Hood Long long ago, there was a girl called Little Red Riding Hood.Because she was always in a red hat which her grandma sent to her.One day, her mother asked her to go to her grandma's home to send some food for her grandma.Because grandma was ill.So she started.She was very happy.At that time, a wolf came out and said” What are you going to do ?Little girl?“"I'm going to see my grandma, she's ill.”“What's that in your basket?”“They are button, bread, drink and some other food!”Then the wolf said“ Do you like flowers,? there are many flowers over there!”
Get on a gravy train 守株待兔
Once upon a time, there was a farmer.One day, while he was working in the fields, he saw a hare running into a tree stump accidentally and died of a broken neck.The farmer took the hare home and cooked a delicious meal for himself.That night he thought: “I needn't work so hard.All I have to do is wait every day by the stump to pick up the hare that runs into it.” So from then on, he gave up farming, and stood by the tree stump waiting for the hare to come and run into it.But from then on, he never saw another hare run into the tree stump.The clever cock One morning a fox saw a cock.He thought, “This is my breakfast.'' He came up to the cock and said, ”I know you can sing very well.Can you sing for me?'' The cock was glad.He closes his eyes and began to sing.The fox saw that and caught him in his mouth and carried him away.The people in the field saw the fox.They cried, “Look, look!The fox is carrying the cock away.'' The cock said to the fox, ”Mr Fox, do you understand? The people say you are carrying their cock away.Tell them it is yours.Not theirs.'' The fox opened his mouth and said, "The cock is mine, not yours.'' Just then the cock ran away from the fox and fled into the tree.