高考英语阅读理解推理题老师

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第一篇:高考英语阅读理解推理题老师

高考英语阅读理解:5种判断推理题详尽解法

【命题特点】

这类题属于主观题,是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。【常见考法】

在解答推理判断题时应注意:

提问中的常见单词:

infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean,describe, purpose 提问中常含有表示推测的情态动词:

can, could, might, would 提问中常含有表示可能性的副词或词组:

probably, most likely

推理题经常使用的提问方式:

推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式:

1)The purpose in writing this text is to __________.2)The author writes this passage to __________.3)The author in this passage intends to __________.推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式:

1)It can be inferred from the passage that __________.2)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? 3)From the passage we can conclude that __________.推断文章出处的设题形式:

1)The passage is most likely to be taken from_________.2)Where would this passage most probably appear? 3)The passage is most likely a part of_________.解题思路

判定推理是一种创造性的思维活动,但它并非无章可循。

推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,把握文章的真正内涵。

①要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础;②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从非凡到一般,通过分析、综合、判定等,进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事,断章取义,以偏概全。

③要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知。立足现在,猜测未来。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。

猜测词义题

根据生活常识猜测词义

A Children are always boasting.They say things like “My Dad„s car is bigger than your Dad‟s,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _____

A.骄傲

B.吹牛

C.顽皮

D.幼稚

B Many plants and animals are going extinct.Mammoths,which are related(有关联的)with Asia elephants,are now extinct.There are no mammoths in the world today.1.A mammoth is a kind of ____.A.plant B.bird

C.animal

D.tree 2.The word extinct means ____.A.出现

B.危险

C.灭绝

D.幸存

C

Annealing

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping(浸)it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily.Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily.It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it.The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time.The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes.Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.(1990NMET)①Why do people put hot metal in water? A.To make it hard.B.To make it soft.C.To make it cool.D.To make it brittle.[分析]答案为A,此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热,然后迅速放到水里冷却,也就会变得非常硬,但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果,故选A而不选D。B项明显错

误;C项是手段不是目的,因此,都可排除。

②In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.A.the quantity of water used

B.the temperature of the metal C.the softness of the metal

D.the timing of the operation [分析]答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句,“The metal is heated,…length of time.”, “The longer…the softer it becomes.” cool 的时间是可以控制的,时间越长越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论:在退火过程中,金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。

③As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A.It can be heated and then cooled quickly.B.It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C.It can be heated and then cooled slowly.D.It can be cooled and then heated quickly.[分析]答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到“metal”。最后一句说退火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知“annealing”就是先“heat”后“cool slowly”。由此推断C是正确的。

一、细节推断题

要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。

D

A visitor visits an island where two tribes live.One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies.The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side.The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question.He asks the native, “Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, “He said he lives on the western side of the island.”

Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?

1.According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________

A.The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.

B.the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.C.it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D.the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.2.The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island.According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?

A.He may live on the eastern side of the island.

B.He may live on the western side of the island.

C.He may be telling the truth. D.He can't be telling the truth.解析: 第1题是推测有关信使(近处的当地人)的情况的。我们知道,讲真话的部落住在岛的西部,撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边(东部还是西部)。远方的当地人只能有两种情况,要么住在岛的西部,要么住在岛的东部。假如他住在岛的西部,他就是一个讲真话的人,他就会如实回答他住在西部。假如他住在岛的东部,他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部,但在回答时,必须要说谎,他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部,他的回答只有一个:“我住在西部”。假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部,信使无疑是说了真话,那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之,假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部,那么信使就说了假话,信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。

第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看,我们无法判定远方的当地是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部,两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要留意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”;B.“他可能住在岛的东部”;C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”,语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。

二、因果推断题

要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。

E

When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy.She was at least fifteen years younger than I.One day she signed me to come near.When I walked over, she asked, “Are you single?“ “Why, yes.” I answered, smiling at her happily.

“So is my mother.“ she said, “Would you like to meet her?”

1.The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.A.she was young B.it a pleasure to make friends with her

C.she was beautiful.D.it strange for her to fall in love with him 2.The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.

A.she lived near his house

B.he often went to visit her mother

C.she wanted to be friendly with him

D.she loved him very much

解析: 这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员天天向作者示好,作者产生误解,以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊,作者认为女孩爱上他有点希奇。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身,并提到她母亲也是单身,并邀请他与她母亲见面,可见,女孩天天向他问好,目的是想取得他的好感,进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。

F

Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn.The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper.“You, have served me well, innkeeper, “said Napoleon.“I wish to reward you.Tell me what you want.“ “Sir, we want nothing, “said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something?” “What is it?“ Napoleon asked.

“We have heard a story.” said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians.You happened to be in the village.You hid while they looked for you.Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?“ Napoleon looked very angry.He called in two of his soldiers.Then he pointed to the door.The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.

At the end of the yard was a wall.The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall.The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife.Napoleon watched, saying nothing.

“Please, sir.” begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us!we meant nothing!“ The soldiers moved back.The innkeeper saw them raising their guns.Then Napoleon called: “Ready!Aim!” The wife screamed.“Stop!“ said Napoleon.He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?” 

1.Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for?

A.He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people.B.He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated.

C.He showed his sympathy(同情)to Napoleon in time of danger.

D.He was interested in other's failure, especially Napoleon's.2.Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple?

A.Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.B.Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.

C.Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.D.Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.解析:

1.此题为因果推断题。根据“Sir, we want nothing, “ said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something?” 可以看出来,这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。他想知道作为将军的拿破仑与普通人到底有什么区别。故答案为A。

2.因果推断题。从最后一句话“Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?“ 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板,他这样做的目的是想让他体验一下 他当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与普通人没有什么两样。故答案为D。

三、人物性格、态度及观点判定题

高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要留意:

1)由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。

2)特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言,以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。

3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。

G A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right,” said the old man.“Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world.They 're all dead.“

“Well sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.“

The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't.You look fit and healthy to me!”

1.What kind of man would you say the old man was?

A.He was silly.B.He was unpleasant.

C.He was very proud and sure of his health.D.He was very impolite to young people.

解析: 记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人,希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话(我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我?你似乎还很健康呀!)表现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为C。

H

Three men were discussing how to donate(捐献)money to God.At first they couldn't agree with each other, then they each told his own idea.

The first man said: “Let's draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground.The money out of the circle belongs to God.“

The second man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts.”

The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours.Let's throw coins into the sky.The coins that God accepts belong to him.So God can accept as much money as he can.“

At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily. 1.According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion:

A.All the three men were kindhearted.

B.The third man is more generous than the other two.

C.None of them believed in God.

D.Three men are all stingy(吝啬)people.解析:从三人提的建议看,他们三人都不乐意给上帝捐钱,三人都是吝啬的人,故选D。

四、猜测想象推理题

有些内容文章中没有明确说明,要求考生根据语篇,对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及 5 的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写,也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述),从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。

I There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times.To his surprise, he was not hurt.He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the garage(汽车修理厂)for help.The door was opened by one of his patients.

“Oh, Doctor.” she said, “I have only just telephoned you.You must have a very fast car.You have got here very quickly indeed.There has been a very bad accident in the road outside.I saw it through the window.I am sure the driver will need your help“.

1.Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?

A.“Yes, he does need help — your help, not mine.”

B.“Another accident? I've just had an accident myself?“

C.“I got your call and rushed over.I hope I'm not too late.”

D.“I didn't get your call.But I'm here and hope I can help“.解析: 出事故的车恰恰是医生的车,当他听他的病人说出事司机需要帮助时,他会不失幽默地说:“是的,他需要帮助,是你的帮助,而不是我的帮助”。——他要借用病人家的电话给修车厂打电话。答案是A。

五、写作意图推测题

此题型要求考生根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象,客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。

J

Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart.Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holidaymakers and other tourists(观光者).Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon.The next day, this news appeared on page two of the town's newspaper.The Beldon Post: FIRE AT SEABREEZE

Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom.The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire.We say again to all our visitors: “Please don't smoke cigarettes in bed.”This was Beldon's first hotel fire for five years.

The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one:

ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE

Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel.An angry holidaymaker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire.The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels.When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.“We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.

What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident.There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact.Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.

Now what do you think of the rest of the “news” ?

1.The Canfield Times used the headline(标题)like this in order to make its readers think-_.

A.hotels in Beldon often catch fire

B.hotels in Beldon don't often catch fire

C.this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel

D.Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe

解析: 答案为 A。作者意图推断题。本文通过两个对手城市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道,对新闻报道的真实性提出了怀疑。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是个要害词,暗示了Beldon的宾馆火灾频繁。

第二篇:浅谈高考英语阅读理解解题技巧

浅谈高考英语阅读理解解题技巧

摘要:为了满足社会的发展需要以及学生的兴趣与爱好,为了能直接地、迅速地了解世界科技发展的最新动态,更为了学生在高考中取得优异的成绩,学生必须具备良好的阅读能力。因此,高中英语阅读教学是高中英语教学中极为重要的部分,这就要求教师在教学中必须注意培养学生英语阅读理解能力。

关键词:阅读能力

英语阅读教学

阅读理解能力

解题技巧

阅读理解能力是衡量一个人英语水平的重要因素之一。随着社会的发展和中学英语教学改革的大力推进,我们应当进一步加强对中学生阅读理解能力的培养,扩充他们对词汇量的掌握,并使他们了解相关的文化背景,从而达到提高阅读速度的目的。做好阅读理解题也是学生在高考英语科目中取得高分的关键。

一、阅读中的具体步骤

具体从四个步骤来展开:第一步:通读全文,把握文章大意 拿到阅读篇章,我们必须做到抓关键词,首先句子的主干部分是阅读重点,即主语和谓语动词,对于修饰性的部分,如定语和状语则可根据题目的需要决定详略。留心主题句:如果只顾逐词逐句阅读,往往读完全文却很茫然,词都认识,就是不知道文章讲什么。而文章段落的主题句则可以帮助我们将中心思想和作者意图勾勒出来。第二步:细读题干,查寻转换内容,把握文章大意后,必须把注意力集中到文章题目上来,对于题干内容,必须要提炼出最能够说明问题的词、词组或者句型,然后再在这个基础上从文章中找出同义词、词组或者句型,这一遍带着目的读文章必须是字斟句酌、非常仔细。第三步:扫读语块,搜索有效信息 刚才我们已经在文章中找到了与题干吻合的单词、词组或者句型,在这个吻合单词、词组或者句型周围扫描,力争找到能够说明问题,帮助选择正确答案的信息。第四步:查读题项,定位正确答案。在第三步搜索到有效信息的基础上,进入了最后的攻坚阶段,找出正确答案的阶段。

二、常用的解题技巧有以下几种

(一)正选法与排除法

正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难,考生则可以考虑选用排除法,即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项,那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。

(二)定位法与跳读法

定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子,然后进行比较和分析,从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文,并找到相关的句子或段落,然后进行分析和推理等,从而找出正确答案。

(三)概括法与推理法

概括法指根据所读材料概括文章主题、要点、标题和中心思想等;而推理法则指根据所读材料的字面意思,通过语篇的逻辑关系以及各个细节的信息和暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意,悟出作者的言外之意和弦外之音。

三、备考建议

(一)理解与速度

考生要处理好理解与速度的关系。答题时要力求情绪平稳,不要一味追求速度而影响理解的准确性,比较好的阅读方法是边看边想边理解。遇到生词或看不懂的地方先做个记号,继续看下去,因为一些疑难点往往会在下文中得到解决。

(二)阅读训练方式

在训练方式方面要力求多样化。常见的阅读训练方式有:掠读、寻读、精读和泛读等。在掠读、寻读时要掌握查阅的技巧。查阅时考生应迅速找到某一特定信息在短文中的位置,并以这个位置为中心,扩展到上文和下文,寻求正确答案。

(三)生词处理

考生在阅读时一定会碰上生词或记不清楚的词汇。遇到这种情况时,考生可以通过上下代猜测词义。具体方法如下:(1)根据生词前后词汇的意思或整个句子的意思来猜测生词。(2)根据语法知识和标点符号来猜测生词。例如:They will be on the night shift,from midnight

to 6 a?m。next week。此句两个破折号之间的部分表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。(3)根据说明词义的定语从句来猜测生词。例如:The type of meter is called multi-meter,which is used to measure electricity。从上句中的定语从句可以推断出multi-meter是“万能表”的意思。(4)运用构词法判断生词的词义,也是提高阅读速度的一种技巧。考生可以通过已知的词缀和词根就能猜测生词的含义,为了熟练使用构词法知识猜测生词,考生在平时应多积累词缀以及词根方面的知识。

(四)利用信号词进行预测和推测

在阅读过程中,为了既迅速又准确地理解文章的含义,利用信号词预测非常重要。信号词可以揭示句子内在关系或文章各部分之间的关系。特别是在快速阅读时,它能帮助考生预测文章信息,提高阅读速度。

总之,阅读理解题是考查学生英语阅读理解能力以及通过对文章的阅读获得有用信息并进行处理的能力,而良好的阅读理解有赖于学生英语的实际水平,为达到此目的,词汇、语法和阅读方面的积累非常重要。其中,阅读技巧的掌握不仅有助于提高阅读速度,而且有助于提高阅读理解的程度。高考英语的成败与阅读理解题做得好坏与否有着直接的联系。因此,解好英语阅读理解题至关重要,针对这一现状,如何培养学生的阅读理解能力,在教学中探讨解决提高学生阅读理解能力的方法与解题技巧势在必行。

第三篇:60个高考英语阅读理解高频词汇

外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

60个阅读高频词汇

admit to 许可,允许

appear to 似乎,好像

apply sth to sth 把…适用于…

ask for 要求

assure sb of sth 使某人确信某事 ensure sb to do sth 保证某人做某事

attach importance to = pay/ call attention to 关注,重视

be based on 以…为基础

be bound to 肯定,一定

when it comes to 当谈论到…,涉及到…

be concerned with 担心,忧虑

contribute to 促成,造就

be content with 对…满意

cut back 消减

be convinced of/that 相信,认为

cope with=deal with处理,克服

daily routine 日常生活

devote to 投身于,致力于

have difficulty in doing sth 做….有困难

end up sth with sth 用…结束…

be engaged in 参与,从事

elementary school 小学

be equal to 等同于,相当于

expose to 暴露,接触

to some /a extent 从某种角度

far from 一点也不,根本不

fail to 没能做成…

at fault 有责任,有错误

federal authority 联邦政府

be filled with 充满

have to 必须得

homeland security 国土安全

be involved in 参与,从事

be judged on 按…评判,判断

lay stress on = focus on 强调,重视

meet one’s needs/standards 满足需要,符合标准

not…..but…..不是,而是

oil drilling= oil tapping= oil exploitation 开采石油

owing to/ due to / because of / thanks to 幸亏,由于,因为

oppose to 反对

make a point of 重视

pay increases 加薪

persuade sb to do sth 劝说

pick up 捡起,接送,学习

there is no question that 毫无疑问

range from …to…范围从…到…

resort to 采取…方法,手段

be responsible for 对…负责 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

have roots in根源于,原因

in the long run 从长远角度看

see/view/regard/consider as 把…当作,看做…

share one’s opinion 同意...的观点

have something to do with 和…有关 have nothing to do with 和…无关

social ties 社会联系

stop/prevent/keep sb from doing sth 阻止…..做…..strive to do 设法,努力

tend to 常常

in terms of 有关于,涉及到…

volunteer to do sth 主动,志愿

in the wake of sth …之后 1.Burn one’s bridges。破釜沉舟。背水一战

2.Great minds think alike。英雄所见略同

3.No news is good news。没有消息就是好消息

4.One picture is worth a thousand words。(One eyewitness is better than ten hearsays。)百闻不如一见

5.Nothing ventured, nothing gained。(Nothing brave, nothing have。)不入虎穴,焉得虎子

6.Life is full of ups and downs。生活充满起伏

7.It’s no use crying over spilt milk。覆水难收

8.Hunger is the best sauce。饥饿是最好的调味品 9.Better late than never。迟做总比不做好。

10.God helps those who help themselves。天助自助者。

11.Love me, love my dog。爱屋及乌

12.Don’t count your chickens before they hatch。小鸡孵出之后才算数

13.He bites off than her can chew。(The eye is bigger than the belly。)贪多嚼不烂

14.Everyone has a skeleton in his closet。人人都有不可告人之事

15.To teach a fish how to swim。班门弄斧。

16.Rome wasn’t built in a day。伟业非一日建成

17.Well begun, half done。外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

好的开始,成功了一半

18.Every cloud has a silver lining。乌云背后是银边

19.Look before you leap。三思而后行

20.Birds of a feather flock together。物以类聚

21.A little knowledge is dangerous。一知半解最危险

22.Clothes make the man。人要衣装。佛要金装

23.A good medicine tastes bitter。良药苦口。

24.History repeats itself。历史会重演

25.strike while the iron is hot。趁热打铁

26.as poor as a church mouse。穷得一文不名

27.Where there’s smoke, there’s fire。无风不起浪。事出必有因

28.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step。千里之行始于足下

29.A rolling stone gathers no moss。滚石不生苔。转业不聚财

30.Many hands make light work。人多好做事。

31.A miss is as good as a mile。失之毫厘,差之千里。

32.A friend in need is a friend indeed。患难见真情。

33.A bad beginning makes a bad ending。不善始者不善终。

34.A young idler, an old beggar。少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。35.Do as the Romans do。入乡随俗。

36.Many things grow in the garden that were never sown there。有心栽花花不发,无心插柳柳成荫。37.Misfortunes never come alone。祸不单行。

38.Never too old to learn, never too late to turn。亡羊补牢,为时未晚。

39.No one can call back yesterday。昨日不会重现。

40.No sweet without sweat。先苦后甜。

1.学校场景的背景基本知识 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

学生场景

freshman 大一学生

sophomore 大学二年级生, 有二年经验的 junior student 大三学生

senior student 大四学生,高年级学生 undergraduate student 本科生

graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生 master's degree 硕士学位 bachelor's degree 学士学位

doctor student / doctor博士研究生 post doctor student 博士后 alumni / alumnus 校友

老师场景

professor 教授

teaching fellow 讲师

tutor / mentor / director / super visor 导师 dean 系主任 department 系 president 校长

staff 全体员工(商店、企业)faculty 全体教职员工

2.上课、选课、听讲座、听报告场景 take the course 选课 drop the course 退课 register 注册

sign up for the course 选课 Pick up = learn cancel 取消 full 报满

selective course / elective course / optional course 选修课 requirement / required course / compulsory 必修课 lecture 讲座 seminar 讨论班 credit 学分

introductory course 初级课程 advanced course 高级课程 math 数学

computer course 计算机 psychology course 心理学 physics 物理学 economics 经济学

computer science 计算机科学 sociology 社会学 geology 地质学 chemistry 化学 biology 生物学

biochemistry 生物化学 science 理科 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

3.作业场景

homework / assignment / project book report 读书报告 presentation 课堂发言 reading list 书单

turn in / hand in hand 上交 deadline 最后期限 due 到期

extension 延期

paper 论文 / essay 小论文 term paper 学期报告 thesis 毕业论文 proposal 开题报告 4.考试场景 Exam mid-term exam 期中考试 final exam 期末考试 quiz 测验

pop quiz 不提前通知的考试 grade / score 分数 pass 及格

passing grade 及格分 failing grade 失败 GPA平均学分积 make up exam 补考 cheat 作弊

5.图书馆场景 shelf 书架 stack 书库

reading room 阅览室

reference room 参考书阅览室 periodical room 期刊阅览室 copier 复印机

study lounge 自习室

librarian 图书馆长, 图书管理员 catalogue 书目 index 索引 volume 卷,宗 library card 借书卡

writing permission 书面许可 book reservation 借书 check out 外借 over due 超期 renew 续借 fine 罚款 return 还书

put on reserve 被限制在馆内阅读 magazine 杂志 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

journal 期刊 periodical 期刊 quarterly 季刊 current issue 现刊 back issue 过刊

latest number 最新一期 author 作者 subject 题目 title 名字

key words 关键字 1.交通运输场景 fare 车票 licence 驾照

rush hours 高峰时间 traffic jam 交通堵塞 overtake 超车

one way street 单行道 over speed 超速 police officer 交警 ticket 罚单 fine 罚金

fast way / express way / high way 高速公路 motor way 机动车道 super way 非机动车道 free way 免费高速公路

交通工具(出现频率从高到低)

plane / train(女)/ bus / bike(女)/ walk(女)/ taxi(女):女生比较喜欢 tunnel / channel 隧道 ring road 环线

subway(美)/ underground(英)地铁 metro 地道 overhead 轻轨 flyover 人行天桥 mag – lev 磁悬浮 take a taxi 乘出租车

call a taxi 招出租车/订出租车 catch a train / bus 赶火车/汽车 2.电话场景

mobile phone 手机 pay phone 公用电话

telephone box/booth 电话亭 yellow page 黄页

dial(拨电话号码)/ press(按电话号码)extension 分机 operator 总机 put~through 接通

wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

is not in 不在?

hold on 不要挂断,稍等 take/leave a message 留言 hang up / get off 挂断 credit call 记账式电话

bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话 collect call 对方付费电话 3.机场场景

plane / craft 飞机 book 订票

timetable 时间表 destination 目的地 open ticket one way ticket 单程票 round trip ticket 来回票 non-stop / direct flight 直航

transfer / lay over / stop over 转机

first / business / economy cabin 头等 / 商务 / 经济 舱 confirm the flight 确认航班 check in 登记

boarding card 登机牌 security check 安检 see off 送行 送别时的祝语

keep in touch 保持联系 safe landing 安全着陆 board 登机 take off 起飞 departure 离港

safety / sect belt 安全带 land 着陆 arrival 进港 pick up 接机 4.公司场景

job vacancy 有空缺职位 letter of application 求职信 resume 简历

resume包括几部分

basic / personal info.基本信息/个人资料 academic background 教育背景 work experience 工作经验 certificates and honours interview 面试 offer 聘用信

work experience 工作经验 work overtime 加班 ask for a raise 加钱 wage 周薪 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

salary 日薪

bonus奖金

allowance 津贴

annual income 年收入

promotion 升职

fire 解雇

resign 辞职

retire 退休

laid-off 下岗

work / job / career / course 工作

post / position / vocation / title 职务

假期休息的说法(依次是从大到小)

holiday 假日,假期

vacation 休假

annual leave 年假

sick leave 病假

rest 休息

break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息 coffee break away 离开一会

公司职位从大到小

chairman of the board president--general manager—manager – department manager—head – officer – specialist(专员)

1、(be)about to 刚要,即将

2、(be)absorbed to 专心于

3、account for 说明(原因等)

4、(be)accused of 控告,谴责

5、acquaint with 熟悉,熟知

6、adapt to(使)适应,适合;改编,改写

7、add to 增添,增加;补充说

8、add up to 合计达,总计

9、adhere to 附着,粘着

10、adjust to(使)适应于,把...调节到

11、agree to(+物)同意,赞成12、agree with(+人)同意,赞成13、aim at 瞄准,对准;旨在14、allow for 考虑到

15、amount to 合计,共计,等于

16、answer for 对...负有责任

17、aplolgize to sb.for sth.为...而向...道歉

18、appeal to 诉诸,求助

19、apply for 申请,请求

20、approve of 赞成,同意;批准,核准

21、arise from 由...引起,由...产生

22、arrive at 到达(小地方);达成,得出

23、arrive in 到达(大地方)

24、ask after 探问,问候

25、ask for 询问,要求

26、assign to 指派,选派

--clerk

外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

27、associate with 使联系,使联合;交往

28、attach to 系上,贴上;使附属,使依恋

29、attempt at 企图,努力

30、attend to 照顾,护理;专心于

31、attribute to 把...归因于,归咎于

32、back up 支持,援助;后退

33、bear/keep in mind 记住

34、begin with 从...开始

35、believe in 相信,信任

36、belong to(在所有权关系等方面)属于

37、benefit from 受益,获益

38、blame for/on 责备;因...而受到责备

39、boast of/about 自夸,夸耀,吹牛 40、build up 积累,堵塞;树立

41、burn out 烧光,烧毁;烧起来

42、burst out + n.爆发,突然发作

43、burst out + V-ing 爆发,突然发作

44、care for 照顾,照料;喜欢;宠爱

45、catch up with 赶上

46、check in 办理登记手续

47、check out 记账后离开;检验,核查

48、cheer up 高兴,振作

49、clear away 把...清除掉,收拾 50、clear up 使变清;放晴;清理

51、combine with 结合,联合,化合

52、comment on 评论

53、communicate with 与...通讯;交流

54、compare to 比较,对比;把...比作

55、compensate for 补偿,赔偿

56、complain about/of 抱怨,申诉

57、compy with 照做,遵照,应允

58、conceive of 想像,设想

59、concentrate on 集中,专心

60、(be)concerned with 关心,挂念,从事于 61、as far as..be concerned 就...来说 62、confine to/with 限制 63、conflict with 冲突,抵触

64、congratulate on 祝贺,向...致祝词 65、consent to 同意,赞成 66、consist of 由...组成

67、consist in 在于;存在于 68、consult with 商量,商议

69、contrast with 对比,和...形成对照

70、contribute to 捐献,捐助,贡献;投稿 71、control over 控制,支配

72、convert to 变化,变换,转换 73、convice of 使确信,使信服 74、cope with 对付,应付 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

75、correspond to 相当,相类似 76、correspond with 相符合,成一致 77、count on 倚靠,指望

78、count up 算出...的总数,共计 79、cover up 掩饰,掩盖

80、cure of 治愈,医治;矫正 80、cure of 治愈,医治;矫正 81、deal in 经营

82、deal with 处理,论述,涉及 83、dedicate to 奉献,把...用在 84、deduce from 演绎,推断 85、define...as 把...定义为

86、depend on/upon 依靠,信赖,取决于 87、derive from 起源,衍生 88、despair of 对...绝望

89、deviate from 背离,偏离

90、devote to 致力于,把...奉献给 91、die down 变弱,逐渐消失 92、die out 消失,灭绝 93、differ from 不同

94、differ with 与...意见不同 95、direct to/at 把...对准,针对 96、disagree with 不同意,不一致 97、disappoint at/with 对...失望

98、discharge from 排出;流出;释放;解雇;出院 99、dispose of 处理,销毁,去掉

100、distinguish from 区别, 识别,辨别,辨认 101、distribute over 散布 102、divide by 除

103、do away with 废除,除掉 104、do without 没有...也行

105、double up 弯着身子;把...折起来 106、draw in(火车、汽车)到站 107、draw on 动用,利用 108、draw up 起草,制订

109、dress up 打扮,穿上盛装

110、engage in 使从事于,使忙于 111、equip with 装备,配备

112、exchange for 交换,调换,兑换 113、experiment on/with 进行实验 114、expose to 使暴露,受到;使曝光 115、face up to 大胆面向

116、feed on/with 向...提供,以...为食 117、feel for 摸索,摸索着寻找 118、figure out 计算出;领会到 119、fill in/out 填充,填写 120、find out 查明,发现

121、free of/from 无...的,免去...外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

122、focus on(使)聚焦,(使)集中 123、frown upon 皱眉

124、glance at/over 提到,影射,扫视

125、guard against 提防, 预防,防止,防范 126、hang about/around 闲荡,闲呆着 127、hang on 坚持;不挂断;抓紧不放 128、hang on to 紧紧抓住 129、hang up 挂断(电话)130、have on 穿着,戴着

131、head for(使)朝...行进,(使)走向 132、head on 迎面的,正面的 133、hear of/about 听到

134、hear from 收到...的(来信)135、can/could not help 禁不住,忍不住 136、hinder from 阻止,妨碍

137、hurry up 匆匆完成,(使)赶快 138、identify with 认为...等同于

139、impose on 把...强加给;利用,欺骗 140、impress on 印,留下印象 141、improve on/upon 改进,超过 142、inform of/about 通知,告诉 143、inform against/on 告发,检举

144、inquire of/about 询问,打听,调查 145、insist on/upon 坚决要求,坚持

146、interfere in/with 干涉,介入;妨碍,干扰 147、involve in 卷入,陷入;牵涉,包含 148、knock down 击倒,撞倒 149、knock out 击倒,击昏 150、laugh at 因...而笑,嘲笑 151、lead to 导致,通往 152、learn of 听到,获悉 153、learn from 向...学习154、leave alone 不干涉

155、leave behind 留下,忘记带 156、leave for 动身去 157、leave off(使)停止 158、leave out 遗漏,略去 159、lie in 在于

160、limit to 限制,限定 161、line up 排成一行 162、long for 渴望,极想 163、major in 主修,专攻 164、meet with 遇见,碰到 165、mistake for 把...误认为 166、mix up 搅匀;混淆,搞混 167、model on/after 模仿 168、multiply by 乘以

169、name after 给...取名,命名 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

170、object to 反对,不赞成 171、occur to 被想到,被想起 172、operate on 开动;动手术

173、originate in/from 起源,发生;首创 174、owe to 应把...归功于 175、participate in 参与,参加 176、pass away 去世 177、pass on 传授,传递

178、persist in 坚持不懈,执意;持续 179、persuade of(使)相信

180、piece together 拼合,拼凑、181、plunge into 纵身投入,跳入;猛冲;使突然陷入 182、point out 指出

183、prefer to 更喜欢,宁愿 184、preside at/over 主持

185、prevail over 取胜,占优势;盛行 186、prevent from 预防,防止 187、profit by/from 得利,获益

188、provide sb.with sth.提供,供给 189、provide sth.for sb.提供,供给 190、quarrel about/over 争吵,口角 191、range over 论及,涉及

192、react against 反应,起反作用;反抗 193、read about/of 读到

194、reason with 理喻,与...评理,劝告 195、recover from 痊愈,恢复;重新获得 196、refer to 参考,查阅;涉及,提到 197、refer to...as 把...称做,把...当做 198、regard...as 把...看做,认为 199、register with 注册,登记 200、relate to 有关联

201、rely on/upon 依靠,依赖 202、remark about/on 评论,议论 203、remember to 向...致意,代...问候 204、remind sb.of sth.使想起

205、remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 206、reply to 回答,答复 207、report to 报导,报告

208、resign to 辞职,辞去,放弃;托付给 209、resort to 求助;诉诸于,采取,凭借

210、respond to 响应,回答

211、rest on 依靠,依赖;被搁在, 停留在

212、restrain from 阻碍,控制,抑制

213、result from 起因于,由...产生,因...而造成

214、result in 导致,结果是

215、ring off 挂断电话, 走掉, 离开

216、ring up 打电话;<美> 把(款项)记入现金记录机, 登录

217、rob of 抢劫,盗取 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

218、scrape through 勉强通过

219、search for 寻找,探查;搜查, 搜索

220、seek after/for 寻找,追求,探索,试图,企图 221、select from 挑选,选择

222、send for 召唤,派人去请,派人去拿;函索 223、send in 递送,呈报,呈送,递交

224、send off 寄出, 邮寄,发送,派遣, 解雇, 给...送行 225、separate from(使)分离;(使)分开

226、settle down 定居;平静下来, 专心于;解决,调停 227、settle to 静下心来

228、shake off 抖落,摆脱,甩掉 229、share in 分享,分担

230、share with 分与,分派,分配,分享,共用

231、side with 支持,站在...的一边, 和...抱同样的见解 232、slow down/up(使)放慢,减速 233、smell of 有...的气味,有...的味道

234、specialize in 擅长于,专门研究,专攻 235、speed up 加速 236、stem from 起源于 237、step on 踩,踏上

239、stick to 粘在...上,粘住;坚持,信守 240、subject to 使服从,使遭受

241、submit to 使服从,使受到,服从,屈服,忍受,顺从;呈送,递 242、substitute for 代替...,替换...,取代...243、subtract from 减去

244、succeed in 在...方面成功

245、suffer from 忍受,遭受;使痛苦,患病;受损失 246、sum up 计算...的总数,概括,总结 247、surrender to 投降,自首

248、switch off 切断,(用开关)关掉 249、switch on 接通,(用开关)开起

250、sympathize with 同意,同感;同情,怜悯,共鸣 252、talk over 详尽地商议,商量,讨论,说服,议论 253、taste of 有...味道,体验,感到 254、tell from 区别,辨别,认出

255、think better of 重新考虑决定不做,较高评价,认真考虑;经考虑对...改变看法 256、think of 考虑,关心;想一想,想起,想象,有...的看法,记起 257、think of...as 把...看做是,认为...是 258、think over 仔细考虑,重新考虑

259、throw away 丢弃,扔掉,抛弃;浪费(金钱等)260、touch on 略微谈到,谈及,提及 261、try on 试穿,试验

262、try out 试用,试验,考验,提炼

263、turn in(to)上床睡觉,上缴,出卖,把...向内折,告发,收听 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

选校网 www.xiexiebang.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库(按ctrl 点击打开)

第四篇:2014年高考英语阅读理解解题技巧

2014年高考英语阅读理解解题技巧

对阅读理解能力的测试是英语考试中必不可少的测试项目,主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力,以及通过材料的阅读,对材料中信息的捕获能力。此项能力的测试,对考生提出以下几方面要求:

1.不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想,而且要求掌握文章中的详细事实与细节。

2.不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解,而且要求对其抽象含义的理解,既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等。

3.既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。

4.既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题;又要求考生能运用中学生应有的生活常识去分析、理解问题。

根据以上要求,通过对近年来高考英语试题的研究分析,我们就不难总结出阅读理解题的命题规律及题型结构,一般来说,阅读理解题型设计,大致可以分为以下几种题型:

A.事实询问题;B.推理判断题;

C.数据推算题;D.识图解意题;

E.主旨大意题;F.常识题。

那么,根据以上六种题型的设计,如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢?我认为可以采取以下几种应试技巧和解题步骤:

首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。

其次,细读题材,各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准。

下面,根据阅读理解测试的要求,针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型,给出几点解题建议:

事实询问题

此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导,就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。

做好这类题的要领是:1.明确题意,顺藤摸瓜。2.按照要求,寻找答案来源。

3.找准关键词,明白其暗示作用。4.多读课文,正确使用排除法。

推理判断题

既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问:

What can you conclude from this passage?

What's the auther's attitude towards...?

We can infer from the passage that„„.Which statement is(not)true?

这就要求考生首先在阅读时,要抓住文章的主题和细节,分析文章结构,根据上下文内在联系,挖掘文章的深层含义。

其次,对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析,进一步增强理解能力,抓住材料实质性的东西。

数据推算题

此题要求学生就文章提供的数据,以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时:

1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。

2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息,那些属于干扰信息。

3.不要孤立看待数字信息,而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。

识图解意题

此类插图题型是通过图解、地图或插图的形式,形象化地表现信息,用以降低试题的难度,是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。在做此类题时,要求学生一定要:

1.把文章与图示结合起来,图文互相参照、互相验证。

2.若是地图,则要做到方位明确。

3.要正确理解文中方位介词及有关信息词的重要意义。

主旨大意题

此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。一类题型为主题问题。如:What is the main idea of this passage?

What does the passage maily talk about?

What does the writer want to tell us?

另一类为标题问题。

如:Which tittle is the best tittle of this article?

寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此,在做题时,要注意每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。英文叫“Topic Sentence”,它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意,抓住主题句,就不难确定文章的最佳标题。

经验常识题

此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识,包括:社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。此类题往往与文章没有直接关系,学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断,然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。

第五篇:江西英语高考阅读理解秘诀

江西英语高考阅读理解秘诀

江西英语高考高中生阅读能力比较差怎么办?江西英语高考考前一对一培训好不好,江西英语高考难不难,在这次江西高考改革的情况下,江西英语高考题型怎么样?如何应对2016江西英语高考呢?下面是我整理的此地区比较好的培训机构,如需咨询,请直拨免费电话,与咨询老师直接通话。祝孩子学习进步!雷式总部电话

南大校区:0791-8833-3738 王老师:187-7006-7440 雷式其他校区可以前往雷式网站首页查看

雷式教育具有丰富个性化教学经验的教师,履行客户至上的理念,为学生提供优质专业的服务。雷式教育的教师在个性化教育教学方面体现了诸多特色:创造丰富的教学情境、加强教师团队的培训与教研活动,这些都是雷式优质教学服务的基础。

江西英语高考阅读能力比较差怎么办?一对一培训好不好

1、预习习惯。请老师们把讲的时间让出一部分,还给学生,学生自己去看一看,想一想,预习预习。只讲四分钟,后进生明显进步,秘诀就是预习、自己学的习惯。反之,不让学生自己学,简单的事都要等着老师告诉他,这样难以培养出好学生。让学生自己学进去,感受学习的快乐、探索的快乐、增长能力的快乐。所以请各位老师一定要培养学生预习的习惯。

2、适应老师的习惯。一个学生同时面对各学科教师,长短不齐、在所难免。一方面我们努力采取措施提高老师的能力水平,适应学生;一方面不能马上把所有的老师都提高到一个适应学生要求的地步。所以学生也要适应老师,从现在适应老师,长大了适应社会。不会稍不如意就埋怨环境。不同层次的老师,学生用不同的方式,眼睛向内、提高自我的方式去适应,与老师共同进步。

以上为小编为大家整理江西英语高考阅读能力差生的指导,想学好英语,不怕江西英语高考阅读理解,除了自己好好复习,还得跟着老师节奏。

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