英语听力

第一篇：英语听力

学生场景

freshman大一学生sophomore大学二年级生, 有二年经验的junior student大三学生senior student大四学生，高年级学生

undergraduate student 本科生graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生

master‘s degree硕士学位bachelor’s degree学士学位

doctor student / doctor candidate 博士研究生 post doctor student博士后

alumni / alumnus（男）毕业生

老师场景

professor教授teaching fellow 讲师assistant

tutor / mentor / director / supervisor 导师president校长faculty全体教职员工

dean 系主任department 系staff全体员工(商店、企业)

上课、选课、听讲座、听报告场景

take/sign up the course选课drop the course 退课

register注册pick up = learncancel取消full报满lecture讲座seminar讨论班

elective course / elective course /optional course选修课

requirement / required course /compulsory必修课

credit学分introductory course初级课程advanced course高级课程

math数学computer course计算机psychology course心理学

physics物理学economics经济学computer science计算机科学

sociology社会学geology地质学chemistry化学

biology生物学biochemistry生物化学science理科

art文科engineering 工科

homework / assignment / projectbook report读书报告presentation课堂发言

reading list书单turn in / hand in hand 上交deadline最后期限

due到期extension延期

essay小论文thesis中论文dissertation大论文

term paper学期报告proposal开题报告

考试场景

Exam

mid-term exam期中考试

finalexam 期末考试

quiz测验

pop quiz不提前通知的考试

grade / score 分数

pass及格

passing grade及格分

failing grade失败

make up exam补考

cheat作弊

图书馆场景

shelf书架stack书库copier复印机

reference room参考书阅览室periodical room期刊阅览室study lounge 自习室reading room阅览室librarian图书管理员

catalogue书目index索引volume卷，宗 library card借书卡writing permission书面许可 book reservation 借书check out外借

overdue

超

期

renew续借fine罚款return还书 put on reserve被限制在馆内阅读magazine杂志journal期刊periodical期刊quarterly季刊current issue现刊back issue过刊author作者subject题目title名字key words关键字

常用地点英语

1.餐馆场景

restaurant餐馆dining hall食堂cafeteria自助餐厅

bar酒吧inn小旅馆，小客栈motel汽车旅馆 fast food快餐店snack food小吃snack bar快餐店

pizza hut必胜客sandwich三明治hamburger汉堡burger king汉堡王French restaurant法式餐厅Italian restaurant意式餐厅

食品：

buffet自助餐salad沙拉soup汤eat soup喝汤soup spoon汤匙sauce汁，酱dessert甜点main dish主菜pudding布丁dressing调味汁doughnut面包圈French bread法式面包a loaf 一条面包toast土司jam果酱apple pie苹果酱

potato chips土豆fish and chipsFrench fries炸薯条yoghourt酸奶steak牛排

soft drink软饮料soda water苏打水orange Juice橘汁mineral water矿泉水lemon juice柠檬wine酒liquor烈酒beer啤酒a cup of beer一杯啤酒

动作：

menu菜单

order dishes点菜 bring me the menu看菜单 recommendation推荐，招牌菜

付账：

pick up the bill买单 I will pick up the table.Let me treat you.Let me foot the bill.It's on me.I will buy the bill.AA制

Let's go fifty-fifty.separate checks split the bill tip小费

Let's go Dutch.各人付自己的帐 2.医院场景 医生：

内科医生physician外科医生surgeon牙科医生dentist

医院的部门名称：

候诊室waiting room急诊室emergency department小诊所clinic 医疗中心health center校医院infirmary

常见的生病症状：

症状symptom感冒catch a cold病愈get over发烧 fever温度temperature咳嗽cough

流鼻涕running nose肚子痛stomachache头痛headache

过敏be allergic to心脏病heart attack骨折fracture脚踝ankle流血bleeding

常见的设施：

体检check up / physical examination 体育锻炼physical education

常见的药品：

阿斯匹林aspirin药品medicine剂量dosage吃药 take the pill药方 prescription打针 injection抓药fill the prescription一天三次 take the pills three times a day

3.机场与车站场景、旅游场景 机场场景

机场airport起飞take off降落land盘旋circle 行李luggage登机门boarding gate / departure gate登机牌boarding pass离港departure起飞时间departure time

机场费airport fare办理登记手续check in

行李柜台baggage counter头等舱first-class经济舱economy class 商务舱business class准点到达arrive on schedule 晚点（到达）behind schedule延误，取消cancel 预定航班make a reservation 旅游场景

旅游trip，tour

假期vacation

预定饭店make a hotel reservation 去度假leave for a vacation 旅行社travel agency 观光go sightseeing 避暑胜地summer resort 夏威夷Hawaii

悉尼歌剧院Sydney opera house

带某人四处逛逛I will show you around 饭店接待hotel accommodation

4.银行场景、邮局场景 银行场景 银行bank

户头account开户open an account 支票帐户check account 支票check

旅游支票traveler's check 帐单bill

付账pay the bill 兑现支票cash a check 取钱draw 透支overdraw

出纳员teller活期存款 current deposit定期存款fixed deposit

邮局场景

邮局post office平信regular mail挂号信registered mail邮票stamp邮资postage电报telegram加急电报urgentcable超重overweight快递EMS（Express Mail Service）

联合包裹快递服务UPS（United Parcel Service）

5.租房子、住宾馆场景 宾馆场景

宾馆hotel小旅馆，小客栈inn汽车旅馆motel订房间book / make a reservation 订满booked up / occupied客房服务room service 单人间single room双人间double room 浴室bathroom前台front desk / reception 行李搬运工porter叫早服务wake up call

租房场景

房租rent房东landlord

房客renter / tenant契约lease / agreement 水电费utilities门厅hall 家具furniture风景画poster

橱柜cabinet书架book case / shelf 淋浴管道shower pipe修理fix / repair

坏了break down裂缝leak

管道pipe修理公司roofing company

修理工作repair job修理工maintenance man / repairman管道工plumber电工electrician

6.电话场景、工作场景 电话场景

接线员operator

长途电话long distance call 越洋电话overseas call

对方付费电话collect call

占线The line is busy / engaged.把电话接通put sb.through

让某人重打一次give sb.credit for the call 关机power off

不在服务区not at the service

先别挂Please hold on / hold for a moment.挂电话hang up 投币电话pay phone

打入的电话incoming calls 打出的电话outgoing calls

工作场景

老板boss秘书secretary 前台reception雇员employee 雇主employer面试interview 面试管interviewer面试者interviewee

部门主管head of departmentCEOChief Executive Officer 提升promotion顶头上司immediate boss

加薪give a raise经验experience经历experiences文凭credential辞职quit/resign退休retire失业lay off

面试场景

申请工作apply for the job 申请application 全职full-time 兼职part-time

首席执行官

求职者job applicator

简历resume

职位position / post

参加面试have / take a interview

第二篇：英语听力材料

1.Why does Pamela want to have plastic surgery? A.To become a movie actress.B.To become an anchorwoman.C.To become a fashion model.D.To find a white-collar job.2.What surgery has Pamela already had? A.Enlarging her breasts.B.Removing wrinkles from her neck.C.Making her face thinner.D.Making her nose tip more pointed.3.What did Pamela think about beauty and character? A.Beauty is as important as a noble character.B.Beauty is more important than a noble character.C.Beauty is less important than a noble character.D.Beauty and a noble character are less important than ability.4.How do Pamela's parents and boyfriend react to her plastic surgery? A.Her boyfriend is against it while parents are for it.B.Her boyfriend is for it while her parents' opinion is unknown.C.Both her parents and boyfriend are for it.D.Both her parents and boyfriend are against it.5.How long would her new looks last, according to Dr.Carson? A.One to two years.B.Three to five years.C.Nearly a decade.D.Unpredictable.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.6.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A.A new beauty queen at the pageant.B.Beauty queen stripped of crown for lying.C.Failure to win the beauty queen title.D.Honesty is the best policy.7.How old was Laura Anness when she last participated in the pageant? A.15.B.24.C.27.D.None of the above.8.Where does Laura Anness actually live? A.Saltah, Cornwall.B.Saltah, Devon.C.Plymouth, Devon.D.Plymouth, Cornwall.9.What did Laura Anness say to explain her lying? A.She developed the habit of lying as a child.B.She did not really lie.C.She wanted to get the 2,000 pound prize.D.She wanted to realize her dream.10.What has Laura Anness lost in the end? A.The 2,000 pound prize.B.A work contract.C.The opportunity to compete at a higher-level contest.D.All of the above.1.What is the main idea of the dialog? A.More attention to one's skin than one's figure.B.Benefits from skincare.C.Seeking expert advice on skincare.D.Seeking expert advice on beauty contests.2.What problem does the woman have? A.She has smallpox.B.She has oily skin.C.She has a lot of wrinkles.D.She has crow's feet around her eyes.3.What does the man advise the woman to do? A.Wash her face with lukewarm water.B.Pat her face dry with a clean towel.C.Pat a cream onto her face.D.All of the above.4.What is the use of the cream? A.To wipe out dirt and oil.B.To remove wrinkles.C.To tighten the skin.D.All of the above.5.What does the man suggest finally? A.To get a facelift every four to six months.B.To get a facelift every four to six years.C.To get a facial every four to six months.D.To get a facial every four to six weeks.1.Why was the door to the balcony wide open? A.The weather was hot.B.It was too moist inside.C.It was too dry inside.D.The scene outside was beautiful.2.Why was the speaker unable to close the windows? A.The window was deformed.B.The wind was too strong.C.He was scared stiff by the loud thunder.D.He was frightened by the lightning.3.How did the speaker manage to close the window? A.He asked his wife to close it together.B.He used a mop to close it.C.He waited until the wind was less strong.D.He waited until the hail was over.4.What did the speaker do after seeing the lightning? A.He closed the window.B.He turned off the TV.C.He turned off the lights.D.He pulled out the electrical plugs.5.What is the sequence of the events? A.Sun—wind—thunder and lightning—sun—hail.B.Sun—hail—thunder and lightning—wind—sun.C.Sun—wind—thunder and lightning—hail—sun.D.Sun—wind—hail—thunder and lightning—sun.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.6.How many people in the nation has the drought affected since April 8? A.25.95 million.B.18.44 million.C.8.07 million.D.20.88 million.7.What does the Minister of Water Resources think has caused the dry spell? A.Only lower rainfall.B.Only higher temperatures.C.Both lower rainfall and higher temperatures.D.Lower rainfall, higher temperatures and over-farming.8.What measures were the local governments urged to take to provide drinking water in drought-hit areas? A.Artificial precipitation.B.Digging of wells.C.Finding new water sources.D.All of the above.9.How much money has the Central Government allocated for rural drinking water security and small water projects? A.7.5 billion yuan.B.6.4 billion yuan.C.1.1 billion yuan.D.13.9 billion yuan.10.What is the passage mainly about? A.The victory over the drought.B.The disasters caused by the drought.C.The drought and coping measures.D.The drought and its causes.1.What happened to 200 supercarriers in the past 20 years? A.They survived severe storms.B.They lost their ways at sea.C.They were lost with a few survivors.D.They were lost with no survivors.2.What does the woman find surprising? A.Modern technology cannot save supercarriers.B.Modern technology has saved many supercarriers.C.Communications and emergency services have improved fast.D.Communications and emergency services have improved slowly.3.Which of the following is true of the helicopter? A.It was blown into the sea.B.It sank with the supercarrier.C.It saved a few people on the supercarrier.D.It saved the supercarrier.4.What happened to the oil-drilling rig off Canada's coast? A.The workers escaped.B.A lot of people died.C.The rig was overturned.D.The rig exploded.5.What is the main idea of the dialog? A.Tsunami—the most destructive disaster at sea.B.Rogue waves—the most powerful sea waves.C.Mysteries of sea disasters.D.The fate of different super-carriers.1.What may workaholics do? A.They bring work home.B.They keep working until after midnight.C.They bend over their work on weekends.D.All of the above.2.Which of the following does the speaker recommend doing? A.Concentrating on one thing a week.B.Concentrating on one thing a day.C.Concentrating on one thing at a time.D.Doing just a few things at a time.3.What should one do first according to the passage? A.What is important.B.What one understands.C.What is easy.D.What is difficult.4.What does the speaker say about working at home? A.One should not bring too much work home.B.One can work in the living room if one has a home office.C.One should not bring confidential files home.D.One should work only within the usual working hours.5.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A.Bad habits of workaholics.B.Tips for workaholics.C.Good habits of a devoted worker.D.Cultivation of a devoted worker.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.6.Why does the speaker mention “football”? A.It is more popular than basketball.B.It is less popular than basketball.C.It is an example of the importance of teamwork.D.It is an example of the importance of physical strength.7.Which of the following is the reason that team spirit is being increasingly valued in modern society? A.Today's society is a self-sufficient one.B.Today's society is no longer a self-sufficient one.C.Individualism is increasingly valued throughout the world.D.Team sports have become increasingly popular in modern society.8.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as the product of cooperative efforts? A.A pot of flowers.B.A loaf of bread.C.An article of clothes.D.A transportation means.9.Why kind of people do companies today especially want to employ according to the dialog? A.Skilled workers.B.Computer experts.C.Good Football players.D.Good team players.10.According to the passage, why should we learn to cooperate with each other? A.To meet the needs of personal development.B.To meet the needs of the complex society.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.1.What does the man mean by saying “No one has a good enough memory to be a successful liar”? A.With a good memory you will be a successful liar.B.If the listener has a bad memory, you will succeed in lying.C.If you lie, you will forget what you said and be found out.D.If you remember your lie well, nobody can see through it.2.Why did the man call the woman into his office? A.To praise her good appearance.B.To give her money.C.To reprimand her for being late.D.To reprimand her for telling a lie.3.What is the woman? A.A secretary.B.An assistant manager.C.The office manager.D.The accountant.4.What does the man say he has noticed over the past year? A.The woman has grown lazier.B.The woman has become more interested in money.C.The woman has grown prettier.D.The woman has improved her work.5.What does the dialog say about the training courses? A.The woman has paid a lot to attend them.B.The man has paid a lot to attend them.C.They have improved the woman's work.D.They have turned out to be a failure.1.What did the Mexican fisherman say when advised to stay out longer and catch more fish? A.He was tired.B.He could not find more fish.C.He had caught enough fish for his family's immediate use.D.He had caught enough fish for his family's long-term consumption.2.Which of the following is the sequence of actions the American suggests for the Mexican? A.Selling to the factory—owning a factory—owing a fleet of boats B.Owing a fleet of boats—selling to the factory—owning a factory C.Owing a fleet of boats—owning a factory—selling to the factory D.Selling to the factory—owing a fleet of boats—owning a factory 3.What did the American suggest the Mexican could finally do to make millions of dollars? A.Expand his fleet.B.Expand his factory.C.Sell more fish to the middleman.D.Sell his company's stock to the public.4.What did the American advise the Mexican to do after the latter had made millions of dollars? A.Lead a leisurely life.B.Lead a colorful life in Mexico City.C.Lead a profitable life in Los Angeles.D.Follow an MBA program.5.What does the Mexican's final answer imply? A.Playing with one's children is more fun than drinking wine.B.Drinking wine is more fun than playing the guitar.C.It is not worthwhile to work hard to expand one's business.D.It is a good idea to work hard to make plenty of money.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.6.What is the speaker's attitude towards frequent job-hopping? A.Highly positive.B.Slightly positive.C.Neutral.D.Negative.7.According to some people, how may people benefit from moving from job to job every few years? A.They may have more opportunities to move upward in responsibility.B.They may keep their skills up to date.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.8.According to the speaker, what may happen to people who stick to one job at one company? A.They may have opportunities for promotion.B.They may lose opportunities for promotion.C.They will be looked down upon by colleagues.D.They may be considered professionally incompetent.9.According to the speaker, what is the second disadvantage for people who change their jobs too often? A.They may be considered dishonest.B.They may be considered professionally incompetent.C.They may be considered not clever enough.D.They may be considered too ambitious.10.What does the speaker finally say about people who change their jobs too often? A.They may have a good team spirit.B.They are unlikely to be self-centered.C.Both A.and B.D.Neither A.nor B.1.How soon can they move into the new office? A.Before July 1st.B.After July 1st.C.Before August 1st.D.After August 1st.2.When will the new company probably start operating? A.Before mid-July.B.After mid-July.C.Before mid-August.D.After mid-August.3.What experience did the woman have? A.She always bought new equipment.B.She assisted her former boss in marketing.C.She was in charge of finance only.D.She did marketing and finance on her own.4.What will the woman do first on Monday morning? A.Buy new equipment.B.Call the art people.C.Hand in her marketing plan.D.Write a marketing plan.5.What has the man done about recruiting people? A.He has employed some R & D experts.B.He has found some candidates for the company's R & D section.C.He has employed some art people.D.He has found some candidates for the company's art work.1.Those who concealed their anger or quickly became irritable were 50 percent more likely than the average person to have an early heart attack.A.True B.False 2.The study by Patricia Carson and her colleagues involved over 1,000 subjects who were followed for an average of 36 years.A.True B.False 3.The questionnaire collected information on how the subjects reacted to pressure or stress.A.True B.False 4.By age 76, nearly two thirds of those who were classified as most angry had developed cardiovascular disease at an average age of 56.A.True B.False 5.Carson concludes that the most important thing angry young men can do is to go to a quiet room to calm themselves down.A.True B.False

1.At the beginning the man wants to have his hair styled.A.True B.False 2.The woman beautician tries to offer the man the complete service.A.True B.False 3.The man asks for a mirror because he suspects too much hair has been cut off.A.True B.False 4.Finally the man has short, yellow hair.A.True B.False 5.Now that the man has a fashionable hair style, he will go to the job interview with confidence.A.True B.False

1.Skiing is close to nature though crowds tend to make too much noise.A.True B.False 2.Every year forty or fifty skiers break their legs.A.True B.False 3.The woman thinks it is possible and necessary to be prepared for an avalanche.A.True B.False 4.Guides set off explosives to start avalanches, thus making the snow stable.A.True B.False 5.An avalanche beacon is an electronic device that sends a signal if a skier is buried by an avalanche.A.True B.False

1.The office manager offers to show the woman around.A.True B.False 2.The man promises to remove the stack of files from the woman's desk.A.True B.False 3.If the woman needs supplies, she can just let the man know.A.True B.False 4.Although the woman is a newcomer in the office, she is ready to call customers.A.True B.False 5.The woman has to press zero for an outside telephone line.A.True B.False

1.The man switched jobs owing mainly to layoff and company bankruptcy.A.True B.False 2.Now the man is doing a job more or less the same as he did before.A.True B.False 3.It was easy for the man to adjust to the new job amid technological advances and the Internet revolution.A.True B.False 4.According to the man, to keep up with the dramatic changes, one must constantly gather all kinds of information.A.True B.False 5.The man says that a job-seeker should concentrate on work-related classes and should not try to learn about other subjects.A.True B.False

第三篇：英语听力稿

2017年汉阳区中考英语模拟试题(二)听力录音稿

第一节（共4小题，每小题1分，满分4分）

听下面4个问题。每个问题后有三个答语，从题中所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个问题后，你都有5秒钟的时间作答和阅读下一小题。每个问题仅读一遍。

Text1.What is it in that old box? Text2.Who will come to give us a talk? Text3.How are you going to Washington DC？ Text4.When will the performance start?

第二节（共8题，每小题1分，满分8分）

听下面8段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

Text5.W：May I help you sir? M：Yes.I’d like to try on some sports jackets.I prefer something like the one I wearing.Text6.M: Well, I’d better go home now.It’s been great see you again.W: Oh, it was nice to see you, too.Text7.M: The plane will take off at 9:30.W: So we still have half an hour.Text8.W: John, why don’t you sit down and take a rest?

M: I will be right there after washing the dishes.Text9.M: I heard you got full marks in the exam.Congratulations.W: I’m sure you also did well.Text10.M: Thanks a lot for offering to return these books to the library for me.W: Four books? And I have four of my own to take back, too.Text11.W: Do you mind if I turn the television off?

M: Well, I’m in the middle of watching a program.Text12.M: Can you tell me what the word means?

W: Don’t you have a dictionary?

第三节

听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话和独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白听两遍。听下面一段材料，回答13至15题。

M: Hello, Alice!I’m in the park now.I wonder if I could talk to you about our evening party.W: Of course, Jim!Please go ahead.M: When do you think id the best time for the party? W: How about Friday evening? I will be free then.M: Sounds good.However, I might have something else to do then.W: Is Saturday evening OK? It is a great time, too.M: Good.Shall I come to your house to talk about the party tonight? W: Sorry, I’ll be in the office the whole night.So let’s meet there, shall we? M: No problem.听下面一段对话，回答16至18题。

W: Hi, Tony.It’s only 7:10.There is still fifty minutes left for the class.Why are you in a hurry? M: We must arrive at school twenty minutes earlier.That’s one of our school rules.W: Anything else? M: We must wear school uniforms.We aren’t allowed to choose our own clothes.W: Are you allowed to listen to music in the classroom.M: No.But we can listen to music outside the classroom.W: What about reading storybooks? M: We can only do that after class.听下面一段对话，回答19至21题。

M: Wow, so many nice stamps!You must enjoy collecting them, Annie.W: Oh, they aren’t mine.All of them belong to my cousin Tony.M: Tony? Do you mean the boy who used to be lazy? W: Yes, Bill.Now he is working hard at everything.M: Amazing!W: People sure change.M: That’s true.By the way, are you allowed to collect stamps at home? W: No, my parents think I should pay more attention to my studies.Even if any friend came to my house, they would be mad.M: How strict they are!W: Yeah, but they think they are doing good to me.M: I think they might need to change their ideas about teenagers.W: Yes, you’re right.We are not children now.Sometimes they should think about our ideas.听下面一段对话，回答22至25题。

Are you doing anything for Earth Day this year? I think it’s a really good idea.It shows people how they can help the environment.This year we are all going to the Jiufeng Area to do pickup.That means collecting all the trash that people drop, like Coke cans and sweet wrappers and other things like that.We’ll start at 8 am and then pick up litter until about 1 pm.Then we’ll have a huge picnic.It’ll be great.You are supposed to take food and there are places to cook hamburgers and hot dogs and other things.Then we’ll do pickup again until about 3 pm.We’ll have to be very careful to tidy up well after the picnic!

第四篇：英语听力训练方法

一、听说训练中应注意几个问题

一般英语学习者，在全面提高英语的前提下，要提高听、说能力，应首先注意以下三点：

1．注意区分和模仿正确的语音、语调

在英语里有不少读音相近，但意思却截然不同的词汇，象cure(治愈)和 kill(杀死)，menu(菜单)和manure(肥料)等。设想如果有一个医生想说:“I'll cure you.”(我要治好你的病。)却因发音不好，说成:“I'll kill you.”(我要杀死你。)那病人会吓成什么样子。又比如，有人对你说：“ I am thirty.My wife is thirty, too.”而你听到的却是：“I am dirty.My wife is dirty, too.”你一定会莫名其妙。实际上，所差之处就是一个音素。因此，我们从一开始就要注意区分和模仿正确的语音，语调。在这个基础上提高听、说，才能收到良好效果。

2．创造一定的听、说环境

听、说是一种语言交流，没有一个外语环境或一定的听、说条件，只靠单枪匹马很难收效。当然，现代科学为我们提供了录音机这一工具，我们可以把课文，对话和中外成品磁带录制下来反复听和模仿。还可以把自己的口头作文和复述录下来，仔细审听，发现问题，及时纠正。但是，在自然条件下，听与说是不能分的。一个人听的过程实际是另一个人说的过程。如果有条件的话，最好能把自学的伙伴组织起来，定期开展会话活动，或利用社会上，公园中提供的“外语角”等条件，既练了说，又练了听，在实际的语言环境中练习，才能取得长足的进步。

3．要有不怕听错，说错，不断苦练的精神

练习听、说的学习者，特别是成年人，往往必听错、说错，不敢主支张口练习。然而，语言是一种习惯，没有反复的操练和实践难以产生熟练的技巧。会话重在达意，只要达到交流思想的目的，这种听、说实践就应该说是基本成功的。出了错，注意总结经验，自学改正就是了。

二、听力训练的四个阶段

⑴入门阶段：

这个阶段适合初学者。在学完字母及一些简单句型和词汇后即可开始。一般可以进行三个听力练习：

1）句型练习：做这项练习时，可以把句型、词汇及语法三项结合起来。这方面有不少国内外出版的句型练习教科书及录音带，如：《英语九百句》（English 900）和《情景对话》(Situational Dialogues)，邓炎昌编的《英语会话五十题》和邓荣成编译的《实用英语问答》等。这些课本编排比较科学，由浅入深，循序渐进，照顾到生活常用词汇和句型，耐用做到了关键句型反复出现。配合课本录制的磁带质量也很好，几乎都包括速度较慢的跟读和重复练习。

2）浅显易懂的英语小故事：听小故事也是这一阶段听力训练的重要步骤。如《罗宾汉的故事》(GRIMM'S TALES)，<<伊索寓言>>(AESOP'SFABLES)等。<<新概念英语>>第一二册等的也可采用。听故事旨在听懂大意，锻炼把前后内容连贯起来的能力，而不在于模仿语音，语调和熟记句型。听故事还可以扩大词汇，把学到的英语书面符号同声音结合起来。

3）中外录制的教科书课文：中外出版的一些英语教科书如:许国璋主编的《英语》统编教材一到四册，周珊凤，张祥保主编的《大学英语》，英国朗曼公司出版的《基础英语》（ESSENTIAL ENGLISH）及美国麦希尔公司出版的>今日英语>(ENGLISH FOR TODAY)等，内容丰富，课文有相当的长度和难度。如果学习时配合听课文录音，或先听后读或学了之后再听，都可以达到从声音入手反复熟悉课文的目的，既学了课文，又练了听力。最后，在入门阶段，尽管掌握的英语不多，还是应该努力把听和说结合起来，积极利用学过的内容，组织自学伙伴，开展对话。有条件的话，争取能听听中外籍人士用英语介绍生活、学习或英美情况的小报告，即使只能勉强听懂一部分也应尝试。

⑵初级阶段

这一阶段仍属基础学习阶段。主要任务是扩大、加深和巩固入门阶段所学成果，可以从以下几方面进行训练:

1)继续听句型练习和小故事：这一阶段要注意通过时间较长，难度较大，语言现象较复杂的听力材料来继续解决语音，词汇和语法这三方面的问题。如果仍沿用入门阶段的句型练习材料，就要加大单位时间听力材料的数量，并争取在回答或重复时提高自己的准确度。总之，应在材料难度及反应速度方面下功夫。在听小故事方面可听《如此故事》（WHATA STORY）一类的成品录音带。其特点是在录制故事时，有意识地安排了好几个人插话，提问，以中断某人叙述的方式来进行一些意见交流，这也可算作情景对话，得同简单的问答式对话大不相同，它更接近真实生活，也更自然。

2）选听各种报告录音，扩大听的内容：为了扩大词汇，并逐步适应不同口音和年龄的讲话，这一阶段可选听一些浅易的英美历史、地理、风俗人情的报告。英美人士访华印象的讲话也是很好的内容。这些讲话一般以半小时左右为宜，既增长知识又提高听力。

3）开始收听北京电台对外广播：电台的英语涉及政治、经济、文化等各方面内容，语言比较规范，播音员语音、语调又是楷模，因此听英语广播是学习英语的极好途径。北京电台（Radio Beijing）收听方便，每日内容更新，多数是有关我国各方面发展的消息。由于学习者熟悉这些内容，这就降低了听力难度，所以对听力刚刚入门的人来说是比较合适的。在这一阶段，听的重点应是北京电台对外的新闻广播、国际形势分析及一些文化评论。听时要摸索新闻广播的一般规律，注意培养听新闻的一些基本技巧和方法。如果一开始感到困难，可以采取以下两个辅助办法，即在听广播之前阅读《北京周报》（BEIJING REVIEW），《中国日报》(CHINA DAILY)或《新华电讯稿》(XIN-HUA NEWS BULLETIN)有关文章。这样，在内容和词汇有一定准备的情况下，听英语广播就会容易得多。另外，可以把新闻和评论录制下来，反复精听，逐句推敲。这也是抽调听力的一个很好训练方法。在这一阶段，仍应进行听说配合的训练，做口头作文，写报告等等，并开展力能及的讨论。

⑶中级阶段

本阶段应从机械训练转向实践，从课本进入社会。解决听外台的能力作为这一阶段的一项主要任务。可进行以下训练。

1）听美国之音(VOA)慢速广播(VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH PROGRAM)或英国广播公司(BBC)英语广播(BBC ENGLISH BY RADIO):这两个节目速度较慢，在词汇选择上也有适当控制，因此作为训练听外台的起步练习是很合适的。开始时可根据自己熟悉的工英国或美国音来选听BBC或VOA，然后逐步向另一台过渡。在听这两种特殊节目毫无困难之后，就可转向正常速度的英美电台广播。电台广播和报刊杂志的内容是紧密联系在一起的。因此，在进行这一训练的同时，应阅读一些英文报刊杂志。

2）视听结合，训练听懂电影，戏剧的能力:看外语电影可以纳入这一阶段的训练。听电影，戏剧中的台词，实际是相当难的，作为起步，可以先看一些翻译成英语的国产电影，如《闪闪的红星》甚至幻灯片《高玉宝》等。然后选看熟悉的影片，如《列宁在一九一八》，《战争下和平》等。最后可尝试听一些语言规范，内容健康的原版英美电影，如《冰海沉船》《百万英磅》《简。爱》《孤星血泪》《雾都孤儿》《红菱艳》以及中央电视台的《星期日英语》(ENGLISH ON SUNDAY)节目中经常播放的一些英美电影对话，不能要求每句话，每个字都听懂，应以是否正确把握住了故事情节和重要的细节为标准。

3）继续前两阶段的某些听力训练:听力训练是长期的，经常的任务因此，各人可以根据自己的薄弱环节，在向新内容发展的同时，坚持进行某些前两阶段采用过的听力练习形式，但难度和词汇量有所加强，要多听英美文化和政治经济方面的报告，以及访华学者就当今大家感兴趣和国际问题，青年问题等所作的一小时左右的报告。

（4）高级阶段

本阶段完成后，英语学习者应达到或者接近英美人的听力水平，并能应付各种情况。

1）在听外台方面，要训练听正常速度节目。要从重点听新闻，转向多听专栏评论和报道。

2）在可能条件下，争取听使用英语的学术讨论会，语言学，文学，历史，政治经济等问题的讲座和科普报告，并积极参加报告会后的讨论活动。

3)如有兴趣或需要，可进一步训练听戏剧台词和诗歌朗诵，如莎士比亚，萧伯纳，奥尼尔等名家的戏剧，或英美诗歌名篇。

4)练习听懂用英语讲授的课程，学习英语是为了掌握一种语言工具，从而更好地精通自己的专业，因此，在这一听力阶段应达到听懂用英语讲授的专业课程或报告，要练习完全用英语进行思维，把耳听，思考，理解和笔录完美地用英语统一起来，如果客观上没有这种听课条件，大量阅读专业资料，听有关专业的英语报告，并积极开展英语讨论，与同行交换看法等，也可以在很大程度上弥补这方面的不足。

三.听力训练的几个具体问题

(1)泛听和精听相结合

在听力训练中，既要能准确无误地听出某些重要的数据，年代，人名，地名及事实，又要兼顾把握大意的训练，这弱项就必须所精听与泛听结合起来，交替练习，即把精听和泛听分成各处独立的练习，听时穿插安排，也可把一个故事或报告他成精泛段落，有些部分精听，其余泛听。在精听时，要首先熟悉听力材料中的生词，对有此难句可以反复听：而泛听则首先着眼于量大，只求掌握大意，不必了解每个细节，精听遍数不限，直到完全听懂为止。

泛听的遍数，由材料难度和自己的程度来决定，得一般不要超过三遍否则就失去了泛听的意义，泛听时，不宜中间打断，要一气呵成，精听则可在句子之间或困难之处停下机器，倒带重听。兴泛不精，会养成似是而非，不求甚解的习惯，反之，则见树不见林，抓不住大意。所以这两种训练哪一种也不应偏废。

(2)听力训练应培养的能力和从上下文猜字的能力，在听力训练过程中，往往会碰到听不清或听不懂的情况，原因很多，有进是由于说话人发音不清楚或录音效果不好，有时是因为出现了生词或内容陌生的缘故，这就要靠抓字音及从上下文猜字的能力来解决问题。比如:我们初次听《薄雪花》(EDE LWEISS)这首歌时，可能对其中两处的歌产生疑问，一是“You look happy to meet me”。有人会认为是 “You look happy to me，to me ”。但若仔细多听，就会发现 meet me 连读时[t]音部分失去爆破，并不和me 相连。另一难点是“Blossom of snow，may you bloom and grow”这句歌词中，blossom 一字由于节拍关系，唱得快，[l]音听不清楚，再加上和后面的of连读，给听者造成很大困难，这时需要运用猜字的能力，从上下文进行分析，这是一首关于白色花的歌曲，后面的动词中又有bloom(开放)这个词，只有blossom(花朵)这个词才比较合适，况且只有blossom这个词包含和[sm]这两个从录音带上可以辨认的声音，这样问题迎刃而解，所以，碰到类似情况时，首先要记住能听清的声音，然后根据上，下文的内容和语法关系提供的线索来进行推测，如果可能的话，还可以根据字音查一下字典，这一能力的培养是听力训练中很关键的一个环节，对独立工作，摆脱困难至关重要。

2)排除杂音和各种干扰的能力：为国培养这一能力，要多听新闻广播，听那些看不见说话人口形的录音报告，要逐渐适应人们说话加上“well”，“eh”之类填充语

(hesitation fillers)的习惯，以及有时说了一半忽然转念另起一句话的现象，还要努力做到能把录音不清楚的一词半语，或者讲演者降低声音，很快一带而过的词句正确地补充出来。

3)要有适应英国音，美国音及一些主要方言的能力：听力训练可以采取从一种音入手，再逐步过渡到另一种音的办法。为了更快的掌握听好英国音和美国音的能力，学习者可以主动归纳或对比两种英语在发音，语调上的差别，以便更好地渡过这一关。如美国人在or，er等组合字母后面还要加上[r]音:doctor[ ](英音)，[ ](美音):把[a:]音发为[ ]音:can't[ka:nt](英音)，[k nt](美音)等发音特点。对英格兰北部，苏格兰地区有此特殊的发音和用字，以及美国黑人英语，澳大利亚，新西兰英语中的一些变异现象，如无特殊需要，一般可以不练，不学。但适当有一些了解，听一，两个样品录音也有好处。

(3)听力训练的时间安排：听力训练需要思想高度集中，故时间安排以每天精神最佳时候为宜。而且，时间不宜过长，第要连续听一小时以上。听力又是习惯成自然的技巧训练，所以每天安排一段时间。不能三天打鱼，两天晒网，更不能听一段时间后，就一扔半年，一年。

(4)听力测试方法 听力测试有各种形式，可根据本人程度及训练目的，找一些合适的附，有测试题的听力教材做些练习，考核水平

第五篇：英语听力文章

Pope Francis Represents Firsts for Catholics

From VOA Learning English, this is IN THE NEWS in Special English.这里是美国之音慢速英语新闻报道。

Former Argentine Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio has become the first Latin American to be elected leader of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church.阿根廷前枢机主教豪尔赫·贝尔高利奥（Jorge Bergoglio）成为了首位当选全球天主教会领导人的拉丁美洲人。

At least 77 of the Catholic Church's 115 cardinals chose the new Pope during a vote in the Vatican in Rome.The new leader, called Pope Francis, later joked to the public that the cardinals went almost to the end of the earth to find a new Pope.天主教会的115位枢机主教中至少有77位在罗马梵蒂冈的这次投票中将票投给了这位新教皇。这位被称为教皇弗朗西斯的新任领导人随后向公众开玩笑说，枢机主教们为了寻找新教皇几乎踏遍了天涯海角。

He follows Pope Emeritus Benedict in office.The former pope resigned the position because, at age 85, he said he lacked the strength to continue his work.他将继任教皇本笃十六世的职位。教皇本笃十六世辞去了这一职位，因为他说以他85岁的高龄无力继续担任教皇。

On Thursday, Pope Francis led his first Mass as Pope for the cardinals who elected him.He urged them to remain faithful to the Gospel, the teachings of those who follow Jesus Christ, and avoid modern desires.周四，教皇弗朗西斯为选举他的枢机主教们主持了作为教皇的首次弥撒。他督促他们继续忠于福音，忠于那些信奉耶稣基督者的教导，并避免现代的欲望。

Pope Francis was born Jorge Mario Bergolio in Buenos Aires, Argentina on December 17, 1936 to immigrant Italian parents.In 1960 he earned a philosophy degree from the Catholic University in Buenos Aires.Later he received a master's degree in chemistry at the University of Buenos Aires.He officially became a priest in 1969.For many years he taught in Catholic schools and schools for priests-in-training.Pope Francis became the new Archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998.He was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul Second in February of 2001.教皇弗朗西斯于1936年12月17日出生在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯的一个意大利移民家庭，其全名为豪尔赫·马里奥·贝尔高利奥（Jorge Mario Bergolio）。1960年，他在布宜诺斯艾利斯的天主教大学获得哲学学位，随后在布宜诺斯艾利斯大学获得化学硕士学位。1969年他正式成为一名神父。多年来他一直在天主教学校和神父培训学校教学。1998年教皇弗朗西斯成为布宜诺斯艾利斯的新任大主教。2001年2月，他被教皇约翰·保罗二世（Pope John Paul Second）任命为枢机主教。

Pope Francis is known for his conservative beliefs.Argentina became the first Latin American country to make same-sex marriage legal in 2010.At that time, he called on priests across the nation to urge Catholics to protest.He said the legislation would be harmful to the family.But, even though he opposes homosexuality, he has called for respect toward people who love others of the same sex.教皇弗朗西斯因其保守信念而著称。2010年，阿根廷成为首个同性婚姻合法的拉美国家。当时，他要求全阿根廷的神父督促天主教徒对此抗议。他说，这项立法会伤害家庭。但是，即使他反对同性恋，他还是呼吁尊重同性恋人士。As a priest and cardinal, Pope Francis also became known for his simple lifestyle, personal humility and commitment to social justice.作为神父和枢机主教，教皇弗朗西斯还因其生活俭朴、为人谦逊以及承诺社会公正而著称。Pope Francis is the first Jesuit to be elected to lead the church.Jesuits are known for their commitment to the poor.教皇弗朗西斯是当选领导教会的首位耶稣会会士。耶稣会会士以其承诺清贫而著称。Catholic Church expert Father Thomas Reese says Pope Francis rose through church leadership in Argentina while continuing a simple life.天主教会专家托马斯·里斯神父说，教皇弗朗西斯在阿根廷教会领导层升职期间任然过着简朴生活。

“He takes his vow of poverty very seriously.He refused to live in the Bishop's palace, he moved to a very simple apartment, cooked his own meals and he didn't want the chauffeur-driven limousine that the bishop normally had.” “他将清贫的誓约看得很重。他拒绝住进主教宫殿，而是搬到一个非常简单的公寓，自己做饭，也拒绝了主教通常都有的配备司机的豪华轿车。

This week, after holding his first Mass, the new Pope requested guards to take him to the hotel where he was staying so he could pay his bill and collect his suitcases.本周，在他主持了首次弥撒后，这位新教皇让警卫带他到他所住的酒店去支付账单和收拾行李。

The former Cardinal Bergolio is the first to choose Francis as his papal name.In doing so, Pope Francis has linked himself with the 13th century Italian priest who led his life in poverty, the man who became known as Saint Francis of Assisi.前枢机主教贝尔高利奥是首位选择弗朗西斯作为教皇名字的人。这样做，教皇弗朗西斯将自己和13世纪甘于清贫的意大利神父联系了起来，那名神父就是有名的圣·方济各。Next week, the new Pope will be officially installed.下周，新教皇将正式就职。

奥巴马访中东 促巴以恢复和谈

President Barack Obama will use his trip to Israel, the occupied West Bank, and Jordan to address Israelis and Palestinians about reviving peace efforts.Iran's nuclear program and Syria's civil war are also on the agenda.奥巴马总统在访问以色列、被占领的约旦河西岸和约旦期间将敦促以色列和巴勒斯坦人恢复和平努力。他还会谈到伊朗核项目以及叙利亚内战的问题。

Obama last visited Israel in 2008 as a senator and presidential candidate.Now, he returns as a two-term president, but has been unsuccessful in overcoming obstacles to Middle East peace.奥巴马总统上次访问以色列是在2008，当时他是参议员和总统候选人。现在他已是连任的美国总统，但一直没能成功地克服中东和平障碍。

He will carry no new peace initiative, but will deliver a message.奥巴马这次不会提出新的和平计划，但会向巴以双方表明立场。

“That peace between the Israelis and Palestinians remains a priority of the president,” said White House Deputy Press Secretary Josh Earnest.“That's something that he isready to strongly support if that dialogue is ready to take off.” 白宫发言人厄内斯特说：“以色列和巴勒斯坦之间的和平仍然是总统最关心的问题。如果他们准备开始对话，奥巴马总统和美国随时大力支持。”

The United States supports two states, Israel and Palestine, living peacefully alongside each other.But Obama's relationship with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been strained, especially over Israeli settlements in the occupied territories.美国支持以色列和巴勒斯坦作为两个国家和平共存，但是奥巴马总统和以色列总理内塔尼亚胡的关系紧张，特别是在以色列在被占领区修建定居点的问题上。

Obama will reassure both sides that he supports their rights, and their security, says Neil Kritz of the U.S.Institute for Peace.The stakes are high.美国和平研究所的尼尔.克利茨说，奥巴马会再次向巴以双方保证美国支持他们的权利和安全，这件事赌注很高。

“For this president, one of the key challenges will be at what point does a two-state solution become more difficult to achieve.He does not want to have as his legacy, being in his term the two-state solution was lost as an option,” he said.克利茨说：“对总统来说，一个重要的挑战是，两国共存的解决办法在什么时候会变得更难以实现。奥巴马不希望两国共存这个解决办法在他任职期间变得毫无可能。他不想让这成为他的政治遗产。”

Obama was re-elected in November with 69 percent of the Jewish vote, despite Mitt Romneyquestioning his commitment to Israel.奥巴马去年11月再次当选总统。虽然其竞争对手罗姆尼质疑他是否坚决支持以色列，但是69%的犹太裔美国人投了奥巴马的票。

“This president, as was shown in election after election, has been a true friend of the Jewish people, and American Jewish voters have shown him that,” said Aaron Keyak, executive director of the National Jewish Democratic Council, which was invited to a recent discussion with the president.阿伦.克亚克是全国犹太裔民主党人理事会的执行主任，该组织最近应邀与奥巴马讨论中东问题。阿伦.克亚克说：“一次次选举表明，奥巴马总统是犹太人民的真正朋友。犹太裔美国人也向他显示，我们认为他是真正的朋友。”

Eric Fusfield of B’nai Brith International calls Obama's Mideast visit an opportunity to see what is really happening on the ground.圣约信徒国际理事会的埃里克.福斯菲尔德认为，奥巴马的中东之行会让他有机会看到那里究竟发生着什么。

“There is really no substitute for face-to-face contact, people at the grassroots level, seeing and feeling what's happening in Israel today,” he said.他说：“什么也代替不了面对面的接触，和基层民众接触，看到和感受到以色列的现状。” Several Arab-American groups also came to the White House, including the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.Its president, Warren David, says Arab Americans told Obama they're disappointed in the lack of progress toward a Palestinian state.阿拉伯裔美国人反歧视委员会等几个阿拉伯裔美国人团体最近也应邀前往白宫，阿拉伯裔美国人反歧视委员会的主席沃伦.大卫说，阿拉伯裔美国人告诉奥巴马，他们对巴勒斯坦人建国缺乏进展感到失望。

“I said point blank, I am hoping that you are going to leave a legacy, and that this is something that you will accomplish as president.And I would have to tell you that in the beginning I was very, very pessimistic, but I left being a little more optimistic because of what the president said, what his advisers said,” he said.他说：“我直截了当地说，我希望你作为总统能促成这件事，留下这个遗产。一开始我非常悲观，在听到总统及其顾问谈话后，我有些乐观了。”

David says Arab Americans told Obama they hope there will finally be peace between Israel and the Palestinians.大卫说，阿拉伯裔美国人告诉奥巴马总统，他们希望以色列人和巴勒斯坦人之间最终会实现和平。

奥巴马结束对以色列和约旦河西岸的访问

U.S.President Barack Obama is winding down a visit to Israel and the West Bank that has included talks with Israeli and Palestinian leaders and calls for the two sides to resume peace efforts.美国总统奥巴马即将结束对以色列和约旦河西岸的访问，他在访问期间与以色列和巴勒斯坦领导人举行了会谈，并敦促以巴双方恢复和平努力。

Mr.Obama on Friday called for tolerance against others in a visit to Israel's Holocaust memorial.奥巴马星期五在参观以色列的大屠杀纪念馆时发表讲话，呼吁人们相互容忍。

Mr.Obama and Mr.Netanyahu are expected to have one more meeting before Mr.Obama departs for Jordan.The two men are likely to discuss Mr.Obama's Thursday speech in Jerusalem, where he said peace with the Palestinians is the “only path to true security.” 奥巴马在前往约旦之前将和以色列总理内塔尼亚胡再次会晤。他们俩人可能讨论奥巴马星期四在耶路撒冷发表的讲演。奥巴马在讲演中说，同巴勒斯坦实现和平是“实现真正安全的唯一途径”。

Mr.Obama said Israeli leaders must recognize that “continued settlement activity” on land the Palestinians claim for a state is “counterproductive.” Mr.Obama also said he believes Israel has a genuine peace partner in Palestinian President Abbas.奥巴马说，以色列领导人必须理解，继续在巴勒斯坦人宣称建国的土地上兴建定居点会起到“反作用”。奥巴马还表示，他相信巴勒斯坦权力机构主席阿巴斯是以色列的真正和平伙伴。

美国最低工资标准与妇女

President Obama's recent calls to raise the federally mandated minimum wage in the United Stateshas galvanized activists on labor issues, including those who note the wage boost would especially benefit women.美国总统奥巴马最近提出提高美国的最低工资标准，从目前的每小时7.25美元增加到9美元。劳工活动人士说，提高最低工资标准对妇女更有益。

Activists in the United States are pressing the government to boost the minimum wage.美国劳工活动人士一直在要求政府提高最低工资标准。

President Obama supported this call in a recent televised address.奥巴马总统最近对这个要求表示支持：

“A family with two kids that earns the minimum wage still lives below the poverty line.That's wrong,” said President Obama.“父母挣最低工资的双子女家庭生活还在贫困线之下，这是不对的。”

While women make up about half of the U.S.workforce, they hold more than half of the nation's minimum-wage jobs, says Joan Entmacher of the National Women's Law Center.全国妇女法律中心的恩特马切尔说，女性占美国工作人口的大约一半，美国最低工资工作的多一半由女性承担：

“They're the people who serve you food in restaurants or prepare it behind the scenes,” said Entmacher.“They're the people who clean your offices at night after you go home or clean your hotel rooms.Those are the really low paid jobs, and they are overwhelmingly filled by women.” “妇女在饭馆里为客人服务，她们晚上在人们下班以后打扫办公室，她们打扫旅馆房间。这些都是低工资工作，这些工作大部分都是妇女在做。”

That is why women have the most to gain if the minimum wage is boosted, she says.恩特马切尔认为，提高最低工资标准对妇女最有好处：

“It's really important to women because two out of three minimum-wage workers are women,” she said.“But when women have more income, their families are better off, their children are better off, and the whole economy is better off because they have more money to spend, and that creates jobs for other people.” “当妇女有更多收入时，她们的家人会生活得更好，她们的孩子会得到更好的照顾，整个经济都会更好，因为妇女有更多可支配收入，会为其他人创造就业机会。”

It can be especially hard to make ends meet in a tight economy.Debra Z.Roth found low-wage work during the recession, after surgery and a layoff from her well-paid job.在经济不景气的时候，要照顾家庭的妇女会感到压力更大。罗斯原本收入不错，被裁员之后，她找了一份低工资工作。

“I have a lot of confidence about the things that I've done, but the way in which the loss of money and the inability to feel secure affected me and affects other people is like the ground was taken out from under me,” said Roth.她说：“我原本对自己的工作能力很有自信。但收入减少以及随之而来的不安全感影响了我，就好象是双脚突然踏不到实地了。”

Now, Roth holds a job in her field-communications chief at the Washington-based Wider Opportunities for Women.She identifies with its aim to help women become financially secure, recalling her own struggle with low-wage living.现在，罗斯在华盛顿的“妇女发展机遇”机构负责外联工作，这个机构的目标是帮助妇女获得经济上的安全感。罗斯忘不了她挣最低工资时的情景：

“I ended up coming home at the end of the day and counting tips and so forth and realizing, 'I can't do this.I'm wasting my time.I should be doing more to get a job that I can actually live on,” she said.“I cannot afford my rent.'” “我每天下班回家，先算算自己挣了多少小费，然后对自己说，我不能这样下去，我这是在浪费时间。我必须得找一个能养活自己、能有钱交房租的工作。” Workers have not seen the federal minimum wage increase since 2009.美国联邦最低工资标准自2009年起一直没有提高。