第一篇：天坛中英文介绍
The Temple of Heaven
Introduction:
The Temple of Heaven was the place where the Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties would worship Heaven and pray for bumper crops.Built first in 1420(the 18th year of Emperor Yongle’s reign of the Ming Dynasty), and then expanded and reconstructed during the Ming Emperor Jiajing’s reign and Qing Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the Temple of Heaven is a grand and magnificent masterpiece of architecture with a formal and solemn environment.Since the founding of New China, the government has allotted a great sum of money to protect and restore the cultural monuments there.The Temple of Heaven with its long history, deep cultural content and magnificent architectural style mirrors the ancient culture of the Orient.In the Temple of Heaven are situated such main buildings as the Hall of Prayer for Good harvests, the Hall of Heavenly Emperor, the Circular Mound, the Imperial Vault of Heaven, the Abstinence Hall, the Beamless Hall, the Long Corridor, the Longevity Pavilion in a double ring shape as well as the Echo Wall, the Three Echo Stones, and the Seven Meteoric Stones.The Temple of Heaven is the largest architectural group for worshipping Heaven in the world.In 1961, it was listed by the State Council as “one of the key monuments under the state protection”.In 1998, it was recognized by the UNESCO as “one of the human heritages of the world”.天坛始建于明永乐十八年（1420年），总面积273公顷，经明嘉靖、清乾隆等朝增建、改建，建筑宏伟壮丽，环境庄严肃穆，是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”、“祈谷”的场所，坛域北呈圆形，南为方形，寓意“天圆地方”。四周环筑坛墙两道，把全坛分为内坛、外坛两部分，主要建筑集中于内坛。坛内主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、圜丘、皇穹宇、斋宫、无梁殿、长廊等，还有回音壁、三音石、七星石等名胜古迹。天坛集明、清建筑技艺之大成，是中国古建珍品，是世界上最大的祭天建筑群。1998年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”。
第二篇：北京天坛中英文导游词
北京天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣坛,也是我国现存最大的一处坛庙建筑。下面就是小编跟大家分享北京天坛中英文导游词，欢迎大家阅读！
The temple of heaven in Beijing is located in the southeast of Beijing outer urban, the imperial palace south by east, outside the qianmen east, the Ming dynasty in the eighteenth year of yongle(1420), is the ancient Chinese emperors of the Ming and qing dynasties all previous dynasties.The building complex is a place where emperors worship heaven, creating a symbolic link to strengthen the hierarchy of Confucius' society.The total area of 273 hectares is the building of the emperors of the Ming and qing dynasties used to “pray for heaven”.Temple of Heaven in 1961, the state council promulgated the Temple of Heaven as “the national key cultural relic protection unit”;Recognized by UNESCO as a “world heritage site” in 1998;In 2009, the temple of heaven in Beijing was selected by the China world records association, China's largest living emperor.The main attractions
Circular mound altar altar
Circular mound altar altar, also known as worship, worship the tiantai, altar, is an open-air three-layer circular stone altar, as the emperor worship place on the winter solstice, built during Ming jiajing nine years(in 1530), the qing emperor qianlong(1749)the expansion of fourteen years.The circumference of the altar is 534 meters, the altar is 5.2 meters high, and the number of columns and steps of each floor of the top and middle and lower levels are all in Yang(also known as “number of days”, which is a multiple of nine), and the symbol “jiu5”.The jars were lined with aiye.The surface of the jars is round and round, and all the surrounding circles are fans, and the number is also Yang.Each layer has a han-white marble column, which is a multiple of 9.The circular SLATE of the top center is called the solarite or the tianxin stone, and the sound wave will be reflected by the nearby panels to form a significant echo.In ancient China, the number of the singular is called the Yang number, and the double number is called the Yin number.In the number of Yang, the number 9 is “the pole of Yang number”, which indicates that the height of the celestial body is called “the number of days”.The ancients believed that nine is the pole of the Yang number, which indicates that the emperor is the son of heaven and the height of the emperor.Therefore, the whole circular mound altar USES the nine multiple to represent the authority of the heavenly son.The column of the circular mound and the number of steps, etc., are multiples of 9 or 9.The outer layer of the top round SLATE is a fanburning stove, a kiln, an oven, and a platform.North of the altar, there is a royal dry temple, with a width of five, originally placed the ancestor god card, later the card displacement to the temple.The altar also has a prayer gate, the god library, the god cook, the slaughter house, the walk and the corridor and other ancillary buildings.On the south side of the corridor there are seven stars stone, which is the stone of the jiajing period.The main building of the temple of heaven is the hall of prayer, which was built in the eighteenth year of Ming dynasty(1420).Every year, the emperor held a memorial service here, praying for good weather and good harvest.QiNianDian assumes the circular, diameter of 32 meters, QiNianDian 38 meters high, is a three double-hipped roof on the top of the gold treasure of a circular hall, temple eaves color deep blue, is blue glazed tile paving, because the day is blue, the symbol to day.The hall of prayer is excellent in architecture, and the hall of prayer, with 28 nanmu pillars and 36 links, is supported by the eaves of the three layers.The pillars have different symbolic meanings: the four pillars of the center are called the stud, representing the four seasons.The middle twelve pillars representing twelve months;The outer 12 eaves, representing the twelfth hour;The outer layers add up to 24 solar terms.The three layers add up to 28, representing 28 stars.The eight children's pillars on the top of the pillars represent 36 days gang;Baoding the thunder pillar, on behalf of the emperor.Its ancillary buildings include the imperial hall of the emperor, the year of the Lord, the god library, the kitchen of god, the slaughter house, the burnt wood stove, the garden, the table, the walk, and the 72 corridors.The square on the south side of the corridor has seven stars stone with carved mountain cloud pattern, which is the town stone laid in the Ming jiajing.This hall is located in the area of 5900 square meters of the round white jade platform, the platform is divided into 3 layers, the height is 6 meters, each layer has the hanbai jade baluster of carved flowers.This base and hall are inseparable art.When visitors across a front door of QiNianDian, to look and see the straight tube, extended to the south, along the porch of the gate, the smaller the farther, the distant end, have a feeling that came down from heaven.No wonder that a French architectural experts said after a visit to the temple of heaven: skyscrapers than QiNianDian much higher, but not QiNianDian that tall and profound artistic conception, reach QiNianDian height of art.The hall was burned and burned by lightning in 1889(15 years after the qing dynasty).It was said that the main columns of the temple were made of aloes wood, and when burned, the scent of the fragrance could be smelled outside of it.The next year, the emperor summoned the princes to discuss the restoration of the hall of prayer.Because can't find the pattern, in charge of the national construction affairs ministry kept once participated in the temple praying to the repair of the craftsmen were summoned, according to memory, oral, let them produce pattern, construction again.Therefore, the present prayer hall is the building of the qing dynasty guangxu period, but the basic building form, structure and the appearance of the Ming dynasty.Kowloon sunk panel
In the hall of prayer, the ceiling is a delicate “Kowloon caisson”, and longjing column is painted with gold.There is a plane inside the central circular marble, the decorative pattern on the end, is naturally formed longfeng pattern, a row dragon holding a phoenix, this is the “longfeng stone”, namely “in extremely good fortune”.Legend has it that the stone was originally only the phoenix pattern, but the top of the temple only had carved dragons, the older days, the dragon, the phoenix had the inspiration, the golden dragon often flies down to the phoenix to seek the phoenix.Only found one day to worship the emperor jiajing, bow to bow down on the stone, jinlong to fly back, together with the stone of the phoenix was emperor jiajing press it into a boulder, can no longer, since then became a deep shallow longfeng stone.When the house of prayer was burned in 1889, the dragon and phoenix stone was burned by the fire for a day and night.Although the stones were not burnt, the dragon grain was burnt to a light black, and the phoenix lines were blurred.In front of the hall, there are nine rooms of the east and west, which are called the east and west sides.God worship in Ming dynasty, in addition to offering prayers to god, but also with the royal family their ancestors, as well as day, month, five star, east, west, south, north, the big five yue, five township, five small yue, all four blaspheme(lakes), of the thunderstorm, mountains and rivers, tai sui, Taoism and so on various gods and every emperor, etc.Borrow from QiNianDian manner running, the sixth Beijing park festival will be opened in the temple of heaven QiNianDian on August 18, “ten interactive fitness competition”, “ten red movie retrospective”, “top ten brand” of the people's livelihood service hundreds of events such as weaving, give citizens rich cultural feast.The hall of abstinence
The palace is located in the west altar, covering an area of about 40,000 square meters and a double wall.There are 167 corridors around the inner wall.It is the guards' shelter.The main hall is one of the five famous buildings in Beijing.The top is covered with a blue glazed tile, indicating that you dare not call it before heaven.The front patio of the temple is equipped with a pavilion of inscriptions and a bronze pavilion of fasting, a bronze height of 1.5 ruler, wearing the ancient style of official clothes, holding a moment of “fasting” in the bronze medal, the legend of the tang dynasty prime minister wei zheng system(wei zheng is known for daring to admonish).After the main hall is five bedtimes, for the emperor to worship the place of the fast.Dan pursuit bridge
The danba bridge is also known as hai stud road, which is a broad path through the north-south and series central axis.It is built with white stone.Dani bridge north of the valley of prayer, south of circular mound altar, 360 meters long and 29 wide.Four meters, south is low north.In the road, the “Shinto road”, left “the imperial road”, right “wang dao”(accompany the courson road).Avenue, a east-west coupons hole under the call into the shape of the door, every time a sacrifice, all the “sacrifice” tied up with yellow wool, with wooden bowl sheng live fish, drums and through the door “, so the hole is also called the gate of hell.Seven star stone
Seven stars in the square on the east end of the corridor, there are eight large stones.It was said that when the Ming dynasty was founded in Beijing, it wanted to find a place to worship.One night, the gate of heaven was open, and the big dipper fell here, so it was built in heaven.In fact, these stones are very ordinary.In the nine years of Ming jiajing(1530), a Taoist priest said that the place was too empty for the emperor and huang shou.The qing dynasty added a stone to the northeast, indicating that it did not forget its ancestral home.The long corridor
The long corridor is also called the 72nd corridor, which is the link between god's kitchen and the god's kitchen, and also the main road to the hall of prayer.There were seventy-two in the gallery, and seventy in a second.The old legend was the place where the evil spirits gathered, and the shadows were whirling outside the window.Now the long corridor window can all be dismantled, become a beautiful and bright corridor, it is the good place for the tourist to rest the cool
well，that is all for this tour.thank you for your attention.i look forward to your next visit.good luck and bon voyage.北京天坛
北京天坛地处原北京外城的东南部，故宫正南偏东，正阳门外东侧，始建于明朝永乐十八年（1420年），是中国古代明、清两朝历代皇帝祭天之地。这个建筑综合体是帝王祭天的场所，它创造了一个象征性的联系，来加强孔子的社会的等级制度。总面积为273公顷，是明清两代帝王用以“祭天”“祈谷”的建筑。天坛（Temple of Heaven）1961年，国务院公布天坛为“全国重点文物保护单位”；1998年被联合国教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”；2009年，北京天坛入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇帝祭天建筑。
主要景点
圜丘坛
圜丘坛又称祭天台、拜天台、祭台，是一座露天的三层圆形石坛，为皇帝冬至祭天的地方，始建于明嘉靖九年（1530年），清乾隆十四年（1749年）扩建。坛周长534米，坛高5.2米，分上、中、下三层，各层栏板望柱及台阶数目均用阳数（又称“天数”，即九的倍数），符”九五"之尊。坛面用艾叶青石砌就。坛面除中心石是圆形外，外围各圈均为扇面形，数目也是阳数。每层都有汉白玉栏板望柱，均为9的倍数。顶层中心的圆形石板叫做太阳石或者天心石，站在其上呼喊或敲击，声波会被近旁的栏板反射，形成显着的回音。
古代中国将单数称作阳数，双数称作阴数。在阳数中，数字9是“阳数之极”，表示天体的至高至大，叫作“天数”。古人认为九是阳数之极，表示至高至大，皇帝是天子，也至高至大，所以整个圜丘坛都采用九的倍数来表示天子的权威。圜丘坛的栏板望柱和台阶数等，处处是9或者9的倍数。顶层圆形石板的外层是扇面形石块，共有9层。最内一层有9块石块，而每往外一层就递增9块，中下层亦是如此。三层栏板的数量分别是上屋栏板72块，中层108块，下层180块，合360周天度数。三层坛面的直径总和为45丈，除了是9的倍数外，还暗含“九五之尊”的寓意。
圜丘坛外有两重围墙，内圆外方，四面各辟棂星门一座。西南角有望灯台三座（南北二座只余遗迹），东南角有燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛东还有神库、神厨、宰牲亭、祭器库、乐器库和棕建库等附属建筑。
皇穹宇
圜丘坛以北是皇穹宇，皇穹宇院落位于圜丘坛外壝北侧，坐北朝南，圆形围墙，南面设三座琉璃门，主要建筑有皇穹宇和东西配殿，是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所。祭天时使用的祭祀神牌都存放在这里。它始建于嘉靖九年（1530年），初名泰神殿，十七年（1538年）起改称皇穹宇。乾隆十七年（1752年）重修后为鎏金宝顶单檐攒尖顶建筑，用蓝色琉璃瓦铺设屋顶，象征青天。大殿直径15.6米，高19.02米，由八根金柱和八根檐柱共同支撑起巨大的殿顶，三层天花藻井层层收进，构造精巧。殿正中有汉白玉雕花的圆形石座，供奉“皇天上帝”牌位，左右配享皇帝祖先的神牌。正殿东西各有配殿，分别供奉日月星辰和云雨雷电等诸神牌位。整个殿宇的外观状似圆亭，坐落在2米多高的汉白玉须弥座台基上，周围均设石护栏。另外，在皇穹宇殿前到大门中间的石板路上，由北向南的三块石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇门窗关闭而且附近没有障碍的情况下，站立于第一块石板上击掌，可听到回音一声；于第二块石板上击掌，可听到回音两声；于第三块石板上击掌，可听到回音三声。
回音壁是皇穹宇的围墙。墙高3.72米，厚0.9米，直径61.5米，周长193.2米。墙壁是用磨砖对缝砌成的，墙头覆着蓝色琉璃瓦。围墙的弧度十分规则，墙面极其光滑整齐，对声波的折射是十分规则的。只要两个人分别站在东、西配殿后，贴墙而立，一个人靠墙向北说话，声波就会沿着墙壁连续折射前进，传到一、二百米的另一端，无论说话声音多小，也可以使对方听得清清楚楚，而且声音悠长，堪称奇趣，给人造成一种“天人感应”的神秘气氛。所以称之为“回音壁”。
祈年殿
祈年殿在天坛的北部，也称为祈谷坛，原名大祈殿、大享殿，始建于明永乐十八年（1420年），是天坛最早的建筑物。乾隆十六年（1751年）修缮后，改名为祈年殿。光绪十五年（1889年）毁于雷火，数年后按原样重建。目前的祈年殿是一座直径32.72米的圆形建筑，鎏金宝顶蓝瓦三重檐攒尖顶，层层收进，总高38米。
祈年殿的殿座就是圆形的祈谷坛，三层6米高，气势巍峨。坛周有矮墙一重，东南角设燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛北有皇干殿，面阔五间，原先放置祖先神牌，后来牌位移至太庙。坛边还有祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、走牲路和长廊等附属建筑。长廊南面的广场上有七星石，是嘉靖年间放置的镇石。
天坛的主体建筑是祈年殿，始建于明永乐十八年（1420年）。皇帝每年都在这里举行祭天仪式，祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登。祈年殿呈圆形，直径32米，祈年殿高38米，是一座有鎏金宝顶的三重檐的圆形大殿，殿檐颜色深蓝，是用蓝色琉璃瓦铺砌的，因为天是蓝色的，以此来象征天。
祈年殿在建筑上出色之处是，祈年殿用28根楠木大柱和36块互相衔接的榜、桷，支撑着三层连体的殿檐。这些大柱有不同的象征意义：中央四柱叫通天柱，代表四季；中层十二根金柱，代表十二个月；外层十二根檐柱，代表十二时辰；中外层相加二十四根代表二十四节气；三层相加二十八根，代表二十八星宿；加柱顶八根童柱，代表三十六天罡；宝顶下雷公柱，代表皇帝一统天下。其附属建筑有皇乾殿、祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、燔柴炉、瘗坎、具服台、走牲路及72间长廊等。长廊南面的广场上有七星石，石上镂刻山形云纹图案，是明嘉靖时放置的镇石。
这座大殿坐落在面积达5900多平方米的圆形汉白玉台基上，台基分3层，高6米，每层都有雕花的汉白玉栏杆。这个台基与大殿是不可分的艺术整体。当游人跨出祈年殿的大门，往南望去，只见那条笔直的甬道，往南伸去，一路上门廊重重，越远越小，极目无尽，有一种从天上下来的感觉。难怪一位法国的建筑专家在游览了天坛之后说：摩天大厦比祈年殿高得多，但却没有祈年殿那种高大与深邃的意境，达不到祈年殿的艺术高度。这座大殿在1889年（清光绪十五年）被雷击起火焚毁，据说，当时殿的大柱是用沉香木做的，燃烧时，清香的气味，数里之外都可以闻到。翌年，皇帝召集群臣商量重建祈年殿。因找不到图样，掌管国家建筑事务的工部便把曾经参加过祈所殿修缮事务的工匠们召集来，让他们根据记忆、口述制成图样，再施工建造。因此，现在的祈年殿是清代光绪年间的建筑，但是，基本建筑形式、结构，还保留着明代的样子。
九龙藻井
祈年殿内，天花板处是精致的“九龙藻井”，龙井柱则是描金彩绘。殿内中央有一块平面圆形大理石，石面上的花纹，是自然形成的龙凤花纹，一条行龙抱着一只凤凰，这便是“龙凤石”，即“龙凤呈祥”。相传，这块石头上原来只有凤纹，而殿顶藻井内只有雕龙，年长日久，龙、凤有了灵感，金龙常常飞下来找凤石上的凤凰寻欢。不料有一天正遇见嘉靖皇帝来祭天，在石上跪拜行礼，金龙来不及飞回去，和石上的凤凰一起被嘉靖皇帝压进圆石里面，再也无法出来，从此才变成一深一浅的龙凤石。1889年祈年殿被焚烧时，这块龙凤石被烈火熏烧了一个昼夜，石块虽未被烧碎，但龙纹被烧成浅黑色，凤纹被烧得模糊不清。祈年殿前有东、西配殿各九间，称东庑和西庑，是收藏配神牌位的库房。明代祭天时，除祭祷皇天上帝外，还要配祭皇族朱氏祖先，以及日、月五星，东、西、南、北、中的五大岳，五小岳的五镇，四海四渎（河湖）、风云雷雨、山川、太岁、道教等各神祗和历代帝王等。
借于祈年殿的气势巍峨，第六届北京公园节将于8月18日在天坛祈年殿开幕，“十项互动健身竞赛”、“十部红色电影回顾展”、“十大服务民生品牌”等百余项活动交织登场，为市民献上丰富的文化盛宴。
斋宫
斋宫位于西坛门内，占地约四万平方米，双重围墙，内墙四周有廊167间，是卫士们避风雨处，正殿为五间无梁殿，是京城著名建筑之一。顶部用蓝色琉璃瓦覆盖，表示在天之前不敢称尊。殿前露台上设有时辰碑亭和斋戒铜人亭，铜人高1．5尺，身穿古代文官服，手持一刻有“斋戒”二字的铜牌，相传是仿唐朝宰相魏征而制（魏征以敢谏著称）。正殿后是五间寝宫，为皇帝祭祀前斋戒的地方。
丹陛桥
丹陛桥又叫海墁大道，是一条贯通南北、串联中轴线上建筑的宽广甬路，以白石筑成。丹陛桥北连祈谷坛，南接圜丘坛，长360米，宽29．4米，南低北高。路面中为“神道”，左为“御道”，右为“王道”（陪臣走的路）。大道下有一东西走向的券洞，叫进牲门，每次祭祀，都用黄绒线将“牲”捆好，用木盆盛活鱼，击鼓奏乐穿门而过，因此此洞也叫鬼门关。
七星石
七星石在长廊东端的广场上，有八块巨石。传 说明代建都北京时想寻找一祭天场所，一天夜里，天门大开，北斗七星落于此地，于是在此建天坛祀 天。其实这些石头极为普通，明嘉靖九年（1530 年），有一道士说这里太空旷，不利于皇位和皇寿，就设七石镇在这里。清朝又在东北方加一石头，表示不忘祖籍。
长廊
长廊也叫七十二廊，既是联接神库、神厨等处的纽带，也是通往祈年殿的主道。该廊有七十二间，又叫七十二连房。旧时传说是七十二地煞鬼聚集的地方，窗外松影婆娑，阴森可怖。现在长廊窗坎全部被拆除，成了一条美丽豁亮的通廊，是游人休息纳凉的好去处
第三篇：天坛景点介绍
• 景点介绍 • 亮点
• 1.世界上最大的祭天建筑群，徜徉其中，欣赏其建筑艺术的精巧奇特。• 2.观赏中国祭天礼仪，感受古代帝王祭天的庄严宏大场面。•
• 天坛位于北京正阳门东南方向，为明、清两朝皇帝祭天、求雨和祈祷丰年的专用祭坛，是世界上现存规模最大、最完美的古代祭天建筑群。坛域北呈圆形，南为方形，寓意“天圆地方”。四周环筑坛墙两道，把整个天坛分为内坛、外坛两部分，祈年殿、回音壁等耳熟能详的建筑都位于内坛。•
• 内坛以宫墙分为南北两部分，北部为“祈谷坛”，是皇帝在春季举行祈谷大典的场所，祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登，主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、东西配殿、祈年门、神厨、宰牲亭、七十二长廊等。南部为“圜丘坛”，是一座露天的三层圆形石坛，为皇帝冬至日祭天的地方，主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇及配殿、神厨、三库及宰牲亭等。连接两坛的是一条长360米、宽28米、高2.5米的砖石台，称为“神道”，又称“海墁大道”，也叫“丹陛桥”，寓意着上天庭要经过的漫长道路。•
• 游玩天坛，除了观赏各殿堂的精巧建筑、追寻古代帝王祭天的宏大场面外，回音壁、三音石等奇巧的设计也一样令人慨叹古人的智慧。在皇穹宇殿前到大门中间的石板路上，由北向南的三块石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇门窗关闭而且附近没有障碍的情况下，站立于第一块石板上击掌，可听到回音一声；于第二块石板上击掌，可听到回音两声；于第三块石板上击掌，可听到回音三声。•
• 单纯的参观，可能对古代帝王祭天仪式总是没有具体的概念。不要紧，设在祈年殿西配殿的祭天礼仪馆里详细介绍了中国祭天礼仪的演变过程，重点展示了清代祭天大典的礼仪情况，包括各种祭天礼器和祭天程序等，其中《清乾隆十三年大驾卤簿图》第一次展现了中国皇家最高仪仗的风貌，尤为精彩不可错过。而设在祈年殿东配殿的祭天乐舞馆则以编钟、编磬等清代中和韶乐的乐器实物，结合文字和图片，全面介绍了中和韶乐的历史沿革、乐舞制度、管理机构及祈谷大典时的演乐场面，使游人对祭天乐舞有直观和全面的了解。•
• 景点导览
• 天坛游览路线相对简单，一般可遵循南门进北门（或东门）出的方式。• 南门-圜丘-皇穹宇-丹陛桥-斋宫-神乐署-祈年殿-皇乾殿-长廊-北门（东门）•
• 天坛主要景点
• 圜丘又称祭天台、拜天台、祭台，是一座露天的三层圆形石坛，艾叶青石台面，汉白玉围栏。圜丘形圆如天，高三层，上层中心为一块圆石，外铺扇面形石块九圈，内圈九块，以九的倍数依次向外延展，栏板、望柱也都用九或九的倍数，象征“天”数。圜丘坛外有两重围墙，内圆外方，四面各辟棂星门一座。西南角有望灯台，东南角有燔柴炉、燎炉和具服台。坛东还有神库、神厨、宰牲亭、祭器库、乐器库和棕建库等附属建筑。•
• 皇穹宇位于圜丘坛北面，坐北朝南，主要建筑有皇穹宇主殿和东西配殿，是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所。整个殿宇的外观状似圆亭，坐落在2米多高的汉白玉须弥座台基上，周围均设石护栏。•
• 祈年殿是整个天坛的重心，是一座鎏金宝顶的三重檐圆形大殿，直径32米，高38米，殿檐用蓝色琉璃瓦铺成，象征碧蓝的天空。主体由28根楠木大柱支撑，环转排列。中间4根高19.2米、直径1.2米，称为龙井柱，象征一年四季，支撑上层屋檐；中间12根略细，称为金柱，象征一年十二个月，支撑第二层屋檐；外围12根称檐柱，象征一天的十二个时辰，支撑第三层屋檐。各个柱子描金彩绘，殿顶天花板为精致的“九龙藻井”图案，金碧辉煌。•
• 斋宫是皇帝举行祭天大典前进行斋戒的场所，位于祈年殿西南部，分内外两重。外层主要兼有防卫设施和钟楼，内层分前、中、后三部分。前部为正殿，后部是皇帝的寝宫，中部是太监的值守房。•
• 神乐署位于天坛西外坛，为明清时期演习祭祀礼乐的场所，曾被誉为明清两朝最高的礼乐学府。现在神乐署中常有古乐器演出，具体时间请查询官网新津旅游攻略 • 东方旅游攻略
第四篇：介绍北京天坛导游词
介绍北京天坛导游词
作为一名可信赖的导游人员，常常需要准备导游词，导游词作为一种解说的文体，它的作用是帮助游客在旅游的同时更好地理解所旅游的景点包含的文化背景和历史意义。那么写导游词需要注意哪些问题呢？以下是小编整理的介绍北京天坛导游词，欢迎大家分享。
介绍北京天坛导游词1各位游客：
大家好！
我是北京天坛导游―刘雪琪，大家可以叫我刘导。今天我将陪同大家观光游览北京天坛。
我们现在看见的就是天坛。天坛是明清两朝皇帝祭天、祈祷丰收的场所，也是我国现存最大的一处坛庙建筑，天坛东西长1700米，南北长1600米。总面积为273万平方米，并有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，象征“天圆地方”。
现在请大家跟我往里走。这里是祈年殿，它高38.2米，直径24.2米，坐北朝南，一整个大殿都是木质的，其中雕有金龙的四根代表春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。其余的代表十二个月和十二个时辰。
再往里走就是回音壁了，城壁使用磨砖砌成的，墙头覆盖着蓝色玻璃瓦。回音壁具有奇特的回音效果，一个人靠墙说话，传到一、二百米的另一端，对方听得清清楚楚，堪称奇趣，造成一种“天人感应”的神秘气氛。大家不防试一试。
请大家往回音壁的外围看，那是一株500余岁的桧柏，由于树干纹理非常的奇特，好像九条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以它叫九龙柏。大家可以和它合影留念。
各位游客朋友们，今天北京天坛一日游就快结束了，大家玩得开心吗?希望下次有机会还能为大家做导游。
介绍北京天坛导游词2各位游客：
大家好!
今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方天坛。
天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣殿，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北圆南方，寓意天圆地方。乾隆年间，将大祀殿改为现在祈年殿，将屋顶改为蓝色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
这一祭天圣地，在1860年遭遇了英法联军的洗劫，1900年又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏，新中国成立以后，这里成了著名的旅游景点，还有很多健身的人们。
现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的线路开始游览。
现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘坛有两道围护墙，外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组门，门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是皇帝专用的，所以高大，皇帝只能从左侧的进入。
而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。来到圜丘坛下，我们马上就要开始登坛了，不过要请您留心数一数，每一层坛面有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家都会发现，坛上所有的阶数，都是九或九的倍数。这些难道都是巧合么?当然不是，因为古人认为九的极阳数。所以工匠们变用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛的“崇高”之意。
谢谢你们来北京天坛，欢迎下次再来啦!
介绍北京天坛导游词3各位!现在我们来到了圜丘坛景区，其实呀，它才是真正的“天坛”，因为这里才是皇帝在冬至祭天用的祭天台。圜丘坛建于明嘉靖年间，即公元1530年，位于整个院落的南端，我先给大家介绍一下圜丘坛院落中的陈设。请看西边，那里有一杆很高的木杆，它叫望灯杆，是祭天的时候挂灯笼用的。各位也许要问：祭天挂什么灯笼呀?当然要挂啦!因为当年祭天的时间不是在白天，而是在日出前七刻，即零晨四点一刻。您想想，在漆黑的冬夜，老百姓都在被窝里熟睡的时候，皇帝来祭天，也真是够辛苦的，挂个灯笼照个亮，不过分吧?不过，皇帝照亮，非同一般，那必须是“吉灯高照”。那么现在请大家猜一猜这座灯竿有多高?现在我来宣布正确答案：灯杆的高度是九丈九尺九寸，为什么不再加点凑够10丈呢?肯定有原因，不错，请各位先猜猜看，待会儿我再告诉大家。不仅灯杆不一般，那灯笼也不一般，高有两米，直径两米六，够气派吧!但最不一般的还得说那灯笼中的蟠龙通霄宝蜡，长有一米三，直径三十厘米，可连续燃烧12个小时，既不用剪蜡花，也不流蜡油，是当年皇帝祭天的专用宝蜡。
再看看东边的这个绿色建筑物，它的名字叫燔柴炉，是在祭天大典结束后，焚烧祝板及祭品的地方。这是铁镣炉，在进行大典的时候炉内燃烧松杆、松柏，同时还烧些檀香木，一时间火光冲天，香烟缭绕，不但增加了神秘庄严的气氛，而且在寒冷的冬夜给皇帝带来了一丝暖意，真是一举多得呀!
现在，言归正传，我给大家介绍一下圜丘坛，它是一座三层的圆形石台，为什么要将祭天台设计成圆形呢?因为古代人们认为天是圆的，地是方的，既然是祭天台，自然要设计成圆形了。普通人看这座祭天台是用大理石建制的，但设计者们是用数字“九”建成了这座神秘的祭天台，现在我们一起来找找那些神秘的“九”看它们藏在何处。
(走近圜丘坛，在圜丘坛的近前)
耳听为虚，眼见为实，在这儿咱们不妨来个脚踏为实，请大家一边登上这一组台阶，一边数数这组台阶有多少级(自地面层到底间层，因为这里人少，面积大)一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九，正好九级(把客人带到底层平台的东侧)。往上还有两组台阶，每组也是九级，整个圜丘坛东、南、西、北各开一口，每个登坛口都有上、中、下三组台阶，每一组台阶都是九级，现在我们已经找到了12个“九”了。我们再找找看，脚下底层祭坛的坛面直径21丈，没有“九”，中层直径15丈，也没有“九”，顶层“九”丈，有一个“九”，如果把三层直径相加，便是四十五，五九四十五，不但有“九”还有“五”，象征皇帝的“xx”之尊。真是巧夺天工!那么，别的地方还有“九”吗?有!请各位更上二层“九”，我们到最上层看一看。
(在圜丘坛顶端，东侧无人处)
各位，现在有没有感到“九”的气味儿更浓了?大家请看坛面中心，有块圆形石块，它叫天心石，被一层一层的扇形石板所环绕，这第一环是九块，第二环是二“九”一十八块，第三环是三九二十七块，直到最边上一环为九九八十一块。再看一看中层，它由十个九块开始至十八个九块，底层至十九个九块至二十七个九块，即三层坛面，每层铺九环石板，每环石块又都是九的倍数，自一倍至二十七倍，这样，上、中、下三层坛面共铺石板3402块，即378个“九”。
还记得吗?刚才我们看到的望灯杆高九丈九尺九寸，燔柴炉两侧台阶各九级，皇帝还嫌不够，祭天时还要向皇天上帝敬酒，可见皇帝对九的崇敬，为什么?咱们下坛再说。
(天心石讲解)
各位请看，在祭天台中心有一块突起的圆形石块，它叫“天心石”，又叫“亿兆景从石”，为何叫天心石呢?据说这块石头是宇宙的中心，是皇帝与天上诸神们相互交流的“天界”，故心有灵犀者，便可在此与“神”交流一番。那为什么又叫“亿兆景从石”呢?“亿兆”是多的意思，“景从”是象影子一样随从，所以说白了“亿兆景从石”就是“一呼百应石”，这是一组奇妙的声学现象，即当你站在圆心石上，轻声说话时，声音不仅宏大，而且有共鸣及回音。那么，这是什么原因造成的现象呢?请看，由于坛面十分光洁平整，声波传到周围的石栏杆后能迅速地被反射回来，据声学专家测验，从发音到声波再回到圆心石的时间仅为0.07秒，说话者根本无法分清它是原音还是回声，所以有一呼百应的感觉。当皇帝站在天心石上说话的时候，感到不仅有神助——声音宏亮，又有人助——一呼百应，身为人君者便把这一呼百应的回声当成是天下万民对自己的无限忠心及一致响应。以前只有皇帝才能站在这里说话，现在我们也可以蹬上天心石许下一个美好的愿望。不过，别贪心，每人只能许下一个心愿，现在我们推举一名德高望众的朋友为我们大家许个愿吧!
(九的揭密，在走下圜丘坛后的东北侧讲解)
各位朋友，现在是我们解开“九”的秘密的时候了，我问问大家，自然界最大的东西是什么?对了，是天;自然数里最大的数字是什么?是“九”。根据阴阳学说，在天地间，天为阳，地为阴;在数字中奇数为阳，偶数为阴;在方向上南为阳，北为阴，所以“九”与“天”都属阳，都是老大，所以古代用“九”象征天，于是用“九”来筑祭天台便是天经地义的事了。
祭祀完毕，皇帝回宫，那么皇天上帝的牌位何去何从?当然，也要回宫，不过它可不回人间的宫殿，而是人间的天宫，在哪里呢?那就是我们前面的那座建筑---皇穹宇，好!我们现在便去天宫拜访一下皇天上帝。
介绍北京天坛导游词4各位朋友，现在我们来到了皇穹宇。这里是在祭天大典后存放皇天上帝及其它诸神牌位的地方，即皇天上帝和诸神的寝宫，除大典外，其余时间，众神便在这里休息，即人间的“天堂”。皇穹宇建于公元1530年，位于圜丘坛之北，整组建筑由一堵圆形的墙所环绕，院内有三座建筑，即存放皇天上帝牌位的正殿---皇穹宇及存放日月星辰、风云雷电诸神牌位的东西配殿。
正殿皇穹宇象一把巨大的雨伞，其殿顶呈圆形，基座为圆形，院落的围墙也是圆形，这些“圆”都是敬天礼神的象征，但也正是这些“圆”及建筑，造就了不可思议的奇迹，即皇穹宇院内的三大声学现象。首先，我们来看一看这院落的圆形围墙，它就是闻名中外的建筑——回音壁。那么回音壁有何神奇之处呢?其现象是这样的：如果两人站在两座配殿后的围墙下，均面部朝北对墙小声说话，都能非常清晰地听到对方所讲的话。这是为什么呢?因为呀，整个围墙是圆形的，又磨砖对缝，墙面十分光滑，再加上围墙顶部盖有檐瓦，声音不宜散失，于是声波便沿着圆墙连续反射而产生回音。各位可以试一试，我们五分钟后到皇穹宇前集合。
下面请各位看看第二个有趣的现象。请看皇穹宇丹陛下有三块石头，如果站在第一块石头上拍手，会听到一次回音;如果站在第二块石头上拍手，可以听到二次回声;如果站在第三块石头上拍手，可以听到三次回音，故称此石为三音石。其实据声学专家测量，如果这里足够安静，在三音石上拍手，其回声是无限次的，只是我们人类只能听到三声。这又是为什么呢?原因很简单，如果你站在三音石上环顾一下四周，你会发现，噢!原来我站在了整座院落的中心，那里是回声产生的最佳位置。
第三个有趣的地方是从丹陛上往南数的第十八块石头，它被称为对话石，其奇特之处是：如果一人站在该石板上，另外两人分别站在东西配殿的西北角及东北角，那这三个人轻声说话就象打电话一样清晰，这是因为他们三人所处的位置恰巧是一个边长为36米的等边三角形的三个顶尖上，故产生了这种奇特的现象。在这个充满神奇的小院里，可能还会有其它的“秘密”等待着我们去发现，也许您就是发现者，好!下面请各位感受一下三音石及对话石的妙趣，5分钟后我们在门口集合。
介绍北京天坛导游词5各位游客：
大家好！
我是你们的导游，在今后的几天里你们就叫我季导就可以了。首先欢迎各位来到这美丽雄伟的天坛!今天我们主要参观祈谷坛、祈年殿、圜丘坛、斋宫等名胜古迹。参观的时候，请大家把垃圾扔进垃圾箱，或者随身携带的塑料袋，争做文明游客哟!
天坛其实是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”“祈谷”的场所，位于正阳门外东侧。坛域北呈圆形，南为方形，寓意为“天圆地方”。内坛――就是我们现在所在的地方，分为南北两部分。游客们，你们看这北边的建筑，它叫“祈谷坛”。相传在清、明两朝时，因为当时生产力非常低下，收成都是老天爷掌握的，所以就在北边修建了一座专门祈祷丰年的“祈谷坛”，每年由皇帝在春天向老天祈求，赐予人间好的收成。
请大家跟着我走，我们现在来到了内坛中心建筑“祈年殿”。它坐落在三层圆形的高大的石台墓上，是座三重檐的圆形大殿，高38米，直径30米。三重殿均有深蓝色的琉璃瓦，层层缩小，显放射形，顶上冠以巨大的鎏金宝顶。这座大殿在建筑与造型上都有很大的艺术价值。洁白的台基象征白云，深蓝色的殿顶象征苍穹，柱子、彩画、鎏金宝顶象征彩霞，综合而成为蓝天玉宇的优美造型。
游客们快看啊，这南边的雄伟建筑“圜丘坛”专门用于冬至日祭天，中心建筑是一座巨大的圆形石台，名为“圜丘”。两坛之间总长360米，高出了地面甬道，丹陛桥相连，共同形成了一个南北长1200米的天坛建筑轴线，两侧为大面积的古柏林。
穿过甬道，我们看到的这座建筑物是西天门内南侧的“斋宫”。据说是皇帝祈祷前斋戒时的住所。“斋宫”也因此得名。
听了我的介绍，你们一定很想仔细游赏一下天坛的美景，拍拍照，留个念。下面的时间就留给大家，大家有足够的时间畅游。1小时以后，我们还在这里集合，希望大家遵守时间，注意保持园内卫生。一会儿见!
介绍北京天坛导游词6各位游客：
大家好，我是你们的导游，曹宇翔。
下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说，现在大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛，从远出看是个八角形宝塔。
天坛是王屋的主峰，高峰耸寺深古纵横，一峰突起，万峰臣伏，唯我独尊，从南向北看中间高，两边低，好似屋顶像王者之屋，称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台，因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天，后人为了纪念，该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点，把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。
我们走过天坛，又来到了望景寺，这里可以这人观赏天坛的风景。
天坛是世界文化遗产，国家5A级旅游景区，全国重点文明保护单位。于北京正阳门，东南方自，为明清两朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，寿年专用祭坛，是世界上现在规模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米年作为公园正式对外开放。
坛为三层圆形石台，坛区占地20万余平方米。因此;明清时期北京的天坛与历朝代郊坛有一脉相承的渊源。
天地坛遂改称为天坛。消沿明制，天坛一称沿用至今。从乾隆八年1743年起，对天坛建筑进行了多次修理，天坛终于形成了南北两坛，规制严谨的盛郎风貌。
天坛到处有美丽的风景，说也说不尽，希望你有机会细细游赏。
介绍北京天坛导游词7明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，在乾隆年间，有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿，从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，称为“云门玉立”。大家可以注意到，棂星门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大；皇帝只能从左侧的门进入；而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服台。
来到了圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家也就都发现了，坛上所有的台阶数，护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18块，依此类推，到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块；而大家抬头就可以看到的围护板被四面台阶分为四个部分，每个部分也都有9块，而中层的围护板是18块，下层的是27块，这些难道都是巧合么？当然不是，因为根据阴阳五行来说，9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来赋予圜丘台意念上的崇高。
说完了神坛的奇妙，我在给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。到了每年的`冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在大典前两天，皇帝要在故宫里进行斋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天坛的斋宫进行斋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，现在的凌晨四点多，奏报时辰，皇帝起驾，斋宫东北角的钟楼开始鸣钟。到具服台盥洗更衣，神牌都送到台面相应的位置，也就是七组神位，称作七幄；在圜丘前燔柴炉上放一只牛犊，用松枝燔烧，西南的望灯杆望灯高悬，点燃蟠龙通宵宝蜡，台南广场上排列着奏乐队，配合着中和韶乐，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式开始了，皇帝由南棂星左门登坛，这时钟声停止，到了第二层南侧拜位站好后，听候司赞人报仪程，恭读至皇天上帝的祝文。
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方，所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇，总体呈圆形，下边是高2。85米的圆形须弥座，为青白石筑成，有东南西三个方向的出陛，也就是台阶，而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架没有横梁承托，全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑，步步收缩，从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，十分的平滑，是很好的声音载体，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。
也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们就即将走进祈谷坛了，而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道，长360米，桥面上分为三条道，中间的是神道，东边是御道，西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢？这有两种说法，一种是说路面南低北高，步步高升，好像与天相连接的桥；而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。说到进牲门，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀，制成供品，所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关，因为一进去就有死无生了。
现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以这里还有小金殿之称。
到此，祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三层的圆形石台，而在正面三层石台阶中，分别装饰着巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是：瑞云山海，双凤山海，双龙山海。各层排水孔的图案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间，原来是安放从祀牌位的地方，不过在嘉靖年间，把它们挪到了先农坛，所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩，都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶，抬头仰视，便是龙凤藻井，中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地柱支撑的，中间的四柱名叫龙井柱，东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬；而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间，则分别代表了一年的12个月份；外面两环的24个开间分别代表了一年的24个节气；同时，这28根大柱，也代表了天上的28个星宿。
和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧，送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊，共有七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它不仅用来连接神厨神库，而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道，在长廊的东头，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要到这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石，都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢？原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头，而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代，有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好，不利于国家，所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代，康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据，就派人考察山脉，发现泰山是长白山的余脉，所以就在原来七块石头的东北方向放了一小块儿青石，象征东北长白山，如果按这种说法，那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。
今天的天坛观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。
第五篇：天坛中英文导游词 南门进北门出
天坛中英文导游词
天坛中英双语导游词
篇一：天坛中文导游词
各位游客，我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。
明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，用于孟冬祭天，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了，从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间，有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿，而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。
现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，为―云门玉立‖。大家可以注意到，棂星门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大；皇帝只能从左侧的门进入；而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服台。来到了圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家也就都发现了，坛上所有的台阶数，护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18块，以此类推，到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块；而大家抬头就可以看到的围护板被四面台阶分为四个部分，每个部分也都有9块，而中层的围护板是18块，下层的是27块，这些难道都是巧合么？当然不是，因为根据阴阳五行来说，9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来赋予圜丘台意念上的崇高。
说完了神坛的奇妙，我在给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在大典前两天，皇帝要在故宫里进行斋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天坛的斋宫进行斋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，现在的凌晨四点多，奏报时辰，皇帝起驾，斋宫东北角的钟楼开始鸣钟。到具服台盥洗更衣，神牌都送到台面相应的位置，也就是七组神位，称作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴炉上放一只牛犊，用松枝燔烧，西南的望灯杆望灯高悬，点燃蟠龙通宵宝蜡，台南广场上排列着奏乐队，配合着中和韶乐，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式开始了，皇帝由南棂星左门登坛，这时钟声停止，到了第二层南侧拜位站好后，听候司赞人报仪程。恭读至皇天上帝的祝文。礼仪结束以后，要将神位前的贡品分别送到燔柴炉(从正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚烧，皇帝也要一旁恭立目视，称为望燎)和燎炉(圜丘坛共有12座燎炉，在瘗坎北侧，从东向西排列着8个;内围护墙东西棂星门外各有一对。从配位幄次车下的祭品分别送到8个燎炉内焚烧，而四个从位幄次的祭品送到棂星门处)焚烧，烟雾腾空，象征着送到天庭。而后还要将牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘗坎掩埋，象征不忘祖先茹毛饮血之意。在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，而且现在这里也是一样的，各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方，所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌，而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主，还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上，天，宇宙的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。
它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇，总体呈圆形，下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座，为青白石筑成，有东南西三个方向的出陛，也就是台阶，而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架没有横梁承托，全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑，步步收缩，从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，十分的平滑，是很好的声音载体，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。
也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们就即将走进祈谷坛了，而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道，长360米，桥面上分为三条道，中间的是神道，东边是御道，西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢？这有两种说法，一种是说路面南低北高，步步高升，好像与天相连接的桥；而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。说到进牲门，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀，制成供品，所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关，因为一进去就有死无生了。
好，回到正题，现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以这里还有小金殿之称。
到此，祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是层的圆形石台，而在正面三层石台阶中，分别装饰着巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是：瑞云山海，双凤山海，双龙山海。各层排水孔的案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间，原来是安放从祀牌位的地方，不过在家靖年间，把它们挪到了先农坛，所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩，都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶，抬头仰视，便是龙凤藻井，中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地柱支撑的，中间的四柱名叫龙井柱，东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬；而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间，则分别代表了一年的12个月份；外面两环的24个开间有分别代表了一年的24个节气；同时，这28根大柱，也代表了天上的28个星宿。据说这祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。在感殿内建筑的同时，也让我们把注意力逐渐转移到殿内的陈设上来。这里的陈设是按照清朝咸丰年间原状恢复的，正面的雕龙宝座上供奉着的是满汉合璧的皇天上帝神版，左右两侧的石台上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧，送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。到这里，祈年殿也差不多讲完了，而它还有一个附属建筑，作用和皇穹宇差不多，也是存放祈谷坛祭祀神主的地方，就是祈年殿北侧的皇乾殿。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊，共有七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它不仅用来连接神厨神库，而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道，在长廊的东头，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要道这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石，都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢？原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头，而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代，有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好，不利于国家，所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代，康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据，就派人考察山脉，发现泰山是长白山的余脉，所以就在原来七块石头的东北方有放了一小块儿青石，象征东北长白山，如果按这种说法，那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。且不管他们怎么定论了。
谢谢大家，如有不妥之处，还望见谅。
篇二：天坛英文导游词
(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Welcome to the temple of Heaven.It is also one of the preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all,there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)
背景The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar独家祭台 for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why?
天的理解The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe,or nature.In those days, there were specific rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.历史The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls,a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery,while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.南棂星门(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)
圜丘the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls,each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate,each in turn consisting of three doors,with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the passage facing north,you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs,while the narrower one was used by courtiers.On the day of the ceremony,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the altar.(Atop the Circular Mound Altar)
we are now on the top terrace of the
Altar,or the third terrace.Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9，in the second，18，up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9.But why? 数字阴阳
According to ancient Chinese philosophy，yin and yang were two opposing factors.Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin.Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man.What is more，the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.Once more look at the round stone in the center.The upper terrace is nine zhang(a Chinese unit of length，one zhang equals 3.3 meters)in circumference，while the middle is 15 zhang，the lower，21 zhang.Classified as yang numbers，the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success.What is more，by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples，the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized.The concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.祭祀过程
Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice.The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace，while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks.The service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning.All of the lanterns would be lit.In the foreground，a sacrificial calf is being barbecued.On the square in front of the altar，the emperor，under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers，princes of royal blood，musicians，dancers and uniformed soldiers，would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven.When the service drew to a close，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated.All of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing God off.Music and dancing would follow.In the end，the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice.祈福
It is interesting to note that，the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer.The stone，which is known as the God`s heart Stone，is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder，thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service.You can try this out by yourself.(Proceed northward to pass through the Lattice StarGate)
(In front of the Gate of glazed tiles)
this structure is known as Heaven` s Storehouse.It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles.The roofing，beams，and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks.This is the only structure of its kind in china today.the Heaven` s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept.Douglas Hurd，a former British foreigh secretary，once said，―God attends to His affairs on the Circular Mound Altar but stays here.‖ Now let` s go in to to see it(Go through the left side door)
(In the courtyard of Heaven` s Storehouse)皇穹宇
this is the Imperial Vault of Heaven，the main structure of Heaven` s Storehouse.It was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter.The structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball，and carved wooden doors and windows.It is decorated with colored paintings.Founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance..The ramp is carved in ―Two dragons Playing with a pearl ‖ design in relief.We will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.(On the marble terrace of the main hall)
the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings.On top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson，or covered ceiling.The ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design.The 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.To the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal基座.Atop it，up a wooden flight of 9 steps，is where the major tablet dedicate to Heaven was enshrined.On each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex halls in the courtyard，there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun，moon，constellation，cloud，rain，wind and thunder.回音壁(Echo Wall and Triple –sound Stones)
Aside from exquisitely laid out architectures，Heaven` s Storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features，i.E.the Echo Wall and the Triple-Sound Stone.A mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side，although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart.This is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth，solid bricks.In front of the steps leading away from the halls is the Triple Sound Stone.If you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands，the sound will echo once;on the second stone，the sound will be heard twice;and on the third stone，the sound will repeat three times.Hence the name.(Go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)九龙柏
(Nine-Dragon Cypress柏树)
the Temple of Heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60，000 cypress trees in all，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple.This tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago.Its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons;thus it is known as the Nine-Dragon cypress.It is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs.Now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.成贞门
(In the south of Chengzhen Gate)
now we are back again on the Central Axis.This brick-arched gate is known as Chengzhen(Adopting Fidelity).This gate is the northern gate of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest.The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis.It was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.丹陛桥
(On the Red Stairway Bridge)
entering the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest，we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long，which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall.This broad north-south walkway，called Danbiqiao(Red Stairway bridge)，connects the two sets of main building in the Temple of Heaven and constitutes a single axis.The passage is divided into left，control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs.The central and the widest path is known as Heavenly Thoroughfare，which was reserved exclusively for God;nobody，including the emperor，was allowed to set foot onto it.The emperor used the path on the east，which is known as the Imperial Walk.The ministers and princes used the one on the west.Interesting enough，there is no walkway left for ordinary people.This is because the Temple of Heaven used to be off-limits to them.Contrary to appearances，this walkway is not a bridge at all.But how so ? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep.The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice.All in all，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing.Looking back at the thoroughfare，you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end.As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest，the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens.Here you are in Heaven.(Costume-Changing Terrace)
the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai，or CostumeChanging Terrace.It is located to the east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters.IT has marble Slab balustrades.The day before the service，officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes.After the service，the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace.(Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)
(At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest)
this structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good Harvest.We can catch a slight glimpse of the central building，the Hall of Prayer for Good harvest，though the colonnade of the Gate.A gigantic and lofty group of buildings，the complex includes the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest，the hall of prayer for good harvest，eastern and western annex halls，the Huanqian(Imperial heaven)Long corridor，Heaven Kitchen，slaughterhouse，etc.the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace，to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall.This unique building，38 meters in height，is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball.The roofing is made of blue glazed tiles，the color of the sky.Underneath the roof，the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings.The base of the structure is a triple-tiered，circular marble terrace.At a distance，the terrace looks like a gigantic，spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it.Today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of Beijing，which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.(At the base of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)
The base of the hall is a triple-tiered，circular marble terrace，which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height，covering a space of 4，000 square meters.Meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure.In the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs，there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud，dragon and phoenix designs.To set off the ramps，the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls.In southern part of each tier，a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed.Sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.(In front of the hall of Prayer for good harvest)
climbing up this marble terrace，we see the main hall，a masterpiece of ancient China.Looking up you will see the caisson，or covered ceiling，characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes.In and out，the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.Without the use of steel，cement and nail，and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams，the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars，laths，joints and rafters.The four central pillars，called the dragon-Well Pillars，are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers，representing the four season.There are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each.The inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night.Between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the Chinese lunar year.The pillars，28 in number，also represent the 28 constellations in the universe-the ancient Chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.The center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab，which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter.Interestingly，the slab features natural black and white veins，corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling.This particular slab is known as the Dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.The furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when Emperor Xianfengruled.In the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of Heaven.On either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed.Each tablet is fronted by an altar.A total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it，including soup，wine，assorted cereals，and a calf.The sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning，sometime in the first month of the Chinese lunar year.Because it was still dark，candles，lanterns and torches were lit.This lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall，helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.By the time the service began，207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall.The emperor，in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity，would walk slowly into the hall，kowtow，and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors.All of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for Good Harvest.With this we conclude our visit to the Temper of Heaven.The feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history.However，this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient Chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.(On the Long Corridor)
From the Eastern Gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest，we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor.Consisting of 72 sections，this corridor served as a connecting building between the Slaughterhouse.Heaven Kitchen，and the main hall，It is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line.Flanking the corridor are shopping stalls.You may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.Well，that is all for this tour.Thank you for your attention.I look forward to your next visit.Good luck and bon voyage.
点击咨询 