本人总结关于肺癌的SCI写作的常用句型

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第一篇:本人总结关于肺癌的SCI写作的常用句型

本人总结关于肺癌的SCI写作的常用句型。

1. Small-cell lung cancer(SCLC)is distinct from the more common non–small-cell lung cancer by its rapid doubling time, high growth fraction, early development of widespread metastases, and dramatic initial response to chemotherapy and radiation

2. However, despite high initial responses to therapy, most patients die from recurrent disease

3. Although squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and SCLC were the most frequent histologic subtypes of lung cancer in the initial period of the smoking-related cancer epidemic, more recent studies have consistently reported the predominance of adenocarcinoma, which is now recognized as the most common histologic type of lung cancer

4. The American Cancer Society estimated that SCLC represented 25% of the 170,000 new cases of lung cancer in the United States in 1993.Recent studies however have shown a decrease in the total number of lung cancer cases, particularly in men with SCLC and SCCWe analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiologic, and End Results(SEER)program of the National Cancer Institute(Bethesda, MD)to determine the changes in incidence, proportion of SCLC among new cases of lung cancer, and survival rates for patients with SCLC during the period from 1973 to 2002

5. As of 2002, SCLC comprised only 12.95% of all lung cancers

6. outlines the characteristics of patients with small-cell lung cancer as identified in the SEER data set from 1973-2002.7. It increased modestly between 1982 and 1989 at an annual percentage change rate of 1.2% that was not statistically significant.8. This downward trend is statistically significant(P <.0001), suggesting that this decrease is a real trend rather than random fluctuation.9. Our analysis of the SEER database indicates that the incidence of SCLC has been steadily decreasing in the United States over the last several years

10. The decrease in the incidence of SCLC may be explained by the decreased percentage of smokers and by the change in cigarette composition.11. Several studies of patients with SCLC have shown improved survival rates in women compared with men.In a study comparing the survival of women and men treated from 1973 to 1986 at the National Cancer Institute, both the rates of median survival(13 months v 10 months)and of survival beyond 2.5 years(15% v 6%)favored women.23

12. Similar findings were reported in a large retrospective analysis of five studies conducted by the Cancer and Leukemia Study Group

B(CALG between 1972 and 1986, in which women had improved response rates and long-term survival.13. A retrospective review by the Southwest Oncology Group(SWOG)reported that the improved survival rates in women was restricted to patients with limited-stage disease

14. Improved outcomes for women have been previously suggested by large retrospective studies but the overall improvement in survival for both men and women over the last 30 years is very modest

15. SCLC is strongly associated with cigarette smoking and consequently it is a highly preventable disease

16. Prophylactic cranial irradiation(PCI)has been shown to provide survival benefit in patients with limited disease small-cell lung cancer(LD-SCLC)who have achieved complete response

17. We developed a decision-analytic model to compare quality-adjusted life expectancy(QALE)in a cohort of SCLC patients who do or do not receive PCI by varying survival rates and the frequency and severity of PCI-related NT.Sensitivity analyses were applied to examine the robustness of the optimal decision.18. The current data suggest PCI offers better QALE than no PCI in LD-SCLC patients who have achieved complete response

19. Approximately 14% to 24% of SCLC patients have demonstrable CNS metastases at initial presentation, usually in combination with other extrathoracic sites

20. Even after initial response to chemotherapy, the incidence of clinically detectable brain metastases increased with increased length of survival and reaches 50% at 2 years.21. Moreover, treatment of brain metastases is unsatisfactory—only about half of patients achieve a useful palliation after whole-brain irradiation, and median survival is less than 3 months after metastasis to the brain

22. In considering the poor outcome of patients who developed brain metastases, Hansen7 proposed prophylactic brain irradiation, later

renamed prophylactic cranial irradiation(PCI), for all patients with SCLC.23. During the last three decades, there has been much debate on whether and how PCI should be used in the management of SCLC

24. The point of contention centers on the determination of the risks of short-term and long-term toxicity and benefits of reduction in brain metastasis and prolonging overall survival by PCI

25. Because of the intense research8-31 and two recent meta-analyses, a general consensus has been reached in the following areas: PCI is recommended for patients with limited disease(LD)SCLC who have achieved complete response(CR);the commonly accepted dose of PCI ranges from 24 to 36 Gy, with once-daily or twice-daily fractions equal to 2 to 3 Gy/d;

26. PCI and concomitant chemotherapy can increase toxicity and should be avoided;PCI significantly reduces the risk of brain metastasis by approximately 50%(hazard ratio, 0.46and 0.48);PCI prolongs survival(hazard ratio for mortality, 0.84 and 0.82);and acute radiation-induced toxicities are typically mild and resolved within a few months.27. Despite the above-described advancements, only limited data on long-term PCI toxicities are available

28. To date, there are no reliable data to estimate the frequency and severity of the long-term toxicities induced by PCI

29. PCI is now routinely recommended for those patients who achieved CR to chemotherapy

30. Moreover, as more effective chemotherapy and combined chemoradiation improves the overall outcome and long-term survival of SCLC patients, the potential risk of chronic NT will be greater and the quality of life(QOL)becomes a more important consideration among the long-term survivors.31. Given that PCI has become a standard treatment for LD-SCLC patients who have achieved CR, it is no longer ethical to conduct randomized controlled trials including an arm with no PCI

32. There is general agreement that patients with small-cell lung cancer(SCLC)and good performance status should be offered chemotherapy and when indicated, radiotherapy, aimed at prolonging survival and achieving a proportion of cures.33. The use of carboplatin avoids the nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity associated with cisplatin, and carboplatin can be substituted for cisplatin without survival detriment or the fluid loading needed with cisplatin, which can be problematic in lung cancer patients

34. Phase II studies of ICE and ICE-V, followed by thoracic and prophylactic cranial radiotherapy when clinically indicated, in patients with good performance status and limited-stage(LS)or extensive-stage(ES)SCLC, reported complete response rates in excess of 50% and 2-year survival rates ranging from 24% to 33% for LS and 14% to 23% for ES

35. However, because these instruments had not been compared previously in a randomized fashion, this trial represented an opportunity to compare them in terms of compliance and ability to detect differences between regimens to guide the selection of QL instruments in future trials.36. to compare these two chemotherapy policies in terms of adverse effects of treatment and QL

37. This randomized trial has shown that a regimen of ICE-V administered every 4 weeks significantly prolongs survival compared with standard, mainly nonplatinum-based chemotherapy administered every 3 weeks in the treatment of patients with SCLC and good performance status

38. Perhaps counterintuitively

39. The benefit seen in the current trial with a platinum-based regimen is echoed by two retrospective reviews, a meta-analysis based on published data, and one more recent trial

40. A review of SCLC patients treated at the US National Cancer Institute suggested a modest survival benefit for PE in LS patients

41. Treatment for patients with SCLC and a good PS might be improved by adding one or more drugs to platinum/etoposide, dose intensification, the use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, or the use of new drugs

42.There are a number of ways of increasing the total dose and the dose-intensity of chemotherapy: increasing the number of cycles, increasing the dose per cycle, decreasing the interval between cycles, or combinations of these.A meta-analysis of the published literature28 suggested that all of these strategies are relevant for improving survival, although not all individual trials show this pattern

43.Although there are proven survival benefits in adding radiotherapy to chemotherapy for LS SCLC patients,30,31 the optimum timing of radiotherapy is unclear

44.A recent meta-analysis of fully published trials32 indicated a benefit for early thoracic radiotherapy, particularly in conjunction with PE chemotherapy and with hyperfractionated radiotherapy

45.A Japanese trial35 comparing concurrent chemoradiotherapy(PE with 45 Gy administered in twice-daily fractions starting with cycle 1 every 4 weeks)and sequential treatment 4(cycles of PE administered every 3 weeks with the same radiotherapy administered after cycle 4)showed a much improved median survival with concurrent treatment(27.2 v 19.7 months)although with only 231 patients, this did not translate into a statistically significant difference

46.The emergence of newer cytotoxic drugs may also offer opportunities to improve the outlook of patients with SCLC

47.Although all the above strategies are worth pursuing, the future probably lies with biologically targeted agents;SCLC exhibits numerous molecular abnormalities, including neuropeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, CD117, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, which may be exploitable

第二篇:SCI论文写作总结

SCI论文写作各部分总结

Title:

题目应该覆盖主要目的或者信息,也应该吸引读者,不能太长。并且应该避免附标题。

Abstract:

用第三人称写,说明文章目的,方法,结果和结论,不应出现“本文”,“我们”“作者”字眼,也不要有“首次”,“最后”,“简单”,“主要”和“次要”等修饰词。摘要四要素:研究工作的目的,方法,结果,结论 引用别人的话:

单一作者时:某某(1987)提出。。。; 某某(1981)的研究发现。。。; 几个作者时:国内一些学者(某某,1997;,某某,1984;某某,1845)的研究。。。; 一些研究者(某某,1998主张;某某,1874)主张。。。

MIT 的Arthur Smith 教授他提醒我尽量不要使用被他称为“投机性”词汇的一些词,如“obviously”,“probably”,“certainly”,“undoubtedly”等。因为使用表示可能性的词汇,这说明你不能无法证明你的观点,而是在进行假设和猜测。可信度自然非常低。

Introduction:

引言部分主要回答为什么研究,介绍论文背景,相关领域研究历史与现状,本文目的意义,创新在什么地方(有待解决的问题)

引言第一句号很重要,应当明确提出这篇文章的目的,并且表示目的很重要。引言包含的要素(老外写)1文章的目的;2对目的的证实(为什么整个工作重要);3背景,其他人已经做了的,怎样去做的,我们以前已经做的;4指导作者:作者应该在文章中看到什么?文章中让人感兴趣的关键点是什么?我们使用了什么,我们使用什么方法来做的?本文采用的基本方法和假设5概括和总结:作者所期望的结论是什么? 编辑对引言一般意见:引言是否充分反映了当前存在的问题,并阐述了该项研究的必要性?

编辑部对参考文献一般意见:参考文献是否遗漏了近期重要文献? 结果:

不要罗列结果,要分析,结果间要有逻辑联系。

Plant and soil杂志主编提醒注意:引言的最后以:你研究工作的目的和提出一个清楚的假设作为结尾。并且指出,事实上对。的研究之前没有人做个并不是一个好的理由。因为你的研究在逻辑上很可能是跟随过去的研究。

Introduction写作注意事项:

1好的引言相当于文章成功一半,最重要是保持鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性,层层递进关系。首先:阐述自己研究领域的基本内容,要尽量的简洁明了,不要罗里罗嗦一大堆。一些显而易见的知识要用概括性的而不是叙述性的语言来描述。

2其次:接下来就是引言的重头戏之一:文献的总结回顾。要特别着重笔墨来描写。一方面要把该领域内的过去和现在的状况全面的概括总结出来,不能有丝毫的遗漏,特别是最新的进展和过去经典文献的引用。这是两个最容易出现的问题,应该是我们要极力避免的。3再次:然后就是分析过去研究的局限性并且阐明自己研究的创新点,这是整个引言的高潮所在,所以更是要慎之又慎。阐明局限要客观。在阐述自己的创新点时,要仅仅围绕过去研究的缺陷性来描述,完整而清晰的描述自己的解决思路,并且文章摊子不要铺的太大。创新性描述的越多越大,越容易被审稿人抓住把柄。4最后:就是总结性的描述论文的研究内容,可以分为一二三四等几个方面来描述,为引言做最后的收尾工作。最后检查。

Results: 确定结果用图或者表来表达;2确定首先使用哪个图和表以及使用顺序; 3 安排所得到的结果的结构:你希望描述些什么来设计结果部分,然后对每个部分的结构进行调整。最后设计在每个部分希望描述的内容; 对图标进行编排,例如横向或者纵向,顺序,大小等,使之简洁,并且特别注意单位用国际单位制度(SI);5 结果中的图一般来说最多不要超过8个。图太多了,会显得过于罗索和累赘,主编那里就不会很欣赏。图片的格式每个杂志不太一样,要求tif格式的比较多,不推荐使用bmp(jpg就更不能用)。在Results和Discussion分开写的情况下,Results部分尽量不要设计对结果的评论,最多是总结的陈述结果也就可以了。否则造成这两部分的内容上的重叠,会显得很累赘,对Discussion的描述不利。结果的描述上也要注意层次之间的安排,要按照条理性的要求分别描述,显得有逻辑性一些。

Discussion: 讨论的每个部分应该有层次,应该有逻辑顺序,且每个部分应有一个主题。且讨论内容应该为自己研究独特的东西,和别人相同相似的一笔带过,不要深入讨论。另外讨论的数据来源应该和结论中的数据一致,并且要一一对应,前后呼应,互相衬托。

1实验结果的本质,表现的规律;2与他人相关结果的比较;3对结果的分析;4结果的重要意义。图表讨论:

1解释表1表示什么,解释图1表示什么;2然后展开你的结果;3怎么将你的数据和别人的对比;4解释为什么你的研究工作重要和吸引人。建议科学论文讨论部分使用的结构 1.陈述主要发现 2.本研究的长处和短处

3.同其它研究比较的长处和短处;特别要讨论结果中的差别 4.研究的意义:可能的机制和临床医生或决策者的使用前景 5.未解答的问题及今后的研究方向

讨论一开始要重新说明主要发现,用一个句子表示较为理想。接着全面说明本研究的长处和短处,两者不可偏废。实际上,编辑和读者最注意研究的短处,这是所有医学研究不可避免的。编辑和读者一旦发现研究的短处,而作者未加讨论,他们对文章的信任会发生动摇,心生疑窦:是否还有他们和作者都未发现的其它弱点呢?

其次,将该研究与以前的工作联系起来,不炫耀自己的工作比以前的工作如何好,而是比较其优劣。与其它研究进行对照,切忌将自己的缺陷掩盖起来。重要的是应该讨论为什么会得出不同于别人的结论,作者可以放开去推测;但是如果弄不清自己的研究结果为什么与别人的结果有差别,就不便作这种推测,也不该断言自已的研究结果正确,而别人的错误。

接着应该讨论自己的研究“表明”什么,如何解释自己的研究发现,以及对临床医生或决策者有什么意义?此刻,作者的境地是危险的,多数编辑和读者能够理解作者的谨慎,不逾实证界限。由读者自己去判断研究的意义:他们是会做到的。作者甚至可以指出研究结果证明不了什么,防止读者得出过度、不实的结论。最后,应点明哪些问题尚未解答,以及要继续做的工作。显然,编辑和读者不喜欢夸大的作法。事实上,作者对论文的这一部分常常写得乱糟糟的。虽然无法阻止作者写一篇充满推测的文章,但切不可因推测而毁了证据。

讨论部分有时也许需要别的小标题,但我们以为,现在提出的结构适合大多数研究论文。尽管统一结构有难度,甚至受限制,我们相信这种结构会降低总的文字长度,防止不恰当的推测和重复,减少报道偏差,提高报道的总体质量。这种设想是完全经得起检验的。我们欢迎BMJ的作者和读者发表观点,如果反映好,我们将使用结构式讨论。(钱寿初 译)

1、宣传自己——说明论文的重要性 流程:

a)问题X是重要的。

b)前人的工作A、B曾经研究过这个问题。c)A、B有一些缺陷。

d)我们提出了方法D。

e)对D进行实验,和A、B进行比较。

f)实验证明D比A、B优越。

g)解释为什么D是更优的,而其他的思路(比如E)是不行的。h)阐述D的有效性和局限性。i)D的进一步发展的讨论。

结束语:

文章的总结,要回答研究出什么,简洁指出。1由研究结果所揭示的原理及其普遍性

2研究中有无例外或本论文尚难以解决的问题 3与以前已经发表的论文的异同

4在理论与实上的意义

5对进一步研究的建议

退稿原因:

1无新意,重复他人工作;2有新的发现,但未能很好提炼,升华并上升到理论高度;

3单纯定性描述,缺乏定量的、理论的分析;4仅仅是区域性的工作,而不是具有普遍意义、可推广到其他地方的工作,即仅仅是国外方法在中国某一地区的应用,而不是提出新的方法;5文章组织得不好,文字工夫欠佳,国外审稿人难以看懂。如何对观测资料进行提炼,升华?

1以新的理论、概念为指导。如地貌学的临界理论、复杂响应理论。

2建立模型:经验统计模型;有物理基础的模型;模糊数学模型;系统动力学模型;灰色系统模型;分形模型;人工神经网络模型等。发现新现象,提出新概念。

how to read a paper 1花5min看懂标题(一些定义可在前言中找),and在看正文之前,设想如何做该实验(写成list),实验会有些什么数据,根据这些数据如何得到结论,从而可发现: 1.是否你漏掉了关键点? 2.他们的标题是否对你产生误导? 记住:对作者所做的实验的变化做一个记录很好

b)如果看文献是为了解决自己的问题: 略读或者跳过对你不重要或者不能回答你问题的东西

2)看摘要: 一般有目的,方法,结论三部分。注意:找到

a)how and why the experiments were performed.You can then tell how close your list is to theirs.b)get a sense for the order in which experiments are going to be presented.Ignore everything else.3)仔细阅读正文的结论部分

a)正文将告诉你为什么他们进行这个实验以及按照他们所想实验的结果可能是什么并且和你作比较。

记下他们的差别以及考虑差别的原因。

The key here is to fully understand their train of thought.If you can’t figure it out, write that down, too, specifying exactly where you fell off the train.Then move on.From here on, focus on the material you understand from the Results, and ignore what you don’t understand.c)仔细看图及图的说明

BE CRITICAL: Assume they are trying to pull a fast one on you.Make sure that when they say something, the data actually show it.d)问两个问题:(在“材料和方法”中寻找,别在M&M中耗时间)1.what are the controls for that experiment?

2.How do you know that this result isn’t due to something else?

e)找出隐藏结论(一般是限于篇幅而未能发表)

Challenge yourself to find alternate explanations for the results: 1.what do you think they chose to omit?

2.Why did they omit it?(在继续读下去之前,列一个阅读所得的list)

4)looking for a clear justification for why the authors chose to do their experiments.What is the main question that they claim to be answering?

5)Compare the authors’ main question, their data, and their conclusions.1.did they answer their question?

2.Did they do the right experiments to address their question?

3.If your list of experiments differs from theirs, is their line of experimentation better?

4.If you had to answer this research question, knowing all that you know now, how would you do it? Maybe borrow some of their experiments? Or do exactly what they did? 6)Read the discussion

The discussion should tell you why their work is important, and how it advances the field.评价该文很重要的一点:文中是否预料到并很好的回答了你的问题

7)Project into the future.如果是你,下一步能做什么?有什么可提高的?有什么缺陷要弥补?如何与下一步工作衔接?

8)回顾整体风格

1.What phrases do they use to introduce their ideas?

2.How are the figures labeled? 3.Is this a well-constructed paper?

4.Is there anything in the paper you'd like to emulat

第三篇:SCI写作模版及一些要求

Asymmetric Fingerprinting based on 1-out-of-n Oblivious Transfer

Defa Hu1, Second Author 2

School of Information, Hunan University of Commerce, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China

School of Information, Hunan University, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China

Abstract –In asymmetric fingerprinting, the merchant can trace the traitors from a pirated copy by

means of the embedded unique fingerprint, while the customer is immune of being framed due to the asymmetric property.In this letter, we propose an asymmetric fingerprinting scheme based on 1-out-of-n oblivious transfer, which is efficient from the bandwidth usage point of view.First, multicast that is an efficient transport technology for one-to-many communication is exploited, which can reduce the bandwidth usage significantly.Second, symmetric encryption instead of public-key encryption is performed on the multimedia content, which can reduce the complexity and communication cost.Keywords: Asymmetric Fingerprinting, Oblivious Transfer, Multicast

content is appropriately used has become increasingly critical.I.Introduction

请注意:引用期刊文章, 请用参考文献[1]的格式.引用会议文章, 请用文献[2]的格式.所有图片必须是独立文件,务必不能使用word画图,Visio图也必须转换成独立图形。所有数学符号必须用MathType编写[10号字体](必须先安装MathType);公式必须为带编号公式(方法: MathType---Insert Right-Numbered Display Equation)。提交最终稿时请严格按照模版排版。至少4页。

首行缩进0.4厘米

请严格按模版排版,任何与模版不一致的地方都会被出版社退回修改,这点非常重要,请一定要重视 With the advancement in networking and multimedia technologies enables the distribution and sharing of multimedia content widely.In the meantime, piracy becomes increasingly rampant as the customers can easily duplicate and redistribute the received multimedia content to a large audience.Insuring the copyrighted multimedia content is appropriately used has become increasingly critical [1].Although encryption can provide multimedia content with the desired security during transmission, once a piece of digital content is decrypted, the dishonest customer can redistribute it arbitrarily[2, 3].Fig.1.The original image

II.1.IPIS J-01 Template

With the advancement in networking and multimedia technologies enables the distribution and sharing of multimedia content widely.In the meantime, piracy becomes increasingly rampant as the customers can easily duplicate and redistribute the received multimedia content to a large audience.Insuring the copyrighted multimedia content is appropriately used has become increasingly critical.Although encryption can provide multimedia content with the desired security during transmission, once a piece of digital content is decrypted, the dishonest customer can redistribute it arbitrarily.II.2.Experiment Database

A.Standard speech collection

II.Format of Manuscript

With the advancement in networking and multimedia technologies enables the distribution and sharing of multimedia content widely.In the meantime, piracy becomes increasingly rampant as the customers can easily duplicate and redistribute the received multimedia content to a large audience.Insuring the copyrighted multimedia

A speech corpus of an about 186 CCTV news, 16M Hz sampling and 16 bit quantization is used to train standard acoustics models and canonical acoustics models.There are 17359 sentences of male announcer and 15931 sentences of female announcer in total.Male announcers are Luo Jing, Wang Ning, Zhang Hongmin, Kang Hui and Guo Zhijian, and female announcers are Li Ruiying, Li Xiuping, Xing Zhibin, Hai Xia and Li Zimeng.The number of sentences of each announcer lists in table 1.[6] K.K.Goppa, R.Goot, Wavelet BasedImages, ieee journal, vol.2,n.6, pp.224-232, 2006.【期刊 英文文作者】

[7] T.M.kool, Cluster Simulation in multimedia system, Ph.D.Thesis,Dept.Computer, University of TExa, Ssyne, USA, 2007.(学位论文学)

[8] J.kool, C.Fekool, Grid Service(Wiely , 2007).【书籍】

1)引言(Introduction)建议使用三段式,分别介绍论文的研究背景,TABLE I

Sxx Xxx meaning

xxID xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xxg xxCF xx

xx_start_xx

xxxxxx

III.Conclusion

请注意:引用期刊文章, 请用参考文献[1]的格式.引用会议文章, 请用文献[2]的格式.所有图片必须是独立文件,务必不能使用word画图,Visio图也必须转换成独立图形。

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by IPIS2012.(此处标记项目基金资助)

References

[1] Defa Hu and Qiaoliang Li, Asymmetric fingerprinting based on

1-out-of-n oblivious transfer, IEEE Communications Letters, vol.14, n.5, pp.453-455, 2010.[2] Y.Tana, M.Sata, Asymmetric fingerprinting based on 1-out-of-n

oblivious transfer, Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Computer Society International Conf.on Advance Computing(Page: 237Year of Publication: 1999 ISBN:0-7695-0343-8).[3] K.K.Goppa, R.Goot, Wavelet BasedImages, ieee journal, vol.2,n.6, pp.224-232, 2006.1)请务必严格按模版修改好。所有期刊文章必需列

出 vol.x, n.x, pp.xx-yy.vol是期, n是期。

[4] Defa Hu and Qiaoliang Li, Asymmetric fingerprinting based on

1-out-of-n oblivious transfer, IEEE Communications Letters, vol.14, n.5, pp.453-455, 2010.【期刊 中文作者】 作者只需:名字和姓首字母大写 【或者D.F.Hu】

[5] Y.Tana, M.Sata, Asymmetric fingerprinting based on 1-out-of-n

oblivious transfer, Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Computer Society International Conf.on Advance Computing(Page: 237Year of Publication: 1999 ISBN:0-7695-0343-8).【会议 英文文作者】

国内外研究现状及已有方案的不足,您所提出的方案及其优点。

2)注意图片的下标(参照模版)

3)数学符号应重构,应使用MathType书写.公式自动编号。4)所有数学符号应使用10号字体。5)算法描述的伪代码应做成独立图片。

6)建议检查每一段的第一句话和最后一句话,看是否有错。7)文章的长度不能少于5页,不长于15页。

8)参考文献应以近5年的期刊文章为主,以8-12个左右为宜。9)文章的主要问题在于英语表达上面,如摘要,引言,实验以及总结部分是审稿人看得最多的地方,建议在修改稿中提高英语表达水平。

10)所有图片必须是独立的、清晰的图片文件,而不是word画图

11)总之,学术论文发表是一件严谨的事情,请尽量提高论文的质量。

12)请提供所有作者的1-2寸照片,以及60字左右的英文简介。(放在单独的文件)

13)在提交修改稿时,建议您把文章打印出来再检查一遍。在电脑上看与打印出来看,效果完全不一样。

第四篇:SCI写作心得

一位清华师兄的SCI论文写作心得

现今SCI论文已经成为了国内晋升和升学的基本考核内容之一,所以如何写好一篇SCI论文已经成为了每个学术工作者的必修课程了。在SCI论文撰写的过程中思路和创新是关键,我们应该怎么做呢?

1.SCI论文写作经验

要写好文章,思路创新性和数据可靠性是两个基本条件。思路创新有两种方法:

(1)如果你个人在某领域进行了多年研究,你觉得某些问题解决的关键应该在于某个方面的深入研究,如果很少有人注意此方面研究而你首先开始,那你的文章就创新。这种方法创新的前提是,你在该领域有多年研究;否则很有可能失败。因为你认为创新的东西可能是人家已经做过的(只是研究失败,所以没有报道),或者你的思路本身就是错误的。

(2)二次创新。例如最近三年有不同作者发了两篇文章,一篇报道因素A对提高玉米抗逆性有很大影响,第二篇报道因素B对小麦抗逆性有很大影响。那么你就可以参考以上两法,研究因素A和因素B对水稻抗逆性的影响。这样做出来的文章一般也能发在和以上两篇文章档次差不多的杂志。要保证数据的可靠,首先你要选用你的领域中普遍采用的方法,可以找几篇和你的研究类似的SCI文章,参考他们的研究方法。

验结束后,立即进行总结数据,写文章,主要步骤可参考:

A.Result部分。将所有的试验结果整理成图和表,尽力挖掘图和表中的信息,越多越好。在这个过程中尽可能和不同的研究人员探讨你的试验结果,因为不同的人对同一张表和图有不同的看法。这样会给你写文章提供很好的思路。

B.分析完图表后,寻找你这个试验结果的Key point,一定要保证这个Key point具有较大的新意,或者说一个到这个Key point 有一种振奋人心的感觉。然后从所有图表中找出能够论证你这个Key point 的图和表。合理安排你的图和表,如果可能的话尽可能用图。

C.Result以后是Discussion(一篇文章的精华),可以将discussion分为若干段落,可以是并列关系或者递进关系。但要保证每一段都有一个主题,即每一段讨论一个主要话题。而且每一段中要说明以下几点:(1)你的研究结果说明什么?有什么意义?(2)你的研究结果和别人的类似研究有什么异同?如果不同,可以讨论一些产生差异的可能原因?(3)如果你在研究结果中出现非常新的东西,用以前别人的理论很难解释,那么你可以提出你的假设理论来解释试验中非常新的东西,一定要做到能自圆其说。在Discussion的最后要总结一下,告诉别人你这个研究的几个主要结果。

D.Materials & Methods:你在试验中得到的数据,都要写出相应方法。写试验方法要尽可能详细,保证别人看了Materials and Methods 后能够参考你的方法进行相关研究。看一下你可能要投的刊物中的Materials and Methods是怎么写的,你可以参考。

E.Introduction:简介你这个研究领域的意义;介绍该研究领域的一些人所做的工作,指出它们存在的问题;说明你为什么要做这个试验;可在introduction 中提出你的hypothesis。

F.Reference:最好引用原始文献,不要二次引用;注意文献编排格式,与你要投的刊物要一致;不要漏和多参考文献。Acknowledge:帮助过你做试验,写文章的人;提供资金项目。Title要说明你的研究内容,要有一定吸引力;Abstract包括研究目的,主要研究结果,得出什么重要的结论。

G.写好以后,最好找个搞相关研究的美国或者英国的科学家看一下,改一下英文,就可投出了。

2.写论文的技巧

优秀论文的要素:

1、正确选题;

2、合适的切入点;

3、简洁明了;

4、说清自己的贡献;

5、可靠的/可重现的结果;

6、可重复的过程;

7、好的文章结构和逻辑流程;

8、精选的参考文献。

优秀论文的误区:

1、Idea越多越好;

2、一味追求革命性的,突破性的成果;

3、数学、理论和公式越复杂越好——显示自己的聪明;

4、追求最好,史无前例;

5、显示权威性,引文中大量引用自己的论文。写文章的条件:

1、与研究工作相关,确实有了好的想法,不是为了写而写;

2、取得了有价值的成果,对学术界有贡献;

3、实验成熟,经得起检验;

4、已经需要记录下来和其他人分享。

写论文的要点:

1、写出3~4层的纲要反复修改多次;

2、从Introduction开写,回顾已有的工作;

3、要声明文章结构,不要直接进入细节;

4、声明工作的动机和基本原理,提出潜在的问题,自己进行回答;

5、讲明自己工作与前人的不同,说明自己的贡献及其实际应用前景;

6、最后写Summary和Abstract,反复斟酌后确定标题。

Reviewer Check List:

1、论文是否提出了一个新的问题或者给出了已有问题的一个新的解决方案;

2、论文的主要结果是什么?

3、实验结果是否充分?

4、论文技术含量如何?

5、论文是否对所提出的技术/结果的有效性和局限性进行了评价?

6、论文写作是否清晰,从而令本行业内多数研究人员可读?

7、论文是否适当地引用和介绍了与之相关的历史文献?

8、论文是否应该给予嘉奖?

IEEE Transactions on CSVT Review form:

1、在多大的程度上满足本期刊读者的兴趣?

2、论文所使用的方法的评价?

3、结果是否具有新颖性?

4、主要结果是否正确?

5、论述是否清晰?

6、是否具有一致性(前/后,论述/结果)?

7、引文是否充足?

8、Reviewer的意见:(Accept/Accept after a minor revision /Reject/Reject but resubmit after a major revision / Submit to another journal)。

3.论文写作技巧:

1、宣传自己——说明论文的重要性

流程:a)问题X是重要的;b)前人的工作A、B曾经研究过这个问题;c)

A、B有一些缺陷;d)我们提出了方法D;e)对D进行实验,和A、B进行比较;f)实验证明D比A、B优越;g)解释为什么D是更优的,而其他的思路(比如E)是不行的;h)阐述D的有效性和局限性;i)对D进一步发展的讨论。要点:j)简洁最重要;k)不犯粗心的错误,仔细验证结果和适当选择用词。

2、细心修改

步骤:a)30%的时间细心思考,70%的时间认真写作初稿;b)把写好的论文放一段时间;c)逐字逐句地阅读论文;d)请其他人帮助阅读和修改;e)在修改的时候,从别人的角度来审视论文(Reviewer / boss / colleagues / proof-reader);f)仔细修改的次数 > 3;修改的总次数 > 5。要点:g)自己读自己的论文很乏味,并且不易找到错误;h)为了论文的小的层次提升,要付出大量劳动。

3、优化英语。步骤:a)自顶向下地组织论文(大纲/逻辑/流程);b)用其他的优秀论文(尤其是同期刊/同系列的论文,优秀书籍)作为范例;c)请别人帮忙阅读和修改语法和用词;d)记录自己用词和语法的错误,进行积累。要点:e)用词和语法固然重要,但是结构和逻辑更加重要。

4.优秀论文结构范例:

1、Abstract——对自己工作及其贡献的总结:a)阐述问题;b)说明自己的解决方案和结果。

2、Introduction——背景,以及文章的大纲:a)题X是重要的;b)前人的工作A、B曾经研究过这个问题;c)A、B有一些缺陷;d)我们提出了方法D;e)D的基本特征,和A、B进行比较;f)实验证明D比A、B优越;g)文章的基本结构,大纲。

3、Previous Work——说明自己与前人的不同:a)将历史上前人的工作分成类别;b)对每项重要的历史工作进行简短的回顾(一到几句),注意要回顾正确,抓住要点,避免歧义;c)和自己提出的工作进行比较;d)不要忽略前人的重要工作,要公正评价前人的工作,不要过于苛刻;e)强调自己的工作和前人工作的不同,最好举出各自适用例子。

4、Our Work——描述自己的工作,可分成多个部分:a)从读者角度阐明定义和表示法;b)提供算法的伪码,图解和相应解释;c)用设问的方式回答读者可能提出的潜在问题;d)复杂的冗长的证明和细节可以放在附录中,这里关键是把问题阐述清楚;e)特例和例外应该在脚注中给予说明。

5、Experiments——验证提出的方法和思路:a)合理地设计实验(简洁的实验和详尽的实验步骤);b)必要的比较,突出科学性;c)讨论,说明结果的意义;d)给出结论。

6、Conclusion——总结、前景及结文:a)快速简短的总结;b)未来工作的展望;c)结束全文。

7、References——对相关重要背景文献的全面引用:a)选择引文(众所周知的结论不必引用,其他人的工作要引用);b)与前文保持一致。

8、Others——致谢、附录、脚注。

第五篇:英语写作常用句型总结

写作常用句型总结

1.as an old saying goes,....正如一句古老的谚语所说

2....be nothing but.......不过就是...3.from where i stand....从我的立场来说

4.give oneself a chance to.....给某人一个机会去...5.i feel sure that...我坚信...6....is the best way to make sure that....确保...的最好办法是...7.we must do our absolute best to....我们必须竭尽全力做...8.there is no denying the fect that...无可否认....9.nothing is more adj.than to v.没有比...更重要的了

常用的高考英语作文短语句子:

10.As the world that we living today, people turns to /things turns to:在当今社会里,人民总是(或者)事物总是(这句话可以替代,nowadays.)

11.From my point of view , that.....从我的想法里。。。、(这句话可以替代,I think)

12.Soon after that :紧接着。(可以替代AFTER.)、13.As this result turns out to be.....(最后这个结果会。。)

14.still as the result of been.........(最后的结果还是。。)

15.On the other hand of this / the argument:(但是从另一方面想。。)

16.To the point that i can no longer think of:(我已近想不出。。。)

17.Personlly i think that(我个人认为。。。)

18.the consequnce will be.....(这个是最终会。。)

19.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest that ____.20.俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______.It"s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.21.现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.22.现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。

Nowadays,it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides,______.23.任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.24.关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……

People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.25.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.26.……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.27.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.28.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while.Obviously,______,but why?

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