英语写作的几种修辞手法（本站推荐）

第一篇：英语写作的几种修辞手法（本站推荐）

英语写作的几种修辞手法

许多考生反映自己的英语写作要么十分“中文式”，全无英语的味道，要么就是作文干巴巴的显得没有一点文采。其实英文写作和汉语写作在修辞方面还是存在许多共同之处的。要使自己的英语作文显得有文采，考生就要在英语写作中尝试采用有效的修辞手法，下面就介绍几种修辞方法：

一、比喻(the figures of speech)

比喻是语言艺术的升华。

英语中常见的比喻方法有三种：明喻、隐喻和借喻。

1.明喻(the simile)

格式：本体 + 显著比喻词(like/as/as if)+ 喻体

常用介词like、连词as，as if，asso、动词seem等以及句型Ato B asCtoD等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。例如：

(1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, andmorebrillant.老师，您像太阳，又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。

(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as nobleaspine trees!All praise to you, our belovedteacher.您的心灵像雪一样纯净，您的人格像青松一般高洁！赞美您，敬爱的老师。

英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外，还有许多常用的明喻习语。例如：

(1)as clear as crystal 清如水晶

(2)as weak as water 软弱无力

这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。与此同时，又可以使语言短小精悍，表达生动、形象。

2.隐喻(the metaphor)

格式：本体 + is/are + 喻体

例如：

(1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water.Oh myfriend,what I scoop up from the river is all yearning ofyou.时间是河、记忆如水，朋友，我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。

(2)Time is money.时间就是金钱。

注意：英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语，用作隐喻（也有个别用作明喻）。例如 ：

(1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。

(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。

(3)This film star is a nine days wonder;I doubt whether anyone will remember in a years’ time.这位电影明星现在红极一时（也指昙花一现），但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。注意：英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如：

(1)to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧

(2)to plough the sand 白费力气

(3)up the tree骑虎难下；lame duck强弩之末；above board光明正大

3.借喻(the metonymy)

格式：直接用比喻事物代替本体事物

例如：

(1)The buses in America are on strikenow.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses喻指司机drivers)。

(2)The pen is mightier thanthesword.文人胜于武士（以pen，sword喻指使用这物的人）。

英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字，除本义外，常可转借喻人，形象生动，意味隽永。例如：

(1)She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花（以虫喻人）。

二、借代(the synecdoche)

借用一个名称来代替另一事物。替代的方式可以是人、物互代，部分和全体互代，单数代复数，描象代替具体或具体代替抽象等等。例如：

(1)Uncle Sam will not help us.美国人不会帮助我们。（用Uncle Sam代替船美国人本身）

(2)You can depend on him for help whenever you’re in tourble.Hesa true blue.你遇到麻烦时尽管去找他帮忙，他是一个靠得住的忠实朋友。（用trueblue代替真金烈火，忠诚可靠的）使用借代修辞方式要选用最突出最明显的事物特征来代替事物名称。借代运用得好，能使语言表达简洁明快、具体、形象，以避免重复、累赘，并给人以新鲜感。

三、夸张(the exaggeration)

把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张。

例如：

(1)Thank you a thousand.千恩万谢。

英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。

四、拟人(the personifjcation)

就是把无生命的事物人格化。

例如：

(1)Books are a guide in youth and an entertainment for age.Theysupport us under solitude, and keep us from being a burdentoourselves.书籍是青年人的指南、老年人的娱乐。孤寂时，书籍给我们力量，使我们摆脱精神负担。

（2）Love is the master key that opens the gatesofhappiness.爱是开启幸福之门的万能钥匙。

拟人用法在英语写作中运用得好，不仅使语言表达得生动、有力，而且给人以亲切、实在、耳目一新的感受。

五、排比

把结构相同或相似、语气一致、意思密切相关联的句子或句子成分排列起来，使句式得到增强，感情得到加深，这种修辞叫排比。

例如：

(1)You are overwhelming jade, as white as snow, as smoothandmoist as grease, as brilliant as candles, and as firmasrock.你洁白如雪，润泽如脂，你光辉如烛，坚贞如磐，你是令人倾心的美玉。

(2)You are in my mind and in my heart.You are in the very airIbreathe.You are part ofme.Forever.你占据了我整个思绪和心灵；你在我呼吸的空气里；你永远是我的一部分。

此外，在英语的具体写作过程当中，我们可以运用恰当的抒情手法来进行写作，达到以情动人的效果。下面就以2005年6月份四级考试作文为例，进行写作。

提纲要求：

In honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day

向老师致以节日祝贺

从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献

我如何回报老师的关爱

范文：Dear Miss Zhang,I’m not the best student of yours, butyou’rethe most respected teacher of mine.On this special occasionforyou, what I can dedicate is my highest consideration

andearnestblessings.May you be happy;may all of your life be fullofhappiness, joy as well as sweetness.I still remred clearly thattheday I was crying with a heavy heart because I failed to passtheexamination.I didn’t know what to do and where to go, just likeabird lost its way.Teacher, it was you who lighted the beaconofhope in my heart in the dark night.Your warm words,affectionateeyes, which dispelled the cold winter from my heart andkindled theflame of hope as well.And I still remred that theplatform, thedesks, the springs and autumns, all witness the flowerpetals ofyour heart.The buds, the seedlings, the spring flowersand fallfruits, all owe to your sincere devotion.In my view, all Iwant todo is to make the best of every day, and come a littlecloser towhat I dream of.Furthermore, I must not relax my effortsto be thebest I can be and do the best I can do.Bestwishes,Andy.（编辑：赵露）

第二篇：英语修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法明喻(Simile)

明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如：

Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B)

I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。)暗喻(the metaphor)

暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。例如： I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。）(第二册第三单元课文A)

Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)（大学英语第二册第七单元课文A）

Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart.A romance was budding.（每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子，浪漫之花含苞待放。）(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A)转喻(the metonymy)

转喻是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如：

The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工（这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。

“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish.But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧，”医生说，“我会尽力做到科学能做到的，但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时，药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”（）大学英语第三册第六单元课文A）4 夸张(the exaggeration)

把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸张，即采用“言过其实”的说法，使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格，应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如：

Most American remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.(在大多数美国人的心目中，马克.吐温是位伟大作家，他描写哈克.费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆.索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。)（eternal和endless都是夸张用语，表示哈克.费恩童年时期田园般的旅游和汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。）拟人(the personifjcation)

所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。例如：

The first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautiful flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.(新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.)（采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更为生动,表达更富情感.）

The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.(萧瑟的秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎是光秃秃的。)（这里作者运用了拟人手法，将秋天比做人，秋天吹出的寒冷的呼吸就是秋风。语言表达生动、有力，让人有身处其境的感觉）（大学英语第三册第六课课文A）反语(the irony)

反语就是说反话，用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。有的时候可以达到讽刺的意味。例如：

“What fine weather for an outing!”(计划了一个美好的出游却被一场大雨搅和了，于是出现了上面的这句话，通过反语达到讽刺的效果，从而更能够反映出当时的无奈与沮丧。)7 头韵(the alliteration)

头韵即连续数个单词的头音或头字母相同，这种现象在英语中常见。例如：

I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.(打那时起，他们就一直不断地对我进行体检和治疗。)（testing 和treating 用在这里是为了取得一种文字的音乐美的效果。）

Michael's dedication, determination and discipline was a coach's dream.(迈克尔的投入、执着、自律正是每个教练梦寐以求的。)（作者在这里运用押头韵突出了主人公不达目的不罢休的决心。）（大学英语第二册第五课课文A）矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)

所谓矛盾修辞法，就是把意思上回响矛盾互相排斥的词语紧密地联系在一起，来描述一个事物，或表达一种思想，说明一个道理，或寻求一个哲理。，用这种方法，语言精炼简洁，富有哲理，并产生强大的逻辑力量，产生一种出人意料，引人入胜的效果。

A miserable, merry Christmas(悲喜交加的圣诞节)。圣诞节那天，故事主人公小男孩经历了从痛苦的边缘到幸福的顶峰的过程。因此，父母精心安排的圣诞节既是最糟的，又是最好的。Such is the glorious messiness of English.That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anyway, explains the richness of English and way it has become, to a very real extent, the first truly global language.(由此一斑可见英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。这种乐于包容的精神，这种不管源自何方来者不拒的胸怀，恰好解释了英语何以会如此丰富，成为一个真正的全球语言。)（大学英语第二册第七课课文B）双关语(pun)

双关语(pun)是英语中一种常见的修辞手法.该修辞格巧妙利用词的谐音、词的多义或歧义等,使同一句话可同时表达不同意义,以造成语言生动活泼、幽默诙谐或嘲弄讥讽的修辞效果,使人读来忍俊不禁。

True Height(真正的高度)（height是一语双关，既指跳高横竿的高度，也指人生奋斗达到的目标。）（大学英语第二册第五课文A）

Hiroshima-the “Liveliest” City in Japan（广岛-日本”最有活力”的城市）(作者将Liveliest 一词用引号引起来是有意表明，人们竟然把一个遭受过原子弹轰炸的城市说成是“做快活的”，真是莫大的讥讽，同时也是进行今昔对比，可谓是一语双关。)

修辞所追求的效果是语言表达得完美。修辞格是达到此境界的重要方式之一。要正确、恰当地运用修辞格，涉及的问题很多。其中一个十分重要的问题是切勿忘记，语言的完美必然建

筑在语言的正确、准确使用的基础上，因此修辞格的运用不仅必须以合乎语法规则为前提，还要以合乎逻辑──正确思维方法为前提。

10.euphemism(委婉语）：

用比较温和的词代替粗鲁的词或使人不愉快的词，用通行的词代替禁忌的词。

The chairman’s wife is in the family way.He passed away last week.11.metonymy（借代）：

不相类似的甲事物同乙事物之间有不可分离的关系，利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物。

The pen is mightier than the sword.I find I like people better than things.12． 使用句法手段的修辞格：

Parallelism（排比句）：

一般由三项或三项以上的词语或句子构成，其并列的结构常相同或类似，意义相关，语气连贯。排比次序一般由轻到重，由低潮到高潮。

1.Few people are immune to vanity, jealousy andpretension.2.Large shopping centers provide not only pleasant environment, abundant goods but also excellent services.3.Such belief is unfortunately wrong and possibly dangerous.13.提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。例如：

1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。

句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”（巨大的牺牲）

2、“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”

„„他说这是世界上最美的语言。

这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。

4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S.team.很多人将眼光投向美国队壹个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。

这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。

14.迭言（rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重迭使用，以增强语气和力量。

1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。

2、...Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残废。

15.、拟声（onomatcpocia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。

1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.在学校房屋的屋顶上壹些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。

2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嘎声呀，亲人的说话声呀。

16.通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另壹个感官的心理感受。Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。书是“尝”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的精读和泛读，阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受，用味觉功能和消化功能来表示，心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。

17．头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在壹起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。

How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.

第三篇：大学英语专业写作修辞手法athena

移就.下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。

1.比喻(metaphor)

比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻：

明喻(simile)：

用like, as, as...as, as if(though)或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如：

O my love's like a red, red rose.我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。

The man can't be trusted.He is as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。

He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。

Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一场疾逝的梦。

暗喻(metaphor)：

用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如：

He has a heart of stone.他有一颗铁石心肠。

The world is a stage.世界是一个大舞台。

2.换喻(metonymy)

用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol，用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如：

His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。

The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。

He succeeded to the crown in 1848.他在1848年继承了王位。

3.提喻(synecdoche)

指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如：

He earns his bread by writing.他靠写作挣钱谋生。

The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。

Australia beat Canada at cricket.澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。

He is the Newton of this century.他是这个世纪的牛顿。

4.拟人(personification)

把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如：

My heart was singing.我的心在歌唱。

This time fate was smiling to him.这一次命运朝他微笑了。

The flowers nodded to her while she passed.当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。

The wind whistled through the trees.风穿过树丛，树叶哗哗作响。

5.委婉(euphemism)

用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如：

用to fall asleep;to cease thinking;to pass away;to go to heaven;to leave us 代替 to die

用senior citizens代替old people

用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil

用weight watcher代替 fat people

用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum

用emotionally disturbed代替mad

用washroom, men's / women's room代替 lavatory

用 handicapped代替 crippled

用low income brackets;underprivileged;disadvantaged 代替 poor people

6.双关(pun)

用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如：

A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms.(arms可指手臂或者武器)

一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。

“Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer.“Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman.我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？或者：我可以在橱窗里试穿那件睡袍吗？

Seven days without water make one weak(week).七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。

7.反语(irony)

使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亚的戏剧 Julius Caesar 中的一个运用反语的很好的例子，Brutus出于野心刺杀了 Caesar, Caesar 的好友Antony 讥讽Brutus 说：

Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—

For Brutus is an honorable man;

So are they all, all honorable men—

Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.He was my friend, faithful and just to me:

But Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honorable man.在 Antony 的话里反复使用 honorable这个词就是一个反语的例子。

8.矛盾修饰(oxymoron)

把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。例如：

She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile.她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。

The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷。

During his useful life he often felt he was useless.在他大有作为的一生中他老是感到自己无用。

其他还有sweet pain;thunderous silence;luxurious poverty;heavy lightness;living death;impossible hope 等等。

9.轭式搭配(zeugma)

把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。例如：

She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy.她对那无家可归的男孩打开了房门，也敞开了胸怀。

As I left home after breakfast, I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly.早餐之后我离开家的时候，我的里里外外都在颤抖。

I would my horse had the speed of your tongue.我希望我的马能有你的舌头的速度。

10.移位修饰(transferred epithet)

将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。例如：

There was a short, thoughtful silence.出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。

The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder.老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。

He closed his busy life at the age of sixty.在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。

This is the cheapest market in this country.这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。

11.头韵(alliteration)

两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如：

proud as a peacock

blind as a bat

safe and sound

Long and loudly little Lily laughed.小莉莉长时间地、大声地笑着。

The windows waved violently in the wind.窗户在风中剧烈地摇动。

The sun sank slowly.太阳慢慢地下沉。

12.渐进(climax)

根据事物的逻辑关系，由小到大，由轻到重，由浅到深，由低到高，由少到多依次渐进地进行描述或论述。这种整齐的结构可以使人们的思想认识一层层深化提高，增强语言的感染力和说服力。例如：

I came;I saw;I conquer.我来了；我看到了；我征服。

Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.读书使人充实；交谈使人机智；写作使人精确。

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.书有可浅尝者，有可吞咽者，更有少数须消化咀嚼者。

Lincoln recognized worth in the common people;he loved the common people;he fought for the common people;and he died for the common people.林肯认识到平民大众的价值；他热爱平民大众；他为平民大众而斗争；他为平民大众而献身。

第四篇：英语修辞手法小结

英语修辞手法

英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下:

1.Simile 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:

1>.The kettle boils.水开了.2>.The room sat silent.全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:

Lend me your ears, please.请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻

提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:

1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)

他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)

他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉

这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

例如:

1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）

鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）

品尝Mozart的音乐.6.Personification 拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如:

1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）

2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the

woods.（把鸟拟人化）

7.Hyperbole 夸张

夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..例如:

1>.I beg a thousand pardons.2>.Love you.You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.8.Parallelism 排比,平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.例如:

1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free;no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral;no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.例如:

1>.He is out visiting the necessary.?? 他出去方便一下.2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.他与妻子关系不融洽.3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997.（去世）

10.Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）

建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。

英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances;an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书

这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为“换个方式的说法”.它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.例如:

1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

真正意味：趁热打铁

2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑

11.Irony 反语

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.例如:

1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）

2>“Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you.”the waiter said to the beggar.12.Pun 双关

双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.例如:

1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.13.Parody 仿拟

这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.例如:

1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问）

它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.例如:

1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶

这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.例如:

1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.2>.You are staying;I am going.3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.16.Paradox 隽语

这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种

矛盾修辞法..例如:

1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达

2>.The child is the father to the man.（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。

17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻

这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.例如:

1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见

2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.18.Climax 渐进法,层进法

这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.例如:

1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.19.Anticlimax 渐降法

与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.例如:

1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes

第五篇：英语修辞手法及圣经谚语[范文模版]

Figures of Speech ways of making our language figurative

Simile Simile：is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.Major forms of simile: 1)In his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly.2)They crowded around the two strangers and the flood of questions came.3)What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul.4)Love and cough cannot be hidden

Novelty

1）当一名医生必须要有胆量和巧手。

A doctor must have the heart of _____ and the hand of _____.Paris is a morgue without you;before I knew you, it was Paris, and I though it heavens;but now it is a vast desert of desolation and loneliness.It is like the face of a clock, bereft of its hands.(Sarah Bernhardt to Victorian Sardou)

All that had to show, as a man of letters, were these few tales essays, which had blossomed out like flowers in the calm summer of my heart and mind.------Hawthoren

Metaphor Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested… In foreign policy, flying solo can be risky business.The tug of war between enterprise profit and public interest

Personification

It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions.For example, the wind whistled through the trees.Religion is an admirable teacher for those connected to it, while it is a silent voice for those who are not.Rough wind _______ This was the sign meteorologists had been waiting for.Not only does the sharp fall in ocean temperatures signal the breakup of the giant pool of warm water in the tropical Pacific that triggered one of the century’s greatest EL Nino’s unruly twin sister, the climatological reversal that scientists call La Nina(the girl).Money talks, money prints, money broadcasts, money reigns……(Bernard Shaw)I saw justice and liberty sitting by his side.In the age of internet, it is observed that a lie goes halfway around the world before truth has time to get its trousers on.With network, truth never catches up with half-truth.Metonymy

A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.The crown of rule, the scale of trade, the cross of faith 1 The kettle is boiling.He is fond of bottle.a real skirt, a skirt chaser 2 May pick your brains? show iron teeth

to give technical muscle, use legislative muscle, to be give muscle by multinational force 3 to raise an eyebrow, to point fingers Capitol Hill, the stockholm syndrome, Social status today involves an enormous amount of publicity and certain level of stardom.We’ve become Beverly Hills.他善于欣赏音乐。她对服装很有品位。他喜爱美食。

Karajan had ruled his august orchestra, the Berlin Philharmonic-of which he had been named conductor for life in 1955-with a brilliant ear and an iron fist.He is raised to bench.He enter the bar.Pen is mightier than sword.Nature’s first green is gold,/ Her hardest hue to hold./ Her early leaf’s a flower;/ But only so an hour./ Then leaf subsides to leaf.So Eden sank to grief,/So dawn goes down to day./ Nothing gold can stay.Synecdoche

involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part.For instance, they say there's bread and work for all.She was dressed in silks.1 Let’s drink a cup or two.They were short of hands.He can hardly earn his everyday bread.The soaring bottom-line living expenses weigh heavily on the bread-earner of the family.Nature’s first green is gold,/ Her hardest hue to hold./ Her early leaf’s a flower;/ But only so an hour./ Then leaf subsides to leaf.So Eden sank to grief,/So dawn goes down to day./ Nothing gold can stay

Hyperbole

Deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.For instance, he almost died laughing.1 Thanks a million.The twin sisters are different in a thousand and one ways.2 For her there was nobody but Bart, and Bart was the world.Speaking in perpetual hyperbole is comely in nothing but love.---Francis Bacon 1 be hostile to straight plays of any kind even those that get good review… 2 There is lethal combination of high costs and high ticket prices at work.The lethality of nuclear warheads is appalling.3 Within the snap of fingers, stock prices started a long roll-coaster ride downward in 2008.Disclosure freak Acid freak Hard-road freaks Peeking freak Eco-freaks, soap freaks

Understatement

Opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement.It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement.For instance, It is no laughing matter.Euphemism:

It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant.For instance, we refer to “die” as “ pass away”.Pun

Play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words.For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms.(Here “arms” has two meanings: a person's body;weapons carried by a soldier.)Here Lies Lester Moore From A 44 No Less No More 2 We must hang together, or we shall hang separately.Seven days without 7-ups makes one weak.Drunk drivers often put the quart before the hearse.3 ―You’re not eating your fish.Anything wrong with it?‖ the waitress said to him.―Long time no sea.‖ The man replied.It’s a long way to Siberia and long wait at Moscow airport.I finally figured out how government works.The Senate gets the bill from the House.The President gets the bill from the Senate.And we get the bill for everything.6--―Mr.President, what kind of concrete assurance would you like to see to guarantee Saddam’s withdrawal from Kuwait?‖

--―Pieces of his bunker.‖

What kind of money do girls like most? Matrimony

Why are layers all uneasy sleepers? Because they lie first on one side, and then on the other, and remain wide awake all the time.You earn your living and you urn your dead.Try our sweet corn.You will smile from ear to ear.Irony

A figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense.For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.parody is a work created to mock, comment on, or poke fun at an original work, its subject, author, style, or some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.Beauty is more than skin deep.She had hesitated for a long time before she finally walked into love.Paradox:

A figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point.For example more haste, less speed.? His main feature is featurelessness.Oxymoron

A compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调)terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos and proud humility.Alliteration It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect.It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔)and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called “front rhyme”.For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.Rhyme A word that corresponds with another in terminal sound, as behold and cold.Correspondence of terminal sounds of words or of lines of verse

1.Spare the rod and spoil the child.孩子不打不成器。

如果孩子做了错事,却不严加管教,不予以惩罚,那么就很难端正其品德.源自《旧约全书》(the Old Testament)《箴言》(Proverbs)中的第十三章第二十四节.原句为: Those who spare the rod hate their children, but those who love them are diligent to discipline them.(不忍杖打儿子的,是憎恶儿子;疼爱儿子的,随时管教.)

2.the leopard cannot change his spots.江山易改,本性难移。

豹子生而有斑纹,岂能后天改变得了?同样,如果一个人天性恶劣,那么他将很难变好.语出《旧约全书》(the Old Testament)《耶利米书》(Jeremiah)中的第十三章第二十三节.原句为: Can Ethiopian change their skin or leopards their spots? Then also you can do good who are accustomed to do evil.(埃塞俄比亚人能改变其肤色吗?或者豹子能改变其豹斑吗?若能,你们这些惯行恶的便可行善了.)

3.As you sow, so shall you reap.自食其果。

种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆.若你过的是不道德的甚至是罪恶的生活,得到的回报无疑是惩罚而不是奖赏.源出《新约全书》(the New Testament)《加拉太书》(Galatians)中的第六章第七、八节.原句为:Do not be deceived;God is not mocked, for you reap whatever you sow.If you sow to your own flesh, you will reap corruption from the flesh;but if you sow to the Spirit, you will reap eternal life from the Spirit.(不要自欺,上帝是轻慢不得的.人种的是什么,收的也是什么.顺着情欲撒种的,必从情欲收败坏;顺着圣灵撒种的,必从圣灵收永生.)

4.Cast not the first stone.欲责他人,先思己过。

在谴责别人的过失之前,先要扪心自问,自己的行为是否无可指责,而不要不分青红皂白,首先谴责他人.源于《新约全书》(the New Testament)《约翰福音》(John)中的一个故事:耶稣(Jesus)清晨在圣殿讲道时,文士(the scribes)和法利赛人(the Pharisees)把一个与人通奸的妇人带到他面前,并说:“摩西(Moses)在律法上吩咐我们把这样的妇人用石头打死.你说该把她怎么样呢?”耶稣回答道:“Let anyone among you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her.”(你们中间谁是没有罪的,谁就可以拿石头打她.)他们听了这话后,由于“问心有愧”,一个个都出去了.5.It is better to give than to take.给予胜于索取。语出《新约全书》(the New Testament)《使徒行传》(Acts)中的第二十章第三十五节.原句为:In all this I have given you an example that by such work we must support the weak, remembering the words of the Lord Jesus, for he himself said, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.”(我凡事给你们做榜样,叫你们知道应当这样劳苦,扶助软弱的人,又当记住主耶稣的话,他说:“施舍比接受更有福.”)

6.the love of money is the root of all evil.爱财为万恶之源。

语出《新约全书》(the New Testament)《提摩太书》(Timothy)中的第六章第十节.原句为:For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil, and in their eagerness to be rich some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many pains.(贪财是万恶之根.有人贪恋钱财,就被引诱离了真道,用许多愁苦把自己刺透.)

7．Bone of The Bone and Flesh of the Flesh直译“骨中之骨,肉中之肉”,出自<圣经>中关于上帝造人的神话.常用来比喻血缘上的亲属关系或思想上的团结一致

据<旧约?创世纪>第2章叙述:太初之际,混沌未开,耶和华上帝开天辟地.第一天耶和华创造了白天和夜晚;第二天创造了天空和风云;第三天创造了高山峻岭.平原河流,以及富饶的土地和芳香的花果;第四天他又创造了太阳.月亮和星辰,确定年岁.季节.月份和日期;第五天他创造了各种形状和大小的鱼类和飞禽;第六天他才创造了各种陆上动物，然后他按照自己的形象用地上的尘土造出一个男人,名叫亚当(Adam),这就是神话中人类的始祖.后来,耶和华见押当独居无伴侣帮助他,于是,趁亚当沉睡的时候,从他身上取下一根肋骨造成了一个女人叫夏娃(Eve),领到他面前，亚当说：“This is bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh”（这是我骨中之骨,肉中之肉）。从此两人结为夫妻

Our army is bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the people.8.Adams Apple喉结

《旧约.创世纪》第3章讲到人类的起源，传说上帝创造人类的始祖亚当和夏娃，在东方的伊甸(Eden)建立了一个园子给他们居住。伊甸园里生长着悦人眼目的各种树木，树上长着各种各样的果实。上帝吩咐亚当说：你可以随意吃园中的各种果子，只是不能吃那棵分别善恶树上的果实，吃了必定要死。这种“禁果”就是apple。后来，亚当的配偶夏娃听信蛇的诱惑，不顾神谕，吃了善恶树上的禁果，还把这果子给它丈夫吃。亚当因心怀恐惧，吃时仓促，有一片果肉哽在吼中，不上不下，留下个结块，就叫“亚当的苹果”两人吃了这果子就心明眼亮，能知善恶美丑。但是由于他们违背了上帝的告戒而被逐出伊甸园。从此，亚当就永远在脖子前端留下“喉结”，作为偷吃禁果的“罪证”。上帝还惩罚亚当，“必汗流满面才能糊口”

不过也说一说是正当亚当吃的时候，上帝来了，所以亚当急忙吞下去，不料哽在喉咙间了。

Adams apple can be more clearly seen on men than women’s throats.9.Sell Ones Birthright for a Mess of Pottages因小失大；见利弃义

《旧约.创世纪》第25章记述了这样一个故事传说：犹太族长以撒的妻子利百加怀孕期间，感觉到2个胎儿在她腹内互相踢打，就去问耶和华，耶和华对她说：“两国在你腹内，两族要从你身上出来，这族必强于那族，将来大的要服小的。” 后来，利百加果然生下一对孪生兄弟，哥哥叫以扫，弟弟叫雅各。两兄弟长大后，以扫好动，常外出打猎；雅各则常在家里帮助料理家务。有一天，以扫打猎回来，又饥又渴，看见弟弟雅各在熬豆汤，就对他说：“我饿极了，给我喝点红豆汤吧！”雅各说：“你要喝汤，就把你的长子权卖给我。”以扫说：“你都要饿死了，要这长子权有什么用呢？”于是，他便按雅各的要求，对天起誓，把长子权卖给雅各，换来饼和红豆汤。以扫吃饱喝足后，起身走了。他哪里想到，为了这碗红豆汤，他的后裔便注定要服事雅各的后裔。

这个成语常缩略为for a mess of pottage的形式。有时也可用to sell ones birthrights.There are many, many people who are willing to prostitute their intelligence for a mess of pottage.10..The writing/Finger on the Wall不详之兆；大祸临头

据《旧约。但以理书》(Daniel)第５章记述：有一次古巴比伦(Babylonian)的国王伯沙撒(Belshazar)正在宫殿里设宴纵饮时，突然，不知从哪里出现了一个神秘的手指，当者国王的面，在王宫与灯台相对的粉墙上写西了四个奇怪的单词：MENE（弥尼）、MENE（弥尼）、ＴＥＫＥＬ（提客勒）、ＵＰＨＡＲＳＩＮＧ（乌法珥新）。国王张皇失措，惊恐万分，谁也不懂墙上所写的字是什么意思。后来叫来了被虏的犹太预言家但以理，才明白了这几个字的意思就是大难临头。他说：“弥尼就是上帝已经数算你国的年日到此为完毕；提客勒就是你被称在天平里显出你的亏欠；乌法珥新就是你的国分裂，归与玛代人和波斯人。”果然，当夜伯沙撒被杀，又６２岁的玛代人大利乌取而代之。

英语中这个成语有几种表达方式：the writing/handwriting on the wall或a finger on the wall,通常与be，like等系动词连用；有时写成see/read the writing on he wall的句型，表示提出警告,such as :Dont you see the writing on the wall, 有时候也可省略on the wall，只说Don’ you see the writing？意思也是一样的。

When Bills team lost four games in a row, he saw the handwriting on the wall.11.Not an iota of 有一点点，丝毫也不

iota是希腊字母表中第９个字母“Ｉ”的名称。not an iota of 出自《新约。马太福音》第５章：“律法的一点一画都不能废去，都要成全。”因为iota是希腊字母表中最小的一个字母，它有时可以写作一短横置于其他字母之上；遗漏这一点点对发音并无什么影响，只按规则不能减少而已。《福音书》所说的律法，系指“摩西律”，意即无论何人都不允许随便废去这戒律哪怕是最小的一条，甚至其中的一个字母，一个小小短横也不得更动或遗漏。

由此，在语言中遗留下来这个成语，转义表示not a bit of;not one jot or little;not at all等意思。iota在这里，相当于汉语“小不点儿”的意思。

There is not an iota of truth in the story.12.The Salt of the Earth社会中坚；民族精华；优秀份子

字面意思“世上的盐”

The Salt of the Earth一词出自《圣经》，据《新约。马太福音》（Matthew）第５长记载：耶稣对他的门徒说:“Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savor, wherewith shall it be salted? ” 在这里，salt用于转义，表示flavor；of the earth即of the world。这是耶稣登山垂训论“福”，所讲福音结尾的话，他把门徒比做“世上的盐”，这是极高的称赞。这句话在后世不断引用变成了一个典故性成语，转义为the most valuable members of society;the finest type of humanity;a person or a group of people having the best character 之意

You all are the salt of the earth.Our hope is placed on you

13.Cast pearls before swine 对牛弹琴；白费好意

意思是“珍珠投在猪猡前面”。swine是个旧词，书面词，即今为pigs,不过swine单复同行，本句为复数。这个成语源自《新约。马太福音》第7章：“Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn again and rend you”.由于to cast pearls before swine,比喻确切，在后世不断引用中而成为一个国际性成语，含有轻蔑嘲笑色彩。按其字面意义，这个成语与汉语成语“明珠暗投”相似，但是寓意不同，基本上不对应；按一比喻意义，它相当于“对牛弹琴”，“向驴说经”“一番好意给狗吃”“狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心”等。

She read them Shakespeare, but it was casting pearls before swine

14.a wolf in sheep's clothing批着羊皮的狼；貌善心恶的人

耶稣在加利利一带传道布教，收了很多信徒。有一天，他对门徒说:“Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves” Mrs.Martin trusted the lawyer until she realized that he was a wolf in sheep's clothing

15.separate the sheep from the goats区别好坏，分清良莠

《新约。马太福音》记述：“And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divides his sheep from the goats”

由于《圣经》的影响，sheep和goat在英语中的形象截然不同，前者比喻好人，后者比喻坏人。英语中有关goat的成语，大多贬义。如：to play the goat=play the fool（瞎胡闹）；to get sb's goat（触动肝火）；等等。《圣经》说牧羊人要分辨绵羊和山羊，“把绵羊安置右边，山羊左边”。据说野山羊常混进羊群里，引诱绵羊，故牧养人必须把它们区分开来，以免混淆。

We'll go through the list of members, and separate the sheep from the goats

▲一粒芥菜种（A Grain of mustard，）〔简释〕 比喻事物具有强大生命力。也比喻人生的进步过程。

出自《新约?马太福音》13章。〔原文〕 他（耶稣）又设个比喻对他们说：“天国好像一粒芥菜种，有人拿去种在田里。这原是百种里最小的。等到长起来，却比各样的菜都大，且成了树。”

▲一碗红豆汤（A red stew，）〔简释〕 比喻“因小失大”。

出自《旧约?创世纪》25章。〔原文〕 有一天，雅各熬汤，以扫从田野回来累昏了。以扫对雅各说：“我累昏了，求你把这红汤给我喝。”„„雅各说：“你今日把长子的名分卖给我罢。”以扫说：“我将要死，这长子的名分於我有甚麽益处呢？”雅各说：“你今日对我起誓罢！”以扫就对他起了誓，把长子的名分卖给雅各。於是雅各将饼和红豆汤给了以扫，以扫喝了，便起来走了。这就是以扫轻看了他长子的名分。

▲一只小母羊羔（One’s ewe lamb）〔简释〕 比喻最珍爱的东西。

出自《旧约?撒母尔记下》12章。〔原文〕 拿单到了大卫那里，对他说：“„„穷人除了所买来养活的一只小母羊羔之外，别无所有。羊羔在他家里和他儿女一同长大，吃他所吃的，喝他所喝的，睡在他怀中，在他看来如同女儿一样。”

▲三十块钱（Thirty pieces of silver）〔简释〕 比喻由出卖所得来的不义之财。

出自《新约?马太福音》26章。〔原文〕 那时，祭司长和民间的长老，聚集在大祭司称为该亚法的院里。大家商议，要用诡计拿住耶稣杀他。„„当下，十二门徒里，有一个称为加略人犹大的，去见祭司长说：“我把他交给你们，你们愿意给我多少钱？”他们就给了他三十块钱。从那时候，他就找机会，要把耶稣交给他们。

▲从眼睛上掉下鳞片（the scales fell from his eyes，）〔简释〕 比喻重见光明。

出自《新约?使徒行传》9章。〔原文〕 扫罗从地上起来，睁开眼睛，竟不能看见甚么。有人拉他的手，领他进了大马色。三日不能看见，也不吃，也不喝。„„亚拿尼亚就去了，进入那家，把手按在扫罗身上说：“兄弟扫罗，在你来的路上，向你显现的主，就是耶稣，打发我来，叫你能看见，又被圣灵充满。”扫罗的眼睛上，好像有鳞立刻掉下来，他就能看见，于是起来受了洗。吃过饭就健壮了。

▲心灵愿意，肉体软弱（The Spirit is Willing but the flesh is weak，）〔简释〕 比喻力不从心。

出自《新约?马太福音》26章，又见《马可福音》14章。〔原文〕（耶稣对门徒说）：“总要儆醒祷告，免得入了迷惑。你们心灵固然愿意，肉体却软弱了。”

▲以眼还眼，以牙还牙（Eye for eye，tooth for tooth）〔简释〕 即以其人之道，还治其人之身。

出自《旧约?出埃及记》21章，又见《利未记》24章，《申命记》19章，《新约?马太福音》5章。〔原文〕 若有别害，就要以命偿命，以眼还眼，以牙还牙，以手还手，以脚还脚，以烙还烙，以伤还伤，以打还打。

▲水桶的一滴（drop in the bucket）〔简释〕 比喻沧海一粟、九牛一毛。

出自《旧约?以赛亚书》40章。〔原文〕 看哪，万民都像水桶的一滴，又算如天平上的微尘。他举起众海岛，好像极微之物。

▲古蛇（The old serpent，）〔简释〕 比喻恶魔。

出自《新约?启示录》12章，20章 〔原文〕 在天上就有了争战。米迦勒同他的使者与龙争战。龙也同他的使者去争战。并没有得胜，天上再没有他们的地方。大龙就是那古蛇，名叫魔鬼，又叫撒但，是迷惑普天下的。他被摔在地上，他的使者也一同被摔下去。（12章）又：他捉住那龙，就是古蛇，又叫魔鬼，也叫撒但，把他捆绑一千年，扔在无底坑里，将无底坑关闭，用印封上，使他不得再迷惑列国，等到那一千年完了。以后必须暂时释放他。（20章）

▲打空气（beating the air）〔简释〕 比喻白费力气。

出自《新约?哥林多前书》9章。〔原文〕 所以我奔跑，不像无定向的。我斗拳，不像打空气的。

▲石头必要呼叫起来（stone will cry out）〔简释〕 原意指感情无法控制，后转用指坏事一定会暴露。

出自《新约?路加福音》19章 〔原文〕 众人中有几个法利赛人对耶稣说：“夫子，责备你的门徒罢。”耶稣说“我告诉你们，若是他们闭口不说，这些石头必要呼叫起来！”

▲可怒预备遭毁灭的器皿（Vessels of wrath）〔简释〕 比喻遭到天谴的人。

出自《新约?罗马书》9章。〔原文〕 倘若神要显明他的忿怒，彰显他的权能，就多多忍耐宽容那可怒预备遭毁灭的器皿。

▲归他永远的家（go to one’s long home）〔简释〕 指死亡。

出自《旧约?传道书》12章。〔原文〕 人所愿的也都废掉，因为人归他永远的家。

▲叫这杯离开我（let the cup pass from me）〔简释〕 比喻希望避免即将到来的苦难。

出自《新约?马太福音》26章。〔原文〕 他就稍往前走，俯伏在地祷告说：“我父啊，倘若可行，求你叫这杯离开我。然而不要照我的意思，只要照你的意思。”

▲包在手巾里（lay up a napkin）〔简释〕 比喻将什么东西藏起来不用。

出自《新约?路加福音》19章。〔原文〕 又有一个来说：“主啊，看哪！你的一锭银子在这里，我把他包在手巾里存著。”

▲用铁杖管理（rule with rod of iron）〔简释〕 比喻高压统治。

出自《旧约?诗篇》2章。〔原文〕 你必用铁杖打破他们。你必将他们如同窑匠的瓦器摔碎。

▲老的好象玛土撒拉（As old as Methuselah）〔简释〕 比喻长寿老人。

出自《旧约?创世纪》5章。〔原文〕 玛土撒拉共活了九百六十九岁就死了。

▲耳朵发痒（Having itching ears）〔简释〕 比喻喜欢听新鲜事情。

出自《新约?提摩太后书》4章。〔原文〕 因为时候要到，人必厌烦纯正的道理。耳朵发痒，就随从自己的情欲，增添好些师傅。并且掩耳不听真道，偏向荒渺的言语。

▲压伤的芦苇（broken reed，A）〔简释〕 比喻不可靠的人或事物。

出自《旧约?列王记下》18章，又《以赛亚书》36章。〔原文〕 看哪，你所倚靠的埃及是那压伤的苇杖人若靠这杖，就必刺透他的手。埃及王法老向一切倚靠他的人也是这样。

▲有夫之妇（land of Beulah）〔简释〕 比喻平安宁静的地方。

出自《旧约?以赛亚书》62章。〔原文〕 你必不再称为撇弃的，你的地也不再称为荒凉的，你却要称为我所喜悦的，你的地也必称为有夫之妇。因为耶和华喜悦你，你的地也必归他。

▲有权柄的（The powers that be，）〔简释〕 指政府或当局。

出自《新约?罗马人书》13章。〔原文〕 在上有权柄的，人人当顺服他。因为没有权柄不是出於神的。

▲有人打你的右脸，连左脸也转过来由他打（Whosoever Smiteth thee on thy right cheek，turn to him the other also）〔简释〕 比喻无原则地妥协和懦弱行为。

出自《新约?马太福音》5章。〔原文〕 只是我告诉你们，不要与恶人作对。有人打你的右脸，连左脸也转过来由他打。

▲灰马（The pale horse，）〔简释〕 指死亡。

出自《新约?启示录》 〔原文〕 我就观看，见有一匹灰马，骑在马上的，名字叫死。阴府也随着他。有权柄赐给他们，可以用刀剑、饥荒、瘟疫、野兽，杀害地上四分之一的人。

▲在房上宣扬（proclaim from the housetops）〔简释〕 比喻到处张扬，公开散布。出自《新约?路加福音》12章。〔原文〕 因此你们在暗中所说的，将要在明处被人听见。在室内附耳所说的，将要在房上被人宣扬。

▲在自己的葡萄树、无花果树下（Under one’s vine and fig tree）〔简释〕 比喻安居乐业。

出自《旧约?列王记上》4章。又见《弥迦书》4章和《撒迦亚书》10章。〔原文〕 所罗门在世的日子，从但到别是巴的犹大人和以色列人，都在自己的葡萄树下和无花果树下安然居住。

▲死人埋葬死人（Let the dead bury their dead）〔简释〕 比喻割舍旧情，抛弃往事。

出自《新约?马太福音》8章，又《路加福音》9章。〔原文〕 又有一个门徒对耶稣说，主阿，容我先回去埋葬我的父亲。耶稣说，任凭死人埋葬他们的死人，你跟从我罢。

▲吃喝吧！因为明天要死了（Let us eat and drink，for to morrow we shall die）〔简释〕比喻人生几何，要及时行乐。出自《旧约?以赛亚书》22章。〔原文〕 当那日，主万军之耶和华叫人哭泣哀号，头上光秃，身披麻布。谁知，人倒欢喜快乐，宰牛杀羊，吃肉喝酒，说：“我们吃喝罢，因为明天要死了。”

▲因大能的手（with a strong hand）〔简释〕 指强迫、强制。

出自《旧约?出埃及记》诸章。〔原文〕 耶和华对摩西说：“现在你必看见我向法老所行的事。使化因我大能的手容以色列人去，且把他们赶出他的地。”（1章）

▲因爱心所受的劳苦（Labour of love）〔简释〕 比喻不计报酬和自觉自愿的工作。

出自《新约?帖撒罗尼迦前书》1章。〔原文〕 在神我们的父面前，不住的记念你们因信心所作的工夫，因爱心所受的劳苦，因盼望我们主耶稣基督所存的忍耐。

▲肉中刺（thorn in the flesh）〔简释〕 比喻烦恼的根源。

出自《新约?哥林多后书》12章。〔原文〕 又恐怕我因所得的启示甚大，就过於自高，所以有一根刺加在我肉体上，就是撒但的差役，要攻击我，免得我过于自高。

▲先拿石头打他（cast the first stone）〔简释〕 比喻首先发难或先发制人。

出自《新约?约翰福音》7章。〔原文〕 他们还是不住的问他，耶稣直起腰来，对他们说：“你们中间谁是没有罪的，谁就可以先拿石头打他。”

▲先知回乡无人敬（A prophet is not without honour in his own country，）〔简释〕 比喻高明的人不被亲近熟悉的人理解。类似汉语“墙内开花墙外红”或“外来的和尚会念经”。

出自《新约?马太福音》13章。〔原文〕 耶稣对他们说，大凡先知，除了本地本家之外，没有不被人尊敬的。

▲伊甸园（Garden of Eden）〔简释〕 比喻人间乐土。

出自《旧约?创世纪》2章。〔原文〕 耶和华神在东方的伊甸立了一个园子，把所造的人安置在那里。耶和华神使各样的树从地里长出来，可以悦人的眼目，【其上的果子】好作食物。园子当中又有生命树和分别善恶的树。有河从伊甸流出来，滋润那园子，从那里分为四道。

▲血田（Field of blood，The Akeldama）〔简释〕 比喻不正当得来的财产。

出自《使徒行传》1章。〔原文〕 这人用他作恶的工价，买了一块田，以后身子仆倒，肚腹崩裂，肠子都流出来。住在耶路撒冷的众人都知道这事，所以按著他们那里的话，给那块田起名叫亚革大马，就是血田的意思。

▲自己眼中的梁木（A Beam in one’s eye，）〔简释〕 比喻自身存在的严重缺陷。

出自《新约?马太福音》7章。又见《路加福音》6章。〔原文〕 为甚么看见你弟兄眼中有刺，却不想自己眼中有梁木呢？你自己眼中有梁木，怎能对你弟兄说，容我去掉你眼中的刺呢？

▲如同火星飞腾（As the sparks fly upward）〔简释〕 比喻不可逆转的规律。

出自《旧约?约伯记》5章。〔原文〕 人生在世必遇患难，如同火星飞腾。

▲好心的撒玛利亚人（good Samaritan，A）〔简释〕 代指行善的人。

出自《新约?路加福音》10章 〔原文〕 惟有一个撒玛利亚人，行路来到那里。看见他就动了慈心，上前用油和酒倒在他的伤处，包裹好了，扶他骑上自己的牲口，带到店里去照应他。第二天拿出二钱银子来，交给店主说：“你且照应他。此外所费用的，我回来必还你。”

▲束上腰（gird one’s loins）〔简释〕 比喻要做好准备。

出自《新约?彼得前书》1章。〔原文〕 所以要约束你们心中的腰，谨慎自守，专心盼望耶稣基督显现的时候所带来给你们的恩。

▲把房子盖在沙土上（built the house upon the Sand）〔简释〕 比喻基础不牢固。

出自《新约?马太福音》7章。〔原文〕 凡听见我这话不去行的，好比一个无知的人，把房子盖在沙土上。

▲把脚上的土跺下去（shake off the dust of your feet）〔简释〕 比喻毅然离开，或完全脱离。

出自《新约?马太福音》10章。〔原文〕 凡不接待你们，不听你们的话的人，你们离开那家，或是那城的时候，就把脚上的尘土跺下去。

▲把炭火堆在他的头上（Heap coals of fore upon his head）〔简释〕 比喻受其感化。

出处《旧约?箴言》25章 〔原文〕 你的仇敌，若饿了就给他饭吃，若渴了就给他水喝。因为你这样行，就是把炭火堆在他的头上。

▲连腿带屁股地痛打（smite hip and thigh）〔简释〕 比喻彻底压倒对方，打败敌人。

出自《旧约?士师记》15章。〔原文〕 参孙对非利士人说：“你们既然这样行，我必向你们报仇才肯罢休。” 参孙就大大地击杀他们，连腿带腰都砍断了。

▲求面包给石头（ask for bread and be given a stone）〔简释〕 西方有“要面包给石头”的说法，从此演变而成。意为所得非所需。出自《新约?马太福音》7章，又《路加福音》11章。〔原文〕 你们中间，谁有儿子求饼，反给他石头呢？（《马太福音》。

▲吹灭将残的灯火（quench smoking flax）〔简释〕 比喻落井下石或使有希望的事物遭到夭折。

出自《旧约?以赛亚书》42章。〔原文〕 压伤的芦苇，他不折断。将残的灯火，他不吹灭。他凭真实将公理传开。

▲旷野的呐喊（voice(crying)in the wilderness，A）〔简释〕 比喻号召没有人响应。

出自《新约?马太福音》3章。〔原文〕 那时，有施洗的约翰出来，在犹太的旷野传道，说：“天国近了，你们应当悔改！”

▲我是阿拉法，我是俄梅戛（I am Alpha and Omega）〔简释〕 比喻事物的开始和结尾，或事情的全部。出自《新约?启示录》1章，21章，22章。〔原文〕 主神说：“我是阿拉法，我是俄梅戛，是昔在今在以后永在的全能者。”（1章）又：“我是阿拉法，我是俄梅戛，我是首先的，我是末后的，我是初，我是终。”

▲我必将大卫家的钥匙放在他的肩头上（The Key of the house of Davis will I lay upon his shoulder，）〔简释〕 西方以“将钥匙放到肩上”比喻委任重大任务。出自《旧约?以赛亚书》22章。〔原文〕 我必将大卫家的钥匙放在他肩头上。他开，无人能关，他关，无人能开。

▲你们愿意人怎样待你们，你们也要怎样待人（ye would that men should do unto you，even so do ye also unto them）〔简释〕 意为以己推人，己所不欲，勿施于人。出自《新约?马太福音》7章，又《路加福音》6章。〔原文〕 所以无论何事，你们愿意人怎样待你们，你们也要怎样待人。因为这就是律法和告知的道理。

▲无草作砖（Make brick without straw）〔简释〕 比喻无米之炊。

出自《旧约?出埃及记》5章。〔原文〕 你们不可照常把草给百姓作砖，叫他们自己去捡草。他们素常作砖的数目，你们仍旧向他们要，一点不可少。

▲犹大之吻（Judas’ Kiss，A）〔简释〕 比喻可耻的叛卖、变节行为。

出自《新约?马太福音》26章。〔原文〕 那卖耶稣的，给了他们一个暗号，说：“我与谁亲嘴，谁就是他。你们可以拿住他。”犹大随即到耶稣跟前说“请拉比安！”就与他亲嘴。耶稣对他说：“朋友，你来要作的事，就作罢。”於是那些人上前，下手拿住耶稣。

▲怀中的妻（Wife of one’s bosom）〔简释〕 意为最亲爱的妻子。

出自《旧约?申命记》12章，28章等。〔原文〕 你的同胞弟兄，或是你的儿女，或是你怀中的妻，„„

▲没有种的地方要收割（Reap where a person has not sown）〔简释〕 比喻抢夺他人的劳动成果或不劳而获。出自《新约?马太福音》25章。〔原文〕 主人回答说，你这又恶又懒的仆人，你既知道我没有种的地方要收割，没有散的地方要聚敛。

▲穷的象约伯（poor as Job）〔简释〕 西方以“象约伯那样”或“穷的象约伯”比喻一贫如洗。

出自《旧约?约伯记》1章。〔原文〕（在上帝的允许下，撒但考验约伯，夺走了约伯所有的一切财产。约伯变成了一个穷人。）约伯便起来，撕裂外袍，剃了头，伏在地上下拜。说：“我赤身出於母胎，也必赤身归回。”

▲灵巧象蛇，驯良象鸽子（Wise as Serpents and harmless as doves）〔简释〕 西方常以蛇喻机巧，以鸽子喻善良。出自《新约?马太福音》10章。〔原文〕 我差你们去，如同羊进入狼群。所以你们灵巧像蛇，驯良像鸽子。

▲拦路狮子（lion in the way）〔简释〕 比喻想象中的危险或障碍。

出自《旧约?箴言》22章。〔原文〕 懒惰的人说，外头有狮子，我在街上，就必被杀。

▲披麻蒙灰（wear Sackeloth and ashes）〔简释〕 西方以“披麻蒙灰”表示悔恨之情。

出自《旧约?但以理书》9章。〔原文〕 我便禁食，披麻蒙灰，定意向主神祈祷恳求。我向耶和华我的神祈祷，认罪。

▲披着羊皮的狼（wolf in sheep’s clothing）〔简释〕 比喻以伪善面孔出现的恶人。

出自《新约?马太福音》7章。〔原文〕 你们要防备假先知。他们到你们这里来，外面披着羊皮，里面却是残暴的狼。

▲软弱的器皿（The weaker vessel，）〔简释〕 喻指妇女。

出自《新约?彼得前书》3章。〔原文〕 你们作丈夫的，也要按情理和妻子同住。因他是软弱的器皿，与你一同承受生命之恩的，所以要敬重他。

▲往自己的地方去（Go to one’s own place）〔简释〕 指死亡。

出自《新约?使徒行传》1章。〔原文〕 这位分犹大已经丢弃，往自己的地方去了。

▲金罐破裂（The Golden bowl is broken，）〔简释〕比喻理想破灭，或希望化为泡影。

出自《旧约?传道书》 〔原文〕 人所愿的也都废掉，因为人归他永远的家，吊丧的在街上往来，银链折断，金罐破裂，瓶子在泉旁损坏，水轮在井口破烂，尘土仍归於地，灵仍归於赐灵的神。

▲狗所吐的他转过来又吃（dog returns to the vomit，The）〔简释〕 比喻恶习不改，本性难移。

出自《新约?彼得后书》2章。〔原文〕 俗语说得真不错，狗所吐的他转过来又吃，猪洗净了又回到泥里去滚。

▲放在斗里的灯（Hide one’s light under a bushel）〔简释〕 英语中反用耶稣的话，比喻真人不露相。

出自《新约?马太福音》5章，又《马可福音》4章，《路加福音》11章。〔原文〕 人点灯，不放在斗底下，是放在灯台上，就照亮一家的人（《马太福音》）。又：耶稣又对他们说：“人拿灯来，岂是放在斗底下，床底下，不放在灯台上么？”（《马可福音》）又：没有人点灯放在地窖子里，或是斗底下，总是放在灯台上，使进来的看得见亮光。

▲油膏里的一只苍蝇（fly in the ointment，A）〔简释〕 比喻美中不足。

出自《旧约?传道书》10章。〔原文〕 死苍蝇，使作香的膏油发出臭气。这样，一点愚昧，也能败坏智慧和尊荣。

▲该撒的物当归该撒（rdnder to caesar the things that are caesar’s）〔简释〕 比喻物归原主。

出自《新约?马太福音》22章，又见《马可福音》12章，《路加福音》20章。〔原文〕 耶稣说：“这样，该撒的物当归给该撒，神的物当归给神。”

▲经过水火（go through fire and water）〔简释〕 比喻赴汤蹈火，危险的经历。

出自《旧约?诗篇》66章。〔原文〕 你使人坐车轧我们的头。我们经过水火。你却使我们到丰富之地。

▲茵陈和苦胆（gall and wormwood）〔简释〕 表示极其艰苦的处境或苦恼的事情。

出自《旧约?耶利米哀书》3章，又《阿摩司书》6章。〔原文〕 耶和华啊，求你记念我如茵陈和苦胆的困苦窘迫。（《耶利米哀书》）又：你们却使公平变为苦胆，使公义的果子变为茵陈。（《阿摩司书》）

▲要照愚昧的人的愚妄的话回答他（answer a fool according to one’s folly）〔简释〕 比喻用对方的方法对付对方。出自《旧约?箴言》26章。〔原文〕 要照愚昧人的愚妄话回答他，免得他自以为有智慧。

▲按外貌待人（respect of persons）〔简释〕 此为反应《圣经》中语，比喻以貌取人或嫌贫爱富、待人接物不公正。出自《新约?雅各书》2章。〔原文〕 我的弟兄们，你们信奉我们荣耀的主耶稣基督，便不可按着外貌待人。

▲背起他的十字架（bear one’s cross）〔简释〕 比喻忍受苦难。

出自《新约?马太福音》16章，又见《马可福音》8章，《路加福音》23章。〔原文〕 于是耶稣对门徒说，若有人要跟从我，就当舍己，背起他的十字架，来跟从我。

▲看到果子可知树（The tree is known by its fruit，）〔简释〕 比喻观其言行可知其人。

出自《新约?马太福音》12章。〔原文〕 你们或以为树好，果子也好；树坏，果子也坏。因为看到果子，就可以知道树。

▲看到弟兄眼里的刺，不想自己眼里有梁（And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brohter’s eye，but considerest not the beam that is in chine own eye）〔简释〕 比喻正人先正己。

出自《新约?马太福音》7章。又见《路加福音》6章。参看“自己眼中的梁木（Beam in one’s eye，A）”

〔原文〕 为甚么看见你弟兄眼中有刺，却不想自己眼中有梁木呢？你自己眼中有梁木，怎能对你弟兄说，容我去掉你眼中的刺呢？

▲便雅悯那一份（Benjamin’s mess）〔简释〕 英语指“最大的份额”。

出自《旧约?创世纪》43章。〔原文〕 约瑟把他面前的食物分出来，送给他们，但便雅悯所的比别人多五倍。

Wisdom is a defence.智慧庇护人.Truth will make you free.真理会让你们得到自由。No lie is of the truth.没有谣言出自真理。

A good name is better than riches.美名胜过财富。No man can serve two masters.一仆难事二主。

Love one's neighbor as oneself.爱人如己。

It is more blessed to give than to receive.施与比索取更有福。The water wears away stone.水滴石穿。The spirit is willing but the frPrefix: 1 a: ________ atypical, amoral, apolitical ab, abs ________: abnormal, abuse, abduct, abstract, abrupt # abstain, abscise 3 ad, adapt, adept, adopt, adhere, adjacent adjoin, administrate adjust, advent 4 ac, ad, af, ag, an, ap, ar, as, at ___________: accessible, adopt, addict, attach, attain 5 amphi: ___________: amphibian, amphicar 6 an: _______: anarchy, anonymous 7 ante: ________ antecedent anti___________, antibiotics, antibacteria, antibody 9 fem: ________ feminine, femininity, feminism 10 be________: benumb, befriend, beware, belittle, befall 11 bene________: benevolence, benevolent, # benediction 12 bi_____: bilingual, bilateral, biannual 13 by_______: byproduct, byroad, bypath 14 co, col, com, con, cor: ___________: coexistence, cohere, coincidence, coordinate, collaborate, collapse, colloquial, correspond, corrupt, compassion, compatriot, contemporary, condense, compact 15 contra, counter, _________: contradict, counterattack 16 de ________: devaluation, detrain, depression, decapitation, deforestation, defrost, decode, derailment 17 bi________: dioxide, dilemma, digest, dilute, diminish, divorce, diffusion 18 e________: evade, elaborate, eject, emerge, eradicate 19 em, en_______: embrace, empathy, embarrass, enroll, encage 20 en(em)_______: anact, enlighten, enchant, empower, embody 21 eu________: euphemism, eulogize, euthanasia # eugenics euphonious 22 ex____: exaggerate, exclusive, expel, exposure, exhale, extract, exotic 23 extra_______: extracurricular, extravagant, extraviolet 24 fore, pre ________: forefather, foreman, foreshadow 25 homo______: homogeneous, homosexual, homonym 26 hyper, super_______: hypersensitive, hypercritical, hyperbole 27 in, il, im, ir _______: illiterate, irrational, irreversible, immune, invalid, impartial, indifferent 28 im, in_________: impel, imprison, impulsive, implicit, incentive, inspire, incorporate, inflame 29 inter:______ intervene, intervention, intersection, interval, interpret, intercept, intercourse, intercontinental, interfere, interrupt 30 macro, micro ___: macrostructure, # macrobian, 31 mal, mis ____: malady, malice, malicious, malnutrition, maltreat, malpractice 31 maxi, medi, mini____: maximum, miniature, minute, minimum, medieval, medium, Mediterranean 32 mono, uni: ______ monopolize, monopoly, monotonous, unanimous, unisex, unify, unification, uniform, unity, universal, unique 33 multi_______: multiple, multiply, multiplication, multitude 34 non_____: nonsense, nonexistent 35 out:________ outrage, outrageous, outlive, outshine, outdo, outwit, outgun 35 out_______: outward, outskirts, outset, outlook, outline, outcome, outlaw, outlet 36 over____: overtake, overturn, overthrow,overnight 37 over_____: overlook, overwhelm, overwhelming, overbridge, overlap, overcoat, overcast 38 over____: overtime, overdue, overflow, overdose, overdo, overdraft, overgrown # overhear 39 para____: parallel, parade, paradox, 40pan: _______ PanAmerican panorama 41per____: permanent, perpetual, perseverance, perplex, persistence, persistent, perspective, perspire 42 poly_____: polytechnic, polyfunctional 43 post______: postpone, postgraduate, postwar 44 pre ________: precaution, precede, precedent, previous, predecessor, predominant, preface, prehistoric, prejudice, preliminary, prelude, premise, prescribe 45 pro_______: progress, proceed, promote, profess, prominent, proclaim # provoke 46 sub_____: subconscious, submarine, submerge, submissive, subordinate, subscribe, subsequent, subsidiary, subsidize 47 trans__________: transfer, transaction, transition, transformation, transmit, transparency, transparent, transplant

Root: ag_________: agenda, agile, agent 2 alter______: alternative, alternate 3)am______: amiable, amorous, amour 4)ceed,ced, cees: precede, proceed, recede, recession, precedent, secede, secession, succeed, successor, successive, access, accessible 5)cern, cert, cre ________: discern, ascertain, certificate, discrete 6)chron______: chronic, chronology, synchronic 6 cid, cis_______: homicide 杀人（homi人＋cide）insecticide, suicide, pesticide, concise, precise 7 circ,cycl ___________: circus, circulation, cyclone, recycle 8 cit: ______: cite, incite, recite 9 clam: ______, exclaim, acclaim, proclaim 10 clin, cliv=lean,slope decline, incline, declination 11 corp,corpor=body,: 12 cracy=rule, autocracy, democracy, bureaucracy 神权统治 13 creed,cred________: credulous, credible, credit, creed crit: _______criteria, hypocrite14 cult ________: cultivate, culture, agriculture, cult 15 dem_______: democracy, demography, epidemic 16 dent: _________ dentist, dental 17 dict: ______ diction, predict;contradict, abdicate, dedicate, addict 18 doc______: docile, doctrine 19 don: _____ donation, donor, pardon 20 du, dub, doub: ______ dual, dubious 21 duc, duct: ______ deduce, induce, seduce, abduct 22 dur_______: duration, endure, durable 23 dyn, dym_________: dynasty, dynamic, dynamics, dynamite 24 equ: ________: equation, equator, equilibrium, equivalent 25 fact, fect, fict _______: facilitate, facility, manufacture, affect, defect, infect, proficient, sufficient 26 fer: ______offer, ferry, confer, refer, transfer, conference 27 fid: ________ fidelity, confide, confidant, confidential 28 fin: _______ finite, infinite, confine, define, definite 29 flect, flex: _______ reflection, flexible, inflection, inflexible 30 flict: ________ conflict, afflict, inflict 32 flu: _______ flow, fluency, affluent 33 fore, fort: ________ fort, enforce, fortify 34 form: _______ formula, transform, deformed, uniformity, performance, conformity 35 fra _______: fragile, fragment, fraction, frail 36 fus: ________ infuse, refuse, diffuse, transfuse 37 gen,gener _________: generate, generator 38 graph: _____ autograph, autobiography 39 grad: _______ gradual, degradation 40 grat: ______ gratitude, gratification 41 grav: ________ gravity, aggravate, grief 42 gress: ______ progress, regress, congress, aggression 43 habit: ________ habitat, habitant, cohabit, inhabit 44 hum: ______ humble, humility, humiliate 45 hydro________ dehydrate, hydro power station 46 it: ______ exit, transitional, ambition, initiative, initiate, initial 47 ject: _____ inject, subject, project, reject, object 48 juv: ______ juvenile, rejuvenation 49 labor: ____ collaborate, elaborate, laborious 50 let, leg: ______ dialect, legible, eligible, legal, legitimate, legislative 51 log, logu_______: analogy, monologue, prologue 52 logy: ______ meteorology, geology, theology 53 man, manu: _________ manual, manufacture, manuscript, manipulate 54 loqu______: colloquial, eloquent 55 memo: ______ memorandum, memorial 56 merge: _______ emerge, submerge, merge, immerse 57 migr: _______ immigrant, migrate, emigrate 58 min_______: eminent, eminence, imminent, prominent 59 mit, miss________: mission, submit, transmit, emit, omit, submission 60 mob, mo______: mobility, mob, automobile, immobility, motivate, motivation, motive

mod: _______ modesty, moderate, modify, accommodate, outmoded 62 mort____: mortal, immortal, mortality, mortgage 63 mount: ______ surmount, mounting 64 muni____: municipal, community, immune, immunity 64 navy, astro, geo, solar, lunar

nov____: novel, novelty, innovation, novice, renovate 66 opt: ______ option, adopt, optional 67 pat, pass, path: ________ passion, passive, impassive, compassion, patience, compatible, sympathy, empathy, apathy, antipathy 68 ped____: pedal, pedestrian, centipede, expedition, impede, peddle, pedlar 69 pel, puls____: compel, propel, repel, dispel, expel, compulsion, compulsory, impulse, repulsive 70 pet______: petition, appetite, appetizer, impetus, incompetent, perpetual 71 phon: ___________symphony, phonograph, phonetics 72 port: _________ porter, portable, transport, export, import 73 pos: ________ compose, dispose, expose, deposit, impose, exposition 74 prais, preci: _______ appraisal, depreciation, appreciative 75 prim: _______ primary, primitive, prime 76 pri: ______ privacy, privilege, deprive 77 rupt: ______ erupt, abrupt, corrupt, interrupt, disrupt 78 scend_______: ascend, descend, descendant, descent, transcend 79 sci________: conscience, conscious, conscientious 80 scribe: _______ prescribe, ascribe, subscribe, inscribe, scribble, manuscript, transcribe 81 sequ: _______ subsequent, sequence, consequence 82 sect, seg____: section, intersection, segment, segregation 83 Simil, simul, sembl_________: simile, simulate, resemble, assimilate, assemble 84 sist: _______ assist, consistent, persistence, resistance 85 sol_____: solo, solitude, solitary, isolation 86 soph____: sophisticated, sophomore, philosophy # pansophic 87 speci____: species, specimen, specialty, specification 88 spect: ______perspective, prospect, spectacle, inspect, spectator, # auspice, introspect 89 tain____: attainment, attainable, retain, detain, sustainable 90 termin: ______ terminal, terminate, terminator 91 thermo: ______ thermos, thermometer, thermology 92 tort: _______ torture, distort, retort 93 tract: _______ abstract, distract, extract, subtract, contract 94 tribut: ______ tribute, attribute, contribute, distribute 95 urb: _______ suburb, urban, urbane 96 us, ut: ______ utility, utilize, utilitarian, utilitarianism, utensil 97 vac, void, van: ______ vacuum, vanity, vacant, evacuation, vanish, devoid 98 vad, vas: _______ invade, invasion, evasive, pervasive 99 vail: _________ avail, prevail, prevalent, invalidity 100 ver, ert: _______ convert, revert, reverse, versatile, controversy, divert, diversity 101 vis, vid: _______ visual, supervise, revision 102 viv: _______ survival, revival, vivid, vital, vitality, vigor, vitamin 103 voc: _______ vocal, advocate, evoke, provoke 104: vol: _______ revolve, revolutions, evolution, volume, revolver

Suffix:

nominal 1)–crat, _____ technocrat, EUcrat, The education system of that country seems devoted only to the able and clever—the meritocrats.2)______–ee detainee, evacuee, draftee, flunkee, cursee, the huggee

3)–eer____ auctioneer, profiteer, sloganeer, racketeer, go racketeering, pamphleteering

4)–er, ______1 hatter, glover 2 diner, chopper 3 typewriter, cooker, thriller # backgrounder, face-saver, attention-getter, The scene-stealers were located in Los Angeles.学龄前儿童，他只是个事后诸葛亮，Supporters of the Concorde hail the jet as a revolutionary globe-shrinker.5)–nik beatnik, peacenik, protestnik, 计算机迷，影迷

6)--(i)an, ______ 1republican, Darwinian 2 Parisian, Indonesian，7)–ant, _____ informant, lubricant，8)—ling, duckling, hireling, princeling， underling，9)–manship, _______salesmanship, statesmanship, brinkmanship, 写作方法，获取拨款的本事

10）-ese, ________ 1 Burmese, Cantonese, officialese, journalese, anchormanese, gansterese, 11)–speak, doublespeak, newspeak, oldspeak, bureauspeak, summitspeak, Feaudspeak

12)–ism, _________ relativism, sophism, rheumatism, activism, euphemism, wittism, Methodism, fanaticism, tourism.# consumerism, nuclearism, 旷课，乐观，13)-ocracy _______, aristocracy, meritocracy, 14)–let, ______, pamphlet, starlet，15)–ette-______, dinette, leatherette, usherette, suffragette

16)–itis _____ vacationitis, golfitis

–holic, colaholic, cyberholic, movie-holic

17)frequently used nominal suffixes:-mania,-athon,-cast,-gate,-meister, buster, cide，II Adjective and Adverbs –ed, ________ dogged, ragged, rugged, 尖的，巧克力味蛋糕，自谋职业的，2 –ish _______ snobbish, childish, greenish, coldish, Turkish, He is 70ish.3 –y ______, felt toasty by the fire, It was all very neat and Christmasy, splashy spectacles, 4 –esque __________ picturesque, romanesque, arabesque 5 –ward(s), 民工的返乡流-bound,-oriented 6 –wise, _______crabwise, moneywise, education-wise, 7 –friendly esh is weak.心有余力不足。

Let the dead bury their own dead.既往不咎。

A little fire can kindle the forest.星星之火，可以燎原。

Treat others the way you would like to be treated.已所不欲，勿施于人。A good name is better than riches.美名胜过财富。