第一篇：201212 网络大学英语写作复习资料
201212大学英语B统考—— 写作（共九类）一类：我的某某人，如老师，妈妈，同学，朋友等。题目：My English Teacher（我的英语老师）/ My Teacher in High School（我的高中老师）/ My Teacher（我的老师）/ A(Good)Teacher to Remember（一位难忘的老师）/ My Favorite Teacher（我最喜爱的老师）
My English teacher is Miss Wang.She is a beautiful lady.She has a round face and bright eyes.She is always smiling.Miss Wang is a good teacher.She works very hard.Every day she comes to school very early and is always the last one to leave.She speaks very good English and she teaches well.She also tells us what are the right things to do.She is a motherly teacher.She treats us as her own children and takes good care of us.She is so kind that everyone loves her.This is Miss Wang, my favorite teacher.I feel so lucky to have her as my teacher.I hope that someday I can be a teacher just like her.王老师是我的英语老师。她很漂亮。她长着一张圆脸和一对明亮的眼睛。她总是在微笑着。
王老师是一位好老师。她工作非常努力。每天她都很早到学校，总是最后一个离开。她英语说得很棒，教得也很好。而且她还教我们如何明辨是非。她是慈母般的老师。她把我们当作自己的孩子一样看待，细心照顾我们。她人很好，大家都喜欢她。
这就是王老师，我最喜爱的老师。我为有她这样的老师而感到幸运。我希望有朝一日我也能成为像她这样的老师。
题目：My Best Friend（我最好的朋友）/ My Close Friend（我的好朋友）/ My Best Schoolmate（我最好的同学）/ My Classmates（我的同学们）/ My Best Workmate（我最好的同事）
Li Xia is my best friend.She is an English teacher.She is a beautiful lady.She has a round face and bright eyes.She is always smiling.Li Xia is a good teacher.She works very hard.Every day she comes to school very early and is always the last one to leave.She speaks very good English and she teaches well.She also tells her students what are the right things to do.She is a motherly teacher.She treats her students as her own children and takes good care of them.She is so kind that everyone loves her.This is Li Xia, my best friend.I feel so lucky to have her as my best friend.I hope that we will be best friends forever.李霞是我最好的朋友。她是一位英语老师。她很漂亮。她长着一张圆脸和一对明亮的眼睛。她总是在微笑着。
李霞是一位好老师。她工作非常努力。每天她都很早到学校，总是最后一个离开。她英语说得很棒，教得也很好。而且她还教她的学生如何明辨是非。她是慈母般的老师。她把她的学生当作自己的孩子一样看待，细心照顾他们。她人很好，大家都喜欢她。
这就是李霞，我最好的朋友。我为有她这样的好朋友而感到幸运。我希望我们永远都是最好的朋友。
题目：My Mother（我的母亲）/ The One I Love Most（我最爱的人）/ My Family（我的家庭）/ The Man I Love Most in My Life（生命中我最爱的人）/ My Father（我的父亲）/ My Beloved Grandparents（我挚爱的祖父母）
My mother is an English teacher.She is a beautiful lady.She has a round face and bright eyes.She is always smiling.My mother is a good teacher.She works very hard.Every day she comes to school very early and is always the last one to leave.She speaks very good English and she teaches well.She also tells herstudents what are the right things to do.She is a motherly teacher.She treats her students as her own children and takes good care of them.She is so kind that everyone loves her.This is my mother.I feel so lucky to have her as my mother and I love her.I hope that someday I can be a teacher just like her.我的母亲是一位英语老师。她很漂亮。她长着一张圆脸和一对明亮的眼睛。她总是在微笑着。
我的母亲是一位好老师。她工作非常努力。每天她都很早到学校，总是最后一个离开。她英语说得很棒，教得也很好。而且她还教她的学生如何明辨是非。她是慈母般的老师。她把她的学生当作自己的孩子一样看待，细心照顾他们。她人很好，大家都喜欢她。
这就是我的母亲。我为有她这样的母亲而感到幸运，我爱她。我希望有朝一日我也能成为像她这样的老师。
二类：计划类，如国庆计划安排，新年安排，假期
安排等。
My Plan for the National Day Holiday（我的国庆假期
计划）
The National Day Holiday is coming.It is a very important festival in China.Everybody has his or her plan for the National Day Holiday.I have a plan, too.My plan is as follows:
First, I’ll take a good rest, as I’m always busy with my work.Second, I want to stay with my parents.I’m not usually together with them.Third, I want to meet some of my friends and relatives, as these days we don’t see each other often.Fourth, I want to give my room a good cleaning.Finally, I will study English for the coming examination.This is my plan for the coming National Day Holiday
国庆假期要到了。这在中国是一个非常重要的节日。每个人对于国庆节都有自己的计划。我也有一个计划。我的计划如下：
首先，我要好好休息一下，因为我平时工作很忙。第二，我想陪陪父母，我并不是经常与他们在一起。第三，我想见见一些亲戚朋友，因为我们现在不怎么有机会见面。第四，我想好好打扫一下房间。最后，我想为即将到来的考试学习下英语。
这就是我对即将到来的国庆假期的计划。以上范文可套用的题目：The Chinese New Year（中国新年）/ My Plan for the Spring Festival（我的春节计划）/ My Plan for Summer Vacation（我的暑假计划）/My travel plan（我的旅行计划）
三类：学习类
题目：Why I Study English?（我为什么学习英语？）/ Why Do Students Like Learning English?（为什么学生喜欢学习英语？）/ Why I Like Learning English?（为什么我喜欢学英语？）
English is an international language.It is very useful.I like English very much.And this is how I study English.First, I remember 30 English words every day.Second, I go over the grammar points regularly.Third, I read articles in English newspaper and I read simple novels in English.Fourth, I listen to English radio programs and watch English TV programs.Finally, I listen to English music and watch English movies.This is how I study English.As a result, I’m more and more interested in English and my English has improved greatly.Practice makes perfect.If I keep practicing, I believe that my English will be better and better.英语是一门国际性语言。它非常有用。我非常喜欢英语。我就是这样学习英语的。
首先，我每天背30个英文单词。第二，我定期复习语法要点。第三，我阅读英文报纸的文章以及简单的英文小说。第四，我听英语的广播节目，看英语的电视节目。最后，我听英文音乐，看英文电影。
我就是这样学习英语的。结果，我现在对英语更感兴趣了，英语也有了很大的进步。熟能生巧。如果我继续不断练习的话，我的英语将会变得越来越棒。
以上范文可套用的题目：Self-study（自学）/How to Achieve Success of Distance Learning?（如何在远程学习中获得成功）/(My)School Life（我的学校生活）/My First Year in College（大学生活的第一年）/My Study Plan（我的学习计划）/How to Learn English Well?（如何学好英语？）/My English Study（我的英语学习）/How to Overcome Difficulties in My English Studies?（如何克服英语学习中的困难？）/ Never Give Up（永远不要放弃）/My Study Plan（我的学习计划）/ My Dream（我的理想）/ My Hobbies（我的爱好）/Why I Like Learning English为何我喜欢英语
四类：优点和缺点
Television / About Television（电视）
TV plays the vital role in our life.TV can be seen everywhere in our daily life.Almost each family has one TV set.However, there is a good side and a bad side to everything, and TV is no exception.TV has its advantages.TV is very important to help me to get information and knowledge.Various TV programs make me get to know the world and help me with my studies.However, TV also has its disadvantages.Watching too much TV program can waste a lot of time.Some programs are boring and useless, and they can bring us bad information.So, every coin has two sides, we should choose the right one.电视在我们生活中扮演重要角色。电视在我们生活中随处可见。每个家庭都有电视。然而每件事都有他的两面性，电视也不例外。
电视有它的有点。电视能帮助我获得信息。丰富的电视节目让我不断的了解世界帮助我学习。
但是，电视也有缺点。看太多电视浪费时间。有些节目无聊没用，并且会给我们带来坏的信息。
总之，一个硬币有它的两面，我们要选择好的那面。
以上范文可套用的题目： The Computer（电脑）/The Digital Products（数码产品）/ About Internet（论网络）/My Favorite TV Program（我最爱的电视节目）/ On Money（关于金钱）/ Money Is Not Everything（金钱不是万能的）/ Can Money Buy Happiness?（钱能带来快乐吗？）/Private Cars in China（中国私家车）/Buy A Car Or Not?（买不买车？）/ On Private Cars（关于私家车）/ Advantages And Disadvantages of the Mobile Phone（手机的利与弊）/ My Opinion on Cell Phones（我对于手机的看法）/On TV Ads（关于电视广告）/ My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements（广告的负面影响）
五类：运动类
题目：Do Physical Exercise（锻炼身体）/ About Physical Exercise（体育锻炼）/ The Sport Activities I Like Best（我最喜欢的体育活动）/ Sports（运动）
Everyone hopes to live happily in the world.There is a famous saying: life lies on exercise.So exercise can help you live longer and more healthily.First, exercise is good for us to build our bodies.It makes the heart beat faster and make us stranger.Sports can also make us eat more than usual which contributes to our bodies.Second, exercise can make us happy.Some sport like basketball is interesting.So playing basketball can bring us into happiness.Third, exercise can help us get rid of our bad habits.We will not be lazy after a period of exercise.In a word, exercise is important, helpful and absolutely necessary.每个人都想在这个世界上获得快乐。俗话说生命在于运动。运动可以让你的生命延续，活得更快乐。
首先，运动能强健体魄。它能使心脏跳动加快，让我们更加强壮。
第二，运动能让我们快乐。有些运动，比如篮球，很有意思。所以打篮球能给我们带来快乐。
第三，运动能帮助我们改掉坏习惯。经过一段时间的运动之后，我们就不再懒惰。
总之，运动很重要，很有用，也绝对有必要。以上范文可套用的题目：Health And Wealth（健康与财富）, My Favorite Sport（我最喜爱的运动）, My Favorite Form of Entertainment（我最喜欢的娱乐形式）, My Favorite Hobby（我最喜欢的爱好）, Ways to Keep Fit（保持健康的方法）, How to Keep Healthy（如何保持健康）, Health And Eating Habits（健康与饮食习惯）, My Hobbies（我的爱好）, My Interests（我的兴趣）, How I Spend My Spare Time（我如何度过闲暇时光）, My Favorite Hobby（我最喜欢的爱好）, My Hobby（我的爱好）, My Activities in Leisure Time（我的闲暇生活）, My Favorite Food（我最喜欢的食物）, My Favorite TV Program（我最喜欢的电视节目）, My Ideal Job（我理想的工作）, The Job I Like（我喜欢的工作）, My Favorite Book（我最喜欢的书籍）, The Book I Like Best（我最喜欢的书籍）, My Favorite Means of Getting Information（我最喜欢的获得信息的方式）, The Sports Activities I Like Best（我最爱的体育运动）
六类：远程教育学习
题目：My Expectation of the Long-Distance Education（对远程教育的期望）
Now, I am a student of Shanghai Distance Education College.In other words, I am a distance learner.I have a lot of expectations on my distance education.First, I want to improve my spoken English.I work in a foreign invested company.My boss is a foreigner.I need to talk with him in English every day.So I would like to improve my spoken English very much.Second, I hope to improve my English writing ability.I need to receive and answer emails in English every day, but I don’t know many English words.These above are my expectations of the long-distance education.现在，我是一名上海网络教育学院的学生。换言之，我是一名远程学习者。对于远程教育，我有许多期待。第一，我希望可以提高我的英语口语。我在外企上班。老板是外国人。我每天都需要用英语和他交流。所以，我非常想要提高英语口语。第二，我希望提高英语写作能力。每天我都需要收发英文邮件，我的词汇量不大。
以上这些就是我对远程教育的期望。
以上范文可套用的题目：How to Achieve Success of Distance Learning（如何在远程学习中获得成功）, The Course I Hate Most of The Long-Distance Education（我最讨厌的远程教育课程）, Difficulty in Studying English（英语学习的困难）, My Favorite Course（我最喜欢的课程）, The Course I Like Best of THE Long-Distance Education（我最喜欢的远程教育课程）
七类：书信类
题目：A letter to friend
信件要求：1.介绍你的近况。2.请他帮你买英语口语书。3.欢迎他方便时来访。
May 1st, 2011
Dear Tom,Haven’t heard from you for some time!How are you doing? Everything is fine with me except that the final examination is getting nearer and nearer andI’m busy preparing for it.I’ve got some problems in my English study, especially in spoken English.My teacher recommended me a book.The book is called Advanced Spoken English.But it is not sold here in my town.Since you are in Beijing, could you buy one for me? I’d be very grateful if you could help me.We haven’t seen each other since last time we met.I hope that you will visit my hometown again sometime if possible.So much has changed that you could barely recognize it!And it would be great to be together with you once again.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.Best wishes!
Yours, Alice
2011年5月1日
亲爱的汤姆：
很久没收到你的来信了。最近好记吗？我一切都挺好，只是期末考试越来越近，我现在忙着复习。
我的英语学习有些问题，特别是口语方面。我的老师给我推荐了一本书。书名叫《高级英语口语》。但是我们镇里没有卖。既然你在北京，不知道我能不能麻烦你帮我买一本呢？如果你能帮我这个忙的话，我将不胜感激。
自从上次碰面之后，我们就再也没见过面了。如果可能的话，希望你有时间再到我家乡来看看。这里变化很大，你肯定都认不出来了。如果能再次和你见面，那就真的太好了！
期待你的来信。祝好！此致爱丽丝
以上范文可以套用的信件写作题：
1.选择一个你想旅游的地点，并安排旅行计划，你应包括下列内容：1.说明你想旅游的地点2.说明你为什么选择这个地点3.描述你的旅游计划
2.假如你是李明，你遗失了一本书。你应包括下
列内容：1.书在哪里遗失的；2.这本书对你很重要；3.拾到者该如何联系你
3.你的一位外国朋友给你来信，打算到中国旅
游。你给他回信，提出旅游建议。你的回信应包括下列内容：1.接到朋友的来信；2.你对旅游的安排计划及理由；3.表达你希望见到朋友的心愿
4.写一封信，要求：1.告诉对方你要从大学毕
业；2.询问对方的近况；3.问问能否在暑假聚会
5.写一封信，要求：1.了解对方近日的情况；
2.介绍你的近况；3.邀请对方方便时来访 6.写一封信，要求：1.了解对方近日的情况；
2.通知他（她）：元旦有一个同学聚会。3.邀请对方参加
7.写一封信，要求：1.了解对方近日的学习情
况；2.介绍你的学习的近况；3.请对方说说提高英语水平的经验
8.写一封信，要求：1.介绍你的近况；2.请他
帮你买英语口语书；3.欢迎他方便时来访
八类：最喜欢的某某某
此类套用一篇范文，范文如下：
My Favorite Book我最喜欢的一本书
My favorite book is My Childhood.The reasons are as follows.Firstly, it brings me happiness.It always cheers me up when I am in a bad mood.Secondly, I learn a lot from it.It contains a lot of information about life and the world.It teaches me many new things.Thirdly, it makes me stronger.It helps me find confidence in myself.With confidence I overcome all the difficulties I meet.Fourthly, it helps me realize my self-worth.It enables me to find my place in life.I learn how to set a goal, work continuously towards the goal and embrace the future.To sum up, I like My Childhood best.我最喜欢的书是《童年》。原因如下：
首先，它给我带来快乐。在我不开心时，它总能给我鼓励。
第二，我从中学到很多知识。它讲述了很多人生和世事的哲理，教会了我很懂新知识。
第三，它让我强大。它让我找到了自信。拥有了自信，我克服了种种困难。
第四，它让我认识到自身的价值。它帮我找到了人生的位置。我学会了如何制定目标，不断努力，拥抱未来。
中而言之，我最喜欢《童年》。以上范文可套用的题目：My Favorite Food（我最喜欢的食物）/My Favorite Means of Transportation（我最喜欢的交通方式）/My Favorite Season（我最喜欢的季节）/My Favorite TV Show（我最喜欢的电视节目）/My Favorite Way to Get Information（我最喜爱的获得信息的方式）/My Favorite Job（我最爱的工作）/My Favorite Long-distance Education Course（我最喜爱的远程教育课程）/My Favorite Sport（我最喜欢的体育运动）
九类：看法类
此类套用一篇范文，范文如下：
Plant More Trees 种更多的树
April is the best time for green.Everything turns back to life in the warm weather and is enjoying the energy of a new life.Trees are more and more important to the earth.Planting trees is the basic thing to provide a green and healthy environment.Trees, as they are green in color, can make a city or place look more beautiful.It is also valuable in avoiding noises, sandstorms and deserts.It can bring us back a beautiful earth.So, everyone, if you want to make the air clean, please try your best to protect the environment and plant more trees.四月是万物葱葱的最好时节。在温暖的气候里万物重回生机，开始获得重生的能量。首先，树木对地球越来越重要。植树是一种最基本的提供绿色健康生活环境的办法。其次，因为他们的颜色是绿色的，能让城市或环境看起来更漂亮。同时，树林在避免噪音、沙尘、沙漠方面也大有益处。总之，这些都能带给我们一个美丽的地球。因此，如果大家都想让环境变得清新，请尽最大努力来保护环境，种更多的树。
第二篇：大学写作复习资料
下学期复习资料
一，填空
1、表达方式有五种：(叙事)、（描写)、(抒情)、（议论)、(说明)。
2、对论点的要求是：一，（论点必须正确）；二，（论点要深刻）；三，（论点必须针对实际）。
3、悬念由两部分组成：（设悬）、（解悬）。
4、立骨是确立文章骨架的一种写作技法，立骨的方式有：（一字立骨）、（一句立骨）、（一段立骨）。
5、反讽的方式有：（言语反讽）、（情景反讽）、（互文反讽）。
6、从象征在文章使用的范围来看，可分为：（局部象征）和（整体象征）。
7、通报适用于（表彰先进），（批评错误），传达重要精神或者情况。
8、论据的要求：一，（论据要真实）；二，论据（要充足有力）。
9、有的消息是三行标题，第一行称为（引题），第二行称为（正题），第三行称为（副题）。
10、驳斥论敌的方法有：反驳（论点）、反驳（论证）和反驳（论据）。
11、说明的基本方法有：（介绍说明）、（定义说明）、（分类说明）、（举例说明）、（比较说明）、（比喻说明）等。
12、函适用于不相隶属机关之间（商洽）工作，（询问）和（答复）问题；（请求批准）和答复审批事项。
13、计划中目标、任务，回答的是（“ 做什么 ”）的问题；措施、步骤回答的是（“ 怎么做 ”）的问题。
14、叙述人称是叙述事件经过、人物经历时叙述人在文章中身份，它是以叙述者的立足点来确定的。有（第一人称）的表达方式和（第三人称）的表达方式。
15、叙述的方式主要有：（顺序）、（倒叙）、（插叙）、（补叙）。
16、人物描写包括：（肖像描写）、（语言描写）、（行动描写）、（心理描写）。
17、间接抒情的具体方式有：（寓情于事）、（寓情于景）、（寓情于物）、（寓情于理）。
18、驳斥论敌的方法有：反驳（）、反驳（）和反驳（）。
19、求职信和应聘信的特点是：求职对象的（）；信件内容的（）；工作岗位的（）。
二、单项选择
1、下列公文标题中书名号使用正确的是（）A、XX局关于印发《企业所得税税前扣除办法》的通知 B、XX省政府转发《国务院关于XXXX的意见》的通知
C、XX市关于印发《XXX同志在XXXX会议上的讲话》的通知 D、国务院办公厅转发《农业部关于XXXX的意见》的通知
2、下列既可以向上级行文，又可以向下级行文的是（）A、通知 B、通知 C、意见 D、通报
3、向国内外宣布重要事项或者法定事项时使用（）A、公告 B、通告 C、通报 D、决定
4、表扬好人好事的通报，正文结构一般是（）
A、概括主要事实——号召大家学习——分析精神实质——提出表彰方式 B、概括主要事实——分析精神实质——提出表彰方式——号召大家学习C、提出表彰方式——号召大家学习——概括主要事实——分析精神实质 D、概括主要事实——提出表彰方式——号召大家学习——分析精神实质
5、向上级机关汇报工作，反映情况，答复上级机关询问时用（）A、报告 B、决定 C、总结 D、请示
6、下列是一份公文的成文日期，书写规范的是（）A、2004年5月10日 B、二零零四年五月十日 C、二00四年5月10日 D、二00四年五月十日
7、下列可以不加盖发文机关印章的是（）A、报告 B、通知 C、会议纪要 D、通报
8、受双重领导的机关向上级机关行文，应当这样处理（）A、写明主送机关和抄送机关 B、主送一个上级机关
C、报送两个上级机关 D、主送并报送两个上级机关
9、公文的成文时间应当是（）
A、负责人签发的日期 B、写公文的日期 C、分发公文的日期 D、印公文的日期
10、“当否，请批复”常用在（）的结尾
A、函 B、请示 C、报告 D、议案
11、行政公文如果有附件，应在（）标识附件名称
A、正文之后成文日期之前 B、成文日期之后主题词之前 C、主题词之后 D、标题之后正文之前
12、议案的收文机关是（）
A、同级人民政府 B、上级人民政府 C、上级人民代表大会或人民代表大会常务委员会 D、同级人民代表大会或人民代表大会常务委员会
13、公文标题中应加书名号的是（）
A、规章 B、命令 C、意见 D、决定
14、发文字号应当包括机关代字、（）和发文序号 A、年份
B、简称
C、月份
D、全称
15、任免一般干部，应使用（）A.函 B.通知 C.通报 D.意见
16、传达重要精神或情况，应使用（）A.函 B.通知 C.通报 D.意见
17、答复上级机关的询问，应使用（）A.报告 B.通报 C.意见 D.请示
18、撰写“请示”必须（）
A.一文一事 B.与报告合用 C.用于汇报工作情况 D.用于通知事项
19、向无隶属关系机关请求批准事项，应使用（）A.请示 B.意见 C.通知 D.函
20、表扬好人好事的通报，正文结构一般是（）
A、概括主要事实——号召大家学习——分析精神实质——提出表彰方式 B、概括主要事实——分析精神实质——提出表彰方式——号召大家学习C、提出表彰方式——号召大家学习——概括主要事实——分析精神实质 D、概括主要事实——提出表彰方式——号召大家学习——分析精神实质
21、、向上级机关汇报工作，反映情况，答复上级机关询问时用（）A、报告 B、决定 C、总结 D、请示
22、下列是一份公文的成文日期，书写规范的是（）A、2004年5月10日 B、二零零四年五月十日 C、二00四年5月10日 D、二00四年五月十日
23、下列可以不加盖发文机关印章的是（）A、报告 B、通知 C、会议纪要 D、通报
24、受双重领导的机关向上级机关行文，应当这样处理（）A、写明主送机关和抄送机关 B、主送一个上级机关
C、报送两个上级机关 D、主送并报送两个上级机关
25、公文的成文时间应当是（）
A、负责人签发的日期 B、写公文的日期 C、分发公文的日期 D、印公文的日期
26、“当否，请批复”常用在（）的结尾
A、函 B、请示 C、报告 D、议案
27、行政公文如果有附件，应在（）标识附件名称
A、正文之后成文日期之前 B、成文日期之后主题词之前 C、主题词之后 D、标题之后正文之前
28、议案的收文机关是（）
A、同级人民政府 B、上级人民政府 C、上级人民代表大会或人民代表大会常务委员会 D、同级人民代表大会或人民代表大会常务委员会
29、公文标题中应加书名号的是（）
A、规章 B、命令 C、意见 D、决定 30、发文字号应当包括机关代字、（）和发文序号 A、年份
B、简称
C、月份
D、全称
三、判断
1、我国现行的行政机关公文种类有13种，党内公文种类有14种。（）
2、公文附件和正文有同等效力。（）
3、任何公文都必须标识“秘密等级和保密期限”。（）
4、请示一般可以越级行文。（）
5、为了提高办事效率，“报告”中也可以夹带请示事项。（）
6、批复必须针对下级机关所请示的问题而复。（）
7、机关公文的开头，一般都要求开门见山，落笔入题，不象文学作品那样讲究迂回曲折，渐入佳境。（）
8、所有公文都要有主送机关。（）
9、计划按表达形式分，有条文式计划、表格式计划、条文兼表格式计划。（）
10、求职信不能渲染与求职无关的才能。（）
11、“请示”要“一事一请”，不能把几个事情写在一起。（）
12、只能是上级批转下级上报的公文，下级不能批转上级的公文，平行机关之间也不能相互批转公文。（）
13、通知的结尾，可以发出号召，抒发感情。（）
14、通报中的分析、评价都必须依据事实作基础，褒贬得当，分析入理。（）
15、向有关主管部门请求批准可以使用“函”。（）
16、学校处分违纪学生可以用“公告”。（）
17、计划按表达形式分，有条文式计划、表格式计划、条文兼表格式计划。（）
18、总结的标题，只有公文式标题。（）
19、请示不一定都要写结尾的常用语。（）
20、公文标题中除法规、规章名称加书名号外，一般不用标点符号。（）
21、批复必须针对下级机关所请示的问题而复。（）
22、机关公文的开头，一般都要求开门见山，落笔入题，不象文学作品那样讲究迂回曲折，渐入佳境。（）
23、所有公文都要有主送机关。（）
24、计划按表达形式分，有条文式计划、表格式计划、条文兼表格式计划。（）
25、求职信不能渲染与求职无关的才能。（）
26、“请示”要“一事一请”，不能把几个事情写在一起。（）
27、只能是上级批转下级上报的公文，下级不能批转上级的公文，平行机关之间也不能相互批转公文。（）
28、通知的结尾，可以发出号召，抒发感情。（）
29、通报中的分析、评价都必须依据事实作基础，褒贬得当，分析入理。（）30、向有关主管部门请求批准可以使用“函”。（）
四、解释概念
1、喻证法
2、对比法
3、归谬法
4、归纳法
5、定义说明
6、象征
7、蒙太奇：
8、那辗
9、反讽
10、黑色幽默
11、悬念
12、诗歌
13、散文：
五、简要回答下列问题
1、什么是第三人称的叙述角度？
2、什么是消息写作的“倒金字塔结构”？
3、请示与报告的区别是什么？
4、什么是第一人称的叙述角度？
5、描写的要求是什么？
6、撰写求职信和应聘信应注意哪些事项？
7、简述说明的要求：
8、如何写好通讯？
9、应用文的特点是什么？
六、写作小练习
1、写一段寄情于理的文字（不少于10句）
2、运用象征手法，写一段散文式的文字（不少于10句）或一首短诗（4句——8句）
3、运用对比论证方法，写一段议论性的文字（不少于10句）。
4、根据下列材料拟写一份公函：
冶金部于1999年12月28日，给XX省人民政府一函，联系商洽的事情是拟请XX省光大进出口分公司派一名精通业务并懂英语的业务员参加。中国光大进出口总公司于2000年2月底派一贸易小组赴德国进行推销和调研活动。如同意，请将给XX省审批的出国人员的批件，于1月底以前寄中国光大进出口总公司。公文顺序号为28号，发文日期：1999年12月28日。
5、根据材料拟写一份通告
XX市老年大学为进一步为老年人服务，打算举办老年自行车比赛，比赛定名为“青松杯”老年自行车比赛，并获得了肯德基店的1200元赞助。将于2003年2月10日上午9时至12时在XX市举行。公安局长支持这一活动。为保证赛事顺利进行，将对东环路、北环路、南环西路、学院路实行交通管制，届时将禁止一切机动车辆通行（当然，警车、救护车、消防车、工程抢险车可以例外）。据此消息，请代该市公安局拟一份通告。
6、根据材料拟写一份通知
XX省高等教育教学改革研讨会决定于2007年7月18日～24日在XX大学召开，于6月20日发出会议通知。会议的内容是研究和探讨当前高校教学改革的有关问题，各学校主管教学的副校长或教务处长均可参加。会期为7天，7月18日报到，报到和开会地点是：南京理工大学招待所。要求各学校半个月内交来相关教改论文一篇。会议费自理。
7、将下面通讯改写为通报
李坚 舍己救人 英勇献身 共青团全国铁道委员会和团委决定
授予“优秀少先队员”光荣称号并追认为共青团员
本报讯：5月28日下午，共青团哈尔滨铁路局委员会在局工会俱乐部召开大会，宣读共青团全国铁路委员会和共青团四川省委的决定，授予为抢救落水同学而英勇献身的李坚同学“优秀少先队员”的光荣称号，并根据他生前要求，追认他为共青团员。
李坚同学生前是阿城铁路中学学生，刚满14周岁，2012年5月2日，李坚和另外四名小朋友在河边玩耍，忽然，张昆同学不慎落入水中，李坚当即跳下水去营救，张昆被救了，而他却献出了年轻的生命。
团委副书记等领导在讲话中分别号召全国铁路系统和省内各地的小朋友向李坚同学学习，做一个有理想、有道德、无私无畏的好孩子。
8、指出下列公文文稿的错误之处，并根据公文写作与处理的要求，改写为一份正确的公文。
×××大学文件
×校发〔2012×〕××号 签发人：×××
关于2012年招生计划的申报 市教育委员会：
教委（×发〔2012〕×号）文件《关于申报2012招生专业计划的通知》已收到，我们对文件的精神进行了认真学习，大家一致表示要落实教委的意见，积极发展高等职业教育，办好社会所需要的各种新型专业。经我校各院系研究，决定2012年申报25个专业，招收本专科学生共3000名。特申报给你们。
附：招生计划表。
×××大学
二○一二×年×月×日
主题词： ×× ×× ×× ×× 抄送市人民政府
七、大作文（待定）
参考答案
一、填空
1、叙述、描写、抒情、议论、说明
2、一，论点必须正确；二，论点要深刻；三，论点必须针对实际。
3、设悬、解悬。
4、一字立骨、一句立骨、一段立骨。
5、言语反讽、情境反讽刺、互文反讽。
6、局部象征、整体象征。
7、表彰先进，批评错误。
8、一，论据要真实；二，要充足有力。
9、引题，正题，副题。
10、论点、论据、论证。
11、介绍说明、定义说明、分类说明、举例说明、比较说明、比喻说明。
12、商洽，询问，答复，请求批准。
13、做什么，怎么做。
14、第一人称、第三人称。
15、顺序、倒叙、插叙、补叙。
16、肖像描写、语言描写、行动描写、心理描写。
17、寓情于事、寓情于景、寓情于物、寓情于理。
18、论点、论据、论证。
19、针对性、自荐性、竞争性。
二、单项选择
1、A
2、C
3、A
4、B
5、A
6、D
7、C
8、A
9、A
10、B
11、A
12、D
13、A
14、A
15、B
16、C
17、A
18、A
19、D 20、B
21、A
22、D
23、C
24、A
25、A
26、B
27、A
28、D
29、A 30、A
三、判断
1、∨
2、∨
3、×
4、×
5、×
6、∨
7、∨
8、×
9、∨
10、∨
11、∨
12、∨
13、×
14、∨
15、×
16、×
17、∨
18、×
19、× 20、∨
21、∨
22、∨
23、×
24、∨
25、∨
26、∨
27、∨
28、×
29、∨ 30、×
四、解释概念
1、喻证法：是通过打比方，用具体的事物来论证比较抽象、深奥，或人们比较生疏、难以理解的道理。
用来打比方的可以是具体的事实，也可以是寓言、神话或其他虚拟的材料。
2、对比法：把两种对立的事物或道理对举出来，进行比较、对照，来证明论点的论证方法，也叫正反论证。对比论证可以列举对立的一对事物，也可以列举对立的多种事物。
把两种独立的事物或道理，放在一起作比较，孰是孰非，何优何劣，就会一目了然。
3、归谬法：也叫引申法，只用于反驳论敌。它先假定对方的论点是正确的，然后以此为前提进行推理，结果引申出来的结论是荒谬的、错误的，当然也是不能成立的。
4、归纳法：归纳法是从特殊到一般，即综合许多具有内在联系的个别事实的共同特点，归纳出一般原理和结论的一种论证方法。
5、定义说明：用下定义的方法来说明事物、事理，即用简明扼要的文字对事物的本质属性或概念的内涵外延作出确切的说明。
6、象征：是以具体、形象的事物，来寓意或揭示人们对生活的感受和认识，强化或美化人与物之精神品格的一种艺术手段和方法。
7、蒙太奇：本是建筑术语，又转用到电影中，指镜头的剪辑、组合；
在写作中，是指借助某种形式，把不同时空的生活内容巧妙地组接在一起，以表达生活的内容和作者思想感受的一种写作技法。
8、那辗：一种写作技法，那辗，是搓挪和辗开之意，搓挪就是在引出描述的主要对象和问题之后，不立即道明，而是左盘右旋，延缓事情的发展；辗开就是在写到快要接近矛盾的解决时，又故意停顿下来，再远远地宕开去。
9、反讽：一种写作技法，是以超然的态度、戏谑的口吻，表达言外之意的方式。
10、黑色幽默：一种写作技法，是用喜剧形式表现悲剧的内容。
11、悬念：一种写作技法。指作者精心设置疑窦和矛盾，以激活读者阅读兴趣的艺术手段。
12、诗歌：一种用丰富新奇的想象和富有节奏、韵律的语言，高度概括地歌唱生活、抒发感情的文学体裁。
13、散文：一种题材广泛、写法自由、个性鲜明、文情并茂的文学体裁。
五、简要回答下列问题
1、是指叙述者以局外人的口吻，叙述“他”或“他们”的事情；
是一种最自由灵活的叙述角度；很少受时间和空间的限制，可以多角度、多方位地刻画人物。
2、消息写作的结构方式：是把最重要的内容放在消息最前面，把次要的内容放在稍后，依据材料的重要性依次排列，这种结构方式很像倒置的金字塔。
3、文种的性质不同 行文目的不同 行文时间不同 写法不同 结尾的用语不同
4、是以“我”（或“我们”）的视角来观察和感受，并“我”（“我们”）的口吻来叙述其所见所闻所思所感；它是一种单向视角；其中的“我”可以是作者，也可以是文章中的人物
5、目的明确：为表现主题服务；为烘托和刻画人物服务；为渲染环境服务。抓住特点：抓住特点才能给人一鲜明突出的印象。所谓特点，也就是事物之间的差异。神形俱出：形，指事物的外貌、情态；神，指事物的内涵、神韵。描写就要求作到神形俱出。
6、针对性； 语言简练，不宜过长； 措辞诚恳，语言得体。
7、内容的科学性
态度的客观性
阐述的条理性
语言的平易性
8、提炼反映时代精神的主题
选取具有典型意义的材料
灵活运用多种表达方法
9、实用性 针对性 程式性 时效性 简明性
六、写作小练习
1、关于拟请XX省派员参加贸易小组赴德的函
冶金部函[1999]28号
XX省人民政府：
中国光大进出口总公司拟于2000年2月底派一贸易小组赴德国进行推销和调研活动，拟请你省光大进出口分公司派一名精通业务并懂英语的业务员参加。如同意，请将给你省审批的出国人员的批件，于1月底以前寄中国光大进出口总公司。
即请复函。
冶金部
一九九九年十二月二十八日
2、通 告
为支持我市老年大学举办的“青松杯”老年自行车比赛，保证赛事顺利进行，经市政府批准，决定在2003年2月10日上午9时至12时期间，将对东环路、北环路、南环西路、学院路实行交通管制。届时除警车、救护车、消防车、工程抢险车外，将禁止一切机动车辆通行。
特此通告。
XX市公安局 2003年2月9日
3、会议通知 XX大学：
为了研究和探讨当前高校教学改革的有关问题，我厅决定召开高等教育教学改革研讨会议。现将有关事项通知如下：
会议参加人员：主管教学副校长或教育处长会议时间：2007年7月18日～24日，会期7天
报到时间：7月18日
报到和会议地点：南京理工大学招待所
会议要求：
1、请各校在接到通知半月内交教改论文一篇，交高教处；
2、会议费XX元，自理。
XX省教育厅（印章）
二00七年六月二十日)
4、共青团全国铁道委员会文件
××〔2012〕×号
____________________________________________________________________________
关于表彰李坚同学舍己救人、英勇献身的通报
各所属单位：
李坚同学是阿城铁路中学学生，刚满14周岁。2012年5月2日，星期天，李坚和另外四名小朋友在河边玩耍，忽然张昆同学不慎落入水中，李坚当即跳下水去营救，张昆得救了，而李坚却献出了年轻的生命。
根据李坚的英雄事迹，共青团全国铁路委员会和共青团黑龙江省委决定，授予李坚为“优秀少先队员”，并根据他生前要求，追认他为共青团员，同时号召全国铁路系统和省内各地的小朋友向李坚同学学习，做一个有理想、有道德、无私无畏的好孩子。
（印章）
二0一二年五月二十八日
5、错误之处有：
(1)标题文种错误。或写请示，要求上级批给指标。这适宜单独申请。或写报告，报送招生计划表。从文中的意思是显然是后者。
(2)内容应当符合报送报告的特点。
(3)•引述来文不合乎《办法》的规定。应先引述来文标题，再引来文发文字号。
(4)文件用语，第一人称，不宜用“我们”，要符合法定作者的身份，改为“我校”。
全文修改如下：
×××大学文件
×校发〔2012×〕××号 签发人：×××
关于2012年招生计划的报告
市教育委员会：
教委《关于申报2012招生专业计划的通知》（×发〔2012〕×号）已收到。我校决定落实文件的精神，积极发展高等职业教育，办好社会所需要的各种新型专业。我校各院系2012年计划办25个专业，招收本专科学生共3000名。现特将《招生计划表》报审，请查收。
附：《招生计划表》
×××大学
二○一二年×月×日
主题词： ×× ×× ×× ××
抄送市人民政府
第三篇：大学英语写作
常用写作句型
1现象解释型
模板一
⑴According to the chart/graph/ table/ picture, it is clear that 图表/画内容总概括.⑵The chart/graph/ table/picture shows.⑶Many reasons contribute to 现象概括.⑷To begin with, 原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹Moreover, 原因二.⑺In addition, 原因三.⑻As a result, 段落总结句.⑼As to me, I think 我的观点/态度/建议.⑽ First of all, 理由一.⑾ Besides, 理由二.⑿To conclude, 模板二
Topic
⑴From the chart/graph/ table/picture, we learn that nowadays, 总述社会现象/事实现象, which has aroused the great /common concern.⑵what impresses me most is.⑶That are many reasons accounting for.⑷First of all,原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹ What is more, 原因二.⑺ For example, 举例说明原因二.⑻ In addition, 原因三.⑼As far as I am concerned, 我的观点.⑽For one thing/On one hand 理由一.⑾ For another/ On the other hand,.⑿Thus/In brief/Taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that….常用句型
⑴As is described in the chart/graph/table/picture, in the past few decades, there have arisen sharp increase in…如图中所示，在过去的几十年中，……急剧增长。
⑵The chart/graph/table/picture describes that the figure declines/falls smoothly/markedly, it indicates that…
图表显示数字下降平缓/明显，这表明……
⑶In the chart/graph/table/picture, we can seen that there was a slight/ marked fluctuation.It reveals that…
在图表中，我们可以看到有细微/很明显的波动，这表明…
⑷Recently, the problems of …has become the focus of the public concern.近来，…问题引起公众极大的关注。
⑸There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/ are responsible for/ explain… …可能是好几个因素造成的结果。
⑹There may be several possible reasons for which will be demonstrated below.可能有几个原因导致了我们下面所要阐述的问题。
⑺It’s no easy /simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factors.要解释该现象产生的原因并不容易，因为其中涉及到很多复杂的因素。
⑻ Among all the important/convincing reasons for…,one should be emphasized… 在所有重要/有力的原因中，我们应当重点关注…
2问题解决型
模板一
Topic
⑴It is well-known that 相关背景, but nowadays 总述不良现象或问题.⑵现象具体表现一.⑶现象的具体表现二.⑷It should be paid attention to that 该现象 is causing great harm/该现象 is caused for many reasons.⑸On one hand, ⑹On the other hand,.⑺Therefore, it is high time that ⑻First of all, 解决方法一.⑼进一步阐述方法一.⑽Secondly/In addition, 解决方法二.⑾Thirdly/Besides/Morever.解决方法三.⑿Only in this way can we解决问题.模板二
Topic
⑴There has been a discussion recently about 事实现象.⑵ It is obvious that 危害一/作用一.⑶ Additionally, 危害二/作用二.⑷So how to 解决问题is worth paying attention to.⑸On one hand/ Firstly, 解决方法一.⑹进一步阐述方法二⑺On the other hand/Secondly,解决方法二.⑻For example,支持该方法的例子.⑼In addition/ Thirdly, 解决方法三.⑽In fact, more than three ways can be adopted.⑾As for me, 我的思考或看法.⑿All in all, 总结全文.常用句型
⑴It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.⑵There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to…
⑶There is no immediate solution to the problem of…,but …might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity of…might be the first step.⑷In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts to… ⑸To conclude, we can see the best way is…
⑹Following these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to…, but the payoff will be worth the effort.3对比选择型
模板一
Topic
⑴Different people have different views on看法/问题.⑵Somme prefer 一种看法观点.⑶Others tend to.⑷As for me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.⑸Of course, 我不赞同的观点的合理性.⑹For example, 支持其合理性的例子.⑺But 我不赞同的观点的不足.⑻The following reason can account for your preference.⑼The main reason is that 支持观点的理由一.⑽ A good example to illustrate is that 支持理由一的例子.⑾In addition/ What’s more,支持观点的理由二.⑿For the foregoing, 重申观点.模板二
Topic
⑴When it comes to事物/问题, different people will offer different opinions.⑵Some people take it for granted that 观点一.⑶In their opinion, 观点一的理由一.⑷Besides, 观点一的理由二.⑸However, others hold that观点二.⑹They maintain that 观点二的理由一.⑺And 观点二的理由二.⑻Weighing up these two arguments, I am for 观点一/观点二.⑼ On one hand, 理由一.⑽ On the other hand, ⑾ For instance, 举例说明理由二.⑿ Therefore, as stated above, 常用句式
⑴ There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of …Some argue that …,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue.⑵ In response to the problem, some people believe…,in their minds,…Other maintain that…, in their eyes,…
⑶ Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.⑷ In conclusion, it is clear that
4观点论证型
模板一
⑴ It is true that 普遍的观点.⑵ However, 不同的观点/现象.⑶ I think,我的观点.⑷ 理由或其他论据 can be listed as follows.⑸ Firstly，论据一.⑹ Secondly, 论据二.⑺ For example, 支持论据二的事例.⑻ Thirdly, 论据
三.⑼ A case in point is 支持论据三的事例.⑽ There is no doubt that 重申观点.⑾ Therefore, 与该观点相符的做法.⑿ In a word, 总结全文.模板二
Topic
⑴ Many people believe that 社会现象/事实.⑵The truth is deep and profound.⑶ As we all know,具体表现一.⑷ In addition, 具体表现二.⑸ There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑹ A case in point is 阐述第一个例子⑺ For another example, 引出并说明第二个例子.⑻ Moreover, 阐述第三个例子.⑼All mentioned above that tells us that重申观点.⑽ But(One thing we have to notice is that)提出个人建议.⑾ In short,总结全文.常用句式
⑴ It is well known that …plays an important part in…
⑵ It is believed that …
⑶ There are many reasons explaining …
⑷ From what has been mentioned above, we may safely come to the conclusion that …
5应用文
⑴建议信模板
Date
Dear ___________,⑴ I am delighted to learn that _________.⑵ It____________.⑶ In my opinion, ________.⑷ On one hand,_________.⑸ On the other hand,_________.⑹ As to ________, I suggest ___________.⑺ If__________.⑻ It is unnecessary for you to _____________.⑼ In addition, ________________.⑽ I am sure _______________.⑾ Please inform me _________________.⑿ I amlooking forward to __________.Sincerely yours,Signature
常用句式
⑴ I would like to suggest that …/ I am writing with my suggestion that…
⑵ You have asked me for my advice with regard to …and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.⑶ If I were you, I would…
⑷ As you may agree that...⑸ I hope you will find these suggestions helpful/ practical/ useful.⑹ I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.⑺ I would be happy to see improvements in this regard.⑻ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.⑵倡议书模板
Date
Dear________,⑴ I am writing this letter to call on ____________to ____________.⑵ As some of you may know,___________.⑶ In fact,___________.⑷It is necessary for us to___________.⑸ On one hand,__________.⑹ On the other hand, ______________.⑺ However,___________________.⑻So it is high
time_____________________.⑼ Firstly, ________________.⑽Secondly, _______________.⑾ If you are willing to ____________, please ______________.⑿ Join us in the action and extend ________into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties.Thank you.⑶求职信模板
Date
Dear_______,⑴ I am applying for the position of _________advertised in _________.⑵ I major in
_____.⑶ My training in ________definitely meet your qualifications.⑷ My complete resume is attached.⑸ I will graduate on____________ from_________.⑹ In addition to the required courses of this program, I have_________.⑺ I also have some experience in ___________.⑻ I believe my training and experience _________________.⑼ You will find me to be ________________⑽ I hope that you will consider me for your position.⑾ May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑿ I can be reached by telephone __________.Sincerely yours,Signature
常用句式
⑴ I am writing to apply for the post of …advertised in …
⑵ In reply to your advertisement in…, I beg to apply for the post …in your company.⑶ I feel I have the qualifications and experiences needed for the position of …
⑷ I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request.⑸ I hope I may be granted an interview when I can explain my qualification more fully.⑹ It seems that my experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of…in your firm.
第四篇：大学英语写作模版
（1）模版一There is no consensus among the people as to the view of(主题).Some people hold the idea that(观点A).A case in point is that(支持观点A的例子).On the other hand, others may have a quite different view.According to them,(观点B).The most typical example is that(支持观点B的例子).Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter.Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some
extent, but the latter is more convincing.2）模版二(主题)is a common occurrence in our lives.The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person.Some people tend to ______when they are asked(观点A)because(支持观点A的原因).The most typical example is that(支持观点A的例子).However, others argue that(观点B).They point out that(重申观点B)for the reason that(支持观点B的原因).As far as I am concerned, I will choose to(你的观点)because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.2）My View 型（1）模版一 When asked about(主题), some people hold the idea that 观点A).As far as they are concerned,(展开观点A).But I could not agree with them in several points.In my opinion,(观点B).The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.In the first place,(支持观点B的理由1).In the second place,(支持观点B的理由2).In the third place,(支持观点B的理由3).For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe(重申观点B).（2）模版二 Some people believe that(观点A).For instance, they hold the idea that(支持观点A的例子).And it may bring them（A带给他们的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,(我不同意的理由1).For another,(我不同意的理由2).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, I agree to the thought that(重申自己的观点).3）利弊型（1）模版一Nowadays many people prefer(主题)because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.On the one hand,(主题的优点1).On the other hand,(主题的优点2).But everything can be divided into two.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that(主题的缺点1).To make matters
worse,（主题的缺点2).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(主题)itself is
neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.（2）模版二With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon of(主题现象)is an example of the former / latter one.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.To start with,(原因1).Furthermore,(原因2).Eventually,(原因3).Good as(主题现象)is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages.The apparent example is that(缺点例子1).In addition,(缺点例子2).On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate(主题现象)and make our life more comfortable.图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More
importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for
quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).提纲式作文 1.对立观点式 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing（X）.They point out the fact that 支持（X）的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持（X）的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do（X）.They firmly point out that 反对（X）的第一个理由。An eample can give the details of this argument:
There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of（X）overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about,（X）also may（X）的有一个坏处。
2.批驳观点式Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个
例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观
点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3.社会问题(现象)式 Nowadays, there exists an increasinglyserious social/economic/ environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common
concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..辩论式议论文模版
模版1Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1.More importantly, 论据2.Most important of all, 论据3.In summary, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测.模版2People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the
former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据1.For another, 论据2.Last but not the least, 论据3.To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.模版3There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 论据1。Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.(I)说明原因型模块
Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX
It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon
(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注释: 1:XX的第一个优点 2:支持XX的做法 3:不支持XX的做法
4:XX的第二个优点 5:举例证明优点二 6:说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文:The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your
enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that
(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).(I)说明原因型模块(2)
In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind
people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has
caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from,children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what
programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合].It is estimated that [相关数据].Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [解决办法一].On the other hand, [解决办法二].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象].为便于读者理解，我特意用这个模板，写了一篇关于ghost writer(捉刀代笔的枪手)的示范性小作文，请您观摩一下。
Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 枪手] in [China's examinations / 中国的考场].It is estimated that [5％ examinees are ghost writers / 5％的应试者是枪手].Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 枪手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主无知].Besides,[hirers' indolence / 雇主懒惰].The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主迟钝].To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 枪手] is due to [hirers' low IQ / 雇主智商低].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打].On the other hand, [decapitation / 斩首].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 枪手].（I）说明原因型
模块
（一）Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that(1).Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(2).Besides,(3).The third reason is(4).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to(5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing ,(6).On the other hand ,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the
number of XX.Generation gap between parents and children
Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and
children which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that(75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children
usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?
Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(the two generations,having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them).Besides(due to having little in common to
talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face).The third reason is(with the
pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum
up ,the main cause of XX is due to(lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing(children should respect their parents).On the other hand ,(parents also should show solicitue for
their children).All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.（I）说明原因型 模块（2）In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all ,(3).Then , there comes a case that(4).Moreover ,(5).Especiallywhen(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remindpeople that(7).In this way ,we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television
In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels.It has
caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all ,(with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much
exercise as they should).Then , there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their
ability to achieve in school).Moreover ,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV
viewing).In this way ,children will not be influented too deeply.（I）说明原因型 模块（3）
Currently,XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result , your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your
plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon
(6).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(7).注释：： XX的第一个优点 2： 支持XX的做法 3：不支持XX的做法 4：XX的第二个优点
5：举例证明优点二6：说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文：
The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuablethan self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power
to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome
difficulties), as a result , your dreams willcome true.On the contrary,if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that
you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。
It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light
when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect
that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and
self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound
influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(he that can have
self-confidence can have what he will).综合运用篇
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)
As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....随着社会的发展，人们开始关注.....As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。
展现问题篇
Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近来，是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。
At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。
People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer...说到___，有人认为____，而另一些人则认为___。
There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of..There who criticize...argue that..., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that...目前，___问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为___，他们认为____，不过，另一方面，赞同__的人则认为___。
1、常用与开头的短语、句式
（1）with the（rapidly）growing popularity of（computers/private cars）in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。
（3）With the development of（science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …
（4）Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).（5）Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China.some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…
（6）There are some reasons for owning(private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,…Second,…Finally,…
（7）There are many advantages and disadvantages in(owning a car).（8）There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
（9）Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…
（10）The possible solutions of(the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors…
（11）The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products)are…
2．常用于结尾的短语、句式
（1）It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to。。
（2）To conclude，we can see that（the best way/the possible solution）is。。
（3）In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。
（4）In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to。。
（5）In a word，there are three suggestions we must follow，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。
（6）It is time for us to take an active part in。。
（7）Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）
1．表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．
2．表示好处1）It has the following advantages．2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmfulto us．
例： However，everything dividesinto two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．
例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5．表示措施1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．
例： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
第五篇：大学英语写作
1.对立观点式
A．有人认为#是好事，赞成#，为什么？
B．有人认为# 是坏事，反对#，为什么？
C．我的看法。
模板:
With the development of our society, # has increasingly become a common concern of the public.(可再加一句情况说明)
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing #.They point out the fact that 支持# 的第一个原因.They also argue that 支持# 的另一个原因.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do #.They firmly point out that 反对# 的第一个理由.What’s more, 反对# 的第二个理由.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of#/doing # 的好处overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(结尾一段也可选用这种方式:
Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of #/doing # 的好处, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)
Colleges Have Opened Their Doors Wider With the development of our society, the fact that colleges have opened their doors wider has increasingly become a common concern of the public.Some people are in favor of the idea of opening the colleges’ doors wider.They point out the fact that it allows more students to pursue higher education.They also argue that it will provide more talents for our society.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to open the colleges’ doors wider.They firmly point out that it will be much harder for the graduates to find a job.What’s more, it will lead to a social problem.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of
opening the colleges’ doors wider overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(141 words)(结尾一段也可选用这种方式: Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of opening the colleges’ doors wider, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)(141 words)
2.社会问题(现象)式
A．一个社会问题或者现象
B．产生的原因
C．我的看法。
Work in the Countryside(positive)
1.许多大学毕业生自愿到农村工作
2.出现这种现象的原因
3.我的看法
Work in the Countryside With more and more university graduates in our society, how to find a good job has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that many university graduates would like to work in the countryside.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that with more and more university students graduating each year, the job market competition becomes more and more fierce, and many graduates cannot find jobs in the cities.Secondly, most villages that are trying to employ university graduates have developed well.It makes mot much difference whether to work in the countryside or in the city.Last but not least, some university graduates who come from the
countryside are eager to go back home to contribute to the construction of their hometown.Based on the above reasons, I think university graduates should go to work where they are needed most and where they can make full use of their talents.Working in the countryside can be truly an advisable(明智的)choice.(170 words)Misleading News(negative)
1.当今社会虚假新闻越来越多
2.分析出现这种现象的原因
3.呼吁社会改变这种不智之举
With the development of our society, misleading news has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that there are more and more misleading news in our society.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that there are more and more modern communication tools in the world, misleading news can easily spread.Secondly, some journalists would like to draw public attention and increase the sales by publishing misleading news.Last but not least, the public would like to share some interesting news which may be misleading.Based on the above discussions, I think we should take action to prevent misleading news.Think twice before we speak can be truly an advisable choice.(124 words)
3.应用文
写信:感谢信, 投诉信，道歉信,邀请信,申请(贷款、入学、求职)，请求别人帮忙（写推荐信，搜查资料)
Dear Sir or Madam,(不知是谁的情况下，如果有要求写给谁要写上具体的名称)
I am a student/customer who….I am writing to thank you for/complain about/apologize for/invite you to do/apply for/ask for your help to do sth.描述过程或原因.When I …, I was really thankful/upset/sorry /honored/interested/upset.I sincerely hope that ….If you can…, I will be really….I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily
A Letter to Apply for a Student Loan
1.介绍你的个人情况
2.申请助学贷款的原因、数额及用途
3.如何保证专款专用以及你的还款
Dear Sir or Madam,I am a sophomore in Peking University who majors in Engineering.I am writing to apply for a student loan of 2,000 yuan.It is hard for me to make the application, but I have to.Last year both my parents were laid off, and what’s worse, three weeks ago my mother was discovered to have caught a serious disease.Therefore, I could not get support for my study form my family any more.When I knew that I have the opportunity to apply for the student loan, I was really happy and excited.So I immediately write this letter to you to ask for your help.I sincerely hope that I can get the loan.I promise that all the money will go to my tuition and fees for the next year, and I will repay it within four years, that is, one year after my graduation.If you can grant my application, I will be really grateful.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily
(166 words)
4.图表作文模板
图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。图表的类型主要有：圆形（饼型）图（pie chart）、柱形图(直型图)（graph）、曲线图（chart）和数据统计表(表格)（table）。① 描述图表 ②分三方面解释原因 ③下结论
1)As can be seen from the in______.During the period from _______to _______, ________rose from ________to _______, while _______ decreased from _______ to _______.2)We believe that there are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To begin with,____.Secondly, ____.Last but not least, _____.3)In conclusion, ______.We can imagine that _____.范文： Health Gains in Developing Countries
1．以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(1ife expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况
2．说明引起变化的各种原因
1960 1990
Health Gains in Developing Countries
life expectancy of developing 40 years nearly 60 years, infant
develops quickly in developing countries during this period, and living quality improves the development of national health care systems.When they become richer and richer, they care more about personal health conditions.medical sciences also develop at a fantastic speed, and it is much safer for mothers to give birth.the situations in developing countries are changing for the better.(169 words)
注:还须注意今年的热点问题,如:就业(有关词汇如: graduate, apply for, applicant, candidate等);经济问题(有关词汇如: the financial
crisis/tsunami等);或城市交通问题等.
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