网络环境下的大学英语写作教学

第一篇：网络环境下的大学英语写作教学

网络环境下的大学英语写作教学

【摘 要】英语写作是大学英语教学中非常重要却又容易被忽视的环节，传统教学模式中存在的问题一直没有得到解决。多媒体网络技术的发展和建构主义教学观为大学英语写作教学提供了新的平台和思路。本文笔者试图用建构主义的观点来分析网络技术应用于大学英语写作教学的优势，探讨基于网络的大学英语写作教学新模式。

【关键词】英语写作教学 网络技术 建构主义

【中图分类号】G642 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1674-4810（2014）13-0088-02

长期以来，英语写作是大学英语教学中容易被忽视的部分。很多高校没有开设大学英语写作课程，也没有独立的英语写作教材，大部分教师仅是利用读写课程的空余时间讲解写作技巧，布置写作任务。这种“以教师为中心”的英语写作教学方式由于课时有限、大班教学以及教师在批改学生作文时巨大的工作量，在很大程度上制约了写作教学的发展，学生的写作水平得不到提高。因此，进行大学英语写作教学改革，探索大学英语写作教学新模式成为一项刻不容缓的任务。教育部颁发的《大学英语课程教学要求》强调大学英语教学要采用以现代信息技术，特别是网络技术为支撑的新型英语教学模式。这也为大学英语写作的教学提供了新思路。随着网络技术的蓬勃发展，英语写作的教学观念、教学内容和教学方式得到了有力的物质支持。如何实现信息技术与英语写作课程的有效结合，构建网络环境下的大学英语写作教学模式，已成为英语写作教学的迫切需要。

一 网络环境下英语写作教学的理论基础――建构主义

建构主义，其先驱者可追溯至瑞士的皮亚杰。20世纪60年代，皮亚杰最先提出认知建构观。建构主义提倡在教师指导下、以学习者为中心的学习，既强调学习者的认知主体作用，又不忽视教师的指导作用。教师是意义建构的帮助者、促进者，而不是知识的传授者与灌输者。学生是信息加工的主体、是意义的主动建构者，而不是外部刺激的被动接受者和被灌输的对象。建构主义认为，学习者的知识是在一定情境下，借助他人的帮助，如人与人之间的协作、交流、利用必要的信息等，通过意义的建构而获得。理想的学习环境包括情境、协作、交流和意义建构四个部分。与建构主义学习理论以及建构主义学习环境相适应的教学模式为：“以学生为中心，在整个教学过程中由教师起组织者、指导者、帮助者和促进者的作用，利用情境、协作、会话等学习环境要素充分发挥学生的主动性、积极性和首创精神，最终达到使学生有效地实现对当前所学知识的意义建构的目的。”在这种模式中，学生是知识意义的主动建构者；教师是教学过程的组织者、指导者，意义建构的帮助者、促进者；教材所提供的知识不再是教师传授的内容，而是学生主动建构意义的对象；媒体也不再是帮助教师传授知识的手段、方法，而是用来创设情境、进行协作学习和会话交流，即作为学生主动学习、协作式探索的认知工具。

随着网络技术的高速发展，网络教学模式与建构主义对学习环境的要求契合。因此，建构主义学习理论成为网络教学的主要理论基础。

二 网络环境下英语写作教学的优势

1.以学生为中心，调动学生的积极性

网络教学以其新颖的形式和多样化的内容，利用图片、音乐、视频等多种表现形式激发学生的学习热情和积极性。网络环境下不仅能创造逼真的语言环境，而且在写作中将文字、图像、声音和动画结合起来，使写作更加生动、活泼、有感染力。在多媒体网络英语写作教学中，写作学习的重心已由教师转移到了学生。教师起组织、引导和答疑的作用，学生却能充分发挥自己的主动性和首创精神，最终达到使自己有效地实现对当前所学知识进行意义建构的目的。

2.网络多媒体为写作提供丰富的素材

在传统的写作教学模式下，写作任务的材料通常来自课后习题，一方面话题比较陈旧，体现不出时代感；另一方面与学生生活联系不紧密，学生往往缺乏兴趣，写作积极性不高，导致写作质量较差。而在多媒体网络环境下进行写作教学的优势就在于它将丰富多彩的文本、图片、声音、视频等媒体结合在一起，激发学生的写作热情。网络可以为学生提供丰富的写作资源，学生可以从各种英语学习网站上获取大量相关信息，搜集写作素材，积累写作技巧。学生可以利用搜索引擎，如Baidu、Google、有道等轻松地获得许多与写作主题相关的信息。这样，学生可以在写作之前进行充分的知识储备，扩大自己的知识面，深化自己对某一话题的认识，写的时候就会言之有物，有思想深度。通过学习英语写作网站中的优秀范文来拓展他们的知识面，积累写作技巧，从而对写作更有热情，提高自己的英语写作水平。

3.有利于培养学生自主学习的能力

传统的大学英语写作教学模式是：教师讲一个写作技巧之后布置一个作文题目，学生写完之后交上作业，教师最后进行批改。在这种教学模式下，学生处于被动地位，造成学生作文中思想贫乏，表达不流畅，内容空洞。在网络环境下，学生在英语写作教学中的角色由被动的知识接受者向主动的知识建构者转变，成为写作教学的主体。学习过程不再是被动地接受知识，消极地应对写作任务。学生的学习主体意识增强，在写作前的准备阶段，学生利用信息技术，检索大量的信息材料，用于准备写作课堂中的相关话题。在写作课堂的小组讨论活动中，由于前期的积极参与，活动时能更好地融入相关话题，激发更大的学习热情，从而能够积极主动地吸取写作材料中的思想、观点和语言，使语言最大限度地内化为自己的知识。

在写作过程的实践中，学生可以对所吸收到的写作观点及相关的语言表达方式进行整合，增加写作观点，丰富语言表达形式，从而更好地融入写作过程中，体现了以“学习者为中心”的建构主义教学理念。

4.有利于师生互动，提高写作效率

在传统写作教学中，教师批改作文的时间有限，只是简单勾画出语法和表达错误，不能完全传达给学生写作错误的理由，师生缺乏交流，这种情况下学生的写作水平很难得到提高。而网络平台具有实时交流的特点，便于学生之间开展讨论和分享信息。利用电脑可以将写板书的时间大大缩短，增加了师生互动的频率。在老师的指导下，学生之间相互探讨写作技巧，并运用技巧编造句子，这样既活跃了课堂气氛，而且让学生将学到的写作理论运用到实践中。通过网络学生还可以利用QQ、论坛以及新兴的微博和微信等其他交流平台进行写作方面的探讨。这种方式在鼓励学生写作的同时，也增进了师生间的感情。在这种模式下，学生可以自由选择交流的时间、形式以及内容，教师通过这种交流来监控每个学生的写作过程，随时给予必要的指导。这必将会大大提高大学英语写作教学的效率。

三 结束语

建构主义学习理论为基于网络的大学英语写作教学提供了新思路和广阔的空间。基于网络技术的英语写作教学模式为大学英语教学指出了新方向。网络环境下的英语写作教学模式的优势有利于大学生英语写作能力的培养和提高。但是，由于各个学校的现实条件，网络环境只是作为传统写作教学的辅助方式。在探索新的教学模式过程中还有一些潜在问题需要加以考虑：一方面，我们必须看到网络辅助工具的优越性，能有效提高自身的计算机水平和网络应用能力，并提高教学效果；另一方面，由于网络资源质量良莠不齐，因此网络环境下的英语写作教学过程中对于网络资源的选择并不是听任学生无目的地进行网络资源浏览，而是教师有意识有目的指导下学生对于资源的整合、归纳、吸收、运用的过程。

参考文献

[1]刘学思、陆雪芹.网络环境下英语学习策略的缺失与培养[J].湖北工业大学学报，2010（6）

[2]张晓艳.建构主义学习理论与大学英语教学[J].三峡大学学报（人文社会科学版），2006

〔责任编辑：庞远燕〕

第二篇：网络环境下初中英语写作教学案例

网络环境下初中英语写作探究性教学案例

设 计 缘 起

“网络环境下进行教学”是我国面向21世纪基础教育教学改革的新视点。如今网络资源越来越丰富，为学生的学习提供了大量的资源。网络时代不仅为英语写作教学带来了新的挑战，同时又为其提供了全新的思路和手段。作为计算机辅助英语教学的重要组成部分，网络辅助英语写作教学与传统写作教学相比，具有显而易见的优势：

1、体现信息获得和反馈的便捷性，2、体现学生训练写作的主体性。

3、体现学生尝试写作的积极性

4、体现学生参与写作的创造性。

5、体现教学资源的丰富性

近年来，我国的英语教师纷纷仿效国外网络辅助写作教学的成功范例，在自己的课堂进行尝试，取得了实效。如顾佩娅等(1997)、王琦(2000)和胡开杰等(2001)利用电子邮件提高学生英语写作水平，过小宁(2002)、顾纪鑫等(2002)利用网上写作实验室，顾佩娅等(2002)进行了网上英语写作与项目教学法的试验，刘伟(2000)、章国英等(2002)设计了网络英语写作课件或课程。显然，这些开拓性实践证明了网络辅助英语写作教学的可行性和优势地位。

案 例 综 述

一、Teaching content（教学内容）

以译林出版社的《牛津初中英语》九年级Unit5(Films)Reading

“Hollywoods all-time best—Audrey Hepburn”话题为背景，根据写作要求提示，组织材料，写一篇自己喜爱的明星传记（介绍）。

二、Teaching aims（教学目标）

1.写作技能目标：

在学习“Unit5(Films)”之后，学生通过理解与把握“ Hollywood’s all-time best—Audrey Hepburn”这篇人物传记，掌握用英文写简易人物传记（介绍）的基本技能。

2.学习策略目标：

（1）利用信息技术在网上浏览、欣赏众多图文并茂电影明星人物传记，并通过学生自主、合作、探究学习方式来仿写自己喜爱的电影明星传记。

（2）培养学生信息搜索、处理、加工的能力及创造能力。与此同时，大量接触与英语有关的电影题材，阅读有关材料，讨论相关话题，使学生巩固课文中所学到的有关词汇，学到更多词汇，并得到大量的听、说、读、写个方面的语言实践机会。促进写作水平的提高。

3.个体情感目标：

在小组协作学习中体会到相互协作的重要性，以及乐于使用计算机网络进行网上英语写作学习和交流，同时加强情感沟通。

三、Difficult and important points(教学重点与难点)

1.如何做好阅读与写作的衔接。

2.对学生仿写传记的评论与评价。

四、电教设计：

运用新课改的理念，把信息技术与英语写作教学进行合理有效整合，为学生积极主动的学习营造一个极好的心理场，从而调动学生多种感官参与学习，力求使视、听、讲、思、练有机地组成一个既能传授知识、培养能力，又能陶冶学生的情操，培养学生感知美、理解美、鉴赏美、创造美的动态功能系统。

五、Teaching Methods（教学方法）：

在多媒体网络教室，以学习小组为单位，把电脑摆成椭圆形，便于交流、合作。

环节一：抛出问题。

教师通过电脑多媒体课件播放电影配乐、电视明星剧照、图文并茂电影明星人物传记、精彩的电影剪接等，边播放边向同学提出相应问题，检查学生对所播内容了解程度，并借机鼓励学生对他们不了解的内容进行探索。播放之后，教师通过多媒体教学网络向学生呈现教学内容、介绍文体格式，简述写作方法、技巧、提出字数要求等。

【反思与分析】：人本主义心理学认为语言学习的过程中激发情感因素可提高学习效率。网络辅助写作教学可激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性，增强其社会意识和成功的自信心，为其提供表现个性特点的园地，使情感与认知有机结合起来，有助于素质教育。多媒体技术集图像、声音、文字、动画和数值于一体，作文命题或讲评形式更为直观，给学生提供多方位的感官刺激，这符合行为主义理论。在英语写作教学中，对于大多数学生而言，英语写作不轻松，也比较乏味。在每课开始时利用学生极感兴趣的精彩视频、唯美图片，创设“美”的情景，使学生耳目一新，既活跃了课堂气氛，拓展了学生的思维，又激发学生学习兴趣，这些易于理解的材料通过大脑输入，为下一步的写作做好了感性材料的准备。为英语写作打下了良好的基础。

环节二：查找资料。

学生通过本课专题网站、校园网以及各种搜索引擎进行资料收集：浏览网页、下载资料、阅读大量资料（教师进行适时指导）。先以学习小组为单位，由小组长组织组员进行协商讨论有关话题，交流观点，挖掘主题内容，查阅生词、词组，补充有关信息等，以便进一步完善或拓展其写作思路。尔后各自行动、搜索、查阅、收集相关史料、斟酌腹稿、为形成电子稿作铺垫。

【反思与分析】：建构主义学习理论认为学习是学习者在一定社会文化背景下，借助外界帮助，主动建构获得知识的过程。现代写作理论认为写作是一种认知活动。因特网可帮助学习者更快地学会研究性学习，培养其自学能力、合作能力、独立解决问题的能力，拓展其思路，激发其创作灵感。因特网是英

语学习的资料宝库，网上书面交流可提供大量真实贴切的、学生可理解的语言学习材料。同时还可使作文内容更贴近生活，使学生更关注社会。在多媒体的支持下，借助声音和图像的真实呈现，学生可以身临其境地接触到真实的写作素材，并与之进行有意义的互动，学生全方位亲身体验英语，实现语言学习和语言运用的紧密结合。

环节三：整理资料 形成成果。

学生对所获得的资料进行分析、小组成员分工进行文字创作、图片编辑或网页制作，形成作品：1独立写作(independent construction)：根据自探过程中在网上搜索、收集的相关视频、图片、文字等资料，通过小组讨论结果，小组成员每人进行实际的创作，包括编写提纲、打草稿等写作过程。在这个过程中，有困难可求助于网络、组员或老师，但不能抄袭他人成果。

2、伙伴编辑(peer editing)：根据教师呈现的简要修改策略，学生阅读全文，并做必要的扩充、删节。每个组员依次评改其他三位组员的作文，并标注出好词、好句、好段，最后定稿。

【反思与分析】： 文字处理软件帮助学生更快、更好、更自信地完成作业。与传统纸笔方式相比，可减少抄写作文的重复劳动。学生不必因担心卷面整洁问题而影响思路，不易产生厌倦或恐惧感，相反，作业美观可增强其写作兴趣与自信心。在写作过程中，由生生互动、问题互动，使学生积累了写作素材；同时，学生写作技能的培养在这里也得到了较好发展。从整理思路，组织素材，到列出提纲，遣词造句，写出文章，整个过程是连贯的，是一体的。在这个环节中，教师使用了“问题型”、“任务型”教学法，通过学生的班级活动，小组活动，促进了学生之间的交流、合作能力。在小组交流过程中，老师也适时地参与到了讨论当中，并能适时地加以指导，教师扮演了活动的组织者，学生的指导者和启发者的身份；体现了学生是课堂的主体，一切活动都是围绕学生的学来展开的。

环节四：交流成果。

学生四人一组进行组内交流后，把自己的作品传到班上的网页上，每位同学生在自己的电脑上可任意欣赏其他组的作品，从而达到资源共享，互相学习，为下面演示作品、评价作品做准备。在“我型我秀”环节中，每组选出代表在班上进行交流。请小组代表根据研究任务、探究结果，向全体同学诠释、演示本组代表作。通过电子教室，当一个小组在介绍本组作品时，其他同学的电脑屏幕上都会显示出该小组的作品。

【反思与分析】：语言教学交际理论认为写作是一种交际活动，学生通过网络交流成果，积极提出问题并讨论问题，通过与其他同学、同龄人和教师的交流合作，改善自我表达能力和交际能力。在此环节中，进一步体现了以学生为主、教师为辅的师生多向交流的教学模式，让学生在团结协作的“会话”环境中发挥主动性、积极性和合作精神，它激发了学生自我确认、自我完善和相

互竞赛的动机，以及增强与人合作的技能和心理承受力，并在此过程中逐渐学会学习、学会欣赏、学会评价；增进了同学间的感情交流，改善他们的人际关系；实现了学生在民主、和谐、融洽的氛围中获取知识能力的途径，是提高课堂教学效率，加大学习密度，拓展学生情感交流，培养学生综合素质的必由之路。

环节五：师生评价

教师规定每位学生在网上阅读至少五位同学的文章，并从中选出他们认为最好的文章。文章评价的标准由教师通过网络发送给学生，供学生参考（教师的标准：（1）Topic；（2）Editing；（3）Creativethinking ；(4)Structure；

(5)Choice of vocabulary。）

此环节，教师可实现当堂点评、指导、讲解。信息的反馈仅在鼠标点击之间。教师可以轻易将某个学生的写作调出，展示在全体学生面前，让学生在教师的指导下集体修改，还可以让每个学生提出自己的意见，在网上进行讨论。

小组写作是集体智慧的结晶，作文质量高，也相对工整，师生评价时主要就内容 和文章结构发表评论，提出修改意见，采用实分制，对于好词、好句、好段、好作文予以加分，以示鼓励；通过对成绩的分析对比，表扬成绩高的小组和进步的小组；把成绩最好的作文作为范文在全班朗读，从构思、谋篇布局到语言运用诸方面充分肯定作文的优点，使学生多接触正面的内容，把成绩高的小组作文张贴在班级“佳作欣赏栏”上，并要求所有同学与此对照，对自己的作文进行反思评价。网络系统根据各小组的得分高低，自动对各小组的成绩进行排序，学生可以随时浏览了解各小组得分情况。（成果质量汇总表略）

【反思与分析】：同伴评价实际上是合作学习的一种形式，其重要理论基础就是考卡夫（Kafka, K）最早提出的“群体动力理论”（group dynamics）。通过组内讨论交流，小组评选，学生对自己所写作文的要求与要点以及注意事项都有了大体的印象。老师再利用电子教室选择不同层次代表性的文章当堂点评。对于学生作文中比较容易出现的问题，应讨论出合理化建议并加以纠正，比如时态错误等。如果他们能在写作中出现比较深层次的认识，教师应及时予以表扬，从而培养学生的写作热情，提高评价和欣赏文章的水平。机器阅卷与文字处理软件有助于教师更高效地批改和讲评作业，既能减轻教师负担，又能提高教学效果。师生可建立作业档案和进行其它教学管理。可根据作业档案清楚地了解和分析其学习动态及进步情况，有针对性地进行提高。教师可利用Excel等软件管理学生的成绩，以便形象地再现写作思维活动的过程。Word等文字处理软件可保存每一稿的写作修改，记录写作过程，使创作者对写作这一富于动态感的思维过程有更感性的认识。

六、结语

本节课展示了基于网络进行英语写作探究性学习的模式，它是一个完整的探究学习过程，包括了问题的抛出、查找资料、分析资料、形成结论、交流评

价几个环节，所有的环节在短短的一节课完成，这一在常规课堂中不可能实现的梦想在运用网络教学中成为现实。

笔者经过今年的实践与研究，在“利用网络进行初中英语写作探究性学习”上，取得了一下成效：第一，学生的英语学习的兴趣明显提高；第二，学生的主体意识有较明显的提高；第三，学生的英语能力有较明显的提高；第四，学生的英语作文成绩有明显提高；第五，提高了英语教学质量，为初中英语课堂写作教学改革提供了新的思路。

值得注意的是，在实施方案之前既要重视教师所做的准备工作，也要重视学生进行活动所需要的技能准备，尽可能消除活动中可能出现的无关障碍，保证活动的顺利进行，这一点，在本课中体现的总的还不错，但个别同学还做得欠佳，应加以提高，另外值得注意的一点是，在整合过程中英语教师与信息教师之间要加强配合，教师们可以利用各自的学科优势，承担不同的职责，为学生有效地进行活动提供更多的帮助。

总之，将网络技术引入英语写作教学，以现代写作理论为指导，从重视写作过程的教学思想出发，革新教学手段，才能引起教学观念与方法上的根本改变，从而克服传统教学中的一些缺陷。

参考文献:

1．顾佩娅，苏晓军，1997，Email与英语教学：理论与应用[J]，外语电化教学(1)：17-20。

2．王琦，2000，E-mail与现代英语写作教学[J]，外语电化教学(3)：39-41。

3．胡开杰，吴安萍，2001，EMAILING在英语写作教学中的作用与尝试[J]，南京理工大学学报(社科版)(5)：61-64。

4．顾纪鑫，丁煜，2002，英语写作教学新手段—网上写作实验室[J]，外语电化教学(5)：37-40。

5．顾佩娅，朱敏华，2002，网上英语写作与项目教学法研究[J]，外语电化教学(6)：3-7。

6．刘伟，2000，网上英语写作课件的开发[J]，外语电化教学，(3)：42-44。

7．章国英，胡继岳，2002，网络英语写作课程的设计及应用[J]，中国医学教育技术(4)：240-243。

8．张建伟，卢达溶，2002，关于网络协作探究学习及其影响因素的实证研究[J]，电化教育研究(8)：38-41。

9．顾佩娅，曹岭岚，许可，1999, 漫游INTERNET英语世界—Internet辅助英语教学[M]，上海：上海外语教育出版社。.

第三篇：网络多媒体教学环境下的大学英语教师角色定位

网络多媒体教学环境下的大学英语教师角色定位

发表论文选择秘籍网

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摘要:目前,我国大学英语教学正在进行一轮新的改革,其中一个重要组成部分就是要改革传统的教学模式,建立基于计算机的英语多媒体教学模式。以建构主义理论、第二语言习得理论为基础,教师在新的教学模式下应扮演多重角色,不仅是课程的设计者、组织者,还应当是教学过程中学生建构知识的积极引导者、帮助者和促进者,也是课堂活动的参与者。

关键词:大学英语;多媒体教学模式;教师角色

中图分类号:G451.2文献标识码:A文章编号:1671-0568(2010)29-0014-02

随着计算机技术的飞速发展,计算机作为一种辅助英语教学的手段越来越广泛地应用到课堂教学当中。最新的ELT(English Language Teaching)理论强调语言学习是一个教与学、教师与学生之间的互动过程(Interactive Process)。由此,网络环境下大学英语教师角色转型已是势在必行。大学英语教师的角色定位应从传统的被动受训、被动传授的地位转向主动探索和自主发展教学的模式。

一、网络多媒体教学环境的特点

《大学英语课程教学要求》规定各高等学校“应大量使用先进的信息技术,开发和建设各种基于计算机和网络的课程,为学生提供良好的语言学习环境与条件”,肯定了网络多媒体辅助外语教学的教学模式,要求“各高等学校应充分利用现代信息技术,采用基于计算机和课堂的英语教学模式,改进以教师讲授为主的单一教学模式。新的教学模式应以现代信息技术、特别是网络技术为支撑,使英语的教与学可以在一定程度上不受时间和地点的限制,朝着个性化和自主式学习的方向发展。”

网络化外语教学拓展了教学的时间和空间。随着我国计算机网络技术的发展和教学软件的开发,英语多媒体网络教学的优势日渐显现出来。其显著优势之一,在于教师通过利用网络、多媒体教学,营造生动活泼的教学环境,提高了教学效率和教学质量。多媒体教学利用文字、图形、图像、动画、视频、音频一体化界面,加大了对学生的感官刺激,使教学变得形象化、立体化和生动化,从而提高了学生的学习兴趣。在多媒体技术的扶助下,教师的角色也正从单纯的讲解者和指挥者转向多元化。

二、网络多媒体教学中引发教师角色转变的因素

1.教学权威资源重配而导致的教师角色转变

相对于传统的教学模式而言,网络多媒体形成了新的教育环境,教师将面临与网络分享权威的境地。从权威的作用结构来看,由教师独占的单一权威向与网络分享的多极化权威发展;从权威的作用时空来看,教师权威已不限于学校里的时间与空间;从权威作用的方式来看,由过去单一的师生面对面交往转化为面对面交往、网上交流等多种模式共存的多元化交往。因此,在网络多媒体环境中,学生和教师在机会更均等的条件下共同分享权威资源,能够实现权威资源的公平配置。但是,这样也容易导致教师在教学活动中权威地位的丧失。因此,教师必须实现由学生学习的控制者到学习的参与者的角色转变。

2.教学活动中心调整而导致的教师角色转变

在引入网络多媒体之前的传统教学模式下,教师在教学活动中扮演着知识灌输者的角色,以“讲”为中心开展教学活动,容易导致学生被动接受知识而忽视主动学习。网络多媒体教学综合利用声、图、文等多种媒体技术,能够提供界面友好、形象直观的交互式学习环境,实现对学生多种感官的综合刺激,提高学生对知识的获取效率,延长保持时间。在此模式下,知识传达的大部分任务由网络媒体代替教师承担,而教师则应考虑如何引导学生更好地接收、理解知识,教学活动的中心转到了学生身上。因此,教师必须实现由知识的传授者到学生主动学习知识的指导者的角色转变。

3.教师情感障碍应对而导致的教师角色转变

情感因素在语言学习中具有重要的意义:压抑、自我封闭、乏味的感觉会严重影响学习效率;而专心、积极、自信的感觉则会有效地发挥乃至放大学习潜力。在传统的教学模式下,可以通过教师个人魅力和教学技巧的发挥,活跃课堂气氛,引导学生积极参与。但碍于当前科学技术的发展水平,单纯利用网络多媒体完成的教学缺乏实时的情感交流——即存在所谓情感障碍的问题。因此,在网络多媒体环境之下,教师要把握好适度运用网络多媒体技术手段的原则,应将自身定位成弥补情感缺失、实现情感交流的“课堂主持人”,而切忌将自己降格成为“电脑操作员”。

三、网络多媒体环境下大学英语教师的角色定位

多媒体技术确实给外语教学带来了很多好处。但要让多媒体为学生提供真正有效的指导和帮助,教师就面临着自身角色的重新审视和定位。

1.在培养学生的学习自主性方面,教师是知识意义建构的帮助者、促进者

多媒体网络教学已代表一种全新的教学模式进入了大学英语的教学课堂,这种模式要求突出学习者的主体地位,以学生个性化学习方法的形成和学生自主学习能力的发展作为最终目标,自主性地形成和发展,离不开教师的正确引导,学生主体要与教师主导相结合,才会产生积极有效的教学活动。许多学生一开始接触多媒体教学时热情很高,一段时间后,实际学习效果与他们的期望值存在很大差距时,便失去了学习积极性。教师的专业知识和经验可帮助学生正确确定学习态度和方向,帮助学生掌握一些学习技巧,了解语言学习特点和规律,使其能更好地实践自主性学习。

2.教师是教学过程中的组织者、设计者

在多媒体辅助教学的模式下,教师还承担着安排课堂学习活动和协助组织课外互动合作的重要任务。一般来说,多媒体辅助英语学习活动分为个体活动、两人活动和小组活动三类。教师需要向学生介绍某种活动的具体程序,阐明活动的类别,指出该活动对于提高英语学习的意义。对于具体的课堂活动,教师则应首先给出详细规则,如果是小组活动还应分组。当确信学生清楚自己的责任之后,方能下达开始命令。对于学生的课外自学活动,教师有责任帮助他们利用各种渠道和平台开展活动。与此同时,教师又承担着协调责任。当学生碰到棘手的问题时教师应积极介入,作为中间人(middle-man)主动参与矛盾的解决。

3.教师是学生学习活动的参与者

多媒体教学具有较强的交互性,教师应设计一些协作性强的教学活动并参与其中,这对于提高学生参与程度、改进教学效果都有积极影响。这就要求教师具有不断学习、更新知识的意识,以便迎接未来的各种挑战。

4.教师是检测者、评估者

在多媒体辅助教学模式下,学生自主学习的空间比较大,学习内容比较广,教师要对学生的学习过程和内容多加关注,既要发挥学生的主动性,又要使他们的学习掌握在教师的监督之下,定时对学生的学习效果进行检查、评估。只有对学生的自主学习效果作出正确的评估,才能继续下一步的具体教学。教师应该在评估方法和评估内容方面多加研究,找到有效的方法和途径。

总之,在多媒体网络教学中,教师是主导,学生是主体,教师应借助多媒体创设语言环境,充分调动学生的主动性,使学生由传统教学中的被动学习者转变为新的教学模式下的自主学习者。多媒体教学对教师提出了更大的挑战,需要比在传统教学中更加积极地发挥作用,扮演多重角色,才能适应时代对大学英语教师的要求。

参考文献:

[1]彭敏等.大学英语多媒体教学的实践与思考[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,(3).[2]王冬杰.多媒体技术与大学英语教学[J].沈阳建筑大学学报,2007,(2).[3]马俊波.论高校CALL的发展定位[J].山东外语教学,2000,(3).[4]李萌涛.多媒体投影英语课堂教学初探[J].外语界,2001,(3).

第四篇：多媒体网络环境下的高中英语写作教学

多媒体网络环境下的高中英语写作教学

内容摘要

根据新课标，高中英语写作教学越来越重视学生的独立、协作、创新和利用多媒体网络进行交流学习、搜索信息的能力。令我们欣慰的是，现在多媒体网络技术恰好能够满足新课标各个方面的要求。多媒体网络写作教学有许多的优势是传统写作教学无法超越的。在教学过程中，老师能够提供多种多样的刺激材料，并且能够利用多媒体网络平台进行独立搜索、处理材料，他们能够互相交流、讨论作文主题、互相评价作品。然而，多媒体网络写作教学也有它本身的缺点，因此需要我们付出巨大的努力去克服它们，唯有通过这种方式，我们才能得到好的教学效果。

关键词： 多媒体网络

写作教学

信息培养

交流

i

Abstract The new request for the senior high school English writing in accordance with the new curriculum standard values more and more the abilities of students’ independence, cooperation, innovation and application of a multi-media network to carry on communicating study and searching information.What makes us happy is that the multi-media network technology just can satisfy all the above aspects of the requests of the new curriculum standard at the right moment.Comparing the multi-media network writing teaching with traditional teaching, the former has more advantages than the latter.During teaching, the teacher can provide various stimulating materials, and the students can make use of a network platform for independent search for and processing of materials.They can also communicate and discuss the topics and evaluate works with each other.However，the multi-media network writing teaching also has shortages of itself, so it needs us to make great effort to overcome them.Only in this way can we get a good teaching effect.Key words: multi-media;network;writing teaching;information cultivation;communication

ii

Contents

1.New Request to the Senior High School English Writing..................................1 2.Comparison of Writing Teaching between Two Modes.....................................2

2.1 The definitions of the two concepts.............................................................................2 2.2 The advantages of the teaching under the multi-media network.............................2

2.2.1 The comparison of teaching means......................................................................2

2.2.2 The comparison of teaching content.....................................................................3

2.2.3 The comparison of teaching effect.......................................................................4

2.2.4 The comparison of teaching roles.........................................................................5

3.Writing Teaching under Multi-media Network Environment.........................6

3.1 Preparation before class...............................................................................................6 3.2 The classroom writing teaching...................................................................................6 3.3 Writing communication on network platform after class.........................................8 3.4 Students’ and teachers’ work before presenting the works......................................8 3.5 Evaluation of the students learning............................................................................9

4.Solutions in Multi-media Network Environment Writing Teaching.............9

4.1 Problems........................................................................................................................9

iii 4.1.1 The poor ability of teachers’ educational technique.............................................9

4.1.2 The low level of students’ information literacy..................................................10

4.1.3 The disorder and overflow network resources....................................................10

4.1.4 Using multimedia too much...............................................................................11 4.2 Solutions......................................................................................................................11

4.2.1 Improving teachers’ ability of using multi-media network................................11

4.2.2 Paying attentions to the development of the information literacy of students...11

4.2.3 Raising the discrimination and inspection ability of information......................12

4.2.4 Combining the multi-media and traditional teachings together.........................12 5.Conclusion........................................................................................................................12 References Acknowledgements iv

Senior High School English Writing Teaching under the Multi-media Network Environment

1.New Request to the Senior High School English Writing The request of new curriculum standard promulgated in 2003 for senior high school student’s writing skill has exaltation on the foundation of original English syllabus in Senior High School.This new request mainly focuses at: if students can independently draft a simple report;if they can write a brief story according to the pictures;if they have the ability to reorganize the text as short play;if they can write memos, simple letters and greeting cards with the fitting language;if they can describe persons or affairs and express their own views;if they can fill in forms relating to personal circumstance;if they can write a short composition which has coherent language meaning and complete structures.What’s more, the writing skill’s request to graduate students in the senior high school also becomes higher and more concrete than before.For example:(1)students can write summary, report, notice, and official business letter in English and so on;(2)they can describe scenario, attitude and feelings in English more detailed and vividly;(3)they can elaborate their own standpoints and comment the standpoint of others with proper literary style and accurate phrases;(4)they can fill in various forms and write resumes or applications;(5)they can make not-professional translations and so on.Curriculum standard not only emphasizes the request to the students’ ability of writing, which trains students to have the ability of expressing fact, standpoint, emotion and communicating information;cultivates student’s writing habit of norm;trains students to have the ability of problem analysis, problem-solving, and developing their judgment thinking, but also emphasizes to raise students’ own attainment which needs to take students as corpus and make students the center;to develop students the ability of independent learning and cooperative learning;to cultivate students the ability of using comprehensive language;to make students foster English cultural consciousness;to train students’ ability of obtaining information and processing information.However, teaching under multi-media network environment just can well meet the new request of new curriculum standard, and it also matches the teaching views of constructivism and humanism which are helpful for raising students’ ability of using synthesize language completely, and developing the student’s English writing skill in the environment of the good multi-media network adequately.2.Comparison of Writing Teaching between Two Modes

2.1 The definitions of the two concepts Multi-media network English teaching mode: it carries out English teaching with computer and network, mutually combined with the control centre, which including the video present, projecting apparatus, DVD, recorder and acoustic equipments for the multi-media platform.It can get support from the comprehensive usage of various media in English cultural background teaching.Many techniques and methods are used for the teaching of English, for example, the computer supporting facilities, broadcasting, television, movie, and electronics publication etc., which concretely includes songs, brief strokes, slides, videos, video frequency CDs, animations etc.This mode really makes teachers, instructional media and teaching effect truly attain three-in-one.Traditional English teaching mode: it takes teachers as the center.Teachers explain knowledge in detail, with various simple media as teaching means and methods introducing knowledge to students.In this mode, students passively accept knowledge that the teacher teaches.In a word, teachers teach on their own initiative, and students are the passive receivers of the external world incitement of knowledge, and the teaching materials are the contents that the teachers instill towards the students, and simple instructional media are the mainly methods and means that the teachers instill towards the students.Teacher, student, teaching materials, which have their respective clear functions, and the relation between each other is explicit.It becomes a kind of stable structure form of teaching activity progress, and namely teaching mode.2.2 The advantages of the teaching under the multi-media network 2.2.1 The comparison of teaching means For the writing teaching in traditional senior high schools, teachers are the whole center of teaching, and students are just the passive receivers.In class, teachers explain vocabularies of writing in detail, analysis sentence structures, provide excellent examples on the blackboard for students, and let all students carry on writing around a given topic.After class, teachers correct the students’ compositions in a very slow speed, so what the students have to do during the time is to wait patiently for the results that the teacher will give them.We can obviously get that this kind of mode is impossible to arouse students’ strong interests in writing, and the articles all the students write will be likely to be monotonous.It may not agree with the tunnel expression method in English, and students can’t have innovation and creation, either.The multi-media network teaching is a kind of mode which gathers various teaching media, such as texts, pictures, animations, voices and so on.It can provide students with the incitements of various senses which will be helpful for students to obtain and keep knowledge, and also largely stir up students’ enthusiasm in studies.What’s more, it can encourage students to participate actively in classroom, and then raise the teaching efficiency.Teachers make use of the multimedia to change the writings on the blackboard into vivid pictures or animations of image, and pleasing music is regarded as the tools of teaching.In this way, it not only saves time of writing and painting on blackboard, but also it extends the capacity of teaching, and makes the important and difficult points of knowledge outstanding.Multi-media and provides a comfortable writing environment for students more easily to comprehend and master the knowledge and technique of English writing.After class, with network platforms like BBS,E-mails, teachers can organize students to carry on discussions for exchanging views, evaluating and correcting the compositions for each other, and it not only can help save a lot of time for teacher’s correction of compositions, but also can it make students know the shortages of standpoints in their own compositions in a short time, so they can correct the mistakes in time.2.2.2 The comparison of teaching content The content of teaching in the traditional teaching is usually from teaching materials.Teachers select a suitable writing topic according to the contents of teaching materials.Some teachers may also give students some excellent texts that they collected, provide some thinking ways of writing.Comparing with the traditional teaching, the multi-media network teaching has advantages of abundant resources in this aspect.Firstly, the teaching content of courses not only come from teaching materials or some excellent examples, teachers can also collect related background information, pictures, animations on the network according to the students’ circumstance.After collecting something like social current trend of events, the general knowledge of daily life, then teachers can create these materials into elegant PPT and provide vivid writing scene for students.Secondly, students can surf the Internet to look for various resources in different websites and collect materials which they are interested in and put them onto the internet forums of their own class.They can share them with other students or e-mail them to the teachers which can provide good writing topics as a certain reference for teachers’ writing teaching.The content made in this way is not only easier to help stir up the students’ interest in writing and help develop their ability of imagination and innovation which is advantageous to a student to write a good work in a different angle or standpoint, but also it can help broaden students’ visual fields, and help develop the ability of collecting information resources and acquiring knowledge independently.For example: students can use the websites of English countries to look for rich write materials, which not only can make them understand foreign culture better, but also help the students be able to create tunnel English compositions.2.2.3 The comparison of teaching effect In traditional writing teaching mode, teachers are the only organizers and governors of teaching process.Content of course is monotonous and the way of teaching is tedious.Students are just placed in one passive position and obedient to whatever the teachers say, so they are not easy to take actively part in the process of writing teaching.What’s more, students can hardly write an tunnel article naturally, and usually all the articles are monotonous and have much grammar and expression mistakes, lacking innovation.In multi-media network teaching mode, the blending of texts, graphics and audio-visual courseware can active classroom’s atmosphere;and it also can make the abstract texts changed into pictures and animations which is a good way for students more easily to accept knowledge.Teachers’ establishment of writing environment with meticulous care is advantageous to produce out works of creation in special viewpoints.Teachers can organize students to form groups and carry on discussions for exchanging thoughts and which can largely improve students’ language organizational skill, also it is advantageous to the development of their ability of cooperation learning, and forming well-knited writing thought.Students also can make use of campus network or Internet to collect writing materials and look for excellent writing examples, which are advantageous to cultivating their information literacy.And on the network platform, the students can evaluate and correct their works with each other, which can promote the exchanges and cooperation of each other.The teachers carry on the process of correcting students’ work online and make feedback more quick.And, teachers can make use of the multi-media network according to different students’ study levels and characteristics to design all kinds of writing practices for them.This is very advantageous to carry on individual teaching and to teach according to students’ abilities.So the use of multi-media network teaching can make the teaching effect a very great exaltation.2.2.4 The comparison of teaching roles In traditional writing teaching process, teachers are the main roles in teaching stage, however, students are just some audiences.While having a class, teachers only stand on the platform with blackboards, teaching materials, and the oral communication language to provide knowledge for students.In the same time, students just listen to the teacher’s arrangement and passively accept knowledge, have no chance to express the views of them.So this kind of mode is not a good way for students’ creation and improvement in writing.The multi-media network teaching brakes this kind of mode which takes teachers as the center of teaching process, and it pays attention to the characteristics of activity, interaction and cooperation, independence of teaching and treats students as the corpus of teaching, with teachers as the participants of language activity, the promoters of information, the instructors, governors of classroom activities, the inspirations of teaching activity and examiners of students information feedback.When having a class, the teacher can provide some writing materials and organize students to form several groups to carry on discussions according to the students’ different characteristics.In this process, teachers should not interrupt the students’ discussion, but they can provide some suggestions and guidance to students which can help students discuss in a correct direction.Students can make use of network resources to choose writing topics which they are interested in.What’s more, they can also become members of writing evaluation, and carrying on an evaluation to the works of others is a good way for students to know the shortages of themselves.The conversion of teaching roles makes students more active in writing class, and they also can form the ability of independent study.By evaluation and correction works with each other, students’ abilities of analysis, dealing with writing information will raise a lot.3.Writing Teaching under Multi-media Network Environment In the process of writing teaching, teachers can make use of multi-media network to establish vivid writing environment.They can also adopt the teaching method of task-driving, which is a multi-layer and multi-angles teaching strategies, to guide students how to take a participation of thought.What’s more, they can make use of the network to establish a communication platform for cooperation learning, correcting and evaluating works with each other to raise students’ abilities of evaluation and cooperation study.3.1 Preparation before class Teachers can make use of some Internet indexes to look for materials which has something to do with the composition topic of this lesson.For example: the background materials of writing topics, relevant pictures, videos, audios and so on.And teachers also must prepare the new vocabularies, sentence structures that may use during the class, and they should change these materials into elegant multi-media courseware for a full use in class.Teachers can go to some special subjective websites on writing to look for and make references to some excellent writing courseware, then form their own well-waving teaching courseware according to the students’ characteristics and need of teaching.3.2 The classroom writing teaching We should establish various environments of writing teaching for the students.Firstly, you can use the real objects to make environment for writing.For example: if you want to write an article about the statue of Liberty in America, teachers can present the pictures of the statue on the multimedia, then he may also enlarge some details of the pictures, so the students can easily describe the characteristics of the statue of Liberty through observe the pictures carefully.Secondly, it is a good way to represent some cases when you make environment.If there is an article concerning history affairs, how can teachers let students feel its social background and the statement of the people’ thought a lot of years ago.Then the function of multi-media can be highlighted at this time.We can make use of multimedia to project a video concerning this history affairs, so students can not only feel the social atmosphere personally on the scene, but also can easily stir up their inspirations of writing.Thirdly, using story to make writing environment For example: teachers can display a few story pictures for students firstly, then let students discuss and imagine the story and development of the plots in the pictures.Then students weave their own stories and performance the stories in front of the class.Teachers should remind students of noticing the beginning, development of the story, and paying attention to the design of suspense.Finally, students can finish a well-knitted article in a good way which can train a student to obtain and handle information effectively, it can also help students raise the ability of analyzing and processing problems according to the information that students has got, and it makes the students get initial understand of the English manuscripts.Fourthly, you can make use of the network to establish write environment.Teachers make use of a forum on the network, such as BBS, e-mail, wiki and so on, and then they can imitate the daily life scenes of foreign countries which speak English to establish a scene communicating in English.Such a good environment is helpful for students’ English writing, and it can raise the ability of a student to communicate and express his own opinion.Teachers can provide digital sharing resources, like foreign culture, politics, customs etc.and this is helpful to cultivate students English cultural literacy, because the biggest problem students facing in the past is that they always write English articles with Chinese language, which does not agree with cultural habits of English nation.Organizing group cooperative communication is also an important thing.When teachers have established writing scene and have provided writing materials for students, they can organize students to form groups for cooperation learning and exchanging views.Because different students’ Cognitive level, experiences are different, making students communicate their own standpoints with each other, is helpful for mobilizing the enthusiasm of the classmates, and it also help students find out the shortages of themselves, then they can correct the mistakes in the way of thinking in time.After students can mutually communicate the standpoints of the materials provided by teachers, students can discuss the way of write thinking with each other, and generalize the approximate frame of a work;finally they should display the achievement in front of all classmates.As a group，students must understand the meaning of what has been presented, and how the multi-media to do the work well for conveying their topic of interest.The students should choose a leader in their groups and organize different tasks with their members.3.3 Writing communication on network platform after class Because of Internet and the establishment of campus network, the interaction between the teachers and students extends from the classroom to outside, from solid time to any time.This gives teachers and students opportunity of mutual communicating during class or after class.Students can use network, like e-mail, BBS, forum, communicate with each other and discuss something about writing together.Teachers can take advantage of forum to send out writing topics, then students can discuss their own standpoints with each other directly.What’s more, if students have any questions, they can ask teachers for help by e-mails, and teachers will have a man-to-man solution patiently.Students’ can correct and evaluate compositions with each other on the network.For example: whether the contents is complete;whether there is some spelling mistakes in the compositions;whether the usage of phrases and vocabularies is correct;whether it is logically organized;whether article structure is tightly packed and so on.They can also share their own collects of excellent resources with each other.Because resources on the network are very abundant, the students can make use of index tools to collect writing-related materials, and go to some special subject websites of writing to read the excellent examples of article, they can also make use of the excellent resources that classmates have already collected and shared in the network forum.For example: students want to write an article on the topic of “The nation that I like most”, they can form their own writing ways of thinking after searching electronic resources on the network, or landing on some websites to seek some related materials, then tiding these materials up.3.4 Students’ and teachers’ work before presenting the works After teachers’ guidance, students’ correction and evaluation with each other and classmates themselves’ modification, a complete composition is finished.Then students can make use of e-mails to hand over the composition to teachers for a further correction.After correcting the compositions, the teacher can feedback the results to students by e-mails in time, so students can rectify the given mistakes in the works in a very short time, then finally they will finish a perfect work.At last, students can put the final works on the presentation platform in the network of their own class, sharing them with other classmates or they can make use these works themselves later.Also they can put the works on their own blog, as their own diaries of study growth.3.5 Evaluation of the students learning Because of the use of the multimedia and network, students should be evaluated by what they have done in class after finishing a writing work.For example: their attitudes towards the works, the students’ problem-solving skills，collaborative efforts and teamwork, the information they have shared with others.This kind of method can evaluate the students completely, and it can also avoid evaluating them only by the finally works they have done.4.Solutions in Multi-media Network Environment Writing Teaching

4.1 Problems Although the multi-media network teaching has all kinds of advantages, however it also inevitably exists some problems during the actual process of teaching.4.1.1 The poor ability of teachers’ educational technique Some teachers can not design good courseware very well, so they get to the Internet to download good ones of other teachers.However, different teachers have different ways of thinking for teaching, and students’ characteristics are also not in the same level, so this will neglect their own special features of teaching, at the same time, the teaching effect also can’t be very good.Some teachers also make courseware themselves, but the courseware’ quality is not good because their technique is bad or some other objective reasons, and there is no logic in the courseware.Teachers can not control multimedia expertly, so using the multimedia can not obtain good teaching effect, and it may also mislead the students.Firstly, while designing a courseware, teachers only pay attention to make it good-looking and interesting, not according to the demand of the teaching material and the characteristics of the students, neglecting the design of courseware’ contents, so it may lead to a result that students just join a crowd for fun, and they have interests in the class, but they can not get anything useful.Secondly, teachers may only make use of multimedia for teaching and hardly write anything on blackboards or they never carry on any other teaching activities in the class.However, multimedia always can display contents of the teaching materials in a very high speed, and the capacity of course is very big, so students can easily have a tired sense in vision, and they take a quick glance of knowledge and then forgot most of them.Thirdly, teachers’ information literacy is low, and they do not acquaint with the multi-media techniques.This is a serious blemish in teaching.If a teacher can not expertly operate a multimedia in class, then they may feel flurried when a sudden circumstance take places, so it will seriously influence class progress.Some teachers can not collect, handle and deliver teaching the information very well, and they can not organize contents of teaching and communicate with students in class with the network multimedia masterly.4.1.2 The low level of students’ information literacy The multi-media network teaching requests that the students should have high information literacy.But because of the individual and regional differences, some students can not make use of the network to search, handle and deliver information very well, and they even can not communicate freely with other classmates and teachers on the network.These all seriously influence the effect of carrying on a teaching by making use of multi-media network.4.1.3 The disorder and overflow network resources

The resources on the network are very abundant, if you want to get some resources, you can just put the key words on the internet, then there will be all kinds of resources presenting to you immediately, which will make you hard to make proper choice, and students have to take a great deal of time to choose the best quality ones in various resources, but this isn’t a very easy thing.Some information contents on the internet are harmful to students’ mental healthy, so this demands the students should have a very strong ability of identifying information and protecting themselves from harmful information.4.1.4 Using multimedia too much Because the multi-media network has advantages like image and vivid in teaching, some teachers display all their teaching content completely through multimedia, and they excessively depend on the multimedia, so it may lead to getting the opposite teaching effect in the end.What’ more, a great deal of rapid shifting teaching information makes students hard to completely absorb it, and it also easily arouse student’s tired sense in vision, mind and body.4.2 Solutions For well developing the advantages of multi-media network in teaching, we should seek all kinds of ways to solve the problems.4.2.1 Improving teachers’ ability of making use of multi-media network To raise teachers’ ability of making use of the multi-media network for teaching, we should do several things.Firstly, we should change the attitude that teachers towards multi-media network, thoroughly exterminate them the thought of making use of multi-media teaching just following and imitating others.Secondly, schools should set up some education technique training classes and encourage the teachers to take part in.In the class, they were given lecturers and tutorials to train their basic skills in multimedia application development, which can help teachers learn to make courseware, search network resources more availably, acquaint with the operation of multi-media network equipments, and control various platforms of the network freely, such as the environments of communication: E-MAIL, BBS, teachers and the students’ forum and so on.4.2.2 Paying attentions to the development of the information literacy of students School should put importance on setting up information technique lessons, so that students can have the ability of seeking information that they need, and they can organize sort, exploit and deliver information availably.Such as: training students to masterly use the various inspectional tools and handling tools of information;making them to expertly visit a website, search materials and check e-books and so on to obtain the method of getting information;letting students be good at using thinking of creation, inspiration and dissipation, through analysis of comparison and relation, looking for an information point to find and create new information.4.2.3 Raising the discrimination and inspection ability of information

The resources on the network is various and complicated, while searching information online, students should choose a suitable data index tool, such as Google, baidu, then import key words of the information, finally select the information that they need among the numerous information sea.Also it is a important thing to collect some relevant methods of searching information anywhere or anytime, only in this way can you cultivate the ability of searching information accurately, quickly.4.2.4 Combining the multi-media and traditional teachings together During the teaching, if teachers just use multimedia monotonously to present contents of lesson, it may not get a good effect.Because the courseware of teaching presents lessons in a very fast speed, and students can not consider the content clearly sometimes when content just passes by.So we should notice to combine multi-media and traditional teaching together.Teachers can not only present the teaching information of vivid image on the multimedia, but also they can make writings on the blackboard to present course outline, important and difficult points.5.Conclusion Multimedia network technology is becoming increasingly popular in education as a means to motivate students in their learning.It can provide them many ways to express their ideas and display their information.It also allows teachers to present their curriculum in an innovative manner.Students were able to study in a environment that was meaningful to them，and they also can develop skills such as teamwork，collaboration，cooperation，critical thinking skills, which would be important to them in their future career.The multi-media network teaching also can nicely adapt to all sides of the requests of the new curriculum standard in the senior high school.It not only help raise the students’ interest in English writing, develop students’ cooperative and communicating ability of study, also it can stir up their imaginative and creative ability, and make them collect, handle information independently.finally, it can raise the comprehensive ability of students in language.Although it may exist some problems in the applying process, as long as we make good strategies to deal with them, and try our best to overcome its blemish in the process of carrying on teaching, then the multi-media network will definitely make a more and more important function in the teaching of English writing and become the essential developing trend of English teaching.References Loudi.(2008).Multimedia and Network in Interactive Comprehensive English Teaching[J].China Science and Technology Information.Wanglin.The Effectiveness of Video Instruction in Different Modes ofLearning[J].Read and Write periodical.Cuiling.(2004).A perspective of students’ role in learning English in the multimedia

projectored classroom[J].Foreign Language World.丛春红.新课标下的高中英语写作教学策略[J].英语教育周刊电子版.汪明.(2008).大学英语教学模式的比较研究[J].海南广播电视大学学报.赵丽.网络环境下英语写作教学的优势[J].北京联合大学旅游学院英语旅游文化系.黄云霞.网络及多媒体在高中英语教学中的作用[J].江西新余市第六中学.周玉梅.(2009).浅谈新课标下如何培养学生的英语写作能力[J].延边教育学院学报.刘文艳.(2009).基于多媒体网络环境下的英语写作观点构建[J].兰州学刊.Acknowledgements Four years’ time of college will go by quickly.Reminding of these years, I have done many things, such as: reading, textual research, graduation thesis design and so on.It seems that all goes naturally.Graduation thesis is our last word that we say goodbye to the life of university, so we need to be serious, and get a perfect end.After months of hard work, with the enthusiastic help of guiding teacher and other students, I complete the report finally.Firstly, I want to say thanks to my essay supervisor *** who has guided me patiently to finish this paper, without her help, I couldn’t have completed this paper design;Secondly, I should give my thanks to the English majors, because they have help me do the questionnaires with responsibility.All in all, I will give thanks to everyone who has helped me.

第五篇：网络环境下的大学英语混合式教学模式研究

网络环境下的大学英语混合式教学模式研究

摘要：混合式教学把传统教学模式的优势和网络教学中的优势相结合，体现了“双主”的教学原则。本文阐述了混合式教学模式的含义，探讨了其对大学英语教学的启示和优势，希望能为当前大学英语教学提供一些借鉴。

关键词：混合式教学；网络教学；学习模式

一、引言

近二十年来，随着科学技术的日新月异，尤其是多媒体与网络技术的飞速发展，多媒体教室、校园网、网络课程等相继产生，全世界网络远程教育的市场规模也在迅速递增。中国的英语课程早在上世纪九十年代初就引入了各种多媒体辅助手段。但是，经过了一段时间的具体实践，人们逐渐发觉，网络学习如果脱离了教师的指导而完全依靠自学，也无法达到理想的效果，在英语教学中，教师的作用是无法替代的。于是，学者们开始思考如何将传统教学和网络教学结合，使其优势互补。在此基础上，“混合式教学”应运而生。

二、混合式教学的理论依据

混合式教学是教育领域的新名词，它由网络学习（E-learning）的概念发展而来，以指导发现学习理论（guided discovery learning theory）为基础。对于混合式教学，国内外学者围绕其理论基础、方式、目标和效果给出了一些定义。

Driscoll（2002）认为混合学习指的是四个不同的概念：1）结合或混合多种网络化技术（如实时虚拟教室、自定步调学习、协作学习、流式视频、音频和文本）实现教育目标。2）结合多种教学方法（如建构主义、行为主义、认知主义），利用或不利用教学技术产生最佳的学习成果。3）将任一种教学技术（如 video、电影等）与面对面的教师指导的培训相结合。4）将教学技术与实际工作任务相混合或结合，以使学习和工作协调一致。

何克抗（2004）教授指出：所谓混合式学习就是要把传统学习方式的优势和网络化学习的优势结合起来，也就是说，既要发挥教师引导、启发、监控教学的主导作用，也要充分体现学生作为学习过程主体的主动性、积极性和创造性。

王莹（2006）认为：在混合式教学理念的指导下，英语教学过程中兼顾了教师的教与学生的学，强调将教师的主导作用与学生的主体地位相结合。混合式教学借助计算机技术的支持，因材施教，可以实现多种教学方法广泛的结合，从而提高英语教学质量和效果。

结合混合式教学的理论依据，笔者认为，混合式教学可以是多种形式的混合，如：学习方式的混合、学习资源的混合、学习环境的混合、学习理论的混合等，只要是教学系统要素中的任一要素是混合的，都可以称之为混合式教学。我们研究的重点应在于如何混合这些要素，使其实现最优化，有效地提高学习效果。本文从混合式教学的概念出发，探讨混合式教学模式对大学英语教学的启示和意义。

三、混合式教学模式对大学英语教学的启示

1.教学方法的混合

20世纪初以来，外语教师一直在寻找最佳的语言教学方法来帮助学习者尽快地掌握目的语。在各种语言学流派的影响下，听说法、情景教学法、自然教学法、交际教学法相继出现，这些教学法开阔了语言教学的视野，推动了外语教学的发展。但从外语教学实践来看，它们并未从根本上解决有效地掌握目的语的问题。过多地依赖或推崇某一种教学法的做法往往会在具体的教学实践上产生某种偏差，甚至造成一定的负面作用，这不利于外语教学的进一步发展与提高（罗立胜等，2001）。混合式教学模式可以将多种教学方式混合使用，发挥其各自的优势，达到较好的教学效果。

2.教师主导和学生主体的混合

“以教师为中心”的外语教学模式有利于教师主导作用的发挥，便于教师组织和监控整个教学活动进程，便于师生之间的情感交流。但是，忽视了学生的主动性。“以学生为中心”的教学模式，是随着多媒体和网络技术的日益普及逐渐发展起来的。多媒体和网络技术能提供图文声像并茂的多种感官综合刺激，因而对学生认知结构的形成与发展是非常有利的。但是，这种教学模式由于强调学生的“学”，往往忽视教师主导作用的发挥，导致教学陷入混乱无序的状态。在混合式教学模式中，可以采取主导与主体相结合的方式，教师不仅要在课堂上教授知识，还要在课外引导、监督学生进行自主学习。同时，学生也不再“被接受”知识，而是信息加工与情感体验的主体，是知识意义的主动构建者。

3.自主学习与合作学习的混合

混合教学模式中的自主学习是指传统教学中的听、说、读、写等自主学习和学生利用网络进行的讨论、信息检索和处理、资料共享、成果展示的自主学习（李蕊丽等，2006）。合作学习是指以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体的成绩为评价标准，通过相互讨论、帮助等方式共同达成教学目标的教学活动。在混合式教学模式中，学生首先可以利用资源进行自主学习，然后可以形成小组进行合作学习。同时，混合式教学模式可以提供大量共享资源，并制定合作规则，实现合作学习效果的最大化。

4.形成性评价和终结性评价的混合

在传统教学中，我们对英语的考核方式往往是期末考试的形式，一张考卷就决定了学生的成绩。而混合式教学中，我们将形成性评价和终结性评价相结合。形成性评价主要是对学生学习过程的评价，包括课前预习、课堂考勤、课堂表现、在线讨论、课后作业、在线自主学习等六个方面，占评价的50%。通过网络平台来监控学生的整个学习过程，从而获得对学习过程的评价。终结性评价包括口试和笔试两部分，将口试和笔试的内容与网络学习内容相结合，拓宽学生考试内容的范围。

四、网络环境下混合式教学的优势

首先，混合式教学将传统学习与网络学习相互结合，使其各自发挥优势。在课堂教学中，教师发挥主导作用，监控了整个教学活动的进行，传授了知识，达到了教学目标。网络学习则凭借丰富的数字化教学资源和交互工具、认知工具的有力支持，有利于培养学生的探究精神和创新精神。在混合式教学模式中，课堂教学与网络学习相互完善，大大提高了学生的积极性和主动性，充分发挥了学生的主体地位，不仅有利于学生的创新能力，也有利于对学生健康情感和价值观的培养。