英国文学选读上名词解释(中英文版)

第一篇：英国文学选读上名词解释(中英文版)

Byronic hero

A proud, mysterious, rebellious, gloomy figure of noble origin, with fiery passions and unbending will, expresses Byron’s own ideal of freedom.He rises against tyranny and injustice, but he’s merely a lone fighter striving for personal freedom.Sonnet

A sonnet is a 14-line lyric poem with a single theme.Sonnets vary but are usually written in iambic pentameter, following one of two traditional patterns: the Petrarchan or Italian sonnet and the Shakespearean or English sonnet.A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.Ode

A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.Odes are often written for a special occasion,to honor a person o a season or to commemorate an event.Lake Poets

The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century.As a group, they followed no single “school” of thought or literary practice then known, althoughtheir works were uniformly disparaged by the Edinburgh Review.They are considered part of the Romantic Movement

Metaphysical poetsis a term coined by the poet and criticto describe a loose group ofof the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of , and by speculation about topics such as love or religion.John Donne is the most important representative.拜伦式英雄是指拜伦诗中的贵族出身的骄傲，神秘，反叛的角色。

因为有着无穷的激情和力量，拜伦式英雄总是担负起消灭一个腐败社会里所有错误的重担，而且总是以不可征服的意志和无穷无尽的精力，单枪匹马地挑战任何暴政，不管是社会传统规则，是政府或者是宗教。拜伦式英雄通常被社会孤立，像是一个放逐者，而且情绪化，对某一件事很有激情。

拜伦的主要贡献之一就是创造了拜伦诗英雄。Heathcliff in Wuthering House，Rochester in Jane Eyre,玄学派诗歌一般用来称呼那些在John Donne影响下写作的作家的作品。

玄学派诗人一种背叛精神去试着打破传统的伊丽莎白爱情诗的束缚。

玄学诗歌多使用巧智（wit and conceit），结构精巧（ingenious structure），韵律多变（irregular meter），语言口语化（colloquial language），意象奇特（elaborate imagery），并把不同的事物并置（a drawing together of dissimilar idea）。它们的意象多来源于现实生活。

颂歌是一种复杂且通常篇幅较长的抒情诗。形式高贵，以崇高（lofty）或严肃的事物为主题。颂歌通常为某个特殊的场合而作，为了赞美某个人或物（to honor a person，a thing or a season），或某个季节或纪念某个事件（commemorate an event）。

Sonnet是一种欧洲传统的非常有影响力的诗歌形式。从形式上来说它有14行诗构成，通常是五步抑扬格，有着严格的特定的押韵方式。莎士比亚的十四行诗非常出名。

早期浪漫主义诗人Wordsworth，Coleridge和Southey，也被称为湖畔派诗人。他们都住在英国西北部的湖区，并且在文学和社会见解上有着一致性。湖畔派诗人主要回忆快乐的旧英格兰时代，把自然看做是精神上的避难所，因为他们惧怕即将到来的工业化和城市化。

第二篇：希拉里败选演讲稿(中英文)

希拉里：为理想奋斗绝对值得

Thank you so very much for being here.I love you all, too.Last night I congratulated Donald Trump and offered to work with him on behalf of our country.I hope that he will be a successful president for all Americans.This is not the outcome we wanted or we worked so hard for, and I'm sorry we did not win this election for the values we share and the vision we hold for our country.But I feel pride and gratitude for this wonderful campaign that we built together.This vast, diverse, creative, unruly, energized campaign.You represent the best of America, and being your candidate has been one of the greatest honors of my life.I know how disappointed you feel, because I feel it too.And so do tens of millions of Americans who invested their hopes and dreams in this effort.This is painful, and it will be for a long time.But I want you to remember this.Our campaign was never about one person, or even one election.It was about the country we love and building an America that is hopeful, inclusive, and big-hearted.We have seen that our nation is more deeply divided than we thought.But I still believe in America, and I always will.And if you do, then we must accept this result and then look to the future.Donald Trump is going to be our president.We owe him an open mind and the chance to lead.Our constitutional democracy enshrines the peaceful transfer of power.We don't just respect that.We cherish it.It also enshrines the rule of law;the principle we are all equal in rights and dignity;freedom of worship and expression.We respect and cherish these values, too, and we must defend them.Let me add: Our constitutional democracy demands our participation, not just every four years, but all the time.So let's do all we can to keep advancing the causes and values we all hold dear.Making our economy work for everyone, not just those at the top, protecting our country and protecting our planet.And breaking down all the barriers that hold any American back from achieving their dreams.We spent a year and a half bringing together millions of people from every corner of our country to say with one voice that we believe that the American dream is big enough for everyone.For people of all races, and religions, for men and women, for immigrants, for LGBT people, and people with disabilities.For everyone.I am so grateful to stand with all of you.I want to thank Tim Kaine and Anne Holton for being our partners on this journey.It has been a joy get to go know them better and gives me great hope and comfort to know that Tim will remain on the front lines of our democracy representing Virginia in the Senate.To Barack and Michelle Obama, our country owes you an enormous debt of gratitude.We thank you for your graceful, determined leadership that has meant so much to so many Americans and people across the world.And to Bill and Chelsea, Mark, Charlotte, Aidan, our brothers and our entire family, my love for you means more than I can ever express.You crisscrossed this country, even 4-month-old Aidan, who traveled with his mom.I will always be grateful to the talented, dedicated men and women at our headquarters in Brooklyn and across our country.You poured your hearts into this campaign.To some of you who are veterans, it was a campaign after you had done other campaigns.Some of you, it was your first campaign.I want each of you to know that you were the best campaign anybody could have ever expected or wanted.And to the millions of volunteers, community leaders, activists and union organizers who knocked on doors, talked to their neighbors, posted on Facebook — even in secret private Facebook sites.I want everybody coming out from behind that and make sure your voices are heard going forward.To anyone that sent contributions, even as small as $5, that kept us going, thank you.To all of us, and to the young people in particular, I hope you will hear this — I have, as Tim said, I have spent my entire life fighting for what I believe in.I've had successes and setbacks and sometimes painful ones.Many of you are at the beginning of your professional, public, and political careers — you will have successes and setbacks too.This loss hurts, but please never stop believing that fighting for what's right is worth it.It is, it is worth it.And so we need — we need you to keep up these fights now and for the rest of your lives.And to all the women, and especially the young women, who put their faith in this campaign and in me: I want you to know that nothing has made me prouder than to be your champion.Now, I know we have still not shattered that highest and hardest glass ceiling, but someday someone will — and hopefully sooner than we might think right now.And to all of the little girls who are watching this, never doubt that you are valuable and powerful and deserving of every chance and opportunity in the world to pursue and achieve your own dreams.Finally, finally, I am so grateful for our country and for all it has given to me.I count my blessings every single day that I am an American, and I still believe, as deeply as I ever have, that if we stand together and work together with respect for our differences, strengthen our convictions, and love for this nation, our best days are still ahead of us.Because, you know, I believe we are stronger together and we will go forward together.And you should never, ever regret fighting for that.You know, scripture tells us, let us not grow weary of doing good, for in good season we shall reap.My friends, let us have faith in each other, let us not grow weary and lose heart, for there are more seasons to come and there is more work to do.I am incredibly honored and grateful to have had this chance to represent all of you in this consequential election.May God bless you and may God bless the United States of America.谢谢大家来到这里。我也爱你们。昨天晚上，我向唐纳德·特朗普表示了祝贺，并表示愿意同他一起为我们的国家而奋斗。我希望他能成为一名所有美国人心目中的成功总统。这份结果并非我们当初所愿或者拼搏至今的目标。我也很遗憾，我们没有凭借共有的价值观以及对这个国家未来的愿景而赢得这场选举。对于我们亲手缔造的这场伟大竞选，我感到骄傲和感激。这场多元的、富有创造力的、活力四射的竞选活动。你们代表了美国最好的那个部分，能够做你们的候选人，是我一生中最大的荣耀之一。我知道你们有多沮丧，因为我也一样。数千万将他们的希望和梦想投入这一努力的美国人也一样。这很痛苦，而且这种痛苦会持续很久。但是我希望你们能记住：我们的竞选并非只关乎一个人，甚至也不只关乎一次选举。竞选是为了我们热爱的国家，为了缔造一个充满希望的、包容的和宽怀的美利坚。我们现在已经知道，这个国家远比我们想象的要更加分裂。但我仍然对美国充满信心，并将一直如此。如果你也同我一样，那我们就必须接受结果，面向未来。唐纳德·特朗普将要成为我们的总统，我们应当用开放的心胸去接纳他，给予他领导美国的机会。和平的权力交接正是我们的宪政民主一直标榜的。我们不仅要尊重结果，我们要珍惜这个结果。它同样标榜了法治；标榜了权利和尊严平等的原则；信仰和表达的自由。我们尊重、珍惜这些价值，我们必须捍卫它们。补充一句：在我们的宪政民主体制下，我们的参与不应只是四年一次的大选，而必须贯彻始终。所以，让我们继续尽己所能，推进我们所珍视的事业与价值：驱动我们的经济，为所有人服务，而不止是那些处在高位的人。保护我们的国家，保护我们的星球。我们要打碎所有阻碍实现美国梦的藩篱。整整一年半的时间，我们将这个国家四面八方、数以百万计的人们团结在一起，发出同一个声音，因为我们相信，美国梦足够宏大，能够为所有人共享。无论的种族、宗教、性别，无论你是移民、LGBT人士还是残疾人士，你都可以拥有这份美国梦。能够和你们所有人站在一起，我内心无比感激。我想感谢我的搭档蒂姆·凯恩和安妮·霍尔顿这一路的陪伴。我享受和他们不断熟悉的过程，而蒂姆将担任弗吉尼亚州国会参议员、奋斗在民主一线的消息也给了我很多希望与慰藉。对于奥巴马夫妇，整个国家欠你们一声由衷的感谢。感谢你们的优雅风度、意志坚定的领导力，这对美国人民和世界各国人民都意义非凡。比尔、切尔西、马克、夏洛特、艾丹，我的兄弟们、家族的亲人们，我对你们的爱已经难以用言语表达。你们同我一起到过无数的地方竞选，甚至才4个月大的艾丹都要跟着妈妈奔波。我也对布鲁克林总部和全美其他竞选中心里那些智慧、忠诚的工作人员与志愿者们非常感激。你们在竞选中倾入心血。有的人有着丰富竞选经验，在多次参与竞选后加入了团队，有的人是第一次参与竞选活动。我想让你们知道，你们是任何一个参选人能够期待的最棒的竞选人员。成千上万的志愿者、社区领袖、活动认识、工会组织者们，你们努力敲门发动选民、与邻居们交谈、通过FB页面发消息——有时甚至是在一些私密页面中发声。我希望你们能够从幕后走到台前来，发出你们的声音，确保你们的声音能够继续传播下去。对于所有支持我们前行的捐款者，即便是5美元的金额，谢谢你们。所有人，尤其是年轻人，我希望你们能听到这一点：我的确，就像蒂姆说的那样，倾尽一生，为我的信仰而奋斗。我有过成功也有挫折，有的时候，是很痛苦的挫折。你们当中的很多人，都处于职业的开端，无论是公共领域还是政治领域，你们也会遇到成功和挫折。这次的失败让人受伤，但是请**止相信：为正确的信念而奋斗，是值得的。的确，是值得的。所以我们需要，我们需要你们继续这些奋斗，奋斗于当下，奋斗终生。同时，对所有将信念加诸这场竞选以及我身上的女性，特别是年轻女性们，我希望你们知道，没有什么比成为你们的捍卫者更让我感到骄傲的了。我们还没有打破这层最高的和最坚硬的天花板玻璃，但是，有一天，有一个人会的。希望这一天要比我们现在觉得的，来得更早。我想对所有在观看我演讲的小女孩们说，永远不要怀疑自己的价值和能力，你应该去抓住世界上每一次机会，去追求与实现自己的梦想。最后，最后，我非常感谢我们的国家，以及它给予我的一切。

我每一天都感恩自己是一个美国人，而且我仍然和从前一样深信着，如果我们站在一起、共同奋斗，并尊重我们之间的分歧，不断强化我们对这个国家的信念和爱，最美好的日子仍会在未来等着我们。因为，我相信我们在一起将变得更强大，而且我们必将一同前进。你永远、永远不应该对为此奋斗过而感到后悔。圣经告诉我们：“不厌倦因为好的原因做好事，这样我们就会有收获。”

我的朋友们，让我们对彼此有信心，不要疲惫和灰心，因为还会有更多好的原因出现，更多的工作要做。我非常荣幸和感激，能有机会在这次影响深远的选举中代表你们所有人。希望上帝保佑你们，希望上帝保佑美利坚合众国。

艾玛联合国演讲

Today we are launching a campaign HeForShe.I am reaching out to you because we need your help.We must try to mobilize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for change.We don’t just want to talk about it.We want to try and make sure it’s tangible.I was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women 6 months ago.The more I spoke about feminism, the more I realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man-hating.If there is one thing I know for certain is that this has to stop.For the record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities.It is the theory of political, economic and social equality of the sexes.When I was 8, I was called bossy because I wanted to direct a play we would put on for our parents.When at 14, I started to be sexualized by certain elements of the media.At 15, my girlfriends started dropping out of sports teams because they didn’t want to appear masculine.At 18, my male friends were unable to express their feelings.I decided that I was a feminist.This seemed uncomplicated to me.But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word.Women are choosing not to identify as feminists.Apparently, [women’s expression is] seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and anti-men, unattractive even.Why has the word become such an uncomfortable one? I think it is right I am paid the same as my male counterparts.I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body.I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will affect my life.I think it is right that socially, I am afforded the same respect as men But sadly, I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to see these rights.No country in the world can yet say that they achieved gender equality.These rights are considered to be human rights but I am one of the lucky ones.My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter.My school did not limit me because I was a girl.My mentors didn*t assume that I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day.These influences are the gender equality ambassadors that made me who I am today.They may not know it but they are the inadvertent feminists needed in the world today.We need more of those.If you still hate the word, it is not the word that is important.It is the idea and the ambition behind it because not all women have received the same rights I have.In fact, statistically, very few have.In 1997, Hillary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights.Sadly, many of the things that she wanted to change are still true today.What struck me the most was that less than 30% of the audience were male.How can we effect change in the world when only half of it is invited or being welcomed to participate in the conversation?

Men, I would like to give this opportunity to extend your formal invitation.Gender equality is your issue, too.Because to date, I’ve seen my father’s role as a parent being valued less by society.I’ve seen young men suffering from mental illness, unable to ask for help for fear it would make them less of a man.In fact, in the UK, suicide is the biggest killer of men between 20 to 49, eclipsing road accidents, cancer and heart disease.I’ve seen men fragile and insecure by what constitutes male success.Men don’t have the benefits of equality, either We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned by gender stereotypes but I can see that they are.When they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence.If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted, women won’t feel compelled to be submissive.If men don’t have to control, women won’t have to be controlled.Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive.Both men and women should feel free to be strong.It is time that we all see gender as a spectrum instead of two sets of opposing ideals.We should stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by who we are.We can all be freer and this is what HeForShe is about.It’s about freedom.I want men to take up this mantle so that their daughters, sisters and mothers can be free from prejudice but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too, reclaim parts of themselves they abandoned and in doing so, be a more true and complete version of themselves.You might think: who is this Harry Potter girl? What is she doing at the UN? I’ve been asking myself the same thing.All I know is that I care about this problem and I want to make it better.And having seen what I’ve seen and given the chance, I feel it is my responsibility to say something.Statesman Edmund Burke said all that is need for the forces of evil to triumph is for good men and women to do nothing.In my nervousness for this speech and in my moments of doubt, I told myself firmly: if not me, who? If not now, when? If you cast doubts when opportunity is presented to you, I hope those words will be helpful.Because the reality is if we do nothing, it will take 75 years or maybe 100 before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work.15.5 million girls will be married in the next 16 years as children.And at current rates, it won*t be until 2086 before all rural African girls can have a secondary education If you believe in equality, you might be one of the inadvertent feminists I spoke of earlier and for this I appraud you.We must strive for a united world but the good news is we have a platform.It is called HeForShe.I invite you to step forward, to be seen and I ask yourself: if not me, who? If not now, when? Thank you.今天，我们要开展一次叫做HeForShe运动的活动。在得到你们的帮助和支持之前，我想先说说我的想法。我们想要结束性别歧视，为了实现这个目标，我们需要每个人的努力。这是在联合国首次进行的类似的活动。我们想要努力鼓励男性们去改变性别歧视，不是停留在说说而已。我们想让它产生实际效果。6个月前，我被任命为任联合国妇女署亲善大使。我对女权主义说的越多，越发现为妇女权利的斗争往往成为仇恨男人的代名词。这是必须应该停止的。女权主义，顾名思义，就是男性和女性应该享有同样的权利和机会。它是有关于政治、经济和社会等方面性别平等的理论。我从很久之前就开始质疑基于性别歧视的假设。我8岁的时候，因为想要自己导演一次为父母表演的节目，结果被说是霸道，但是男生却不会被这么说，我对此感到很困惑。14岁的时候，我开始被媒体的特定元素性别化；15岁时，我的女性朋友们放弃了她们喜爱的球队，只因为她们不想看起来肌肉发达；18岁的时候，我决定成为一个女性主义者时，我的男性朋友们拒绝表达他们的感受。这对我而言，非常简单。但通过我最近的研究发现，女性主义却是一个非常不被接受的词语。很多女性也不愿意被定义为女权主义者。显然，我跻身于强烈表达自身想法的女性之间了，被认为‘太嚣张了’，被认为是孤立的，仇视男性，甚至没有吸引力。为什么这个词已变得那么令人不爽？我来自英国，我认为和男同事得到平等对待是正确的；我认为能够为自己的身体做决定是正确的；我认为（被掌声打断）……我认为女性能够代表我的利益、参与制定能影响到我的决策和决定是正确的。但遗憾的是，我可以说，世界上没有一个国家的所有女性都可以指望得到这些权利。世界上也没有一个国家能说，他们已经实现了性别平等。这些权利，我认为是人权。

但我是一个幸运的人，我的生命纯粹是一种特权，因为我的父母没有因为我是女孩儿而不爱我，我的学校没有因为我是一个女孩儿而限制我，我的导师没有因为我有一天可能会生孩子而认为我没有多大发展。他们是性别平等的大使，让我成为了今天的我。他们也许不知道，但他们无意间成为了改变着现今世界的女权主义者。我们需要更多的人参与其中，如果你还恨这个词，你要意识到这个词本身并不重要。它背后的思想更为重要。因为不是所有的女性都能享受到和我同样的权利。事实上，据统计，很少女性享有这样的权利。

1997年，希拉里·克林顿在北京做了一场关于妇女权利的著名演讲。不幸的是，她想改变的许多事情在今天仍然存在着。站在我面前的听众中，男性还不到30%。如果只有那么少的男性愿意参与到我们的交流中，我们还谈何去改变世界？男性朋友们，我想借此机会向你们发出正式邀请。

性别平等也是你们应该关心的议题。因为到目前为止，尽管对孩子来说，父亲的存在非常重要，但社会上对父亲角色的重要性认识程度仍远低于母亲的角色。我看到年轻的男性承受着重大的精神压力，但不能向他人寻求帮助，因为害怕被说成是不像个男人。事实上，在英国，自杀是20岁-49岁男性最大的死因，超过了道路交通事故、癌症和冠状动脉心脏病。我见过有些男性因为扭曲的成功观而脆弱，产生不安全感。男性们也没有享受到平等的权利。我不想说男性们被性别刻板印象所禁锢，但是我可以看到事实上确实如此。当他们自由的时候，自然而然，女性也会得到改变。如果男性不必非要有野心，女性自然也不必非得被迫顺从。如果男性不必去控制，女性也不必被控制。这时我们就能看到两性和谐相处而不是互相对立了。我们应该停止为彼此定义。我们是谁？我们可以更自由，这就是HeForShe运动的意义所在。这是关于自由的运动。我希望男性们可以参与其中，这样他们的女儿、母亲、姐妹可以摆脱偏见，他们的儿子可以被允许脆弱、平凡，成为更真实、更完整的自己。

你可能会想：这个演《哈利·波特》的女孩儿是谁？她在联合国是做什么的？这是一个很好的问题，我也一直在问自己同样的问题。我所知道的就是我关心这个问题，我想把它解答得更好。就我所发现的，如果我有机会，我认为我有责任要说些什么。政治家埃德蒙·伯克曾说，好人袖手旁观，邪恶就胜利。

在为这个演讲紧张而自我怀疑时，我告诉自己必须要坚持：如果我不说，那么谁来说？如果此时不说？那么何时说？如果你也有类似的疑虑，我希望这些话能够帮助到你。因为现实确实如此，如果我们什么都不做，可能再过75年，甚至接近100年，女性们都还不能和男性们同工同酬。按照目前的数字计算，在未来16年内，将有1550万女性会结婚。而直到2086年前，所有的非洲农村女孩都不能享受中等教育。

如果你坚信性别平等，那么你已经在不经意间成为了女权主义者，我为你喝彩！我们正在为团结一致而努力，好消息就是，我们现在有了一个团结一致的活动，那就是HeForShe运动。我邀请你们向前看，问问自己：如果我不做，那么谁来做？如果此时不做？那么等到何时？非常，非常感谢。”

第三篇：曼昆宏观经济学名词解释 (中英文)

宏观经济学

第十五章

MEASUREING A NATION’S INCOME一国收入的衡量

Microeconomics the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets.微观经济学：研究家庭和企业如何做出决策，以及他们如何在市场上相互交易。

Macroeconomics the study of economy-wide phenomena,including inflation,unemployment,and economic growth 宏观经济学：研究整体经济现象，包括通货膨胀、失业和经济增长。

GDP is the market value of final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.国内生产总值GDP：给定时期的一个经济体内生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值

Consumption is spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchased of new housing.消费：除了购买新住房，家庭用于物品与劳务的支出。

Investment is spending on capital equipment inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housing.投资：用于资本设备、存货和建筑物的支出，包括家庭用于购买新住房的支出。

Government purchases are spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal government.政府支出：地方、州和联邦政府用于物品和与劳务的支出。

Net export is spending on domestically produced goods by foreigners(exports)minus spending on foreign goods by domestic residents(imports)净出口：外国人对国内生产的物品的支出（出口）减国内居民对外国物品的支出（进口）。

Nominal GDP is the production of goods and services valued at current prices.名义GDP：按现期价格评价的物品与劳务的生产。

Real GDP is the production of goods and services valued at constant prices.实际GDP：按不变价格评价的物品和服务的生产。

GDP deflator is a measure of the price level calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP times 100.GDP平减指数：用名义GDP与实际GDP的比率计算的物价水平衡量指标。第十六章 MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING生活费用的衡量

CPI is measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer.消费物价指数CPI：一个典型消费者所购买的一篮子产品与服务的价格相对于某个基年同样一篮子产品与服务的价格。

Inflation rate is the percentage change in the price index from the preceding period.通货膨胀率：前一个时期以来物价指数变动的百分比。

Producer price index(PPI)is a measure of the cost of a basket of goods and services bought by firms.生产物价指数：企业购买的一篮子物品与劳务的费用的衡量指标。

Indexation：the automatic correction of a dollar amount for the effects of inflation by law or contract.根据法律或合约对通货膨胀的影响进行货币数量的自动调整。

Nominal interest rate is the interest rate as usually reported without a correction of the effects of inflation.名义利率：通常公布的，未根据通货膨胀的影响校正的利率。

Real interest rate is the interest rate corrected for the effects of inflation.真实利率：根据通货膨胀校正过的利率。

第十七章 PRODUCTION AND GROWTH生产与增长

Productivity is the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time.生产率：每单位劳动投入所生产的物品和劳务的数量。

Physical capital is the stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and services.物资资本：用于生产物品与劳务的设备和建筑物存量。

Human capital is the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience.人力资本：工人通过教育、培训和经验而获得的知识与技能。

Natural resources are the inputs into the production of goods and services that are provided by nature.自然资源：由自然界提供的用于生产物品与劳务的投入，如土地、河流与矿藏。Technological knowledge is society’s understanding of the bes ways to produce goods and services.技术知识：社会对生产物品与劳务的最好方法的了解。

Diminishing returns are the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.收益递减：随着投入量的增加，每一单位额外投入得到的收益减少的特性。

Catch-up effect is the property whereby continues that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.追赶效应：开始时贫穷的国家倾向于比开始时富裕的国家增长更快。

第十八章 SAVING,INVESTMENT,AND THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM储蓄、投资和金融体系

Financial system is the group of institutions in the economy that help to match one person’s saving with another person’s investment.金融体系：经济中促使一个人的储蓄与另一个人的投资相匹配的一组机构。

Financial markets are financial institutions through which savers can directly provide funds to borrowers.金融市场：储蓄者可以通过它直接向借款者提供资金的金融机构。

Bond is a certificate of indebtedness 债券：一种债务证明书。

Stock is a claim to partial ownership in a firm 股票：企业部分所有权的索取权。

Financial intermediaries are financial institutions through which savers can indirectly provide funds to borrowers.金融中介机构：储蓄者可以通过它间接地向借款者提供资金的金融机构。

Mutual fund is an institution that sells shares to the public and uses the proceeds to buy a portion of stocks and bonds.共同基金：向公众出售股份，并用收入来购买股票于债券资产组合的机构。

National saving(saving)is the total income in the economy that remains after paying for consumption and government purchase.国民储蓄（储蓄）：在用于消费和政府购买后剩下的一个经济中的收入。Private saving is the income that households have left after paying for taxes and consumption.私人储蓄：家庭在支付了税收和消费之后剩下来的收入。

Public saving is the tax revenue that the government has left after paying for its spending.公共储蓄：政府在支付其支出后剩下的税收收入。

Budget surplus is an excess of tax revenue over government spending.预算盈余：税收收入大于政府支出的余额。

Budget deficit is a shortfall of tax revenue from government spending 预算赤字：政府支出引起的税收收入短缺。

Market for loanable funds are the market in which those who want to save supply funds those who want to borrow to invest demand funds.可贷资金市场：想储蓄的人借以提供资金、想借钱投资的人借以借贷资金的市场。

Crowding out is a decrease in investment that results from government borrowing.挤出：政府借款所引起的投资减少。

第十九章 THE BASIC TOOLS OF FINANCE基本金融工具

Finance: the field that studies how people make decisions regarding the allocation of resources over time and the handling of risk.金融学：研究人们如何在某一时期内做出关于配置资源和应对风险的学科。

Present value: the amount of money today that would be needed to produce,using prevailing interest rates, a given future amount of money.现值：用现行利率生产一定量未来货币所需要的现在货币量。

Future value: the amount of money in the future that an amount of money today will yield, given prevailing interest rates.未来值：在现行利率既定时，现在的货币量将带来的未来货币量。

Compounding: the accumulation of a sum of money in,say,a bank account,where the interest earned remains in the account to earn additional interest in the future.复利：货币量的累积，比如说银行账户上货币量的累积，即赚得的利息仍留在账户上以赚取未来更多的利息。

Risk averse: exhibiting a dislike of uncertainty.风险厌恶：不喜欢不确定性。Diversification:the reduction of risk achieved by replacing a single risk with a large number of smaller unrelated risks.多元化：通过用大量不相关的小风险代替一种风险来降低风险。

Idiosyncratic risk: risk that affects only a single economic actor.企业特有风险：只影响一个公司的风险。

Aggregate risk: risk that affects all economic actors at once.市场风险：影响股市上所有公司的风险。

Fundamental analysis: the study of a company’s accounting statements and future prospects to determine its value.基本面分析：为决定一家公司的价值而对其会计报表和未来前景进行的研究。

Efficient markets hypothesis: the theory that asset prices reflect all publicly available information about the value of an asset.有效市场假说：认为资产价格反映了关于一种资产价值的所有公开的、可获得的信息的理论。

Informationally efficient: reflecting all available information in a rational way.信息有效：以理性方式反映所有可获得的信息的有关资产价格的描述。

Random walk: the path of a variable whose changes are impossible to predict.随机行走：一种变量变动的路径是不可预期的。

第二十章 UNEMPLOYMENT AND ITS NATURAL RATE 失业和自然失业率

Labor force is the total number of workers, including both the employed and the unemployed.劳动力：既包括就业者又包括失业者的工人总数。

Unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.失业率：劳动力中失业者所占的百分比。

Labor-force participation rate is the percentage of the adult population that is in the labor force.劳动力参工率：劳动力占成年人口的百分比。

Natural rate of unemployment is the normal rate of unemployment around which the unemployment rate fluctuates.自然失业率：失业率围绕它而波动的正常失业率。

Cyclical unemployment is the deviation of unemployment from its natural rate.周期性失业：失业率对自然失业率的背离。Discouraged workers are individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for a job 丧失信心的工人：想工作但已放弃寻找工作的人。

Frictional unemployment is the unemployment that results because it takes time for workers to search for the jobs that best suit their tastes and skills.摩擦性失业：由于工人寻找最适合自己嗜好和技能的工作需要时间而引起的失业。

Structural unemployment is the unemployment that results because the number of jobs available in some labor markets is insufficient to provide a job for everyone who wants one.结构性失业：由于某些劳动市场上可提供的工作岗位数量不足以为每个想工作的人提供工作而引起的失业。

Job search is the process by which workers find the appropriate jobs given their tastes and skills 寻找工作：在工人的嗜好与技能既定时工人寻找适当工作的过程。

Unemployment insurance is a government program that partially protects workers’ incomes when they became unemployed.失业保险：当工人失业时为他们提供部分收入保障的政府计划。

Union is a worker association that bargains with employers over wages and working conditions 工会：与雇主就工资、津贴和工作条件进行谈判的工人协会。

Collective bargaining is the process by which unions and firms agree on the terms of employment.集体谈判：工会和企业就就业条件达成一致的过程.Strike is the organized withdrawal of labor from a firm by a union 罢工：工会组织工人从企业撤出劳动。

Efficiency wages are above-equilibrium wages paid by firms in order to increase worker productivity 效率工资：企业为提高工人生产率而支付的高于均衡水平的工资。

第二十一章

THE MONETARY SYSTEM 货币制度

Money is the set of assets in an economy that people regularly use to buy goods and services from other people.货币：经济中人们经常用于向其他人购买物品与劳务的一组资产。

Medium of exchange is an item that buyers give to sellers when they want to purchase goods and services.交换媒介：买者在购买物品与劳务时给予卖者的东西。

Unit of account is the yardstick people use to post prices and record debts.计价单位：人们用来表示价格和记录债务的标准。

Store of value is an item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future.价值储藏手段：人们可以用来把现在的购买力转变为未来的购买力的东西。

Liquidity is the ease with which an asset can be converted into the economy’s medium of exchange.流动性：一种资产兑换为经济中交换媒介的容易程度。

Commodity money is money that takes the form of a commodity with intrinsic value.商品货币：以有内在价值的商品为形式的货币。

Fiat money is money without intrinsic value fiat is used as money because of government decree.法定货币：没有内在价值、由政府法令确定作为通货使用的货币。

Currency is the paper bills and coins in the hands of public.通货：公众手中持有的纸币钞票和铸币。

Demand deposits are balances in bank accounts that depositions can access on demand by writing a check.活期存款：储户可以通过开支票而随时支取的银行账户余额。

Federal reserve(Fed）：the central bank of the United States.联邦储备：美国的中央银行。

Central bank: an institution designed to oversee the banking system and regulate the quantity of money in the economic.中央银行：为了监管银行体系和调节经济中的货币量而设计的机构。

Money supply is the quantity of money available in the economy.货币供给：经济中可以得到的货币量。

Monetary policy is the setting of the money supply by policymakers in the central bank 货币政策：中央银行的决策者对货币供给的安排。

Reserves are deposits that banks have received but have not loaned out.准备金：银行得到但没有贷出去的存款。

Fractional-reserve banking is a banking in which banks hold only a fraction of deposits as reserves 部分准备金银行：只把部分存款作为准备金的银行制度。

Reserve ratio is the fraction of deposits that banks hold as reserves.准备率：银行作为准备金持有的存款比例。

Money multiplier is the amount of money the banking system generates with each dollar of reserve 货币乘数：银行体系用1美元准备金所产生的货币量。

Open-market operation is the purchase and sale of U.S.government bonds by the Fed.公开市场活动：美联储买卖美国政府债券。

Reserve requirements are regulations on the minimum amount of reserves that banks must hold against deposits 法定准备金：关于银行必须根据其存款持有的最低准备金量的规定。

Discount rate is the interest rate on the loans that the Fed to banks.贴现率：美联储向银行发放贷款的利率。

第二十二章 MONEY GROWTH AND INFLATION 货币增长与通货膨胀

Quantity theory of money:a theory asserting that the quantity of money available determines the price level and that the growth rate in the quantity of money available determines the inflation rate 货币数量论：一种认为可得到的货币量觉决定物价水平，可得到的货币量的增长率决定通货膨胀率的理论。

Nominal variables are variables measured in monetary units.名义变量：按货币单位衡量的变量。

Real variables are variables measured in physical units.真实变量：按实物单位衡量的变量。

Classical dichotomy is the theoretical separation of nominal and variables.古典二分法：名义变量和真实变量的理论区分。

Monetary neutrality is the proposition that changes in the money supply do not affect real variables.货币中性：认为货币供给变动并不影响真实变量的观点。

Velocity of money is the rate at which money changes hands.货币流通速度：货币易手的速度。Quantity equation is the equation M*V=P*Y which relates the quantity of money, the velocity of money, and the dollar value of the economy’s output of goods and services.数量方程式：方程式M*V=P*Y,这个公式把货币量、货币流通速度和经济中物品与劳务产出的美元价值联系在一起。

Inflation tax is the revenue the government raises by creating money.通货膨胀税：政府通过创造货币而筹集的收入。

Fisher effect is the one-for-one adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflation rate.费雪效应：名义利率对通货膨胀率所进行的一对一的调整。

Shoeleather costs are the resources wasted when inflation encourages people to reduce their money holdings.皮鞋成本：当通货膨胀鼓励人们减少货币持有量时所浪费的资源。

Menu costs are the costs of changing prices.菜单成本：改变价格的成本。

第二十三章AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY总需求与总供给

Recession is period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.衰退：真实收入下降和失业增加的时期。

Depression is a severe recession.萧条：严重的衰退。

Model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply is the model that most economists use to explain short-run fluctuations in economic activity around its long-run trend.总需求与总供给模型：大多数经济学家用来解释经济活动围绕其长期趋势的短期波动的模型

Aggregate-demand curve is a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level.总需求曲线：表示在每一种物价水平时，家庭、企业、政府和外国客户想要购买的物品与劳务量的曲线。

Aggregate-supply curve is a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that firms choose to produce and sell at each price level.总供给曲线：表示在每一种物价水平时，企业选择生产并销售的物品与劳务量的一条曲线。

Stagflation is period of falling output and rising prices.滞涨：产量减少而物价上升的时期。第二十四章 THE INFLUERNCE OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY ON AGGREGATE DEMAND 货币政策和财政政策对总需求的影响

Theory of liquidity preference is Keynes’s theory that the interest rate adjusts to bring money supply and money demand into balance.流动性偏好理论：凯恩斯的理论，认为利率的调整使货币供给与货币需求平衡。

Multiplier effect is the additional shifts in aggregate demand that result when expansionary fiscal policy increases income and thereby increases consumers spending.乘数效应：当扩张性财政政策增加了收入，从而增加了消费支出时引起的总需求的额外变动。

Crowding-out effect is the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.挤出效应：当扩张性财政政策引起利率上升，从而减少了投资支出时所引起的总需求减少。

Automatic stabilizers are changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate acton.自动稳定器：当经济进入衰退时，决策者不必采取任何有意的行动就可以刺激总需求的财政政策变动。

第四篇：奥巴马2012胜选演讲中英文全文

奥巴马2012胜选演讲中英文全文

Thank you so much.Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward.It moves forward because of you.It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.Tonight, in this election, you, the American people, reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America the best is yet to come.I want to thank every American who participated in this election, whether you voted for the very first time or waited in line for a very long time.By the way, we have to fix that.Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone, whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a difference.I just spoke with Gov.Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign.We may have battled fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply and we care so strongly about its future.From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through public service and that is the legacy that we honor and applaud tonight.In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Gov.Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for, Joe Biden.And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me 20 years ago.Let me say this publicly: Michelle, I have never loved you more.I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you, too, as our nation’s first lady.Sasha and Malia, before our very eyes you’re growing up to become two strong, smart beautiful young women, just like your mom.And I’m so proud of you guys.But I will say that for now one dog’s probably enough.To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics.The best.The best ever.Some of you were new this time around, and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning.But all of you are family.No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together and you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president.Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley.You lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you put in.I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly.And that provides plenty of fodder for the cynics that tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests.But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along a rope line in a high school gym, or saw folks working late in a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else.You’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who’s working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity.You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who’s going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift.You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who’s working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.That’s why we do this.That’s what politics can be.That’s why elections matter.It’s not small, it’s big.It’s important.Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated.We have our own opinions.Each of us has deeply held beliefs.And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy.That won’t change after tonight, and it shouldn’t.These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty.We can never forget that as we speak people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter, the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future.We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers.A country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation, with all the good jobs and new businesses that follow.We want our children to live in an America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened by inequality, that isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet.We want to pass on a country that’s safe and respected and admired around the world, a nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this – this world has ever known.But also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war, to shape a peace that is built on the promise of freedom and dignity for every human being.We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America, open to the dreams of an immigrant’s daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag.To the young boy on the south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner.To the furniture worker’s child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president – that’s the future we hope for.That’s the vision we share.That’s where we need to go – forward.That’s where we need to go.Now, we will disagree, sometimes fiercely, about how to get there.As it has for more than two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts.It’s not always a straight line.It’s not always a smooth path.By itself, the recognition that we have common hopes and dreams won’t end all the gridlock or solve all our problems or substitute for the painstaking work of building consensus and making the difficult compromises needed to move this country forward.But that common bond is where we must begin.Our economy is recovering.A decade of war is ending.A long campaign is now over.And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you, I have learned from you, and you’ve made me a better president.And with your stories and your struggles, I return to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead.Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual.You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together.Reducingour deficit.Reforming our tax code.Fixing our immigration system.Freeing ourselves from foreign oil.We’ve got more work to do.But that doesn’t mean your work is done.The role of citizen in our democracy does not end with your vote.America’s never been about what can be done for us.It’s about what can be done by us together through the hard and frustrating, but necessary work of self-government.That’s the principle we were founded on.This country has more wealth than any nation, but that’s not what makes us rich.We have the most powerful military in history, but that’s not what makes us strong.Our university, our culture are all the envy of the world, but that’s not what keeps the world coming to our shores.What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on earth.The belief that our destiny is shared;that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations.The freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights.And among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism.That’s what makes America great.I am hopeful tonight because I’ve seen the spirit at work in America.I’ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors, and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job.I’ve seen it in the soldiers who reenlist after losing a limb and in those SEALs who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back.I’ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York, where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm.And I saw just the other day, in Mentor, Ohio, where a father told the story of his 8-year-old daughter, whose long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for health care reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to stop paying for her care.I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father, but meet this incredible daughter of his.And when he spoke to the crowd listening to that father’s story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes, because we knew that little girl could be our own.And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright.That’s who we are.That’s the country I’m so proud to lead as your president.And tonight, despite all the hardship we’ve been through, despite all the frustrations of Washington, I’ve never been more hopeful about our future.I have never been more hopeful about America.And I ask you to sustain that hope.I’m not talking about blind optimism, the kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the roadblocks that stand in our path.I’m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight.I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting.America, I believe we can build on the progress we’ve made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunity and new security for the middle class.I believe we can keep the promise of our founders, the idea that if you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love.It doesn’t matter whether you’re black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, able, disabled, gay or straight, you can make it here in America if you’re willing to try.I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided as our politics suggests.We’re not as cynical as the pundits believe.We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions, and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states.We are and forever will be the United States of America.And together with your help and God’s grace we will continue our journey forward and remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on Earth.Thank you, America.God bless you.God bless these United States.

第五篇：奥巴马胜选演讲稿(中英文对照)

Thank you so much.Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward.今夜，在当年的殖民地赢得了决定自己命运的权利200多年以后，让美利坚合众国更加完美的任务又向前推进了一步。

It moves forward because of you.It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.这一进程是因为你们而向前推进的，因为你们再次确认了那种使美国胜利克服了战争和萧条的精神，那种使美国摆脱绝望的深渊并走向希望的最高点的精神，以及那种虽然我们每个人都在追求自己的个人梦想、但我们同属一个美国大家庭、并作为一个国家和民族共同进退的信仰。

Tonight, in this election, you, the American people, reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America the best is yet to come.今夜，在此次选举中，你们这些美国人民提醒我们，虽然我们的道路一直艰难，虽然我们的旅程一直漫长，但我们已经让自己振作起来，我们已经发起反击，我们在自己内心深处知道，对美利坚合众国来说，最美好一切属于未来。

I want to thank every American who participated in this election, whether you voted for the very first time or waited in line for a very long time.By the way, we have to fix that.Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone, whether you

difference.我想感谢所有参加此次选举的美国人，无论你是首次参加选举还是为投票曾长时间排队等候。顺便说一句，我们需要解决这些问题。无论你是到投票站投票还是发传真投票，无论你选的是奥巴马还是罗姆尼，你都让别人听到了自己的声音，你都让美国因你而不同。

I just spoke with Gov.Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign.We may have battled fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply and we care so strongly about its future.From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through public service and that is the legacy that we honor and applaud tonight.In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Gov.Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.我要对罗姆尼州长说几句话，我对他和保罗•莱恩在这次竞争激烈的选举中的表现表示祝贺。我们可能争夺得很激烈，但这仅仅是因为我们深爱着这个国家以及我们如此强烈地关心着它的未来。从乔治到勒诺到他们的儿子米特，罗姆尼家族选择了通过公共服务来回报美国，那是一种我们今夜表示敬重和赞许的遗产。我期待着今后几周能与罗姆尼州长坐下来讨论一下我们可以从何处着手一起努力将美国推向前进。

I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for, Joe Biden.我想对我在过去四年中的朋友和伙伴表示感谢。他就是美国的快乐战士、无出其右的最佳副总统乔•拜登。

And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me 20 years ago.Let me say this publicly: Michelle, I have never loved you more.I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you, too, as our nation’s first lady.Sasha and Malia, before our very eyes you’re growing up to become two strong, smart beautiful young women, just like your mom.And I’m so proud of you guys.But I will say that for now one dog’s probably enough.20年前同意嫁给我的女性，我不会成为今天的我。请让我公开说出下面这段话：米切尔，我对你的爱无以复加，我无比骄傲地看到其他美国人也爱上了你这位我们国家的第一夫人。萨沙和玛利亚，在我们所有人的见证下你们正成长为两个坚强、聪明和美丽的年轻女性，就像你们的妈妈一样。我十分以你们为荣。不过我要说的是，眼下家里养一条狗或许已经够了。

To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics.The best.The best ever.Some of you were new this time around, and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning.But all of you are family.No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together and you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president.Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley.You lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you put in.在这个有史以来的最佳竞选团队和有史以来的最佳志愿者队伍中，你们有些人是这次新加入进来的，有些人则是一开始就在我身边。但你们所有人都属于一个大家庭。无论你的工作是什么，无论你从哪里来，你们都将获得我们共同创造的历史记忆，你们都将被一位充满感激之情的总统终生感激。感谢你们始终充满信心，无论是在高峰还是在低谷。你们鼓舞着我走完整个选举过程，我对你们所做的每件事、你们所做的每项不可思议的工作将一直充满感激。I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly.And that provides plenty of fodder for the cynics that tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests.But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along a rope line in a high school gym, or saw folks working late in a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else.我知道政治角力有时会显得小家子气甚至愚蠢。它为愤世嫉俗者提供了足够的口实，他们告诉我们政治不过是自负者之间的竞争，是特殊利益集团的地盘。但如果你曾经有机会与参加我们集会的那些人以及高中体育馆内挤在隔离绳外的那些人攀谈，或者看到那些在远离家乡的偏远小县的竞选办公室内加班工作的人，你会发现一些别的东西。

’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who’s working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity.You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who’s going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift.You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who’s working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.你将从一位年轻的活动现场组织者的声音里听到他的决心，他边在大学里学习边从事助选工作，他希望确保每个孩子都能拥有同样的机会。你将从一位志愿者的声音里听到她的骄傲，她挨门动员选民是因为她哥哥终因当地一家汽车制造厂增加了一个班次而有了工作。你将从一对军人夫妇的声音里听到深深的爱国情怀。他们深夜时还在接听选举电话，以确保那些曾经为这个国家作战的人不会返回家园时还要为得到一份工作或栖身之所而苦苦争斗。That’s why we do this.That’s what politics can be.That’s why elections matter.It’s not small, it’s big.It’s important.Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated.We have our own opinions.Each of us has deeply held beliefs.And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy.正因为如此，我们要进行选举。这是政治所能够实现的。正因为如此，选举很重要。这不是小事，而是大事，是至关重要的事。在一个有三亿人口的国家实行民主制度可能嘈杂不堪、一团混乱、情况复杂。我们有自己的观点。我们每个人都有自己深信的信仰。当我们经历艰难时期，当我们作为一个国家做出重大决定时，这必然会激发热情，也必然会引发争议。That won’t change after tonight, and it shouldn’t.These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty.We can never forget that as we speak people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter, the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.这都不会改变，也不应该改变。我们进行的这些争论恰恰体现了我们的自由。我们永远不应忘记，就在我们讲话之际，遥远国度的人们现在正冒着生命危险，仅仅是为了获得一个能够对重要问题进行争论、像我们今天这样投票的机会。

But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future.We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers.A country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation, with all the good jobs and new businesses that follow.不过，尽管我们存在这样那样的分歧，我们大多数人都对美国的未来有着某些共同的希望。我们希望我们的孩子成长的国家能够让他们上最好的学校、接受最好老师的教导。一个无愧于全球技术、探索和创新领袖光辉历史的国家，倘能如此，各种好工作和新企业将随之而来。We want our children to live in an America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened by inequality, that isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet.We want to pass on a country that’s safe and respected and admired around the world, a nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this – this world has ever known.But also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war, to shape a peace that is built on the promise of freedom and dignity for every human being.我们希望我们的孩子能够生活在一个没有债务之累、没有不公之苦、没有全球变暖带来的破坏之虞的美国。我们希望留给后代一个安全、受到全球尊重和赞赏的国家，一个由全球有史以来最强大的军事力量和最好的部队保卫的国家，一个满怀信心走过战争、在人人享有自由和尊严的承诺之上构建和平的国家。

We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America, open to the dreams of an immigrant’s daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag.To the young boy on the south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner.To the furniture worker’s child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat

or even a president – that’s the future we hope for.That’s the vision we share.That’s where we need to go – forward.That’s where we need to go.我们坚信一个慷慨的美国、一个富有同情心的美国、一个宽容的美国。美国向一位移民的女儿的梦想打开了大门，让她有机会在我们的学校学习、对着我们的国旗宣誓；美国向芝加哥南部地区的一个小男孩打开了大门，让有机会他看到一个最近街角以外的远大人生；美国向北卡罗来纳州的一位家具工人的孩子打开了大门，让他有机会实现自己当医生或科学家、工程师或企业家、外交官甚至是总统的梦想，这是我们希望的未来。这是我们共同的愿景。这是我们奔赴的方向，向前的方向。这是我们需要实现的目标。