第一篇：GRE作文提纲
GRE作文提纲和模板--给大家的礼物
这是竹子准备考试过程中自认为的精华部分，(自己整理总结的东西)献给PAISLEY和寄托天下的gters，希望能对大家有用。
Argument提纲
一.开头部分In this argument, the arguer concludes that…To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer points out that…In addition, the arguer assumes that / reasons that / cites the example of / cites the result of a recent study that…A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless it is.二.论证驳斥部分First of all, the argument is based on a false analogy./ The arguer simply assumes that…but he does not provide any evidence that…are indeed comparable./ As we
know,…differ conspicuously./ It is true that both…but even here exist fundamental differences:…/ Therefore, even though…proved effective in doing…there is no guarantee that it will work just as well for…// As a result, A and B do not establish a warranted analogy.So we cannot safely assume that(两者无法比)** The author unfairly assumes that A bears some relation to B./ However, the author provides no evidence to support that this is the case, nor does the author establish a causal relationship between A and B./ It is highly possible that other factors might contribute to the B/change/progress./ For example,…It is also likely B just resulted from…/ Lacking evidence that links A to B, it is
presumptuous to suggest that A was responsible for B.(无法建立必然的因果关系)** The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it./ One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion./ Based on a specific example of…, it is logically unsounded to make suggestion for all…/ In fact, in face of such limited evidence, it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all./ Unless it can be shown that…is representative of all…, the conclusion that…is completely unwarranted.(单个事例不能说明整体问题)** By concluding that sb must do A or must do B, the author commits a fallacy of“false dilemma”./ The author assumes that A and B are the only available solutions to the problem./ However, it is possible that other factors might also contribute to the problem.For example,…/ If so, just doing A and B would not solve the problem.(还有其他原因)
In addition, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization./ Even if…, which is, of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that…/ It is highly possible that other factors may have contributed to B…/ For instance,…/ Besides, the arguer does not provide any solid information
concerning…/ Unless…, which is unknown from this argument, there is no guarantee that…// Without ruling out these and other possible factors that give rise to B, the author cannot confidently conclude that…(结论得出过早，考虑不周到)
** The arguer assumes that just because one event follows another, the second event has been caused by the first./ However, no evidence is provided to support that this is the case./ The mere fact that A occurs before B does not necessarily establish a causal relationship between A and B./ It is highly possible that other factors might also bring about these same results./ For instance,…In addition,…/ Without ruling out these and other possible factors that give rise to B, the author cannot confidently conclude that…
** The recommendation depends on the assumption that no alternative means of doing sth are available./ However, the arguer fails to offer any evidence to substantiate this crucial
assumption.It is highly possible that means other than this would better solve the problem./
Without considering and ruling out these and other alternative means of doing sth, the author cannot confidently conclude that…
** The arguer assumes the characteristics of asgroupsapply to every member of that
group./ The conclusion that…is based on the assumption that…/ However, there is no
guarantee that this is the case, nor does the author provide any evidence to substantiate this
assumption.It is very likely that…/ Lacking such evidence the author cannot draw any firm
conclusion.(整体规律不一定适用于个人)
** It is assumed without justification that background conditions have remained the
same at different times / conditions./ The arguer unfairly infer from…in the past that…/
However, he/she fails to offer any evidence to substantiate this inference.It is very likely
that…, or that…/ Any of these scenarios, if true, would serve to undermine the claim
that…(从过去不能推知现在和将来)
Finally, the arguer provides no assurances that the survey on which the argument
depends is statistically reliable./ Lacking information about the number of…surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to assess the validity of the results./For example, if…were surveyed but only…responded, the conclusion that…would be highly suspected./ Another problem is the representativeness of the respondents.Were they representative of all the…? Were…chosen for the survey chosen randomly or did they volunteer for the
survey?…/ Lacking such evidence the author cannot draw any firm conclusion based on the study.三.结尾部分In summary, this argument is not persuasive as it stands.To make it more convincing, the arguer would have to provide more evidence concerning…/ provide evidence to rule out other possible causes of…To better evaluate the argument, we would need more information regarding…
Issue模版
第一段Determining whether something should or should not be done could be weighed in many aspects.Different people have different answers due to their respective point of view.On balance, my view is that the final judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of the two situations./ In my point of view, I agree with the speaker on the grounds that…/ At the first glance, this opinion seems to be somewhat appealing, but further reflection tells me that I cannot agree with it for the following reasons.第二段**同意The first and foremost reason why I support / agree with above statement is that…There is also a further ? more subtle ? point to consider.**反对Although at first glance these arguments sound reasonable and appealing, they are not borne out by a careful consideration.The undeniable deficiency in above arguments is that they are negligent of the bare fact that...第三段In conclusion, it must be explained that these three reasons sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole, thus becoming more persuasive than anyone of them.So, any thinking person must believe that…
第二篇：【美联英语】GRE作文提纲8
两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平http://m.meten.com/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0
美联英语提供：GRE作文提纲 1.One reason why educators should emphasize personal enrichment over job preparation is that rote technical knowledge and skill do not help a student determine which goals in life are worthwhile and whether the means of attaining those goals are ethically or morally acceptable.2.Another reason why educators should emphasize personal enrichment over job preparation is that specific knowledge and skills needed for jobs are changing more and more quickly.3.A third reason why educators should emphasized personally enriching course work—particularly anthropology, sociology, history, and political philosophy—is that these courses help students understand, appreciate and respect other people and their viewpoints.现实和理想
-----------------------------
201.“The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas--not to prepare them for a specific job.”
教育的目的应该是给予学生一个价值体系，一个标准，一整套想法----而不是为一个具体工作培养他们。
1.By
helping students develop a thoughtful, principled value system educators actually help prepare students for jobs.2.Another reason for my viewpoint lies in the fact that technology-driven industries account for an ever-increasing portion of our jobs.3.Besides helping students develop their own thoughtful value systems, educators should instill in students certain basic values upon which any democratic society depends;otherwise, our freedom to choose our own jobs and careers might not survive in the long term.4.Admittedly, values and behavioral standards specific to
certain religions are best left to parents and churches.213.“Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challenge the assertions of others.In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others--that is, the ability to achieve social harmony--should be a major goal in every school.”
人们过于重视了学生们挑战他人主张的要求。实际上，达成社会和谐的能力，比如容让和协作能力，应该成为每一所学校的主要目标。
Encouraging students to think critically does not necessarily conflict with our pursuit of social harmony.1.Critical thinking is key to students both academically and politically.2.It is necessary for students to criticize the views of each other in their studies, which does not necessarily lead to conflicts
among them.3.Compromising is harmful in academic pursuits.---------------------------
214.“Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability.Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped.”
社会应该发现那些具有特殊天赋和能力的孩子，并且在年幼的时候就开始训练他们以便于这些孩子最终可以在他们擅长的领域中出类拔萃。否则这些天才就可能会止步不前。
1.At first blush the statement appears compelling.I agree with the statement insofar as any society that values its own future well-being must be attentive to its children’s talents.2.Beyond this concession, however, I disagree with the statement because it seems to recommend that certain children receive special attention at the expense of other children—a recommendation that I find troubling.---------------------------222.“Learning for learning's sake is an outdated concept.Today, education must serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals.”
孤立的教育已经是过时的想法了。现在的教育应该作用于更高的目的并且由清晰的目标来指引。
While education must serve clear purpose, “learning for learning’s sake” is not necessarily out-dated.1.The primary purpose of education is to cultivate qualified citizens and builders of a democratic
society.2.Another purpose of education is to train creative workers who can fill in all the occupations of society.3.The idea of “learning for learning’s sake” does not necessarily conflict with education’s pursuit of the above purposes.反理想与现实之教育
-------------------------223.“Education is primarily a personal matter;it has little to do with school or college.”
教育主要是个人的私事，和中小学或者大学基本上没什么关系。
Education is not a personal matter in a large sense, and it certainly has a lot to do with school or college.1.It is not difficult to understand that education directly benefits the individual receiver of education.2.Furthermore, the education of an individual concerns the interests of the whole society.3.With the dramatic increase in knowledge today, it is impossible to educate oneself without the involvement of school or college.少数和多数
-------------------------228.“The best way to teach--whether as an educator, employer, or parent--is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.”
无论是作为教育者、雇主或者是父母，教育最好的方法就是赞扬积极的行为而无视消极的行为。
The statement overlooks circumstances under which praise might be inappropriate, as well as ignoring the beneficial value of constructive criticism, and sometimes even punishment.1.The recommendation that parents, teachers and
employers praise positive actions is generally good advice.2.While recommending praise for positive actions is fundamentally sound advice, this advice should carry with it certain caveats.3.As for ignoring negative actions, I agree that minor peccadilloes can, and in many cases should, be overlooked.4.At the same time, some measure of constructive criticism and critique, and sometimes even punishment, is appropriate.赞扬和批评
------------------------230.“College students--and people in general--prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.Therefore, colleges should eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear direction.”
大学学生和普通大众宁愿听从指示而不愿意自己做决定。因此，大学应该尽可能为学生减少选择以便于为学生们提供一个明确的方向。
1.As for the speaker’s threshold claim, I concede that under certain circumstances people prefer to take direction from others.2.When it comes to particular tasks in which college professors are more experienced and knowledgeable, following their directions is to be preferred, for failing to do so can result in costly mistakes.3.However, when it comes to decisions about major and
minor fields of study, curriculum choices, and other broad decisions, for the most part students themselves—and not college administrators—should be the final decision-makers.精英和大众之选择权---------------------------232.“The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world.This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns.” 教育的目的应该是要创造出一个隔离于外界的学术环境。这样的环境最理想因为这样可以使学生们不受功利的干扰而专注于重要的理念。
It is near-sighted to isolate students from the outside world.1.A common misconception about education is that the so-called “important ideas” students learn at schools have nothing to do with the practical world.2.Actually, students’ knowledge of the outside world contributions to their academic studies.3.Furthermore, the ultimate purpose of education is to train workers and citizens who can adapt themselves to and make contributions to the society outside the campus.理想和现实
第四类 科技
7.“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”
摄像机可以通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活，因此它已经代替书面记录成为了一种更重要的记录手段。
Although I agree that a video provides a more objective and accurate record of an event’s spatial aspects, there is far more to document in life than what we see and hear.Thus the speaker overstates the comparative significance of video as a documentary tool.1.For the purpose of documenting temporal, spatial events and experiences, I agree that a video record is usually more accurate and more convincing than a written record.2.Nonetheless, for certain other purposes written records are more advantageous and more appropriate than video records.3.Finally, a video record is of not use in documenting statistical or quantitative information.记录手段：现代摄像机和印刷术
------------------------------30.“The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.”
技术进步的首要目标应该是提高人们的效率以便于每个人都享有更多的闲暇时光。
Disagree: 1.The chief reason for my disagreement lies in the empirical proof: with technological advancement comes diminished leisure time.2.Meanwhile, the suggestion that technology’s chief goal should be to facilitate leisure is simply wrongheaded.There are far more vital concerns that technology can and should address.技术进步之空闲时刻
------------------------------66.“As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.”
当人们变得越来越依赖技术解决问题的时候，人类独立思考的能力将肯定会有所衰退。
Technology is a double-edged sword that may either serve or harm human interests.1.On the one hand, it is possible that people may become the slaves of technology.2.On the other hand, technology may save people’s time and energy so that they could devote themselves to more creative and meaningful work.3.Moreover, technology provides people with effective instruments for intellectual work.技术进步之人和技术
------------------------------69.“Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development”
政府应该少限制科学研究和发展。
Disagree 1.Without government funding, scientists would find it difficult to carry out large-scale projects.2.Government can also organize scientists to solve the most urgent problems that concern society.3.However, government should refrain from interfering with the freedom of scientific enquiry.技术之政府限制
------------------------------88.“Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.”
技术不仅仅影响而且实际上是决定了社会
传统和道德规范。
1.Technologies have radically changed the way we spend holidays.2.The new ways of communication brought about by electronic technology have transformed the way we associate with each other in our daily lives.3.However, we should not let technologies determine our ethics.技术进步之社会影响
------------------------------107.“Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view.”
即时通讯系统促使人们匆忙的做出判断并很快的给出回答，而不是花时间去形成深思熟虑和理由充分的观点。
Instant communication systems tend to discourage thoughtful and well-reasoned points of view.1.Instant communication systems usually require quick replies.2.The pressure of time and space—a key feature of instant communication—forces people to form hasty opinions rather than thoughtful and well-reasoned points of view.3.On the contrary, traditional ways of communication such as hand-written letters or face-to-face discussion are more likely to induce in-depth thinking.技术进步之即时判断
第三篇：怎样提炼GRE考试作文的提纲
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GRE考试作文的提纲
本文与考生分享了怎样提炼GRE考试作文的提纲，请考生们认真备考，希望对参加GRE考试的考生有所帮助，小编预祝考生取得满意的GRE成绩，更多考试信息敬请关注百利天下出国考试GRE考试网站相关内容。
提纲是GRE作文的重要组成部分。在新GRE写作开始之前列出提纲，考生对自己要写的内容就会一目了然，知道自己哪里着重写，哪里只需一笔带过。小编在此为考生讲GRE作文写作方法。
第一、稳定军心。
当你有了新GRE写作提纲，你起码就知道先写什么后写什么了。这样你就不会在写手中的句子时又一边在慌神下面该怎么办。对于一开始的进入状态无异于定心之剂。
第二、层次清晰。
GRE考试中如果碰到了以前有过提纲的那最好了，如果没有，GRE考试现场列了总归比没有的要好吧。列出了提纲，无论怎么样，都要让文章看起来有个系统，有个层次，有个逻辑顺序。主要的作用就是以上两点。所以给新GRE作文列提纲是非常必要和值得的。所谓的四两拔千金，可以很好的解释这个原理。
再讨论到如何实践的问题。有人会说自己连文章都写不完，哪来多余的写提纲？
1、什么时候开始练习在模考时加入提纲？
比较适合的是在复习最后10天到一周的样子。因为这首先需要在一定高强度的写作练习之后，再者，需要对题目已经有了一定的把握。很多的提纲在之前都大体列过。然后在限时中加入提纲的写作。
2、用多长时间列提纲？
经验是ISSUE总体比ARGU短。ISSUE大体要2-3分钟，ARGU怎么都要3分钟。可能要5分钟。
3、提纲里都要包含些什么？
对ISSUE来说，读第一遍题目时把关键词提出来，接着将核心话题列出来，根据这个话题开始一条一条列出你要写的东西;ARGU来说，因为题目比较长，所以读题的时间就要比前者长。第一遍建议先把每一个意群讲的是什么简要提出来，排上序号;第二从这些小短句分析其文章结构和主要错误;第三把自己对错误的阐述顺序列出来。这样差
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4、列提纲的一些技巧
需要在练习新GRE作文去中找到自己的记录法，哪种缩写是自己看得明了的。要记出来的摘要最后自己还要辨析几分钟。建议在平时列提纲的时候就有意识的做一下限定时间练习，看2-3分钟能不能把大体的框架列出来。
其他：如果正确掌握提纲的写法和时间分配问题，将是对于AW的核心实力的一种提高。对比于其他人，无论如何都是要略胜一筹的。鼓励大家去积极尝试，发掘自己最适合的一套方法。我主要就是站出来告诉大家，在30和30分钟内写两个提纲+ISSUE650和ARGU550+还剩平均3分钟时间检查，是绝对可以实现的。
关于GRE作文高分技巧就 讲解到这。考生在备战GRE作文中务必注意对提纲的把握，这是GRE写作不可缺少的一部分，考生一定要养成写作之前列提纲的习惯，才能在真正的GRE考试中离开提纲一气呵成完美的文章，小编祝愿考生取得满意的GRE写作高分，考生们可以经常浏览百利天下出国考试GRE考试网站相关内容。百利天下出国考试免费咨询电话：400-890-6000 百利天下官网：www.xiexiebang.com
第四篇：新GRE Issue作文复习侧重点：列提纲
官方网站：
新GRE Issue作文复习侧重点：列提纲
新GRE Issue备考侧重点：准备提纲
新GRE Issue要求考生根据所给的题目，完成一篇表明立场的逻辑立论文。Issue题库涉及社会、文化、科技、历史、政治、艺术等诸多方面。不同类型的题目有较大差别，但在同一类型的题目中却包含了许多命题方向非常接近的题目。
Issue写作对于论据的要求是非常高的，因此你的名人事例的储备，相关知识量的积累是非常重要的。这一环节也正是GRE考生最为头疼的一部分，举不出支持自己的观点的例子，因此让自己的文章显得只有苍白的论证，缺乏说服力。因此要多读历史，积累例子，尤其关注那些重要的哲学家、科学家、艺术家、政治领袖等人的生平事迹、主要贡献。例如Issue里的这样一道真题：“Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society。”(真正影响深远的思想家和具有高度创造力的艺术家总是与他们的时代和社会步伐不一致)。这个题目如果没有必备的那些思想家和艺术家的例子，文章必然缺乏说服力。因此读历史积累写作素材，具体说就是论据素材是拿高分的一个重要环节。
另外，写GRE作文提纲对于Issue部分的备考是至关重要的，也是最占用时间、最核心的一个环节。每一个题目的提纲力求详细，不用去写开头段和结尾段，就写正文各段你的各个分支观点，也就是正文部分的论证过程。除了论证以外，写完后想想可以用些什么论据，把支持论证的论据也写上。需要强调的是，一定要较为详细地写Issue提纲，否则，在考场如果遇到没有思考过的题目，很容易自乱阵脚，导致失败。此外，题目必须考前按题材分类去写提纲，看懂，知道对立面和大致写作思路。论据往往在同类的很多题目中通用。写完提纲后，再写20-40篇完整的文章(语言能力弱的话，尽量多写)。
第五篇：GRE作文遣词造句
各位GRE-作文版的版友们，大家好，我是Gter-GRE综合版的版主：Saavedro。在这里我想谈谈关于如何在相对短的时间内最大最有效的提升自己的GRE-AW写作语言屈驾和运用的能力。鉴于最近很多版友们（包括GRE版和TOEFL版）都在问这个问题，可见这个问题的关注度越来越高，很多人一直苦于找不到好的方法而处于事半功倍的囧境，苦苦练习了2个月才发现自己的写作语言能力还是没有什么本质性的进步。最后AW考试的时候，才只有3分，3.5分等等，殊不知正是因为练习方法不当才导致了这样结果的发生。我相信收到GRE成绩单的同学都可以清楚的看到ETS对于各个分数段的评价和解释，你会发现3分作文的评语很明显的强调了：语言上错误很多，包括用词的不精确，语法的错误，句子的语病等等。也就是说3分同学的文章先不说思路和构架如何如何的有问题，光是语言的缺陷就已经足够把这篇文章打入到低分群体中了。
这是成绩单上ETS给予3分文章的评语：Displays some competence in analytical writing, although the writing is flawed in at least one of the following ways: limited analysis or development, weak organization, weak control of sentence structures and language usage, with errors that often result in vagueness or lack of clarity.因此如何更有效地提升遣词造句以适应和达到GRE写作的要求就成为了当前迫在眉睫的重要任务了，同时也是刚刚准备AW的同学最关注的事了。不可否认他们对于GRE写作的理解可能还仅仅停留在语言这个层面上，当然平心而论，大部分刚开始接触GRE写作的同学更多的问题还不是思路问题，摆在他们面前的第一座大山就是这个语言问题即：如何在相对短的时间内，从四六级和TOEFL写作的水平提升到GRE-AW的学术英语写作呢？在我调查了大部分同学刚开始练习AW写作的时候，他们告诉我，平均第一篇ISSUE都要写2小时左右，才能写出一篇大约在450-550字之间的文章，而他们最大的困难还不是思路问题，是语言表达的问题。其实这个也不难以理解。像GRE这样最后要达到：45分钟写出至少650字的英文学术论文的难度，的确是其他类型的考试无法类比的。国内的四六级英语考试是30分钟写150字左右的生活或者日常应用类型的话题。TOEFL，IELTS是30分钟写300字左右的独立话题作文，话题也是一般社会大众现象或者是学习生活类型的话题。即使是专四专八英语考试的作文题目也没有达到GRE这种即学术又抽象化的题目上，而且字数也同样是300字左右，也没有像GRE这样的写作如此“变态”。然后我们说归说，抱怨归抱怨，可是问题依然存在，所以明智的人应该想如何破解这个难题，如何击破和突破这个GRE-AW的第一道语言层次上的障碍。
事实上据我调查来看，很多准备GRE考试的朋友们在开始的初期时，思维都是如此运作的：写作时80%以上用在语言支配和组织上，不到20%的精力用在文章的组织和分析上。他们告诉我说，语言上实在困难的令我难以为继。但是我想说的是这很正常，几乎任何人开始准备的时候都是这种状态，并没有什么奇怪的。那么考前应该达到什么水平才可以比较稳的去参加考试呢？我想是把上面两种状态调过来：80%用在思路思想和文章结构的安排上，20%的精力用在语言组织遣词造句和其他部分上。如果你后期模考的时候你的思维和精力是这样分配的，那么恭喜你，你的语言表达已经完全不是你写作的障碍了。语言关过了，你攻克GRE的信心也就会与日俱增了。说到这里，也许有人问了：这怎么可能呢，这不是达到汉语母语写作的境界了吗？怎么可能在短短2-3个月内做到呢？ 可我想说的是：你只说对了一半，虽然我们毕竟是中国人，母语是汉语，但是如果有方法能令你在相对短的时间内把
自己的能力无限逼近于母语的境界呢？答案是肯定的。首先提升自己就要先明白自己的问题在哪里？要分别从哪几个角度提升自己？很多人在提升前根本就没有想过这些，只是一味的仿效别人去做，不停的写，这只是为了使自己活动心理上的满足，可对于自己的实力提升却只有微末之功，因为他从来没有分析过自己的问题到底在哪里，何能谈及如何改成和提高呢？因此认识到问题的关键也就等于为解决了问题打下了良好的基础。下面我来说说具体的操作方法吧：
提升写作语言表达能力不外乎有两个层面：词汇+句子，这也就是我们平时所说的遣词造句的能力。笔者认为这是提升写作语言表达能力的关键所在。但是我们受到传统国内英语教育的影响，总听说词汇和写作能力的提升不是一朝一夕的功夫，需要长年累月的积累才能发生质的变化。所以很多人听之闻之，慢慢的也就真的害怕起来了。但是以我自己来说，我认为上面那句话说对了一半。词汇和写作表达的能力提升绝对不是一朝一夕的功夫，但是也绝非需要长年累月才可以去应对GRE啊。当然大家现在写作遇到的首要问题可能就是在规定的限时内无法写出满意的语言来，要么字数少的可怜，要么整篇文章语言表达问题严重使之完全不能托起自己在ISSUE或者ARGUMENT上的逻辑思维表达。这是致命性的问题，也是最棘手的问题了。刚才说过了，要想解决这个矛盾的话，首先要突破来自异国语言表达的禁锢，如果不能突破和根除这种禁锢的话，你将永远不能去做到和题目直接的交心，不能做到和ETS的考官们面对面的“讨论”这个GRE-AW的写作话题。因此我分词汇和句型两个部分来分别说下如何做到在只有2-3个月的时间内使自己的写作语言能力比起以前来得到大幅度本质性的提升，从而轻松应对GRE写作。请你相信我，只要你肯按照我下面说的付出努力并且坚持2个月以上，那么你的写作能力一定会有质的飞跃，载体语言能力上去了，题目思想结构等等经过事先提纲的反复修改也基本已经臻至完美。这个时候你不冲击高分，高分也会来冲击你！！
词汇部分：
先来看看ETS官方评语针对低分作文语言方面缺陷的说明吧：weak control of sentence structures and language usage, with errors that often result in vagueness or lack of clarity.由此可见低分作文一个很重要的flaw就是由于遣词造句能力不佳直接导致语言上的失误，评分人根本无法理解作者写作的本意，严重影响了文章语言表达的clarity.首先要认识到写作词汇和阅读词汇的不同点，很多人盲目的认为英语的词汇在听说读写上都是一样的，也就是说自己对于他们掌握的程度可以划上等号。但实际上呢？绝对不是这样的。阅读和听力中你能够认识的和听出来的词汇叫做被动词汇（passive words），而在写作和口语中能够写出来和说出来的叫做主动词汇(active words)。两种词汇的最大区别就在于前者是你不会使用的，只能依靠被动的接受而能有所反应的词汇。但是后者是你必须能正确应用的词汇，也就是不仅要知道单词的拼写，发音，意思，就是连词汇的用法和搭配也必须要
知道的一清二楚，否则你无法正确运用的。我们看上面的定义就知道我们同学之所以写作词汇能力差就是我们大家的主动词汇无论从质还有量上都太少了，而通过机械般的背单词，被动词汇倒是提升了不少。可是你不要忘记真正衡量你英语水平的一项重要标准就是：一个人掌握主动词汇的质量与他掌握一门语言的能力成正比例。现在大家看到了，写作要求我们的就是主动词汇的能力的提升。现在确定了我们词汇要进步提升的目标了就好办多了。接下来就是要具体说说提升的方法了。在谈这个方法前，我们先要说说GRE-AW写作到底要我们有多少主动词汇才够？其实这个问题很难回答，以前寄托作文版的一位老前辈名叫：星夜无夏。以她的观点来说：有了四级的4500词汇就已经能够应付GRE写作了。平心而论我觉得这话说的也不无道理，因为我们看看那些ETS公布的范文和诸如其他类似文体的美文用词也仅仅就在四六级的6000核心词汇内。但是我想大家应该明白一个道理，用词简单要表达复杂逻辑和学术话题的话的确难度不小，这需要语言上非常高且精妙的能力技巧。很显然，作为汉语为母语的我们，我们平时用汉语写这种话题的时候也不敢保证用词都会那么的基础，那么的简单。因此掌握一定的高级词汇是很有必要的，也是十分迫切的。那么有多少才够呢？我给各位的建议是最好有6000以上的词汇，也就是国内大学英语六级的词汇的水平。请注意我这里说的词汇水平不是说阅读中能认识，听力中能听懂。而是写作中能够正确的使用出来，这里面包括该词汇的常用用法和固定常用搭配等等。而我在准备AW的时候自己的写作主动词汇量大概在8000这个等级上。因为除了四六级词汇外，我还练习了部分TOEFL层次甚至GRE红宝书中的常用写作词汇。当我已经达到了8000主动词汇写作表达的时候，写作中再也没有来自词汇的羁绊，自己的思想和对于题目的观点看法便如滔滔江水一样，由脑海中倾泻而出，45分钟后即成一篇不少于650字的ISSUE文章了，那种感觉是如此的美妙绝伦，是我以前从来没有感受到过的。
练习方法和工具书：
教材：以我自己的经验来看，我推荐大家用一本名为：《TOEFL-ibt 写作词汇小伴侣》作者是：戴云，张宏伟。这本书虽然是TOEFL写作用的书，但是书中收录的词汇非常全面，而且还都给分了类和科目，所以很便于进行分类性的高频词汇总结。、方法：如果你还有2个月以上的时间的话，那么就以此书中前271页的词汇和短语为目标进行训练，如果你只有1个月的时间左右的话，那么就以前100页词汇和词组训练也就可以了。训练方法同普通的背单词方法不一样。首先请你找出一支笔来，在前271页中把你认为重要的和你将来写作可能会用到的词汇和短语统统用红笔把它右边的中文释义画下来（英文词汇不要画任何东西）。每天要给自己定出进度来（例如：50页词汇），将左面的英文单词用卡片一类的东西挡住，练习看你画出的后面的中文释义和词性来想左面被挡住的词汇是什么（注意不会使用的词汇要特别查词典看用法，这里面多是动词比较复杂；名词，形容词，副词等都相对容易得多）。用这个方法将271页的词汇和短语在一周左右的时间迅速的过掉第一遍，这个时候请你不要着急，因为还不熟练。你需要适当的缩短时间，例如：5天，再重复上面的步骤。如此练习一个月左右，你会发现你再写文章的时候你脑子对于词汇的运作方式就发生变化了。以前你在写的时候遇到一个地方会苦苦的思索有什么词汇可以放到这里用。但是这个时候你会发现你的脑子里出现了4-5个这样同义或者上义的词汇或者短语，你现在需要做的工作就是选一个最好的写上。这样用一个月左右的时间把写作词汇的问题彻底解决掉。不过要注意的是此方法不到考试前的一天不能停止，一旦停止你的主动词汇量就会发生退化，因为毕竟你还不在英语语言环境中。
其中的训练原理其实很简单：因为汉语是我们的母语，英语对于我们来说是相对陌生的多的。我们对于英语的语感也远没有汉语高。因此要想提升对于英语的敏感和运用能力，在初期的时候就必须以汉语这个令我们熟悉的语言作为媒介将我们的表达和英语思维和语言连接起来。如果一味的死背英文单词记忆汉语释义的话，我们的记忆还是停留在被动词汇那个层面上，永远也无法更有效地提高甚至突破。
造句部分：
解决了词汇的问题，现在就剩下句式和造句的问题了。这个问题也相当棘手，很多人写作的文章词汇虽然没有问题，但是句式非常的单一化，而且无法做到简单句和复杂句的交错使用，使文章语言上没有层次跌宕起伏的感觉，纵然有cogent的论证和精善的思路，句式表达却平平无奇，最终没能托起作者的idea，遗憾终生~~~
这就好比武侠小说中所言：天下极品武学都要依赖上乘的内力催动，方能发挥出无穷的力量。故内功根基不深厚，纵有再多的上乘武学秘籍，也是徒劳无功耳。
练习方法和工具书：
教材：推荐一本书和一部资料：《GRE北美官方范文》（北美范文），带有中英文双解的ISSUE和ARGUMENT的题库（XDF黄皮系列书和网上的资料也可）。注意：北美范文这本书在整个GRE-AW备考中要慎重使用。现在中国考生GRE-AW分数偏低，除了语言不过关以外，再有就是抄袭和雷同兼死板八股化十分严重。而这种现象的出现和这本书可以说有着莫大的关联。因此笔者建议北美范文这本书还是要买的，但是只能用来练习语言表达能力，千万不能用于思路开拓和作文破题审题写作模式等等方面。而真正这方面的东西，还有赖于大家自己积极的发挥主观能动性吧，ETS总喜欢原创且新颖的东西。不过要为北美范文澄清的是：它对于语言表达能力培养提升还是大有裨益的，笔者当时写作造句能力提升60%就有赖于对于这本书使用。
方法：练习ISSUE部分的范文文章即可。以此书的开始的前30篇ISSUE文章为纲要进行训练。首先在你的计算机中GRE写作资料中建立一个文件夹，名为：北美范文汉译英练习。
具体操作方法为每天至少练习2篇ISSUE文章的汉译英练习，每篇文章独立一个txt文档文件。打开你的北美范文，然后翻到后面中文翻译的地方，看一句中文，然后做汉译英的翻
译练习，将你翻译的结果打字到文档文件里保存，当一个段落或者一篇文章翻译完后，仔细对照原文。这时候你会发现你翻译的和英文原文有很大的不同，这里面包括词汇和句式的差异等等。这时候你要注意，原文中使用好的词汇和表达方式你都要统统的以其所在分句的形式抄在一个本子上（中英文都要抄上），然后每天没事的时候就看着你抄写的中文再次回想对应的英文是什么，就这样每天坚持翻译两篇文章，然后看抄写下的中文回想和记忆对应的英文部分，两周后就会翻译完这30篇文章。这个时候就要停下来不要再翻译新的文章。你要做的是再次从第一篇到第三十篇文章做汉译英的翻译练习。随着你的词汇和句式能力的提升，你会发现你这次的翻译结果还是和原文有所不同，但是与前者不同的是你发现它的语言和你的语言比起来比你容易得多，无论是词汇还有句式上，这就说明你进步了。你比它好的地方你自己要保留，而你不如它的地方还要用上述办法改进。就这样坚持1-2个月，你的造句的能力也会发生质的飞跃。你会发现无论你想表达什么，你都能在最短的时间内在做到词汇和句式兼顾下，高效率，低错误的写完你想要写的文章，通过英语语言完美的诠释你的思想和观点。注意：如果你只想高效率的练习造句能力的话也可以使用国内考研英语阅读的长难句进行汉译英的翻译，那个虽然更为痛苦些，但是效果却更加出众。笔者当时使用的是《北美范文》和《杨鹏GRE&&GMAT难句》作为写作汉译英的材料练习写作语言表达能力的，却只练习了不到2个月便突然于一次写作时发现自己的英文表达已经完全脱胎换骨，在表达GRE-ISSUE的时候，文字上竟然能体验到游戏自如一般的感受，真是妙极，爽极！！其中的训练原理同词汇基本一致，都是要通过汉语母语来牵动英语和我们的思维连接上。在这里笔者想说的，也是想请大家记住的是提升输出性英语表达的最好办法就是做与之相对应的汉译英练习。因为英译汉实际提升的只是你汉语的表达能力，真正能在相对短时间内且有效提升英语表达能力的方法唯有：汉译英练习！！这个练习你不做不知道，一做吓一跳！！当然当你一开始练习的时候就不能停下一直要坚持2个月左右才会出先奇效，所以还是那句老话：贵在坚持！！如果说听写是提升听力的唯一途径，那么汉译英就是有效提升英语写作语言表达的唯一方式了。
洋洋洒洒的说了这么多，笔者只是想告诉各位G友们：只要方法正确，再配以你坚忍不拔的毅力，那么结果就一定会是辉煌的。笔者的AW部分是5.0分（估计ISSUE比ARGUMENT部分要高）。而以当初笔者的英语基础之差我相信当世亦是十分罕有的。曾经有人对笔者说四级都没过怎么考GRE啊？？？就是打死我，我也不行啊！！笔者对于这样的人总是愿意纠正他这个思想认识上的错误。如果你们要比谁的英语基础差，笔者相信笔者绝对居于此类“超弱势群体”的超弱势前列。笔者在此不说具体的分数，我只说用大学英语四级来说事没有丝毫的意义，笔者2005年参加北京高考英语部分的分数不但没有及格，而且距离90分这个及格线也是相差甚远，大一基础英语上下学期都是挂科。但是笔者大二下学期为了考GRE考TOEFL，为了飞跃梦想而疯狂拼命的学习英语。这才能以一年多前的那种英语基础到今天能拿下GRE这个被世界上号称最难得英语考试来。所以请你不要抱怨什么，只需要从今天开始努力做你应该做的就可以了。笔者还是那句话：方法+坚持=成功奇迹出现！！
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