第一篇:读后感,书评
战略文化——大国之间的博弈
——《大国雄魂——大国战略文化》书评
作者:姚有志
“地中海滨的意大利,始终充满了浪漫、缤纷与时尚;高卢雄鸡法兰西,仍是雄心激情与理想满怀;“日不落”的英帝国,荣耀、矜持,努力之中持续追梦;大陆中腹的德意志,雄健、深邃,仍然掷地有声;渐渐复苏的俄罗斯,广袤、骄傲却强势依旧„„”这是《大国雄魂——大国战略文化》这本书序言中的几句话,寥寥数语,将几个大国特有的文化精髓概括的淋漓尽致,读完姚有志所著的这本书,对于所介绍的几个大国的兴衰发展史有了初步了解,这些国家有一个共同的特点就是:这种具有强烈认同感的战略文化精髓始终贯穿于国家发展的整个历史阶段。
本书是解放军出版社《大视野大战略》丛书之一。作为历史概念的“大国”,是变动不居的,“大国”的国力、影响力在不同历史时期排序会发生变化。本书所指的大国之“大”,已非单纯的幅员辽阔、人口众多,更多是一种无形的影响力之大,包括了经济、科技、军事、文化、思想等众多方面(如以色列),而在文明发展的经纬网上,文化、思想的力量显然支撑着核心的结点。本书的立意,就是以丰润的史实和哲思的笔触,解读大国崛起、发展过程中的文化之魂和传统力量,以为现实参考和借鉴。这也是编写和出版本书的主要价值所在。要真正认识一个国家或民族,必须先了解其战略文化。任何一种战略文化,都是人类特定文明在战略领域的反映。出于参照和现实解读的原因,本书选择了当今可以称上“大国”的中国、美国、俄罗斯、英国、法国、德国、意大利、日本、印度、以色列等十个国家,对其战略文化进行逐次剖析。严格来说,这种横截式的挑选将会带来一种不归整的解析难度。因为,除了中国是在原生文化上延续数千年之外,再无其他国家可以维持文化传统的连续一贯性,并维持其对世界的持续影响力。然而,参差有异的文化变迁和传统轨迹却也是一个不错的参照系,况且,任何国家战略文化的形成都非空穴来风。并非数年之功、一时之需的战略文化,一旦形成就具有相当的稳定性。它凝结了国家的生产方式、地缘环境、历史经历、意识倾向、经典文论,甚至是杰出人物背后所代表、所折射的精神精华。
要把握和理解一个国家或民族的战略文化,就必须建立在对其历史经验的长期考察基础上,在历史连续中把握那些屡经沧桑而难以突变的明显特征。各个民族、各个国家之间,自然环境不同,外在威胁不同,自我发展的满足程度不同,这些差异必然会导致国家之间心理判断和行为方式的差异。
“在不断转化的时代维度上,那些能够驻足于历史舞台上的国家都称不上尽善尽美,若无良好的转化机制和发展心态,已过长期的过分自信则可发展成为盲目自大,缺乏人文关怀的开拓也可能孕育伤人害己的根源„„”战略文化是稳定的,但并不说其不需要或不会发生变革。这是因为,影响战略文化生成的文明形态、地缘环境和人口构成等要素,虽然不会说变就变,却也不是一成不变。如果说大国崛起往往存在某些共同之处,大国衰落往往也存在相似的原因。在文明形态、地缘环境和人口构成发生变化的情况下,一个国家如果能够在保守战略传统的同时,又能适时推动战略文化革新,它就有可能掌握战略上的主动性;相反,在文明转型、科技浪潮猛进的态势下,固步自封、反应迟钝甚至是排斥先进迟早会落伍于时代。现实世界是一个开放、并包、多彩的世界,不会因为哪个国家的强力意志而改变其多维度、全方位的发展景象。特定阶段,特定国家可以将自己的国家意识调整到最契合时代的状态,从而呈现出辉煌璀璨的气象。每个国家都应秉持包容、俱进心态,不断坚实自身底蕴、汲取其他文明优长,以不断丰润自我精神。这也是分析和研究世界上十个大国战略文化得出的一个重要结论。
本书中介绍的最后一个国家是以色列,用了“新年砥砺的安危进取”来作为题目,犹太
是一个多灾多难的民族,以色列也是一个小国中的大国,作者将其战略文化总结为一下几点:
“流离失所的苦难历程催生了强烈的国家意识”
“长期的战争环境催生了浓烈的战争意识”
“古老的犹太文明孕育了强烈的民族认同感”
“优良的教育传统酝酿了春后的知识氛围”
“严酷的生存环境催生了坚韧和创新的的民族精神品格”
犹太是一个可敬的名族,他的这种战略文化也是值得我们学习的。中华民族有历史的积淀,如何经传统的文化精髓与名族精神结合在一起形成中华民族的战略文化是值得我们去深思探索的。
第二篇:关于书评和读后感
关于书评和读后感
王长来
上周给学生布置的题目是写一篇读书笔记,为了开阔思路,并没有如以往一般要求是去读名著名家的作品,只说写你喜欢的书。然而交上来的东西却让我有些失望,转而深思。一贯以来我们总是板着面孔作文,名著也不是不好,名家也不是不值得去研究,然而对于学生来说,却总是如同咸亨酒店的气氛,让人活泼不得,长久下来竟成了写读书笔记的规矩。这次有意让学生放开了写,绝大部分同学还是端着一本正经的架子,满纸慷慨激昂,或者“深思”,又或者“感动”,却未必见到真情实感。甚至如学生最喜爱的武侠、奇幻、言情之类的感想,也多写得八股文一般,让人哭笑不得。
其实读后感真的不应该刻意要求什么,读后感应该是一个人读书之后记录下的感想,别人怎么可以评价自己的心情?所以我只能说一些读后感(评论)讨巧的写法,并不觉得这是读后感的正途。
首先是观点。要想引人注目,标题要好,观点要劲爆。当然不是要你胡编乱造,而是在逻辑的基础上注重一个新字。越是好的,越为众人熟悉,你讲个平平淡淡的观点,只怕首先输掉一半。观点新而
有力,别人才有看的欲望。可以参考下这类题目,比如林妹妹是万贯家财,比如韦小宝是个帅哥,首先就让人有瞅上一眼的欲望。
有了观点,论证一定要有力,千万不能让感情控制住自己的笔。就像一个MM,你在寝室成天叨念美啊漂亮啊,一脸陶醉。兄弟们都想听听咋个漂亮法,你又不说,翻来覆去就是一句真漂亮啊,非被打死。写评写一样,不能老把观点拿出来说,感情冲动之时下笔往往是情感的激荡而忽略了细节,建议稍稍平静下再写。
论证的时候,要么大量引用书中原句和情节,微言大义地分析,要么就是揣度人物心理性格,一切分析合情合理,自然能说服读者相信你的观点。如果能让他们觉得“原来如此,我怎么没想到”,那文章就成功了。
但观点不是时时都能出新,里面的句子也早被人用滥,人家的心得评论写得比原著多了不知多少,比如《四书》《红楼梦》,那就剩两样:感情和文笔。
不能说理了,咱就抒情吧。也是那千古流传人尽皆知的主题,只要文笔得当,大家还是愿意随着你的文字去重温旧梦。除了情,穿插着书中的情节,将那些大家都知道唯独书中人物当局者迷的东西说出来,就像读者自己在说一般。不是每个人都有能力写出自己所思所想,有人帮他说了,自然舒服。
这是相当考验文字能力的。因为大众化的感情观点人人可以写,只有人家文笔没你好,你抒出去的情能引起共鸣,别人的不可以时候,你才能不泯然众人。
还有一种方式,就是用理论去解析文章。个人来说,我并不喜好这种文章。一是分析需要很多理论去支撑,高中阶段很难掌握这么多条条条框框,若是少少的,又难免班门弄斧之嫌,更怕用得不当被老师认为半罐水响叮当。另外,你要知道读你文章的人也不一定就知道那么多理论,或许看了会佩服会觉得高深,但不一定喜欢。同样的,你喜欢历史小说还是历史课本?再者,理论未免枯燥,很难引起读者共鸣,人家想来找知己说说心里话,结果遇上一堆看不懂的东西,怕是又会损失一批支持者了。
自然,用这个要求衡量学生作文有些偏高,然而我们总是要给出一个方向,避免这连篇累牍地歌功颂德。那些名家名篇未必需要你去赞扬什么,而我却希望你们在读书的时候,得到一点属于自己的东西。
第三篇:《红字》书评 读后感
Book Review Of The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter offered an extraordinary thinsight into the norms andbehavior of the 17
century in American Puritan society.The female who gave birth to a baby out of wedlock would be jailed for three months and sentenced to wear a symbol of her adultery—a scarlet “A” on her dress all the time.It concerned about the moral, emotional and psyschological effect of sin on people in general.It was not a simply love story but a story of sin.The Scarlet letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne used the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness ofPuritan society, showing that how they branded sinners for life.thThe story happened in Boston in 17 century.It narrated love affairs between three person, One was the punished woman Hester Prynne, the other was his husband who called himself Roger Chillingworth.He was an old misshappen man and a doctor.Hester did not love him at all.Another man was a young minister, Dimmesdale, who had a high position
among ministers and was highly respected among his people in town.Hester and Dimmesdale loved each other.But their love was forbidden at that time.It was sinful.Due to this, Hester was punished by society with a letter A on her chest, which considered an evil and a shame.In this novel, the mainline seemd to be around the letter A.Hester was brave enough to face the cruel reality.She was always with a mind of courage.She had been alone with her child for so long, with little communication.Shame!Hopelessness!Loneliness!Hester had to wear the letter A day after day, seven years as for punishment and ill fame.When a woman had lived through a difficult experience, her character changed a great deal.If she been all tenderness, she would die.If she survived, the tenderness would leave her.Hester‟s charitable deeds and quite humility had earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community.The letter on her chest represented
her work on earth, always helping others, without excepting any thanks.Never afterwards, did that scarlet letter leave her chest.The townspeople no longer view the letter as a punishment, but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and they said it means „Able‟.But Arthur Dimmesdale, his sin against Hester and Pearl was that he would not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight.He kept his dreadful secret from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress, what's worse, he was an advisor to the townspeople about their sins.After Mr.Dimmesdale‟s death, no one changed more in appearance than Roger Chillingworth.All his strength and energy had been used to harm his patient.This unhappy man aimed to add to the suffering of the young minister.When the evil old man no longer had such a purpose, the devil took him back to the hell.It is a curious subject of observation,however, whether hatred or love are not of the same place.Each takes a great deal of emotion from one person.The two feelings seem basically the same, except that one is smiled upon by God, while the other is worshipped by the devil.The two lovers had ever decided to flee to Europe, where they could live with their daughter Pearl as a family.They felt a sense of release there.However, their plan failed.When Hester died, she was buried next to Dimmesdale.The two shared a single tombstone with a deep colored letter A shining brightly.What stuck me when I read this, and remains with me today,is that it is those who presume to punish sin who are the real sinners, Chillingworth‟s life is one devoid of human feeling, devoid of any real joy as he lies in the stone cold bed of hatred and revenge.And to a lesser extent so it is with Dimmesdale who cannot forgive himself, who secretly flagellates himself so that his life becomes a hell on earth.On the other hand there is Hester who finds forgiveness and love with good works and in the jioy of her beautiful and precious Pearl and in her unstinting love for Dimmesdale and her hope and faith that a better life will come.09英语2班
邓楚欣
第四篇:《边城》读后感 书评(推荐)
教育科学学院12级教育技术学121214057
朱思杰
《边城》书评
《边城》书评
初读沈从文先生的《边城》,感觉特别的乏味,因为有太多描写湘西“茶峒”小山城的风景人文的文字,对于开头这样没有情节的文字,我大多都会失去兴趣的,小溪、摆渡的倔强的老人,他的美丽乖巧的孙女翠翠,还有一只黄狗,就是这些吸引力我继续读下去的,另外还有一个很凄美的关于老人女儿和士兵的爱情故事,我想接下来在这些人身上一定会发生很美妙的故事。
是的,后来的故事很美,或许这美丽的边城,就应该配着这样的凄美的爱情故事,“这个人也许永远不回来了,也许明天回来!”,最后只剩下翠翠自己一人和不是原来的船的船,和一段曾经美好的回忆掺杂着几分伤痛。
故事的开始源于端午节,在这个小城里显得尤为热闹,也正是有了这个节日,才有了后面故事情节的发展。翠翠在去城里看龙舟赛的时候,因为找不到爷爷就在岸边等到天黑,碰到了下水捉鸭子的二老,一句“大鱼会吃掉你”,成了翠翠以后长久的回忆。又一次的端午节去城里,认识了大老,大老把捉来的肥鸭子送给了翠翠。城里的船长顺顺的这两个儿子,大的叫做大老,小的叫做二老,都是当地数一数二的青年,故事情节就是这样的曲折,两个兄弟同时爱上了这个守渡船的老人的孙女翠翠。翠翠早就心有所属了,从第一次见二老回家后,心里就泛起了涟漪了。我在想倘若他们的爱情发生在现在这个年代,或许是一个圆满的结局,但是就是在那样的一个地方的那个岁月里,他们的爱情都是默默地不敢张扬,守渡的老人想让车翠翠自己选择,而翠翠却是害羞的,自己的心里事情直到后来老人才明了,可是已经晚了,大老走了。大老的去世是故事的转折点,懵懂的爱情逐渐清晰,可是物是人非,船长顺顺和二老一直把大老的死归结于摆渡老人的迟疑上。后来因为他们父子二人态度的转变,老人内心情绪挤压,在一场暴风雨的夜晚去世了。
本以为老人的离去会为故事带来好的结局,我并不为老人的离去感到伤心,这时候理所当然的应该翠翠和二老在一起,可是,也许我想的太过于天真了吧!有些事情一旦发生就会改变一个人的态度,船总虽性情豪爽,可不愿意间接把第一个儿子弄死的女孩子,又来做第二个儿子的媳妇。于是二老同爸爸吵了一阵后跟着船走了,“这个人也许永远不回来了,也许明天回来!”故事就这样结束了,看起来却又好像刚刚开始。
有人说:如果把各种书籍比喻成各式的饮品,那么,《边城》就是一杯白开水,透明、纯粹,不含任何杂质。入口的感觉虽然总是淡淡的,但你不会厌倦,反而,会在一次一次的品饮中体会到她与众不同的风味。而我觉得他是一杯茶,初入口,平淡中略带香味,仔细品味后越觉清香有味,最后意犹未尽,意味深长。有人说,看了《边城》便想去凤凰;有人说,去了凤凰,便想看《边城》。我呢,看完了边城,并没有想去凤凰,或许是因为我太在意这个故事而忽略了风景的美好,凤凰城固然美丽,但是加上沈先生的故事,会有另一番的韵味,会更美,或许,以爱情的名义,在这边城,发现自然,淳朴,宽仁,勇敢,等待,善和美,真与爱。
读完《边城》,脑海里还是停留在赛龙舟的那个岸边,那个岸边的吊脚楼,那条小溪,那只渡船和一个美丽的姑娘在等待它的心上人,不知道会不会等到,但是这样的等待是带着些许希望的,有希望才会告诉自己“也许明天”!
第五篇:《紫色》书评 读后感
Reviews of The Color Purple
As a girl, Celie, struggles through life while she slowly matures into a woman, she discovers the irony and hatred associated with life.This woman's life — her personal journal forms the incredibly well written story, The Color Purple.However, this story's meaningful content comes with a price: graphic sexual content and inappropriate language.Putting this aspect aside, The Color Purple's interesting plot twist kept me hooked throughout the story;I wanted to keep reading, and read I did, until I felt too tired to keep my eyes open.The Color Purple informs readers of the harsh lives of African American women who lived in the early 1900's.Terrible examples of the discrimination they received permeate this story, but they help to convey the author's message: no matter what happens, if you have hope, you will get through the tough times.Celie, the protagonist in this book, sets an example for everyone in the world today.Her husband constantly abuses her mentally, physically, and sexually;yet she never gives up hope, never stops dreaming of a better life, and in the end she learns how to live, learn, and love.After I finished reading this story, I began to appreciate many of the possessions I once took for granted.I finally
realized the cold hard reality of pain in this world, and even though I may think I can't live through another day, compared to many other people, my problems are non-existent.09英语2班
邓楚欣 Chrisdina