第一篇：汉英法律专业词汇
汉英法律专业词汇（法理）
按照法律规定according to law
比较法comparative law
必然因果关系positive causal relationship
边缘法学borderline jurisprudence
补救办法remedial measures
不成文法unwritten law
不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated 不可抗力 force majeure
不可让与性inalienability
不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation
不作为abstain from an act;act of omission
部门法department law
部门规章regulation
成文法 written law
成文宪法 written constitution
冲突法 conflict of laws
除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated(by this law)除外责任条款 exclusion clause
触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests
从权利 accessory right
达到法定年龄 come of age
大陆法系 Continental Legal System
单行法规 specific regulations
单一制政府 unitary government
当然解释 natural interpretation
道德规范norm of morality
道德义务 moral obligation
《德国民法典》German Civil code
法的本质 the nature of law
法的变化changes of law
法的定义definition of law
法的发展development of law
法的分类 divisions of law
法的概念concepts of law
法的规范作用normalized usage of law
法的继承succession of law
法律的失效lapse of law
法律的实施law enforcement
法律的适用application of law
法律的统一 unification of law
法律的推定 presumption of law
法律的推理 analogy of law
法律的效力范围 force’s scale of law
法律的修改alteration of law
法律的原理 principle of law
法律地位平等equal in legal status
法律对人的效力personal act of law
法律概念 legal concept
法律关系legal relation
法律关系客体 object of legal relation
法律关系主体 subject of legal relation
法律规定provisions of law
法律规范norm of law
法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule
法律规则体系 system of legal rules
法律含义 intendment of law
法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law
法律现象legal phenomenon
法律要件 legal requirement
法律意识 law-consciousness
法律意义 legal sense
法律用语 legal language
法律渊源 source of law
法律原理 legal doctrines
法律原则 principle of legality
法律约束 legal binding;legal restraint
法律责任 legal responsibility
法律责任的归结 imputation of legal responsibility
法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility
法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility
法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility
法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility
法律哲学 philosophy of law
法律制裁 legal sanction
法律制度legal system
法律秩序 legal order
法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law
法系 legal system
法学方法 method of jurisprudence
法学院 faculty of law;law school
法院 court
法院调查 judicial investigation
法院管辖权 competence of court
法院判决 court decision
法制观念 legal concept
法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law
法治 rule of law
否决权 power veto;veto power
否认事实 denial of facts
服从法律 amenable to law;subject to the law
服从判决 accept a judgment
符合程序 be in order
刚性宪法 rigid constitution
高级人民法院 Higher People’s Court
高级人民检察院 Higher People’s Procuratortate
规避法律 in fraud of law
规避义务 evade obligations
规范性法律文件 normalizative document of law
国际法international law
过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption
过错责任 liability for wrongs;tort liability
海事法院 court of admiralty
合法的个人财产 legal personal property
合法地位 legal status
合法权益 the lawful rights and interests
合法行为 lawful acts;legality of purpose
衡平法 equity
衡平法院 Court of Chancery(美)；Court of Equity（英）
后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.基本法 fundamental law
基本法律规范 basic norm of law
基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties
建立法律关系create legal relations
教会法 canon law
经常居住地：habitual residence
经法律许可 authorized by law
具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity
君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy
可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act
可让与性 alienability
可预见的 foreseeable
可追溯的 retrospective
客观条件 objective condition
客观因素 objective factor
客体 object
扩充解释 amplified interpretation
历史解释 historical interpretation
立法机构legislative body
立法权 law-making power;legislative power
利害关系人interested person
连带法律关系 joint legal relations
连带责任 joint and several obligation
论理解释 logical interpretation
罗马法Roman Law
逻辑解释 logical interpretation
马克思主义法学 Marxist jurisprudence
没有事实根据的 unsubstantial
美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts
美国联邦法官 federal judge
没有法律依据的 lawless
没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression
民法典 civil code
民法法系Civil-Law System
民法通则：The General Principles of the Civil Law
民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights
民事权益：civil rights and interests
民事制裁 civil punishment;civil sanction
明示或默示的 express or implied
偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship
偶然因素 accidentalia
排他的权利 right to exclude all others
派生的权利 derived right
派生取得 derivative acquisition
判例法系 Case Law System
普通法法系 Common-Law System
普通法 common law
强制性法规 mandatory rule of law
强制性条款 mandatory term
侵犯财产权 property torts
侵权行为法 tort law
侵权责任 tortious liability
确认之诉 action for confirmation
人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations
人身关系 personal relation
任意解释 arbitrary interpretation
柔性宪法 flexible constitution
商法 commercial law
社会关系 social relations
社会主义法制 socialist legal system;socialist rule of law
生效条款 operative clause
失效法律 expired laws
失效日 expiry date
施行细则 implementary provisions
实体权利 substantive right
实在法 positive law
实质条款 material stipulation
适用法律 reference to the law;applicable law
适用范围 area of application;sphere of application
适用中国法律：be governed by the law of PRC(The law of PRC shall apply to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity
溯及力 retrospect;retrospective effect
损害赔偿 damages
特别程序 special procedure
特别法 special law
特殊主体 special subject
提案motion;overture;proposal
停止生效cease to have effect
外国法 foreign law
完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct
完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction 完全无行为能力 absolute disability
违法构成要件 essential condition of delict
违宪 violation of constitution
无国籍人stateless persons
无效的法律 void law
无效法律行为 void act;act without legal effect
习惯法custom law
狭义解释 narrow definition
第二篇：文化体制改革词汇(汉英对照)
文化体制改革词汇（中英对照）
文化自觉 cultural self-awareness
文化人才 the talented pool for cultural development
文化复兴 a cultural renaissance
文化生产力 cultural productive forces
文化软实力 cultural soft power
民族凝聚力 national cohesion
加强诚信建设 to promote integrity in the civil society
文化体制改革 cultural system reform
国家荣誉制度 the national awards system
文化发展格局 cultural development framework
文化惠民工程 a cultural project benefiting the people
外向型文化企业 outward-oriented cultural enterprises
公益性文化事业 non-profit cultural undertaking
经营性文艺演出 commercial theatrical performance
社会主义荣辱观 socialist values of honor and disgrace
“文化兴国战略” the strategy of invigorating China through culture
公共文化服务体系 civil cultural service system
文化行政管理体制 cultural administrative system
先进的社会主义文化 advanced socialist culture
社会主义核心价值体系 system of socialist code values
建设社会主义文化强国 to build a strong nation of socialist culture
保障人民基本文化权益 to guarantee people’s basic cultural rights and interests深化国有文化单位改革 to deepen the reform of state-owned cultural institutes做大做强新闻传媒产业 to make a healthy and powerful news media industry发展健康向上的网络文化 to develop a healthy Internet culture
经营性文化单位转企改制 the transformation of state-owned cultural institutes 建设优秀传统文化传承体系 to establish a system for passing on China’s splendid traditional culture
中国特色社会主义共同理想 the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics寻求解决文化问题的政治路径 to seek a political resolution to cultural issues 加强职业道德建设和作风建设 to cultivate professional ethics and elegant manners 人民喜闻乐见的优秀文艺作品 excellent literal and artistic works popular with the masses 贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众 close to reality, close to life, and close to the people
第三篇：汉英口译分类词汇(08)--经济金融词汇
汉英口译分类词汇(08)--经济金融词汇.txt单身很痛苦，单身久了更痛苦，前几天我看见一头母猪，都觉得它眉清目秀的什么叫残忍？ 是男人，我就打断他三条腿；是公狗，我就打断它五条腿！汉英口译分类词汇汉英口译分类词汇（08）--经济金融词汇 不景气 slump（衰退 recession）二板市场 the second board market 中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs(initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 内部股（非上市招股）private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律风险 legal risk 风险管理 risk management 坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大风险 risks in 6 key areas(U.S.Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk 供给学派 supply-side economist 第一产业（农业）agriculture(primary industry)第二产业（工业）manufacturing industry(secondary industry)第三产业（服务业）service industry(tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators 国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product（商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 扩大内需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds 支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds 财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt 按原口径计算 calculate on the base line 按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price 按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price 列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales 经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi(RMB)business 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押贷款 collateralised loans 住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive 大规模生产 mass production 经济林 cash tree 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk 操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 抛售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies 中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中国银行 Bank of china 中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China 中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商银行 China Merchants Bank 疲软股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 实际增长率 growth rate in real terms 年均增长率 average growth rate per annum 投资回报率 rate of return on investment 外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value 实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital(investment)in place 消费价格指数 consumer price index(CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index（RPI）
生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost 生活费用 income available for living expenses 扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit 恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例）Engel coefficient 基尼系数（衡量地区差别）Gini coefficient 购买力平价法 purchasing power parity(PPP)（衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）
片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy 通货膨胀 inflation 实体经济 the real economy 经济规律 laws of economics 市场调节 market regulation 优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale 劳动密集型 labor intensive 市场风险 market risk 收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy 适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy 信用紧缩 credit crunch 加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector 适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products 国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises 私营企业 private businesses 民营企业 privately-run businesses 中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资）overseas-invested enterprises;foreign-invested enterprises(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits 货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游资 absorb idle fund 经常性贷款 commercial lending 经常性支出 operating expenses 再贷款 re-lending;subloan 支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC)深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 综合指数 composite index 纳斯达克（高技术企业板）NASDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市场 the main board 通货紧缩 deflation 中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980;people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries 与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy 中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play 扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints 放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions(in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革 intensify reform;deepen one’s commitment to reform 配套改革 supporting(concomitant)reforms 配套资金 counterpart funds;local funding of 提高经济效益 improve economic performance;increase economic returns 讲求社会效益 value contribution to society;pay attention to social effect 加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth 利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes 债转股 debt-to-equity swap 头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）in an easy position(tight position)朝阳产业 sunrise industry 招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy 实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy 向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注资 recapitalization 放松银根 to ease monetary policy 信息经济 IT economy 外向型经济 export-oriented economy 信息时代 information age 全球化 globalization（全球性globality）信誉风险 reputational risk 风险评级 risk rating 到期不还贷 default on a loan 资不抵债 insolvency;be insolvent 亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis(1997-98)投资（贷款）组合 investment(loan)portfolio 外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves 中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China 储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises, 国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions 不良贷款 non-performing loans 防范和化解金融风险 address financial risks 提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 监事会 supervisory board 实行谨慎会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards 五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach 金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies 分离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale 规范金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 政策性银行 state policy-related bank 国家发展银行 State Development Bank 知识经济 knowledge-based economy 网络经济 Internet-based networked economy 指导性计划 guidance plan 社会主义市场经济（中国）socialist market economy 社会市场经济（德国）social market economy 新经济（美国）new economy 中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China 中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank 汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation(HKSBC)金融监管 financial supervision 中国人民银行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China 商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks 保险法 Law of Insurance 证券法 Law of Securities 巴塞尔原则 Basel Core Principles 监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention 事前监管 proactive regulation and supervision account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机 to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存单 deposit book, passbook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 双签 to endorse 背书 endorser 背书人 to cash 兑现
to honor a check 兑付 to dishonor a check 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 check 支票
check book 支票本 order check 记名支票 bearer check 不记名支票 crossed check 横线支票 blank check 空白支票 rubber check 空头支票
check stub, counterfoil 票根 cash check 现金支票
traveler's check 旅行支票 check for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding check 未付支票 canceled check 已付支票 forged check 伪支票
Bandar's note 庄票，银票 banker 银行家 president 行长
savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I'Indo Chine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行 bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行
issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行
associate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司
trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company)商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行
construction bank 建设银行
industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行
post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行
import and export bank(EXIMBANK)进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 business accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计
depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐
subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐
journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余
idle capital 游资
economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣
economic recession 经济衰退 economic depression 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值
international balance of payment 国际收支 favorable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货
international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note issue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算
national gross product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券
treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链
direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇 indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇 cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率
foreign currency(exchange)reserve 外汇储备 foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动 foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机 discount 贴现
discount rate, bank rate 贴现率 gold reserve 黄金储备
money(financial)market 金融市场 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 经纪人 commission 佣金 bookkeeping 簿记 bookkeeper 簿记员
an application form 申请单 bank statement 对帐单 letter of credit 信用证 strong room, vault 保险库 equitable tax system 等价税则 specimen signature 签字式样
banking hours, business hours 营业时间 share, equity, stock 股票、股权 negotiable share 可流通股份
treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券
closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金 market capitalization 市值 mark-to-market 逐日盯市
clearing and settlement 清算/结算 put / call option 看跌/看涨期权 rights issue/offering 配股
ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证 GDR(Global Depository Receipt)全球存托凭证/存股证 institutional investor 机构投资者 proprietary trading 自营 market manipulation 市场操纵
IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行 securities 证券 premium 溢价
share capital 股本
composite index 综合指数 capital market 资本市场 liquidity 流通性
highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)高杠杆交易机构 subscribe 申购 underwriter承销商 road show 路演
primary market 一级市场
information disclosure 信息披露 blue chips 蓝筹股
gilt-edged bond 金边债券 rating agency 评级机构 credit trading 信用交易
open/close a position 建/平仓 bond, debenture, debts 债券 convertible bond 可转换债券 corporate bond 企业债券 fund manager 基金经理/管理公司 fund custodian bank 基金托管银行 p/e(price/earning)ratio 市盈率 payment versus delivery 银券交付
commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品 margins, collateral 保证金 bonus share 红股 dividend 红利/股息
retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户 broker/dealer 券商
insider trading/dealing 内幕交易 prospectus招股说明书
merger and acquisition收购兼并 warrant 认股权证
raised capital/proceeds 筹资 component index 成份指数 turnover rate 换手率 monetary market 货币市场 hedge fund 对冲基金
self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织 issuer 发行人
intermediary 中介机构
secondary listing 第二上市 secondary market 二级市场
controlling shareholder 控股股东 red chips红筹股 junk bond 立即债券 securities loan 融券 financing 融资 回首页
第四篇：汉英口译分类词汇(08)--经济金融词汇
汉英口译分类词汇汉英口译分类词汇（08）--经济金融词汇 不景气 slump（衰退 recession）二板市场 the second board market 中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs(initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 内部股（非上市招股）private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律风险 legal risk 风险管理 risk management 坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大风险 risks in 6 key areas(U.S.Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk 供给学派 supply-side economist 第一产业（农业）agriculture(primary industry)第二产业（工业）manufacturing industry(secondary industry)第三产业（服务业）service industry(tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators 国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product（商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 扩大内需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds 支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds 财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt 按原口径计算 calculate on the base line 按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price 按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price 列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales 经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi(RMB)business 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押贷款 collateralised loans 住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive 大规模生产 mass production 经济林 cash tree 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk 操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 抛售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies 中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中国银行 Bank of china 中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China 中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商银行 China Merchants Bank 疲软股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 实际增长率 growth rate in real terms 年均增长率 average growth rate per annum 投资回报率 rate of return on investment 外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value 实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital(investment)in place 消费价格指数 consumer price index(CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index（RPI）
生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost 生活费用 income available for living expenses 扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit 恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例）Engel coefficient 基尼系数（衡量地区差别）Gini coefficient 购买力平价法 purchasing power parity(PPP)（衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）
片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy 通货膨胀 inflation 实体经济 the real economy 经济规律 laws of economics 市场调节 market regulation 优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale 劳动密集型 labor intensive 市场风险 market risk 收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy 适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy 信用紧缩 credit crunch 加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector 适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products 国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises 私营企业 private businesses 民营企业 privately-run businesses 中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资）overseas-invested enterprises;foreign-invested enterprises(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits 货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游资 absorb idle fund 经常性贷款 commercial lending 经常性支出 operating expenses 再贷款 re-lending;subloan 支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC)深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 综合指数 composite index 纳斯达克（高技术企业板）NASDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市场 the main board 通货紧缩 deflation 中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980;people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries 与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy 中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play 扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints 放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions(in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革 intensify reform;deepen one’s commitment to reform 配套改革 supporting(concomitant)reforms 配套资金 counterpart funds;local funding of 提高经济效益 improve economic performance;increase economic returns 讲求社会效益 value contribution to society;pay attention to social effect 加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth 利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes 债转股 debt-to-equity swap 头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）in an easy position(tight position)朝阳产业 sunrise industry 招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy 实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy 向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注资 recapitalization 放松银根 to ease monetary policy 信息经济 IT economy 外向型经济 export-oriented economy 信息时代 information age 全球化 globalization（全球性globality）信誉风险 reputational risk 风险评级 risk rating 到期不还贷 default on a loan 资不抵债 insolvency;be insolvent 亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis(1997-98)投资（贷款）组合 investment(loan)portfolio 外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves 中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China 储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises, 国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions 不良贷款 non-performing loans 防范和化解金融风险 address financial risks 提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 监事会 supervisory board 实行谨慎会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards 五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach 金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies 分离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale 规范金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 政策性银行 state policy-related bank 国家发展银行 State Development Bank 知识经济 knowledge-based economy 网络经济 Internet-based networked economy 指导性计划 guidance plan 社会主义市场经济（中国）socialist market economy 社会市场经济（德国）social market economy 新经济（美国）new economy 中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China 中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank 汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation(HKSBC)金融监管 financial supervision 中国人民银行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China 商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks 保险法 Law of Insurance 证券法 Law of Securities 巴塞尔原则 Basel Core Principles 监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention 事前监管 proactive regulation and supervision account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机 to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存单 deposit book, passbook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 双签 to endorse 背书 endorser 背书人 to cash 兑现 to honor a check 兑付 to dishonor a check 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 check 支票
check book 支票本 order check 记名支票 bearer check 不记名支票 crossed check 横线支票 blank check 空白支票 rubber check 空头支票
check stub, counterfoil 票根 cash check 现金支票
traveler's check 旅行支票 check for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding check 未付支票 canceled check 已付支票 forged check 伪支票
Bandar's note 庄票，银票 banker 银行家 president 行长
savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I'Indo Chine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行 bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行
issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行
associate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司
trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company)商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行
construction bank 建设银行
industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行
post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行
import and export bank(EXIMBANK)进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 business accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计
depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐
subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐
journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余
idle capital 游资
economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣
economic recession 经济衰退 economic depression 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值
international balance of payment 国际收支 favorable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货
international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note issue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算
national gross product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券
treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链
direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇 indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇 cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率
foreign currency(exchange)reserve 外汇储备 foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动 foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机 discount 贴现
discount rate, bank rate 贴现率 gold reserve 黄金储备
money(financial)market 金融市场 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 经纪人 commission 佣金 bookkeeping 簿记 bookkeeper 簿记员
an application form 申请单 bank statement 对帐单 letter of credit 信用证 strong room, vault 保险库 equitable tax system 等价税则 specimen signature 签字式样
banking hours, business hours 营业时间 share, equity, stock 股票、股权 negotiable share 可流通股份
treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券
closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金 market capitalization 市值 mark-to-market 逐日盯市
clearing and settlement 清算/结算 put / call option 看跌/看涨期权 rights issue/offering 配股
ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证 GDR(Global Depository Receipt)全球存托凭证/存股证 institutional investor 机构投资者 proprietary trading 自营 market manipulation 市场操纵
IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行 securities 证券 premium 溢价
share capital 股本
composite index 综合指数 capital market 资本市场 liquidity 流通性
highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)高杠杆交易机构 subscribe 申购 underwriter承销商 road show 路演
primary market 一级市场
information disclosure 信息披露 blue chips 蓝筹股
gilt-edged bond 金边债券 rating agency 评级机构 credit trading 信用交易
open/close a position 建/平仓 bond, debenture, debts 债券 convertible bond 可转换债券 corporate bond 企业债券
fund manager 基金经理/管理公司 fund custodian bank 基金托管银行 p/e(price/earning)ratio 市盈率 payment versus delivery 银券交付
commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品 margins, collateral 保证金 bonus share 红股 dividend 红利/股息
retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户 broker/dealer 券商
insider trading/dealing 内幕交易 prospectus招股说明书
merger and acquisition收购兼并 warrant 认股权证
raised capital/proceeds 筹资 component index 成份指数 turnover rate 换手率 monetary market 货币市场 hedge fund 对冲基金
self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织 issuer 发行人
intermediary 中介机构
secondary listing 第二上市 secondary market 二级市场
controlling shareholder 控股股东 red chips红筹股 junk bond 立即债券 securities loan 融券 financing 融资 回首页
第五篇：专业词汇
企业风险管理员相关概念
一、企业全面风险管理的概念：
企业全面风险管理是指企业在实现未来战略目标的过程中，试图将各类不确定因素产生的结果控制在预期可接受范围内的方法和过程，以确保和促进组织的整体利益实现。
二、企业全面风险管理的意义：
企业全面风险管理的使命，即是：弱势最小化管理，即防卫性损失最小化管理；管理不确定性；绩效最优化管理。从而达到企业在制定和实施战略目标的过程中把风险控制在可接受水平的方法和过程，以保障和促进企业目标的实现。
三、风险的分类：
1）依风险承担主体可划分为：个体风险（个人和家庭风险）、企业风险和公共风险（或国家风险）
2）依风险所涉及范围划分为：基本风险和特定风险
基本风险：自然、社会、经济或政治等风险的组合风险。其形成一般需要一定的时间积累，往往呈现出人类或个体难以控制或不可控制。
特定风险：与特定的社会个体有因果关系的风险，如恐怖袭击、偷盗、法律起诉等
3）依风险的损失形态划分为：财产风险。人身风险和责任风险
4）依是否获利划分为：纯粹风险和投机风险
纯粹风险：指那些只有损失而无获利可能性的风险
投机风险：那些既有损失可能又有获利可能的风险，如市场风险，投资风险、开放新产品风险等。
四、风险相关概念
1）风险:事项可能性和其结果可能性的组合。
2）风险偏好：企业在制定和实现战略目标过程中愿意承担的风险数量。
3）风险容忍度：又称风险容限或风险承受度，指一个企业在实现未来目标的过程中所
能够接受的与目标的偏离度，或者说是指企业希望接受何种程度的波
动可能性与损失暴露。
4）危机：具有严重威胁、不确定性和由危机感的情景。危机是一种风险，但风险不一定
转化为危机。
五、企业风险管理员在企业风险管理中的岗位与作用
在典型的大型企业中风险管理员的工作岗位主要分布在三至四个管理层面，在风险管理师或风险经理的指导下每日具体执行风险管理的任务。而在小企业中风险管理员有可能被直接任命为专职/兼职风险经理或被委任为风险责任人等角色。
1）在企业层面的风险管理部
2）在企业的业务单位层面
3）作为企业风险责任人的工作助理
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