第一篇:完成句子常见题型
完成句子常见题型
一.时态和语态 在写信)when I came to his house yesterday.(write)戴起来舒服)。(wear)发生了)in my hometown in the past ten years.(take)注意)him.(take)
5.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympic 竣工)by 2008.(complete)追溯到)the 16th century.(date)
7.寻找)gold in the hill, and even now many don’t give it up.(search)学习)advanced mathematics.(learn)那么情况将大不相同).(difference)不允许)into hotels, schools , or libraries at all at that time.(allow)
二.虚拟语气
1.早点来),you would have seen the star.(come)
(不能完成)it.(finish)明天出发).(set)
没有犯那个错误).(make)我努力学习)when I was in senior middle school.(study)要涨工资)are turned down.(raise)好象他是她的亲生儿子似的).(be)带手机)when you go out traveling.(take)
三.非谓语
(1)作状语
1.The headmaster worked late into the night,(为….准备演讲稿)the next day’s meeting.(prepare)被心脏病困扰)for ten years, he knew clearly what trouble Joan was in.(suffer)从山顶上看), the whole city looks very beautiful.(see)穿着潜水服), he dived into the deep sea.(dress)结果发现火车已经离开了).(find)留下我一人在家).(leave)被这部电影感动), I burst into tears.(move)懂的英语不多), I found it hard to understand them.(know)
(2)作定语
1.I’带去)to the laundry?(take)1
去年开放的)is very popular among the students.(open)
3.The issue(正在讨论的)now at the meeting is very important.(discuss)
4.The building _to be completed next month_(下个月竣工的)will be used as a hospital.(complete)住的)and little food to eat.(live)同格林先生聊天的)is the manager of the travel agency.(chat)
(3)补语
1.When you hang wet clothes near a fire, you will see steam ________________________(从潮湿的衣服上升起)
2.In a completely strange country you will find it difficult ____________________(使人懂你的意思).(yourself)
3.The workers ____________________(被迫做)hard work over then hours a day.(make)
4.With so many people ________________________________________(用英语交流)every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.(communicate)
5.With ________________(水被加热), we can see the steam.(heat)
6.With so many problems _____________(要处理), he had to work late.(deal)
7.Mother gave me ten dollars, asking me _____________________(理发)before getting back home.(cut)
(4).宾语
1.Iwon’t go to the party without邀请).(invite)
(告诉)that the sports meet will be put off because of rain.(tell).走上学)instead of by bike.(walk).(我坐在这里)?(sit).5.My younger brother ______________________________(沉迷于玩游戏)since my family bought a computer.(addict)
6..When Mother came in, he _______________________(假装在睡觉).(pretend)
四.情态动词
1.It _______________________________(不可能是他设计的)by him.Mr.Smith is now in Canada.(can)
2.It ______________________________(一定下雨了)last night.The playground is still wet.(must)
3.Hurry up!They ________________________(可能在等我们).(may)
4.I _____________________________(本不应该把这件事告诉他).(should)
5.It __________________________(不可能是)a pleasant trip because the car was too crowded.(be)
6.He can’t ___________(在学习)now.I saw him playing basketball at the playground just now.五.从句
1.____________________________________(我们将如何制订这项计划)has been explained clearly by the teacher.(plan)
2.__________________________(最令我感到惊讶的是)was that he could understand several foreign languages.(surprise)
3.The news _____________________________________(我们对比赛获胜)spread very quickly.(win)
4.The question is _____________________________(他是否说了实话)(truth)
5.She has two sons , ________________(他们都)are studying abroad.(both)
6.Ang Lee won the best director of Oscar, _____________________________(这令华人感到骄
傲).(which)
7.________________________________(无论它花多少钱), he is going to buy the car.(cost)
8.The reason why he was late was _____________________________(因为他的车坏了).(break)
六.it句型, there be句型,1.It is hard ___________________________________(懒人谋生).(living)
2.___________________________(众所周知)that paper was first made in China.(know)
3.It is no use ___________________________(与他争论).(argue)
4.It was the manager __________________________(该为这个事故受责备).(blame)
5.It is the first time _________________________(我第一次到北京)(be)
6.___________________________(难怪)he loves football games so much.7._________________________(据报道)the new movie will be forbidden in China.(report)
8._________________________(毫无疑问)we will stand by you.(doubt)
9.__________________________(没必要)to stay up too late.(need)
10._________________________(曾经有个医院)near my home.(used)
(没意义)in working on my PhD then.(be)
(不可否认)that the qualities of our living have improved a lot.(deny).七.其他特殊常见句型
1.____________________(尽管他还是个孩子),he has mastered a lot about the computer.(as)
2._____________________(很可能)he will accept our invitation and come to our party.(likely)
3.She _________________________(很可能会来).(likely)
4.Generally speaking , __________________________(你越勤奋),the greater progress you will make in your studies.(work)
5.In no way ___________________________________(我们在敌人面前投降).(give)
6.____________________________(我多么激动)to receive your e-mail last week.(excite)
7.The book is said __________________________(翻译)into dozens of languages in the last ten years.(translate)
8.______________________________(看来)everyone was delighted.(seem)
9.10.If you don’t go to the movies tonight, _________________(我也不去).(neither)
10._________________________________________(没过多久)before the wooden building was swallowed by the fire.(take)13.If you married me, I’14.I really don’
1.__________________________(在一个年轻人的搀扶下),the old man got on the bus.(support)
2.___________________________(一直没有收到),any letter from him for so long,I gave him a call.(receive)
3.__________________(作完后)his homework,he went out.(finish)
4._________________(和你相比),we still have a long way to go.(compare)
5.__________________(已经被告知了多次),he was able to deal with the new machine.(tell)
6.______________(遭遇)a heavy rain,he was all wet.(catch)
7.It will take you half an hour to get to the station,_____________(考虑到)traffic delays.(allow)
8.The Yellow River,___________________(被称为)“the mother river”,runs across China like a huge dragon.(say)
9.___________________(她被选中了)made us very happy.(choose)
10.The disease ____________(据相信)(to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human body.(believe)
11.You __________________(不应该离开)without any word.We have.We were worried about you.(should)
12.It _________________________(不可能被设计)by him.Mr.Smith is now in Canada.(design)
13.Mrs.Brown is looking for her purse.She thinks she _________________(一定是忘记了)it behind in the office yesterday.(must)
14.We visited a factory _________________(它曾是一所学校)when I was young.(used)
15.She has two sons,______________________(其中年纪小的那个)is now studying in the US.(young)
16.I did promise.But ______________________(是你)broke the promise first.(it)
17.I thought it an honour _________________________.(受邀请参加晚会)(invite)
18.It was Tom ___________________(偷了我的手表)(steal)
19.If ____________________(如果他昨天来了),I would have told him about it.(come)
20.The higher we go above the earth,__________________(越稀薄)the air is.(rare)
第二篇:常见句子练习经典题型
常见句子练习经典题型
陈述句改反问句练习陈述句改为反问句的方法:
1、将肯定句中的肯定词(是、能、会等)改为否定词(不是、不能、不会等)。
2、将否定句中的否定词(不是、不能、不会等)改为肯定词(是、能、会等)。
3、在肯定词或否定词前面加上“怎、怎么、难道、岂”等反问语气词。
4、句尾加上疑问助词“呢、吗”等,句末的句号改为问号。如:雷锋叔叔是我们学习的榜样。在改反问句时,将肯定词“是”改为否定词“不是”,在句首加上“难道”,句尾加上“吗”,句末的句号改为问号。这样,改成的反问句是:难道雷锋叔叔不是我们学习的榜样吗?
又如:我们不能浪费时间。在改反问句时,将否定词“不能”改为肯定词“能”,再在“能”前加上“怎么”,句尾加上“呢”,句号改为问号。改成的反问句是:我们怎么能浪费时间呢?
一、陈述句改为反问句练习。
1、这幅画是我们班蔡颖画的。
1、难道这幅画不是我们班蔡颖画的吗?
2、不好好学习,自然不能取得好成绩。
2、不好好学习,怎能取得好成绩呢?
3、对少数同学不守纪律的现象,我们不能不闻不问
3、对少数同学不守纪律的现象,我们怎能不闻不问呢?
4、那奔驰的列车正是我们祖国奋勇前进的象征。
4、难道那奔驰的列车不是我们祖国奋勇前进的象征吗?
5、功课没做完,不能去看电影。
5、功课没做完,怎么能去看电影呢?
6、不劳动,连棵花也养不活,这是真理。
6、不劳动,连棵花也养不活,难道这不是真理吗?
7、我们不能因为学习任务重而不参加体育活动。
7、我们怎能因为学习任务重而不参加体育活动呢?
8、没有革命先辈的流血牺牲,就没有我们今天的幸福生活。
8、没有革命先辈的流血牺牲,怎么会有我们今天的幸福生活呢?
9、小玲取得的优异成绩正是她勤奋学习的结果。
9、小玲取得的优异成绩不是她勤奋学习的结果吗?
10、我们不能被困难吓倒。
10、我们怎能被困难吓倒呢?
11、你们没看见过这样的总理。
11、难道你们见过这样的总理吗?
12、我的心绷紧紧的,这无法忍受。
12、我的心绷紧紧的,这怎么能忍受呢?
13、这潮湿冰冷的地面不能睡。
13、这潮湿冰冷的地面怎么能睡呢?
14、我们是学生,应该遵守学校的纪律。
14、我们是学生,怎能不遵守学校的纪律呢?
16、那平静的“湖面”就是被它踩碎的。
16、那平静的“湖面”不是被它踩碎的吗?
17、小姑娘天真的心灵,正像一个含苞欲放的花蕾。
17、小姑娘天真的心灵,不正像一个含苞欲放的花蕾吗?
18、这些树叶就是从这棵树上飘落下来的。
18、这些树叶难道不是从这棵树上飘落下来的吗?
19、咱们早就分好了。
19、咱们不是早就分好了吗? 20、游览了长城,我受到了教育。20、游览了长城,我怎能不受到教育呢?
21、我们没有近道,和你们走的是一条道。
21、我们没有近道,和你们走的不是一条道吗?
22、这个世界上应该有您最想要的东西。
22、这个世界上怎么没有您最想要的东西呢?
23、人的身躯不能从狗洞子里爬出来。
23、人的身躯怎能从狗洞子里爬出来呢?
24、这本书真好看,叫人喜欢。
24、这本书真好看,怎么不叫人喜欢呢?
25、那电线上停着的几个小黑点,正是伶俐可爱的小燕子。
25、那电线上停着的几个小黑点,不正是伶俐可爱的小燕子吗?
26、对于浪费能源的现象,我们不能容忍。
26、对于浪费能源的现象,我们怎么能容忍呢?
27、网络丰富多彩,让我们大家恋恋不舍。
27、网络丰富多彩,怎能不让我们大家恋恋不舍呢?
28、我们应该相信自己的眼睛。
28、难道我们不相信自己的眼睛吗?
29、我们都爱自己慈爱的母亲。
29、我们怎么不爱自己慈爱的母亲呢?
30、犯了错误就不敢向老师、同学承认,这不是一个少先队员应有的态度。
30、犯了错误就不敢向老师、同学承认,这难道是一个少先队员应有的态度吗?
31、作为少先队员应该讲文明,有礼貌。
31、作为少先队员怎能不讲文明,有礼貌呢?
32、这样肮脏、零乱的地方,不会让人觉得舒服。
32、这样肮脏、零乱的地方,怎么会让人觉得舒服呢?
33、这场比赛不能让祖国再次蒙受屈辱。
33、这场比赛怎能让祖国再次蒙受屈辱呢?
34、像桑娜那样品德高尚的人值得赞扬。
34、像桑娜那样品德高尚的人难道不值得赞扬吗?
35、为了把祖国建设得更强盛,我们应该努力学习。
35、为了把祖国建设得更强盛,我们怎能不努力学习呢?
36、对少数同学不守纪律的现象,我们不能不闻不问。
36、对少数同学不守纪律的现象,我们怎能不闻不问呢?
37、我们现在不好好学习,长大了就不能参加祖国建设。
37、我们现在不好好学习,长大了怎能参加祖国建设呢?
38、任弼时同志不同意搬进新房子,他说,不能以一个人牵动一个机关。
38、任弼时同志不同意搬进新房子,他说,怎能以一个人牵动一个机关呢?
39、沿着这条小路走,能到金明家。
39、沿着这条小路走,怎么不能到金明家呢? 40、听到波涛的轰鸣和狂风怒号,桑娜感到心惊肉跳。40、听到波涛的轰鸣和狂风怒号,桑娜怎么不感到心惊肉跳呢?
41、为了实现四个现代化,我们应该努力学习。
41、为了实现四个现代化,难道我们不应该努力学习吗?
42、巍巍高山是英雄坚强不屈的精神的象征。
42、巍巍高山不是英雄坚强不屈的精神的象征吗?
43、如果下面没有泉水,这么旱的天气,泥土不会这样湿。
43、如果下面没有泉水,这么旱的天气,泥土怎么会这样湿呢?
44、你用脏手随便抓东西吃,肚子准会长蛔虫。
44、你用脏手随便抓东西吃,肚子怎么不会长蛔虫呢?
45、登泰山看日出是我很久以来最大的心愿。
45、登泰山看日出不是我很久以来最大的心愿吗?
46、四周围黑洞洞的,很容易碰壁。
46、四周围黑洞洞的,难道不容易碰壁吗?
二、按要求改为反问句,意思不变。
1、讲桌上的那束鲜花,正表达着我们对老师的一片深情。
1、讲桌上的那束鲜花,不正表达着我们对老师的一片深情吗?
2、没有革命先烈的流血牺牲,就没有我们今天的幸福生活。
2、没有革命先烈的流血牺牲怎么会有我们今天的幸福生活呢?
3、同窗五载的情谊,我们不能忘记。
3、同窗五载的情谊,我们怎能忘记呢? 4、21世纪图书馆的大门不会关闭。4、21世纪图书馆的大门怎么会关闭呢?
5、漓江的水绿得仿佛一块无暇的翡翠。
5、漓江的水不是绿得仿佛一块无暇的翡翠嘛?
6、大家老师热爱自己的祖国。
6、大家老师怎么不热爱自己的祖国吗?
7、我是一名少先队员,必须遵守纪律。
7、我是一名少先队员,怎能不遵守纪律呢?
8、地球是人类的母亲,生命的摇篮。
8、地球不是人类的母亲,生命的摇篮吗?
9、越过岷山,不能不使红军战士喜笑颜开。(改为反问句)
9、越过岷山,怎能不使红军战士喜笑颜开呢?
10、“鸟的天堂”真是鸟的天堂。(改为反问句)
10、“鸟的天堂”不是鸟的天堂吗?
11、海上日出真是伟大的奇观。(改为反问句)
11、海上日出不是伟大的奇观吗?
一、直接引用句改间接转述句 1.老师对我说:“我教你怎么写。”
2、老师解释说:“梦里飞行,说明你们是在长身体呀。”
3、小林对王利说:“星期六我去你家做客。”
4、爸爸对妈妈说:“你去把行李给我拿来。”
5、老师对我说:“你回去吧,我还要批改作业。”
6、爸爸告诉我:“今天晚上你和妈妈先吃饭,我有事。”
7、贝多芬问盲姑娘:“您爱听吗?我再给您弹一首曲子吧。”
8、萌萌把馍递给我:“老师,您几天都没吃饭了。您吃吧,吃了身体就有劲了。”
9、那挑山工想了想对我们说:“我们哪里有近道,还不和你们是一条道?”
10、我看祖父还在笑,就说:“你不信,我到屋里拿来给你。”
二、间接转述改为直接引用
1.老师对小明说,他看了小明的作文很满意。2.小青石对小黑石说,它讨厌过这样安静的生活。3.姐姐问弟弟,他作业写完没,等会她给他检查。
4.莉莉告诉老师她妈妈病了,她要替她妈妈去医院取药,因此放学想提前点走。
5、一位台湾同胞说,他是中国人,他爱中国。
6、妈妈对我说,明天她要出差,这几天只好我自己照顾自己了。
7、王老师对同学们说,星期天,他带我们去滑雪。
8、他热情地和我握了握手说,他的国语讲得不好,得多向我学习。
9、爸爸对妈妈说,明天他出发,她别去上班了。
10、老师对我说,萍萍身体不好,我要多关心她。
三、反问句改陈述句。
1.人的心灵不应该像花一样美丽、纯洁吗?
2.那一次次的分离,岸英不都是平平安安回到自己的身边俩了吗? 3.时间这么宝贵,我们怎么能不珍惜呢?
4.人类随意毁坏自然资源,难道不是在毁灭人类自身的生存环境吗?
5、十万支箭,三天怎么造得成?
6、都是你自己找的,我怎么帮得了你的忙?
7、那浪花所奏的不正是一首欢乐的歌吗?
8、我们怎能忘记老师的谆谆教导?
9、当农民,难道就不需要文化知识了吗?
10、这些设想即使能够实现,又有多少人能够去居住呢?
11、看到那数不尽的饿青松白桦,谁能不向四面八方望一望呢?
12、海边上不是还泛着白色的浪花吗?
13、人与山的关系日益密切,怎能不使我们感到亲切与舒服呢?
14、我们遇到困难,怎么能退缩呢?
15、说出的话难道可以不算数?
四、陈述句改反问句。
1.信赖,往往创造出美好的境界。2.北京申奥成功,我们感到无比自豪。3.在屋檐下躲雨,你不好意思赶我走。
五、把下面的句子改写成比喻句。
1、一轮明月挂在天空。
2、新月挂在天空。
2、漓江的水真绿啊!
3、天空中出现了一道彩虹。
4、朵朵鲜花开放了。
5、红红的柿子挂在枝头。按要求改句子: 1.她的脸红了。改成比喻句: 2.星星布满了天空。改成拟人句:
3.这是一次幸福的航行,一次终身难忘的航行,我不会忘记。改成反问句:
4.秋天,香山的黄栌红了。(改写成比喻句)5.月季花开了。(改写成拟人句)
六、把下面的句子改为拟人句
1、小鱼儿在水中游来游去.2、蟋蟀在平台上叫。
3、小河流淌。
4、水稻和高粱成熟了。
七、把下面的句子改为夸张句
1、飞机在蓝天飞翔。
2、太白酒香。
3、地方小不能能盖房子。
4、房间太小了。
5、广场上人多。
6、我内心很痛苦。
7、大海里的鱼非常多。
8、寒风吹到脸上很疼。
9、这山可真高。
10、小李跑得真快。
八、把否定句改为肯定句。
1、这次活动的经过你不是不清楚。
2、说起地道战,谁也不能不承认是个奇迹。
3、谁也不能否认地球不是绕太阳运行的。
6、张民对学习一点也不马虎。
8、这个问题不能不讲清楚。
9、如果现在的人看见月缺花残还要下泪,那不能不说他是个糊涂虫。
10、一只非洲水牛朝我们满怀敌意地瞪着眼睛,我们的车不得不停下来。
14、为了避免暴露,他们不得不决定暂时断绝通讯联系。
15、我暗暗叮嘱自己,这两天非要给他们姐弟俩买到两张电影票不可。
16、秦王知道廉颇在边境上已经作好准备,不得不放赵王回去。
九、把肯定句改为否定句,不改变原句意思。常用否定词:
1、不得不
2、不能不
3、不会不
4、没有„„不
5、不是不
6、不可能不
7、不是没有
8、不能没有
9、非„„不可
10、没有„„就没有
1、街上的人真多。
2、他是一个听话的孩子。
3、我只有用劳动来解除饥饿的威胁。
4、幼儿园的小朋友都喜欢王老师。
5、这部电影使我感动得流泪。
6、黑熊躲进大树洞里。
7、下个星期天,妈妈要带我去西湖划船。
8、燕子飞过大海,肯定非常辛苦、艰难。
9、爹妈都不在家,只好自己动手丰衣足食了。
10、在共产党面前,什么困难都能克服。
十、缩句
1、老人们喜欢到湖边的树阴下去钓鱼。
2、年轻的妈妈脸上渐渐露出笑容。
3、白家庄小学的学生在操场上用力地做儿童广播体操。
4、海边的沙地都种着一望无际的碧绿的西瓜。
5、小铭姥姥家的阳台上放着许多盆花。
6、数万名群众炽热的目光凝神注视着天安门。
7、一群活泼可爱的小孩在湖边的大草地上尽情玩耍。
8、我们通过显微镜看到了不计其数的细菌。
9、新开发的“绿色食品”受到广大人民群众的欢迎。
10、我激动得流下晶莹的泪珠。
11、老牧人江布尔大叔老远就大声喊起来。
12、远处蔚蓝色的湖水开始反射出耀眼的亮光。
13、电机房里五台绿色的发电机组整齐地排列着。
14、我怀着兴奋的心情来到了动物园。
15、岛上的英雄儿女日夜守卫着祖国的南沙群岛。
十一、扩句
1、老师批改作业。
2、战士保卫边疆。
3、洪水淹没了村庄。
4、海鸥飞过海面。
5、战士献出生命。
6、小马驹瞪着眼睛。
7、几句话印在心上.8、同学们做作业。
9、雨点落下来。
10、鱼儿惊慌。
十二、用修改符号修改病句
1、大约有50个左右的人,参加了会议。
2、她那红润的脸蛋犹如盛开的梨花。
3、这篇作文的词汇句子都很通顺。
4、五颜六色的彩旗在空中迎风飘扬。
5、他是咱班最爱劳动的劳动积极分子。
6、广场上挤满了来自全国各地的许多工人、农民。
7、战士们冒着大雨和泥泞小路向前进。
8、同学们的作业基本上都交齐了。
9、乌云和大雨从半空中倾泻下来。
10、经过大家的努力,我们的学习成绩大大增加了。
11、姐姐最爱看舞蹈和音乐。
12、这座桥不但坚硬,而且美观。
13、我们热烈庆祝小红同学被评上“三好”队员。
14、小气象员坚持每天考察天气的变化。按要求改写下列句子:
1、荷花立在绿色的荷叶间。(改为拟人句)
2、小海豚在微微起浪的海面上跳来跳去,可快活了。改成比喻句:改成拟人句:
3、“冬天到了,北风呼呼地刮着。”改成比喻句.和拟人句
4、把句子改成不用引号的句子。
王老师对我说:“你明天到我办公室去一趟,我有事找你。”
5、给句子换一种说法:去掉问号,不改变句子的意思。事情这么重要.他怎么能不来呢?
6、用关联词把下面的句子合并成一句话。(1)风雨再大。(2)我们按时到达日的地。合并成:
7、加关联词合并句子(1)我爱我的父亲。
(2)我不知道他对我为什么这么严厉。合并成:
8、草原是我的家。(扩句)
9、小鸟在树梢上叫着。(改为拟人句)
10.天空中的小星星。(写成拟人句)11.我们遇到困难,怎么能退缩呢?(陈述句)12.这活泼的小孩是我的好朋友。(反问句)13.特务很狡猾。(改为比喻句)14河水哗哗地流着。(改为拟人句)15.寒风吹到脸上很痛。(改为夸张句)
16.没有风的时候,湖面非常平静。(改为比喻句)17.小树在风中一摇一晃的。(改为拟人句)
18.不努力学习,难道学习成绩能提高吗?(改为陈述句)19.老师对我无微不至特别周到的关怀令我终生难忘。(改病句)20、那一个个黄澄澄的桔子挂在枝头上。
改成比喻句:_______________________________________________ 改成拟人句:_______________________________________________ 21.“鸟的天堂”不会没有鸟。
改为肯定句:_______________________________________________ 22.清晨的阳光柔和地抚摸着一望无际的土地。
缩写句子:_________________________________________________
23、秋风阵阵,金黄色的落叶打着旋从树上飘落下来。(改为比喻句或拟人句)
24.阳光照在草地上。(改写成比喻句)
25.李华同志助人为乐的品质感动了在场的每一个人。(改写成被字句)26.春天来了,大地上一切都是新的了。(改写成拟人句)27.中秋的月亮很圆很亮。(改写成比喻句)28.老师走进教室。(扩写句子)
29、他身体单薄。改为夸张句: 30、雨下得很大。改为比喻句:
31、布谷鸟开始鸣叫,农民忙着割麦种稻。改为拟人句:
32、圆圆的荷叶挨挨挤挤的。改为比喻句: 33.泉水从洞口涌出。改为拟人句: 34.同学们说得很高兴。扩句:
35.这一池的荷花难道不美吗? 改为陈述句:
36、写一句话,这句话里要有两个连续的动作。
37、改写成拟人句。
春天来了,大地上一切都是新的了。38改写成比喻句。中秋的月亮很圆很亮。39.扩写句子。老师走进教室。40、狂风敲打着窗户。扩句:
41、松树挺立着。改为拟人句:
42、桃花水映照着蓝天。改为”把”字句: 改为”被”字句:
46、我们不能做违反学校规定的事。(改成反问句)改为比喻句:垂柳在风中摇曳。改为拟人句:海风吹来,绿叶摇摆。改为拟人句:鸟儿飞翔。改为夸张句:小明家的房屋很小。
47、改为转述句:老师对我说:“把你的作业本拿来我看看。”
48、改为转述句:姐姐对我说:“你说得对,我就这样做。”
49、改为引述句:老班长说,他没有完成任务,没把我们照顾好。50、句子合并:我走进教室。我去上课。
第三篇:2012常见完成句子归纳与小结
2012常见完成句子归纳与小结
常见完成句子归纳与小结
一、it及there句型
1.(据报道)a lot of people lost their jobs in the city last month.(report)2.(据报道), a lot of people lost their jobs in the city last month.(report)3.(毫无疑问)he will be admitted to the key university.(doubt)4.He has made some great movies.(这一点是毫无疑问的).(doubt)5.(没必要)for you to get up early tomorrow.(need)6.(碰巧)I had been away when he called.(happen)7.(看来)nobody knows what has happened.(seem)8.(看起来似乎)it's going to rain.(look)9.(很可能)the thieves don’t know how much it is worth.(likely)10.(我也许可以)to leave a message for her.(possible)
1.It’s reported that 2.As is reported 3.There is no doubt that 4.There is no doubt about it 5.There is no need 6.It happened that 7.It seems that 8.It looks as if 9.It’s likely that 10.It’s possible for me
11.It’s no use(为打翻的牛奶而哭泣).(cry)12.(抱怨是毫无用处的), they never listen.(use)13.(难怪)you’ve achieved so much success.(wonder)
14.(很明确)most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(certain)15.(据说)the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.(say)16.The professor is said(已成功)in carrying out this experiment.(succeed)(比较句型15)17.(感到遗憾)I haven’t been to the get-together.(pity)18(使之成为一种惯例)that I get up at six every day in the morning.(rule)19.I(认为有必要)to take plenty of hot water every day.(think)20.It’s high time that we(采取措施)to stop pollution.(take)
11.crying over spilt milk 12.It’s/There is no use complaining 13.It’s no wonder that 14.It’s certain that 15.It’s said that 16.to have succeeded 17.I feel it a pity that 18.I have made it a rule 19.think it(is)necessary 20.took/should take measures
21.(要花费她很长时间)to recover from the illness.(take)22.This/It is the third time that I(看那部电影).(see)23.It was the first time that she(到长城).(be)24.It is / has been two years(自从他出国).(go)
25.(对你没什么差别)whether I like it or not,because you never listen to me.(make)26.(用不了多久)before we know the result of the experiment.(be)
27.Measures have been taken to solve the problem,but(可能要过段时间)before the situation improves.(some)28.(没关系)the weather was bad.(matter)
29.(是否要紧)whether we go together or separately?(matter)30.(我突然想起)that he might have forgotten our date.(occur)
21.It will take her a long time 22.have seen the film 23.had been to the Great wall 24.since he went abroad 25.It makes no difference to you 26.It won’t be long 27.it may be some time 28.It didn’t matter that 29.Does it matter 30.It occurred to me 31.(可能性不大)he will change his mind.(chance)32.(很可能)we will go to Beijing.(chance)
33.(似乎有)hundreds of people in the field;it was quite full.(seem)34.(曾经有)a church at the corner of the street.(be)
35.She(阐明清楚)she had nothing to do with the decision.(make)36.I(确定)everything is ready.(see)
37.What a pity my new computer doesn’t work.(一定有什么问题)with it.(wrong)38.(结果)she was a friend of my sister.(turn)
39.Come and see me when(你方便的时候).(convenient)
40.(没多大意义)complaining.It doesn’t make difference.(point)
31.There is little chance that 32.There is a good/high chance that/There are chances that/Chances are that 33.There seemed to be 34.There used to be 35.made it clear that 36.will see(to it)that 37.There must be something wrong 38.It turned out that 39.it’s convenient to/for you 40.There is not much point(in)
二、强调句型
1.(是他们)who/that went to the cinema with me yesterday.(be)2.It was(当她正要离开时)that the telephone rang.(about)
3.(是因为坏天气)that the football match had to be put off?(because of)4(究竟是什么)you wanted to tell her?(be)
5.I just wonder(究竟是什么)makes him so excited.(be)
6.I really don’t know(究竟在哪儿)he bought the cell phone.(be)7.It was(直到昨天下午)that I knew the truth.(until)
8.It was(直到他来到中国)that he knew what kind of a country she was(until)9.(直到她进入教室)that she realized she had forgotten her book?(enter)
10.It was in this very lab that was in the charge of John(他们做了实验).(experiment)
1.It was they 2.when she was about to leave 3.Was it because of the bad weather 4.What was it that 5.what it is that 6.where it was that 7.not until yesterday afternoon 8.not until he came to China 9.Was is not until she entered the classroom 10.that they did the experiment.三、倒装
1.— My room gets very cold at night.—
(我的也是).(so)
2.— I don’t think I can walk any further.—
(我也是)(neither)
3.— He is a maths teacher but he likes English.—(他的妹妹也是)(same)
4.Little(他关心自己的安全)though he was in great danger himself.(care)
5.I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in all my life(我感觉如此高兴).(feel)6.Seldom(他们彼此吵架)since they got married.(quarrel)
7.Not until(我向他解释了所有的事情)did he realize that he was wrong.(explain)8.Not until I began to work(我才意识到)how much time I had wasted.(realize)9.So(他讲得清楚)that even beginners understand most of what he says.(speak)10.So(考试如此难)that only a few students passed it.(difficult)
1.So does mine.2.Neither can I 3.It’s the same with his sister/The same is true of his sister.4.did he care about his own safety 5.had I felt so happy.6.have they quarreled with each other 7.I had explained all to him 8.did I realize 9.clearly does he speak 10.difficult was the exam
11.Such(他取得很大进步)that he was praised.(make)
12.(只有通过采取行动)can we improve the situation.(action)
13.Only when your identity has been checked(你才允许进入).(allow)
14.Not only(要帮助)the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it.(give)
15.(我一到达)at the station than the train left.(sooner)
16.Hardly / Scarcely(他转过身)when everybody burst out laughing.(turn)
17.(尽管听起来可能很奇怪), his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(as)18(尽管我很喜欢它), I won’t buy it.(as)
19.(尽管他是个孩子), he knows a lot of things.(as)
20.Neither has he called on her,(将来他也不会那样做).(nor)21.The more you explain,(我愈糊涂).(confuse)
22.(无论他多么晚), his mother would wait for him to have dinner together.(however)23(万一明天下雨), we would have to put off the visit to Beijing.(rain)24.(要是那个男孩更努力一些),he might have got through the exam.(work)
25.A better understanding of the environment is necessary,(行动的愿望也是必要的).(as)
11.great progress had he made 12.Only by taking action 13.will you be allowed in 14.will help be given to
15.No sooner had I arrived / I had no sooner arrived 16.had he turned around 17.Strange as it might sound 18.Much as I like it 19.Child as he is 20.nor will he do so 21.the more confused I am /get 22.However late he was 23.Should it rain/ Were it to rain tomorrow 24.Had the boy worked harder 25.as is the willingness to act
四、虚拟语气及情态动词
1.(会发生什么事)if the earth suddenly stopped turning?(happen)2.If(明天天气好),I would go on a trip.(be)
3.(若她知道)that Mary would come to see her, she would never have gone to the party.(know)4.If you hadn’t seen that film last night, you(不会如此疲倦)now.(be)5.I didn’t know his telephone number otherwise I(会给他打电话).(telephone)6.But for the help of my teachers, I(不可能取得如此大的进步).(make)7.Without your help, I(不会成功)anyway.(succeed)
8.I suggested not only(他出席会议)but also give a speech there.(attend)9.Mike’s father, as well as his mother insisted that he(该呆在家里).(stay)10.—Guess what!I have got A for my term paper.—Great!You(一定阅读广泛)and put a lot of work into it.(read)
1.What would happen 2.it should be / were fine tomorrow 3.If she had known / Had she known 4.wouldn’t be so sleepy
5.would have telephoned him 6.couldn’t have made such progress 7.wouldn’t have succeeded 8.should he attend the meeting 9.(should)stay(at)home 10.must have read widely
11.It’s possible that the king of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he(可能参与)in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones.(hand)12.He(本来可以给更多帮助)even though he was very busy.(give)
13.I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning, she(不可能发言)at the meeting.(speak)14.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who(可能拿了)?(take)15.I(本来能借给你自行车),why didn’t you ask me?(lend)
16.The careless man received a ticket for speeding, he(本不应该开那么快).(drive)17.There was plenty of time, she(本不必匆忙).(hurry)18.Frank called me yesterday, but I(宁愿他没有).(rather)
19.I am afraid I am busy tonight, so I would rather you(你不来).(come)20.Jim is a good boy;we(怎么表扬他也不过分).(too)
11.may/might have had a hand 12.might have given you more help 13.can’t / couldn’t have spoken 14.could / can have taken it 15.could have lent you my bike 16.shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have driven so fast 17.needn’t have hurried 18.would rather he hadn’t 19.didn’t come 20.can’t praise him too much
五、with+宾语+宾语补足语结构
1.They sat together around the table, with(门关着).(shut)2.They pretended to be working all night, with(灯亮着).(burn)3.I can’t go out to play, with(如此多作业要做).(do)4.The children came running toward us, with(手里拿着花)(hand)5.With(考试结束), we had a long time to rest.(over)6.With(这么多人来到现场), I felt nervous.(present)
1.the door shut 2.their(the)light burning 3.so much homework to do 4.flowers in their hands.5.the examinations over 6.so many people present
六、倍数表达法
1.Staying in a hotel for a day costs(两倍)renting a house in the country for a week.(as)
2.Paper produced every year is(是……三倍重)the world’s population of vehicles.(weight)3.—How did you find your visit to the museum? —I really enjoyed it.It was(比我预料的有趣多了).(than)
4.We have produced(两倍多的棉花)this year as we did last year.(twice)
1.twice as much as 2.three times the weight of 3.far more interesting than I had expected 4.twice as much cotton
七、非谓语动词
1.—Have you got anything(要做)this evening?(do)
—I would like you to go shopping with me.2.I’m going to Wuhan.Do you have anything(要带过去)there?(take)3.He seems(陷入深思), without noticing me passing him.(think)4.He is said(派往)London already.(send)
5.She is said(一直在写)the novel about New York for years.(write)6.For a fresh man of society, the question is(怎样开始工作)(start)7.The news reporters hurried to the airport,(结果被告知)the film stars had left.(tell)8.I had nothing to do but(呆在家里)for another year, waiting for a chance.(stay)9.(锻炼)early in the morning has become part of her retired life.(exercise)10.(居住)in New York for years, I know each part of it very well.(live)1.to do 2 to be taken 3..to be thinking deeply 4.to have been sent to
5.to have been writing 6.how to start work.7.only to be told 8.stay(at)home 9.Taking exercise 10.Having lived
11.(一直没有收到)any letter from him for so long, I gave him a call.(receive)12.(住得离公司远), I have to get up early every morning.(live)
13.The fire lasted nearly a month,(没留下任何有价值的东西).(leave)
14.If you want to(使自己受尊重), you are above all to respect others.(make)
15.(陷入沉思), he got knocked over by a bike, unable to stand up for the moment.(lose)
16.(下定决心改变), he entered a hospital-based diet program and dropped over 70 pounds.(determine)17.(所有的票都卖出去了), we had to wait for the next week’s show.(sell)18.The river looks more beautiful,(两岸长满了鲜花和绿草).(grow)
19.Then last night, I followed him here, and climbed in,(手里拿着剑).(sword)20.Could you show me the computer you want(要修理的).(have)21.She’ll(让你一直站)if you don’t listen to her.(have)22.He realized that he did not want(让她与他一起去).(have)
11.Not having received 12.Living far from my company 13.leaving nothing valuable 14.make yourself respected 15.Lost in thought 16.Determined to change 17.All/With all the tickets(having been)sold out 18.(with)flowers and grass growing on both sides 19.sword in hand / with a sword in my hand 20.to have repaired 21.have you standing all the time 22.to have her go with him
八、时态语态
1.When you phoned yesterday, I(在下象棋)with my daughter.(play)2.Frank was about to leave(这时他注意到地板上有封信).(lie)3.Great changes in every field(发生)in the last ten years.(take)4.My hands are dirty, I(一直在漆门).(paint)5.I(自学完数学)by the age of fourteen.(learn)
6.By next week, we(将学完2000个生词).(learn)7.I(遭遇大雪)in the course of climbing Mount Tai.(get)8.His work(得到高度评价)by the experts.(think)
9.I went to school on foot this morning, because my bike(正在修理).(repair)
10.By the time the fire men arrived at the building, the fire(已被扑灭了)by the nearby citizens.(put)
1.was playing chess 2.when he noticed a letter lying on the floor 3 have taken place 4.have been painting the door 5.had learned maths(all)by myself 6.will have learned 2000 new words 7.got caught in the heavy snow 8.was thought highly of 9.was being repaired 10.had been put out
九、各类从句
1.When I saw a lot of people gathering over there, I went over to see(怎么回事).(matter)2.I doubt(他是否会来)soon.(come)
3.Can you tell me(怎样到达)the railway station?(get)4.(你认为谁)is the best football player in your city?(think)5.Where do you think(我们应见面)?(meet)
6.(他们所拥有的共同之处)is that they are all independent.(common)7.Shanghai is no longer(它过去的样子).(be)
8.We are talking about(是否该让学生加入我们的俱乐部).(admit)
9.I am just wondering(是否再等一小时)or just start off right away.(admit)10.The question is(我们是否降低)the cost of the product.(reduce)
1.what was the matter 2.whether/if he will come 3.how I can get to 4.Who do you think 5.we should meet 6.What they have in common 7.what it used to be 8.whether we should admit students into our club 9.whether to wait for another hour 10.whether we can reduce
11.It was uncertain(他是否会来).(come)
12.(他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference.(abroad)
13.The question(我们是否应召请)a specialist was answered by the family doctor.(call)14.The reason why she couldn’t come to meeting(是她没有被邀请)(invite)15.The reason for such a serious accident is that(司机喝酒太多).(drink)16.He didn’t tell the teacher the reason(可以解释他的缺席)(explain)17.Is this the reason(你为什么赞同我的观点)?(favor)
18.You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is(我不同意的方面).(disagree)
19.A modern city has been set up in(十年前是一片荒地的地方)ten years ago.(be, wasteland)20.We wrote a letter of thanks to(凡是帮助过我们的).(whoever)
11.whether he would come 12.Whether he has been abroad or not
13.whether we ought to / should call in 14.was that she hadn’t been invited 15.the driver drank too much 16.that/which could explain his absence 17.why/ for which you are in favor of my opinion 18.where I disagree 19.what was a wasteland 20.whoever had helped us
21.There was a time(他讨厌上学).(hate)
22.I borrowed three books from the library,(其中的两本)are really worth reading.(two)
23.The boys ,(其中较高的一个)could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on.(tall)24.It was the gate(在那儿他告诉了我好消息).(tell)25.I don’t like(他对他母亲讲话的方式).(way)26.Is this museum(他们上个月参观过的)?(visit)27.This is the only way(你能想出作此事的).(think)
28.This is the very one of the most interesting films(上周放映的).(show)29.It’s one of the most interesting films
(上演)since last year.(put)30.He still lives in the room,(房间的窗户)faces to the east.(which)
21.when he hated to go to school 22.two of which/of which two
23.the taller of whom/of whom the taller 24.where he told me the good news 25.the way he speaks to his mother 26.the one they visited last month 27.(that)you can think of to do it 28.that was shown last week 29.that have been put on 30.of which the window/the window of which
31.The fact(他失败了数次)makes him very upset.(he ,fail)32.Would you please put the book(它该放的地方)?(belong)
33.(随着时间的流逝), you’ll have a better understanding of it.(go)34.Shylock(对钱如此贪婪)that all his friends left him.(greedy)
35.(最使我惊讶)was that they had finished it so quickly.(surprise)
36.We won’t be able to reach the top of the mountain(除非天气改变).(unless)37.(无论别人说什么), I won’t give up.(matter)38.(地球绕着太阳转)is known to us all.(turn)
39.(尽管他很富有), he worked to make a career in science.(despite)40.(尽管他年事已高), he still leads an active life.(spite)
31.that he has failed for several times 32.where it belongs 33.As time goes by/With time going by 34.was so greedy for money 35.What surprised me most 36.unless the weather changes 37.No matter what others say 38.That the earth turns around the sun 39.Despite his wealth / Despite the fact that he was wealthy 40.In spite of his old age
41.He(才起床)until his mother came in.(get)42.You’d better take more clothes(以防天气变冷)(case)43.It is(如此重的箱子)that nobody can move it.(such)
44.You can’t expect to play tennis(像他打得一样好)at your age.(as)
45.She was always speaking highly of her role in the play,(这使得其他人不高兴)(make)
41.didn’t get up 42.in case the weather gets cold 43.such a heavy box 44.as well as him / he does 45.which made the others unhappy.
第四篇:常见题型
常见题型:
1.利用质量守恒定律的相关信息,如何求反应物的质量及相互质量比?
例1.已知在反应3A+2B=2C+D中,反应物A、B的质量比为3:4。当反应生成C和D的质量共140g时,B消耗的质量为_________g。
分析:此题能根据质量守恒定律,由于生成物C和D的质量共140g,所以A和B的质量之和也应为140g。由于反应物A、B的质量比为3:4,则可将物质总质量视为7份(3+4=7),A占其中3份,B占其中4份。所以消耗B的质量例2.在化学反应3X+4Y=2Z中,已知X和Z的相对分子质量分别是32和102,则Y的相对分子质量为_____。
分析:此题是根据质量守恒定律确定Y的相对分子质量。解题时,首先要确定4Y的值,即3×32+4Y=2×1024Y=2×102-3×32=108Y=27
2.已知反应物(或生成物)的质量(或密度、体积),如何求另一反应物(或生成物)的质量(或体积)?
例3.中国登山协会为纪念我们首次攀登珠穆朗玛峰成功50周年,再次组织攀登珠峰活动。阿旺扎西等一行登山运动员于2003年5月21日13:40成功登顶。假如每位运动员冲顶时消耗自带的液氧4.8g。求:
(1)这些氧气在标准状况下的体积是多少升?(标准状况下氧气密度为1.43g/L)
(2)若在实验室用高锰酸钾为原料制取相同质量的氧气,需要多少千克的高锰酸钾?
(3)用这种方法给登山运动员供氧,是否可行?简述理由。
答:(1)4.8kg氧气在标准状况下的体积为4.8Kg/1.43(g/L)=3.36103L
(2)设需要高锰酸钾的质量的质量为x
2KMnO4 △=== K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2↑
31632
x4.8kg
x=316 4.8/32=47.4 kg
(3)不行。此法成本太高,经济上不合算;或在实验室制如此多氧气,耗时太长。分析:此题难度不高,主要考查学生有关化学方程式计算的两个重要的注意点:
(1)气体体积和气体质量的换算(即气体体积=气体质量÷气体密度);
(2)化学方程式中单位的换算,如题目中出现“kg”与“g”之间的换算。此题中不仅仅是一道有知识背景的简单计算,还考查了学生仔物质制备时是否考虑原料成本和反应时间的因素。
3.已知混合物中的一反应物(或生成物)的质量,如何求混合物中另一反应物(或生成物)的质量?
例4.煅烧含碳酸钙80%的石灰石100t,生成二氧化碳多少吨?若石灰石中的杂质全部进入生石灰中,可以得到这样的生石灰多少吨?
解:设生成二氧化碳的质量为x
CaCO3 CaO + CO2↑
10044
100t×80%x
x=35.2t
生石灰的质量:100t-35.2t=64.8t
4.利用化学反应测定的实验数据,如何进行物质的计算和推断?
例5.某同学前往当地的石灰石矿区进行调查,他取回了若干块矿石样品,对样品中碳酸钙的质量分数进行检测,采用了的办法如下:取用8g这种石灰石样品,把40g稀盐酸分4次加入,测量过程所得数据见下表(已知石灰石样品中含的杂质不溶于水,不与盐酸反应)。请计算:
(1)8g石灰石样品中含有杂质多少克?
(2)样品中碳酸钙的质量分数是多少?
(3)下表中m的数值应该为多少?
序号加入稀盐酸质量(g)剩余固体质量(g)
第1次105.5
第2次10m
第3次101.2
第4次101.2
(4)要得到280kgCaO,需要质量分数为80%的石灰石多少千克?(化学方程式:CaCO3 CaO+CO2↑)
解:(1)8g石灰石样品中含有杂质为1.2g。
(2)样品中碳酸钙的质量分数=85%
(3)m=5.5g-(8g-5.5g)=3g
(4)设需要80%的石灰石的质量为x
CaCO3CaO+CO2↑
10056
X×80%280kg
x=625kg
分析:此题通过不断改变所加入的稀盐酸的质量,观察剩余固体的质量来判断稀盐酸何时不足,石灰石中CaCO3何时完全反应。由表中数据可知,在第三次加入10g盐酸后,固体剩余物质量不再减少,说明剩余的1.2g固体不和稀盐酸反应,应为杂质。然后,用8g石灰石样品质量-杂质质量=CaCO3质量。再除以样品质量,即可求出样品中碳酸钙的质量分数。第三小问也可从题意得出正解,即第一次加10g酸时固体的质量减少应和第二次一样,所以第二次剩余的固体质量就是3g。最后一问可利用含杂质问题的解题方法处理。为140÷7×4=80g。
典型例题:
1.某研究小组查阅了《厦门2001年海洋环境公报》得知:厦门海域的主要污染物是化学需氧量(COD)、磷氮、油类、铅和汞等,其中COD是指一定量海水与高锰酸钾或K2Cr2O7发生氧化反应时所用高锰酸钾或K2Cr2O7的量。据此回答:(注Cr是铬元素的元素符号)
(1)高锰酸钾的化学式为________________。
(2)受污染的海水含有X物质,它与K2Cr2O7反应的化学方程式为
X+5K2Cr2O7+20H2SO7=6CO2+5K2SO4+5Cr2(SO4)3+23H2O,则X的化学式为_____________。
(3)根据你的观察和调查指出这些污染物的主要来源是
__________________________________。
(4)海水是资源大宝库,请写出能从未污染的海水中提取或加工得到的物质:(填化学式)_________。
2.法轮功邪教组织头目李洪志说,他通过发功能使铝发生化学反应,变成铜和金。请根据化学知识来判断正误,并提出你的理由。
3.早在17世纪,质量守恒定律发现之前,英国化学家玻意耳曾经做过一个实验:在密闭的容器中燃烧金属时,得到了金属灰,然后打开容器盖,称量金属灰的质量,发现比原来金属质量增加了。
(1)试解释金属灰质量比原金属质量增加的原因。
(2)由于玻意耳称量方法上的原因,他错过了发现质量守恒定律的机会。请你改进他的称量方法,以验证质量守恒定律。
4.H2和O2的混合气体10g,点燃后充分反应生成9g水,则原混合气体中H2和O2的质量之比为_________。
5.饱和食盐水在直流电的条件下可生成氢氧化钠、氯气和氢气。氢气和氯气反应又可生成氯化氢,氯化氢溶于水生成盐酸。这样实验可制取生产、生活中需求量很多的氢氧化钠和盐酸。这一工程工业上称之为氯碱工业。
(1)写出生产过程中发生的化学方程式:
__________________________________________________。
(2)简述利用化学反应原理进行工业生产应考虑哪些因素?
6.高级汽车中常配置一种汽车安全气囊,内部贮存有硝酸铵。当汽车高速行驶中受到猛烈撞击时,硝酸铵迅速分解出大量的一氧化二氮气体和另一种氧化物充满气囊,隔在乘员和挡风玻璃、方向盘之间,防止乘员受伤。
(1)写出硝酸铵受撞击时发生分解反应的化学方程式
_________________________________________;
(2)从安全角度,在存放和使用化肥硝酸铵时要注意哪些问题?
7.化学变化中常伴有能量转化,这是因为不同的物质包含的化学能大小不同,在化学变化中物质具有的化学能可以转变为热能、光能或电能等。
(1)举出一个从环境中吸取热能的物理变化的例子。
(2)镁条燃烧时,化学能转化为________能和________能。
(3)已知氢气在氧气中燃烧生成水的变化放出热能。根据能量守恒原理,反应前氢气和氧气的混合物所包含的化学能比反应后水包含的化学能_________(填“高”或“低”),理由是____________________。
8.煤是重要的工业原料,用煤直接做燃料不仅是极大的浪费,而且固体煤中含有的硫在燃烧时生成二氧化硫气体造成大气污染。北部某城市冬季取暖约为120天,每天消耗含硫1%的煤200吨。
(1)该城市一个冬季向大气排放多少吨二氧化硫气体?
(2)从环保角度考虑,请你提出三个合理化建议。
参考答案
1.(1)KMnO4;
(2)C6H6;
(3)工业废水的任意排放;石油的泄漏;
(4)NaCl(其他合理答案也可)
2.他的观点是错误的。根据化学反应的本质,一切化学变化里,反应前后原子的种类、数目没有改变,质量也基本不变。铝是由铝原子构成,铜是由铜原子构成,金是由金原子构成的。所以铝原子无法通过化学变化生成金原子和铜原子。所以可见李洪志的说法是伪科学的,纯属歪理邪说。
3.(1)金属燃烧是金属和氧气发生化合反应,生成金属氧化物。根据质量守恒定律可知,参加反应的金属与氧气的质量之和等于生成的金属氧化物的质量。生成的金属灰是金属氧化物,所以金属灰的质量比原来金属的质量增加了。
(2)分别称量反应前后密闭容器的质量。
4.1:9或1:4 提示:因为生成了9g水,则说明参加反应的混合气体总质量也为9g,而原气体总质量为10g。所以还有1g气体没有反应,可能是H2,也有可能是O2。
5.(1)2NaCl+2H2O 2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑;
(2)原料价格便宜,制取方便,耗能少,安全问题等。
6.(1)NH4NO3撞击===N2O↑+2H2O ;
(2)不能与易燃物混放;不能用铁锤等物将结块的硝酸铵砸碎;不能受到严重撞击。(分析:硝酸铵是因为分解会产生气体,所以在有限空间内,气体急速膨胀,易爆炸)
7.(1)干冰升华,酒精挥发等。
(2)光,热
(3)高,因为这反应放出能量,故反应物具有的化学能高于生成物具有的化学能。
8.(1)4吨;
(2)尽量减少煤等含硫燃料的燃烧,使用脱硫技术;开发新能源。
......
第五篇:说明文常见题型
说明文常见题型:
1.考查全篇文章或某一段落的说明内容
题型为:本文的说明内容是什么/“某一说明对象的特征是什么/概括某一段的说明内容。
①用原文回答:(要理清文章或段落的层次)。
找出全文的中心段或某段的中心句,(这往往就是问题的答案)。②无适合的原文时,可用“点面结合”的方法总结概括。“点”:各段的说明对象,“面”:整篇文章的主体说明对象,两者结合组成完整的句子便可。
2.考查说明方法及其作用
题型为:某段或某句用了哪种(些)说明方法?有什么作用?/说明了什么。
(要明确概念,辨清各种说明方法)。
3.考查说明语言的准确性
题型:某个词语能否删掉?为什么?“删掉这个词语后……”
①解释句意的变化。(先解词,说明原句意思是……)②在程度/状态/性质/范围上加以限制/强调/说明,换后(删掉)意思变为……,与实际/原意不符/,不准确/不严密/不科学。
答题方式:①不能,用了“××”词,生动地说明了……,能够激发读者的兴趣,去掉就没有这种效果。②不能,删掉“××”词,句子的意思就变成了……,显得太绝对化;用了“××”词,准确地说明了……,符合实际情况,留有余地,具有科学性。
4.考查指示代词或有指示意义的词语的具体指代内容。答这一类型题时一般是往前找,指代上文距其最近的一句或几句内容。最有效的得分方法是将找到的指代内容与指代词语替换,符合文意便是正确的答案。
5.判断文段的说明中心(说明内容):答题方式:
1、实物说明文:说明对象+对象的特征
2、事理说明文:关于……的道理(原因、方法、原理等)3、程序说明文: ……的操作或实验或制作的过程说明方法及其作用分析的常用答题格式:
本句用了_______的说明方法,生动形象/具体直观/深入浅出/科学准确地说明了_______(说明内容),使读者_____________。
6.说明文中词语作用的认识与辨析:题型:××词好在哪里?
答题方式:用了“××”词,生动地/准确地,说明了……事物的……特征,能够激发读者的兴趣(符合实际情况,具有科学性)。7.题型:说明文中的主观题及其解答:
(着重要表现创新意识、科学精神,体现自己的价值观)。
8.题型:概括说明对象的特点。
①抓住文段中的段落和层次,②从每段(或每层)中抓住关键词语加以整理。
一般情况下,文段的开头(或各段的第一句)和结尾(或各段最后一句)往往说明了对象的特点。
9.题型:段意概括。
句式:说明了……介绍了……
方法:找中心句;结合本段说明特征概括,摘要联合,结合标点,尤其注意分号,认真提炼。
10.题型:为什么不能调换段落顺序?
答题方式:不能调换;原文采用由……到……的顺序介绍事物,调换后不合逻辑。
11.题型:考查能否从阅读材料中捕捉重要信息,对段落的内容进行归纳;(对全文要点进行概括)。答题方式:(一般)从原文中找到答案。(例: 死海已发生了哪些巨大的地质变化?
答:(1)海水水体的分层结构消失(2)海水中的硫化氢消失(3)盐的沉积增多
分析答题技巧:学会从原文中提炼信息,抓关键词句。如:原文中有“这种变化果真发生了。”“原先存在于死海海水中的硫化氢,现在消失了。”“还有一个重要变化是……”)
(例: 文章第8段划线处应填写的表明这段文字中心的句子是什么?(段首句))
答:森林能够有效的净化空气和降低噪声。
12.题型:发散创新:就……谈一点看法或设想;或拟标语。技法指导:结合实际,结合原文,根据知识库存,发散思维,大胆想象。
14.题型:给文段补充一个过渡句:
主要是结合上段的内容来考虑,方法是抓住上段说明的内容,以设问句的形式提出“为什么会(要)……呢?”这就能自然地引出下文了。
15.题型:问前后的内容(所介绍的对象)是否矛盾:从内容和角度这两方面思考,就能说出是否矛盾了。
16.题型:根据说明的内容,怎样理清选文的思路:
技法指导:首先要对每一段的内容了解,并能对其进行归纳和概括,然后,再对每一段的内容进行比较分析,理清其行文思路,结构特点(因为有的是采用总分式,有的是总分总式,还有的又是分总式),就能说出其思路了。
17.题型:在说明的开头文段或中间叙述有关的故事,这有何作用: 答题方式:开头:①引出说明的对象。段中:②增强说明文的生动性。③使说明的事物更准确。