经典美文翻译

第一篇：经典美文翻译

1.our miserable，detestable，deplorable jobs

if you love your job，great news.if you’re like the other 95 of the population，then it sucks.our jobs，although we may only be there for 40 hours a week，can feel like a life-without-parole prison sentence.like with prison，we feel trapped，hopeless，and doomed to a life we don’t want.可怜可憎可悲的工作

假如你热爱你的工作，那么恭喜你。如果你和95的人们一样，那么糟透了。我们或许一周只花40个小时工作，但感觉上却像是被判了无期徒刑。就像蹲监狱一样，我们觉得受束缚，绝望，注定要过一辈子我们不想要的生活。本文由一起去留学编辑整理，转载自一起去留学http:///转载请保留出处。

2.family stress

having children is a true blessing and is the most wonderful thing in the world，but can also be（and usually is）the cause of an enormous amount of stress.kidnapping，pedophiles，traffic accidents，injuries，and home invasions are all major concerns for any parent，but it’s the whining，disrespectful behavior，tantrums，hitting，and lack of sleep that really gets to us.拥有孩子是真正的恩典，是世界上最美好的事情，但同时也可能成为并且通常是源源不断地压力的根源。绑架，恋童癖者，交通事故，受伤和入室行窃是每一个家长担心的主要问题。但是抱怨，不尊重的行为，发脾气，打架，睡眠不足的问题才是真正困扰我们的。

3.being apathetic

so many people have seemingly given up on ever having the life they want.life truly wears them down and out and there is nothing but a shell of a person left.this is unbelievably sad but all too common.these folks are just going through the motions of life without any real direction，passion，or interest.如此多的人已经放弃了过上自己想要的生活。生活令他们精疲力竭，徒剩一副躯壳。这是相当可悲但同时又相当普遍的情况。这些人只是毫无方向、毫无激情的随波逐流着。

4.being ordinary

the world needs more leaders，out of the box thinkers，action seekers，risk takers，and passionate people.what the world does not need is another average joe living paycheck to paycheck.这个世界需要更多的领导、能够跳出固定思维的人、探索者、敢冒风险的人以及充满激情的人。不需要另一个沉迷于从薪水到薪水的世俗的人。

5.no direction

with no goals or dreams，how can we expect to achieve anything significant？ dream big and get big results.dream small and get small results.don’t dream at all and get nothing.没有目标，没有梦想，我们怎么能成就大业？有小梦想就会有小成就。没有梦想就什么也得不到。

6.not having passion for something

when someone can find their real passion in life，that should be a momentousness event for them.many people will go through their whole life without ever realizing what it is that gets their heart pumping，mind racing.当一个人发现生活中真正的激情时，那一刻堪称生命的里程碑。大多数人终其一生都不明白什么能让他们心跳加速、大脑飞转。

7.being selfish

giving something of yourself without the desire for anything in return is one of the most beautiful things in the world.our society has taught us a “what do i get out of this” mentality which is breeding a generation of ’takers’。what we need more of is people who truly understand the power behind selflessness.世界上最美好的存在之一是付出而不求回报。这个社会总是让我们关心“我能得到什么”，于是我们变成了“索取的一代”。我们更需要那些能够真正懂得无私的伟大力量的人。

8.not having a release

with the constant stresses life places on us，we all need a release.finding a hobby，activity，or interest can be a life saver.take up tennis，join a local business group，or learn another language.without a release，life will almost assuredly bring you down.在生活给于的持久压力下，我们都需要放松。发现一个爱好，活动或兴趣可以成为我们生活中的“救生圈”。打打网球，参加一个当地的商业组织，或者学一门外语。缺少了放松，生活必定是令人失望的。

9.not bettering yourself

life is about growing，learning，and being a better person.never trying to improve yourself is a guaranteed path to living a completely average life.can anyone honestly say they want an average life？ of course not.生活就是不断成长，学习，完善自我的过程。从不努力提升自我是通往平庸生活的必经之路。说实话，有谁愿意过平庸的生活呢？当然没有。

10.being empty inside

if you are walking around feeling like there is something missing in your life，you are far from being alone.sadly，many people will spend their lives feeling this way.some fill this void with religion，some fill it by having children，and some even fill it with drugs or alcohol.如果你走来走去总会觉得生活中少了点什么，那么你就离孤独还远。不幸的是，很多人终其一生都有这种感觉。有人用宗教来弥补这种空虚，有人用孩子，还有的甚至用毒品和酒精。

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第二篇：钱钟书经典美文翻译

Business Sees Profits in Education: Challenging Public Schools By Irving H.Buchen

由于私人企业的介入，美国的教育正在经历一系列快速、惊人的变化。

1.Education in the United States is undergoing a rapid and dramatic series of changes caused by private enterprise moving into the field.教育吸引私人企业有三个原因。第一是财务上的回报。估计教育是个有6000亿美元的市场，超出国防部的预算。从幼儿园至12年级是最大的单个市场，1998年的价值达到了3100百亿美元。除此之外，人们对学习的毕生追求，企业与机构进行的培训项目是不断增长的领域。2.Education attracts the private sector for three reasons.First, it can be financially rewarding.Education is estimated to be a $600 billion market, more than the budget for the Department of Defense.The biggest single market is kindergarten through twelfth grade(K-12), valued at $310 billion in 1998.Additionally, lifelong learning and training programs for businesses and organizations are growing areas.第二，教育受到严重的压力，虽然内部尽全力进行改革，但人们对这个既有的体制信心不足。针对公共教育的种种败笔，居家自学者和公办民管学校有了增加，他们都是教育产品和教育服务的对象。居家自学者的家长们定期参加承办者们推荐其教育产品和教育服务的地区会议。

3.Second, education has received such a bad press that confidence in the established system is low in spite of all the internal efforts at reform.In response to public education's many failures, home schoolers and charter schools have increased, and both are customers for educational products and services.Home-schooling parents regularly attend regional conferences at which exhibitors offer their products and services.第三，教育就在人们身边，伸手可及。人们普遍认为专业的公共教育家们有充足的时间来彻底改变这一体制。私人企业即便是以营利为动力介入来纠正这种体制，只能怪教育家们自己，尤其是因为这类介入许诺会产生效果。

4.Third, education is there for the taking.The general attitude is that professional, public educators have had sufficient time to turn the system around.They have no one but themselves to blame for corrective intervention from the private sector, even if that intervention is financially motivated, and especially since these actions promise to achieve results.目前几乎所有在营销的新的教育产品和教育服务都带有技术的特征。这种技术能替代全部教师或减少教师的数量，从而解决一些传统教育中的致命弱点。譬如，替代教师只是降低了大量劳动密集型的教学过程导致的昂贵费用，而学生数量并没有减少。这样就取消了教师终身职位制，而终身制恰恰使那些既没有受过培训又没有水平，不适应变化及新方法的教员始终留在岗位上。这一技术最终犹如最好的教师，永远耐心温和。它适合每个学生的不同学习速度和知识水平，永不疲倦。

5.Almost all of the new educational products and services now being marketed bear the stamp of technology.Such technology replaces teachers altogether or reduces their number, thus solving several critical weaknesses in traditional education.For instance, replacing teachers reduces the high cost of an excessively labor-intensive instructional process while still serving the same number of students.Then, too, it eliminates tenure, which unfortunately locks in instructors who do not have the training or knowledge to keep up with changing fields and new approaches.Finally, technology, like the best of teachers, is infinitely patient and reassuring.It accommodates the speed of each student and his or her level of learning.It never wearies.以下描述的是竞争教育市场的多家不同公司，以其所采用的主导技术排列。由于情况一直在变化，也许不是所有的主要竞争对手都在此出现。其目的不在于提供一幅完整的图画而是要展现教育变化的广度。

6.Below is a description of the many different companies competing for the educational market, grouped by the main technology they use.Because the situation is in flux, not all the major players may appear here.The aim is not to produce a definitive picture but rather to demonstrate the extent to which education is changing.卫星连接 Satellite Links 拥有800多万学生观众的第一频道提供12到15分钟的新闻广播和适合不同年龄段的时事回顾。这一免费为学校提供的服务是由广告商赞助的。学生喜欢哪个设计师的品牌或他们爱看哪种电视广告的反馈则当作市场信息出售。

7.Channel One, viewed by over 8 million students, provides a 12-to 15-minute newscast and review of current events adjusted for different age groups.This service, free for schools, is sponsored by advertisers.Feedback from students as to what designer labels they prefer and what advertising they enjoy seeing on TV is then sold as marketing data.教育管理集团为4000多个教室开通虚拟旅行。集团花费3万美元为教室配备了卫星实况转播装置和交互对话装置，因此学生可以直接向在世界各地景点的电视制作人员提出问题。摄制景点包括考古、水下探险、科学实验室以及艺术家工作室。

8.The Educational Management Group provides virtual voyages for over 4,000 classrooms.For $30,000, the company equips classrooms with a live satellite link and interactive speaker phones so that students can ask questions directly to a traveling series of TV crews visiting sites all over the world.Visits include archaeological sites, underwater explorations, scientific labs and artists' studios.软件 Software 卢卡斯学习创办于1998年的秋季。公司采用星球大战的样式为10至14岁儿童讲授基本科学原理。例如，他们第一个软件产品是星球大战德劳特工厂。软件以一个机器人工厂为背景，向学生解释设计制造机器人涉及到的能量、光学、磁性、工程学和机械装置原理及应用。9.Lucas learning was launched in the fall of 1998.The company uses the Star Wars format to teach 10 to14 year-olds basic scientific principles.For example, their first software product is Star Wars Droid Works.Set on the floor of a robot factory, it takes students through all the principles and applications of energy, light, magnetism, engineering and motion necessary to design and build robots.学习公司与布罗特邦德由布罗特邦德软件公司（产品有卡门圣地亚哥和奥秘）与学习公司（产品有马雅探索）最近合并而成。这家新公司注册用户增加了1倍，达到2000万。最流行的软件程序有点击艺术、家谱制作、打印工艺、游戏策略、红眼孩子及泥球墙，这些软件用来开发8至12岁儿童的逻辑思维技能。

10.The Learning Company and Broderbund is the result of a recent merger between Broderbund Software(which produces Carmen San Diego and Myst)and the Learning Company(which produced MayaQuest), this new company has almost doubled its registered users to about 20 million.Some of the most popular software programs are Click Art, Family Tree Maker, The Print Shop, Games Strategies, Red Orb Kids, and Mudball Wall(which build the logic skills of 8 to 12 year-olds).计算机课程公司是从幼儿园至12年级的软件最大的提供商。这个公司50个不同的程序对学生和教师都适合。公司提供追踪个别学生和全班学生之需求与进步的程序，使教师能判断学生的不足之处并每周给出进步情况的报告。最新的教具之一是一个帮助运作和协调学校课程计划的程序。

11.The Computer Curriculum Corporation is the largest K-12 software provider.CCC's 50 different programs are both student-and teacher-friendly.The company provides programs that monitor the needs and progress of individual students as well as an entire class, enabling teachers to diagnose student deficiencies and give weekly progress reports.One of the newest teacher aids is a program that helps to manage and co-ordinate school lesson plans.MindQ Publishing 在成人计算机的开发市场上取得了极大的成功。MindQ目前有两百多家用户，如，国际商业机器公司、Sun、和微软公司。MindQ用爪哇学院软件培训员工爪哇的程序编制技术。它还为家庭个别教学提供光盘，或针对某个公司的需要专门设计一整套计算机课程程序。

12.MindQ Publishing has been extremely successful in the adult computer development market.Currently used by over 200 companies such as IBM, Sun and Microsoft, MindQ trains employees in Java programming skills with its software Java Academy.MindQ provides CD-Roms for individual instruction at home, or it can design an entire computer curriculum tailored to the needs of a specific company.因特网 The Internet 大多数在因特网上提供教育产品和服务的公司致力于员工和管理业务培训。电脑学校声称全校有3万名学生通过电子邮件进行计算机培训、现场聊天、诊断错误和个别指导。Pensare用一种游戏形式为1.6万名接受管理培训的用户模拟实际公司场景。全球执行委员会力图使最高管理层不太孤寡：其5000名总经理成员能与近350个旗鼓相当的顾问团体进行接触，探讨问题，交换意见，或是交换竞争经历。国际生产力尖端在全美150个左右的培训中心培训约100万名员工，还可通过远程教育实施培训。

13.Most of the companies offering educational products and services on the Internet are targeting businesses for employee and management training.Cyber School claims to have 30,000 student employees involved in computer training, live chat sessions, diagnostics and personal tutoring by e-mail.Pensare uses a game format to simulate actual corporate situations for its 16,000 management trainee users.The Executive Committee(TEC)Worldwide is dedicated to making it less lonely at the top: Its 5,000 CEO members can contact nearly 350 peer advisory groups in order to share problems, exchange ideas, or swap war stories.Productivity Point International trains about 1 million employees at some 150 training centers around the United States, but its training is also available through distance education.对于孩子们来说，还有妈妈传媒, 这是一家据称有9万名12岁以下孩子注册的因特网教育公司。由麻省理工学院毕业生创建的妈妈传媒要求家长而不是教师对其内容及链接进行选择。公司对学习主题强调三个X：探索（exploration），表述（expression），交换（exchange）。公司提供与笔友联络的软件；传授诸如素描、绘画和摄影等爪哇工作室技术，提供让青少年谈论他们学习和生活的网页。

14.For kids, there's MaMaMedia, an Internet educational company that claims to have 90,000 registered users under the age of 12.Created by MIT graduates, MaMaMedia seeks parental, rather than teacher, endorsement of its content and linkages.The company's learning themes emphasize the “three X's”: exploration, expression, and exchange.This company offers a program to link pen pals;teaches Java Studio skills such as drawing, painting and photography, and provides Web pages where teenagers can chat about their learning and living.至于成年人，有一所即将问世的知识大学，计划为公司和个人提供高等教育和培训。这家新的企业由大提供商--知识宇宙拥有。对此后面再作详细描绘。

15.For adults, there's the soon-to-be-launched Knowledge University, which plans to offer post-secondary education and training to corporations and individuals.This new venture is owned by mega-supplier Knowledge Universe, to be described in greater detail later.根据位于康涅狄格州斯坦福的一家信息技术咨询公司加特纳集团的消息，美国别的提供网上教学的大学从1995年的25% 增加到1998年的65%。加特那集团预测这个数字在2001年还会增至80%。

16.As for other universities in the United States, 65% were offering online courses in 1998, up from 25% in 1995, according to Gartner Group, an information technology consulting firm in Stanford, Connecticut.The group projects that figure will rise to 80% by 2001.辅导 Tutoring

成绩！属于卡普兰教育中心考前准备公司。它为大约两万名学生提供个别辅导。这一体制按照体育模式，强调学习小组，教师起拉拉队长的作用。现实生活和电子良师提供一对一的学术和职业咨询。公司的数据库里拥有有关未来职业的最新信息。洛杉矶刚选择成绩！为25所公共学校提供辅导。

17.Score!is owned by the test prep company Kaplan Educational Centers.It offers personal coaching to some 20,000 students.The system is based on a sports model, which emphasizes study teams;teachers function as cheerleaders.Real life and electronic mentors offer one-on-one academic and career counseling.The company's database contains up-to-date information on future careers.Los Angeles just selected Score!to provide tutoring at 25 public schools.思尔文学习系统最近与美国微波通信公司合作创建了100多个实验中心，学生课外可以在那里接受高度复杂的技术培训。40多个类似的中心仿照Caliber Learning Network，已为3万多位学生提供了服务。很快思尔文将雄心勃勃地推广其服务：尤其是想吸引空闲中的居家自学者。

18.Sylvan Learning Systems recently partnered with MCI to create over 100 pilot centers where students can receive highly sophisticated technology training after school.Over 40 such centers, dubbed the Caliber Learning Network, have served over 30,000 students.Sylvan will soon aggressively market its services;it will especially try to attract home schoolers during their off hours.电脑化考试

Computerized Testing 依据个人考试结果来提供教学与建议的电脑化考试方法进一步弱化了教师的角色。最初为美国海军陆战队开发的微型猫，用来评估阅读、语法和数学的技能。教育考试中心和美国空军设计的HyDrive用来测试知识水准和解决问题的能力，并给予更正反馈。教科书出版社艾迪生韦斯利研制的指南针，根据学生的考试结果推荐学习计划。电子阅卷机最终自动按照句法、词汇、结构批改文章。教育考试中心还在对电子阅卷机作改进：目标是让电子评估与人工评估的一致性达到85%。

19.Computerized testing methods that can provide instruction or suggestions based on an individual's test result are further diminishing the role of the teacher.Micro-Cat, originally developed for the U.S.Marine Corps, evaluates reading, grammar, and math skill.HyDrive, designed by the Educational Testing Service(ETS)and the U.S.Air Force, tests both knowledge and problem solving ability, it also gives corrective feedback.Compass recommends study plans based on a student's test results;it was created by text book publisher Addison Wesley.Finally, E-Rater automatically score essays for syntax, vocabulary, and organization.It is still being developed by ETS: The goal is for 85% agreement between E-Rater and human evaluations.书籍，玩具和电视

Books, Toys, and Television 尽管对尖端技术的依赖不是很大，以下的公司、产品和服务同样也在打入教育市场： 英国出版大亨皮尔逊拥有企鹅图书和金融时报。通过一连串的收购，兼并或联营还拥有或管理着西蒙和舒斯特、艾迪生韦斯利、学徒馆和其他出版社的教育分支。这是世界上最大的教育出版社。皮尔逊还利用它的金融基础开发了一系列的金融投资、金融风险管理软件程序，并提供从打字到语言学的培训软件。

聪明小丑是一家适合高消费阶层的教育类的玩具商店，连锁店遍布全美。聪明小丑不时使用或展示他们的教学玩具，为家长和孩子设计特别教育程序。商店里备有电脑，孩子们可以随时上电子网，那是公司为孩子制作的每月时事通讯。另外一家叫跳蛙的玩具公司，用具有视音触摸的掌上玩具进行阅读、拼写和字母教学。以斯坦福教授罗伯特•卡尔斐开发的语音系统为基础，跳蛙玩具直接进入学校进行营销或通过玩具店销售。通过剧场有线电视公司播出的布卢线索系列，每周有500多万观众，比巴尼和芝麻街的收视率还要高。其观众在标准考试中的成绩要比不看此节目的人要好。布卢线索的观众可以和主持人一起通过寻找线索--一只卡通小狗布卢的爪印--整理分析这些线索来解决问题。

美国儿童发现中心声称大约有两万名学生在中心学习语言技术、逻辑思维及相互配合能力。中心致力于培养全方位的孩子，其方法之一就是给每个孩子充分的活动空间，他们认为这样会启发孩子们的思考能力。

20.Although less reliant on cutting edge technology, the following companies, products and services are also entering the education market:

21.The British publishing giant Pearson owns Penguin Books and the Financial Times.Through a series of acquisitions, mergers and alliances, it also owns or manages the education divisions of Simon & Schuster, Addison Wesley, Prentice Hall and others.It is the biggest educational publisher in the world.Using its financial base, Pearson has developed a series of software programs on investment banking and financial risk management.It also offers training software for subjects from typing to linguistics.22.Zany Brainy is an educational, upscale toy store with franchises all over the United States.Zany Brainy has designed special educational programs for parents and kids, usually using or demonstrating their teaching toys.The stores are equipped with computers where kids can access e-line, the company's monthly newsletter for kids.Another toy company, LeapFrog, teaches reading, spelling, and the alphabet with hand-held toys that combine touch, sight and sound.Based on a phonics system developed by Stanford professor Robert Calfee, LeapFrog toys are marketed directly to schools and through toy stores.23.The Blue's Clues series, from cable TV company Nickelodeon, has over five million weekly viewers, which is a higher rating than Barney or Seasame Street.This show's viewers outperform non-viewers on standardized tests.On Blue's Clues, viewers join the host in solving a problem by searching for clues-indicated by pawprints of the cartoon puppy “Blue”-and putting the clues together.24.Children's Discovery Centers of America claim some 20,000 students who learn language skills, logical thinking and cooperative play.The Centers seek to address the “Whole child.” One of their techniques is to give each child plenty of physical space and permission to move around, which they believe liberates a child's thinking.管理方法

Administrative Approaches

除了通过技术更新，企业家、教师、家长还力图通过管理、组织和教学法的变化来提高教育质量。以下扼要地介绍这方面的努力。

25.Entrepreneurs, teachers and parents are seeking to improve education through administrative, organizational and methodological changes in addition to technological improvements.The following is a summary of these efforts.爱迪生项目

The Edison Project 这种方法或许是最有争议、最具攻击性的。但事实上爱迪生项目接管和管理了公立学校并产生利润。克里斯•惠特尔是爱迪生项目的主席，又是第一频道的初创者。爱迪生项目有“技术是第二语言”这类课程，需要更多的课时，包括暑期，要定期对教师和学生的表现作出评价。估计爱迪生项目目前管理着48所学校，据推断1998年的利润达到1.25亿。

26.This method is probably the most controversial and invasive: Public schools are actually taken over and run by the Edison Project at a profit.Chris Whittle, president of the Edison Project, was also the creator of Channel One.The Edison Project features courses such as “Technology as a Second Language”;requires more hours of school attendance, including summers, and regularly assesses both teacher and student performance.Edison now manages an estimated 48 schools and projected a profit of $125 million for 1998.公管民办学校 Charter Schools

另一类学校由教育董事会授权开办并接受公共基金, 他们从同类小学和中学吸引学生,但其规模通常要比这些学校小许多。1998年，美国有800所这类公管民办学校。通常学生家长也积极参与。当一个学生转到一所公管民办学校，这个地区就失去一份资金，因为这个学生的教育金配额被转到了这个公管民办学校。

现在来评判公管民办学校的功效还为时过早。但支持者却相信特别的关注和较小的规模自然会带来变化。多数州限制公管民办学校的数量，但最近加利福尼亚取消这个限制的做法也许会蔓延到其他州。由克莱纳•珀金斯风险投资家 John Doerr领导的家长和企业经理同盟成功地去除了对加利福尼亚的公管民办学校的封顶。Doerr进行冒险活动的主要伙伴是科技网，这是一个活跃的硅谷政治活动积极分子组织。

27.Usually much smaller than the comparable elementary, middle or high school room from which they draw students, these alternative schools are “chartered” by boards of education to operate.The charter authorizes the school to operate and to receive public funds.There were 800 charter schools in the United States in 1998.Normally a group of parents is heavily involved.When a student transfers to a charter school, the district loses funding because the educational allotment for that student is given to the charter school.28.It is too soon to gauge the effectiveness of charter schools, but proponents believe that the special attention and smaller size will automatically make a difference.Most states limit the number of charter schools, but a recent breakthrough in California may spread to other states: A coalition of parents and business executives, led by John Doerr, the Kleiner Perkins venture capitalist, succeeded in removing California's charter school cap.Doerr's major corporate partner in this venture was Tech-Net, a Silicon Valley political activist group.居家自学

Home Schooling 尽管居家自学的人数估计在100万上下，但很多人认为实际人数会更高。难以估计这一数字的部分原因在于居家自学人数一直在增加。最初家长是出于宗教原因使他们对一些课程的授课方法有异议，现在由于担心孩子的安全及教学质量使得居家自学流行开来。很多居家自学学生所在的地段没有合适的私人或教会学校可供选择。

居家自学的家长们通过相互沟通，强烈要求地方学校为他们提供实验室、健身房、艺术工作室、剧院和图书馆之便利，他们已扭转了趋势。最终的结果是居家自学者不再像当初那样孤立了。最重要的是科技业已成为最高平衡器，提供给居家自学者的教育产品常常超越一般学校所拥有的产品。最后，居家自学日程安排机动灵活，可把家庭度假包括在上课和学习时间内。居家自学同一般学校教育相比至少是一样成功，要是照标准化考试来衡量，则常常胜过一筹。

29.Although the estimated number of home-schooled students is about one million, many believe the actual number is higher.Part of the difficulty in estimating is that home schooling is growing.Originally impelled by parents whose religious views led them to object to the way certain subjects were taught, home schooling has caught on with parents who are concerned about their children's safety and quality of learning.Many home schoolers are located in areas with no viable private or parochial school alternatives.30.Home-schooling parents have transformed the movement by affiliating with each other and aggressively petitioning local schools to provide them with access to laboratories, gymnasiums, art studios, theaters and libraries.The net result is that home schooling is not as isolated as it was initially.Above all, technology has been the supreme equalizer by providing home schoolers with educational products that often surpass those available in regular schools.Finally, the home-school calendar is flexible and can include family vocations as school and study time.Home schooling is at least as successful as regular schooling, and often superior, as measured by standardized tests.知识宇宙

Knowledge Universe

营业额超过十亿多美元的大品牌公司“知识宇宙”，是一家最为广泛的教育竞争商与供应商，由 Oracle 亿万富翁总经理拉里•埃利森和有风险债券名声的迈克尔•米尔肯共同创建，目的是想提供一种终生的教育产品和服务。

知识宇宙已经全部或是部分地拥有上面谈到过的五家公司：美国儿童发现中心，Mind Q's Java Academy, 知识大学，世界技术教育理事会以及跳蛙。估计这些公司价值40亿到60亿美元。知识宇宙还看中了另外31家公司准备加以收购。其中一家便是管理着100家预备学校和三十多家私立学校的诺贝尔动态教育中心。该中心将在1999年接管第一家公管民办学校。

31.With revenues of over $1billion, Knowledge Universe is the most extensive educational competitor and supplier-a mega-brand.The brain-child of Larry Ellison, billionaire CEO of Oracle, and Michael Milken of junk-bond fame, the company aims to provide a lifetime of educational products and services.32.Knowledge Universe already owns in whole or in part five of the companies discussed above: Children's Discovery Centers of America, MindQ's Java Adademy, Knowledge University, TEC Worldwide, and LeapFrog.These companies are estimated to be worth $4 billion-$6 billion.Knowledge Universe has also identified 31 additional industry segments for acquisition.One such candidate is Nobel Education Dynamics, which operates 100 pre-schools and over 30 private schools;Nobel will take over its first charter school in 1999 教育的未来

The Future of Education 显然，三个R 将会被三个T加以补充：技术，协作和转换。爱迪生项目是对的：技术是一种崭新的语言，应该有它自身的课程。Pensare公司和成绩!公司明智地强调配合与协作的学习--这是集体解决难题的团队精神的教育翻版。这类学习方法同样也培养了社区与社会能力。

33.Clearly, the three R's will be supplemented by the three T's: Technology, Teaming, and Transference.The Edison Project is correct: technology is a new language and deserving of its own curriculum.Pensare and Score!rightly emphasize cooperative and collaborative learning-the educational version of corporate problem-solving teams.This approach to learning also builds community and social skills.21世纪研究生英语综合教程翻译1 2009-03-08 11:00 BOOK 1 UNIT 1 Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.Because of the sizable colonial trades with many overseas areas, the gold and silver coins of all the important commercial countries of Europe and their dependencies in the Western Hemisphere were freely exchanged throughout the eastern seaboard.More important than English coins, which could not be legally exported from Britain to the colonies, were the sliver coins of the Spanish mint.These were struck in Mexico City and Lima and introduced into the Spanish colonies.Spanish dollars were so common in the colonies that the coin was eventually adopted as the monetary unit of the United States.由于殖民地与许多海外地区的大量贸易，所有欧洲重要商业国以及它们在西半球领地的金银铸币在北美东海岸都可以 自由交换。由于法律不允许英国货币从英国流向殖民地，相比之下，西班牙的货币更加重要。这些货币在墨西哥城及利 马铸造，再进入西班牙殖民地。西班牙币在殖民地被普遍使用，以至于这种硬币最后成为美国货币单位。

Although Massachusetts first attempted to mint coins of low bullion content as early as 1652, the colonies eventually turned to paper to increase their meager and undependable money supply.The promissory notes of well-known individuals and bills of exchange drawn on English merchants readily exchanged hands for several months.In addition, treasures of the various colonies began to issue promissory notes in advance of tax collection and issue written orders to town officers requiring the payments of obligations from local stores, like other negotiable instruments, these pieces of paper were exchanged on endorsement as money.虽然早在1652 年马萨诸塞率先铸造低含金量的硬币，但殖民地最后转而印制纸币以补充短缺且不可靠的货币供给。著名人士的期票与签发给英国商人的汇票几个月内就能顺利转手。此外，各个殖民地的财政部门开始在收税前签发期票，同时向城镇官员下达书面命令要当地店铺履行付款义务，如其他可转让的单据一样，这些票据经背书后可作为货币进行交换。B.Translate the following sentences into English.1、随着我国加入世界贸易组织，国有银行面临的压力越来越大，为了尽快解决资本充足率以及扩大规模，这家大银行打算与其他两家小银行合并。(merge)

With China’s successful entry into the WTO, state-owned banks are faced with more and more pressure.The big bank intends to merge with two small banks so as to quickly solve the problem of capital insufficiency and enlarge its scale.2、受全球经济衰退和通货膨胀的影响，这个城市的许多小企业已经破产或者被大公司兼并，导致大量工人面临失业的困境。(swallow up)

Because of the recessionary effect on global economy and inflation, many small businesses in this city have gone bankrupt or have been swallowed up by giant corporations.It leads to a large number of workers facing unemployment.3、他没有娶她。他认为尽管怜悯近于爱，但是不同的。他希望为爱情而结婚，而不是为了怜悯。(akin to)He didn't marry her, because he felt that although pity was closely akin to love, they were still different.He was eager to marry for love, not pity.4、网络教育似乎是一种极好的教育方式，它能够触及到一大批潜在的学生，而且可以减少传统学校教育所需要的高额的基础设施及人力费用。（infrastructure；curtail）

Web-based training and learning seems to be a perfect way to reach a huge pool of potential students, as well as curtail the high infrastructure and personnel costs of traditional schooling.5、随着这个城镇经济的发展，当地政府打算为老年人建立一所一流的养老院。(tailor for/to)With the growing of this town's economy, local government intends to tailor a first-class nursing home for the needs of the elderly.6、政府撤销对金融市场的管制有利于经济全球化的发展，但同时也给国内经济造成了一些负面影响。（deregulation）

7、但愿我的弟弟别再整天玩网络游戏了，否则，他将无法完成学业。（desist from）

I wish my little brother would desist from playing network games all day, otherwise he would have to discontinue his studies.8、一家店铺开始延长营业时间，同一条街上的其他商店也都跟着做。（follow suit）

One shop began to prolong the shop hours, and all other shops along the same street followed suit.9、随着1997 年许多东亚国家经济中出现的戏剧性的货币贬值，这些国家遭受了急剧而且徘徊不去的经济衰退。这种结果违反了贬值使国内生产的商品更便宜而应当提高产量的观点。（depreciation）

Following the dramatic currency depreciations in many East Asian economies in 1997,these countries suffered sharp and lingering recessions.This outcome runs counter to the notion that depreciations ought to boost output because they make domestically produced goods cheaper.BOOK 1 UNIT 2 2 A.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(1)Not all regions will experience equal warming.Some areas may become much hotter and drier, while others actually experience colder weather.Other predicted effects of global warming include melting of the polar ice caps, flooding of coastlines, severe storms, changes in precipitation patterns, and widespread changes in the existing ecological balance.Current models predict a rise in global sea levels of 15-95 centimeters over the next century, high enough to put the homes of a third of the world’s population underwater.Infectious diseases may increase due to an expansion of habitat for disease vectors like mosquitoes.Many species may be unable to adapt to such swift changes in the climate, and may become extinct.并非所有地区的气候都会经历同样的气候变暖的情况，有些地区会变得更干更热，然而另外一些地区则会遭遇较冷的天气。全球气候变暖可能产生的预期结果包括极地冰雪融化，海洋沿线被淹没，剧烈的暴风雨，降雨模式的改变，以及现有生态平衡的广泛变化等等。根据目前的模式，据估计在下一个世纪中全球海平面将上升15-95 厘米。这足以把世界上三分之一人口的家园淹没。由于像蚊子一样传播疾病的昆虫的栖息地的扩大，传染性疾病也将变得越来越多，许多物种或许将不能适应如此剧烈的气候变化而最终灭绝。

(2)At the end of the day, however, the only real, long-term ―solution‖ to the climate crisis has been overlooked by all our leaders.Without adapting our economics, we will simply be greening individual leaves on a dying tree.Our government, in line with its predecessors, is wedded to the belief that increased global trade is automatically a good thing.Thus, it has supported endless subsidies, both direct and indirect, that can benefit only the big corporations producing for long-distance export.但是，一切都考虑进去了之后，那个长期的真正能够解决环境危机的方法却被所有的领导人忽视了。倘若不去调整我们的经济，我们将只能是绿化垂死的树上的个别叶子。我们的政府，和它的前任们一样，坚持认为持续增长的全球贸易理所当然是一件好事情。因此，政府给予了无数直接或间接的资助。这些资助只能使那些生产远距离出口商品的大公司获益。B.Translate the following sentences into English.1、在环境危机问题上，与其拿出一个不怎么有效的提案，还不如没有提案，因为提案一旦做出，政治家们就会在其后一段时间内把环境问题放在一边。(be better off;clean slate)As to the climate crisis, we are better off with a clean slate than a weak proposal.Because once the proposal is made, politicians will close the climate chapter for some time.2、她开始意识到，她的持续的腹痛是由于食用了上周在当地超市贱卖的熏肉而引起的。(cotton on;on offer)She’s cottoned on that her constant stomachache was caused by eating the smoked meat on offer last week at the local market.3、那位超级明星突然造访一座海滨小城，第二天这则消息在当地报纸的头版显著刊登。（descend on;splash across）

That superstar descended on a small coastal town, which was splashed across the front page of the local newspaper.4、他立足商界的最后一搏失败了，这似乎令人沮丧，但从长远来看，这也未尝不是一件好事，他可以从中学到很多。（last-ditch effort;be for the best）

His last-ditch effort to win a place in the business world collapsed, which seemed frustrating.But it was also for the best.From the failure, he could learn a lot.5、父母把自己的爱和关怀无私慷慨地给予了孩子。然而，当他们年迈之时，其中一些却只能无奈地独自生活。（lavish on;be condemned to）

Parents lavish their love and care on their children.However, when they become old, some of them arecondemned to live alone.6、我国现任的政治领导和他们的前任们一样坚信，在反腐问题上没有退缩。（in line with;be wedded to）

The present political leaders of our country, in line with his predecessors, were wedded to the belief that we should not retreat in the action against corruption.7、多亏了政府的资助和好心人的捐款，那些贫困地区失学的孩子们才得以重返校园。（by courtesy of）

The school dropouts in poverty-stricken areas came back to school by courtesy of the subsidies from government and donations from the kind people.8、在当地政府的有效组织之下，洪灾所造成的损失被降到了最低程度。（water down）Under the effective organization of the local government, the damage caused by the flood has been watered down to the minimum.9、在经济发展上，超级大国走在了前面，把其他国家远远甩在了后面，但这并不是说，他们在一切问题上都说了算。（forge ahead）

Superpowers forge ahead in economic development, leaving other countries far behind.But it doesn’t necessarily follow that they have the final say in everything.BOOK1 UNIT 3 A.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.3 According to researchers from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID), monkeys can be protected against the SARS virus using a single dose of a test vaccine sprayed into the nose.Meanwhile, a team of scientists in Holland has successfully protected ferrets from the virus by treating them with human antibodies.据美国国家过敏和传染病中心（NIAID）的研究人员说，往猴子的鼻内喷一次测试疫苗，猴子就可以免得非典。同时，一些荷兰的科学家已经成功地利用人类抗体保护白鼬不受病毒侵袭。

The NIAID research team, led by Alexander Bukreyev, treated four monkeys with a test vaccine produced by inserting the gene responsible for producing a key SARS protein(known as SARS-S)into a weakened version of a human influenza virus.A further four monkeys received an inactive placebo vaccine;in all eight monkeys, the treatments were sprayed directly into the monkeys’ nostrils.由亚历山大.波可乐耶夫领导的NIAID 科研小组把产生主要非典蛋白的基因（叫做SARS-S）插入一种削弱的人类流感病毒，并用这样培养出来的试验疫苗治疗猴子。另外四个猴子给以安慰疫苗。把所有的药直接喷进猴子的鼻腔。

One month after immunizations, both groups were deliberately infected with the SARS virus.The researchers found replicated virus in samples taken from the respiratory tracts of the animals that had received the placebo vaccine, a sign that immunization had failed.In contrast, animals that had received the full vaccine showed no such signs.免疫接种后一个月，两组猴子都被感染上非典。研究人员发现，从接种安慰剂的猴子的呼吸道的取样中有复制的病毒，这表明免疫接种失败。而在接受正常疫苗的猴子身上却没有这种症状。

B.Translate the following sentences into English.1、尽管他的科研工作不断出现困难，但他都一一克服了，并最终发现了这种新的元素。（crop up）

Though difficulties kept on cropping up in his work, he still succeeded in finding this new element after solving all the problems.2、火车以飞快的速度行驶，一天的旅行就把他从白雪皑皑的北国带到了赤日炎炎的南方。(at a good clip)The train was moving at such a good clip that one day’s travel brought him to the south with scorching sun from the northern part of the country covered with white snow.3、第一次出海航行时，由于发动机出现了故障，这艘船在大海中由风浪任意摆布。(at the mercy of)During her first voyage to the sea, the ship’s engine break down, so she left at the mercy of the rough sea.To our relief ,the vote in this assembly stopped certain countries from containing China.4、一些公司贪求利润而置农民工的利益于不顾，政府部门最近收到许多拖欠工资的投诉。（bombard）

While seeking after their own profit, some companies ignore the farmer workers’ interest.Recently, the government has been bombarded with the complaints about delayed payment.5、随着亚洲的一些国家发生禽流感，我国加强了对从这些国家进口食品的严格监控。(surveillance)With the bird flu emerging in some Asian countries, our government has placed the imported food under close surveillance.6、虽然经济全球化给一些中国人带来了绝对的机遇，但它给其他人所带来的挑战也是很明显的。(unmistakable)While economic globalization has brought absolute opportunities to some Chinese , the challenges it causes to others are also unmistakable.7、令我们欣慰的是，这次大会中的投票表决挫败了某些国家遏制中国的企图。(contain)To our relief ,the vote in this assembly stopped certain countries from containing China.8、在有些人，谚语“三岁看到老”的说法是真的，但有许多人不是这种经历。(seal)With some people , the old saying ―One’s character at three years old seals his fate.‖is true, but there are many people with different experiences.BOOK 1 UNIT 4 A.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.What is feminism? By general definition, feminism is a philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued.It is based on social, political and economic equality for women.Feminists can be anyone in the population, men, women, girls or boys.Feminism can also be described as a movement, a revolution that includes women and men who wish the world to be equal without boundaries.何谓女权主义？据一般定义，女权主义是女性及其贡献得到重视的哲学。它建立在女性的社会、政治、经济权利平等基

础之上。任何人，男人、女人、男孩、女孩，都可以成为女权主义者。女权主义也可被描述为一种运动，一场革命，在

这种运动或革命中男人女人们希望世界平等无界。

These boundaries or blockades are better known as discrimination and biases against gender, sexual orientation, age, marital 4 status and economic status.Everyone views the world with his or her own sense of gender and equality.Feminists view the world as being unequal.They wish to see the gender gap and the idea that men are superior to women decreased or even abolished.这种界线或障碍就是广为大家所知的针对性别、性取向、年龄、婚姻状况和经济状况的歧视和偏见。每个人都以他/她自

己的性别观和平等观来看待这个世界。女权主义者认为这个世界不平等。他们希望看到性别差异减小，男人优于女人的 观念减退，并直至消失。

B.Translate the following sentences into English.1、赛珍珠（Pearl Sydenstricker Buck）生于传教士家庭，随父母在中国生活了17 年，深受中国文化的熏陶。（be saturated with/in）-----Pearl Sydenstricker Buck was born to parents who were missionaries.She, along lived in China for seventeen years, and was saturated in Chinese culture.2、你父母那么爱你，你竟这样粗暴地对待他们，你如何能为自己的行为辩解？（justify）How can you justify your rude behavior towards your parents who love you so much?

3、他已经长大了，不再有青春期抽烟喝酒的习惯了。（outgrow）

He has grown up and has outgrown the adolescent bad habits of smoking and drinking.4、我们认为这是不言自明的：任何国家都不应该干涉他国内政，大国尤其如此。(be true of)We hold this to be self-evident that no state is in the position to interfere with the domestic affairs of other nations.This is especially true of great powers.5、家道中落之前，他们无法想象自己会对住小房子、吃干面包、喝白开水的简朴生活也很知足。(content with)Before they came down in the world ,they couldn’t imagine that they would content themselves with the simple life : a small room ,dry bread and plain boiled water.6、虽然歹徒夸口绝不会给活捉，但是被围之后，他毫不反抗就屈服了。(submit to)Though he boasted he would never be taken alive, the outlaw submitted to the police without a struggle when surrounded.7、为了接受高等教育，她强烈地与父亲认为女人注定一生围着厨房转的观念抗争。（be doomed to)In order to have her higher education ,she has to contend fiercely with her father who believes that women are doomed to spending their life at the kitchen sink.8、这位单身母亲给女儿灌输的都是些女权主义观点。(instill in)It is feminism that the single mother has instilled in her daughter.BOOK 1 UNIT 5 A.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.The fact that our computer network is so advanced will also soon give us the opportunity to share our teaching expertise with local companies and even other universities;a dedicated center for distance learning is already under discussion.We will increasingly use internet based computer courses, to enhance our own teaching and also to reach students outside the University.That doesn’t mean computer terminals will displace people;students are always going to need advice and high quality tuition on the spot.我们的计算机网络相当先进，不久就会使我们有机会和地方公司甚至其他大学共享我们的教学专长。一个专门服务于远 程学习的中心已在酝酿之中。我们将越来越多地利用基于因特网的计算机课程，提高我们自己的教学水平，同时也使校 外的学生有机会学习。这并不意味着计算机终端将会取代人，学生永远需要当场建议和高质量的面授。

But it does mean we can refine our teaching courses over time and make them available in the manner of textbooks.Within the university itself, access is going to remain our key priority.We’re striving to demystify Cambridge and increase the proportion of state school students we take.We want to ensure that ethnic minority, overseas and disabled applicants are encouraged and supported.但这的确意味着我们可以逐步完善我们的教学课程，并使之以课本的形式让大家得到。就我们大学自身来讲，提供更多 的入学机会将仍是我们的头等大事。我们在努力解除剑桥的神秘感，增加录取公立中学毕业生的比率。我们要确保鼓励

和支持少数民族、外国和残疾的申请者。

We want to secure women’s full participation in the university and increase their representation in top academic posts.We want to encourage alumni to take more interest in Cambridge so we can draw on their expertise and experience.我们希望确保妇女全面参与大学的事务，增加她们在高级学术职位方面的代表性。我们要鼓励校友们更加关心剑桥，用 他们的专长和经验为母校服务。

B.Translate the following sentences into English.1、按照我朋友的建议，这个房间由一个单人卧室改成了一间书房。（convert from...to /into...）At my friend’s suggestion, the room was converted from a single bedroom to a bathroom.2、人们一提到西安就会联想到大雁塔和兵马俑。（connect with）5 People always connect Xi’an with the Big Goose Pagoda and Terracotta Warriors and Horses.3、大学生要有使用好图书馆的条件，只有这样，他们的知识面才会拓宽。（access to）College students must have access to a good library, through which their knowledge and experience can be broadened.4、水坝不太坚固，挡不住洪水，结果河水冲破堤岸，淹没了河边的房子。（hold back）The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters, so that the river had burst its banks and flooded the houses by the river.5、她的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。同时，她父母的话对她也是极大的鼓舞。（due to）Her success was largely due to her efforts.Also her parents’ words were a great encouragement to her.6、通过参与制定实习计划的过程，我和我的小组成员不得不为学生确定意向学习目标。（field trip）

Through participating in the process of planning our field trip, my group members and I had to identify our intended learning goals for the students.7、在报复心的驱使下，我给办公室的每个人发了一封电子邮件，信的开头如下：“很抱歉地通知你，你已经错过了这次 机会。„„”（as follow）I did in the spirit of revenge by sending an e-mail to everyone in the office which began as follow: “ we regret to inform you that you have missed this opportunity,…‖

8、尽管期望这种集成电路作为一种锁存器电路，它也可以当作推荐的标准触发器。（function as）

Even though this IC(integrated circuit)is supposed to work as a latch circuit, it can also be made to function as RS(recommended standard)flip-flop.BOOK 1 UNIT 6 A.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.1.The United States didn’t initiate crude forms of ethnic and racist hatred, which constitute some of terrorism’s roots, but

neither is it completely innocent.In the Middle East, geopolitical and economic considerations supposedly dictate U.S.support of both Israeli democracy and the ―moderate‖ state of Saudi Arabia.美国并未激起产生恐怖主义根源的原始的民族和种族仇恨，然而，美国也并不能完全脱离干系。在中东地区，基于地域

和经济上的考虑使得美国不得不既支持以色列的民主形式，又支持沙特阿拉伯的温和立场。Yet such support does more to sustain and intensify destructive forms of nationalism than to ensure economic and military security.Israeli domination of the occupied territories fuels Arab militancy.The Saudi regime survives in part by tacitly encouraging its fundamentalist critics to vent their domestic political anger on the United States and Israel.然而，这种支持更多地支持和加剧了灾难性的民族主义，而并没有使经济和军事上的安全得到保证。以色列对占领区的

控制使得阿拉伯人越来越多地采取暴力手段。沙特政权之所以能够幸存下来部分上是由于政府总在默默地鼓励基督教原

教旨主义者把他们对国内政治的不满发泄在美国和以色列身上。

2.Patricia Hewitt speaks softly.She constructs her sentences carefully.When she gets passionate, her voice tends to quiver.“After September 11, we began to make quite a powerful coalition around the world against terrorism.帕蒂西•赫威特轻声地说着，她措辞相当谨慎。当她激动的时候，她的声音有些颤抖，“在911 事件，我们开始在全球范围 内建立一个强有力的反恐联盟。

But if we are going to have a durable, a really powerful international coalition against terrorism and for greater security, then we have to have an equally powerful economic coalition—in other words, a coalition for free and fair trade around the world, because we will never deal with terrorism and other threats to world peace if we don’t deal with the hunger and misery and frustration across the developing world.‖ 但是如果我们要建立一个持久的、真正强有力的国际反恐联盟来确保安全，那么我们就得建立一个同样强有力的经济联

盟。因为倘若我们不去整个发展中国家所面临的饥饿、苦难、挫败等问题，我们就永远解决不了恐怖主义以及其它危及 世界和平的问题。”

B.Translate the following sentences into English.1、大城市的第三产业越来越多地依赖于外来务工人员，这种情况已经形成。如果没有大批务工人员参加到城市的建设中

来，许多城市的发展将逐渐趋于停滞。(grind to a halt)The increasing reliance of the third industry in big cities on guest workers is entrenched.Without legions of them to participate in the cities’ construction the development of many cities would grind to a halt.2、经济的发展更多地依赖于社会的稳定。因此，当前压倒一切的问题是保持稳定。(hinge on)The development of economy mainly hinges on social stability.Therefore, the overwhelming issue at present is to maintain stability.3、一个开放的国际大都市应当是实行文化多元主义。在那里，拥有不同文化背景的人们之间和平相处，共同发展。(cultural pluralism)An open international metropolis should be one with cultural pluralism, where people with different cultural backgrounds coexist peacefully and develop together.6

4、由于吸毒，他和周围的人们疏远了。慢慢地，他对吸毒怀有强烈的道德上的厌恶，决心戒毒。(embrace)Due to drug abuse, he was detached from the people around him.Gradually, he embraced a moral revulsion towards drug abuse and was determined to give it up.5、他拥有一辆宽敞的车，一座乡间别墅，以及其它被认为是成功的标志的东西，但他并不真正幸福。(trappings)He has a big car, a country house, and all the other trappings of success.But he was not in the least happy.6、有些人对和自己意见相左的人采取仇视的态度。这并不是心胸宽阔的人所应有的。(turn a hostile eye)Some people turn a hostile eye toward those who dissent from their view, which doesn’t agree with what an open-minded person should do.7、和他所期望的相反，这次他并没有得到升职。回家之后他把怒火发泄在妻子头上。(contrary to；vent on)Contrary to what he expected, he failed to be promoted this time.After returning to his home, he vented his anger on his wife.8、美国的生活方式以对物质充足的尊崇为典型。(be characterized by)The American way of life is characterized by reverence for material abundance.BOOK 1 UNIT 7 A.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.Discipline does not need to be punitive, coercive, manipulative or negative.Children can learn in a positive, upbeat, firm and kind environment much better than a negative one.The parents set the tone for the family environment and so parents have great influence over the nature of that environment.管理孩子没必要惩罚，强迫，强制或在严厉的气氛中进行。孩子在轻松愉快的、严格但又和蔼的气氛里可以学得更好。

父母决定家庭气氛，所以父母对家庭气氛的好坏大有影响。

Dream big, children are capable of so much more and so much better than we give them the chance to express!While I do not believe in ―parent bashing‖ with problematic kids, I do believe that we parents have so much more influence in our families than we realize.We need to take this influence to heart and strive to do and be our very best and to never give up on our kids!从正面教育入手，孩子的表现会比我们预期的量和质都要好得多！虽然我并不认为孩子有问题就责备家长，但我确信我

们家长对家庭的影响之大远远超出我们的意识。我们必须牢记这种影响，积极施展这种影响，而永远不要对孩子失望！

The times of parental frustration should be used as times to re-group, re-think, and re-evaluate.Attempting any form of thoughtful discipline takes time, thought and a relaxed environment.If you’re stressed out, give yourself and your child a cooling off period.Often the answers will come during the break.家长应在烦恼的时间重整旗鼓，调整自己的认识，重新评价孩子。遥想实施全面的家庭教育需要时间，很费心，还需要

一个轻松的环境。如果你的情绪不好，要让你和孩子在一段时间内冷静下来。解决问题的方法经常在情绪平静时想出来。

B.Translate the following sentences into English.1、为了照看这个婴儿她已辞职，无论是好是坏，她顾不了太多。(for better or worse)She has left her job to take care of the baby, and, for better or worse, she can’t afford to think of too much.2、指出一个孩子有学习障碍并不能解释他不能学习的问题。重要的是找出问题在哪里。（account for）

To point out that a child has learning disability does not account for why he is having trouble learning.The point is to find out exactly where the problem is.3、对于有些女性，生孩子并不会导致非此即彼的结果——辞职在家带孩子，或继续工作而不带孩子。(black and white)For some women, bearing children does not have to result in a black-and-white situation—having to quit work to stay home with the baby or not.4、在这篇小说中, 瑞谱是这样一个人物：除了偶然为他所惧怕的妻子跑腿以外, 终日带着他的狗在村子里游荡。（run errands）In this novel, Rip is such a character that, except occasionally running errands for his wife, whom he feared, idled away with his dog all day long in the village.5、这个艺术团的演出吸引了这么多的工人，大礼堂及其外围的地方都围满了观众。(spill over)

6、为了加快发展的速度，我国已和许多国家签订了互惠协约。（reciprocal）

In order to achieve a faster development, our country has reached reciprocal agreements with many other countries.7、他们认为民主的一个重要体现就是人民可以享受言论自由。（voice）

They think that one important manifestations of democracy is all the people can enjoy the freedom of voicing their minds.7 8.儿时的贫寒和艰难激励着这位总统毫不动摇地走自学成材的道路，以致在这方面成为世人的楷模。(waver)The poverty and hardships during his childhood encouraged this president never to waver in his determination to be a self-made man, which has been a model for the world.BOOK 1 UNIT 8 A.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.There in the mist, enormous, majestic, silent, and terrible, stood the Great Wall of China.Solitarily, with the indifference of nature herself, it crept up the mountain side and slipped down to the depth of the valley.Menacingly, the grim watchtowers, stark and foursquare, at due intervals stood at their posts.迷蒙之中呈现出来的那庞然大物，十分壮观，寂然不动而气度非凡，那就是中国的长城。它孤独地沿着山的一侧蜿蜒而

上，再往下进入山谷深处，像大自然似的，一副与世无涉的冷漠样子。每隔一定的距离就有一座森严的瞭望台，冷峻挺 立，十分威严。

Ruthlessly, for it was built at the cost of a million lives and each one of those great gray stones has been stained with the bloody tears of the captive and the outcast, it forged its dark way through a sea of rugged mountains.它是铁面无情，坚忍不拔的，既然付出了千百万生命的代价建造它，每一块灰色大砖石上都染满了那离乡背井犹如囚徒

者的斑斑血泪，它就一定会绝然向前，跨越崇山峻岭奔向人所不知的去处。

Fearlessly, it went on its endless journey, league upon league to the furthermost regions of Asia, in utter solitude, mysterious like the great empire it guarded.There in the mist, enormous, majestic, silent, and terrible, stood the Great Wall of China.它具有大无畏的精神，漫漫征途无尽头，走了一程又一程，一直走到亚洲最边远的地方，茕茕孑立，神秘莫测，犹如它

所捍卫的大帝国似的。中国的长城就是那样的庞然大物，在迷蒙中寂然不动，气度非凡，十分壮观。

B.Translate the following sentences into English.1、清晨新鲜的空气，鸟儿的歌唱，街道两旁的花草树木，夜晚的星辰，所有这一切都会使人干到生活是无限美好的。

(conspire)The fresh morning air, the singing of birds, the trees and flowers on the sides of the street, and the stars at night conspire to make you feel how beautiful the life is.2、一些中国品牌以富有竞争力的价位为后盾，已跻身于国际市场，同时他们也未忽略产品的质量，高效的销售以及售后

服务等战略的运用。(ignore)Some Chinese brands have nudged into the inter-national market on the back of competitive pricing.At the same time they haven’t ignored such strategies as product quality, an efficient distribution and after-sales service.3、我妹妹玛丽的几个朋友不断地告诉她，她的朋友卡罗尔在她背后说她的坏话。玛丽经过她们的洗脑也就相信了她们的 话。后来她发现事实并非如此时，感到非常抱歉。(brainwash)Several of her friends brainwashed my sister Mary into believing that her best friend Carol was saying nasty things about her behind her back.Mary was as sorry as she could be when she found out it wasn’t true.4、如果政治家想赢得选举胜利必须努力表现自己。(project)A politician must project himself if he wants to win an election.5、随着生活节奏的加快，人们感到时间的紧迫，驾车的速度越来越快。马路就像赛场跑道，高速行驶的汽车严重威胁到

行人的安全。(race track;sorely)With the quicken pace of life, people feel time presses and drive their cars faster and faster, which makes the roadway look like a race track.The automobiles running at a high speed sorely threaten the safety of pedestrians.6、现如今人们对汽车的依赖性越来越强，即使时上下班只有1 英里的路程，也要驱车前往。(a round trip to work;resort to)Nowadays people become increasingly dependent on automobiles.Despite one mile round trip to work, they will resort to automobiles.7、中国制造的商品以其物美价廉赢得了世界各国消费者的青睐。(win one’s heart)Low in price and good in quality, the commodities made in China have won hearts of the consumers all over the world.8、中国的汽车工业白手起家，逐渐发展到如今这样的规模。但是，它仍然处于初级阶段，对其设定过高的质量标准是不

切合实际的。(from scratch)Starting from scratch, Chinese automobile industry has gradually developed into what it is.But with it at the preliminary stage, it is impractical to set an exorbitant quality standard for it.经典英语美文翻译：优秀的标准

My l4-year-old son, John, and I spotted the coat simultaneously.It was hanging on a rack at a secondhand clothing store in Northampton Mass, crammed in with shoddy trench coats and an assortment of sad, woolen overcoats--a rose among thorns.在马萨诸塞州北安普顿市的一家出售二手服装的店里，我和我14岁的儿子约翰同时盯上了那件大衣。它就挂在衣架上，夹在劣质的军用风雨衣和各式各样寒酸的羊毛大衣当中，然而它却像荆棘丛中的一朵玫瑰。

While the other coats drooped, this one looked as if it were holding itself up.The thick, black wool of the double-breasted chesterfield was soft and unworn, as though it had been preserved in mothballs for years in dead old Uncle Henry's steamer trunk.The coat had a black velvet collar, beautiful tailoring, a Fifth Avenue label and an unbelievable price of $28.We looked at each other, saying nothing, but John's eyes gleamed.Dark, woolen topcoats were popular just then with teenage boys, but could cost several hundred dollars new.This coat was even better, bearing that touch of classic elegance from a bygone era.其他的大衣都显得没精打采，惟独这件衣服趾高气扬。厚厚的黑色羊绒柔软而蓬松，这件双排扣暗钮长大衣显然还没上过身，看样子，就像用樟脑球在老亨利叔叔的扁平旅行箱里保存了多年。其做工精细：领子是黑天鹅绒的，商标是第五大街的，价钱让人难以置信，只卖28美元。我们彼此看着对方，一言不发，可约翰的眼里却闪着欣喜的光。黑色的羊绒轻便大衣那时在小伙子们中很流行，买一件新的要花好几百美元，而这一件质地更好一些，还带有一种逝去年代的古典美。

John slid his arms down into the heavy satin lining of the sleeves and buttoned the coat.He turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror with a serious, studied expression that soon changed into a smile.The fit was perfect.约翰将胳膊伸进了袖管里——衬里是厚厚的缎子，系上了扣子。他在镜子面前转过来调过去地打量着自己，脸上的严肃表情不一会儿就变成了微笑。衣服合身极了。

John wore the coat to school the next day and came home wearing a big grin.“Ho.did the kids like your coat?” I asked.“They loved it,” he said, carefully folding it over the back of a chair and smoothing it flat.I started calling him “Lord Chesterfield” and “The Great Gatsby.”

第二天约翰就穿着它去上学了。放学回来他笑逐颜开。我问他：“那些孩子觉得你的大衣怎么样？”“他们非常喜欢。”他一边说，一边在椅子背儿上把衣服仔细地叠起来，并甩手把它展平。我于是就开始叫他“切斯特菲尔德大人”和“了不起的盖茨比”。

Over the next few weeks, a change came over John.Agreement replaced contrariness, quiet, reasoned discussion replaced argument.He became more judicious, more mannerly, more thoughtful, eager to please.“Good dinner, Mom,“ he would say every evening.在接下来的几周内，约翰慢慢地变了：变得听话而不再故意作对，遇事能心平气和地商讨而不再强词夺理。他变得更明事理、更有礼貌，也更体贴人了。他也乐于讨人欢喜。每天晚上都要说：“妈妈，晚饭好极了。”

He would generously loan his younger brother his tapes and lecture him on the niceties of behaviour;without a word of objection, he would carry in wood for the stove.One day when I suggested that he might start on homework before dinner, John--a veteran procrastinator – said, ―You’re right.I guess I will.‖

他会很慷慨地把自己的磁带借给弟弟，并告诫他如何有良好的行为举止；他会毫无怨言地把烧炉子用的劈柴抱进来。有一天当我建议他在晚饭前开始做作业时，约翰这个一贯拖拉的家伙居然说：“您是对的，我想我会做的。”

When I mentioned this incident to one of his teachers and remarked that I didn't know what caused the changes, she said laughing.”It must be his coat!“ Another teacher told him she was giving him a good mark not only because he had earned it but because she liked his coat.At the library, we ran into a friend who had not seen our children in a long time, ―Could this be John?” he asked, looking up to John's new height, assessing the cut of his coat and extending his hand, one gentleman to another.当我对他的一个老师提起这件事，并说我不知道这是为什么时，她笑着说：“一定是因为他的大衣！”另一个老师告诉他，她要给他一个好成绩，不仅仅因为他理应获得，还因为她喜欢他的大衣。在图书馆里我们遇见了一位朋友，他已经很长时间没有看见我们的孩子了。看着约翰长高的个子，品评着他大衣的样式，这位朋友不禁问道：“这是约翰吗？” 同时向约翰伸出了手，完全是绅士间的行为。

John and I both know we should never mistake a person's clothes for the real person within them.But there is something to be said for wearing a standard of excellence for the world to see, for practising standards of excellence in though, speech, and behaviour, and for matching what is on the inside to what is on the outside.约翰和我都知道不应该以貌取人，可穿着优雅为世人看，在思想上、言语上、行动上实践优秀的标准，以达到内外的和谐统一，这又另当别论。

Sometimes, watching John leave for school, I've remembered with a keen sting what it felt like to be in the eighth grade--a time when it was as easy to try on different approaches to life as it was to try on a coat.The whole world, the whole future is stretched out ahead, a vast panorama where all the doors are open.And if I were there right now, I would picture myself walking through those doors wearing my wonderful, magical coat.有时看着约翰上学去，我就不禁怦然心动，想起自己上8年级时的感觉——那时尝试不同的生活方式就如同试衣服一样简单。整个世界、整个未来在你面前展开，犹如一幅巨大的画卷，那里的每一扇门都敞开着。如果此刻我能回到那儿，我会在这些门间穿行，身上就穿着那件奇妙的、带有魔力的大衣。

母亲节经典美文：送给挚爱的母亲

Love Your Mother

深爱母亲

The Childhood Days

When you came into the world, she held you in her arms.You thanked her by wailing1)like a banshee2).When you were 1 year old, she fed you and bathed you.You thanked her by crying all night long.When you were 2 years old, she taught you to walk.You thanked her by running away when she called.When you were 3 years old, she made all your meals with love.You thanked her by tossing your plate on the floor.When you were 4 years old, she gave you some crayons3).You thanked her by coloring the dining room table.When you were 5 years old, she dressed you for the holidays.You thanked her by plopping4)into the nearest pile of mud.When you were 6 years old, she walked you to school.You thanked her by screaming, “I’M NOT GOING!”

When you were 7 years old, she bought you a baseball.You thanked her by throwing it through the next-door-neighbor’s window.When you were 8 years old, she handed you an ice cream.You thanked her by dripping it all over your lap.When you were 9 years old, she paid for piano lessons.You thanked her by never even bothering to practice.When you were 10 years old, she drove you all day, from soccer to gymnastics to one birthday party after another.You thanked her by jumping out of the car and never looking back.When you were 11 years old, she took you and your friends to the movies.You thanked her by asking to sit in a different row.转自学易网 www.xiexiebang.com When you were 12 years old, she warned you not to watch certain TV shows.You thanked her by waiting until she left the house.Those Teenage Years

When you were 13, she suggested a haircut that was becoming5).You thanked her by telling her she had no taste.When you were 14, she paid for a month away at summer camp.You thanked her by forgetting to write a single letter.When you were 15, she came home from work, looking for a hug.You thanked her by having your bedroom door locked.When you were 16, she taught you how to drive her car.You thanked her by taking it every chance you could.When you were 17, she was expecting an important call.You thanked her by being on the phone all night.When you were 18, she cried at your high school graduation.You thanked her by staying out partying until dawn.Growing Old and Gray

When you were 19, she paid for your college tuition, drove you to campus, carried your bags.You thanked her by saying good-bye outside the dorm so you wouldn’t be embarrassed in front of your friends.When you were 20, she asked whether you were seeing anyone.You thanked her by saying, “It’s none of your business.”

When you were 21, she suggested certain careers for your future.You thanked her by saying, “I don’t want to be like you.”

When you were 22, she hugged you at your college graduation.You thanked her by asking whether she could pay for a trip to Europe.When you were 23, she gave you furniture for your first apartment.You thanked her by telling your friends it was ugly.When you were 24, she met your fiancé and asked about your plans for the future.You thanked her by glaring and growling, “Muuhh-ther, please!”

When you were 25, she helped to pay for your wedding, and she cried and told you how deeply she loved you.You thanked her by moving halfway across the country.转自学易网 www.xiexiebang.com

When you were 30, she called with some advice on the baby.You thanked her by telling her, “Things are different now.”

When you were 40, she called to remind you of an relative’s birthday.You thanked her by saying you were “really busy right now”.When you were 50, she fell ill and needed you to take care of her.You thanked her by talking about the burden parents become to their children.And then, one day, she quietly died.And everything you never did came crashing down like thunder.“Rock me baby, rock me all night long.” “The hand who rocks the cradle...may rock the world”.Let us take a moment of the time just to pay tribute and show appreciation to the person called MOM though some may not say it openly to their mother.There’s no substitute for her.Cherish every single moment.Though at times she may not be the best of friends, may not agree to our thoughts, she is still your mother!转自学易网 www.xiexiebang.com

Your mother will be there for you;to listen to your woes6), your brags7), your frustrations, etc.Ask yourself “Have you put aside enough time for her, to listen to her ‘blues’ of working in the kitchen, her tiredness?”

Be tactful, loving and still show her due8)respect, though you may have a different view from hers.Once gone, only fond memories of the past and also regrets will be left.转自学易网 www.xiexiebang.com Do not take for granted the things closest to your heart.Love her more than you love yourself.Life is meaningless without her.童年时光

你来到人世时，她把你抱在怀里。而你对她的感恩回报，就是像报丧女妖一样哭得天昏地暗。你1岁时，她为你哺乳，为你沐浴。而你对她的感恩回报，就是啼哭闹腾，彻夜不休。你2岁时，她教你走路。而你对她的感恩回报，就是一听到她呼唤就远远跑开。你3岁时，她满怀爱心为你准备三餐。而你对她的感恩回报，就是把盘子扔到地上。你4岁时，她给你几支蜡笔。而你对她的感恩回报，就是把餐桌涂成了大花脸。

你5岁时，她在节日里为你精心打扮。而你对她的感恩回报，就是扑通一声摔进旁边一堆泥巴里。你6岁时，她步行送你去上学。而你对她的感恩回报，就是对她大声尖叫： “我就是不去！” 你7岁时，她给你买来个棒球。而你对她的感恩回报，就是把隔壁邻居家的窗户砸破。你8岁时，她递给你一支冰淇淋。而你对她的感恩回报，就是把冰淇淋滴落得满腿都是。你9岁时，她掏钱让你学钢琴。而你对她的感恩回报，就是从来都懒得练一下。

你10岁时，她整天忙着开车送你去这去那，从足球场到体操房，又赶着参加一个又一个的生日宴会。而你对她的感恩回报，就是跳下车头也不回地就走了。

你11岁时，她带你和朋友去看电影。而你对她的感恩回报，就是请她坐到另一排去。

你12岁时，她警告你有些电视节目不要看。而你对她的感恩回报，就是等她外出后偏要看。

青春年少

你13岁时，她建议你把发型修剪得体。而你对她的感恩回报，就是说她一点品味都没有。你14岁时，她花钱让你参加一个月的夏令营。而你对她的感恩回报，就是连一封信都不记得给她写。

你15岁时，她下班回到家，期望你能给她一个拥抱。而你对她的感恩回报，就是呆在卧室中将房门紧锁。

你16岁时，她教你学开车。而你对她的感恩回报，就是逮着机会就玩车。你17岁时，她在等一个重要电话。而你对她的感恩回报，就是电话粥煲了一通宵。

你18岁时，她为你高中毕业喜极而泣。而你对她的感恩回报，就是在外面参加聚会通宵达旦不回家。

年华渐增

你19岁时，她为你支付大学的学费，开车送你去学校，帮你提包裹行李。而你对她的感恩回报，就是在宿舍门外匆匆说再见，为的是你不致于在朋友面前感到丢人。你20岁时，她问你是否在和别人约会。而你对她的感恩回报，就是对她说：“这不关你的事！” 你21岁时，她为你将来从事什么职业提出一些建议。而你对她的感恩回报，就是对她说：“我才不愿像你那样！”

你22岁时，她在你大学毕业典礼上紧紧拥抱你。而你对她的感恩回报，就是问她能否掏钱让你去欧洲旅行。

你23岁时，她为你的第一套公寓置办家具。而你对她的感恩回报，就是告诉朋友说这些家具非常难看。

你24岁时，她见到了你的未婚夫，问你们将来有什么打算。而你对她的感恩回报，就是对她怒目而视，大声吼叫：“妈„„，求求你别烦了！”

你25岁时，她花钱帮你筹办婚礼，对你哭诉着说她是多么地深爱着你。而你对她的感恩回报，就是把家安得离她远远的。

你30岁时，她打来电话为宝宝抚养提出忠告。而你对她的感恩回报，就是告诉她：“现在情况和以前不同了！”

你40岁时，她打电话提醒你别忘了一个亲戚的生日。而你对她的感恩回报，就是说你“现在忙得不可开交”。

你50岁时，她生病了需要你照顾。而你对她的感恩回报，就是念叨着父母成为了子女的负担。

后来，有一天，她静悄悄地去了。所有那些你该做而未做的事，仿佛炸雷般在你耳边轰隆而过。“摇啊摇，小宝宝，一摇摇到大天亮。”“摇摇篮的手啊„„可以摇世界。”

让我们花一点点时间，对那个被我们叫做“妈”的人表达敬意和感激之情，虽然有些人当着面说不出口。她是不可替代的。珍惜与她在一起的每一时刻吧。虽然有时候，她可能不是我们最好的朋友，可能不同意我们的想法，但她依然是你的妈妈！

你的妈妈始终陪伴你身边，听你倾诉伤心事，听你神吹海侃，听你诉说受挫的沮丧„„扪心自问，“是否曾经抽出过足够的时间陪伴她，听听她讲围着灶台转的‘烦心事’，听听她讲她有多疲惫？”

即使你与她意见不一，也要委婉一些，充满爱心，对她表示出应有的尊敬。一旦她去了，剩下的就只有对过去岁月的美好回忆和无尽的遗憾。不要以为，与你心最近，你就理所应得。爱她要甚于爱你自己。没有了她，生命将毫无意义。

钱钟书经典美文翻译详解：窗

出场人物：申雨平，北京外国语大学教授。钱钟书先生的这篇散文说的是窗子，但是其用意绝不仅仅是说说窗子而已，而是要以窗子来比喻生活、比喻人生。从语言上看，《窗》延续了一贯的钱派手法，用词平实、普通，没有长句，没有什么复杂结构，非常从容地叙述、说理，却又紧紧地扣住了主题。这样的特点对翻译构成的难度不言而喻，翻译中应当时时充分考虑上述特点，尽量在译文中体现出来。

逐句分析：

窗

Random Thoughts on the Window(题目中的这个窗字，包含的意思较为丰富，使人有多种联想，因此译成Random Thoughts on the Window。)又是春天 It is spring again 中文是无主句，英文没有这样的句子结构，因此用It is...句型。原文里“又”用在句首，但是英文如果也把again放在句首，这个词就太突出，分量太重了。所以again一词在译文中放在句末和原文“又”放在句首分量相当。

窗子可以常开了 and the window can be left open as often as one would like 用定冠词the 加单数名词window来代表所有的窗子。英语里表示“全部”可以有几种方法：1)复数名词，2)不定冠词a/an+名词，3)定冠词+名词。这里就是用的第三种，更侧重其一致性。“常开”不能译成can open often或can be opened often。因为原文是从人的角度说的，人们什么时候想开窗都行，所以用了one would like这样的说法。春天从窗外进来 As spring comes in through the windows 这句把春天拟人化了，英文也用同样的结构就行。窗外：out of the window。但是，如果把“从窗外进来”理解成一个过程，用through表示就比较好。

人在屋子里坐不住，就从门里出去 so people--unable to bear staying inside any longer--go outdoors 破折号之间的形容词短语说明人们在屋里坐不住的原因。bear：忍受，后面既可跟-ing动词，也可跟不定式动词。

不过屋子外的春天太贱了 The spring outside, however, is much too cheap 这里的“贱”，是说春天多阳光，以多为贱，中外同理，用cheap也就顺理成章了。到处是阳光 for the sun shines on everything 这里和上一句是连接在一起的，所以用了连接词for来说明原因。最好不要译成the sunshine is everywhere。因为阳光并不是一种存在，而是说照耀在所有的一切上面，因此说shines。不像射破屋里阴深的那样明亮 and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house 用seem是指屋里屋外阳光是一样的，只是环境的反差使阳光显得不同罢了。as...as是表示屋里屋外阳光的比较。that指the sun。

到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风 Outside the sun-slothed breeze blows everywhere 这里加了一个词outside，因为后面马上要说到的“屋里”并不包括在“到处”一词里；“晒”字英文里与之相当的词就是shine，但是shine并没有带复合宾语的用法，所以换了一个角度来说这句话。sun-slothed是一个复合词。

不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气 but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house 沉闷这个词在这里不是形容词，而是名词，所以用gloomy加上词尾-ness构成了表示状态的名词。

就是鸟语，也似乎琐碎而单薄，需要屋里的寂静来做衬托 Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off 说thin and broken而不说broken and thin只是因为语音的关系，音节少的词放在前面，多的放在后面，结构上显得平稳，不至于头重脚轻。只要把这几个词连在一起朗读一下就可体会出来。

我们因此明白，春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的，好比画配了框子 It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame “我们因此明白”译成It seems...，因为这是一种比喻的说法，直译成英文会给人以突兀的感觉，所以用“似乎如此”的说法。be meant to be的意思是“原本为......”，加了always等于从语气上与原文更相符合，并没有特别具体的含义。中文说“窗子里”，而英文却不能说in a windowpane，windowpane指的是窗子上的玻璃，这就是用behind的原因。同时，我们悟到，门和窗有不同的意义 At the same time it also becomes clear that the door has a different significance from the window 悟到和上一句中的“明白”是相同的意思，it become clear that 这一说法比it seems that 要肯定一些。

当然，门是造了让人出进的 Of course, doors were made for people to pass through 出进可以译成to come out and go in，但译成to pass through就显得句子紧凑、精炼一些。但是，窗子有时也可作为进出口用 but a window can also sometimes serve as an entrance or as an exit entrance和exit这两个词比door和window抽象化了，充分表明了“进出口”的字面意思和含义。

譬如小偷或小说里私约的情人就喜欢爬窗子 and is used as such by thieves and by lovers in novels 译文用了by thieves and by lovers，而不说by thieves and lovers，因为这本来就是两类人，不能放在一起混为一谈。

所以窗子和门的根本分别，决不仅是有没有人进来出去 In fact the fundamental difference between a door and a window has nothing to do with them being either entrances or exits 比较一下different between和前文的different(from)：说两者之间的区别，用different between A and B；而说A怎样不同于B则说A is different from B。

若据赏春一事来看，我们不妨这样说 When it comes to the admiration of spring, it could be put this way When it comes to是比较中庸的说法，不那么正式，但也不那么随意，意思是“说起赏春......”，让人们对下文有一个期待。

有了门，我们可以出去 a door makes it possible for one to go out “有了门”不能译成with a/the door，因为这里不是说有还是没有，而是有门存在，人们就可以进出房屋。

有了窗，我们可以不必出去 whereas a window makes it possible for one not to have to Whereas而......。这是一个连接词，表示一种前后的比较或对照。这里的句型和上面是一样的，但是后面的not to have to 是不定式的否定形式，后面省略了go out。

窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜 A window helps to pull down the partition between man and nature “由于有了窗子，人和大自然之间的隔膜才得以打破”，窗子起的是一种促进作用，其本身并不能去“打破”什么，因此用了helps to pull down。partition隔离墙。“隔膜”是解剖学词汇，这里用的是其引申意义，不能按字面译成diaphragm，那样意思就不对了。man and nature：man是指整个人类，所以不用任何冠词；nature则是不可数名词。把风和太阳逗引进来，使屋子里也关着一部分春天 It leads breezes and sunlight in, and keeps part of the spring in the house Lead：引导，引领。keep...in the house：使停留在屋里不能外出。

让我们安坐了享受，无需再到外面去找 It allows one to sit and enjoy the spring in peace, and makes it unnecessary to go looking for it outside 原文是说“安坐”，而实际上“安”的意思也应当能涵盖“享受”，只是从词的节奏上感觉“安坐”和“享受”都是两个字的词，似乎是并列的。译文里译成了sit...in peace，等于将状语移了一个位。注意这句中几个it的含义，第一个it指代window，第二个it是形式宾语，引出后面的to go...，第三个it是指代the spring。全篇通览

窗

Random Thoughts on the Window 又是春天，窗子可以常开了。春天从窗外进来，人在屋子里坐不住，就从门里出去。不过屋子外的春天太贱了！到处是阳光，不像射破屋里阴深的那样明亮；到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风，不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气。就是鸟语，也似乎琐碎而单薄，需要屋里的寂静来做衬托。我们因此明白，春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的，好比画配了框子。

It is spring again and the window can be left open as often as one would like.As spring comes in through the windows, so people--unable to bear staying inside any longer--go outdoors.The spring outside, however, is much too cheap, for the sun shines on everything, and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house.Outside the sun-slothed breeze blows everywhere, but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house.Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off.It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame.同时，我们悟到，门和窗有不同的意义。当然，门是造了让人出进的。但是，窗子有时也可作为进出口用，譬如小偷或小说里私约的情人就喜欢爬窗子。所以窗子和门的根本分别，决不仅是有没有人进来出去。若据赏春一事来看，我们不妨这样说：有了门，我们可以出去；有了窗，我们可以不必出去。窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜，把风和太阳逗引进来，使屋子里也关着一部分春天，让我们安坐了享受，无需再到外面去找。

At the same time it also becomes clear that the door has a different significance from the window.Of course, doors were made for people to pass through;but a window can also sometimes serve as an entrance or as an exit, and is used as such by thieves and by lovers in novels.In fact the fundamental difference between a door and a window has nothing to do with them being either entrances or exits.When it comes to the admiration of spring, it could be put this way: a door makes it possible for one to go out, whereas a window makes it possible for one not to have to.A window helps to pull down the partition between man and nature.It leads breezes and sunlight in, and keeps part of the spring in the house.It allows one to sit and enjoy the spring in peace, and makes it unnecessary to go looking for it outside.

第三篇：英语美文欣赏(带翻译)

Friends or 'Enemies?'

At the time, I didn't agree.I thought: I can crack a good joke, I know how to shoot a hoop, and I'm a cheerful person(but not in an annoying way).What kind of boy wouldn't want to be around that kind of girl?

Turns out, my Dad was right.Not to be all “Samantha Brick” about it, but in my experience, single, heterosexual men aren't actively looking for an exclusively platonic relationship with a woman they find sexually attractive.This of course is not a revolutionary concept.In fact, it seems pretty natural to me.Now, I will be the first to say that it is really and truly the most wonderful thing in the world if the attraction is mutual.But the Powers That Be seem to like to play these complicated little mating games with humans where the guy we want to re-enact scenes from 9½ Weeks with sees our attractiveness level as akin to that of a discarded dishcloth, and the most physical we could see ourselves being with the guy who actually likes us is a game of ping pong over an especially long table.All of which means that someone usually ends up getting rejected.I'm sure I'm not alone when I say I have struggled with the scenario where I am not interested in a man romantically, but I want to keep him as a friend because he is funny and I enjoy his company, or he has shown himself to be that rare specimen known as “a nice, genuine person, ” or he simply doesn't mention his therapist in every other sentence.Rather than string him along and give him hope, I feel compelled to somehow communicate to him sooner rather than later that we'll just be staying friends, nothing more.Otherwise, I think I am being unfair to him.Why should he waste his romantic stamina on me when there are loads of other single women out there who might fall instantly in love with him? The thing is, it can sometimes be tricky to reject a man and keep him as a friend.If the operation is not executed carefully, you may end up creating a “menemy.”

It requires a certain amount of skill to be able to turn down a man's sexual advances or romantic gestures and then get him to agree to meet you for blueberry pancakes the following weekend and chat about the latest Woody Allen film.Some men aren't satisfied with just that.I'm not clear why.What's so bad about friendship? Everyone needs buddies.But I've seen men react poorly or simply fall off the face of the earth.I get it--their feelings are hurt.None of us likes getting rejected.But in my experience, some men find it especially soul-crushing.I am only bringing all of this up because I recently had to go through this scenario again.I had spent some time cultivating a friendship with a man who, in my defense, I thought was gay.So I didn't see the harm in him buying me the occasional falafel, or accepting an invitation to see a film with him.Isn't that what friends are for? But a mutual friend shed light on his sexual orientation(straight)and suggested that his intentions--and attentions--weren't platonic.He had never “made the moves” but now it was all crystal clear--that explains the way he had looked at me that time the tahini sauce dribbled down my chin!Since he had clearly been too timid to express his feelings, I thought I would be clever this time and subtly mention the dates I had been going on, focusing on the one guy I was kind of keen on, so that he would know that I was “unavailable” for heavy petting and those sorts of activities, but that I was available for things like roller skating, falafel-eating and shooting the breeze.Doesn't that sound nice? That way, he would known not to try to lean in for a kiss, and I wouldn't have to pull the Stevie Wonder dance and dodge him went he went for it.It was like pre-rejection, yet I was sparing his feelings because he didn't even have to put himself out there!I really thought I was being brilliant.It backfired, of course.Said man ended up sending me an email rant accusing me of being insensitive by talking about other men when he had “feelings for me.” As if I am psychic, by the way, just because I am a woman!How was I supposed to know that? I think in his mind we were dating.In my mind, he was my new gay BFF.In the end, I got mad at him for getting mad at me, and now the friendship has ended.And I have created yet another “menemy.”

Look, I have also tried the direct thing: “I really like you, but only as a friend, ” but you can only do that when the guy has made his intentions clear, and in my experience, they either cope okay(though rarely do I feel much enthusiasm for friendship after that), or they really don't cope well.I also tried the thing where you make them think they are rejecting you, but it gets quite confusing and only works if the guy isn't very sharp, and why would I--or you--be hanging out with someone not that sharp in the first place?

As we all remember, Billy Crystal's character says men and women can't be friends in When Harry Met Sally because the sex stuff gets in the way.I do have single, male, heterosexual friends with whom I have an easy, non-romantic rapport, but I honestly don't know if they would walk away if I was sprawled naked on a bed calling out to them.I may not be everybody's cup of tea, but sometimes, I wonder if they wonder.And they may wonder if I wonder.If so, I hope they'll keep it to themselves.被拒后：朋友亦或敌人？

那时我并不以为然，认为凭自己的幽默诙谐，灌篮娴熟，开朗活泼的性格，又有那一个男孩不喜欢在这样的女孩身边呢？

但结果证明父亲是对的。对此不需要太自恋（Samantha Brick，自由专栏女作家曾写过为什么女人恨我等文章，有英版芙蓉姐姐之称），但以我的经验来说，单身异性恋男士在他们认为极具吸引力的女性身上并不想只是寻求一份简单的柏拉图式的关系。当然这一概念并没有什么开创性，事实上在我看来再自然不过了。

首先我要说的是两情相悦的确是世界上最为美妙事。但上帝却好似很喜欢玩这种复杂的配对游戏，要么是通过九个半周的交往后，我们想与之确定关系的男孩认为我们的吸引力指数同丢弃的抹布不相上下，要么就是我们对中意我们的男孩不起化学反应，两人总是像隔着一长长的桌台打乒乓球一般。结果都是以另一方被拒而告终。

有些异性我虽然不想和他交往，但很想和他做朋友，因为他幽默诙谐，有他陪在身边我会很开心,或者他友好善良并且为人真诚（这一类人可是稀缺性品种），或者是他不是每隔一句便提起他的理疗师。我敢说这种情形你也经历过吧。

我认为有必要对他说明白我们之间只会是朋友这种关系这么简单，仅此而已。说这些话宜早不宜晚，而不是将他带在身边给他希望。不然对他来说是不公平的。外面那么多单身女性，她们或许会对他一见钟情，为什么要让他白白浪费精力放在我身上呢？

但有时在拒绝一位男士后要想和他保持朋友关系，这种情况颇为棘手。如果处理不当，结果是你可能会结下梁子。

要想拒绝异性的追求或是一些暧昧举动，同时还要让他同意下一周他依然可以和你会面，边品尝蓝莓煎饼边谈论伍迪艾伦执导的电影，这的确需要一定的技巧。有些男士对此不以为意。我不清楚他们的原因，做朋友难道不好吗？每个人都有自己的朋友呀。但是我确实见到有些男性在被拒绝后反应很糟糕，有的甚至好似在地球蒸发了一样再也没见到他的面。我明白--他们受伤了。没有人喜欢被别人拒绝。根据我的经验甚至有些男士认为被拒让人精神崩溃。

提起这些是因为最近我就遇到了这种情况。前段时间我和位异性发展着朋友关系，我起初一直以为他是同性恋。所以他时不时给我买三明治，或是邀请我去看电影，我都没觉得有什么问题。朋友不就是做这些吗？但朋友间是需要彼此都明白各人的性取向的（他是异性恋）还要暗示对方他的想法意图并不是柏拉图之类。他从未做出暧昧举动，但事实上，他看我脸上有芝麻酱的眼神就已经说的很明白了。

他有些胆怯还没有袒露对我的感情，所以我想这次我可以聪明些向他委婉的提下我最近一直和某个男生在交往，并对这个我颇为动心的男生十分用心。不用说他就明白恋人间得耳鬓厮磨不属于我和他，而类似滑冰，吃吃三明治呀，或闲聊呀我都没问题。我这样做是不是还不错呀？这样他就明白不要试着前倾身子去吻我，我也不会用以要学史蒂威·旺达舞蹈为借口来躲避他的不轨举动。在他未向我表白前我就已然拒绝他了，我认为这招妙哉。

当然结果是事与愿违。此男再给我发送的邮件中激昂痛骂我多么没有感情：明知道他对我的情意却当着他的面谈论其他男生。仅仅因为我是女的，好像我就是神经病一样。我哪知道这些呀？我认为在他心里我们就一直在约会，而在我心里却把他当做可以做一辈子的同性恋朋友。最后，因为他对我生气，我也对他动了气，友情也就戛然而止了。

我又结下了一段梁子。

你瞧，我也试过用较为直接的方式回绝男生，“我真的很喜欢你，但只是出于朋友间的喜欢而已。”这招仅适用于当此男表明了他的感情时候。在我经验中，有些男生反应还可以（尽管随后我觉得他同我做朋友的热情度大打折扣），有些男生对此应对得不是太好。还有一招我也用过，就是让他们感觉是他们在拒绝你，这招颇具有迷惑性且对象仅适用于头脑不是很敏捷的男生。但话又说回来，我怎么会和一个头脑不灵光的男生交往呢？

我们都会记得在当哈利遇上莎莉这部电影中比利克里斯托扮演的角色曾说：男人和女人从来不会是朋友，因为“男女有别”。我的确有一些单身异性恋的男性朋友，我和他们之间也处的轻松随意，无关乎风月，但我真的不知道要是我懒洋洋赤身裸体于床上，大声唤着他们，他们是否会决然走开呢？我或许不是每个人的菜，但有时我想他们是否会考虑我是不是他们喜欢的类型，或许他们也会想我会不会有同样的念头。如果是这样的话，希望他们缄口不提保密于心吧。

Living With My Teenage Genius AS HER son Cameron sits at his laptop completing an assignment for his maths degree course Alison Thompson is busy helping her daughter Emma get dressed.Nothing unusual there, except that at just 14 Cameron is a highly gifted maths prodigy, while Emma is 12 and severely autistic.Having two children with such contrasting abilities has at times been a challenge, admits full-time mum Alison, 34, who also has 10-year-old daughter Bethany.While help has always been readily available for Emma, Alison and her husband Rod, 37, a computer programmer, have had to fight to get Cameron the support he needs.“People could see that Emma has special needs but because Cameron was doing so well at school his teachers never thought there was a problem.They refused to acknowledge that he was gifted, ” says Alison.Admittedly it took Alison and Rod a while to realise their son was different.“Cameron was our first child and we didn’t really have anything to compare him with.He always had a very impressive vocabulary and we knew he was bright but he didn’t reach his milestones exceptionally early and there were no other real signs.”

It was only when he began primary school that his abilities became clear.“He used to cry when it was time to come home, ” recalls Alison.“He just always wanted to learn more.”

On one occasion he even corrected the teacher when she told the class that zero was the lowest number.Cameron told her she was wrong because there were negative numbers.He was four at the time.By the time he was seven, Cameron, who lives with his family in Wrexham, North Wales, was leaps and bounds ahead of his classmates.It was also clear that he was suffering from Asperger’s syndrome, which is a form of autism.Children with Asperger’s typically find social interaction incredibly difficult and can become obsessive and inflexible.“Not only was he getting bored at school but he didn’t know when to keep quiet and had no idea how to pick up on social cues, ” says Alison, who along with Rod started to put pressure on the school for extra support for their son.Now 14 Cameron is at secondary school, studying for a distance learning maths degree with the Open University, having sailed through his GCSE at 11 and his A-level at 12, achieving top grades.Today it is clear that this slightly built, engaging and awkward teenager is gifted but it has been a battle to get the authorities to acknowledge his needs.“I don’t think the teachers had a clue what to do with a gifted child, ” says Alison.“We were worried about being labelled as pushy parents but there is absolutely nothing wrong with wanting the best for your child.I think the teachers thought we were trying to drive Cameron with his maths but the drive came from him.”

Frustrated, the Thompsons considered home education – Cameron was also being targeted by bullies – but they thought it would hamper their son socially.By his final year of primary school, Cameron had become bored and disruptive but fortunately when he moved to senior school teachers there took his talents seriously and he was encouraged to do more advanced maths work.“He steamed through the GCSE syllabus in just three months, ” says Alison.“For the first time in ages he seemed really happy.”

Then his parents had to decide what to do next.Some gifted children are sent to university early but Alison and Rod felt this wasn’t right for Cameron.“What would he have in common with the other students?” she asks.“I just don’t understand these parents who are so ambitious that they lose all sight of their child.“I was once contacted by a mother who told me her five-year-old was interested in taking a GCSE.I mean, really? What five-year-old has actually heard of a GCSE? When Cameron was five all he wanted was to be a train driver.”

Alison admits she is baffled by much of her son’s degree course.Even Rod, who has a maths degree himself, struggles to keep up.Yet they are careful never to compare Cameron with his sisters.Bethany is bright too but not gifted.Sociable and artistic she is the one who will remind absent minded Cameron to put on his coat.She also helps him out in social situations.“Bethany could make friends in an empty room, ” says Alison proudly.“Having siblings with such different needs has made her very accepting.”

Emma attends a specialist school and the family is quick to celebrate her successes too.“The other day she did up the buttons on her coat which was real progress, ” Alison says.The Thompsons try to live a normal life.Late last year they took part in a fly-on-the-wall television documentary to prove that not all gifted children are the result of overly ambitious parents.Cameron, who is also a brown belt in karate, was happy to take part as he had always wanted to be on TV.“There is so much help out there for children like Emma but hardly anything at all for those at the other end of the spectrum, ” says Alison.“Gifted children need support too but their lives don’t have to be that different to anyone else’s.Cameron is proof of that.” 家有神童

艾莉森•汤普森家有三个孩子，三个孩子个个不同。一个是天赋异禀的小神童，一个是自闭症儿童，还有一个却在社交方面表现出众。艾莉森是怎样抚养他们的？她遇到了哪些困难？

当艾莉森•汤普森的儿子卡梅伦坐在电脑前完成他的数学学士学位课作业时，她忙着帮她的女儿埃玛穿好衣服。

很平常的场景，除了14岁的卡梅隆是一个非常有天赋的数学神童，而12岁的艾玛则是严重的自闭症患者。

艾莉森承认抚养两个反差很大的孩子有时是一个挑战。34岁的艾莉森是一个全职母亲，他同时还有一个10岁的女儿伯达尼。

艾玛总是及时获得帮助的那一个，而艾莉森和她的程序员丈夫罗德不得不为卡梅隆争取他所需要的支持。“大家都知道艾玛有特殊需要，但因为卡梅伦在学校表现优秀，他的老师从来没有想过他的问题。他们拒绝承认他是天才，”艾莉森说。

诚然，艾莉森和罗德也不是一开始就发现他们的儿子有什么不同。“卡梅隆是我们的第一个孩子，我们真的没有什么可以比较。他的词汇量一直佷令人惊讶，我们知道他聪明，但在他的阶段性发展中，他没有提前很多，也有没有其他明显的迹象。“

直到他上小学，他的能力才变得明显。“过去一到回家的时候，他就哭，”艾莉森。“他只是想学更多的知识。”

有一次，他甚至还纠正了老师。当老师告诉同学零是最小的数字时，卡梅伦告诉她，她错了，因为有负数。那时候他四岁。

七岁的卡梅伦与他的家人住在北威尔士最大的城市雷克瑟姆（Wrexham），那时候他已经远远超过他的同学。但很明显，他很患有阿斯伯格综合症，这是自闭症的一种形式。患有阿斯伯格综合症的儿童通常在社会交往上存在困难，还可能变得执着而顽固。

“他在学校不仅感到厌烦，还不知道什么时候应当保持安静，无法理解人际交流中的隐藏含义，”艾莉森说。她和罗德开始向学校施压，以求他们的儿子获得额外的帮助。

14岁的卡梅隆目前还在中学阶段，已经开始攻读开放大学函授数学学位。11岁他通过了GCSE课程，12岁通过A-level课程，并且都取得了优异的成绩。

毋庸置疑，这个清瘦、有魅力却有点古怪的青少年是有天赋的，但让当局承认他的需求却是一场艰苦的战斗。

“我不认为教师们知道该怎么教育一个有天赋的孩子，”艾莉森说。“我们害怕被当作为爱出风头的父母，但希望孩子获得最好的教育这一点绝对没有错。老师认为是我们要求卡梅隆学数学，但实际上那是他主动要学的。”

他们的尝试受到打击，卡梅伦也成为了众矢之的，随后他们想到了家庭教育，但又觉得这不利于孩子社会化的培养。

到卡梅伦小学最后一年时，他已经开始无聊到捣乱了，所幸升学后那里的老师很看重他的天赋，并鼓励他学习高年级的数学。

“他在短短三个月内学完了GCSE课程教学大纲，”艾莉森说，“他似乎很久没那么高兴了。”

然后，他的父母不得不决定下一步做什么。一些天才儿童提前进入大学，但艾莉森和罗德觉得这样对卡梅伦不好。“他与其他学生有什么共同点？”她问，“我只是不明白有些家长是如此雄心勃勃，却全然忘记了他们的孩子。“

“曾经又一位母亲告诉我，她5岁的女儿想要参加GCSE考试。我在想，这会是真的吗？ 一个5岁的孩子真的了解GCSE是什么吗？当卡梅伦5岁时，他就想当一名火车司机。“

艾莉森承认，她对儿子的学位课程感到困惑。即使拥有数学学位的罗德也不见得能跟上。然而，他们很小心，从来不拿卡梅隆与他的妹妹们做比较。

伯达尼也很聪明，但算不上天赋异禀。善于交际、喜欢艺术的她会提醒心不在焉的卡梅隆把他的外套穿上，她还回在社交场合为哥哥解围。“即使在一个空房间里，伯达尼也能交朋友，” 艾莉森骄傲地说，“有不同需求的兄弟姐妹，让她变得很包容。”

艾玛就读的是一所特殊学校，家里人也会即时为她的每一次成功庆祝。“有一天，她自己系上了衣服上所有的扣子，这绝对是进步，”艾莉森说。

汤普森一家尝试着像正常家庭那样去生活。去年年底，他们参加了一个观察式电视纪录片的拍摄，向大家证明并不是所有的天才儿童都是过于雄心勃勃的父母造就的。同时是空手道棕带的卡梅伦很高兴参加这次纪录片拍摄，因为他一直想上电视。

“社会给了像艾玛这样的孩子许多帮助，但对于天才儿童几乎没有任何帮助，”艾莉森说。“天才儿童也需要支持，但他们的生活并没有和其他人太不同。卡梅伦就是个例子。” 10 Biggest Puzzles of Human Evolution Advances in genomics are starting to unravel the mystery.Line up the genomes of humans and chimps side by side and they differ by little more than 1 per cent.That may not seem like much, but it equates to more than 30 million point mutations.Around 80 per cent of our 30, 000 genes are affected, and although most have just one or two changes(Gene, vol 346, p 215), these can have dramatic effects.The protein made by the human geneFOXP2, which helps us to speak, differs from its chimp counterpart by just two amino acids, for example.And small changes in the microcephalin andASPM genes may underlie big differences in brain size between humans and chimps.But protein evolution is only part of what makes us human.Also critical are changes in gene regulationsays James Noonan of Yale University.Mutations in key developmental genes are likely to be fatal.But, he says: ”Altering the expression of a gene in a single tissue or at a single time can more easily lead to an innovation that is not lethal." Noonan's lab is one of many that are busy comparing gene expression in tissues such as the brain to home in on the key regulatory difference between chimps and humans, most of which have still to be uncovered.Then there's gene duplication.This can give rise to families of genes that diversify and take on new functions, says Evan Eichler at the University of Washington in Seattle.His lab has identified uniquely human gene families that affect many aspects of our biology, from the immune system to brain development.He suspects that gene duplication has contributed to the evolution of novel cognitive capacities in humans, but at a cost: greater susceptibility to neurological disorders.Copying errors mean whole chunks of DNA have been accidentally deleted.Other chunks find themselves in new locations when mobile genetic elements jump around the genome or viruses integrate themselves into our DNA.The human genome contains more than 26, 000 of these so-called INDELs, many linked with differences in gene expression between humans and chimps(Mobile DNA, vol 2, p 13).Even a complete catalogue of genetic differences will not solve the mystery.Much of what makes us human is cultural, passed from generation to generation by learning, says Ajit Varki at the University of California, San Diego.What's more, he says, The co-evolution of genes and culture is a major force in human evolution, famously leaving the descendents of dairy farmers able to digest milk protein, for example.To crack the mystery of human uniqueness we need to know how genomes build bodies and brains, how brains create culture, and how culture eventually feeds back to alter the genome.It remains a distant goal.人类进化十大谜（之一）：我们与黑猩猩：形不似而基因似？人类和黑猩猩外貌迥异，没有人会搞错，但这两者间的基因相似度却很高，高过野鼠和家鼠之间的基因相似度。这怎么可能呢？基因组学研究正在解开这个谜底。

把人类和黑猩猩的染色体组并排比较，二者差异略高于百分之一。看似不多，但却相当于三千多万的点突变。我们30,000个基因的约百分之八十都会受影响，尽管多数仅有一两处变异（见《基因》第346卷第215页），但影响可能十分巨大。比如，人类FOXP2基因所制造的蛋白质作用于我们的语言能力，只有两个氨基酸与黑猩猩的相应蛋白质不同。此外，微脑磷脂和ASPM基因里的细微差别可能决定了人类和黑猩猩大脑尺寸的巨大差异。

但是，蛋白质的进化只是造就人类的部分原因。耶鲁大学詹姆斯•努南（James Noonan）说，基因规则的变化同等重要——在生长过程中基因何时何地进行表达。关键性发展基因的突变很可能致命。不过他说：“改变单一组织的基因表达或仅改变一次某个基因的表达更容易带来安全的创新。”努南的实验室忙于比较黑猩猩和人类大脑等组织之间的基因表达，找出关键性的规则差异；从事这一工作的实验室还很多，大多尚不为世人所知。

此外还有基因复制。西雅图华盛顿大学的伊万•艾克勒（Evan Eichler）说，由此可能产生多样化和具备新功能的基因族。唯有他的实验室找出了影响了我们免疫系统到大脑发展等多个方面生物性的基因族。他怀疑基因复制对人类新认知能力的进化起着作用，不过是有代价的：更容易神经紊乱。

复制错误就意味着整段的DNA被意外删除。别的基因段进入新的位置，基因组附近出现活动的基因成分，或者病毒融入我们的DNA。人类的基因组包含26000多个这种所谓的基因插入/缺失（INDEL），许多都和人类与黑猩猩之间的基因表达差异相关（《可移动的DNA》第2卷第13页）。

即使取得完整的基因差异图也无法揭开这个谜团。加州大学圣地亚哥分校的阿吉特•瓦基（Ajit Varki）说，造就人类的主要是代代传承的文化。他还说，基因与文化的共同进化才是人类进化的主要力量，比如这个众所周知例子，畜牧业牧民的后代擅于消化牛奶蛋白。要解开人类特殊性之谜，我们必须了解基因组如何构建出身体和大脑，大脑如何创造文化，文化最终又如何反过来改变基因组。这个目标依然遥远。

第四篇：英语背诵美文30篇(翻译)

1．青春------------青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境；青春不是指粉红的面颊、鲜艳的嘴唇、富有弹性的膝盖，而是指坚定的意志、丰富的想象、充沛的情感；青春，它是清新的生命之泉。

青春是一种气质，勇敢胜过怯弱，渴求冒险而不贪图安逸。这样的气息60老者常常有，20青年恰恰无。年岁增添，未必使人垂老；理想不再，终于步入暮年。

岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦、惶恐、自卑，使人心灵扭曲，心灰意冷。

无论60还是16岁，人人心中都怀着对新奇事物的向往，象孩童般对未来充满憧憬，此情永不消退，在生活的游戏中汲取快乐。在你我的内心深处都有一座无线电台，只要它接收到人间和上帝发出的美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就会青春永驻。

一旦你收拢天线，心灵即被愤世嫉俗和自暴自弃的冰霜覆盖，即使年方二十，已经步入垂暮之年；然而只要你竖起天线，接收积极乐观的信号，你就有望在八十高龄过世时依然年轻。（黄亚萍）2．假如给我三天光明(节选)-------------------------我们都读过震撼人心的故事，故事中的主人公只能再活一段很有限的时光，有时长达一年，有时却短至一日。但我们总是想要知道，注定将要离世的人会选择如何度过自己最后的时光。当然，我说的是那些有选择权利的自由人，而不是那些活动范围受到严格限定的死囚。

这样的故事让我们思考，在类似的处境下，我们该做些什么？作为终有一死的人，在临终前的几个小时内我们应该做什么事、经历些什么或做哪些联想? 回忆往昔，什么使我们开心快乐? 什么又使我们悔恨不已? 有时我想，把每天都当作生命中的最后一天来过，也不失为一个极好的生活法则。这种态度会使人格外重视生命的价值。我们每天都应该以优雅的姿态、充沛的精力、抱着感恩之心来生活。但当时间以无休止的日、月和年在我们面前流逝时，我们却常常没有了这种感觉。当然，也有人奉行犬儒主义的“吃喝玩乐”信条，但绝大多数人还是会感受到即将到来的死亡的压力。

在故事中，将死的主人公通常都在最后一刻因突降的幸运而获救，但他的价值观通常都会改变，他变得更加理解生命的意义及其永恒的精神价值。我们常常注意到，那些生活在或曾经生活在死亡阴影下的人无论做什么都会感到幸福。

然而，我们中的大多数人都把生命看成是理所当然的。我们知道有一天我们必将面对死亡，但总认为那一天还在遥远的将来。当我们身强体健之时，死亡简直不可想象，我们很少考虑到它。日子多得好象没有尽头。因此我们一味忙于琐事，几乎意识不到我们对待生活的麻木态度。

我担心同样的冷漠也存在于我们对自己官能和意识的运用上。只有聋子才理解听力的重要，只有盲人才明白视觉的可贵，这尤其适用于那些成年后才失去视力和听力的人，但是那些从未受过丧失视力或听力之苦的人很少充分利用这些宝贵的能力。他们的眼睛和耳朵模糊地感受着周围的景物与声音，心不在焉，也无所感激。这正如我们只有在失去后才懂得珍惜一样，我们只有在生病后才意识到健康的可贵。

我经常想，如果每个人在年轻的时候都有几天失明失聪，也不失为一件幸事。黑暗将使他更加感激光明，寂静将告诉他声音的美妙。（李汉莉）3．以书为伴(节选)-通常看一个人读些什么书就可知道他的为人，就像看他同什么人交往就可知道他的为人一样，因为有人以人为伴，也有人以书为伴。无论是书友还是朋友，我们都应该以最好的为伴。

好书就像是你最要好的朋友。它始终不渝，过去如此，现在如此，将来也永远不变。它是最有耐心、最令人愉悦的伴侣。在我们穷愁潦倒、临危遭难时，它也不会抛弃我们，对我们总是一如既往地亲切。在我们年轻时，好书陶冶我们的性情，增长我们的知识；到我们年 老时，它又给我们以慰藉和勉励。

人们常常因为喜欢同一本书而结为知己，就像有时两个人因为敬慕同一个人而成为朋友一样。有句古谚说道：“爱屋及乌。”其实“爱我及书”这句话蕴涵着更多的哲理。书是更为真诚而高尚的情谊纽带。人们可以通过共同喜爱的作家沟通思想、交流感情，彼此息息相通，并与自己喜欢的作家思想相通、情感相融。

好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生思想的精华，因为人生的境界主要就在于其思想的境界。因此，最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。

书籍具有不朽的本质，是人类努力创造的最为持久的成果。寺庙会倒坍，神像会朽烂，而书却经久长存。对于伟大的思想来说，时间是无关紧要的。多年前初次闪现于作者脑海的伟大思想今日依然清晰如故。他们当时的言论和思想刊于书页，现在依然生动如初。时间惟一的作用是淘汰不好的作品，因为只有真正的佳作才能经世长存。

书籍介绍我们与最优秀的人为伍，使我们置身于历代伟人巨匠之间，如闻其声、如观其行、如见其人，同他们情感交融、悲喜与共、感同身受。我们觉得自己仿佛在作者所描绘的舞台上和他们一起粉墨登场。

即使在人世间，伟大杰出的人物也永生不灭。他们的精神被载入书册，传于四海。书是人们至今仍在聆听的智慧之声，永远充满着活力。（傅琳娜）4．如果我休息，我就会生锈--------------------------在一把旧钥匙上发现了一则意义深远的铭文——如果我休息，我就会生锈。对于那些为懒散而苦恼的人来说，这将是至理名言。甚至是最为勤勉的人也可以此为警示：如果一个人有才而不用，就像废弃钥匙上的铁一样，这些才能很快就会生锈，并最终无法完成安排给自己的工作。

有些人想取得伟人所获得并保持的成就，他们就必须通过不断运用自身才能，以便开启知识的大门，即那些通往人类努力探求的各个领域的大门，这些领域包括各种职业：科学、艺术、文学、农业等。

勤奋使开启成功宝库的钥匙保持光亮。休•米勒如果在采石场劳作一天后，晚上的时光用来休息消遣的话，他就不会成为名垂青史的地质学家。著名数学家爱德蒙•斯通如果闲暇时无所事事，就不会出版数学词典，也不会发现开启数学之门的钥匙。如果苏格兰青年弗格森在山坡上放羊时，让自己那思维活跃的大脑处于休息状态，而不是借助一串珠子计算星星的位置，他就不会成为著名的天文学家。

劳动征服一切。这里所指的劳动不是断断续续的、间歇性的或方向偏差的劳动，而是坚定的、不懈的、方向正确的每日劳动。正如要想拥有自由就必须时刻警惕一样，要想取得伟大的、持久的成功，就必须坚持不懈地努力。（杜朝玉）5．抱负------------一个缺乏抱负的世界将会怎样，这不难想象。或许，这将是一个更为友善的世界：没有渴望，没有摩擦，没有失望。人们将有时间进行反思。他们所从事的工作将不是为了他们自身，而是为了整个集体。竞争永远不会介入；冲突将被消除。人们的紧张关系将成为过往云烟。创造的重压将得以终结。艺术将不再惹人费神，其功能将纯粹为了庆典。人的寿命将会更长，因为由激烈拼争引起的心脏病和中风所导致的死亡将越来越少。焦虑将会消失。时光流逝，抱负却早已远离人心。

啊，长此以往人生将变的多么乏味无聊！

有一种盛行的观点认为，成功是一种神话，因此抱负亦属虚幻。这是不是说实际上并不存在成功？成就本身就是一场空？与诸多运动和事件的力量相比，男男女女的努力显得微不足道？显然，并非所有的成功都值得景仰，也并非所有的抱负都值得追求。对值得和不值得的选择，一个人自然而然很快就能学会。但即使是最为愤世嫉俗的人暗地里也承认成功确实存在，成就的意义举足轻重，而把世上男男女女的所作所为说成是徒劳无功才是真正的无稽 之谈。认为成功不存在的观点很可能造成混乱。这种观点的本意是一笔勾销所有提高能力的动机、求取业绩的兴趣和对子孙后代的关注。

我们无法选择出生，无法选择父母，无法选择出生的历史时期与国家，或是成长的周遭环境。我们大多数人都无法选择死亡，无法选择死亡的时间或条件。但是在这些无法选择之中，我们的确可以选择自己的生活方式：是勇敢无畏还是胆小怯懦，是光明磊落还是厚颜无耻，是目标坚定还是随波逐流。我们决定生活中哪些至关重要，哪些微不足道。我们决定，用以显示我们自身重要性的，不是我们做了些什么，就是我们拒绝做些什么。但是不论世界对我们所做的选择和决定有多么漠不关心，这些选择和决定终究是我们自己做出来的。我们决定，我们选择。而当我们决定和选择时，我们的生活便得以形成。最终构筑我们命运的就是抱负之所在。（叶雅珍）6．为何而生--------我的一生被三种简单却又无比强烈的激情所控制：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难难以抑制的同情。这些激情像狂风，把我恣情吹向四方，掠过苦难的大海，迫使我濒临绝望的边缘。

我寻求爱，首先因为它使我心为之着迷，这种难以名状的美妙迷醉使我愿意用所有的余生去换取哪怕几个小时这样的幸福。我寻求爱，还因为它能缓解我心理上的孤独，在这种可怕的孤独中，我感觉心灵的战栗，仿如站在世界的边缘而面前是冰冷、无底的死亡深渊。我寻求爱，因为在我所目睹的爱的结合中，我仿佛看到了圣贤和诗人们所向往的天堂之景。这就是我所寻找的，虽然对人的一生而言似乎有些遥不可及，但至少是我用尽一生所领悟到的。我用同样的激情去寻求知识。我希望能够理解人类的心灵，希望能够知道群星闪烁的缘由。我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯所景仰的“数即万物”思想。我已经悟出了其中的一点点道理，尽管并不是很多。

爱和知识，用它们的力量把人引向天堂。但是同情却总把人又拽回到尘世中来。痛苦的呼喊声回荡在我的内心。饥饿中的孩子、受压迫的难民、被儿女们当作负担的无助的老人，还有这整个充满了孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，都是对人类所憧憬的美好生活无情的无情嘲弄。我渴望能够减少邪恶，但是我无能为力，我也难逃其折磨。

这就是我的一生。我已经找到了它的价值。而且如果有机会，我很愿意能再活它一次。（陈敏芬）7．爱的召唤--------当爱召唤你时，请追随她，尽管爱的道路艰难险峻。当爱的羽翼拥抱你时，请顺从她，尽管隐藏在其羽翼之下的剑可能会伤到你。当爱向你诉说时，请相信她，尽管她的声音可能会打破你的梦想，就如同北风吹落花园里所有的花瓣。

爱会给你戴上桂冠，也会折磨你。爱会助你成长，也会给你修枝。爱会上升到枝头，抚爱你在阳光下颤动的嫩枝，也会下潜至根部，撼动你紧抓泥土的根基。

但是，如果你在恐惧之中只想寻求爱的平和与快乐，那你就最好掩盖住真实的自我，避开爱的考验，进入不分季节的世界，在那里你将欢笑，但并非开怀大笑，你将哭泣，但并非尽情地哭。爱只将自己付出，也只得到自己。爱一无所有，也不会为谁所有，因为爱本身就已自足。

爱除了实现自我别无他求。但是如果你爱而又不得不有所求，那就请期望： 将自己融化并像奔流的溪水一般向夜晚吟唱自己优美的曲调。明了过多的温柔所带来的苦痛。被自己对爱的理解所伤害； 并情愿快乐地悲伤。

在黎明带着轻快的心醒来并感谢又一个有爱的日子； 在中午休息并品味爱的喜悦； 在黄昏怀着感恩之心回家； 然后为内心所爱之人祈祷，吟唱赞美之歌，并带着祷告和歌声入眠。（张亚芳）8．成功之道--------年轻人创业之初，应该从最底层干起，这是件好事。匹兹堡有很多商业巨头，在他们创业之初，都肩负过“重任”：他们与扫帚相伴，以打扫办公室的方式度过了他们商业生涯中最初的时光。我注意到我们现在办公室里都有工友，于是年轻人就不幸错过了商业教育中这个有益的环节。如果碰巧哪天上午，专职扫地的工友没有来，某个具有未来合伙人气质的年轻人会毫不犹豫地试着拿起扫帚。在必要时新来的员工扫扫地也无妨，不会因此而有什么损失。我自己就曾经扫过地。

假如你已经被录用，并且有了一个良好的开端，我对你的建议是：要志存高远。一个年轻人，如果不把自己想象成一家大公司未来的老板或是合伙人，那我会对他不屑一顾。不论职位有多高，你的内心都不要满足于做一个总管、领班或者总经理。要对自己说：我要迈向顶尖！要做就做你梦想中的国王！

成功的首要条件和最大秘诀就是：把你的精力、思想、资金集中投入到你所从事的行业里去，无论从事哪个职业，就要下定决心在那一领域闯出一片天地来；做这一行的领导人物，采纳每一点改进之处，采用最优良的设备，对专业知识熟稔于心。

一些公司的失败就在于他们分散了资金，因为这就意味着分散了他们的精力。他们向这方面投资，又向那方面投资；在这里投资，在那里投资，到处都投资。“不要把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里”的说法大错特错。我要对你说：“把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里，然后小心地看好那个篮子。”看看你周围，你会注意到：这么做的人其实很少失败。看管和携带一个篮子并不太难。人们总是试图提很多篮子，所以才打破这个国家的大部分鸡蛋。提三个篮子的人，必须把一个顶在头上，而这个蓝子很可能倒下来，把他自己绊倒。美国商人的一个缺点就是不够专注。

把我的话归纳一下：要志存高远；不要出入酒吧；要滴酒不沾，或要喝也只在用餐时喝少许；不要做投机买卖；不要寅吃卯粮；要把公司的利益当作你自己的利益；取消订货的目的永远是为了挽救货主；要专注；把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里，然后小心地看好它；要量入为出；最后，要有耐心，正如爱默生所言，“谁都无法阻止你最终成功，除非你承认自己失败。”（谢继华）9．论见名人--------许多人热衷于见名人，我始终不得其解。在朋友面前吹嘘自己认识某某名人，由此而来的声望只能证明自己的微不足道。名人个个练就了一套处世高招，无论遇上谁，都能应付自如。他们给世人展现的是一副面具，常常是美好难忘的面具，但他们会小心翼翼地掩盖自己的真相。他们扮演的是大家期待的角色，演得多了，最后都能演得惟妙惟肖。如果你以为他们在公众面前的表演就是他们的真实自我，那你就傻了。

我自己就喜欢一些人，非常喜欢他们。但我对人感兴趣一般不是因为他们自身的缘故，而是出于我工作的需求。正如康德劝告的那样，我从来没有把认识某人作为目的，而是将其当作对一个作家有用的创作素材。比之名流显土，我更加关注无名小卒。他们常常显得较为自然真实，他们无须再创造另一个人物形象，用他来保护自己不受世人干扰，或者用他去感动世人。他们的社交圈子有限，自己的种种癖性也就越有可能得到滋长。因为他们从来没有引起公众的关注，也就从来没有想到过要隐瞒什么。他们会表露他们古怪的一面，因为他们从来就没有觉得有何古怪。总之，作家要写的是普通人。在我们看来，国王，独裁者和商界大亨等都是不符合条件的。去撰写这些人物经常是作家们难以抗拒的冒险之举，可为此付出的努力不免以失败告终，这说明这些人物都过于特殊，无法成为一件艺术作品的创作根基，作家也不可能把他们写得真真切切。老百姓才是作家的创作沃土，他们或变幻无常，或难觅其二，各式人物应有尽有，这些都给作家提供了无限的创作素材。大人物经常是千人一面，小人物身上才有一组组矛盾元素，是取之不尽的创作源泉，让你惊喜不断。就我而言，如要在孤岛上度过一个月，我宁愿和一名兽医相守，也不愿同一位首相做伴。（杨婷婷）10．生活理论半对半-我信奉对半理论。生活时而无比顺畅，时而倒霉透顶。我觉得生活就像来回摆动的钟摆。读懂生活的常态需要时间和阅历，而读懂它也练就了我面对未来的生活态度。

让我们来确定一下好坏的基准：是的，我注定会死去。我已经经历了双亲、一位好友、一位敬爱的老板和心爱宠物的死亡。有些突如其来，近在眼前，有些却缓慢痛苦。这些都是糟糕的事情，它们属于最坏的部分。

生活中也不乏高潮：坠入爱河缔结良缘；身为人父养育幼子，诸如训练指导儿子的棒球队，当他和狗在小河中嬉戏时摇桨划船，感受他如此强烈的同情心——即使对蜗牛也善待有加，发现他如此丰富的想象力——即使用零散的乐高玩具积木也能堆出太空飞船。

但在生活最好与最坏部分之间有一片巨大的中间地带，其间各种好事坏事像耍杂技一样上下翻滚，轮番出现。这就是让我信服对半理论的原因。

有一年春天，我在一块洼地上过早地种上了玉米。那块地极易遭到水淹，所以邻居们都嘲笑我。我为了浪费精力而感到懊恼。没想到夏天更为残酷——我经历了最糟糕的热浪和干旱。空调坏了，井干了，婚姻破裂了，工作丢了，钱也没了。我正经历着某首乡村歌曲中描绘的情节，我讨厌这种音乐，只有刚出道不久的堪萨斯皇家棒球队能鼓舞我的精神。

回首那个糟糕的夏天，我很快就明白了，所有后来出现的好事只不过与坏事相互抵消。比一般情况糟糕的境遇不会延宕过久；而太平时光是我应得的，我要尽情享受，它们为我注入活力以应对下一个险情，并确保我可以兴旺发达。对半理论甚至帮助我在堪萨斯皇家棒球队最近的低潮中看到希望——这是一块艰难行进的新手们耕耘的土地，只要播种了，假以时日我们就可以收获十月的金秋。

那个夏天天气酷热，地面湿度适宜，提早播种就可以在热浪打蔫植尖之前完成授粉，由于干旱更没有爆发洪水，立在田里的玉米得以保存。因此那个冬天粮仓里堆满了玉米——丰满、健康、一颗三穗且从头到脚都是饱满的玉米粒的玉米穗——而我的邻居们收获的只是晒黑的空壳。

尽管过去的播种可能没有达到50%的收获期望，而且将来也可能是这样，但我仍然能靠着在旱季繁茂生长的庄稼而生存下去。（黄翠红）11．你的恢复速率是多少？--------------------------你的恢复速率是多少？你需要多长时间才能从让你烦恼的行为中恢复？几分钟？几小时？几天？几星期？你需要的恢复时间越长，那个事件对你的影响就越大，你也就越不能做到最好。简言之，你的恢复时间越长，你就越软弱，你的表现也就越差劲。

你充分意识到，要保持身体健康你需要锻炼，并且你无疑会接受，你的心脏和呼吸系统在锻炼后的恢复速度是衡量健康的一个合理尺度。同样，你越快摆脱使你烦恼的问题，越快恢复平静，你就越健康。此类行为的最好典范是专业运动员。他们知道，越快忘记一件事或失去的机会而好好比赛，他们的发挥就越好。实际上，大多数运动员会估量自己克服并忘记比赛中一个事件所需的时间，而且大多数人都认为３０秒的恢复时间太长了！

想象自己是一位站在舞台上的戏剧演员。你的目标是尽全力扮演好你的角色。你已经拿到了剧本，而剧本中的每句话都以句号结尾。每次你念到一个句子的末尾，你就会开始一个新的句子。尽管下一句和上一句有关联，但并不受它的影响。你的工作是尽力说好每句台词。不要生活在过去！要学会生活在现在，学会克服过去；不要让过去影响你的日常生活；不要让过去的思想妨碍你做到最好；不要让过去干扰你的生活；学会快速恢复。

记住，罗马不是一日建成的。每天都反思自己的恢复速率；每天上床睡觉前，都看看自己的进步；不要躺在床上对自己说：“我那个做错了。”“我应该做得更好。”不要那样做；回想自己的一天，并注意自己努力给某个事件画上句号的时刻。这就是一个成功，你在控制自己的生活。记住这是一个循序渐进的过程。这不是简单的修修补补。你正在进行的是真正的改变，你的目标是：减少用在恢复上的时间。将来该怎么做呢？ 生活在当下，而不是过去。（粘金婵）12． 清理心灵空间--想一下你最近一次受到的消极情绪，例如压力、愤怒或挫折。当你处于那种消极情绪时你在想些什么？是充满了混乱的思绪？还是陷于麻木，无法思考？

下次当你发现自己处于非常紧张的状态时，或是你感到气愤或受挫时，停下来。是的，对，停下来。不管你在做什么，停下来坐上一分钟。坐着的时候，让自己完全沉浸在那种消极情绪之中。

让那种消极情绪充满你的心，给自己一分钟的时间去真切的体会那种情绪，不要欺骗自己。花整整一分钟的时间——但只有一分钟——去体会那种情绪，别的什么也不做。

当一分钟结束时，问自己：“我是否想在今天余下的时间里继续保持这种消极情绪？” 一旦你允许自己完全沉浸在那种情绪当中并真切体会到它，你就会惊奇地发现那种情绪很快就消失了。

如果你觉得还需要点时间来保持那种情绪，没关系，再给自己一分钟的时间去体会它。如果你觉得已经充分地感受了那份情绪，问自己是否愿意在今天余下的时间里继续保持这种消极情绪。如果不愿意，那就深呼吸。呼气的时候，把所有的消极情绪都释放出去。

这个方法似乎很简单——几乎是太过简单了，但却非常有效。通过给自己空间真正体会消极情绪，你是在处理这种情绪，而不是将其压制下去然后尽量不加理会。通过给予消极情绪所需的空间和关注，你实际上是在消解其力量，你就摆脱了它的控制。你可以清理头脑并继续做事。

你下次笼罩于消极情绪时，试一下这种做法，给自己一点空间来体会那种情绪并看看会发生什么。随身带一张写着如下字句的纸条：

停下来。沉浸一分钟。我想保持这种消极情绪吗？深吸气、呼气、放松。继续做事。这会提醒你该怎么去做。记住，要花你所需要的时间去真正沉浸于那种情绪之中。然后，当你感到自己已经充分体会到了它，就将其释放——真的放开它。你会惊奇地发现，你很快就能摆脱消极情绪，并开始做你真正想做的事情！（郑倩）13．快乐-----------“快乐的日子使人睿智。”-----约翰。梅斯菲尔德 第一次读靠英国桂冠诗人梅斯菲尔德的这行诗时，我感到十分震惊。他想表达什么意思？我以前从未对此仔细考虑，总是认定这行诗反过来才正确。但他冷静而又胸有成竹的表达引起我的注意，令我无法忘怀。

终于，我似乎领会了他的意思，并意识到这行诗意义深远。快乐带来的睿智存在于敏锐的洞察力之间，不会因忧虑而含混迷惑，也不会因绝望和厌倦而黯淡模糊，更不会因恐惧而造成盲点。

积极的快乐——并非单纯的满意或知足——通常不期而至，就像四月里突然下起的春雨，或是花蕾的突然绽放。然后，你就会发觉与快乐结伴而来的究竟是何种智慧。草地更为青翠，鸟吟更为甜美，朋友的缺点也变得更能让人理解、宽容。快乐就像是一副眼镜，可以矫正你的精神视力。

快乐的视野并不仅限于你周围的事物。当你不快乐时，隔住了。而在你快乐时，这道墙就会砰然倒塌。

你的眼界变得更为宽广。你脚下的大地，你身边的世界，包括人、思想、情感和压力，现在都融入了更为广阔的景象之中，其间每件事物的比例都更加合理。而这就是睿智的起始。(林香妹)14．生命的美好-----尽管有很多事让人忧虑，但相比而言，值得感激的事要多得多。尽管生命的美好有时被蒙上阴影，但它却永远不会被埋没。

相对于每一个无谓的破坏行为而言，都有更多数以千计更为微小的、包含着爱、友善和 同情的举动静静地上演着。相对于每一个试图伤害他人的人而言，都有更多的人致力于帮助他人、治愈他人的创伤。

生命的美好不能否认。

在最为壮观的前景和最为琐碎的细节中，请仔细观察，因为美好的事物总是散发着耀眼的光芒闪亮登场。

生命的美好没有界限。每一次相遇都会使这美好变得越发丰富。你经历得越多，越能欣赏生命的美好，生命中的美好就会变得越多。

即使当寒风袭来，整个世界似乎被雾气掩盖之时，生命的美好仍会存在。睁开双眼，打开心扉，你就会发现这。因为，在最黑暗的时刻，有一点变得格外清楚，那就是，生命是无价的财富。因此，正是与生命的美好相对立的事物使其越发强大。

无数次地，当你担心这美好已经远离之时，你会发现生命的美好只与你相隔须臾。它就在下一个角落，存在于每个时刻之间，等着给你惊喜。

花些时间让生命的美好感动自己的灵魂，放松自己的思绪。然后，把你的幸运与他人分享。因为生命的美好会在每次给予之间变得越来越壮观。

尽管总是有问题让你去关注，冲突也似乎愈演愈烈，但生命的美好却总是静静地、平和地，带着比以往更强的意志和更多的价值变得更加强大。（王丽华）15．直面内在的敌人-我们的勇气并不是与生俱来的，我们的恐惧也不是。也许有些恐惧来自你的亲身经历、别人告诉你的故事，或你在报纸上读到的东西。有些恐惧可以理解，例如在凌晨两点独自走在城里不安全的地段。但是一旦你学会避免那种情况，你就不必生活在恐惧之中。

恐惧，哪怕是最基本的恐惧，也可以彻底粉碎我们的抱负。恐惧可能摧毁财富，也可能摧毁一段感情。如果不加以控制，恐惧还可能摧毁我们的生活。恐惧是潜伏于我们内心的众多敌人之一。

让我来告诉你我们面临的其他五个内在的敌人。第一个你要在它袭击你之前将其击败的敌人是冷漠。打着哈欠说：“随它去吧，我就随波逐流吧。”这是多么可悲的疾病啊！随波逐流的问题是：你不可能漂流到山顶去。

我们面临的第二个敌人是优柔寡断。它是窃取机会和事业的贼，它还会偷去你实现更美好未来的机会。向这个敌人出剑吧！

第三个内在的敌人是怀疑。当然，正常的怀疑还是有一席之地的，你不能相信一切。但是你也不能让怀疑掌管一切。许多人怀疑过去、相信未来、怀疑彼此、相信政府、怀疑可能性，并怀疑机会。最糟糕的是，他们怀疑自己。我告诉你，怀疑会毁掉你的生活和你成功的机会，它会耗尽你的存款，留给你干涸的心灵。怀疑是敌人，追赶它，消灭它。

第四个内在的敌人是担忧。我们都会有些担忧，不过千万不要让担忧征服你。相反，让它来警醒你。担忧也许能派上用场。当你在纽约走上人行道时有一辆出租车向你驶来，你就得担忧。但你不能让担忧像疯狗一样失控，将你逼至死角。不管是什么来打击你，你都要打击它。不管什么攻击你，你都要反击。

第五个内在敌人是过分谨慎。那是胆小的生活方式。胆怯不是美德，而是一种疾病。如果你不理会它，它就会将你征服。胆怯的人不会得到提拔，他们在市场中不会前进、不会成长、不会变得强大。你要避免过分谨慎。

一定要向这些敌人开战。一定要向恐惧开战。鼓起勇气抗击阻挡你的事物，与阻挡你实现目标和梦想的事物作斗争。要勇敢地生活，勇敢地追求你想要的事物并勇敢地成为你想成为的人。（林清素）16．富足的生活方式-富足是一种生活方式。它不是你偶尔买来、从架子上拿下来、抹去灰尘用上一两次然后又放回到架子上的东西。

富足是一种哲学，它体现于你的生理机能和价值观之中，并带有自己的一套信仰。无论 走路、睡觉、洗澡你都会感受到它，你还要维护并照顾它。

富足并不一定需要金钱。许多人拥有金钱所能买到的一切，但却内心空虚。富足源自内心，其中包含一些重要的自我成分，比如爱、关心、善良和温柔、体贴与同情。富足是一种存在状态，它向外发散，像处于众多星球之间的太阳那样发光发亮。

来自富足的光亮不允许黑暗的出现或存在，除非选择允许它存在。真正的富足不给谎言或通常玩的游戏留有空间，因为富足已经把空间填得太满了。这可能是一个挑战，因为我们仍然需要为了让别人看见而发光。

富足是看到人们的天赋，而不是他们的缺陷。所有的事物都要看其天赋而不是缺陷。从知道自己的富足是什么时候开始，填满空间，全身心地投入生活。你的选择已经告诉了你。例如：教练能够了解队员并激发其潜力，那是他们的天赋；顾问和客服专业人士通常能够提供很多成功且很具实用性的案例；行政助理和虚拟助理熟识协调配合和时间管理的技巧。富足充盈于你的四周以及你的内心。明白富足的内容，爱本色的自己，不要为自己缺少的或是能变得更好的方面爱自己，而是为此时此刻的富足爱自己。

要处于你已经拥有的事物的富足状态。我保证它们就在那儿，深藏不露却从未远离。将其看成空气，吸入体内，因为它们是你的。放开暂时并不富足的东西。把你富足的所有天赋写在橱柜里的鞋盒子上，如果需要就每天早晨拉开橱柜，知道你的天赋都在那儿。

你需要学会信任自己的富足。当你开始处在自己富足的空间之内时，你所需要的东西都会在你需要的时刻出现，这就是更高的力量设置这个宇宙运转的方式。要相信宇宙的能量。知道这一点会让你在其力量方面保持谦卑，但也会让你的光亮闪耀在所有需要的地方。只要处于富足的状态，就是做你自己。（粘金婵）17．人生如诗-------我以为，从生物学角度看，人的一生恰如诗歌。人生自有其韵律和节奏，自有内在的生长与衰亡。人生始于无邪的童年，经过少年的青涩，带着激情与无知、理想与雄心，笨拙而努力地走向成熟；后来人到壮年，经历渐广，阅人渐多，涉世渐深，收益也渐大；及至中年，人生的紧张得以舒缓，人的性格日渐成熟，如芳馥之果实、如醇美之佳酿，更具容忍之心，虽亦愤世嫉俗，但对人生的态度趋于和善；再后来就是人生迟暮，内分泌系统活动减小，若此时吾辈已经悟得老年真谛，并据此安排残年，那生活将平和、宁静、安详而知足；终于，生命之烛摇曳而终熄灭，人开始永恒的长眠，不再醒来。

人们当学会感受生命韵律之美，像听交响乐一样，欣赏其主旋律、激昂的高潮和舒缓的尾声。这些反复的乐章对于我们的生命都大同小异，但个人的乐曲却要自己去谱写。在某些人心中，不和谐音会越来越刺耳，最终竟然能掩盖主曲；有时不和谐音会获得巨大的能量，令乐曲不能继续，这时人们或举枪自杀或投河自尽。这是他最初的主题被无望地遮蔽，只因他缺少自我教育。否则，常人将以体面的进展和进程走向既定的终点。在我们多数人胸中常常会有太多的断奏或强音，那是因为节奏错了，生命的乐曲因此而不再悦耳。我们应该如恒河，学她气势恢弘而永不停息地缓缓流向大海。

人生有童年、成年和老年，谁也不能否认这是一种美好的安排，一天要有清晨、正午和日落，一年要有四季之分，如此才好。人生本无好坏之分，只是各个季节有各自的好处。如若我们持此种生物学的观点，并循着季节去生活，除了狂妄自大的傻瓜和无可救药的理想主义者，谁能说人生不能像诗一般度过呢。莎翁在他的一段话中形象地阐述了人生七个阶段的观点，很多中国作家也说过类似的话。奇怪的是，莎士比亚并不是虔诚的宗教徒，也不怎么关心宗教。我想这正是他的伟大之处，他对人生秉着顺其自然的态度，他对生活之事的干涉和改动很少，正如他对戏剧人物那样。莎翁就像自然一样，这是我们能给作家或思想家的最高褒奖。对人生，他只是一路经历着、观察着，然后离我们远去了。（徐少红）18．独处-----------我发现人若大部分时间用于独处，将有益身心。与人为伴，即使是挚友，也很快会有厌烦或虚度光阴的感觉。我爱独处，我发现没有比独处更好的伴侣了。出国，身在熙攘人群中，要比退守陋室更让人寂寞。心有所想、身有所系的人总是孤身一人，不论他身处何地。独处与否也不是由人与人之间的距离来确定。在剑桥苦读的学子虽身处蜂巢般拥挤的教室，实际上却和沙漠中的苦行僧一样，是在独处。农人终日耕于田间，伐于山野，此时他虽孤单但并不寂寞，因他专心于工作；但待到他日幕而息，却未必能忍受形影相吊，空有思绪做伴的时光，他必到“可以看见大伙儿”的去处去找乐子，如他所认为的那样以补偿白日里的孤独；因此他无法理解学子如何能竟夜终日独坐而不心生厌倦或倍感凄凉；然而他没意识到，学子虽身在学堂，但心系劳作，他是耕于心田，伐于学林，这正和农人一样，学子在寻求的无非是和他一样的快乐与陪伴，只是形式更简洁罢了。

与人交住通常都因唾手可得而毫无价值，在频繁的相处中，我们无暇从彼此获取新价值。我们每日三餐相聚，反复让彼此重新审视的也是依旧故我，并无新奇之处。为此我们要循规蹈矩，称其为懂礼仪、讲礼貌，以便在这些频繁的接触中相安无事，无须论战而有辱斯文。我们相遇在邮局，邂逅在社交场所，围坐在夜晚的炉火旁，交情甚笃，彼此干扰着，纠缠着；实际上我认为这样我们都或多或少失去了对彼此的尊重。对于所有重要的倾心交流，相见不必过频。想想工厂里的女孩，她们虽从不落单，但也少有梦想。像我这样方圆一英里仅一人居住，那情况会更好。人的价值非在肌肤相亲，而在心有灵犀。

我的房子里有很多伙伴，尤其在无人造访的清晨。我把自己和周围事物对比一下，你或许能窥见我生活的一斑。比起那湖中长笑的潜鸟，还有那湖，我并不比它们孤独多少。你看：这孤单的湖又何以为伴呢？然而它那一湾天蓝的湖水里有的却是天使的纯净，而非魔鬼的忧郁。太阳是孤独的，虽然时而在阴郁的天气里会出现两个太阳，但其中之一为幻日；上帝是孤独的——魔鬼才从不孤单，他永远不乏伙伴，因从他者甚众。比起牧场上的一朵毛蕊花、一支蒲公英、一片豆叶、一叶酢浆草、一只牛虻或大黄蜂来，我并不孤单多少；比起密尔溪、风标、北极星、南风、四月春雨、正月融雪、或者新房中的第一只蜘蛛，我也并不更加孤单。（张亚芳）19．给生命以意义---你有没有想过，你希望人们在你死后怎样评论你？你能否听到这样的说法，“他是个伟大的人”或“人们的确会怀念她”，他们还会说些什么？

人生最奇异的现象之一就是，你从事的事业在你死后仍将长久存在。这和你用所有的钱进行投资以便后人能从中获益难道不是如出一辙吗？也许，如果你审视自己的内心深处，你就会发现促使你做出这种贡献的驱动力——— 一种驱使每个人寻找在自己死后仍能继续存在的事业的驱动力。

你希望自己的名字被人记住吗？你希望别人提起你的名字时心怀敬畏吗？你希望自己的面容被雕刻在50英尺高的花岗岩上吗？答案真的那么简单吗？贡献一生的目的难道是终将一死之人想要获得不朽名声的自我鞭策的欲望？抑或是其他更伟大的事物？

今天活着的孩子明天就会死去。一个有可能成为下一个爱因斯坦的婴儿会死于出生并发症。生命的情形并不是固定不变的。我们并没有注定都要活到老年。我们已经认识到，生命是一个周期，其时间长度是特定的。如果这些时间没有被充分利用，那就是个悲剧，因为人的潜能还未实现，因为火花还没形成火焰就被扑灭。

由于存在于肉体之中，所以我们接受这些风险。我们使易朽的肉体服从周围的物理环境的法则。你仔细想一想就会发现，这种交易并不那么糟糕。当我们幻想生命应该如何时，问题就来了。当生命和我们的幻想不一致时，我们就变得烦恼、无奈或沮丧。

我们活着，那我们就要活得精彩；我们有能力体验，那我们就要体验人生甘苦；我们有能力学习，那我们就要在学海徜徉。生命的意义可以在一瞬间抓住—— 一个经常被我们忽略的短暂瞬间。

当生命戏剧般地一幕幕拉开时，其中隐含的意义是什么？当我们周围所有其他真理都似乎随着时间而消逝时，我们能够掌握哪个真理并依靠它来生活呢？

这些瞬间串联在一起，我们称之为事件。这些事件串联在一起，我们称之为生活。当我 们抓住那个瞬间并按照我们的意志来改变它——这意志受到我们内心深处的精神的驱使，我们就发现了生命的意义——这意义将在我们离开地球之后长久存在。（杨丽华）20．品味现在-------在我们的潜意识之中隐藏着一幅田园诗般的风景。我们仿佛置身于一次横跨大陆的迢迢旅途之中。我们乘火车而行，领略窗外流动的景色：附近公路上驰骋的汽车、十字路口处挥手的孩童、远处山坡上吃草的牛群、发电站里冒出的滚滚烟尘、成片的玉米和小麦、平原和山谷、群山和绵延的丘陵、天空衬托下城市的轮廓以及乡间的庄园和宅第。

可是我们心中想得最多的却是最终的目的地。在某一天的某一时刻，我们将会进站。迎接我们的将是演奏的乐队和飘舞的旗帜。我们一旦到了那儿，许多美妙的梦想就将成为现实，我们的生活也将变得完整，就像一幅拼好的拼图。可我们现在在车厢过道里烦燥不安地踱来踱去，咒骂火车的磨磨蹭蹭。我们等待着，等待着，等待着火车进站。“等我们一到站，就万事大吉了！”我们呼喊着。“等我18岁的时候。”“等我买一辆新的450LS奔驰轿车的时候！”“等我供最小的孩子念完大学的时候。”“等我还清抵押贷款的时候！”“等我升官晋职的时候。”“等到退休，我从此就可以过上幸福的生活啦！”

可是我们迟早会认识到，人生之旅并没有车站，最终也没有地方可以到达。生活的真正乐趣就在于旅行的过程，而车站仅仅是个梦，它总是可望而不可及即。

真正让人发疯的不是今天的负担，而是对昨天的悔恨以及对明天的恐惧。悔恨和恐惧是一对孪生窃贼，将今天从我们身边夺走。

那么就不要在车厢过道里徘徊了，不要算计自已已经走了多远。换一种活法，去攀登更多的高山，多吃点冰淇淋解解馋，经常光着脚闲游漫步，在更多的河流里畅游，多欣赏夕阳西下，多点欢笑，少些泪花。我们必须在前进的过程中生活，车站很快就会到来。（蔡双双）21．爱美-----------爱美乃是健全人性不可或缺之一部分。它是一种道德品质。缺乏这种品质并不能作为受到责难的充分理由，但是拥有这种品质则是心灵美好的永恒标志。品德的高尚与美好所达到的程度可能与对美的感受程度成正比。

大自然的美无处不在，整个宇宙就是美的殿堂。美，在春日百花中绽放：美，在绿叶嫩枝间摇曳;美，在深海幽谷里游弋;美，在奇石与贝壳的缤纷色彩中闪烁。不只是这些细微这物，还有海洋、山川、云彩、繁星、日升日落——一切都洋溢着美。这样的美是如此珍贵，与我们最温柔、最高尚的情愫是如此相宜。然而，想到很多人置身于美之中，却几乎对它熟 视无睹，真是令人痛心不已。

所有的人都应该去认识大自然之美。没有一条我们踩过的小虫，没有一片在秋风拂掠之际飞舞的树叶不值得我们研究与赞赏。欣赏美的能力不仅增加了我们快乐的来源，也加强了我们德性的修养。美使我们不安的心平静下来，也驱散了我们的忧虑。到田野或森林去，在夏日的海边或山上呆上一天，那么你所有微不足道的困惑与焦虑都会烟消去散。倾听悦耳 的音乐，你那愚蠢的恐惧与狭隘的嫉妒都会过去。世界之美将有助于我们找到为善之美。（曾惠敏）22．快乐之门-------快乐就像一块为了激起阵阵涟漪而丢进池塘的小石头。正如史蒂文森所说，快乐是一种责任。

快乐这个词并没有确切的定义，快乐的人快乐的理由多种多样。快乐的关键并不是财富或身体健康，因为我们发现有些乞丐、残疾人和所谓的失败者也都非常快乐。

快乐是一种意外的收获，但保持快乐却是一种成就、一种灵性的胜利。努力追寻快乐并不自私，实际上，这是我们对自己和他人应尽的责任。

不快乐就像是传染病，它使得人们都躲避不快乐的人。不快乐的人很快就会发现自己处于孤独、悲惨、痛苦的境地。然而，有一种简单得看似荒谬的治病良方：如果你不快乐，就假装你很快乐！这很有效。不久你就会发现，别人不再躲着你了，相反，你开始吸引别人了。你会发觉，做一块能激起好意涟漪的小石头有多么值得。

然后假装就变成了现实。你拥有了使心灵平静的秘密，会因帮助他人而忘我。

一旦你认识到快乐是一种责任并使快乐成为习惯，能向不可思议的大门就会向你敞开，那里满是感激你的朋友。（王丽华）23．生而为赢-------人皆生而为新，为前所未有之存在；人皆生而能赢。人皆有其特立独行之方式去审视、聆听、触摸、品位及思考，因而都具备独特潜质——能力和局限。人皆能举足轻重，思虑明达，洞察秋毫，富有创意，成就功业。

“成者”和“败者”含义颇多。谈及成者我们并非指令他人失意之人。对我们而言，成者必为人守信，值得信赖，有求必应，态度诚恳，或为个人、或社会一员皆能以真诚回应他人。

成者行事并不拘泥于某种信条，即便是他们认为应为其奉献一生的理念；而是本色行事，所以并不把精力用来表演，保持伪装或操控他人。他们明了爱与装爱、愚蠢与装傻、博学与买弄之间迥然有别。成者无须藏于面具之后。

成者敢于利用所学，独立思考，区分事实与观点，且并不佯装通晓所有答案。他们倾听、权衡他人意见，但能得出自己的结论。尽管他们尊重、敬佩他人，但并不为他人所局限、所推翻、所束缚，也不对他人敬若神灵。

成者既不佯装“无助”，亦不抱怨他人。相反，他们对人生总是独担责任，也不以权威姿态凌驾他人之上。他们主宰自己，而且能意识到这点。

成者善于审时度势，随机应变。他们对所接受的信息做出回应，维护当事人的利益、康乐和尊严。成者深知成一事要看好时节，行一事要把握时机。

尽管成者可以自由享乐，但他更知如何推迟享乐，适时自律，以期将来乐趣更盛。成者并不忌惮追求所想，但取之有道，也并不靠控制他人而获取安然之感。他们总是使自己立于不败。

成者心忧天下，并不孤立于尘世弊病之外，而是置身事内，满腔热忱，致力于改善民生。即使面对民族、国家之危亡，成者亦非无力回天之个体。他总是努力令世界更好。(林香妹)24．工作和娱乐-----要想真正生活得幸福和平安，一个人至少应该有两三种业余爱好，而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才开始说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是毫无用处的，这种尝试只会增加精神上的负担。在与自己日常工作无关的领域中，一个人可以获得渊博的知识，但却很难有所收益或得到放松。做自己喜欢的事是无益的，你得喜欢自己所做的事。广言之，人可以分为三个类别：劳累而死的人、忧虑而死的人和无聊而死的人。对于那些体力劳动者来说，一周辛苦的工作使他们精疲力竭，因此在周六下午给他们提供踢足球或者打棒球的机会是没有意义的。对于政界人士、专业人士或者商人来说，他们已经为棘手的事务操劳或者烦恼了六天，因此在周末请他们为琐事劳神同样毫无意义。

或者可以这么说，理智的、勤奋的、有用的人可以分为两类：对第一类人而言，工作就是工作，娱乐就是娱乐；对于第二类人而言，工作和娱乐是合二为一的。很大一部分人属于前者。他们可以得到相应的补偿。在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作，不仅带给他们维持生计的金钱，还带给他们一种渴求娱乐的强烈欲望，哪怕这种娱乐消遣是以最简单、最淳朴的方式进行的。而第二类人则是命运的宠儿。他们的生活自然而和谐。在他们看来，工作时间永远不够多，每天都是假期；而当正常的假日到来时，他们总会抱怨自己有趣的休假被强行中断。然而，有一些东西对于这两类人来说都十分必要，那就是变换一下视角，改变一下氛围，尝试做点不同的事情。事实上，那些把工作看作娱乐的人可能最需要以某种方式将工作不时地驱赶出自己的大脑。（陈敏芬）25镜子，镜子，告诉我 充满爱意的人生活在充满爱意的世界里，充满敌意的人则生活在充满敌意的世界里。你 所遇到的每一个人都是你的镜子。

镜子有一个非常独特的功能，那就是映射出在其前面的影像。就像真正的镜子具有反射功能一样，我们生活中的所有人也都能映射出他人的影子。

当我们看到美丽的事物时，例如一座花园，那这花园就起到了反射作用。为了发现我们面前美好的事物，我们必须能发现自己内在的美。我们爱某个人，也正是我们爱自己的表现。我们经常听到这样的话：“当我和那个人在一起的时候，我爱那时的自己。”这句话也可以简单地说成：“在我爱那个人的同时，我也能爱我自己。”有时，我们遇见一个陌生人，感觉仿佛是一见如故，就好像我们已经相识甚久。这种熟悉感可能来自于彼此身上的共同点。

就像“镜子”或他人能映射出我们积极的一面一样，我们更有可能注意到映射出自己消极方面的“镜子”。例如，我们很容易就能记住我们碰到自己不太喜欢的人的时刻。我们可能在心里对那个人有些反感。当我们认识自己不喜欢与之相处的人时，这种情况就更为明显。具有讽刺意味的是，通常当我们讨厌别人身上的某些特质时，那就说明你其实讨厌自己身上相类似的特质。

每次，当我遇到自己不太喜欢的人时，我就开始进一步质问自己。我会扪心自问：“我不喜欢那个人的哪些方面？”然后还会问：“我是不是有和他相似的地方？”每次，我都能在自己身上看到一些令我厌恶的特质。我有时不得不深刻地反省自己。那这意味着什么呢？ 这意味着，就像我会对其他人身上令我厌恶的特质感到愤怒或不安一样，我应该更好地重新审视自己的特质，并考虑做一些改变。即使我不想做大的改变，至少我会考虑该如何修正自己正在做的一些事情。

我们时常会遇到陌生人，并感到疏远或厌恶。尽管我们不想去相信，不容易也不想去深究，但是弄清楚别人的哪些特质在自己身上有所体现是非常有意义的一课，这也正是增强自我意识的另一个途径。（陈银树）26．微尘与栋梁-----让人奇怪的是，和别人的过错比起来，我们自身的过错往往不是那样的可恶。我想，其原因应该是我们知晓一切导致自己犯错的情况，因此能够设法谅解自己的错误，而别人的错误却不能谅解。我们对自己的缺点不甚关注，即便是深陷困境而不得不正视它们的时候，我们也会很容易就宽恕自己。据我所知，我们这样做是正确的。缺点是我们自身的一部分，我们必须接纳自己的好和坏。

但是当我们评判别人的时候，情况就不同了。我们不是通过真实的自我来评判别人，而是用一种自我形象来评判，这种自我形象完全摒弃了在任何世人眼中会伤害到自己的虚荣或者体面的东西。举一个小例子来说：当觉察到别人说谎时，我们是多么地蔑视他啊！但是，谁能够说自己从未说过谎？可能还不止一百次呢。

人和人之间没什么大的差别。他们皆是伟大与渺小、善良与邪恶、高尚与低俗的混合体。有的人性格比较坚毅，机会也比较多，因而在这个或那个方面，能够更自由地发挥自己的禀赋，但是人类的潜能却都是相同的，至于我自己我认为自己并不比大多数人更好或者更差，但是我知道，假如我记下我生命中每一次举动和每一个掠过我脑海的想法的话，世界就会将我视为一个邪恶的怪物。每个人都会有这样的怪念头，这样的认识应当能够启发我们宽容自己，也宽容他人。同时，假如因此我们得以用幽默的态度看待他人，即使是天下最优秀最令人尊敬的人，而且假如我们也因此不把自己看得过于重要，那是很有裨益的。（王丽香）27．十月的日出-----第二天凌晨，在十月的太阳升起之前，我已经起身并穿过了旷野和丛林。十月的清晨乍寒乍暖，日出的景象非常壮观。透过一片晨曦，朝阳从朦胧的山岗和起伏连绵的高地边际，沉重的抬起肩头。在它的逼视下，蒙蒙的雾气向下沉降，落到洼地里去，接着一丝一缕缕地悄悄飘散，而在草地之上悬岩之下的那些隐秘角落里，雾气却还不愿散去，同时群山的雄姿接二连三地显现出来。

森林也层层叠叠地显现，宛若刚刚苏醒的山峦的斗蓬，端庄威严，并带着狂风暴雨的回 忆。秋天成熟的手已经在抚摸这些山林，因为它们的颜色已经改变，染上了金黄、丹红和橄榄绿。它们对朝阳所怀的一片喜悦，像是要奉献给一个新郎，更像是要奉献给一位父亲。

然而，在树林那流动的景色逝去之前，欢悦的晨光突然跃出了峰峦和山谷，光线所及，把照到的地方和周围的森林分别染成青色、紫色琥珀色和富丽的红玫瑰色。光线照到哪里，那里就如同一幅幕布被掀开。而所有的一切同样的驱散恐惧和黑暗的魔影，所有的一切都展开希望的翅膀，向前飞翔，并大声宣告：“上帝在这里！”于是生命和欢笑从每一个蜷伏的洞穴里信心十足地欣然跃出；一切花朵、蓓蕾和鸟雀都感到了生命和欢笑而抖动起来；上帝的凝视汇合成温柔的恩泽。

也许，那永恒的晨光就会这样降临人间，那时不再有险崖沟壑，不再有峰峦山谷，也不再有浩瀚无际的海洋；万物都将踊跃升腾，在造物主慈爱的光芒中生辉，因为太阳已经升起。（林锦丽）28．生存还是毁灭---“生存还是毁灭。”除《圣经》以外，这六个字是整个世界文学中最著名的六个字。这六个字是哈姆雷特喃喃自语时所说的，而这六个字也是莎士比亚作品中最有名的几个字，因为哈姆雷特不仅道出了自己的心声，也道出了所有在思考的人的心声。生存还是毁灭——是活下去还是不要活下去，是要生活得丰富充实、兴致勃勃，还是生活得枯燥委琐、贫乏无味。一位哲人曾想弄清自己是否在活着，其实这个问题我们每个人都应该不时地扪心自问。他对这个问题的答案是：“我思，故我在。”

但是我所见过的关于生存最好的定义却出自另一位哲学家：“生活即是联系。”如果这话不假，那么一个生物拥有的联系越多，它就越有活力。所谓要活得丰富也即是要扩大和加强我们的各种联系。不幸的是，我们天生就容易陷入自己的陈规旧套。试问除去我们的日常事务，我们在多大程度上是活着的？如果你只对日常事物感兴趣，那你的生命也就局限于那个范围之内。就其他事物而言——诗歌、散文、音乐、美术、体育、无私的友谊、政治、国际事务等等——你只是一个死人。

反之，每当你有了一种新的兴趣——甚至是一种新的技艺——你就增加了自己生命的能量。一个对许多事物都深感兴趣的人不可能总不快乐，真正的悲观者是那些失去兴趣的人。

培根曾说，一个人每当失去朋友便死一次，但是通过结交新朋友，我们就能获得新的生命。这条对于生物来说千真万确的道理也完全适用于人的思想，思想也是有生命的。你思想之所在即是你生命之所在。如果你的思想只局限于自己的工作、自己的物质利益、自己所居住的城镇内狭小的生活圈子，那么你的生命也是局限的、狭小的。但是如果你对当前中国所发生的种种事感兴趣，那么你就相当于生活在中国；如果你对一本绝妙小说中的人物感兴趣，你就相当于生活在那些极有趣的人中间；如果你能全神贯注地听绝妙的音乐，你就会超脱周围环境而生活在一个充满激情与想象的世界之中。

生存还是毁灭——是活得热烈而丰富，还是活得像行尸走肉，那都取决于我们自己。让我们扩大并加强我们的联系吧。活着就要精彩！（郭海冰）29．葛底斯堡演说---八十七年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创建了一个新国家。这个国家孕育于自由之中，奉行人人生而平等的原则。

现在我们正投身于一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由并奉行上述原则的国家能否长久存在。我们相聚在这场战争的一个伟大战场上。我们来到这里，是为了把这片战场的一部分献给那些在此为国家生存而捐躯的人们，将其作为他们最终的安息之所。我们这样做是完全恰当的，也是应该的。

但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能奉献，不能圣化，也不能神化。那些曾在此战斗过的勇士们，不论是活着的还是牺牲的，都已经圣化了这片土地。他们所做的远非我们的微薄之力所能扬抑。世界不会注意也不会铭记我们今天在此所说的话，但却绝不会忘记勇士们在此所做的壮举。而我们这些活着的人，应该在此献身于这未尽之业，这崇高的 未尽之业正是那些在此奋斗过的勇士们迄今所推进的。我们应该在此献身于留给我们的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的先烈身上汲取更多的献身精神，投身于他们鞠躬尽瘁的事业；我们在此下定决心，不让先烈们白白牺牲；在上帝的保佑下，让这个国家获得自由的新生；让这个民有、民治、民享的政府与世长存。(郭海冰)30．就职演讲-------我们今天庆祝的并不是政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利。它象征着结束，也象征着开始；它意味着复兴，也意味着变革。因为我已在你们和全能的上帝面前宣誓，这庄严的誓言是我们的祖先在将近一又四分之三个世纪以前所拟就的。

同胞们，我们事业的最终成败，主要取决于你们，而不是我。自建国以来，每一代美国人都曾受到召唤去证明自己对祖国的忠诚。响应这种召唤而服军役的美国青年的忠骨遍及世界各地。

现在那号角又在召唤我们，不是号召我们拿起武器，虽然我们需要武器；不是号召我们奔赴战场，虽然我们严阵以待；而是号召我们肩负起重任，去作黎明前漫长的斗争，年复一年，“在希望中欢乐，在磨难中忍耐”。这是一场对抗人类公敌的斗争，这些人类的公敌是：暴政、贫困、疾病和战争。

我们是否能够不分东西南北，建立一个全球性的伟大联盟来对付这些敌人，以确保全人类过上更美好的生活？你们愿意参与这历史性的努力吗？

在漫长的历史长河中，只有少数几代人在自由遭遇最大威胁威胁时被赋予捍卫自由的重任。在这一重任面前，我决不退缩，我将迎接它。我相信我们之中没有人愿意跟任何其他民族或其他时代交换我们现在所处的位置。我们为此付出的精力，信念与奉献，将照亮我们的祖国以及所有为国效力的人。那火焰所发出的光芒必能照亮全世界。

所以，我的美国同胞们，不要问你的国家能为你做些什么，而要问你能为你的国家做些什么。

全世界的公民们，不要问美国会为你做什么，而应问我们能为人类的自由共同做些什么。最后，无论诸位是美国公民抑或是他国的公民，请在此以我们要求你们效力与奉献的高标准来要求我们。问心无愧是我们惟一确定的报酬，历史将是我们所作所为的最后裁判者。让我们勇往直前来引领我们所热爱的土地，同时祈求上帝的保佑与扶携。但我们知道，在这个世界上，上帝的任务必须由我们自已来完成。（郑婷婷）

（厦门大学）

第五篇：钱钟书经典美文翻译详解

出场人物：申雨平，北京外国语大学教授。钱钟书先生的这篇散文说的是窗子，但是其用意绝不仅仅是说说窗子而已，而是要以窗子来比喻生活、比喻人生。从语言上看，《窗》延续了一贯的钱派手法，用词平实、普通，没有长句，没有什么复杂结构，非常从容地叙述、说理，却又紧紧地扣住了主题。这样的特点对翻译构成的难度不言而喻，翻译中应当时时充分考虑上述特点，尽量在译文中体现出来。

一逐句分析：

（题目中的这个窗字，又是春天 It is spring again中文是无主句，英文没有这样的句子结构，因此用英文如果也把again在句末和原文“又”放在句首分量相当。

窗子可以常开了 and 用定冠词the 加单数名词1）复数名词，2）不定冠词一致性。“常开”不能译成说的，人们什么时候想开窗都行，所以用了

春天从窗外进来 As spring comes in through the windows这句把春天拟人化了，英文也用同样的结构就行。窗外：把“从窗外进来”理解成一个过程，用

窗

Random Thoughts on the Window使人有多种联想，因此译成on the Window。）

It is...句型。原文里这个词就太突出，分量太重了。所以 window can be left open as often window来代表所有的窗子。英语里表示a/an+名词，3）定冠词+名词。这里就是用的第三种，更侧重其can open often或can be opened oftenone would like这样的说法。out of the windowthrough表示就比较好。Random Thoughts

“又”用在句首，但是again一词在译文中放as one would like

”可以有几种方法：

。但是，如果

包含的意思较为丰富，放在句首，the “全部。因为原文是从人的角度人在屋子里坐不住，就从门里出去 so people--unable to bear staying inside any longer--go outdoors

破折号之间的形容词短语说明人们在屋里坐不住的原因。bear：忍受，后面既可跟-ing动词，也可跟不定式动词。

不过屋子外的春天太贱了 The spring outside, however, is much too cheap

这里的“贱”，是说春天多阳光，以多为贱，中外同理，用

到处是阳光 for the sun shines on everything这里和上一句是连接在一起的，is everywhere。因为阳光并不是一种存在，而是说照耀在所有的一切上面，因此说

不像射破屋里阴深的那样明亮shoots into the darkness of the house用seem是指屋里屋外阳光是一样的，只是环境的反差使阳光显得不同罢了。示屋里屋外阳光的比较。that指

到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风everywhere

这里加了一个词outside，因为后面马上要说到的文里与之相当的词就是shine，但是说这句话。sun-slothed是一个复合词。

不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气the gloominess inside the house沉闷这个词在这里不是形容词，而是名词，所以用的名词。

and so does the sun。Outside the sun-slothed breeze blows shine并没有带复合宾语的用法，所以换了一个角度来 but it

cheap

for来说明原因。最好不要译成not seem as

“屋里”并不包括在not so lively gloomy加上词尾 the sunshine shines。as that which as...as是表“到处”一词里；“晒”字英as that which stirs-ness构成了表示状态也就顺理成章了。所以用了连接词bright is 就是鸟语，也似乎琐碎而单薄，需要屋里的寂静来做衬托 Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off

说thin and broken而不说broken and thin只是因为语音的关系，音节少的词放在前面，多的放在后面，结构上显得平稳，不至于头重脚轻。只要把这几个词连在一起朗读一下就可体会出来。

我们因此明白，春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的，好比画配了框子spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for a picture in a frame

“我们因此明白”译成It seems...，因为这是一种比喻的说法，直译成英文会给人以突兀的感觉，所以用“似乎如此”的说法。be meant to be的意思是“原本为......”语气上与原文更相符合，并没有特别具体的含义。中文说“窗子里”，而英文却不能说windowpane，windowpane指的是窗子上的玻璃，这就是用behind

同时，我们悟到，门和窗有不同的意义 At the same time it that the door has a different significance from the window悟到和上一句中的“明白”是相同的意思，it become clear that 这一说法比肯定一些。

当然，门是造了让人出进的 Of course, doors were made for people to pass through

出进可以译成to come out and go in，但译成to pass through就显得句子紧凑、精炼一些。

但是，窗子有时也可作为进出口用 but a window can also sometimes an entrance or as an exit

entrance和exit这两个词比door和window抽象化了，充分表明了“含义。

譬如小偷或小说里私约的情人就喜欢爬窗子 and is used as such by thieves and by lovers in novels

It seems that just like always等于从in a

becomes clear

it seems that 要 serve as ”的字面意思和 show,，加了的原因。also 进出口译文用了by thieves and by lovers，而不说by thieves and lovers，因为这本来就是两类人，不能放在一起混为一谈。

所以窗子和门的根本分别，决不仅是有没有人进来出去 In fact the fundamental difference between a door and a window has nothing to do with them being either entrances or exits

比较一下different between和前文的different(from)：说两者之间的区别，用different between A and B；而说A怎样不同于B则说A is different from B。

若据赏春一事来看，我们不妨这样说 When it comes to the admiration of spring, it could be put this way

When it comes to是比较中庸的说法，不那么正式，但也不那么随意，意思是“说起赏春......”，让人们对下文有一个期待。

有了门，我们可以出去 a door makes it possible for one to go out

“有了门”不能译成with a/the door，因为这里不是说有还是没有，而是有门存在，人们就可以进出房屋。

有了窗，我们可以不必出去 whereas a window makes it possible for one not to have to

Whereas而......。这是一个连接词，表示一种前后的比较或对照。这里的句型和上面是一样的，但是后面的not to have to 是不定式的否定形式，后面省略了go out。

窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜 A window helps to pull down the partition between man and nature

“由于有了窗子，人和大自然之间的隔膜才得以打破”，窗子起的是一种促进作用，其本身并不能去“打破”什么，因此用了helps to pull down。partition隔离墙。“隔膜”是解剖学词汇，这里用的是其引申意义，不能按字面译成diaphragm，那样意思就不对了。man and nature：man是指整个人类，所以不用任何冠词；nature则是不可数名词。把风和太阳逗引进来，使屋子里也关着一部分春天 It leads breezes and sunlight in, and keeps part of the spring in the house

Lead：引导，引领。keep...inthe house：使停留在屋里不能外出。

让我们安坐了享受，无需再到外面去找 It allows one to sit and enjoy the spring in peace, and makes it unnecessary to go looking for it outside

原文是说“安坐”，而实际上“安”的意思也应当能涵盖“享受”，只是从词的节奏上感觉“安坐”和“享受”都是两个字的词，似乎是并列的。译文里译成了sit...in peace，等于将状语移了一个位。注意这句中几个it的含义，第一个it指代window，第二个it是形式宾语，引出后面的to go...，第三个it是指代the spring。

二全篇通览

窗

Random Thoughts on the Window

又是春天，窗子可以常开了。春天从窗外进来，人在屋子里坐不住，就从门里出去。不过屋子外的春天太贱了！到处是阳光，不像射破屋里阴深的那样明亮；到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风，不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气。就是鸟语，也似乎琐碎而单薄，需要屋里的寂静来做衬托。我们因此明白，春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的，好比画配了框子。

It is spring again and the window can be left open as often as one would like.As spring comes in through the windows, so people--unable to bear staying inside any longer--go outdoors.The spring outside, however, is much too cheap, for the sun shines on everything, and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house.Outside the sun-slothed breeze blows everywhere, but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house.Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off.It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame.同时，我们悟到，门和窗有不同的意义。当然，门是造了让人出进的。但是，窗子有时也可作为进出口用，譬如小偷或小说里私约的情人就喜欢爬窗子。所以窗子和门的根本分别，决不仅是有没有人进来出去。若据赏春一事来看，我们不妨这样说：有了门，我们可以出去；有了窗，我们可以不必出去。窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜，把风和太阳逗引进来，使屋子里也关着一部分春天，让我们安坐了享受，无需再到外面去找。At the same time it also becomes clear that the door has a different significance from the window.Of course, doors were made for people to pass through;but a window can also sometimes serve as an entrance or as an exit, and is used as such by thieves and by lovers in novels.In fact the fundamental difference between a door and a window has nothing to do with them being either entrances or exits.When it comes to the admiration of spring, it could be put this way: a door makes it possible for one to go out, whereas a window makes it possible for one not to have to.A window helps to pull down the partition between man and nature.It leads breezes and sunlight in, and keeps part of the spring in the house.It allows one to sit and enjoy the spring in peace, and makes it unnecessary to go looking for it outside.