德国历史文化风景演讲稿

第一篇：德国历史文化风景演讲稿

世界文化史演讲

尊敬的老师，亲爱的同学们：

大家好！我是来自，今天由我带大家走近德国，感受德国的历史与文化。德意志联邦共和国在德语中为“Bundesrepublik Deutschland”，通称Deutschland，英语中对德国的称呼“Germany”则是来源于日耳曼人。

德意志联邦共和国是一个位于中欧的议会制共和制国家。联邦总统为国家元首，联邦总理为政府首脑。

德国是欧盟的创始会员国之一，也为联合国、北约、八国集团、《申根公约》的成员国。德国是欧洲大陆主要的经济与政治体之一，亦为世界第二大商品出口国和第三大商品进口国，在医学研究、技术创新和科技水平等领域在世界处于领先地位。

东邻波兰、捷克，南接奥地利、瑞士，西接荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、法国，北接丹麦，濒临北海和波罗的海，是欧洲邻国最多的国家。面积为35.7万平方公里。

德国国旗，是横长方形，长与宽之比为5∶3。

三色国旗在机场、宾馆、宴会和其他场合悬挂。联邦政府机构和驻外使馆等悬挂带有黑鹰图案的国旗。

旗面自上而下依次由黑、红、黄三道条纹平行相等组成。盾形徽章“联邦之盾”位于中央。黑鹰象征着力量和勇气。黑色代表勤勉与力量，红色象征国民的热情，金色则代表重视荣誉。

在文艺方面，受意大利文艺复兴的影响，德国的18世纪文学走向顶峰。歌德、海涅、席勒、莱辛都是杰出的代表。

音乐是德国人生活中不可缺少的组成部分。德国造就了各个不同时期的音乐大师，如贝多芬、巴赫、门德尔松、瓦格纳等。

享誉世界的柏林爱乐乐团，成立于1882年，20年代，该团演出了贝多芬、勃拉姆斯等人的作品，曾在柏林轰动一时；此后又演出了莫扎特、舒曼、肖邦、海顿等作曲家的作品，受到人们的欢迎。卡拉扬担任常任指挥后，乐团经过他的严格训练，在世界各地演出了大量古典和近代的音乐作品，赢得了很高的国际声誉。

思想方面，就有我们熟知的马克思和恩格斯。

慕尼黑位于德国南部阿尔卑斯山北麓的伊萨尔河畔，是德国主要的经济、文化、科技和交通中心之一，也是欧洲最繁荣的城市之一。慕尼黑同时又保留着原巴伐利亚王国都城的古朴风情，因此被人们称作“百万人的村庄”。

宁芬堡宫

宁芬堡宫位于城市的西北端，建于1664至1728年，是一座辉煌的巴洛克宫殿。这座宫殿是选帝侯斐迪南和妻子阿德莱德在1664年邀请了一批意大利建筑师和艺术家建造，以庆祝王室继承人——儿子选帝侯马克西米里安二世的出生。

皇家啤酒馆

始建于1589年，是当时的皇家啤酒厂。整幢建筑最多可容纳5000人；三楼是大宴会厅，可容纳1000人一起欢饮。啤酒屋供应其酿造的HB啤酒。每天都有近万升的啤酒从这儿运往大大小小的酒铺、酒馆、宴会厅以及啤酒园。

屋里的装饰别具一格，屋顶有鲜艳的彩画，里面很宽大，不时地有钢管乐演奏，为豪饮啤酒的人助兴。还有身穿巴伐利亚服饰的小姐劝买圈圈。同时你也能看到传统的巴伐利亚民族歌舞表演。

宴会厅的乐队会根据世界各国游客的要求，演奏各个国家的名曲。由于中国游客越来越多，现在《义勇军进行曲》已经成了每天的保留曲目。

新天鹅堡

这座城堡是巴伐利亚国王路德维希二世的行宫之一。共有360个房间，其中只有14个房间依照设计完工，其他的346个房间则因为国王在1886年逝世而未完成。是德国境内受拍照最多的建筑物，也是最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。由于是迪斯尼城堡的原型，也有人叫白雪公主城堡。建于1869年。这犹如人间仙境的地方藏着有关魔法、国王，骑士的古老的民间传说，还有那无边原始的森林、柔嫩的山坡、无边的绿野上漫步着成群的牛羊，积雪终年的阿尔卑斯山和无尽宽阔的大湖。

在这美丽和浪漫的背后却藏着一个年轻国王的悲剧。巴伐利亚王国的国王路德维希二世出生于1845年8月25日，他从小喜欢各式歌剧和舞台剧，自己写了不少与歌颂善良战胜邪恶的剧本，也是德国著名的舞台剧作家瓦格纳的崇拜者。然而，国王的感情生活却充满悲剧色彩，他的童年是与他年轻的表姐，后来的奥地利王后茜茜公主一起度过的，在他那个对爱情开始产生朦胧的感觉时，他的表姐15岁就嫁去了奥地利。她那美丽的倩影留给了年轻的王子深刻难以磨灭的印记。在一次书信中，年轻的王子称呼茜茜公主，是世上最了解他的人。

茜茜公主也曾经很努力的为她的表弟物色适合的姑娘，当时，年轻的国王也兴奋的表示，他已经找到了他一生感情的归属。但是，这段感情却突然结束了。这差一点就成功的婚姻给国王带来了很大的创伤，自此，他就沉醉于舞台剧的幻想中。后来，国王为瓦格纳的剧本所深深打动，决定修建这座白色的童话城堡为瓦格纳的舞台剧塑造一个背景，让那勇敢的骑士和那美丽的公主的动人故事能在那里上演。1869年，就在巴伐利亚南部的天鹅城堡遗址上，他勾勒出自己的梦的世界－－新天鹅城堡。

宝马世界

宝马世界集汽车交付、体验馆、博物馆与活动现场于一身，是一座独一无二的展览中心。宝马世界广场上有一条充满驾驶乐趣的走廊：120多米长的最新汽车展示区全方位展现宝马系列产品。在面向七至十三岁孩子开设的青少年课堂区，不仅激发孩子们的想象力和好奇心，更以适合孩童的方式向他们介绍相关技术知识。此外，这里常年在宝马世界的独有氛围下组织举办各种音乐、艺术、政治、经济活动。

拜仁，是一个位于慕尼黑市的足球俱乐部，于德国足球甲级联赛参赛。成立百余年来，夺得各项冠军荣誉，铸就了球队璀璨的历史。目前拜仁共获23次德甲冠军，16次德国杯冠军，5次德国超级杯冠军，5次欧洲冠军杯冠军，1次欧洲联盟杯冠军、1次欧洲优胜者杯冠军以及2次丰田杯冠军，是德国最成功和最受欢迎的足球俱乐部之一。

慕尼黑啤酒节

慕尼黑啤酒节原名“十月节”，起源1810年10月12日，因在这个节日期间主要的饮料是啤酒，所以人们习惯性地称其为啤酒节。每年九月末到十月初在德国的慕尼黑举行，持续两周，是慕尼黑一年中最盛大的活动，与英国伦敦啤酒节、美国丹佛啤酒节并称世界三大啤酒节。

起源

1810年10月12日，巴伐利亚的王储路德维希与萨克森王国的特蕾泽·露易丝公主举行盛大的婚礼。王储的父亲约瑟夫决定为他儿子的婚礼举行为期两天的庆祝活动。为了表示国王对其臣民的恩典，在这两天的活动中，在慕尼黑有4个地方向全体平民免费供应饭菜和饮料。王国的骑兵卫队还在慕尼黑西南的一个大草坪上举行赛马活动和射击比赛，以示助兴。由于那次庆典给人们留下了深刻的印象，所以人们建议1811年再搞一次全民性的活动。以后就每年举办一次。这就是十月节的起源。

开幕仪式

每逢十月节开幕那天，要举行盛大的开幕式和由各大啤酒厂组织的五彩缤纷的游行。开幕式在一个临时搭起的大帐篷里由慕尼黑市市长主持。中午12时，在12响礼炮声和音乐声中，市长用一柄木槌把黄铜龙头敲进一个大啤酒桶内，然后拧开龙头，把啤酒放出来，盛在特制的大啤酒杯中。市长饮下这第一杯，著名的十月节便正式开始了。

盛装巡游

每年啤酒节的第一个周日，来自全德国各个州的人们穿上富有特色的民族服装，演奏音乐，浩浩荡荡的穿过慕尼黑的市中心，最后来到啤酒节的现场

人们把自己打扮成古代衣着考究的贵族公爵，身披绫罗绸缎的王妃贵妇，驾着鲜花装扮的古典马车，也有不少人很朴实的穿着农民过节穿的衣服。参加的人从老到少，有家庭妇女，中学生，连幼儿园小朋友都有。扮演的人物也是丰富多彩，有阿尔卑斯山下的牧童，莱茵河畔的磨房主，到科隆教堂的修女，北德普鲁士的老翁。

啤酒帐篷

比一般的帐篷装修更大也更豪华得多，每个帐篷里放有长条木桌和板凳。大篷的一端还有一个临时舞台，由民间乐队演奏欢乐的民间乐曲。帐篷一般可容纳三四千人。最大的有7000个座位。

在十月节期间，各帐篷里都由身穿巴伐利亚民族服装的女服务员给顾客送酒。虽然看上去她们都很苗条，但却力大无比，双手可拿10只装满啤酒的大酒杯。游乐项目

科隆狂欢节

科隆狂欢节在市内也被称为“第五季节”，每年于11月11日11时11分正式在老市场上开幕。

科隆狂欢节被人们认为是全德国最盛大也最为疯狂的狂欢节。人们为了纪念并迎接即将到来的大斋戒期而投入到这狂欢之中。从前，人们为了将冬季恶灵驱逐出城，便头戴面具上街游行，而现在这一惯例被保留了下来。

节日期间，小到酒馆大到街道，处处聚满了身着各色奇装异服的人们，每个人都沉浸在游行的欢歌笑语之中。同时，所有的商业活动一律歇业。

游行是这里的重头戏，绵延5英里的游行队伍，沿途有成千上万的人群在道路两旁观看表演，同时也可以得到一些从游行队伍中撒出来的糖果。

狂欢节会一直延续到明年的2月底，但节日的高潮一般在每年的1月底-2月底，正好与中国的农历新年接近。德国许多城市都举办狂欢节活动，但最有声望规模最宏大的狂欢节庆祝活动在科隆和杜塞尔多夫这两座比邻的城市

霍亨索伦桥 这座桥不仅是科隆市景的重要组成，更有着浪漫的爱情传说——人们相信在桥上挂上锁，钥匙抛下莱茵河，爱情便能天长地久。霍亨索伦桥和它旁边的科隆主火车站是德国和欧洲铁路网最重要的枢纽之一，是一座规模非常壮大的建筑物，是科隆市容和科隆大教堂的景致不可缺少的一部分。

法里纳香水博物馆

一个世界上最古老的香水工厂，展示了香水制造的起源和历史，让你嗅出另一个世界

法里纳公司座落在科隆市中心，距离科隆大教堂步行只要几分钟。从1709年以来，这里生产的香水遍布全球。直到二战以后，法里纳公司才将生产基地搬到科隆南部，但公司总部仍保留在原地，并设立了法里纳香水博物馆。

巧克力博物馆

科隆巧克力博物馆，由德国著名的巧克力制造商施多威克先生投资5300万马克于1993年建成，建筑本身是古老建筑艺术和现代建筑风格的一个成功的结合。每年有约60万游客，展示面积约4000平方米，大约有2000件展品。整个博物馆的展示分为三个主题区和一个特展厅，并配套有丰富的教育活动。接近博物馆，那浓浓的可可味随着莱茵河畔的清风飘过。岸边形似船舰的现代建筑物就是博物馆的所在。

科隆大教堂简介

科隆大教堂是欧洲北部最大的教堂，全名是“查格特 •彼得•玛丽亚大教堂”，它以轻盈、雅致著称于世，是中世纪欧洲哥特式建筑艺术的代表作，也可以说是世界上最完美的哥特式教堂建筑。它与巴黎圣母院大教堂和罗马圣彼得大教堂并称为欧洲三大宗教建筑。科隆大教堂是科隆的骄傲，也是科隆的标志。

整个建造工程前后跨越六个多世纪,它是德国中世纪哥特式宗教建筑艺术的典范。如今的科隆大教堂始建于1248年，1880年竣工,若非19世纪的复古风席卷欧洲,那么这栋哥特式的经典之作恐怕永无完工之日。经过了七个世纪，它先后的建筑者都持有同样的信仰，而且绝对忠诚于原定计划。大教堂工程规模浩大，至今仍保存着成千上万张设计图。其建筑期长达632年，堪称世界之最。教堂四壁窗户总面积达1 万多方米，全装有描绘圣经人物的彩色玻璃，被称为法兰西火焰式，使教堂显得更为庄严。据说，画面如此漂亮，却只有用4种颜色，而且很有讲究：金色——代表人类共有一个天堂，寓意光明和永恒；红色——代表爱；蓝色——代表信仰：绿色——代表希望和未来。在阳光反射下，这些玻璃金光闪烁，绚丽多彩。是教堂的一道独特的风景。

法兰克福

罗马广场

缅因河流经市区，将法兰克福一分为二，古城区的罗马广场就在河的北边；罗马广场旁有个罗马厅，实际上就是旧的市政厅，里面的皇帝殿（Kaisersaal）是许多罗马皇帝进行加冕的地方。罗马广场西侧的三个山形墙的建筑物，可以说是法兰克福的象征。虽然遭遇数百年战火的摧残，但整修后仍保存完好。罗马广场的东侧则有有一排古色古香的半木造市民住宅。罗马广场是法兰克福现代化市容中，仍然保留着中古街道面貌的唯一广场。罗马广场西侧的三个山形墙的建筑物，可以说是法兰克福的象征。1944年，该广场受到英国空军的猛烈空袭，基本被毁，战后重建。它与柏林的巴黎广场、汉堡的市政厅广场，和慕尼黑的玛利亚广场是德国最重要的城市广场。

海德堡

海德堡老城在内卡河南岸傍河而建，为长条形。尽管老城十分现代化，但街道、小巷、和主要建筑都保留了原来的古朴风格。红褐色古城建在巨大的山崖上，最早建于13世纪，历史上经过几次扩建，形成哥特式、巴洛克式及文艺复兴三种风格的混合体，整个城堡有高大的围墙、塔楼、宫殿和英国式的花园，曾经是欧洲最大的城堡之一。在30年战争期间遭到毁坏，如今大部分已经是废墟了。城堡里保存了一个巨大的葡萄酒桶，有8米高9米长可以装22万升酒。城堡里还设有德意志药店博物馆，展示有16－18世纪的药草和制药的器具。

时间原因，只能简单介绍很小的一部分的德国文化，最后，几张德国街景送给大家。谢谢！

第二篇：历史文化

1.我国境内的早期人类 ⑴元谋人

1965年在云南省元谋县，发现了两颗牙齿化石和一些粗糙的石器。经科学鉴定，这是远古人类的遗骨、遗物，年代为距今约170万年，考古学家称他们为元谋人。元谋人是迄今所知中国境内年代最早的直立人。

⑵北京人

1929年北京人头盖骨化石在北京西南周口店龙骨山山洞里被发现，同时出土了大量石制品、骨器和用火遗迹，年代为距今约70万年。

北京人的模样与现代人不完全相同，还保留着猿类的某些特征，但能够用手使用工具劳动，四肢发展很快，并由于劳动和直立行走，促进了头脑的变化。北京人 把石块敲打成粗糙的石器，这种打制的石器称为旧石器。他们还把树枝砍成木棒。石器和木棒是人类最早的劳动工具。能够制造工具，是人和动物的根本区别。北京 人已能使用天然火，用火来烧烤食物、照明、防寒、吓跑野兽等。火的使用，增强了他们征服自然的能力，是人类进化过程中的一大进步。北京人过着群居生活，这 是早期的人类社会。北京人已经学会用简单的语言，表达感情和交流思想。

2.远古文化 ⑴仰韶文化

仰韶文化于1921年在河南省三门峡市渑池县仰韶村被发现，是黄河中游地区重要的新石器时代文化，年代大约在公元前5000年至公元前3000 年。红陶器上常有彩绘的几何形图案或动物形花纹，是仰韶文化的最明显特征，故也称其为彩陶文化。仰韶文化的遗址已有上千处被发现，其中以西安半坡遗址最为典型。半坡遗址有以下特点：

①半坡原始居民主要种植粟，证明了我国是世界上最早种植粟的国家。②半坡原始居民已经会建造房屋，过着定居的生活。③半坡原始居民普遍使用磨制石器，也就是新石器。④半坡原始居民能够制作和使用陶器。⑤半坡遗址反映了黄河流域农耕文化的特点。⑵河姆渡文化 河姆渡氏族遗址发现于浙江省余姚市河姆渡村，它所属的文化也是中国长江下游地区典型的新石器时代文化和氏族公社文化的代表，它的年代大约为公元前5000年至公元前3300年。

特点：(1)河姆渡人已种植水稻，证明了我国是世界上最早栽培水稻的国家。(2)河姆渡人能建筑结构比较复杂的木结构房屋，过着定居生活。(3)河姆渡人已经普遍使用磨制石器，即新石器。

(4)河姆渡人能够制作和使用陶器，在低洼的地方开挖水井。(5)河姆渡遗址反映了长江流域农耕文化的特点。

河姆渡和半坡原始居民都处于母系氏族公社时期。那时候妇女在社会生活中占有重要地位，是生产和生活的组织者，受到尊敬。这一时期，人们过着平等的生活，没有贵贱贫富和阶级的差别。

中国古代朝代顺序歌

夏商与西周，东周分两段，春秋和战国，一统秦两汉，三分魏蜀吴，二晋前后延，南北朝并立，隋唐五代传，宋元明清后，皇朝至此完。

夏、商

【考点1】二里头文化

河南洛阳偃师二里头村遗址距今大约3800～3500年，二里头遗址是夏商时代重要的考古遗址。专家在二里头文化遗址发现了中国迄今最早宫殿建筑基址。二里头文化是探索夏文明的主要对象。

【考点2】殷墟

商朝时期我国古代奴隶制经济和文化得到空前发展，商朝成为当时世界上的大国。我国有文字可考的历史就是从商朝开始的。

商朝前期，因水患和政治**而屡次迁移都城。约公元前1300年，商王盘庚把都城迁到殷(今河南安阳)，商朝从此稳定下来。因此，商朝又叫殷朝。殷都城因年久失修而废圮，称为殷墟。

【考点3】甲骨文

甲骨文具有如下特点：

(1)写在龟甲或兽骨上;(2)清末发现于河南殷墟;(3)记载占卜结果;(4)具备象形、指事、会意、形声、转注、假借“六书”构字规律;(5)说明商朝时期我国中原地区已有相当高的文明，为研究商代历史和古文字留下丰富资料;(6)今天的汉字就是从甲骨文发展而来的。

【考点4】青铜器

商朝的手工业很发达，最重要的是青铜器制造业。具体表现如下：

1.在手工业作坊里，人们把铜、锡、铅放在一起冶炼青铜。熔炉的温度高达1000摄氏度左右。

2.商朝青铜器形式多样，有器皿、武器、工具等。

3.后母戊大方鼎重832.84千克，是现今世界上最大的青铜器。

4.四羊方尊是商朝青铜器的精品之作。【考点1】西周 武王伐纣

商朝末年，商王纣统治残暴，激起人民的纷纷反抗。周武王带领一些小国、部落，向商都进攻，史称“武王伐纣”。

公元前1046年，双方在商都郊外牧野激战，纣王临时凑集的军队倒戈，引导周军进攻商都，纣王自焚而死，商朝灭亡。周武王建立周朝，都城在镐，称镐京，历史上叫做西周。

【考点2】分封制

释义：西周分封诸侯的政治制度。目的：巩固奴隶制国家政权。

内容：周初统治者先后把王族、功臣和先代贵族分封到各地做诸侯，各自建立的国家叫诸侯国。诸侯国要服从周王的命令，向周王贡献财物，要派兵随从周王作战。初期分封的重要诸侯国有齐、鲁、燕、卫、晋、宋等。

作用：牢固地统治了原来商朝的地区，而且不断发展，使周朝成为一个疆域空前广大的奴隶制国家。

【考点3】烽火戏诸侯

释义：西周时周幽王，为褒姒(bāo sì)一笑，点燃了烽火台，戏弄了诸侯。褒姒看了果然哈哈大笑。幽王很高兴，因而又多次点燃烽火。后来诸侯们都不相信了，也就渐渐不来了。后来犬戎攻破镐京，杀死周幽王，后来周幽王的儿子周平王即位，开始了东周时期。评价：烽火戏诸侯只不过是西周灭亡的催化剂，加剧了它的灭亡。就算没有烽火戏诸侯，西周早晚也会在其他事件中灭亡，无法挽回，烽火戏诸侯只是一个机遇而已，只要天子失信的话，诸侯就大有依借失信，自大，争霸。在未烽火戏诸侯之前，各家都只是暗地里扩大而已。当时政权已经摇摇欲坠，烽火戏诸侯只是一个引子，由量变到质变的一个诱因。如果不发生这件事，也还是会有其它诱因的。

【考点1】西周 武王伐纣

商朝末年，商王纣统治残暴，激起人民的纷纷反抗。周武王带领一些小国、部落，向商都进攻，史称“武王伐纣”。

公元前1046年，双方在商都郊外牧野激战，纣王临时凑集的军队倒戈，引导周军进攻商都，纣王自焚而死，商朝灭亡。周武王建立周朝，都城在镐，称镐京，历史上叫做西周。

【考点2】分封制

释义：西周分封诸侯的政治制度。目的：巩固奴隶制国家政权。

内容：周初统治者先后把王族、功臣和先代贵族分封到各地做诸侯，各自建立的国家叫诸侯国。诸侯国要服从周王的命令，向周王贡献财物，要派兵随从周王作战。初期分封的重要诸侯国有齐、鲁、燕、卫、晋、宋等。

作用：牢固地统治了原来商朝的地区，而且不断发展，使周朝成为一个疆域空前广大的奴隶制国家。

【考点3】烽火戏诸侯

释义：西周时周幽王，为褒姒(bāo sì)一笑，点燃了烽火台，戏弄了诸侯。褒姒看了果然哈哈大笑。幽王很高兴，因而又多次点燃烽火。后来诸侯们都不相信了，也就渐渐不来了。后来犬戎攻破镐京，杀死周幽王，后来周幽王的儿子周平王即位，开始了东周时期。

评价：烽火戏诸侯只不过是西周灭亡的催化剂，加剧了它的灭亡。就算没有烽火戏诸侯，西周早晚也会在其他事件中灭亡，无法挽回，烽火戏诸侯只是一个机遇而已，只要天子失信的话，诸侯就大有依借失信，自大，争霸。在未烽火戏诸侯之前，各家都只是暗地里扩大而已。当时政权已经摇摇欲坠，烽火戏诸侯只是一个引子，由量变到质变的一个诱因。如果不发生这件事，也还是会有其它诱因的。

春秋战国 【考点1】春秋五霸

春秋五霸：一种说法是齐桓公、宋襄公、晋文公、秦穆公、楚庄王，另一种说法是齐桓公、晋文公、楚庄王、吴王阖闾、越王勾践。

主要历史事件：

齐桓公称霸：公元前7世纪前期，齐桓公任用管仲为相，改革政治、经济、军事，“通工商之业，便鱼盐之利”，成为东方强国。公元前7世纪中期，齐桓公在葵丘会盟，成为霸主。

晋楚争霸：公元前7世纪后期，晋国经城濮之战大败楚国，大会诸侯，晋文公成为中原霸主。公元前6世纪前期，楚军大败晋军，楚庄王称霸中原。晋楚争霸，持续了一百多年。

吴越战争：春秋晚期，长江流域还有吴越两国的争霸。吴国在江苏南部地区，越国在浙江钱塘江流域。先是越国被吴国打败，吴王称霸。之后，勾践卧薪尝胆，重新强盛起来，打败吴国。

【考点2】战国七雄

战国时期从公元前475年至公元前221年，是我国封建制的确立时期。战国七雄是指齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏、秦七个强盛的诸侯国。

【考点3】商鞅变法

公元前356年，秦孝公任用商鞅为左庶长(相当于偏将军之职，为中级官吏)，开始了第一次变法。主要内容为：

“令民为什伍”，实行连坐法;重农抑商，奖励农耕;奖励军功，按功受爵，贵族无军功不再受爵;“燔诗书而明法令”。

第二次变法内容主要有：

统一秦国的度量衡;废分封制，行县制;“为田开阡陌封疆”，废除井田制，以法律形式确立土地私有制度。

结果：遭到奴隶主贵族的强烈反对，秦孝公死后，商鞅被施以车裂之刑，但新法却保留下来

春秋战国

【考点1】春秋五霸

春秋五霸：一种说法是齐桓公、宋襄公、晋文公、秦穆公、楚庄王，另一种说法是齐桓公、晋文公、楚庄王、吴王阖闾、越王勾践。主要历史事件：

齐桓公称霸：公元前7世纪前期，齐桓公任用管仲为相，改革政治、经济、军事，“通工商之业，便鱼盐之利”，成为东方强国。公元前7世纪中期，齐桓公在葵丘会盟，成为霸主。

晋楚争霸：公元前7世纪后期，晋国经城濮之战大败楚国，大会诸侯，晋文公成为中原霸主。公元前6世纪前期，楚军大败晋军，楚庄王称霸中原。晋楚争霸，持续了一百多年。

吴越战争：春秋晚期，长江流域还有吴越两国的争霸。吴国在江苏南部地区，越国在浙江钱塘江流域。先是越国被吴国打败，吴王称霸。之后，勾践卧薪尝胆，重新强盛起来，打败吴国。

【考点2】战国七雄

战国时期从公元前475年至公元前221年，是我国封建制的确立时期。战国七雄是指齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏、秦七个强盛的诸侯国。

【考点3】商鞅变法

公元前356年，秦孝公任用商鞅为左庶长(相当于偏将军之职，为中级官吏)，开始了第一次变法。主要内容为：

“令民为什伍”，实行连坐法;重农抑商，奖励农耕;奖励军功，按功受爵，贵族无军功不再受爵;“燔诗书而明法令”。

第二次变法内容主要有：

统一秦国的度量衡;废分封制，行县制;“为田开阡陌封疆”，废除井田制，以法律形式确立土地私有制度。

春秋战国 【考点4】都江堰

秦国李冰修建，四川都江堰市岷江。全世界迄今为止，年代最久、唯一留存、以无坝引水为特征的宏大水利工程。世界水利文化的鼻祖。

【考点5】诸子百家

儒家孔子春秋编纂《春秋》，修订“五经”创办私学，有教无类。主张“德治”和“仁政”。孔子“述而不作”，其弟子作《论语》，记叙其言行

孟子战国《孟子》(语录体散文集)性善论，民贵君轻。孟子的政治论，是以仁政为内容的王道，其本质是为封建统治阶级服务的。他把“亲亲”、“长长”的原则运用于政治 荀子战国《荀子》性恶论。天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。朴素唯物主义 道家老子春秋《道德经》“无为而治”“上善若水”“柔弱胜刚强”“祸兮福之所倚，福兮祸之所伏”“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物”

庄子战国《庄子》，又称《南华经》“天人合一”“清静无为”“庖丁解牛”“庄周梦蝶”“鹏程万里”《齐物论》《逍遥游》

墨家墨子战国《墨子》兼爱、非攻、尚贤、节用

杂家吕不韦战国《吕氏春秋》“兼儒墨、合名法”“于百家之道无不贯综”

兵家①孙武春秋《孙子兵法》军事思想。《孙子兵法》：世界上最早最著名的兵书，为春秋末期齐国人孙武

②孙膑战国《孙膑兵法》

1.党一大：1921年，中国共产党第一次全国代表大会在上海举行，大会选举陈独秀、张国焘、李达组成党的领导机构，陈独秀为书记，一大标志着中国共产党的成立，并提出了党的最高纲领要实现共产主义。

2.党二大：1922年，党二大在上海召开，中共二大在历史上的重要贡献是第一次明确提出党的最低纲领，即反帝反封建的民主革命纲领，为中国革命指明了方向。

3.党三大：1923年，党三大在广州举行，大会确定共产党员以个人身份加入国民党，用党内合作的形式实现国共合作，而次年国民党一大的举行，标志着国共第一次合作的正式开始。

4.党七大：1945年，由于从1924年开始，我国就进入了战争模式，从第一次国民革命、到土地革命、到抗日战争、再到解放战争，这期间党的会议召开时间没有规律可循。党七大中刘少奇正式确立毛泽东思想在党中央的重要性，并把毛泽东思想确立为党的指导思想，且写入党章。

5.党八大：1956年，中共八大正确分析了国内形式和主要矛盾的变化，并明

确指出党个全国人民当前的主要任务，就是集中力量把我国尽快地从落后的农业国变为先进的工业国，提出了既反保守又反冒进，在综合平稳中稳步前进的经济建设方针，八大所提的路线是正确的，很多设想都富有创造性，是我国建设社会主义道路的一次成功探索，只不过后来在执行过程中出现了偏差。6.党十一届三中全会：1978年，十一届三中全会抛弃了“以阶级斗争为纲”的错误指导方针，提出要冲破“两个凡是”错误思想的束缚，要解放思想，明确党和国家的工作重点要转移到经济建设上来，并且提出了一系列改革开放的工作方针和政策。

7.党十一届六中全会：1981年，大会审议并通过了《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》，对党的重大历史问题，尤其“文革”及毛泽东的功过是非，毛泽东思想的指导意义等进行了总结和评价，标志着我们拨乱反正工作的完成。

8.党十二大：1982年，从十二大开始，党的会议召开又特别有规律可循，自此每隔5年开一届全国党代会，十二大开幕词中明确提出“建设有中国特色的社会主义”这个命题。

9.党十三大：1987年，十三大明确提出了社会主义初级阶段理论，以及初级阶段总路线，和“三步走”战略。

10.党十四大：1992年，1992年邓小平南方谈话提出了“不管白猫黑猫，抓到老鼠就是好猫”，接下来召开了十四大，明确提出了我国经济体制改革的目标是要建立“社会主义市场经济”。

11.党十五大：1997年，大会中把邓小平理论确立为党的指导思想，并写入党章，邓小平理论回答的首要问题“什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义”。

12.党十六大：2002年，十六大当中把三个代表重要思想确立为党的指导思想，并写入党章，“三个代表”是我们共产党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源。

13.党十七大：2007年，十七大把科学发展观写入党章，并且在2012年十八大当中，把科学发展观确立为党的指导思想。

14.党十八大：中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会(简称中共十八大)于2012年11月8日在北京召开。中央确定，党的十八大代表名额共2270名，由全国40个选举单位选举产生。2012年11月8日9:00在人民大会堂大礼堂举行。大会选举了新一届的中共中央领导层，包括中央委员会委员、中央候补委员、中央纪律检查委员会委员。

秦王朝

【考点1】秦的统一

秦原是周朝的一个诸侯国，嬴姓，相传始祖伯益曾辅助禹治水有功，被帝舜赐了嬴姓。伯益的后人非子曾为周孝王养马，凭着他的本事，马繁殖得很快。周孝王于是把秦谷(今甘肃省天水市西南面)一带分封给他，这就是“秦”的起源了。前770年，秦襄公护送周平王东迁至雒邑有功，被封为诸侯，秦始建国，占领东周王室在关中的领地。后来秦王政于前221年统一并建立大秦帝国。为了加强全国之大一统，秦王政在政治、军事、经济、交通、文化及对外开拓诸方面，采取了一系列新的政策，大大加强了全国之一统，对后世亦产生颇大的影响，不过其事业是在残酷压榨民众的条件下，于短短的十来年内集中完成的，所以秦朝之统治不免带有苛急、暴虐的特点。最后都城咸阳于前207年十月被刘邦攻陷，秦朝灭亡，立国共十五年。

【考点2】中央集权制度的确立

秦王政统一中国后，遂自称“功过三皇，德兼五帝”，创建皇帝尊号，自号为„始皇帝‟，他认为谥号乃是“子论父，臣论君”，大为不妥而废除之，而改用计数方式的世数尊号，自称始皇帝，宣布子孙称二世、三世，以至万世，代代承袭。秦始皇规定皇帝自称朕，命改为制，令改为诏。“皇帝”尊号，“朕”御用自称等皆源自秦朝开始。

秦始皇实行了一系列加强中央集权，巩固国家统一的措施。皇帝拥有至高无上的权力，大臣只有参政议事权，无决策权;中央实行三公九卿制，“三公” 即是丞相、御史大夫、太尉，分掌行政、监察和军事;地方实行郡县制，分天下为三十六郡，统一度量衡、货币、文字;全国修建驿道，秦驰道，兴建水利，筑灵渠;迁万姓充屯边地，谪判罪犯戍守边防;在战国诸国所建长城的基础上修建万里长城，以防匈奴入侵。

【考点3】秦末农民战争

指中国秦朝末年群雄起兵反秦的战争。始于陈胜、吴广领导的大泽乡起义，其后各地向应，原本被秦国所灭的诸侯国纷纷自立。不过各路实力有强有弱，其中属项羽和刘邦领导的两支军力最强。

八年的战争中，中国没有统一的政权，因为战争由秦朝末年开始，战争所处的时代称秦朝末年，即秦末。

隋唐时期：政治变化 【考点1】隋朝的统一

隋朝(581年3月4日—619年5月23日)是中国历史之中，上承南北朝、下启唐朝的一个重要的朝代，史学家常把它和唐朝合称隋唐。581年3月4日，隋文帝杨坚受禅建立隋朝，619年5月23日，隋哀帝禅让王世充，隋朝灭亡，国祚38年。

北周于577年灭北齐，统一华北后国力兴盛，但是北周宣帝奢侈浮华，沉缅酒色，政治****。外戚杨坚乘机将北周重臣外遣，朝政逐渐由他掌握。580年6月8日北周宣帝病死，杨坚扶持年幼的北周静帝宇文阐，以大丞相身份辅政。581年3月4日，北周静帝禅让帝位于杨坚，杨坚登基为帝，即隋文帝，建国隋，北周亡。隋文帝意图南灭南朝陈，采纳高颎的策略：干扰南朝陈的农业生产，破坏陈国的军事储积，使陈国损失惨重，而又疲惫不堪。隋与突厥之战胜利后，587年10月26日隋文帝废西梁后主萧琮，西梁亡。隔年发动隋灭陈之战。589年2月10日，联军进入建康城，俘陈后主。不久，各地陈军或受陈后主号令投降、或抵抗隋军而被消灭，只有岭南地区受冼夫人保境据守。590年9月，隋派使臣韦洸等人安抚岭南，冼夫人率众迎接隋使，岭南诸州悉为隋地。

至此，隋朝结束西晋永嘉之乱以来二百八十余年南北分裂的局面，完成中国的大一统。【考点2】三省六部

三省六部制是中国古代的中央官制。三省指中书省、门下省、尚书省，六部指尚书省下属的吏部、户部、礼部、兵部、刑部、工部。每部各辖四司，共为二十四司。

至隋朝，隋文帝综合汉魏官制创立了三省六部制，主要掌管中央政令和政策的制定、审核与贯彻执行，因避杨忠讳，改中书省为内史省。

唐朝基本上沿用了隋朝的制度，并有所补充和发展，使其中央集权体制更加完善，因避李世民讳，改民部为户部。宋朝承唐制，但三省六部的主要职权都己转移至其他机构，三省六部有名无实。

三省制的特色

1.相权三分：中书省制定法令，门下省审核法令，尚书省执行法令。这样可互相制衡，也能分工合作，从而提高了行政的效率。

2.集思广益：三省长官共同协商政务，既可收集思广益之效，又可增加决策效率。3.职掌分明：三省职权按行政程序划分，一切政令由构思草诏(中书)、审核(门下)至执行(尚书)，都经由三省处理。

4.节制君权：皇帝所颁政令，未经政事堂通过，不能施行;以相权节制君权，可补君主才干之不足。

隋唐时期：政治变化 【考点3】科举制

科举是一种通过考试来选拔官吏的制度。它是古代中国的一项重要政治制度，对中国社会和文化产生了巨大影响，直接催生了不论门第、以考试产生的“士大夫”阶层。邻近中国的亚洲国家如越南、日本和朝鲜也曾引入了这种制度来选拔人才。》》更多、更全行测技巧、考点大全、行测每日一练 尽在中公教育行测频道《《

科举始于605年时的隋朝，发展并成型于唐朝，一直延续到清朝末年，才在1905年被废除;在越南更迟至阮朝末年的1919年才废除，持续了1300多年。现代社会选拔公务员的制度亦是从科举制间接演变而来。

科举制度在中国实行了整整一千三百年，对中国以至东亚、世界都产生了深远的影响。隋唐以后中国的社会结构、政治制度、教育、人文思想，莫不受科举的影响。

【考点4】贞观之治

是指中国唐太宗在位期间的清明政治。由于唐太宗能任人廉能，知人善用;广开言路，虚心纳谏，重用魏徵等诤臣。注重农业发展，免除苛捐杂税;对外，大力平定外患，使得社会安定、边疆稳固。当时年号为“贞观”(627年-649年)，故史称“贞观之治”。

唐太宗在用人方面，知人善任，用人唯贤，不问出身，初期延揽房玄龄、杜如晦，后期任用长孙无忌、杨师道、褚遂良等。他扩大谏官的权力，又鼓励臣下直谏。重视官吏的清廉，曾命房玄龄省并冗员，派李靖等十三名黜陟大使巡察全国，考察吏治。

在经济方面，推行均田制和租庸调制，注意轻徭薄赋，徭役的征发不夺农时;同时太宗崇尚节俭，令免去四方珍贡，从而农业及民生得以不断发展。

总之，在太宗执政的贞观年间(627年-649年)，在君臣的共同努力之下，出现了一个政治清明、经济发展、社会安定、武功兴盛的治世，史称“贞观之治”。

隋唐时期：历史名人与盛世 【考点5】文成公主

松赞干布建立了吐蕃王朝，为加强和唐朝的关系，学习中原地区先进文化，向唐朝遣使，请求通婚。唐贞观十四年(640)，唐太宗将文成公主嫁给松赞干布。这为吐蕃经济文化的发展和汉藏两族的友谊作出了重要贡献。

【考点6】武则天

唐太宗死后，唐高宗李治即位。唐高宗懦弱多病，皇后武则天协助处理朝政，逐步掌权。唐高宗去世几年后，武则天称帝，改国号为周。她是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝。武则天重视发展农业生产，使社会经济继续发展，她注重发展科举制度，重用有才能的人，如姚崇、宋璟等。其统治的弊端是重用武氏家庭、大肆崇佛等。【考点7】开元之治

开元之治是唐玄宗(李隆基)统治前期所出现的盛世。唐玄宗在位44年，前期(开元年间)政治清明，励精图治，任用贤能，经济迅速发展，提倡文教，使得天下大治，唐朝进入全盛时期，并成为当时世界上最强盛的国家，史称“开元盛世”，前后共29年。

第三篇：历史文化

历史文化---国家的“命根”

一个国家的历史与文化,乃这个国家独有的精神遗产，也就是说对于文化作为一个国家的特殊基因，是国家生存和发展的依据，是屹立于世界上的历史凭据。就像著名历史学者邓清珂先生说过那样：“文化不是漂移的浮萍，而是一个国家的根。”

天下兴亡，文化有责，兴之则强，弱之则衰。失去文化，一个国家就会停止心跳。就像现在正处于动荡的叙利亚正是依靠历史文化耶路撒冷得以建国。只要文化尚在，不论这时候的国家发展如何，总有一天没有什么能阻止它再一次重新屹立在世界上。文化能够立国，意义不言而喻。2010年3月5日国务院总理温家宝在十一届全国人大三次会议上作政府工作报告时指出：“国家发展，民族振兴，不仅需要强大的经济力量，更需要强大的文化力量。”文化是一个民族的精神灵魂，是一个民族真正有力量的决定性因素，可以深刻影响到一个国家发展的进程，改变一个民族的命运。文化往往凝聚着一个民族对世界和生命的历史认知和现实感受，负载着整个民族认同的核心价值。

文化是一个国家的精神之魂。国家的军事等硬实力只是骨架，而文化是内涵实力。如果没有它，硬件只是空壳，熬不住时间的长期洗礼。唯有把文化注入骨子里，一个国家才能蓬勃发展，活力无限。文化正是把历史的积淀和现实场景以及未来的希望一并植入国家内心，是国家获得强大的精神动力。

当然，文化也是一个国家的物质基础。在当下，文化和经济的合流，开创了经济发展的新源泉。随着文化产业日益成为国民经济重要支柱，越来越多的国家认识到，文化的竞争，是经济的竞争，是综合国力的较量。

阿富汗博物馆大门有一条著名横幅写道：“只要一个国家的文化和历史活着，这个国家就会活着。”中国也有句古话：“灭人之国必先先去其史。”这两句名言从正反方面说明，只要文化尚在，无论发生多少曲折，不管经历多大“地震”，一座城市可以再造，一个国家可以再生。这个世界上，几乎没有一个国家的人民，会否定，甚至污蔑本民族的历史和文化。很多国家，为了维护自己的历史文化，甚至到了敝帚自珍的变态程度。可以毫不夸张的说，即使百年之前的尿盆马桶，在他们的眼里，也是彰显文明，炫耀历史并值得巡游展览的珍贵文物。更不要说具有民族归属性质的人文理念和哲学思想了，那更是赖以自豪的文化资本。

文化重要性想必不言而喻，那么作为现代的我们，该如何看待文化呢？比如国家的历史文物，古城等等，我们要用心去了解他的历史意义，用心去保护他，让他继续影响后人，让影响力生生不息。除此之外，我们要对传统文化持正确积极的态度，不要说时代变了，文化就不是适用了。孔子学院如今遍布全世界，作为一名中国人，更应该去了解这些文化。

所以，文化不仅决定一个国家的命脉，而且决定一个国家的高度。

第四篇：马云德国演讲稿

马云德国演讲稿

篇一：马云德国演讲 China's Internet tycoon Jack Ma, founder of giant online merchant Alibaba, gave a glimpse of thefuture when he demonstrated a new e-payment system using facial recognition at the CeBIT IT fairin Germany.Criss-crossing the stage in the style of a Silicon Valley pioneer late Sunday, Ma showed off thetechnology that uses facial recognition from a smartphone camera selfie as a digital signature,saying he had just used it to send a gift to the mayor of the event's host city of Hanover.Ma, a former teacher, is known for thinking big, and at this week's CeBIT he was the keynotespeaker, addressing an audience that included German Chancellor Angela Merkel.名人演讲视频：马云德国汉诺威展演讲全程 Like many other companies from the event's official partner country China, Alibaba--flush withcash from a massive stock listing--is looking beyond the borders of its huge domestic market of1.2 billion people, to the world.Ma enthused that, while the industrial revolution freed workers from hard labour, the digital”revolution...liberates the strength of the human brain”.“It's not the technology that can change the world, it's the dreams behind the technology thatchange the world,” the 50-year-old told the audience, adding that his dream was to help smallenterprises sell on a global market.Ma has not hidden his global ambitions and has cited as his models global companies such as Wal-Mart, IBM(NYSE: IBMnews).In January at the World Economic Forum in Davos, he said his target was two billion Alibaba usersworldwide, compared to 334 million “active buyers” in December, and a global version of Taobao,the sales site that cemented his dominance in China.-Global ambitionsnews).“Simply making a name for yourself in a market where the leaders have been established for a longtime is going to be difficult.”It is more likely that Alibaba conquers emerging markets with still nascent online trade whileprudently strengthening its presence in developed countries.” The head of German IT industry group BITKOM, Dieter Kempf, said about Alibaba that “the successis impressive, even if it is in large part because suppliers face a very large, hungry Chinese market”.Asked whether it could become a true global player, he said: ?I think we will have to see.Someonewho can operate successfully in a large domestic market is not necessarily a good exporter...itreally depends on the individual solutions.” The Chinese giant has already launched an online auction site in the US, called 11main, challengedAmazon in the field of cloud computing with a service called Aliyun, and invested $200 million(188million euros)in Snapchat, a photo-sharing application.Bryan Wang, Beijing-based analyst for the consultancy Forrester Research, said it was an earlyattempt by Alibaba to try to “understand digital consumers on a worldwide scale, outside ofChina”.Last September, the Hangzhou-based group raised a massive $25 billion on the New York stockmarket, although the share price has since fallen below the listing price.Founded in 1999, Alibaba has based its success on Taobao--“look for treasure” in Mandarin--andTmall, a gigantic virtual mall that has become so dominant that even Amazon has opened up shopthere.Like Google, Alibaba capitalises on the analysis of user data.It does not charge commission toindividuals but derives its profits from advertising options it offers to improve their visibility.The volume of annual trade carried on its platforms, still mostly within China, exceeds that of eBayand Amazon combined.Alibaba operates its own online payment system Alipay, and has received approval from Beijing toopen a private bank.It also offers a navigation system, an online tour operator, and a musicstreaming service, among other things.“Alibaba is not only an e-commerce platform, it is the largest digital ecosystem in China,” saidWang.“Wherever you are in China, Alibaba actually knows your behaviour.” But Alibaba still faces other challenges--it has been accused of not doing enough to eliminatecounterfeits sold on its platforms.(英文文本 via ChinaDaily)重点解析 Key Phrases/Words 1.tycoon n.企业巨头，大亨 2.Criss-crossing v.方格形(criss-cross的现在分词)，十字形的 3.facial recognition 面孔识别 4.digital signature 数字签名，数位签名 5.enthuse vt.使热情 vi.对…极热心 6.nascent adj.初期的，初生的，开始形成的 7.counterfeits 仿制，造假

篇二：马云在德国汉诺威演讲的英文演讲稿 马云在德国汉诺威演讲的英文演讲稿 Good evening everyone!Dear chancellor Merkel, deputy prime minister Makai, ladies and gentlemen,it’smy great honor to speak in the CeBIT.I remember 14 years ago, when I first came to Hannover, I try torent a small booth to sell the chinese products to the west and to the Europe ,That’sbeen a long time to looking for the booth, and at that time Hannover was not thatprosperious,but the fair was very successful.It's difficult to find the booth , finally, we got a small booth,but very few people found us.Eight years ago, we came back again, We try to help off the boothto move them online , help them to sell on the alibaba , it didn't work, itgoes that time , people think ,the trade fair and online are conflict to each other Today I come back again ,The reason that I come back again, is tryingto find the important missing part of the Internet business, Internet in thepast 20 years, was pretty successful, but one thing that is very strange that Ifound that very few Internet companies can survive peacefully and healthily for more than 3 years.That means most of the Internet companies can only have honeydays, honey weeks, they don’t even have honey months,what is the problem? Whereis the missing part? I strongly believe that the missing part is in Europe.Whatis that ? Whether we like it or not, in the past 20 years, the Internethas larged a hugeimpact to the human lives, everybody believe that Internet has done great things to the work,and also lot of the traditional business hate the Internet, because they destroyed their business.But what the rest is why Internet companies always worry、worry?You see whether Google, facebook, amazon, eBay and alibaba, all of us worry everyday.so We think that there must be a problem ,and the problem is that we haveto find a solution, that how we can be a company can live long and healthylike Mercedes-Benze, Siemens.If any industry can't live more than 3 years, if all the companies can not live happily for 3years, this industry will never become the mainstream, this industry can neverbecome the deep economy, So, what we want to do is that how we can find thesolution.The world is changing so fast, most people don't realize what isIT, what is Internet,we’re moving very very fast today to technology.IT technology and digital technology, is not the technologydifference, is the differences of the way people think, the way people due withthe world.We don't know the world will look like in 30 years, and we don'tknow what the data will look like , But we are sure that the whole world in next30 years will be changed.If the first and the second

innovation

and

technology revolutioeleaf all liberatethe human strength, the physical strength, this revolution release a liberate the strength of human brain, the brain in innovation.The future world, we believe we’ll be connected not by oil, notby other things, but by datas.The future world, the business will be C2B notB2C, C2B is consumer to business not business to consumer.Because we willhave a large amount of data, manufacturer must do customerlized things,otherwise manufacturer will be very difficult In the future , all the manufacturers, they make machine, themachines can not only produce products, the machine must talk, the machine mustthink ,the machine will not be driven by oil and by electricity, the machine isgoing to supported by datas.The future world, the business will no longer focus on the size,business will no longer focus on standardization and power, they will focus on theflexibility, nimbleness(agility), personalized and user friendly.And I also strongly believe the future world, we are going tohave a lot of women leaders ,Because in the future people will not only focuson muscle strength, and they focus on wisdom, they focus on careless andresponsibility.And I think Internet must find the missing part,This missingpart is how the clickerand motors can work together ,and how we can make sure in the next 30years the mouse and cementcan work together ,find a way to make the Internet economy and the real economyto combine , the Internet company mill survive happily for next 30 years.If that income ,that is what we called D-economy,is not just thedigital economy, which I called data economy,and everthing is going to bechanged.And I also believe that the world will become very beautiful,but also very challenging.Apple may not be the future,but Apple tells us what the futurewill look li ke ,that is something in the machine is moving, that is data.We are ata great time of innovation, inspiration, invention and creativity,andI think everyone is working hard, try to realize their dreams.Today you see here ,a real world of workers, truckdrivers and game players,and also all these senior people,everybody in the ancient time, nobody can use technology torealize their dreams ,But today, becauseof datas ,everything becomestrue.But I strongly believe , it’s not the technology changed theworld, it’s the dreams behind the technology that changed the world.If the technologychanged the world, I'll never be here, I’m not betrained to be a science andtechnology experts, I know nothing about computer, and I know very little aboutthe Internet, But I have a strong dream that we want to help small business.So,14 years ago so we come here to sell Chinese products toEurope, that didn’t work.14 years later , we try to help the European small businessto China ,to the world by using the Internet,It’s the dreams that drives theworld , it’s not only the technology.So Ladies and gentlemen, let's work hard together, it is a fantasticworld,it is a world belongs to young people, it is a world belongs to the future.And thank you very very much for listening!评论(2)| 10 1 2015-03-29 17:18 | 一级 Good evening everyone!Dear chancellor Merkel, deputy prime minister Makai, ladies and gentlemen,it’smy great honor to speak in the CeBIT.I remember 14 years ago, when I first came to Hannover, I try torent a small booth to sell the chinese products to the west and to the Europe ,That’sbeen a long time to looking for the booth, and at that time Hannover was not thatprosperious,but the fair was very successful.It's difficult to find the booth , finally, we got a small booth,but very few people found us.Eight years ago, we came back again, We try to help off the boothto move them online , help them to sell on the alibaba , it didn't work, itgoes that time , people think ,the trade fair and online are conflict to each other Today I come back again ,The reason that I come back again, is tryingto find the important missing part of the Internet business, Internet in thepast 20 years, was pretty successful, but one thing that is very strange t hat Ifound that very few Internet companies can survive peacefully and healthily for more than 3 years.That means most of the Internet companies can only have honeydays, honey weeks, they don’t even have honey months,what is the problem? Whereis the missing part? I strongly believe that the missing part is in Europe.Whatis that ? Whether we like it or not, in the past 20 years, the Internethas larged a hugeimpact to the human lives, everybody believe that Internet has done great things to the work,and also lot of the traditional business hate the Internet, because they destroyed their business.But what the rest is why Internet companies always worry、worry?You see whether Google, facebook, amazon, eBay and alibaba, all of us worry everyday.so We think that there must be a problem ,and the problem is that we haveto find a solution, that how we can be a company can live long and healthylike Mercedes-Benze, Siemens.If any industry can't live more than 3 years, if all the companies can not live happily for 3years, this industry will never become the mainstream, this industry can neverbecome the deep economy, So, what we want to do is that how we can find thesolution.The world is changing so fast, most people don't realize what isIT, what is Internet,we’re moving very very fast today to technology.IT technology and digital technology, is not the technologydifference, is the differences of the way people think, the way people due withthe world.We don't know the world will look like in 30 years, and we don'tknow what the data will look like , But we are sure that the whole world in next30 years will be changed.If the first and the second innovation and technology revolutioeleaf all liberatethe human strength, the physical strength, this revolution release a liberate the strength of human brain, the brain in innovation.The future world, we believe we’ll be connected not by oil, notby other things, but by datas.The future world, the business will be C2B notB2C, C2B is consumer to business not business to consumer.Because we willhave a large amount of data, manufacturer must do customerlized things,otherwise manufacturer will be very difficult In the future , all the manufacturers, they make machine, themachines can not only produce products, the machine must talk, the machine mustthink ,the machine will not be driven by oil and by electricity, the machin e isgoing to supported by datas.The future world, the business will no longer focus on the size,business will no longer focus on standardization and power, they will focus on theflexibility，nimbleness(agility), personalized and user friendly.And I also strongly believe the future world, we are going tohave a lot of women leaders ,Because in the future people will not only focuson muscle strength, and they focus on wisdom, they focus on careless andresponsibility.And I think Internet must find the missing part,This missingpart is how the clickerand motors can work together ,and how we can make sure in the next 30years the mouse and cementcan work together ,find a way to make the Internet economy and the real economyto combine , the Internet company mill survive happily for next 30 years.If that income ,that is what we called D-economy,is not just thedigital economy, which I called data economy,and everthing is going to bechanged.And I also believe that the world will become very beautiful,but also very challenging.Apple may not be the future,but Apple tells us what the futurewill look like ,that is something in the machine is moving, that is data.We are ata great time of innovation, inspiration, invention and creativity,andI think everyone is working hard, try to realize their dreams.Today you see here ,a real world of workers, truckdrivers and game players,and also all these senior people,everybody in the ancient time, nobody can use technology torealize their dreams ,But today, becauseof datas ,everything becomestrue.But I strongly believe , it’s not the technology changed theworld, it’s the dreams behind the technology that changed the world.If the technologychanged the world, I'll never be here, I’m not betrained to be a science andtechnology experts, I know nothing about computer, and I know very little aboutthe Internet, But I have a strong dream that we want to help small business.So,14 years ago so we come here to sell Chinese products toEurope, that didn’t work.14 years later , we try to help the European small businessto China ,to the world by using the Internet,It’s the dreams that drives theworld , it’s not only the technology.So Ladies and gentlemen, let's work hard together, it is a fantasticworld,it is a world belongs to young people, it is a world belongs to the future.篇三：马云德国演讲 Good evening everyone!Dear Chancellor Merkel, deputy prime minister Makai, ladies and gentlemen,it’smy great honor to speak in the CeBIT.I remember 14 years ago, when I first came to Hannover, I try to rent a small booth to sell the Chinese products to the west and to the Europe ,That’s been a long time to looking for the booth, and at that time Hannover was not that prosperous, but the fair was very successful.It's difficult to find the booth , finally, we got a small booth, but very few people found us.Eight years ago, we came back again, We try to help off the booth to move them online , help them to sell on the alibaba , it didn't work, because at that time , people think ,the trade affair online are conflict to each other Today I come back again ,The reason that I come back again, is trying to find the important missing part of the Internet business, Internet in the past 20 years, was pretty successful, but one thing that is very strange that I found that very few Internet companies can survive peacefully and healthily for more than 3 years.That means most of the Internet companies can only have honey days, honey weeks, they don’t even have honey months, what is the problem? Where is the missing part? I strongly believe that the missing part is in Europe.What is that ? Whether we like it or not, in the past 20 years, the Internet has launched a huge impact to the human lives, everybody believe that Internet has done great things to the work, and also lot of the traditional business hate the Internet, because they destroyed their business.But what the rest is why Internet companies always worry、worry? You see whether Google, facebook, amazon, eBay and alibaba, all of us worry everyday.so We think that there must be a problem ,and the problem is that we have to find a solution, that how we can be a company can live long and healthy like Mercedes-Benze, Siemens.If any industry can't live more than 3 years, if all the companies can not live happily for 3years, this industry will never become the mainstream, this industry can never become the deep economy, So, what we want to do is that how we can find the solution.The world is changing so fast, most people don't realize what is IT, what is Internet, we’re moving very very fast today to technology.IT technology and digital technology, is not the technology difference, is the differences of the way people think, the way people due with the world.We don't know the world will look like in 30 years, and we don't know what the data will look like , But we are sure that the whole world in next30 years will be changed.If the first and the second innovation and technology revolution releaf all liberate the human strength, the physical strength, this revolution release a liberate the strength of human brain, the brain in innovation.The future world, we believe we’ll be connected not by oil, not by other things, but by datas.The future world, the business will be C2B notB2C, C2B is consumer to business not business to consumer.Because we will have a large amount of data, manufacturer must do customerlized things, otherwise manufacturer will be very difficult In the future , all the manufacturers, they make machine, the machines can not only produce products, the machine must talk, the machine must think ,the machine will not be driven by oil and by electricity, the machine is going to supported by datas.The future world, the business will no longer focus on the size, business will no longer focus on standardization and power, they will focus on the flexibility, nimbleness(agility), personalized and user friendly.And I also strongly believe the future world, we are going to have a lot of women leaders ,Because in the future people will not only focus on muscle strength, and they focus on wisdom, they focus on careless and responsibility.And I think Internet must find the missing part, This missing part is how the clicker and motors can work together ,and how we can make sure in the next 30years the mouse and cement can work together ,find a way to make the Internet economy and the real economy to combine , the Internet company mill survive happily for next 30 years.If that income ,that is what we called D-economy, is not just the digital economy, which I called data economy, and every thing is going to be changed.And I also believe that the world will become very beautiful, but also very challenging.Apple may not be the future, but Apple tells us what the future will look like ,that is something in the machine is moving, that is data.We are at a great time of innovation, inspiration, invention and creativity, and I think everyone is working hard, try to realize their dreams.Today you see here ,a real world of workers, truck drivers and game players, and also all these senior people, everybody in the ancient time, nobody can use technology to realize their dreams ,But today, because of datas ,everything becomes true.But I strongly believe , it’s not the technology changed the world, it’s the dreams behind the technology that changed the world.If the technology changed the world, I'll never be here, I’m not be trained to be a science and technology experts, I know nothing about computer, and I know very little about the Internet, But I have a strong dream that we want to help small business.So,14 years ago so we come here to sell Chinese products to Europe, that didn’t work.14 years later , we try to help the European small business to China ,to the world by using the Internet, It’s the dreams that drives the world , it’s not only the technology.So Ladies and gentlemen, let's work hard together, it is a fantastic world, it is a world belongs to young people, it is a world belongs to the future.And thank you very much for listening!

第五篇：奥巴马德国演讲稿

BARACK OBAMA BERLIN SPEECH: 'A WORLD THAT STANDS AS ONE' THURS JULY 24 2008 12:58:02

Thank you to the citizens of Berlin and to the people of Germany.Let me thank Chancellor Merkel and Foreign Minister Steinmeier for welcoming me earlier today.Thank you Mayor Wowereit, the Berlin Senate, the police, and most of all thank you for this welcome.I come to Berlin as so many of my countrymen have come before.Tonight, I speak to you not as a candidate for President, but as a citizen--a proud citizen of the United States, and a fellow citizen of the world.I know that I don't look like the Americans who've previously spoken in this great city.The journey that led me here is improbable.My mother was born in the heartland of America, but my father grew up herding goats in Kenya.His father--my grandfather--was a cook, a domestic servant to the British.At the height of the Cold War, my father decided, like so many others in the forgotten corners of the world, that his yearning--his dream--required the freedom and opportunity promised by the West.And so he wrote letter after letter to universities all across America until somebody, somewhere answered his prayer for a better life.That is why I'm here.And you are here because you too know that yearning.This city, of all cities, knows the dream of freedom.And you know that the only reason we stand here tonight is because men and women from both of our nations came together to work, and struggle, and sacrifice for that better life.Ours is a partnership that truly began sixty years ago this summer, on the day when the first American plane touched down at Templehof.On that day, much of this continent still lay in ruin.Ê The rubble of this city had yet to be built into a wall.The Soviet shadow had swept across Eastern Europe, while in the West, America, Britain, and France took stock of their losses, and pondered how the world might be remade.This is where the two sides met.Ê And on the twenty-fourth of June, 1948, the Communists chose to blockade the western part of the city.They cut off food and supplies to more than two million Germans in an effort to extinguish the last flame of freedom in Berlin.The size of our forces was no match for the much larger Soviet Army.And yet retreat would have allowed Communism to march across Europe.Where the last war had ended, another World War could have easily begun.All that stood in the way was Berlin.Ê And that's when the airlift began--when the largest and most unlikely rescue in history brought food and hope to the people of this city.The odds were stacked against success.In the winter, a heavy fog filled the sky above, and many planes were forced to turn back without dropping off the needed supplies.The streets where we stand were filled with hungry families who had no comfort from the cold.Ê But in the darkest hours, the people of Berlin kept the flame of hope burning.The people of Berlin refused to give up.And on one fall day, hundreds of thousands of Berliners came here, to the Tiergarten, and heard the city's mayor implore the world not to give up on freedom.“There is only one possibility,” he said.“For us to stand together united until this battle is wonÉThe people of Berlin have spoken.We have done our duty, and we will keep on doing our duty.People of the world: now do your dutyÉPeople of the world, look at Berlin!” People of the world--look at Berlin!Look at Berlin, where Germans and Americans learned to work together and trust each other less than three years after facing each other on the field of battle.Look at Berlin, where the determination of a people met the generosity of the Marshall Plan and created a German miracle;where a victory over tyranny gave rise to NATO, the greatest alliance ever formed to defend our common security.Ê Look at Berlin, where the bullet holes in the buildings and the somber stones and pillars near the Brandenburg Gate insist that we never forget our common humanity.Ê People of the world--look at Berlin, where a wall came down, a continent came together, and history proved that there is no challenge too great for a world that stands as one.ÊÊ Sixty years after the airlift, we are called upon again.History has led us to a new crossroad, with new promise and new peril.When you, the German people, tore down that wall--a wall that divided East and West;freedom and tyranny;fear and hope--walls came tumbling down around the world.From Kiev to Cape Town, prison camps were closed, and the doors of democracy were opened.Markets opened too, and the spread of information and technology reduced barriers to opportunity and prosperity.While the 20th century taught us that we share a common destiny, the 21st has revealed a world more intertwined than at any time in human history.The fall of the Berlin Wall brought new hope.But that very closeness has given rise to new dangers--dangers that cannot be contained within the borders of a country or by the distance of an ocean.ÊÊ The terrorists of September 11th plotted in Hamburg and trained in Kandahar and Karachi before killing thousands from all over the globe on American soil.Ê As we speak, cars in Boston and factories in Beijing are melting the ice caps in the Arctic, shrinking coastlines in the Atlantic, and bringing drought to farms from Kansas to Kenya.Poorly secured nuclear material in the former Soviet Union, or secrets from a scientist in Pakistan could help build a bomb that detonates in Paris.The poppies in Afghanistan become the heroin in Berlin.The poverty and violence in Somalia breeds the terror of tomorrow.The genocide in Darfur shames the conscience of us all.In this new world, such dangerous currents have swept along faster than our efforts to contain them.That is why we cannot afford to be divided.No one nation, no matter how large or powerful, can defeat such challenges alone.None of us can deny these threats, or escape responsibility in meeting them.Yet, in the absence of Soviet tanks and a terrible wall, it has become easy to forget this truth.And if we're honest with each other, we know that sometimes, on both sides of the Atlantic, we have drifted apart, and forgotten our shared destiny.In Europe, the view that America is part of what has gone wrong in our world, rather than a force to help make it right, has become all too common.In America, there are voices that deride and deny the importance of Europe's role in our security and our future.Both views miss the truth--that Europeans today are bearing new burdens and taking more responsibility in critical parts of the world;and that just as American bases built in the last century still help to defend the security of this continent, so does our country still sacrifice greatly for freedom around the globe.Yes, there have been differences between America and Europe.No doubt, there will be differences in the future.But the burdens of global citizenship continue to bind us together.A change of leadership in Washington will not lift this burden.In this new century, Americans and Europeans alike will be required to do more--not less.Partnership and cooperation among nations is not a choice;it is the one way, the only way, to protect our common security and advance our common humanity.Ê That is why the greatest danger of all is to allow new walls to divide us from one another.The walls between old allies on either side of the Atlantic cannot stand.The walls between the countries with the most and those with the least cannot stand.The walls between races and tribes;natives and immigrants;Christian and Muslim and Jew cannot stand.These now are the walls we must tear down.Ê We know they have fallen before.After centuries of strife, the people of Europe have formed a Union of promise and prosperity.Here, at the base of a column built to mark victory in war, we meet in the center of a Europe at peace.Not only have walls come down in Berlin, but they have come down in Belfast, where Protestant and Catholic found a way to live together;in the Balkans, where our Atlantic alliance ended wars and brought savage war criminals to justice;and in South Africa, where the struggle of a courageous people defeated apartheid.Ê So history reminds us that walls can be torn down.But the task is never easy.True partnership and true progress requires constant work and sustained sacrifice.They require sharing the burdens of development and diplomacy;of progress and peace.They require allies who will listen to each other, learn from each other and, most of all, trust each other.Ê That is why America cannot turn inward.That is why Europe cannot turn inward.America has no better partner than Europe.Now is the time to build new bridges across the globe as strong as the one that bound us across the Atlantic.Now is the time to join together, through constant cooperation, strong institutions, shared sacrifice, and a global commitment to progress, to meet the challenges of the 21st century.It was this spirit that led airlift planes to appear in the sky above our heads, and people to assemble where we stand today.And this is the moment when our nations--and all nations--must summon that spirit anew.This is the moment when we must defeat terror and dry up the well of extremism that supports it.This threat is real and we cannot shrink from our responsibility to combat it.If we could create NATO to face down the Soviet Union, we can join in a new and global partnership to dismantle the networks that have struck in Madrid and Amman;in London and Bali;in Washington and New York.If we could win a battle of ideas against the communists, we can stand with the vast majority of Muslims who reject the extremism that leads to hate instead of hope.This is the moment when we must renew our resolve to rout the terrorists who threaten our security in Afghanistan, and the traffickers who sell drugs on your streets.No one welcomes war.I recognize the enormous difficulties in Afghanistan.But my country and yours have a stake in seeing that NATO's first mission beyond Europe's borders is a success.For the people of Afghanistan, and for our shared security, the work must be done.America cannot do this alone.The Afghan people need our troops and your troops;our support and your support to defeat the Taliban and al Qaeda, to develop their economy, and to help them rebuild their nation.We have too much at stake to turn back now.This is the moment when we must renew the goal of a world without nuclear weapons.The two superpowers that faced each other across the wall of this city came too close too often to destroying all we have built and all that we love.With that wall gone, we need not stand idly by and watch the further spread of the deadly atom.It is time to secure all loose nuclear materials;to stop the spread of nuclear weapons;and to reduce the arsenals from another era.This is the moment to begin the work of seeking the peace of a world without nuclear weapons.This is the moment when every nation in Europe must have the chance to choose its own tomorrow free from the shadows of yesterday.In this century, we need a strong European Union that deepens the security and prosperity of this continent, while extending a hand abroad.In this century--in this city of all cities--we must reject the Cold War mind-set of the past, and resolve to work with Russia when we can, to stand up for our values when we must, and to seek a partnership that extends across this entire continent.This is the moment when we must build on the wealth that open markets have created, and share its benefits more equitably.Trade has been a cornerstone of our growth and global development.But we will not be able to sustain this growth if it favors the few, and not the many.Together, we must forge trade that truly rewards the work that creates wealth, with meaningful protections for our people and our planet.This is the moment for trade that is free and fair for all.This is the moment we must help answer the call for a new dawn in the Middle East.My country must stand with yours and with Europe in sending a direct message to Iran that it must abandon its nuclear ambitions.We must support the Lebanese who have marched and bled for democracy, and the Israelis and Palestinians who seek a secure and lasting peace.And despite past differences, this is the moment when the world should support the millions of Iraqis who seek to rebuild their lives, even as we pass responsibility to the Iraqi government and finally bring this war to a close.This is the moment when we must come together to save this planet.Let us resolve that we will not leave our children a world where the oceans rise and famine spreads and terrible storms devastate our lands.Let us resolve that all nations--including my own--will act with the same seriousness of purpose as has your nation, and reduce the carbon we send into our atmosphere.This is the moment to give our children back their future.This is the moment to stand as one.And this is the moment when we must give hope to those left behind in a globalized world.We must remember that the Cold War born in this city was not a battle for land or treasure.Sixty years ago, the planes that flew over Berlin did not drop bombs;instead they delivered food, and coal, and candy to grateful children.And in that show of solidarity, those pilots won more than a military victory.They won hearts and minds;love and loyalty and trust--not just from the people in this city, but from all those who heard the story of what they did here.Now the world will watch and remember what we do here--what we do with this moment.Will we extend our hand to the people in the forgotten corners of this world who yearn for lives marked by dignity and opportunity;by security and justice? Will we lift the child in Bangladesh from poverty, shelter the refugee in Chad, and banish the scourge of AIDS in our time? Will we stand for the human rights of the dissident in Burma, the blogger in Iran, or the voter in Zimbabwe? Will we give meaning to the words “never again” in Darfur?Ê Will we acknowledge that there is no more powerful example than the one each of our nations projects to the world? Will we reject torture and stand for the rule of law? Will we welcome immigrants from different lands, and shun discrimination against those who don't look like us or worship like we do, and keep the promise of equality and opportunity for all of our people? People of Berlin--people of the world--this is our moment.This is our time.Ê

I know my country has not perfected itself.At times, we've struggled to keep the promise of liberty and equality for all of our people.We've made our share of mistakes, and there are times when our actions around the world have not lived up to our best intentions.But I also know how much I love America.I know that for more than two centuries, we have strived--at great cost and great sacrifice--to form a more perfect union;to seek, with other nations, a more hopeful world.Our allegiance has never been to any particular tribe or kingdom--indeed, every language is spoken in our country;every culture has left its imprint on ours;every point of view is expressed in our public squares.What has always united us--what has always driven our people;what drew my father to America's shores--is a set of ideals that speak to aspirations shared by all people: that we can live free from fear and free from want;that we can speak our minds and assemble with whomever we choose and worship as we please.Those are the aspirations that joined the fates of all nations in this city.Those aspirations are bigger than anything that drives us apart.It is because of those aspirations that the airlift began.It is because of those aspirations that all free people--everywhere--became citizens of Berlin.It is in pursuit of those aspirations that a new generation--our generation--must make our mark on history.People of Berlin--and people of the world--the scale of our challenge is great.The road ahead will be long.But I come before you to say that we are heirs to a struggle for freedom.We are a people of improbable hope.Let us build on our common history, and seize our common destiny, and once again engage in that noble struggle to bring justice and peace to our world.奥巴马柏林演讲全文 奥巴马演讲全文 奥巴马柏林演讲

感谢柏林市民和德国人民。感谢默克尔总理和外长施泰因迈尔今天早些时候对我的欢迎。感谢市长沃维莱特、柏林参议院和柏林警察，感谢你们给我热情的欢迎。

我来柏林之前，已有很多我的同胞来过。今晚，我在这里发言，并不是作为总统候选人，而是作为一名值得骄傲的美国公民和一名世界公民的身份。

我知道我并不像以前在这个伟大的城市曾经演讲过的美国人一样。引导我到达这里的征途是神奇的。我的母亲出生在美国的中心，但我父亲在肯尼亚长大，从小放牧山羊。他的父亲——我的祖父是一名英国人的厨师。

在冷战高峰的时期，我父亲决定，和其他许多被遗忘在世界各个角落的人们一样，他渴望和梦想着西方承诺给予世人的自由和机会。所以他给全美各地所有大学写信，直到在某地的一个人给了他答复：祈祷一个更美好的生活。

这就是我在这里的原因。和你们也知道这种向往而在这里一样。这座城市连同它所有的市民，也都深知自由的梦想。你也知道今晚我们站在在这里唯一原因，那就是因为从我们各自的国家走到一起来的男人和女人，都为了更美好的生活工作、奋斗和牺牲。

真正开始我们的伙伴关系是在六十年前的一个夏天，当时美国第一架飞机降落在这里。那一天，这里的大部分地区仍是废墟。城市中的瓦砾还没有被建成柏林墙。而苏联已席卷东欧，在西方，美国、英国、法国评估了他们的损失，并思考如何在世界上开展重建工作。

就是在这里双方开始了会晤。1948年6月，苏联选择封锁柏林西部。超过两百万德国人的食物和日用品供应被切断。

过去的战争已经结束，而另一场世界大战，很容易的被点燃了。能阻挡这个的就是柏林。

那是当空运开始——历史上最大和最不可能拯救给这个城市的人民带来了的食物和希望。然而可怕的几率阻碍了我们的成功。在冬季，大雾弥漫在城市上空，许多飞机被迫返航并无法投掷食品和日用品。在我们站立的街道上，充满了饥饿的家庭，他们不曾在冷战中舒适过。

但即使在这最黑暗的时刻，柏林全体市民希望的火焰依旧熊熊燃烧。柏林人民拒绝放弃。在一个秋天里，数以十万计的柏林人来到这里，聆听他们的市长蒂尔加腾，向世界恳请不要放弃自由的演讲。他说，“世界上只有一种可能性”，“我们团结一致站在一起直到胜利，柏林人民已经向世界宣誓过，我们尽了我们应尽的职责，而且我们将继续我们的职责责任。世界人民的：履行职责…世界人民，注视着柏林吧！”

世界人民 请注视柏林！

注视柏林，在这里，两个国家经历了三年的战争，德国人与美国人才认识到应该携手合作、相互信任。

注视柏林，在这里，满怀决心的人们看到了慷慨的马歇尔计划，并创造了德国的奇迹。注视柏林，在这里，建筑物上密布的弹孔和勃兰登堡门附近的支柱提醒我们，永远不要忘记我们共有的人性。

世界人民，注视柏林，这这里，柏林墙到了，大陆走到一起，历史证明，没有比这更大的挑战了。

在空运之后六十年，我们再次呼吁。历史已经将我们引领到一个新的十字路口、新的承诺和新的危险。当您，德国人，拆除这堵墙；恐惧和希望——全世界的“柏林墙”都倒塌了。民主门窗被打开，市场也开放了，信息和技术的传播减少了贸易壁垒创造着机会和繁荣。20世纪告诉我们，我们有着共同的命运，21 世纪昭示我们，世界将变得比人类历史上过去的任何时代更加密不可分。这就是为什么美国不能改变方向的原因。这就是为什么欧洲不能改变方向的原因。除了欧洲，美国恐怕没有更好的合作伙伴。现在是我们横渡大西洋、建立新的桥梁，让我们成为强大的整体的伟大时刻。现在是我们联合起来、不断合作、共同牺牲，促进全球的进展，迎接二十一世纪挑战的伟大时刻。这是承载这一精神，才有了今天飞机横穿上空，我们的领袖和人民站在这里。这是我们的国家和所有国家必须重新召唤这种精神的时刻。

这是我们必须战胜恐怖和消灭极端主义的时候了。这一威胁是真实的，我们应该毫不犹疑，我们的责任就是要消灭它。我们可以建立一个新的全球伙伴关系，以拆除已建立在马德里和安曼、在伦敦和巴厘、华盛顿和纽约的恐怖网络。我们可以拒绝导致仇恨的极端主义。

这是我们必须重申我们的决心的时候了，我们要击溃威胁我们在阿富汗安全的恐怖分子。没有人欢迎战争。我承认在阿富汗我们面临着巨大的困难。但我的国家和你们有着惺惺相惜的关系。为了阿富汗人民和我们共同的安全，这项工作我们义不容辞。但美国孤军奋战是不能成功的。阿富汗人民需要我们的部队和你们的部队、我们的支持和你们的支持，来打败塔利班和基地组织，发展他们的经济，并帮助他们重建家园。现在我们有太多的困难要去克服。

这是我们必须重申的目标——一个没有核武器的世界——的时候了。两个超级大国，面对这面墙，却是要摧毁我们已建设的和我们所爱的。这堵墙消失后，我们不能袖手旁观和默默观赏致命核子的进一步传播。这是我们确保核材料的流失是安全的和防止核武器扩散并减少库存的时候了。这是我们开始工作并寻求一个没有核武器的和平世界的时刻了。

这是欧洲每一个国家有机会选择从昨天的阴影中释放出来的时候了。在这个世纪，我们需要一个强大的欧洲联盟，深化安全和富强欧洲。在这个世纪，在这个城市的所有市民，我们必须摒弃冷战思维，并决心与俄罗斯合作，我们可以为我们的价值观而战斗，我们必须寻求合作伙伴关系将我们的利益扩展到整个大陆。

这是我们必须建立财富、开放市场、创造和分享更公平的利益的时候了。贸易一直是我们增长和全球发展的一块基石。但如果它有利于少数而不是多数，我们将不维持这样的增长。所以，我们必须开拓贸易、创造财富、保护我们的人民和我们的星球。这是享受自由和公正贸易的时刻。

这是我们必须帮助中东呼唤新的曙光的时候了。我国必须与欧洲站在一起，给伊朗发出一个明确和直接信号：它必须放弃自己的核野心。支持以色列人和巴勒斯坦人寻求一个持久和安全的和平。尽管过去我们存在分歧，但此时，世界各国应支持伊拉克人民重建他们的家园，而且我们有责任通过和伊拉克政府合作，最终结束这场战争。

这是我们必须走到一起拯救我们的星球的时候了。让我们下定决心，我们不会离开我们的孩子，上升的海平面、蔓延的饥荒和可怕的风暴蹂躏我们的土地。包括所有国家，包括我自己，用我们的行动战胜苦难，正如贵国所作的，减少排放到空气中的碳。这是给予我们的孩子他们自己的未来的时候了。

这是在一个全球化的世界里我们必须给予我们的后代以希望的时候了。我们必须紧记，冷战时期诞生的这个城市并不是一个争夺土地或财富的战场。60 年前，飞机飞越柏林没有投掷食物，但是他们运送食物、煤和糖果。在这团结方面的表现，我们这些飞行员赢得了比战场上更大的胜利和荣耀。他们赢得了人心、爱、忠诚和信任——不只是来自这个城市人民，也来自所有听到这个故事的所有人们。

现在世界将审视并铭记我们在这里所做的——这一刻我们做的。我们将向被遗忘在角落里的人民伸出我们的手，这个世界上谁不向往为标志着尊严和机会的生活、向往着安全和正义呢？我们会把孟加拉国的儿童、乍得的难民从贫困中解救出来吗？

我们将拒绝酷刑和为法治而战吗？我们将欢迎从不同的土地而来的移民、不歧视他们和信守对我们所有人的平等和机会的承诺吗？

柏林人民；世界人民；这是我们的时刻。

这是我们的时代。

我知道我的国家并不是很完善。有时，我们为我们所有的人民而信守承诺的自由和平等而奋斗。我们也犯了很多错误，有时我们在世界各地的行动没有实现我们最好的意图。但我也知道我是多么热爱美国。我知道，两个多世纪以来，我们已付出巨大的代价和巨大的牺牲，形成一个更加完善的联盟；寻求与其他国家，建设一个更有希望的世界。我们的忠诚从来没有根植在任何特定的部落或国家，事实上，在我们的国家，每一种语言都可以被讲，每一种文化都已脱离我们的印记；每一种观点都可以在我们的广场被宣扬。这正是团结我们、驱使我们、促使我的父亲到达美国的信念，一套理想的信念——所有的人共享：我们可以生活在免于恐惧、免于自由匮乏的国度；我们可以选择和崇拜，因为我们愿意。

这些都是在这个城市所有国民愿望加入其中的愿望。这些愿望是比任何驱动都要强大的。这是所有自由的人诉求成为柏林公民的愿望。这是我们新的一代-我们这一代人的追求：一定要成功。

柏林人民和世界人民，我们的挑战是巨大的。前进的道路将是漫长的。但我来这里是要说我们要继承为自由而斗争。放眼未来，答案在我们的心中，让我们铭记这段历史，回应我们的命运，重塑世界。