2007-11-1191429---浅谈大学英语写作课

第一篇：2007-11-1191429---浅谈大学英语写作课

浅谈大学英语写作课教学中教学策略与学习策略

摘要：英语作为世界通用语,在社会交际中显得越来越重要,并得到了社会的广泛重视。但许多学生经过多年的英语学习,英语写作能力仍然很低,写不出像样的英语作文。这种接受能力与产出能力之间发展的不平衡，已经引起了许多专家和学者的注意，本文拟就如何在大学英语写作课教学中提高学生的写作水平作了一些探讨，并提出了一些教学策略和学习策略。

关键词：大学英语写作课教学策略学习策略

在当今时代,随着国际交往的日益频繁,经济全球化方兴未艾。英语作为世界通用语,在社会交际中显得越来越重要,并得到了社会的广泛重视。大学英语教学大纲指出：大学英语教学的目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力、一定的听的能力以及初步的写和说的能力。新大纲的公布首次对大学英语教学各阶段读、听、写、说等语言交际教学做出定性、定量的规定。而在学习英语的五项基本技能——听、说、读、写、译中,英语写作是许多大学生面临的难题,许多学生经过多年的英语学习,英语写作能力仍然很低,写不出像样的英语作文,在四级考试中也很难达到大纲要求。学生“高分低能”倾向比较严重，写作的平均成绩比选择题的低。这种接受能力与产出能力之间发展的不平衡，已经引起了许多专家和学者的注意，本文拟就如何在大学英语写作课教学中提高学生的写作水平作了一些探讨，并提出了一些教学策略和学习策略。

一、大学生英语写作的现状

1、思维问题

汉、英思维模式的差异对大学生英语写作的会产生很大的影响。思维是人类语言行为的特征。不同民族存在着共同的思维,但由于所处的地理位置不同,文化传统不同,说英语的民族和说汉语的民族在思维方式上存在着很大的差别。汉语民族思维模式是曲线式的、间接的,更注重综合型思维,注重整体和谐、从多归一,注重人际关系；英语民族的思维模式是直线式的、直接的,更注重分析性思维,崇尚天人对立、征服自然,注重人与物的关系。中国学生用英语写作时大多欠缺这方面的考虑,结果在英语写作中,学生由于受汉语写作惯性思维的影响,很容易在内容挖掘方面进行汉语思维,而不严格地按英语格式用事实论证的方法。因而写出中式英语作文。

2、词汇问题

按照《大学英语教学大纲》(修订本)的要求,学生参加四级考试的词汇量在3600-4200之间,其中积极词汇量在2300左右。但许多学生却达不到《大纲》的要求,他们在写英语作文时往往由于词汇量有限而使作文显得过于单

一、缺乏新意。有的学生虽然在作文中为了避免重复能够用一些同义词,但也会由于用词不当而使作文出现错误。有些学生在作文中则不能正确拼写表达时所用的词汇。所有这些都会大大限制思想的表达和写作能力的发展。

3、缺乏语篇的连贯性

一篇好的英语文章,其结构应该是非常严谨的。这种严谨性体现在标题(title)、中心思想(mainidea)、主题句(topicsentence)和细节(details)之间的层层的联系上,即细节要围绕着主题句进行论述,主题句要紧扣中心思想,中心思想又不能偏离标题。然而许多学生在写作中不会使用主题句,或文中的主题句不明确。逻辑思维能力不强,观点片面且无内在联系,文不对题,无法构成一个完整、连贯、质量较高的篇章。

4、缺乏想象力

在写作中,笔者发现尽管学生头脑中积累了一些表象材料,但由于写作时,学生不能充分发挥想象力,积极性不能被很好地激活,头脑中的表象无法及时地显象出来,结果作文内容空洞,缺乏具体、生动的事实,使人读起来如同嚼蜡,使文章索然无味。

5、文化差异的影响

语言是文化的产物,是文化的重要组成部分,语言使文化得以发展和传播,文化又渗透着语言结构的各个组成部分。文化对语言的影响主要表现在语音语法、词汇等方面。其中,文化对词汇的影响最大、最明显。例如“狗”一词在:汉语中的意思多为贬义词,汉语中常有“狗急跳墙”、“痛打落水狗”等词来形容恶人。而在英语中相对应的“dog”一词却多为褒义词,例如,“luckydog”在英语中指的是幸运儿的意思。对学生来说,写作中如果忽略了一些词所具有的文化内涵,势必会导致表达上的失误。

二、大学英语写作课教学中教学策略与学习策略

当代认知心理学家指出：没有任何教学目标比“使学生成为独立的、自主的、高效的学习者”更重要。联合国教科文组织总干事纳依曼阐述道：“今天教育内容的百分之八十以上都应该是方法„„方法比事实更重要”。因此，教会学生学习，传授有效的学习策略，已被当前教育界视为提高学习效率的有效途径及减轻学生负担，大面积提高教学质量的有效措施。这就是说，在课堂上如何把教学策略与学习策略有效运用就成了一个非常重要的课题。下面我就怎样让学生积极参与到写作课中来，也就是如何运用一些教学策略和学习策略来提

高写作课的效果作一个介绍。

1、提供同类范文

我们以记叙文的写作课为例。教师在上课前可以先准备好两篇记叙文。这两篇记叙文的写作方式是不一样的：一篇是按正叙来写的，另一篇则是按倒叙来写的；一篇以第一人称叙述，另一篇则以第三人称叙述。上课一开始老师就发给学生们这两篇文章，让他们快速去浏览一遍，找出两篇文章写作方式上的不同之处，学生之间可以相互讨论、合作得出结论。学生如果一时找不出来可以采取诱导、启发等方式让学生去发现。学生给出答案后，教师对答案的对错作一个说明，然后对这两篇文章写作方式的不同再作一个总结，这样通过学生自己寻找和老师的点拨、说明、总结就能给学生一个有关记叙文写作的总体印象，在这个过程中也训练了学生的观察力和分析问题的能力。教师给学生一些问题，让学生带着这些问题再去读这两篇文章。这些问题涵盖了记叙文的五要素：where，what，when，who，why．在第一遍阅读的基础上，学生应该很快能找出这五个问题的答案，教师再告诉学生这是英文记叙文写作中的五要素并对这五要素作一个解释、说明。

以上这个步骤中我们运用了认知策略，认知策略是指学生为了完成具体学习任务而采取的步骤和方法,除了认知策略，我们还运用了情意策略。情意策略主要包括下面四个方面：动机、信心、坚持、激情，还有合作。教师在这两个步骤中运用了阅读课教学和写作课教学相结合的策略，使写作课摆脱了以往只讲写作练习的枯燥模式。

2、实战演练

给定学生一个题目，让学生集中一段时间思考，即头脑风暴法。这个方法放在教学上就是指在一段时间内使学生的大脑就某一主题进行密集的想象和思考，即把他们看到这个题目后展开丰富的想象，然后把在他们脑海中出现的，无论是单词、词组还是句子都统统写在 草稿纸上。这些写下来的东西在写文章的时候不一定都能用到，接下去还有一个去粗取精的过程。针对草稿纸上写下的单词、词组、和句子，画出一个树形图，这个树形图比更直观，更方便下面的写作。为了说得明白一点，我举一个例子，假设我们要写的记叙文的题目是： Myfirstdayincollege，我们在可能会写下下列词或词组：date、weather、happy、anxious、beautiful university、high buiding、laughter、colorful flowers、friendly classmates、helpful teacher、dream„„现在我们要做的就是把有用的词找出来。给学生一定的时间让他们自己去写文章。很多学生在等级考试之后都会向我诉苦，说他们写作文的时候感觉时间不够，最后结尾部分草草了事。所以平时训练最好就给他们半个小时时间，训练他们的写作速度。

在这一步骤中运用了提取信息的策略和实践性学习策略。记忆的关键问题不在于贮存，而在于提取。提取信息的策略包括了分析和综合的策略、比较和归类的策略、具体化策略、归纳与演绎的策略等。这些策略的获得会使英语写作质量提高到更高的层次。

3、批改策略

学生写完文章之后，老师不要急于把作文本子收走，十分认真地在他们的本子上圈圈点点，把每个语法错误都很尽责地改好。老师一手包办的结果就是学生这次犯的错误，下次写的时候还会犯，因为印象不深刻。所以最好的方式就是学生写完作文后，同桌对调改。改完之后以四到六个人为一组，讨论里面出现的错误。一般来讲，学生的错误有些是差不多的，所以这么一讨论，别人的错误就是一面镜子，照出了自己的不足。学生通过自己讨论，对自己的错误印象就会深刻得多，这对与写作能力的提高很有帮助。老师在这个过程中起一个引导和解惑作用就可以了。当然，学生改完后老师还是应该把作文本子收上来，免得有学生误改，下次上的时候再把这次的错误给总结一遍。

在这个步骤中我们主要运用了两个策略：元认知策略以及情意策略中的合作策略。合作策略上面已经提到过了，下面我们说一说元认知策略。元认知策略通俗地说就是对自己地学习活动进行反思的策略。许多研究都证明元认知策略对提高外语学习者的效率有着重要意义。学习者的学习是否成功在很大程度上取决于元认知策略使用的成败。文秋芳教授在调查传统与非传统学习方法时发现，对学习成绩起关键作用的变量之一是学生的自我管理策略，而该策略的核心是自我反思与评价能力。所以认识元认知策略的重要性，有效地运用元认知策略对自己的学习活动进行自我管理、自我监控及自我评估很有必要。

每个学生都想提高自己的英语成绩，那就很有必要掌握一些学习策略，提高学习效率和质量；其实很多策略平时我们无意识当中已经在运用了，但这远远不够，我们应不断强化这些策略。英语老师也应多方运用一些教学方法，增加课堂的趣味性，激发学生的学习激情。

参考文献：

1、董宏乐：《概念语法隐喻与英文写作能力的提高》，《国外外语教学》,2002年第3期；

2、左年念：《外语作文评阅与学生写作能力提高之间的关系》，《外语教学与研究》，2002年第5期；.3、杨淑娴：《英语写作成功者与不成功者在策略使用上的差异》，《外语界》,2002年第3期；.4、熊美华：《论英语写作课的教学策略和模式》，《赣南师范学院学报》,2001年第2期；

5、叶依群：《影响大学英语写作的因素及对策》，《合肥工业大学学报》,2002年第9期。

第二篇：大学英语写作

常用写作句型

1现象解释型

模板一

⑴According to the chart/graph/ table/ picture, it is clear that 图表/画内容总概括.⑵The chart/graph/ table/picture shows.⑶Many reasons contribute to 现象概括.⑷To begin with, 原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹Moreover, 原因二.⑺In addition, 原因三.⑻As a result, 段落总结句.⑼As to me, I think 我的观点/态度/建议.⑽ First of all, 理由一.⑾ Besides, 理由二.⑿To conclude, 模板二

Topic

⑴From the chart/graph/ table/picture, we learn that nowadays, 总述社会现象/事实现象, which has aroused the great /common concern.⑵what impresses me most is.⑶That are many reasons accounting for.⑷First of all,原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹ What is more, 原因二.⑺ For example, 举例说明原因二.⑻ In addition, 原因三.⑼As far as I am concerned, 我的观点.⑽For one thing/On one hand 理由一.⑾ For another/ On the other hand,.⑿Thus/In brief/Taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that….常用句型

⑴As is described in the chart/graph/table/picture, in the past few decades, there have arisen sharp increase in…如图中所示，在过去的几十年中，……急剧增长。

⑵The chart/graph/table/picture describes that the figure declines/falls smoothly/markedly, it indicates that…

图表显示数字下降平缓/明显，这表明……

⑶In the chart/graph/table/picture, we can seen that there was a slight/ marked fluctuation.It reveals that…

在图表中，我们可以看到有细微/很明显的波动，这表明…

⑷Recently, the problems of …has become the focus of the public concern.近来，…问题引起公众极大的关注。

⑸There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/ are responsible for/ explain… …可能是好几个因素造成的结果。

⑹There may be several possible reasons for which will be demonstrated below.可能有几个原因导致了我们下面所要阐述的问题。

⑺It’s no easy /simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factors.要解释该现象产生的原因并不容易，因为其中涉及到很多复杂的因素。

⑻ Among all the important/convincing reasons for…,one should be emphasized… 在所有重要/有力的原因中，我们应当重点关注…

2问题解决型

模板一

Topic

⑴It is well-known that 相关背景, but nowadays 总述不良现象或问题.⑵现象具体表现一.⑶现象的具体表现二.⑷It should be paid attention to that 该现象 is causing great harm/该现象 is caused for many reasons.⑸On one hand, ⑹On the other hand,.⑺Therefore, it is high time that ⑻First of all, 解决方法一.⑼进一步阐述方法一.⑽Secondly/In addition, 解决方法二.⑾Thirdly/Besides/Morever.解决方法三.⑿Only in this way can we解决问题.模板二

Topic

⑴There has been a discussion recently about 事实现象.⑵ It is obvious that 危害一/作用一.⑶ Additionally, 危害二/作用二.⑷So how to 解决问题is worth paying attention to.⑸On one hand/ Firstly, 解决方法一.⑹进一步阐述方法二⑺On the other hand/Secondly,解决方法二.⑻For example,支持该方法的例子.⑼In addition/ Thirdly, 解决方法三.⑽In fact, more than three ways can be adopted.⑾As for me, 我的思考或看法.⑿All in all, 总结全文.常用句型

⑴It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.⑵There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to…

⑶There is no immediate solution to the problem of…,but …might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity of…might be the first step.⑷In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts to… ⑸To conclude, we can see the best way is…

⑹Following these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to…, but the payoff will be worth the effort.3对比选择型

模板一

Topic

⑴Different people have different views on看法/问题.⑵Somme prefer 一种看法观点.⑶Others tend to.⑷As for me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.⑸Of course, 我不赞同的观点的合理性.⑹For example, 支持其合理性的例子.⑺But 我不赞同的观点的不足.⑻The following reason can account for your preference.⑼The main reason is that 支持观点的理由一.⑽ A good example to illustrate is that 支持理由一的例子.⑾In addition/ What’s more,支持观点的理由二.⑿For the foregoing, 重申观点.模板二

Topic

⑴When it comes to事物/问题, different people will offer different opinions.⑵Some people take it for granted that 观点一.⑶In their opinion, 观点一的理由一.⑷Besides, 观点一的理由二.⑸However, others hold that观点二.⑹They maintain that 观点二的理由一.⑺And 观点二的理由二.⑻Weighing up these two arguments, I am for 观点一/观点二.⑼ On one hand, 理由一.⑽ On the other hand, ⑾ For instance, 举例说明理由二.⑿ Therefore, as stated above, 常用句式

⑴ There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of …Some argue that …,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue.⑵ In response to the problem, some people believe…,in their minds,…Other maintain that…, in their eyes,…

⑶ Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.⑷ In conclusion, it is clear that

4观点论证型

模板一

⑴ It is true that 普遍的观点.⑵ However, 不同的观点/现象.⑶ I think,我的观点.⑷ 理由或其他论据 can be listed as follows.⑸ Firstly，论据一.⑹ Secondly, 论据二.⑺ For example, 支持论据二的事例.⑻ Thirdly, 论据

三.⑼ A case in point is 支持论据三的事例.⑽ There is no doubt that 重申观点.⑾ Therefore, 与该观点相符的做法.⑿ In a word, 总结全文.模板二

Topic

⑴ Many people believe that 社会现象/事实.⑵The truth is deep and profound.⑶ As we all know,具体表现一.⑷ In addition, 具体表现二.⑸ There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑹ A case in point is 阐述第一个例子⑺ For another example, 引出并说明第二个例子.⑻ Moreover, 阐述第三个例子.⑼All mentioned above that tells us that重申观点.⑽ But(One thing we have to notice is that)提出个人建议.⑾ In short,总结全文.常用句式

⑴ It is well known that …plays an important part in…

⑵ It is believed that …

⑶ There are many reasons explaining …

⑷ From what has been mentioned above, we may safely come to the conclusion that …

5应用文

⑴建议信模板

Date

Dear ___________,⑴ I am delighted to learn that _________.⑵ It____________.⑶ In my opinion, ________.⑷ On one hand,_________.⑸ On the other hand,_________.⑹ As to ________, I suggest ___________.⑺ If__________.⑻ It is unnecessary for you to _____________.⑼ In addition, ________________.⑽ I am sure _______________.⑾ Please inform me _________________.⑿ I amlooking forward to __________.Sincerely yours,Signature

常用句式

⑴ I would like to suggest that …/ I am writing with my suggestion that…

⑵ You have asked me for my advice with regard to …and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.⑶ If I were you, I would…

⑷ As you may agree that...⑸ I hope you will find these suggestions helpful/ practical/ useful.⑹ I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.⑺ I would be happy to see improvements in this regard.⑻ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.⑵倡议书模板

Date

Dear________,⑴ I am writing this letter to call on ____________to ____________.⑵ As some of you may know,___________.⑶ In fact,___________.⑷It is necessary for us to___________.⑸ On one hand,__________.⑹ On the other hand, ______________.⑺ However,___________________.⑻So it is high

time_____________________.⑼ Firstly, ________________.⑽Secondly, _______________.⑾ If you are willing to ____________, please ______________.⑿ Join us in the action and extend ________into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties.Thank you.⑶求职信模板

Date

Dear_______,⑴ I am applying for the position of _________advertised in _________.⑵ I major in

_____.⑶ My training in ________definitely meet your qualifications.⑷ My complete resume is attached.⑸ I will graduate on____________ from_________.⑹ In addition to the required courses of this program, I have_________.⑺ I also have some experience in ___________.⑻ I believe my training and experience _________________.⑼ You will find me to be ________________⑽ I hope that you will consider me for your position.⑾ May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑿ I can be reached by telephone __________.Sincerely yours,Signature

常用句式

⑴ I am writing to apply for the post of …advertised in …

⑵ In reply to your advertisement in…, I beg to apply for the post …in your company.⑶ I feel I have the qualifications and experiences needed for the position of …

⑷ I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request.⑸ I hope I may be granted an interview when I can explain my qualification more fully.⑹ It seems that my experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of…in your firm.

第三篇：大学英语写作模版

（1）模版一There is no consensus among the people as to the view of(主题).Some people hold the idea that(观点A).A case in point is that(支持观点A的例子).On the other hand, others may have a quite different view.According to them,(观点B).The most typical example is that(支持观点B的例子).Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter.Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some

extent, but the latter is more convincing.2）模版二(主题)is a common occurrence in our lives.The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person.Some people tend to ______when they are asked(观点A)because(支持观点A的原因).The most typical example is that(支持观点A的例子).However, others argue that(观点B).They point out that(重申观点B)for the reason that(支持观点B的原因).As far as I am concerned, I will choose to(你的观点)because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.2）My View 型（1）模版一 When asked about(主题), some people hold the idea that 观点A).As far as they are concerned,(展开观点A).But I could not agree with them in several points.In my opinion,(观点B).The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.In the first place,(支持观点B的理由1).In the second place,(支持观点B的理由2).In the third place,(支持观点B的理由3).For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe(重申观点B).（2）模版二 Some people believe that(观点A).For instance, they hold the idea that(支持观点A的例子).And it may bring them（A带给他们的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,(我不同意的理由1).For another,(我不同意的理由2).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, I agree to the thought that(重申自己的观点).3）利弊型（1）模版一Nowadays many people prefer(主题)because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.On the one hand,(主题的优点1).On the other hand,(主题的优点2).But everything can be divided into two.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that(主题的缺点1).To make matters

worse,（主题的缺点2).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(主题)itself is

neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.（2）模版二With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon of(主题现象)is an example of the former / latter one.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.To start with,(原因1).Furthermore,(原因2).Eventually,(原因3).Good as(主题现象)is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages.The apparent example is that(缺点例子1).In addition,(缺点例子2).On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate(主题现象)and make our life more comfortable.图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More

importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for

quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).提纲式作文 1.对立观点式 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing（X）.They point out the fact that 支持（X）的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持（X）的另一个原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do（X）.They firmly point out that 反对（X）的第一个理由。An eample can give the details of this argument:

There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of（X）overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about,（X）also may（X）的有一个坏处。

2.批驳观点式Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个

例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观

点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。

3.社会问题(现象)式 Nowadays, there exists an increasinglyserious social/economic/ environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common

concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..辩论式议论文模版

模版1Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1.More importantly, 论据2.Most important of all, 论据3.In summary, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测.模版2People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the

former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据1.For another, 论据2.Last but not the least, 论据3.To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.模版3There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 论据1。Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。

A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.(I)说明原因型模块

Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX

It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon

(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注释: 1:XX的第一个优点 2:支持XX的做法 3:不支持XX的做法

4:XX的第二个优点 5:举例证明优点二 6:说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文:The importance of self-confidence

Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your

enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that

(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).(I)说明原因型模块(2)

In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind

people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television

In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has

caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from,children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what

programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合].It is estimated that [相关数据].Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [解决办法一].On the other hand, [解决办法二].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象].为便于读者理解，我特意用这个模板，写了一篇关于ghost writer(捉刀代笔的枪手)的示范性小作文，请您观摩一下。

Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 枪手] in [China's examinations / 中国的考场].It is estimated that [5％ examinees are ghost writers / 5％的应试者是枪手].Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 枪手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主无知].Besides,[hirers' indolence / 雇主懒惰].The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主迟钝].To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 枪手] is due to [hirers' low IQ / 雇主智商低].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打].On the other hand, [decapitation / 斩首].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 枪手].（I）说明原因型

模块

（一）Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that(1).Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(2).Besides,(3).The third reason is(4).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to(5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing ,(6).On the other hand ,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the

number of XX.Generation gap between parents and children

Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and

children which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that(75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children

usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?

Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(the two generations,having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them).Besides(due to having little in common to

talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face).The third reason is(with the

pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum

up ,the main cause of XX is due to(lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing(children should respect their parents).On the other hand ,(parents also should show solicitue for

their children).All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.（I）说明原因型 模块（2）In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all ,(3).Then , there comes a case that(4).Moreover ,(5).Especiallywhen(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remindpeople that(7).In this way ,we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television

In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels.It has

caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all ,(with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much

exercise as they should).Then , there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their

ability to achieve in school).Moreover ,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV

viewing).In this way ,children will not be influented too deeply.（I）说明原因型 模块（3）

Currently,XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result , your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your

plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon

(6).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(7).注释：： XX的第一个优点 2： 支持XX的做法 3：不支持XX的做法 4：XX的第二个优点

5：举例证明优点二6：说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文：

The importance of self-confidence

Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuablethan self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power

to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome

difficulties), as a result , your dreams willcome true.On the contrary,if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that

you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。

It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light

when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect

that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and

self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound

influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(he that can have

self-confidence can have what he will).综合运用篇

Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。

As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)

As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....随着社会的发展，人们开始关注.....As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。

Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。

展现问题篇

Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近来，是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。

The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。

At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。

People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。

People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。

The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。

When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer...说到___，有人认为____，而另一些人则认为___。

There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of..There who criticize...argue that..., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that...目前，___问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为___，他们认为____，不过，另一方面，赞同__的人则认为___。

1、常用与开头的短语、句式

（1）with the（rapidly）growing popularity of（computers/private cars）in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。

（3）With the development of（science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …

（4）Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).（5）Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China.some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…

（6）There are some reasons for owning(private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,…Second,…Finally,…

（7）There are many advantages and disadvantages in(owning a car).（8）There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something

（9）Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…

（10）The possible solutions of(the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors…

（11）The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products)are…

2．常用于结尾的短语、句式

（1）It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to。。

（2）To conclude，we can see that（the best way/the possible solution）is。。

（3）In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。

（4）In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to。。

（5）In a word，there are three suggestions we must follow，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。

（6）It is time for us to take an active part in。。

（7）Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）

1．表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．．

6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．

2．表示好处1）It has the following advantages．2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us．

5）It is of great benefit to us．

例： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．

3．表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmfulto us．

例： However，everything dividesinto two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion．

4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．

例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．

5．表示措施1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．

例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．

6．表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．

2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．

例： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．

第四篇：大学英语写作

1.对立观点式

A．有人认为#是好事，赞成#，为什么？

B．有人认为# 是坏事，反对#，为什么？

C．我的看法。

模板:

With the development of our society, # has increasingly become a common concern of the public.(可再加一句情况说明)

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing #.They point out the fact that 支持# 的第一个原因.They also argue that 支持# 的另一个原因.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do #.They firmly point out that 反对# 的第一个理由.What’s more, 反对# 的第二个理由.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of#/doing # 的好处overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(结尾一段也可选用这种方式:

Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of #/doing # 的好处, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)

Colleges Have Opened Their Doors Wider With the development of our society, the fact that colleges have opened their doors wider has increasingly become a common concern of the public.Some people are in favor of the idea of opening the colleges’ doors wider.They point out the fact that it allows more students to pursue higher education.They also argue that it will provide more talents for our society.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to open the colleges’ doors wider.They firmly point out that it will be much harder for the graduates to find a job.What’s more, it will lead to a social problem.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of

opening the colleges’ doors wider overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(141 words)(结尾一段也可选用这种方式: Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of opening the colleges’ doors wider, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)(141 words)

2.社会问题(现象)式

A．一个社会问题或者现象

B．产生的原因

C．我的看法。

Work in the Countryside(positive)

1.许多大学毕业生自愿到农村工作

2.出现这种现象的原因

3.我的看法

Work in the Countryside With more and more university graduates in our society, how to find a good job has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that many university graduates would like to work in the countryside.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that with more and more university students graduating each year, the job market competition becomes more and more fierce, and many graduates cannot find jobs in the cities.Secondly, most villages that are trying to employ university graduates have developed well.It makes mot much difference whether to work in the countryside or in the city.Last but not least, some university graduates who come from the

countryside are eager to go back home to contribute to the construction of their hometown.Based on the above reasons, I think university graduates should go to work where they are needed most and where they can make full use of their talents.Working in the countryside can be truly an advisable(明智的)choice.(170 words)Misleading News(negative)

1.当今社会虚假新闻越来越多

2.分析出现这种现象的原因

3.呼吁社会改变这种不智之举

With the development of our society, misleading news has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that there are more and more misleading news in our society.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that there are more and more modern communication tools in the world, misleading news can easily spread.Secondly, some journalists would like to draw public attention and increase the sales by publishing misleading news.Last but not least, the public would like to share some interesting news which may be misleading.Based on the above discussions, I think we should take action to prevent misleading news.Think twice before we speak can be truly an advisable choice.(124 words)

3.应用文

写信:感谢信, 投诉信，道歉信,邀请信,申请(贷款、入学、求职)，请求别人帮忙（写推荐信，搜查资料)

Dear Sir or Madam,(不知是谁的情况下，如果有要求写给谁要写上具体的名称)

I am a student/customer who….I am writing to thank you for/complain about/apologize for/invite you to do/apply for/ask for your help to do sth.描述过程或原因.When I …, I was really thankful/upset/sorry /honored/interested/upset.I sincerely hope that ….If you can…, I will be really….I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily

A Letter to Apply for a Student Loan

1.介绍你的个人情况

2.申请助学贷款的原因、数额及用途

3.如何保证专款专用以及你的还款

Dear Sir or Madam,I am a sophomore in Peking University who majors in Engineering.I am writing to apply for a student loan of 2,000 yuan.It is hard for me to make the application, but I have to.Last year both my parents were laid off, and what’s worse, three weeks ago my mother was discovered to have caught a serious disease.Therefore, I could not get support for my study form my family any more.When I knew that I have the opportunity to apply for the student loan, I was really happy and excited.So I immediately write this letter to you to ask for your help.I sincerely hope that I can get the loan.I promise that all the money will go to my tuition and fees for the next year, and I will repay it within four years, that is, one year after my graduation.If you can grant my application, I will be really grateful.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily

(166 words)

4.图表作文模板

图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。图表的类型主要有：圆形（饼型）图（pie chart）、柱形图(直型图)（graph）、曲线图（chart）和数据统计表(表格)（table）。① 描述图表 ②分三方面解释原因 ③下结论

1)As can be seen from the in______.During the period from _______to _______, ________rose from ________to _______, while _______ decreased from _______ to _______.2)We believe that there are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To begin with,____.Secondly, ____.Last but not least, _____.3)In conclusion, ______.We can imagine that _____.范文： Health Gains in Developing Countries

1．以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(1ife expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况

2．说明引起变化的各种原因

1960 1990

Health Gains in Developing Countries

life expectancy of developing 40 years nearly 60 years, infant

develops quickly in developing countries during this period, and living quality improves the development of national health care systems.When they become richer and richer, they care more about personal health conditions.medical sciences also develop at a fantastic speed, and it is much safer for mothers to give birth.the situations in developing countries are changing for the better.(169 words)

注:还须注意今年的热点问题,如:就业(有关词汇如: graduate, apply for, applicant, candidate等);经济问题(有关词汇如: the financial

crisis/tsunami等);或城市交通问题等.

第五篇：英语写作评课稿

评朱菲菲老师的写作课

聂忠敬

英语写作课是公认的难上的课，而朱菲菲老师给我们送来了这样一节优秀的作文理论课，给我们今后的教学带来了很好的指导作用。

第一、引题

朱老师以自己为话题，让学生问他几个问题，以增进彼此的了解，融洽师生关系，从而更快的接受老师，更快的融入课堂。而且这样的方式也很好地锻炼了口语能力，使英语学以致用。

第二、如何写一篇优秀的文章

A、审题目：要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。

B、圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。

C、列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。

D、定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。E、写全文：写短文时要做到以下五个方面（1）避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板

（2）多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型（3）注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用

语态、时态要准确无误;主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致；注意人称代词的宾格形式；注意冠词用法，注意拼写、标点符号和大小写等。(4)上下文要连贯

(5)不会表达，另辟蹊径、改错句

中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：

（1）看字数是否达到要求。看有无遗漏要点

（2）看文体格式是否正确规范

（3）看词语使用是否正确，有无语法或用词上的错误(n.art.v.adj./adv.)（4）看单词拼写、字母大小写是否有错，标点符号有无遗漏或用错等等

（5）注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致 G、誊定稿 考试中，书面表达应做到先打草稿，写完后多读几遍，检查是否有误，然后再抄到试卷上，注意字迹要工整，不涂、不画、不勾不抹，避免不必要的扣分。

本堂课对如何应付中考作文作了全面的讲解，从中可以看出，教师的基本功非常扎实，也为上课作了充分的课前准备。要写好作文，要求学生多积累，我很赞同这个观点，要有词汇基础、短语基础、句型基础等。遗憾的是如果把带读短语和句型的时间用在写作文上，这样就不是空谈理论，而是理论联系实际。在同学们完成写作之后，先让学生自己点评其他人的作文，运用上课中提到的改作文的方法来改写错误，使学生在发现别人的错误的同时，改掉自己的毛病。这将是一个亮点，这种方法往往让学生记忆深刻、终生难忘。效果则会更好。从总体来看，这是一堂较好的作文理论课。为我们今后教作文提供了很好的方法。同时不管是教态，还是语言，都非常自然、流畅，水到渠成。

2013.5.22