第一篇:英语学习_希腊神话连载4_必备
弃我去者,昨日之日不可留
乱我心者,今日之日多烦忧
希腊神话连载4
Palladium
When Ilus had first built his new seat,the city of Troy,he prayed Zeus to show some sign of blessing for it. His prayer was heard,and a wooden image of Pallas-A-thena fell from heaven to within the walls of the city. Known as the Palladium,the statue afforded the city safety and protection. At religious meetings of the goddess it was carried through the city streets amid joys and songs of praise.
After the flames of war had spread for ten years before the walls of Troy,a prophet foretold that Troy could never be expected to fall as long as the Palladium was treasured by itspeople .In order to steal it out,Odysseus and Diomedes slipped into the capital one night indisguise,known to none but Hellen.The bad woman took out them to He cuba,the queen of Troy,at whose feet Odysseus immediately bowed down and asked formercy.The queen granted their request,and with the help of Helen,they successfully brought the image back to the Greek camp at dawn.
Later it was said that Aeneas got hold of it and carried itwith him to his new land,where it was Preserved together with the goddess' fire.
当伊拉斯最初建造特洛伊城时,他祈求宙斯赐福于这座城市。宙斯听到祈求后,一尊木制的智慧雅典娜像从天堂落到了城墙里。人们将它称作雅典娜神像。这尊木像担任着保卫和看守城市的任务。在祭神的宗教仪式中,它在欢快的气氛和赞美的歌声中被抬着走过城市的所有街道。
在特洛伊建成之前,战火已弥漫了十年。一位预言家说:只要雅典娜的神像受人民的爱戴,特洛伊城就永远不会衰灭。为了将神像偷出城,一天夜里奥德修斯和狄俄墨德斯乔装改扮潜入首都,这一切只有海伦知道。这个可恶的女人把他们介绍给特洛伊皇后赫克犹巴。奥德修斯立刻跪倒在她的面前乞求怜悯。皇后答应了他们的要求,在海伦的帮助下,他们在拂晓的时候成功地带着雕像回到希腊营地。
据说后来埃弥斯得到了雕像并带着它到了自己的新领地。木像和神火一起被保存在这块土地上。
The Flood
Towards the end of the Age of Bronze the human world became very cruel.
Men grew hungry,impolite and ungodly.Neither rightn or law was respected any longer,and the rule of hospitality was forgotten.Dressed up in human form,Zeus visited Arcadia andThessaly,and disliked the deadly wrongs of men .He decidedto clear the earth of them all.Without hesitation he released therainy south wind and called upon the heartless Poseidon to help.Soon the whole world sank in a vast ocean,and the entire humanrace disappeared in the unheard of flood,all but two poor Thessalians .
These were an old childless couple,kind and faithful and contented with life.The man was called Deucalion and his wife Pyrrha.Son of Prometheus,Deucalion had been warned beforehand by his father of the coming floodand made himself a hugechest.When the roaring flood came the couple hid themselves init and floated for nine days until it touched land again on Mt Parnassus.
The once active world presented a frightening sight.It was all death and ruin.Feeling lonely and unsafe,the old coupleprayed to the gods for help.A sage instructed them to cast the bones of their mother about .The son of the wise Titan,havingguessed the true meaning of the mysterious command,started throwing stones behind him. A miracle occurred. The stonesthat the man cast became men;the stones that the woman threwturned into women.Since then,people appeared on the land again.The Heroic Age had begun.
到了青铜期末代,人类世界变得非常残忍,人类也变得贪婪、粗鲁且不虔诚。公理与法律不再受到尊重。殷勤好客的风俗被遗忘。宙斯装扮成凡人的样子查看了阿卡迪亚和色萨利两地。他不喜欢凡人极度的罪恶,决心将他们从地球上铲除。他毫不犹豫地释放了夹雨的南风,并召来冷酷无情的波塞冬协助他。很快整个人类世界被淹没在一片汪洋之中。除了两名恭顺的色萨利人幸免于难外,人类被史无前例的洪水吞噬。
这对老夫妻没有孩子。他们善良、虔诚、对生活心满意足。丈夫是普罗米修斯的儿子,名叫丢卡利翁,妻子名为皮拉。丢卡利翁的父亲事先就警告他会爆发洪水,因此,他制了个巨大的箱子。当咆哮的洪水涌来时,夫妻俩就躲藏在箱中,这样漂泊了九天,最终漂到了帕那萨斯山。
曾经生机勃勃的大地呈现出恐怖的景象。死亡与毁灭四处可见。老夫妻深感孤独和危险。他们就向上帝祈祷,乞求帮助。一位圣人指示他们把母亲的遗骨掷向四周。这位聪明的泰坦的后代,马上悟出了这个神秘指示所隐含的意义。他们开始将石头抛向身后。奇迹出现了。男人抛出的石头变成了男人,女人抛的则变成了女人。从此人类再次在陆地上出现,英雄时代来临。
Ajax(the Great)
Ajax was a man of giant stature,daring but slow.When the Trojan War was about to break out he led his forces from Salamis to join the Greek army at Aulis.As one of the trustiest champions of the Greek cause,he was given thejob of guarding one end of the Greek camp near Troy.He was noted in the battlefield for his brav
ery and courage.After Achilles' death he became one of the two hot contestants for the dead hero's shield and armour,the other being Odysseus.When the weapons were finally judged to his rival,Ajax went mad for grief.Unable to get over the hardships,he took his own life.When,in order to seek the advice of,Odysseus came to visit the lower world,the shade of Ajax frowned uponhim.In the lower world Ajax chose to be a lion,guided clearly by the bitter recollection of his former life.
埃杰克斯是位身材魁梧、骁勇善战、但头脑迟钝的人。当特洛伊战争即将爆发时,他率领军队从萨拉米斯到达奥尔墨斯加入了希腊军队。作为一名为希腊事业奋斗的最可信赖的斗士,他被派去保卫*近特洛伊的希腊军营边界。战场上,他因作战勇猛而出名。阿基里斯死后,他成为两个最有可能获得阿基里斯的盾甲的有力竞争对手之一。另一名对手是奥德修斯。最后,他的对手胜利了,并得到了盾甲。埃杰克斯悲伤至极,无法自拔,最终结束了自己的生命。奥德修斯为了得到盲人底比斯的忠告而来到阴间;埃杰克斯的幽灵冲着他直皱眉头。在阴间,由于受到前世痛苦记忆的折磨,埃杰克斯选择了做一头狮子。
第二篇:英语希腊神话
Intelligence fairy Athena(Athene):
Intelligence fairy and justice war fairy is Zeus and female Titan the United States the daughter of the Di Si, she is intelligence fairy and peaceful
fairy(or call a female to fight absolute being), she is brave, strong but again kind, kindness, however sometimes slightly some narrow minds, don't wish other people stronger than her.Zeus' head when she was born violent ache, after after using big ax to slice open, Athena's hand holds long gun, wear to fight A to jump from it.It is really popular absolute being.Kill good friend Pa to pull Si but change name to Pa to pull Si because of accidentally losing ·Athena.★Eyes become bright at the mid-night of owl, there are also rooster and snake, for Mou son bright fairy Athena come to to say, is all her symbol.智慧女神雅典娜(Athene):
智慧女神和正义战争女神,是宙斯与女泰坦美狄斯的女儿,她是智慧女神兼和平女神(或称女战神),她勇敢、强大而又善良、仁慈,不过有时略有些小心眼,不愿别人比她强.她出生时宙斯头部剧烈疼痛,之后用大斧劈开后,雅典娜手持长枪,身披战甲从中跳出。是很受欢迎的神。因失手杀死好友帕拉斯而改名为帕拉斯·雅典娜。
★眼睛在夜里发亮的猫头鹰,还有公鸡和毒蛇,对于眸子明亮的女神雅典娜来说,均为她的象征。
第三篇:浅谈希腊神话
浅谈希腊神话
“希腊神话”是希腊不朽的文化,也是世界至今的道产,更是人类所向住的美好的憧憬。神话中所蕴含的美丽、勇敢、善良与和谐都是希腊人的内心深所崇尚的结晶,然而这正好回应世界人们的心声,虽然神话是遥不可及的纪想,但是它为人们的心灵编作美妙的和弦,安抚着人们精神上的需求,从而使人们更为清昕的判断事情所奖要发展的驱向,确定事情的正确性,以便理智的作出合理裁决。古希腊人认为,天地未分时,神先于人类出现在宇宙中,首先出现的是天地混沌神哈俄斯。从温饨中产生出地母该亚,接着在大地的底层出现了黑暗神厄瑞波斯,在大地上面出现了黑夜女神诺克斯。厄瑞波斯打倒天地温沌神哈俄斯后,娶黑夜女神诺克斯为妻,生下光明和白昼。这时地母该亚又生出天神乌拉诺斯。乌拉诺斯娶其母该亚为妻,生了六男六女,总名十二提坦巨神。乌拉诺斯是第一个统治世界的天神,他为了维护自己的地位而把自己的子女——提坦巨神们打入地下。他最小的儿子克洛诺斯起来反抗,打败了乌拉诺斯,救出被国的兄妹,做了天神。克洛诺斯娶了妹妹瑞亚为妻,生了三男三女,为了不被自己的子女推翻,克洛诺斯在子女降生后便吞掉他们。最小的儿子宙斯被他聪明的母亲用衣服包着石头替换下来,免于一死。宙斯长大后,设法让克洛诺斯吃了一种呕吐剂,他吐出吞下的子女,然后兄弟姊妹联合起来和克洛诺斯交战,经过十年的“提坦之战”,终于打败克洛诺斯,宙斯自立为神王,娶姐姐赫拉为妻,建立起庞大的神的家族。宙斯是“众神之父、万人之王”。他有雷电霹雳作武器,统治着天地万物。宙斯和他的一家人分治世界。天后赫拉掌管婚姻,哥哥波赛冬是海神,哈得斯是冥神,姐姐得墨忒耳是农神,赫斯提亚是灶神;儿子阿波罗是太阳神,阿瑞斯是战神,赫耳墨斯是神使,赫淮斯托斯是火与铁匠之神;女儿雅典娜是智慧女神,阿弗洛狄忒是爱神,阿耳忒弥斯是月神。另外,重要的神还有酒神狄俄倪索斯,“三个摩伊拉”是命运女神,“九个缨斯”是文艺女神等。众神住在希腊最高的奥林波斯山上,称为奥林波斯神统。关于人类的起源,古希腊人认为,当天地拥挤着飞鸟、动物、兽类的时候,一派生机勃勃的景象,但没有“有灵魂的生物”,于是,先觉普罗米修斯知道“天神的种子”埋在泥土里,就用泥土“按天
神的样子”塑造了人类。他又从各种动物的心里摄取了“善”和“恶”封闭在人的胸膛里,雅典娜面对这样的生物感到惊奇,把灵魂和神圣的呼吸送给这半生命的生物,使他们成为大地的主人。于是,人类便这样诞生了。
希腊神话中许多反映古希腊人民生产劳动的传说,也极其生动感人。普罗米修斯盗取火种给人类而受罚的故事曲折地反映了古希腊人在火的发明和应用过程中所经历的磨难。被称为万能制造家的火神赫淮斯托斯,不但在奥林波斯山上为众神建造了富丽堂皇的宫殿,为希腊英雄阿喀琉斯铸造了极其精致的盾牌,他还在埃特拉工场里用银子制造了两个能行走的女孩为他来往送东西,这说明希腊人早就有了机器人的幻想。关于能工巧匠代达罗斯的神话尤其富有想象力:代达罗斯和儿子伊达洛斯为米诺斯王修建了迷宫,米诺斯王怕他们泄露秘密,将父子俩关在迷宫里,想把他们饿死。代达罗斯为自己和儿子制造了两副大鹏一样的翅膀,父子双双飞出迷宫,逃脱了险境。
希腊神话的地位和影响是无可比拟的,其思想性和艺术性都达到相当的高度。马克思说:“希腊神话不只是希腊艺术的武库,而且是它的土壤。”希腊神话不仅对古希腊文学艺术的发展有很大的影响,而且对欧洲文学艺术的发展产生了深远影响。希腊的一切文学艺术作品,史诗、悲剧以至造型艺术,大多以神话为题材。罗马神话则完全继承了希腊的整套神话故事,只是把希腊神换成了拉丁名字。文艺复兴时期的文学艺术,特别是绘画,其题材的来源之一就是希腊神话。17世纪古典主义悲剧,有一部分取材于希腊神话。19世纪欧洲的浪漫主义作家,常常把希腊神话中的英雄作为歌咏的对象。本世纪西方现代派作家,受希腊神话影响,以希腊神话为题材而创作的也不乏其例。爱尔兰作家乔伊斯的名作《尤利西斯》,便是受希腊神话中的伊大卡岛国王俄底修斯的故事的启发而创作的,作品与俄底修斯的故事形成对应关系。在当代文艺学范围内,人们对神话的兴趣逐渐升华为一种研究旨趣、批评方法乃至理论体系,这就是当代国外文学批评理论中的重要流派之——神话一原型批评。希腊神话对欧洲思想文化方面的影响更是源远流长。欧洲文学中的热爱现实生活,积极追求自然和人性美,以人为本,强调人的力量等思想,以及不断进取的乐观主义精神,都能在希腊神话中找到它们的源头。现在,希腊神话中的许多人物形象和故事传说,已植根于欧洲人民的日常生活和语汇中,成为人们普遍使用的典故,如“不和的金苹果”、“木马计”、“潘多拉的盒子”、“普洛克拉斯的铁床”、“金羊毛”、“奥吉亚斯牛圈”等。至于盗天人给人间、为人类带来光明的普罗米修斯和为民除害造福的赫刺克勒斯这些神和英雄的名字更是家喻户晓。19世纪末20世纪初的一些哲学流派,大部分源于古希腊神话,如尼采之于古希腊悲剧及日神、酒神,弗洛伊德之于俄狄浦斯情结,加级之于西绪弗的神话等等。可以说,希腊神话已成为研究欧洲文学和西方精神必备的常识,不懂希腊神话,就很难透彻理解欧洲文学和西方精神。希腊神话是“历史上的人类童年时代”的产物,它们“作为永不复返的阶段而显示出永久的魅力”,至今仍然能够“给我们以艺术享受”。
总之,希腊神话是古希腊人最初的意识活动的结晶。它艺术地概括了古代人们对自然和社会的认识,反映了希腊人与自然斗争的经验和征服自然的理想,也反映了希腊历史发展中的社会现象和意识形态,内蕴极为丰厚。
美术学院2010级美术学八班姓名:吴文强
学号:201000710807
第四篇:希腊神话浅析
浅析古希腊神话
11汉语1班程腾118305305
古希腊是世界文明古国之一,它为人类留下了一笔灿烂的文化财富,其神话和英雄传说是最为瑰丽的珍宝之一。古希腊的历史十分悠长,自然也就产生了他们当地独特的文化,这种文化当中自然也少不了他们的神话故事。
《古腊神话故事》是一部沉重的书。人物的繁多和关系之复杂使人烦闷,叫人不忍卒读;而许许多多触目惊心的事情又使人感到压抑、沉闷,甚至是窒息。
希腊神话中,无论是神袛还是神化的人(英雄),都具有人的情感,思想都刻上人的烙印。这本书娓娓动听地讲述了宙斯、阿波罗、雅典娜、普罗米修斯、阿佛洛狄忒、阿伽门农、俄底修斯、阿喀琉斯的脚踵、帕里斯的苹果、木马计以及塞壬女仙的歌声等故事以及特洛亚战争、俄底修斯传说和阿伽门农的结局。在他们的神话故事中有着形形色色的人物,有万物之主的天帝宙斯;有庄严又爱嫉妒的天后赫拉;有富有母爱的农业女神的得墨忒耳;有聪明善战的雅典娜……这些神每一个都有着属于自己的独特故事,海格力斯、赫拉克勒斯、阿波罗等,无不出自希腊神话,可见希腊神话故事的魅力与影响力如此之大,希腊神话的故事在世界广为流传。
伊阿宋和希腊著名的英雄们去科尔喀斯取金羊毛。在那里他邂逅了埃厄忒斯国王的女儿美狄亚。为了帮助伊阿宋取得金羊毛并逃脱她父亲的追捕,美狄亚背叛了自己的国家和父亲,并且还设计杀害了自
己的亲弟弟!然而美狄亚自己却并未得到幸福。虽然她和伊阿宋最终结为夫妻,但是当她年老色衰时,伊阿宋就娶了临近一个国王的女儿。
如果仅仅这样,还不足以揭露人性丑恶的深层本质,不足以体现其批判的深广。爱情的背叛使美狄亚因爱成恨,丧失理智。她恶毒地把那个国家的国王和公主毒死了。为着令伊阿宋痛苦一辈子,她竟然把自己的三个儿女也毒死了!最后,她逃离了。但是我相信,无论她逃到哪里,都无法逃脱良心的谴责,逃离内心的苦痛。而伊阿宋回想一生,绝望地了结了余生。
爱情是自私的。这是人之常情,但是为着一己之私欲而伤害深爱自己的人,为着宣泄怒火而把复仇的黑手伸向无辜的儿女,那便是罪恶,是不可宽恕的!美狄亚即使美艳动人,却也有蛇蝎般的心肠;伊阿宋纵使英勇无比,却也有戴着假面的时候。他们都存在着极其丑恶的一面。这些被认为是美、智慧、勇气等化身的英雄美女尚且如此,更何况平凡人呢?即使是神也存在着人性的自私与丑恶。这方面尤其以宙斯为甚。虽然他贵为万神之主,可是并没有那种皇者应有的气度。
希腊神话对人对神都作了真实的展现,不粉饰光明,也不掩盖黑暗。对人对神,它都同等对待。不因为他是英雄而遮盖其卑鄙,不因为他是神袛而掩盖其虚伪。人性的批判正是深深植根于这样的土壤,所以批判才显得深刻有力。
古希腊的神话是西方文学艺术的源泉,人们智慧的结晶。当我们在阅读这些美丽的神话的时候,一定也可以感受到希腊文明和艺术的灿烂辉煌!
第五篇:英语中的希腊神话典故
英语中的希腊神话典故
宁波的Lydia问:
Tom,你好,我是一名英语系的学生。在一次考试中,我碰到了“Achilles' heel”这个词组,当时怎么也猜不出它的意思,只好空在那里。后来经老师讲评才得知这个词源于希腊神话。后来,我留心地注意了一下,发现在英语中类似的 词汇好像还真不少,所以想请你帮忙总结一些英文中比较常用的这类词语。
Tom:
英语中有很多词语都源于希腊神话故事。应Lydia的要求,本次,我就讲讲其中一些最为常用的表达法,以及它们背后的故事。如果你能在别人面前讲出这些典故,相信大家都会对你刮目相看的。
Theseus & the Minotaur
Theseus was the Athenian king's son who travelled to Crete and killed the terrible Minotaur, a monster that was half-man, half-bull.The Minotaur lived in a complex underground maze called the Labyrinth.Today, a labyrinth means a difficult maze, or anything that is very convoluted and confusing(e.g.“a labyrinth of rules and regulations”).特修斯和弥诺陶洛斯
特修斯是雅典国王之子,曾前往克利特岛杀死了可怕的半人半牛怪物——弥诺陶洛斯。弥诺陶洛斯生活在一个名叫拉比林特斯(Labyrinth)的复杂地下迷宫里。而今“labyrinth”的意思是一个难解的迷宫,或者那种非常令人费解与迷惑的事情(例如“a labyrinth of rules and regulations”)。
Hercules
Known in Greek as Herakles, he was the son of Zeusand a mortal woman.He was famous for his amazing strength.He once killed his own children in a bout of temporary insanity, and was punished by having to undertake twelve near-impossible tasks for his cousin, King Eurystheus.From his name, we get the word Herculean, meaning incredibly strong or powerful(e.g.“Herculean strength”)or very difficult(e.g.“a Herculean task”).海格立斯
在希腊语中被称为赫拉克勒斯的他,是宙斯(众神之王)和一个凡间女子所生之子。他以其惊人的力量而著称。因一时的精神失常,他曾杀死了自己的 孩子,并受惩必须为其堂弟欧律斯透斯国王处置12项几乎不可能完成的任务。从他的名字中,我们得到了一个词“Herculean”,意思是不可思议的强壮 或强大(例如“Herculean strength”)或是非常困难(例如“a Herculean task”)。
The Trojan War
The greatest Greek fighter in the war with the Trojans was Achilles, who was invulnerable except in one place-his heel, and that was just where the Trojan Paris fatally wounded him with an arrow.So a crucial weakness is called an Achilles' heel.The siege of Troy came to an end when the Greeks pretended to depart, leaving behind a massive wooden horse as a “gift”.In fact, the horse contained soldiers, and when the Trojans
brought it inside their city, they sneaked out at night and opened the gates to let in the rest of their army.Now, a Trojan Horse means a seemingly benign enemy in your midst, and in computing refers to a kind of virus.The saying “beware of Greeks bearing gifts” also comes from this, meaning that you should not trust enemies who suddenly appear friendly to you.Another Greek warrior at Troy, Odysseus, angered the god of the sea and suffered great troubles and years of delay when he tried to sail home.This story was called The Odyssey and today, “an odyssey” means a long and eventful journey.特洛伊战争
在与特洛伊人的这场战争中,最伟大的希腊斗士就是阿基里斯,此人身上除了一个部位,即他的脚踵之外,都是无懈可击的,而特洛伊的帕里司正是用箭射中了这个地方,给他造成了致命的伤害。于是,致命弱点就被称作“Achilles' heel”。
当希腊人佯装退去,留下一匹巨大的木马作为“礼物”之时,特洛伊城之围便告一段落。事实上,那匹马中藏有士兵,当特洛伊人将其带入城中之后,他们便在夜间偷偷溜了出来,打开城门将余下的军队放了进来。如今,“Trojan Horse”的意思是指在你方人群之中有伪善之敌,而在计算机方面则指一种病毒。谚语“beware of Greeks bearing gifts”(要小心带着礼物的希腊人)也是来缘于此,意思是指你不该相信那些突然对你友善相对的敌人。
特洛伊之战中的另一位希腊勇士——奥德修斯,曾惹恼了海神,于是在他试图乘船返乡的途中,遭遇到了巨大的麻烦,被拖延了数年时间。这个故事被称为“奥德赛”,如今,“an odyssey”的意思就是指一段路遥多舛的旅程。
Narcissus
Echo was a nymph cursed by Hera, queen of the gods, to have no power of speech except to repeat the words of others.Echo fell in love with the handsome Narcissus, but he wanted nothing to do with her.Heartbroken, she retreated to secluded caves, where her flesh began to wear away.Her bones turned to rocks, then only her voice was left.She is still ready to reply to anyone who calls her, says the legend, and that is why in mountains and caves if you shout out you will hear an echo.Now, Narcissus was not exactly a nice guy.He was incredibly vain and thought of no one but himself.He was punished by the goddess Artemis by being cursed to fall in love, but a kind of love that could never be fulfilled.Narcissus came upon a clear spring and, as he bent to take a drink, caught sight of himself for the first time, reflected in the pool.Try as he might to touch this exquisite person in the waters, however, he never could.His love was his obsession and he would not leave the stream to eat, nor disturb his image to drink and so he died of thirst and hunger and unrequited love of himself.Where he lay a flower grew, still called the narcissus flower.In modern English, if you call someone a narcissist, you are saying that they are completely in love with themselves.那喀索斯
艾科(Echo)是一位仙女,遭到了众神之后赫拉的诅咒,丧失了说话能力,只能重复别人的话语。艾科爱上了英俊的那喀索斯,但那喀索斯却不想 与她产生任何关系。伤心的她退居僻静的山洞,其肉体在那里开始消逝。她的骨骼变成了岩石,之后只有她的声音留了
下来。据传说,她依旧准备好对那些呼唤她的 人做出回应,而这就是为什么你若是在群山和洞穴中大喊就会听到一声“echo”(回音)的原因。
那喀索斯算不上一个好人。他自负得令人不可思议,只考虑自己不顾他人。他受到了阿耳特弥斯女神的惩罚,被诅咒陷入爱恋,不过却是一种永远也 无法实现的爱恋。那喀索斯偶然碰到一湾清泉,当他俯身喝水之时,第一次瞥见了池中倒映出来的自己。他力尽所能地去触摸水中那个貌美之人,但却永远都做不 到。他的爱困惑住了他,他既不愿离开泉水去进食,也不愿破坏自己的映像来饮水,于是他死于饥渴以及对自己的那个没有结果的爱恋之中。在他倒下的地方,生长 出一种花朵,至今仍被叫做“the narcissus flower”(水仙花)。在现代英语中,如果你称某人是“narcissist”(自我陶醉者),那么你就是在说他们十分自恋。
The Underworld
Afterlife for the ancient Greeks was a pretty grim prospect, at least if you were being punished for wickedness.One such punishment was the literal definition of tantalising.The word has its origin in the punishment of Tantalus.He was uniquely favored among mortals since he was invited to share the food of the gods.However, he abused the guest-host relationship(accounts differ as to how).Sent to Hades, he was immersed in water, but when he bent to drink, it all drained away;fruit hung on trees above him, but when he reached for it winds blew the branches beyond his reach.A Sisyphean task is one that is both extremely laborious and futile.Sisyphus was a murderer who was severely punished when he tricked the god of death so that the dead could not reach the afterlife.His punishment was to push a huge boulder up a steep hill, which tumbled back down every time he reached the top.Then the whole process started again, lasting for eternity.冥府
对古希腊人来说,阴世是一个相当可怕的景象,至少在你因恶行而遭到惩罚的时候是如此的。
“干着急”这个词的字面意思就是此类惩罚之一。这个词源于对坦塔罗斯的惩罚。由于他受邀与众神一同进餐,所以他是凡人中唯一受到恩宠之人。然 而,他妄用了宾主关系(至于如何妄用,说法不一)。被送到地狱后,他被浸泡在水中,但是当他俯身喝水之时,水却全部枯竭;在他的头上就有果子挂在树上,但 是当他伸手去够之时,风却把树枝刮到他够不到的地方。
一项“Sisyphean”(艰苦而没有尽头的)的任务就是那种既艰辛至极又徒劳的任务。西西弗斯是一个凶手,曾戏弄了死神,导致死者无法来到阴间,因而受到了严厉的惩罚。他的惩罚是将一块巨石推到陡峭的山上,而每次当他到达山顶石头便会滚落下来。此后整个过程又重来往复,永不停歇。