第一篇：常考算法总结
-------------------------void insertsort(int list[],int n)//直接插入排序 { int i,j,temp;for(i=1;i for(j=i-1;j>=0;j--) if(temp list[j+1]=list[j]; else break; list[j+1]=temp;} }-------------------------void incrsort(int list[],int n,int h)//shell排序 { int i,j,temp;for(i=h;i for(j=i-h;j>=0;j-=h) if(temp list[j+h]=list[j]; else break; list[j+h]=temp;} } void shellsort(int list[],int n)//shell排序 { int i,incr=n;do{ incr=incr/3+1;for(i=0;i incrsort(list,n,incr);}while(incr>1);}-------------------------void bubblesort(int list[],int n)//冒泡排序 { int i,j,temp;for(i=0;i for(j=i+1;j { if(list[i]>list[j]) { temp=list[i]; list[i]=list[j]; list[j]=temp; } } }-------------------------void swap2(int &a,int &b)//引用传值 { int temp;temp=a;a=b;b=temp;} void swap1(int a,int b)//值传值 { int temp;temp=a;a=b;b=temp;} void swap(int *a,int *b)//指针传值 { int temp;temp=*a;*a=*b;*b=temp;} int partition(int list[],int low,int high)//快速排序 { int i=low+1,j=high,temp1;temp1=list[low];do { while(temp1>list[i])i++; while(temp1 if(i { swap(&list[i],&list[j]); } }while(i swap(&list[low],&list[j]); return j;} void quicksort(int list[],int low,int high)//快速排序 { int k;if(low k=partition(list,low,high); quicksort(list,low,k-1); quicksort(list,k+1,high);} }-------------------------void merge(int list[],int *temp,int a,int b,int c,int d,int *k)//两路归并过程 { int i=a,j=b;while((i {temp[(*k)++]=list[j++];} } while(i<=c){temp[(*k)++]=list[i++];} while(j<=d){temp[(*k)++]=list[j++];} } void mergesort(int list[],int n)//归并排序 { int *temp=(int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*100);int a,b,c,d,i,k,h=1;while(h a=0;k=0; while(a+h { c=a+h; b=c-1; if(c+h-1>n-1)d=n-1; else d=c+h-1; merge(list,temp,a,b,c,d,&k); a=d+1; } for(i=0;i {list[i]=temp[i];} h*=2;} }-------------------------void selectsort(int list[],int n)//简单选择排序 { int i,j,small;for(i=0;i small=i; for(j=i+1;j if(list[j] small=j; swap(&list[i],&list[small]);} }-------------------------char * nizhi(char *str)//字符串逆置 { char *p=str;int len=strlen(str);int i,j;char temp; for(i=0,j=len-1;i<=j;i++,j--){ temp=*(p+i);*(p+i)=*(p+j);*(p+j)=temp;} *(p+len)=' '; return p;}-------------------------int x,y;//判断回文数 void judge(int * data,int len)//判断是否回文 { int i,j,f=0;for(i=0,j=len-1;i<=j;i++,j--){ if(*(data+i)!=*(data+j)){ f=1;printf(“%d bu shi hui wen！!n”,x);break;} } if(f==0)printf(“%d shi hui wen!n”,x);} void separate(int *data,int n)//将数字个十位分开 存入data { int j,k,t;y=0;while(n!=0){ *(data+y)=n%10;n=n/10;y++;} *(data+y)=' '; for(j=0,k=y-1;j<=k;j++,k--){ t=*(data+j);*(data+j)=*(data+k);*(data+k)=t;} }-------------------------//单链表逆置 node* nizhi(node* head){ node *p1,*p2,*p3;p1=head;p2=p1->next;while(p2){ p3=p2->next;p2->next=p1;p1=p2;p2=p3;} }-------------------------//统计字符串中不含有重复字符的最大子串长度 int search(char *text){ int lastpos[256], lmax=0, curmax=0; int i; for(i=0;i<256;i++) lastpos[i]=-1; for(i=0;text[i];i++) { if(i-lastpos[ text[i] ] > curmax) { curmax++; lmax =(lmax>=curmax)?lmax:curmax; } else curmax = i-lastpos[ text[i] ]; lastpos[ text[i] ] = i; } return lmax;}-------------------------//整数转换成字符串 法一： while（num）{ temp[i]=num%10+’0’;i++;num=num/10;} 再将temp逆序 法二： itoa（number，string，10）； //字符串转换成整数 法一： while（temp[i]）{ sum=sum*10+(temp[i]-‘0’);i++;} 法二： int atoi(const char *nptr);-------------------------//字符串循环右移n个 例如 abcdefghijkl n=2 结果为 klabcdefghij 实现： Void loopmove（char *str,int n）{ Char temp[maxsize];Int step=strlen(str)-n;Strcpy(temp,str+step);Strcpy(temp+n,str);*(temp+strlen(str))=’ ’;Strcpy(str,temp);}-------------------------//单链表排序(简单选择排序)void selectSort(Node *node){ Node *p;/*当前节点*/ Node *q;/*遍历未排序节点*/ Node *small;/*指向未排序节点中最小节点*/ int temp; for(p = node->next;p->next->next!= 0;p = p->next) { small = p; for(q = p->next;q->next!= 0;q = q->next) if(small->value > q->value) small = q; temp = p->value; p->value = small->value; small->value = temp; } } ------------------------- //打印一字符串，数字正常打印，小写正常打印，大写转换成小写打印，其他字符不打印 for(i=0;i if((int)str[i]>=65&&(int)str[i]<=90)printf(“%c”,str[i]); if((int)str[i]>=97&&(int)str[i]<=122)printf(“%c”,(char)((int)str[i]-32)); }-------------------------//二分法查找 int halfsearch(int list[],int low,int high,int k){ int i,j,mid;i=low;j=high;if(i<=j){ mid=(i+j)/2;if(list[mid]==k)return mid+1;else {if(list[mid] else return halfsearch(list,low,mid-1,k);} } else return 0;}-------------------------//单链表中已知一个指针p指向一个结点，p非头结点也非尾结点，如何删除p指向的结点 p->data=p->next->data;p->next=p->next->next;-------------------------//计算str中子串sub出现的次数，str为原字符串，sub为子串 //判断两字符串是否相等，相等返回1，不等返回0 int Judge(char *movePt,char *tempPt){ int i; for(i = 0;i < strlen(tempPt);i++, movePt++) { if(*movePt!= tempPt[i]) return 0; } return 1;} //计算子串出现的次数，str为原字符串，sub为子串 int StrCount(char *str,char *sub){ int count = 0; char *move = str; if(strlen(str)< strlen(sub)) { return 0; } else { while(strlen(move)>= strlen(sub)) { if(Judge(move, sub)) { count++; } move++; } } return count;} -------------------------补充： 12.单例模式 public class MyBean { private static MyBean instance = null; private MyBean(){} public static synchronized MyBean getInstance(){ if(instance == null){instance = new MyBean();} return instance; } } 13.回调函数 回调函数就是一个通过函数指针调用的函数。如果你把函数的指针(地址)作为参数传递给另一个函数，当这个指针被用为调用它所指向的函数时，我们就说这是回调函数。回调函数不是由该函数的实现方直接调用，而是在特定的事件或条件发生时由另外的一方调用的，用于对该事件或条件进行响应。14.句柄 句柄，是整个windows编程的基础，一个句柄是指使用的一个唯一的整数值，是指一个四字节长的数值，用于标志应用程序中的不同对象和同类对象中的不同的实例，诸如，一个窗口，按钮，图标，滚动条，输出设备，控件或者文件等，应用程序能够通过句柄访问相应的对象的信息。但是，句柄不是一个指针，程序不能利用它句柄来直接阅读文件中的信息。如果句柄不用在I/O文件中，它是毫无用处的。句柄是windows用来标志应用程序中建立的或是使用的唯一整数，windows使用了大量的句柄来标志很多对象。 // 八皇后问题(采用回溯法求解)#include bool place(int,int,int *);void NQueens(int,int, int*);void NQueens(int,int *);static int sum=0; int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int x[8];NQueens(8,x);cout<<“总共有”< } bool place(int k,int i,int* x){ //判定两皇后是不是交叉 for(int j=0;j if((x[j]==i)||(abs(x[j]-i)==abs(j-k))) return false; return true;} void NQueens(int k,int n,int* x){ for(int i=0;i if(place(k,i,x)){ x[k]=i; if(k==n-1){ for(i=0;i cout< cout< ++sum; } else NQueens(k+1,n,x); } } } void NQueens(int n,int* x){ NQueens(0,n,x);} 常考词频总结 available suit certain raise transform comparative charge transmit yield transfer transport adapt adopt alter arise arrange assemble cancel continually event extensive leak length present range rise access account accumulate accurate adequate affair affect applicable approachable approve arouse artificial attend bargain bring capacity case consequently consider considerable continuous cultivate deliver demand dense dispute enormous exaggerate exhaust exposure extend extent extra feature gap gather generous grant guilty impact impression incident increase inform injure intensive interval involve lead lively look mark minimum mood normal oblige obvious offer order omit original pace perform possibility preferable probability publish question rank rate refuse regard regular regulate remedy responsible result resist retain rewrite rigid scold settle spoil spot status step stick suppose take tense trace transmission trouble turn urgent vary view vigorous virtue yield almost attack abandon absent absolutely abundant abuse acceptable accomplish accuse acknowledge acquaint acquire actually adaptable add adjust advertise advisable aggressive alike alive allow along amaze ambitious amount amuse annually anxiety anxious any appeal appearance apply appointment appreciate approve arbitrary assessment assignment associate assume attach 52 attainable attempt attend attention attitude attraction attribute avenue average avoid awkward badly bare barrel barrier basket battery beneficial benefit bite black blame blank blast bloom bold compete convenient complete convert completely coordinate comprehensively correct compress cost bother bound break breed burst carry challenge chance change characteristics cheat claim classify collected comfortable comment compare comprise concern confident confirm confuse conservative considerate consistent consistently constantly consult consume contain content contrary contrast contribute 53 counting courage course crash crime crisis crude curiosity curious damage dark debate decision decrease delay delicate deny desert desire destroy determination devote diagram differ direction dislike dispose distance disturb draw drop each earn edge educate effect effective efficient emotion emphasize employ endure enlightened ensure entitle equal equivalent erect essentially exception exception excess excessive exchange exclusively exhibition expand expansion expansive expense expensive extension extremely face faith false fame favor favorite feeling fill finish fixed flat flow fluent fluid follow forceful form fresh fulfill fully fundamentally furnish gain generate genuine glimpse gradually grasp growth guarantee guide hard hardly harm harsh heavily heighten high hollow hope hurry hurt idleness ignore imply impose impress inability incapable incline include indifferently indispensable individual inevitably infinite inform inform inhabitant inquire insensible insert insignificantly instant 55 intensive intention interfere interview invite isolate issue join judge know label lack large last lasting late later latter laziness leak level liable liberal lie light likely liking live living lodger lonely long maintain manually automatically matter mean mild mind miserable modest motivation multiply nearly necessarily necessities neglect nuisance numerous object observation occupy offend one opinion opportunity optimistic optional ordinary outstanding overlook pair partial particularly passion peculiarly permit perspective pile pitch plunge point pollute possession postpone potential pour poverty prepare prevent price private profitable progress prohibit promise promote properly property propose provision purchase purpose puzzle quantity quite quote rack rainbow reaction ready reality realize receive recommend reduce regard regardless reinforce relate relate relation relation relatively release relieve remarkably remove replace request require reserve resident resistant response result reveal reverse revise ribbon rob roughly rude rush scale scarce scene scope scratch seat secure seek seize seldom sentence separate seriously service set settlement settler severely shame shape share shift short shrink side sight signal significance significant single slight smooth sole solution some sorry span spare speed spend split stain stimulate sting store strength strive strong stuff supply supreme surprisingly survive sustain swallow synthetically tame tear tedious temper tend tender tidy tie tight time tolerate touch tough track tradition tragedy translate transplant treat tremendous unceasingly undergo uniform unlike unnatural unreal vacant vacuum violently vision wear withdraw witness wonder worry wreck 59 常考词频总结 available raise charge transfer transport adapt adopt alter arise arrange assemble continually event extensive leak length present rise suit transform transmit access account accumulate accurate adequate affect applicable approachable approve arouse artificial attend bargain bring capacity case certain consequently considerable continuous cultivate deliver demand dense dispute enormous exaggerate exhaust exposure extend extent feature gap gather generous grant guilty impact impression incident increase inform injure intensive interval involve lead lively mark minimum mood oblige obvious omit original perform possibility preferable probability publish question rate refuse regard regular regulate remedy responsible resist retain rewrite rigid scold settle spoil spot status suppose tense trace transmission urgent view vigorous virtue yield abandon absent absolutely abundant abuse acceptable accomplish accuse acknowledge acquaint acquire actually adaptable advertise advisable aggressive alike alive along amaze ambitious amount amuse annually anxiety anxious appeal appearance apply appointment appreciate approve arbitrary assessment assignment associate assume attach attack attainable attempt attend attention attitude attraction attribute avenue average awkward bare barrel barrier basket battery beneficial benefit bite blame blast bloom bold bound breed burst challenge characteristics cheat claim classify collected compete complete completely comprehensively compress comprise concern confident confirm confuse conservative considerate consistent consistently constantly consult consume contain content contrary contrast contribute convenient convert coordinate correct cost counting courage course crash crime crisis crude curiosity curious damage dark debate decision decrease delay delicate deny desert desire destroy determination devote diagram differ direction dispose distance disturb draw edge educate effect effective efficient emotion emphasize employ endure enlightened ensure entitle equal equivalent erect essentially exception exception excess excessive exchange exclusively exhibition expand expansion expansive expense expensive extension extremely faith false fame favor favorite feeling fill fixed flat flow fluent fluid forceful fresh fulfill fundamentally furnish generate genuine glimpse gradually grasp growth guarantee guide harsh heavily heighten hollow idleness ignore imply impose impress inability incapable incline include indifferently indispensable individual inevitably infinite inhabitant inquire insensible insert insignificantly instant intensive intention interfere interview invite isolate issue judge label lasting laziness leak liable liberal lodger maintain manually automatically mild miserable modest motivation multiply necessarily necessities neglect nuisance numerous object observation occupy offend opportunity optimistic optional ordinary outstanding overlook partial particularly passion peculiarly permit perspective pile pitch plunge point pollute possession postpone potential pour poverty prepare prevent price private profitable progress prohibit promise promote properly property propose provision purchase purpose puzzle quantity quite quote rack rainbow reaction reality realize receive recommend reduce regard regardless reinforce relate relation relatively release relieve remarkably request require reserve resident resistant response reveal reverse revise ribbon roughly rush scale scarce scene scope scratch secure seize seldom sentence separate seriously service settlement settler severely shame shape shift shrink sight signal significance significant slight smooth span spare split stain stimulate sting store strength strive stuff supreme surprisingly survive sustain swallow synthetically tame tear tedious temper tidy tie violently vision withdraw witness wreck tight tolerate touch track tradition tragedy translate transplant treat tremendous unceasingly undergo uniform unnatural unreal vacant vacuum 这些单词有应向就是了，出现在完形填空中必要的时候可以直接选。 常考化学方程式总结 化合反应 木炭在氧气中燃烧（氧气充足） 硫磺在氧气燃烧 镁带在氧气中燃烧 铜丝在氧气中加热 一氧化碳在氧气中燃烧 二氧化碳与水反应 木炭与二氧化碳在高温下的反应 木炭在氧气中燃烧(氧气不充足) 白磷在氧气中燃烧 细铁丝在氧气中燃烧 氢气在氧气中燃烧 钠在氯气中燃烧 氧化钙与水反应 分解反应 水通电分解 高温煅烧碳酸钙 碳酸氢铵受热分解 碱式碳酸铜受热分解 氯酸钾与二氧化锰共热制氧气 碳酸分解 置换反应 氢气还原氧化铜 木炭还原氧化铜 锌与稀盐酸反应 镁与稀硫酸反应 铁与稀盐酸反应 锌与硫酸铜反应 水蒸气通过炙热的炭层 氢气还原三氧化钨(WO3) 锌与稀硫酸反应 镁与稀盐酸反应 铁与稀硫酸反应 湿法炼铜的原理 其它反应 二氧化碳使澄清石灰水变浑浊 氢氧化钠吸收二氧化硫气体 氧化铜与稀盐酸反应 氧化铁与稀硫酸反应 一氧化碳还原氧化铜 甲烷燃烧 氧化铜与稀硫酸反应 氧化铁与稀盐酸反应 一氧化碳还原氧化铁 酒精燃烧 重要化学方程式巩固 白磷在氧气中燃烧 水通电分解 实验室制氧气 甲烷燃烧 氢氧化钠溶液与硫酸铜溶液混合木炭还原氧化铜 实验室制备二氧化碳 铁丝在氧气中燃烧 高温煅烧石灰石 生石灰与水反应 二氧化碳使澄清石灰水变浑浊 氢氧化钙溶液与碳酸钠溶液反应 氯化钡溶液与硫酸溶液反应 一氧化碳还原氧化铁 初三化学常考方程式小结 【带有※期末考试前一定要记熟】 MnO※2HO====2HO+O↑实验室用过氧化氢（双氧水）和二氧化锰制备氧气 2 2222 MnO※2KClO====2KCl+3O↑实验室用氯酸钾和二氧化锰制备氧气 2 △※2KMnO====KMnO+MnO+O↑实验室分解高锰酸钾制备氧气 42422 ※CaCO+2HCl==CaCl+HO+CO↑【实验室制备二氧化碳】 3222 ※Ca(OH)+CO===CaCO↓+HO现象：澄清石灰水变浑浊【用于检验二氧化碳】 2232 ※Fe+CuSO==FeSO+Cu44 ※FeO+3CO23 322 现象：红色固体逐渐变成黑色【工业炼铁的原理】 ※CaCO高温====CaO+CO↑【煅烧石灰石；工业制二氧化碳；制生石灰（CaO）】 ※3Fe+2O点燃====FeO23 2224※2H+O点燃====2HO【点燃可燃性气体（氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳）前应先验纯】 ※NaCO+2HCl==2NaCl+HO+CO↑ 2322 点燃4P+5O2====2P2O5现象:：红磷燃烧，产生大量白烟 点燃CH4+2O2====CO2+2H2O【天然气燃烧】 点燃C2H5OH+3O2====2CO2+3H2O【酒精（乙醇）燃烧】 Zn+H2SO4==ZnSO4+H2↑ Zn+2HCl==ZnCl2+H2↑ 现象：锌逐渐溶解，有气体生成Fe+H2SO4 ==FeSO4+H2↑现象：铁慢慢溶解，溶液由无色变成浅绿色，同时放出气体1 Fe+2HCl==FeCl2+H2↑ 现象：溶液由无色变成浅绿色，同时放出气体 2Al+3H2SO4 ==Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑ 现象：铝逐渐溶解，有气体生成2Al+6HCl==2AlCl3+3H2↑ 现象：铝逐渐溶解，有气体生成【前面几条的反应通式：(H)前的金属+酸（盐酸、稀硫酸）=盐+ H2↑，注意金属的化合价】 点燃2Mg+O2====2MgO 现象：镁条在空气中剧烈燃烧，出耀眼的白光 点燃S+O2 ====SO2现象：硫在空气中燃烧，发出淡蓝色的火焰，生成有刺激性气味的气体。 点燃C+O2====CO2 点燃2C+O2====2CO第二篇：常考词频总结
第三篇：常考词频总结
第四篇：常考化学方程式总结
第五篇：初三常考化学方程式总结
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