第一篇：科技英语翻译理论与技巧的心得体会
学习《科技英语翻译理论与技巧》课程后的几点体会和收获
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英语翻译，是具有逻辑思维、科学理论和艺术色彩三者集中亮相的一种语言学问。
但是，在学习《科技英语翻译理论》之前，我对翻译的看法却不是这样认为的，对它的态度却是那么的不恭，那么的不敬，只认为它是语言的奴隶，是一种枯燥乏味的、低俗的赚钱工具，根本谈不上“学问”这一个崇高的词语，更是谈不上它具有科学理论、艺术色彩、逻辑思维这些完美的名词。事实总是存在与主观想法互相不吻合的时刻，庆幸的是，在这个不该延长下去的时刻，我恰恰结束了它的延长时间——我开始学习《科技英语翻译理论》。
现在，在我的脑海中，翻译不再是语言的奴隶，而是语言的灵魂。语言是人与人之间交流的重要工具，如果没有了翻译，那么人与人之间的交流在很大程度上就会受到阻碍，世界的文化交流历史将要重新编写。
翻译不是一个单词一个词语地翻译，而是要拥有逻辑性的翻译。
在学习《科技英语翻译理论》之前，每当翻译句子时，我并没有考虑到译文的逻辑性以及通顺性，直接按照原语言的单词顺序非常死板地翻译成译文，使译文读起来非常生硬，不通顺，不仅大大改变了原语言的韵味，而且大大降低了译文的可读性。但是，自从学习了《科技英语翻译理论》之后，回想起自己以前所翻译的句子，感觉自己跟那些没有学过英语的人没有什么两样。
在翻译时，我们必须考虑译文的逻辑性和通顺性，最起码让译文读起来不会出现拗口以及很乱的感觉。在翻译之前，必须仔细地推敲原语言，把原语言的每一个单词都弄懂，然后再运用译文的逻辑性把这些已经翻译成译文的单词组合在一起，最后理清一下句子的通顺性，经过了这一番程序过程之后，一句很通顺的句子就这样精彩地诞生了。句子通顺畅达，读者读起来朗朗上口，这才体现出翻译的魅力以及美丽。
翻译应该是科学地翻译。
翻译不是精通一门外语，借助于词典和工具书就能为之的事，缺少对原语文化的深入研究，是很难保证翻译的水平和质量，而且是一种枯燥乏味的语言翻译。翻译要熟悉两种语言，悟出语言所具有的无比威力，还要透过语言所传达的信息，了解其背后的文化和精神，从而体会到两种语言文化的差异。语言不仅仅是信息的载体，还是文化的载体。不同民族由于不同的生存环境，对世界的不同认识，往往形成各自独特的文化背景和文化模式。人类对信息形式和内容的理解在一定程度上依赖于本民族的文化背景和文化模式。原文读者与原文作者一般具有共同的文化背景，因此原文读者能按作者所期望的那样，透过词汇的表面形式去理解原文的全部文化内涵，而译者根据自己的语言和文化背景来传达信息、表达感情，他所面对的则是难以理解甚至是更容易误解的文化材料，因此“翻译者必须是一个真正意义上的文化人”。译者不仅应该精通原语和译人语这两种语言，而且应该通过各种信息渠道了解这两种语言所反映的文化，谙熟它们的差异，才能找到契合点，最大限度地缩小原作和译者之间的距离，准确地捕捉原文中的文化信息，进行有效的传播。
翻译应该具有艺术色彩。
在精通原语与译语的前提下，翻译时应该在某个恰当的位置和恰当的时刻，巧妙地引进一些恰当的感情语气，或者引进一些富含幽默性的语气，使听者或读者能够轻松愉快地、而不是枯燥乏味地领略文化的魅力、见识原语言文化背景以及风俗习惯。同时在翻译时附加性地加入一些恰当的语言修辞手法，使译文在不失原语言文化的前提下宛如一幅美丽动人的图画展现在听者或读者面前，使人心旷神怡。这样的翻译，要求译者应该具有丰富的知识和广阔的见识面。拥有语言的广阔认识面以及对艺术有较深入的认识。拥有了这些知识之后，翻译者才能快速地翻译出原语言，使译语栩栩如生。
其实在翻译中也是有种类区别的。在文稿纸上，一个单词的翻译、一个句子的翻译、一篇文章的翻译，这是书面翻译；在交谈中，一个语气的翻译、一句口语的翻译、一段对话的翻译，这是口语翻译。书面翻译在一般情况下，它允许你拥有长时间的思考过程，你可以慢慢地琢磨推敲，也可以无数次地修改，直到一个完美的句子出现在读者面前为止。但是，口语性的翻译不允许拥有大量时间的思考过程，也不允许不断地修改，它要求翻译者必须拥有快速的语言组织能力、流利的表达能力以及丰富的表情传达能力。偶尔也要求翻译者拥有幽默性的翻译语气，使彼此之间的交谈拥有一种舒适快活的氛围，达到快乐交谈，不会丢失你所想表达的东西。
上面所写的文字，都是我在学习《科技英语翻译理论》之后的体会以及收获。但是我还是要总结一下所有的体会以及收获。
翻译，是一门语言学，同时也是一门逻辑、科学、艺术三方面兼备的语言学。它要求翻译者应该具备多方面的知识，翻译出具有逻辑性、可读性、通顺畅达的译文，让原语言文化不失习俗韵味，同时也体现出译文语言文化的独特性，让读者同时陶冶在两种不同文化之中，体会两种不同文化的语言韵味。
第二篇：科技英语翻译
形合和意合
1.昨天看电影我没有买到好票。
I did not buy good seat for movie last day.2.这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。
This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well.3.她在中国留学服务中心工作。
She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange.4.烤烟，苹果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大农产品，年产量3.12亿元，占农业总产值的52.5%。
Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values.5.可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries.6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension.某种与其他疾病伴发的高血压，称为继发性高血压
7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book.本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。
8.一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以用到医疗上去。
That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use.英汉句子中心的差异
1.他们培育出的细胞看上去像胚胎干细胞，这的确令人惊讶。
It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells.2.1968年12月阿波罗8号宇宙飞船上那些想家的宇航员们在太空拍下了整个地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出现了第一个地球日，这绝非是历史的偶然。
It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968.3.你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。
There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved.4.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快的重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。
I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.5.由于现代世界的发展和近年来在单门学科狭窄前沿上的研究进展，出现一些极其复杂的难题，单凭一两人的力量是无法对它们进行透彻研究的。
One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.6.这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特能力，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes.7.不努力就不会成功。
One can never succeed without making great efforts.8.想到要出国深造，他激动不已。
He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.9.如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，将不胜感激。
I would appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon forward to us.10.如能尽早回复，我将非常感谢。
I would appreciated it if you can reply as soon as possible.11.他本来在天津开会，会议一结束，他就上北京去度假了，昨天才坐飞机回来。
He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vocation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjing.12.In practice, the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize the error.为保证最大的分辨率必须选用薄层，为使误差最小必须选用厚层，实际上要权衡一下来选择厚度。
13.在自然界找不到处于游离状态的铝，因为这种金属总是和其他元素结合在一起，最普遍是跟氧结合（铝和氧都有很强的亲和力）。所以，铝直到十九世纪才被人类发现。
Aluminum remained unknown until 19th century, because no free aluminum can be found in the nature, due to the metal can connected with other elements, most commonly with oxygen for aluminum and oxygen having strong affinity.14.It was to test the effect of mercury on the heart that the two new studies compared the mercury levels in clipping from toenails, where heavy metal tend to be deposited.重金属通常是富集在指甲内，于是两项新的研究比较了脚趾甲剪取物中的汞水平，以此来考察对比心脏的影响。
英汉语序差异
1.人体T细胞白血病病毒：human T-cell leukemia virus 2.国际经济新秩序：a new international economic order 3.第五届全国化学生物学学术会议：The 5th National Conference on Chemical Biology 4.Nation Academy of Sciences：国家科学院
5.Overview of GMP, Quality System and Compliance in the US：美国的GMP和质量体系合规性概观
6.common side effect of the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer：治疗癌症的化疗药的一般副作用 7.这个通信卫星可以在任何时间向任何地点有效的传递语音信号和数据信号。
The communications satellite can send voice signal and data signal to any place at anytime.8.昨天在真空中进行了这个反应。
The reaction is carried out in a vacuum yesterday.9.中国南京江宁区龙眠大道639号。
639 Longmian Avenue, jiangning district, Nanjing, China 10.When the gene is activated, mice exhibit symptoms that mimic depression.基因被激活，小鼠表现出抑郁的症状。
11.The temperature is between 20-25℃ in the lab no matter when it is measured.无论什么时候测量，实验室的温度都保持在20-25度之间。12.无论出于固态，液态或气态，水的化学成分都保持不变。
The chemical constituents of water remains constant whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous state.13.SELDL-TOF-MS is a rapid and sensitive proteomic technique that has been applied to identify biomarkers in various diseases.14.由于甜椒中的亲脂性成分，用极性洗脱液洗脱的甜椒样品表现出更高的生物活性。
The sweet pepper samples eluted with polar eluents exerted high bioactivity due to their lipophilic component.15.该项准则随后成为了全球公认的评价口服固体剂型均匀度的非药典测量方法。
动态，静态及名词化
1． 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜变化。
The rotation of earth its axis causes the change from day to night.2． 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。
The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3． 为使物体克服惯性而运动，就需要一个力。A force is needed to move an object against inertia.4． 许多学贯中西的大师的经历证明，学不好母语的人，也不可能真正学好外语。
The experience of many great master well versed in the learning of both Chinese and Western cultures have shown that without a mastery of his native language, it is impossible for one to be truly at home with a foreign language.增词减词 增词
1.After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.2.He said he’d come to the discussion.3.Her job was sweeping, scratching, cleaning.4.I could knit when I was seven.5.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.6.Because of its reliability and simplicity evaporation is often applied on a large scale, normally using steam as the heat source.7.Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.8.During an EL Nino the pressures over Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines are higher than normal, which results in dry conditions or even droughts.9.Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.10.The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.11.The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related.12.Human beings have not yet been able to make an element by combining protons, neutrons and electrons.13.Air is a mixture of gases.14.Things in the universe are changing all the time.15.Plastic bowls marked microwavable are probably safer than those that aren’t.16.Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter.17.The earth’s population is doubling, the environment is being damaged.18.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects.减词
1.由于失业率增高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。With high unemployment, the low dollar and the distr stock market, the economy will be the president’s trail.2.你参加过花样滑冰项目的比赛吗？
3.阳光会破坏牛奶一类食品的维生素成分。
4.我们已经从其他国家有计划有选择的进口了一些成套的设备。5.应探索各种途径和手段促进儿童语言的发展。
Various channels and ways should be explored to promote the language development of children.6.这家航空公司需要加强改进和完善运行机制。
The airline company should make intensive effort to change and improve.7.回顾过去病史，未发现感染反复发作。
8.今年我们在引进工作方面又取得了重大成绩。9.我们积极支持生态农业。
10.肯德基出了新品种的香辣鸡翅。
11.抗氧化剂是某种存在于食品中的化学物质。Antioxidant is a chemical in food.12.这台较复杂的电脑又能设计出一台更为复杂的电脑，而且还可以一代代更加复杂精密的开发，研制下去。This more complex computer could design one still more complex and soon…
句意反译 肯定译为否定
1． 这份说明书不够详尽。The specification lacks details.2． 我们不应该再把海洋当成人类的生活污水和工业污水的垃圾场了。We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent.3． 精密仪器必须保持无尘。
Precise instrument must be keep free from the dust.4． 铁箱能使地球磁场影响不了指南针。
An iron case will keep the Earth’s magnetic field away from the compass.5． 我们无权签此合同。
It’s beyond our power to sign the contract.6． 他们公司在产品的包装和宣传上明显比不上竞争对手。
Their company is obviously inferior to their rival in product packing and davertisement.7.There are many other energy source in store.有很多能源尚未开发。
8.In the high altitude snow and ice remain all year.高海拔处冰雪常年不化。
9.As rubber prevents electricity from passing through it, it is used as insulating material.由于橡胶不导电，所以可以用作绝缘材料。
10.We have found your terms and conditions agreeable.我们对你的章程和条款没有异议。
否定译为肯定
1.The study of genetics will never be so all encompassing as to gobble up every subject from medicine to sociology.遗传学几乎包含了从药学到社会学的所有学科。
2.The advantages of nano-structured materials do no end here.纳米材料的优点一言难尽。
3.Until recently geneticists were not interested in particular gene.基因学家最近才开始对特定基因感兴趣。4.Don’t lose time in posting this letter.请及时送达这封信。
5.No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced.凭票退押金。
6.It was suggested that such devices should be designed and produced without delay.这意味着这个设施需要按时设计和生产。
7.Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。
8.These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100℃ 100℃可以杀灭细菌。
9.Its importance can’t be stressed too strongly.它的重要性怎么强调也不为过。
10.We don’t consider melting to be chemical changes.我们认为熔化不改变化学成分。
11.The doctor do not expect that the patient with breast cancer will recover.医生认为乳腺癌患者康复机率小。
12.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.搬到一个新住处要越小心越好。
物称与人称
1.Pork has priced itself out of his dish.猪肉太贵，他吃不起。
2.Space does not allow us to further analyze this problem here.限于篇幅，我们不能在此对这个问题做进一步分析。3.By now optimism had given way to doubt.至此，人们不再盲目乐观，而是疑惑重重。
4.Aminophylline does not share the usual objection to vasodilators.人们通常反对使用血管扩张剂但并不反对使用氨茶碱。5.The exigency of the case admitted of no alternative.情况紧急，别无选择。
6.It never occurred to me that she was dishonest.我从来没想过她不老实。
7.There was a strike participated in by five thousand workers.五千个工人参加了罢工。
8.“There is an increased level of anxiety disproportionate to the actual risk,” says Jerrold Bushberg, who directs programs in health physics at the University of California at Davis.“It’s the dose that makes the poison.It’s not a binary thing.”
人们的焦虑情绪日益强烈，但实际上人们并不需要如此担忧，只有剂量够大，才会把人毒死，并不是非此即彼。
9.The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are know.已知电压和电流可以确定电阻。
10.Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.有人在此讲了不该讲的话
11.It is said that the rhythm of tides is affected by moon.月亮影响潮汐规律。
12.突然间我想到了一个主意。
Suddenly I got an idea./Suddenly an idea struck me.13.不同的人对食物持不同的态度。
Different people have different attitude towards food./Attitudes toward food vary from person to person.14.人们一致认为植物病毒不会感染动物，反之亦然。
It has always been assumed that plant virus cannot infect animals and vice versa.15.Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor, where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria inn for lunch and later played an exhibition match.中国乒乓球队在星期五早上参观了坐落于安娜堡附近，拥有2200名学生的密歇根大学的现代化校园，并在学校自助餐厅与学生一起进餐，然后进行了一场表演赛。
16.There has been a striking continuous, but unexplained decline in the reported death rate of gastric carcinoma in the United States from 34 per 1,000,000 population in 1930 to 8 per 100,000 currently.据报道，美国的胃癌死亡率一直在明显地持续下降，从1930年的0.034%到目前的0.008%，但原因不明。17.The journey from embryonated egg to the ligase chain reaction has embraced an enormous amount of work involving tissue cell culture ,enzyme immunoassay, fluorescence ,and molecular techniques.从最早的鸡胚（中分离得到衣原体）发展到用连接酶链锁反应（诊断衣原体感染），医学专家们进行了组织细胞培养、酶免疫测定、荧光反应和分子技术等大量工作。
被动语态
1.Qinghao has been used to treat malaria in China for over 2000 years.在中国使用青蒿治疗疟疾已经有2000多年历史了。2.There problems must be solved before the tests start.考试开始之前必须解决这些问题。
3.Pain may be treated with drugs, physical measures or surgery.药物，物理治疗，外科手术可以治疗疼痛。
4.The patient is questioned by a doctor about his present complaint and the date of the onset of the disease.医生询问病人现在的情况以及疾病开始的时间。
5.Several elements and compounds may be extracted directly from seawater.一些元素和化合物可以从海水中直接提取出来。
6.While a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated.电线有电流通过后会发热。
7.Weak magnetic field are know to come from the human body.已知人体会产生一定的微弱的磁场。
8.Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the missile is to be designed.导弹设计时要特别注意空气阻力问题。
9.It is claimed that soap powders polluted the water we drink.有人声称肥皂粉污染了我们的饮用水源。10.心脏往往被看作是人体最重要的器官。
The heart is often regarded as the most important human organ.11.雄性Wistar大鼠20只随机分成对照组和糖尿病组。male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly :control group and diabetes group.12.本文以前没有发表过，目前也没有考虑投寄其他杂志发表。
This paper has not been previously published, also not been considered in other journal at present.13.Replication is normally carried out by the A, B, or C family polymerases with high fidelity and high processivity.复制过程通常是由具有高保真性和高持续合成性的聚合酶家族A，B或C实施的。
14.The conflict between the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents against resistance bacteria in clinic and less development of new antibiotics should be resolved by the cooperations among enterprises , government and institutions.企业、政府和科研机构之间的合作将是解决临床对于治疗耐药菌感染的新型药物的迫切需求与抗菌药研发处于低谷之间矛盾的方法。or耐药菌感染治疗急需新型抗菌药物，而抗菌药物的研究开发处于相对低谷,由此所产生的矛盾应该由企业、政府与科研机构合作解决。
15.Although an association between migraine and chest pain has been described, an association between migraine and coronary events has not been firmly established.虽然先前已有过关于偏头痛和胸痛之间关联的描述，但是偏头痛和冠心病之间的关联尚未确立。
汉语无主语句的英译
1.弄不好，就会前功尽弃。
If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.2.要了解中国，可以有很多视角。
There are different angles to approach China.3.学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。
Only by learning from the advances is it possible for one to catch up with and surpass them.4.与其说海洋把陆地分开，不如说海洋把陆地连在一起。The ocean do not so much divide the world as unite it.5.从他家到公园很近。
It is only a stone’s throw from his house to the park.6.我的家乡冬天很少下雪。It seldom snows in my hometown.7.可以采用各种方法使温度下降。
We can take all sorts of measures to bring the temperature down.Various methods can be adopted to keep the temperature down.8.首先要保证产品的质量。
The quality of the products must be guaranteed.9.操纵这些机器时必须小心。
Be careful when operating these machines.10.要着力解决经济社会发展中的突出矛盾。
Efforts must be made to resolve the prominent conflicts in economic and social development.11.使用电子显微镜，能获得大得多的放大倍数。
Much greater magnification can be obtained when electronic microscope is used.12.该项实验中肯定困难很多。
There must be many difficulties in the experiment.13.没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。Without facility, there would be no difficulty, and vice versa.14.对母语是英语的人来说，根本不可能4个星期就学会汉语。
It is impossible for native English speakers to master Chinese in just four weeks.15.已经决定几个月后进行生产。
It has been decided that production should begin in a few months.16.建议采用中国生产的设备。
It is suggested that the equipment made in China be adopted.17.随信附上我们新开发产品的样品。
Enclosed are samples of our newly developed products.定语从句
1.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
2.Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal.发烧是提问高于正常的情况。
3.Essential hypertension is the name given to the type of hypertension for which no cause can be found.原因不明的高血压成为原发性高血压。
4.The chemicals that make metabolism possible come from the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.使新陈代谢成为可能的化学物质来自我们呼吸的空气、所饮的水和所吃的食物。
5.The body consists of a large number of organs, each of which has its own particular function to perform.人体由大量器官构成，每种器官都有特殊的功能。
6.Glycogen is stored in the liver, which is released as needed in the form of glucose.糖原储存于肝，需要时以葡萄糖的形式释放出。
7.Operation can be performed with acupuncture analgesia, which is a great contribution to the development of medical science.手术可用针刺痛法进行，这对医学的发展是一大贡献。
8.The blood flows from the small arteries into the capillaries in which it gives up oxygen to the body cells and removes wastes from the tissues.血流由小动脉流入血管，在毛细血管血液把氧释放给身体的细胞并从组织中排除废物。
9.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我们知道由于猫的眼睛比人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以可以在夜间看的清楚。10.The disease, which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life.此病可发生于任何年龄，但以年轻的成年人常见。
11.Cancer should be suspected in persons who have any of these symptoms and signs for unaccountable causes and for an unreasonable period of time.如果病人具有任何这些症状和体征，病因又难以说明，而且持续时间长，就应怀疑癌症。
12.Third world countries export their mineral deposit and tropical agriculture products, which bring them desired foreign exchange.第三世界国家出口矿物和热带农作物以换取所需的外汇。13.The purpose for which electricity is used is numerous.电的用途是很多的。
14.Fortunately, there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.幸好，有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。
英语长句
1.It was believed that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixed on the sound of the heart beat;if this is so, then the discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frightening new world outside.据说，在母体发育期间，胎儿的注意力可能会集中于心跳的节律；如果是这样，那么外界相似的声音可能会对出生后的婴儿产生镇静作用，特别是刚来到这陌生又可怕的新世界的婴儿。
2.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition , and that informing them risking destroying their hope , so that they may recover more slowly , or deteriorate faster , perhaps even commit suicide.研究表明，大多数医生深信重病患者并不想知道他们的真实病情，冒着会毁灭他们希望的风险告知他们事实，会使他们恢复得更慢，或者会加速恶化，甚至导致自杀。
3.He had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that had been given a same name and different names that had been given to the same substance.同名不同药，同药不同名，由此造成的混淆，他都一一予以澄清。
4.It was to test the effects of mercury on the heart that two new studies compared the mercury levels in clippings from toenails,(where heavy metals tend to be deposited).因为重金属容易在脚趾甲富集，为了测试汞对心脏的影响，所以两项新的研究比对了从脚趾甲上剪下的碎片中的汞水平。
5.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? 比如说一个46岁的男子----在与家人外出度假之前进行常规身体检查---尽管他自己感觉很好，但医生发现他患有某种癌症，6个月内会死亡，这时医生该怎么对他讲呢？
6.There is no more difference, but there is the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person ,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales , and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.科学家的思维活动和普通人的思维活动之间存在着差别。这种差别就跟面包师或卖肉的人与化学家在操作方法上的差别一样——前者用普通的秤称商品的重量，后者则用天平和精密的砝码进行艰难复杂的定量分析。其差别不过如此而已。
7.This hope of “early discovery” of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often thwarted by diverse biology behaviors in the rate and direction of growth of cancer.肺癌早期发现，随后进行外科治疗，这可能是目前最有效的治疗办法，但这个希望由于肺癌生长速度和方向等生物学特征不相同而破灭。
8.Over the periods the snakes’ saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.在演化的过程中，蛇的唾液——一种温和、助消化的像人类唾液一样的液体——变成了甚至在今天也难以分析的毒液。
9.But scientists hope stem cells can be used to grow a range of tissues, from brain tissue to treat diseases such as Parkinson’s, in which brain cells are destroyed, to juvenile diabetes, in which key cells in the pancreas die off.但科学家希望干细胞能用来分化成一系列组织，如从脑组织到胰腺组织，用于治疗由于脑细胞被破坏引起的疾病如帕金森病以及由胰腺关键细胞死亡引起的青少年糖尿病。
第三篇：科技英语翻译
宁波工程学院简介
（NINGBO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN PROFILE）
宁波工程学院是一所由宁波市政府举办的全日制普通本科院校，前身宁波高等专科学校创建于1983年5月。2004年5月升格更名为宁波工程学院。学校分东、西两个校区，占地面积1400多亩（西校区（翠柏路）300亩；东校区（风华路）规划1100多亩，其中已建成约400亩），校舍建筑面积30万平方米。现有11个二级学院，27个本科专业。有教职工825人，在校全日制学生9429人。Ningbo University of Technology is a Full-time regular undergraduate program university which financed by Ningbo Municipal Government,it was founded in May,1983 as Ningbo polytechnic college which was upgraded and redesignated in May,2004.(east campus and west campus with total area of 1400mu and building area of 0.3 million square,the west camps at 208Cuibai Road ,the 400mu east camps at the Fenghua Road to be developed.It is constituted of 11schoolos ,27 undergraduate-programs, registering a staff of 825,full-time admission of 9429.学校综合办学条件良好，基础设施齐备。现有教学仪器设备总值8989万元，馆藏图书117万余册。目前学校专任教师511人，其中有硕士以上学位者297人，占58%，博士67人，占13%；副教授129人，教授56人，副高以上占36%，师资队伍建设呈现良好发展态势。
NBUT is well-equipped,in the value of 89890000RMB and a library of
1.17million volumes.The university registers a faculty of 511,of whom 297 have obtained master degrees and over 67 doctor degrees,(58% and 13% of the total respectively),and whom 129 associate professors and 56 professors(36% of the total respectively),the construction of teaching resource shows a favorable development trend.学校以学科建设为龙头，以市场需求为导向，精心设置专业，坚持工科为主，多学科协调发展。学校不断提高专业建设水平，办好优势专业，扶植特色专业，全面实施“321教学质量工程”。现有省级重点学科1个，重点专业2个，精品课程5门，省级示范基础实验室。
Directed to the discipline building and market demand ,NBUT attaches prime importance to program configuration with the focus upon engineering courses in cooperation with others.The “321 Teaching Quality Project” is underway,in support of advantaged and specialized.Currently rated at provincial level is a parcel of fruits,a key note program,two key note major programs and five excellent courses,model basis laboratory.学校加强科研基地和队伍建设，大力开展应用性科技研究和发展，现有科研机构十余个2008年已获国家级项目5项，省级项目14项；发表论文282篇，其中三大检索论文48篇，CSSCI来源期刊论文14篇；实现专利转让2项。学校积极推进产学研结合，科研成果的应用转化成效良好。
NBUT provides an impetus to the growth of research basis under personal,in view of applied R&D.Available on the campuses are over ten research basis.The 2009 saw the research proceeds in the amount of over 40million RMB,three state Natural Science Fund,5 PNSF projects ,the publication of 282 theses,of which 56 are retrieved into SCI,EI and ISTP,and 14 into CSSCI,along with the transfer of two patents.2008年，为进一步加强学校与地方政府、企业以及高等院校、科研院所之间的联系与合作，启动了“双合作”工作，初见成效。与镇海区签订了全面科技合作协议；与中国社会科学院合作共建国际港口与物流研究中心；与中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所共建专业实验室。
The Double coo-program/Scheme was launched in 2008 to keep in close contact with the local government and the above-mentioned institutions.Agreements were signed covering all round science and Technology Cooperation with Zhenhai district, the jointly-built international sea-ports and logistics research-canteen with China of society science, the jointly-built specialized lib with Ningbo Medical Technology and engineering institute under China of science.学校以应用开发型高级技术人才为培养目标，积极探索“知行合一，双核协同”的人才培养模式。学校注重培养学生的实践能力，组织参加省级以上专业竞赛，屡获佳绩。毕业生深受地方用人单位的欢迎，初次就业率一直保持在95%以上。
Aimed to cultivating the advanced technical talents in applied R&D,NBUT is seeking after about the educational mode of knowledge and practice in “Oneness” and “Double-Kernel Link” students are encouraged to take part in the specialized competition at province level with outstanding awards.Graduates are welcome to local companies.The first employment rate is kept over than 95%.学校广泛开展对外合作，借鉴国外先进经验，强化外向型办学特色。1984年即与亚琛应用科技大学结对，是全国四所中德合作研究院校之一。先后与澳大利亚、德国等多国的大学建立校际合作关系并开展合作办学、师生交流和合作研究。学校设有宁高出国留学服务中心。
NBUT extensive corporation with the foreign university is promote.AS early as 1984,NBUT set up the sister relations with Aachen Applied Te-University ranked among colleges in China for Sino-German join educational program.Bilateral have been earlier or later established with a dozen of universities Australia、German and some other countries in regular of the degree program, exchanges of teacher and students , joint research projects.NG O-S-S is attached NBUT.学校全方位、多层次构建高格调、高水平、高质量的校园文化，着力塑造“知行合一”的办学理念，积极发挥环境育人的功能，努力营造特色鲜明、文明和谐、健康向上的校园文化氛围，全面提高学生综合素质。
Due efforts are distributed to the educational mode” knowledge and practice in oneness,double-kernel link” in the hope of achieving a lofty advanced and harmonious campus culture and training the well-developed students.
第四篇：英语翻译技巧
浅谈英译汉注意事项
1．总的原则（1）翻译时既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯（2）翻译不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻译因死守原文语言形式而损害了原文思想内容。好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一（3）能够直译尽量不意译（4）翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达。现就这一点作进一步论述。
2．结合英文写作特点对语言进行整体理解首先，英文段落的首句一般为topic sentence，然后展开说明。展开的写法有多种，可分可总，可下定义，可同义重复，可以代词复指等。利用这一技巧，先通 读全文，便能更好的理解文章的意思，把握段与段之间的关系，在翻译时就能在上下文中确定词义，从而进行准确的翻译.其次，具体而言：（1）对词的理解可以从构思法、词的搭配关系和词汇之间的逻辑关系等方面入手（2）对句子的理解可以从句子的内在逻辑、成分之间的从属关系和句子的语法组成等方面来实现（3）对于长句，可采用如下译法：顺译法：按照原文顺序译逆续法：顺序与原文顺序相反重复法：重复前一个词 分译法：一个句子分成几个部分来翻译括号法：在译文后加括号进行解释和说明等终合法：综合运用上述各种方法
3．表达 正确理解原文后，还要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。这些技巧有：（1）增词法。根据需要增加一些词语，如名词等（2）减词法。根据汉语习惯，删去一些词（3）肯否表达法。原文为肯定句，译成汉语是为增强修饰效果，可以译为否定句。反之亦然（4）变换法，名词译成动词或动词转译成名词等
（5）分合法。一个长句可分成若干部分来译，或者把原文的几个简单句用一个句子表达出来。
（6）省略法：两种语言由于存在差异，表达时不可能总是对等，经常可以省略一些词和句子成分，如英语中的冠词汉语里没有，译时可以省略4．应试中还应注意的问题（1）词的指代问题要搞清楚（2）汉语知识的应用，如修辞等（3）部分否定和否定重点。部分否定，如not all;否定重点，如I don't teach because I have knowledge.(我并非因为有知识才去教书)。否定重点为because, 而不是teach。（4）虚拟语气。这种语法现象有时并非只表示字面意思，它经常有感情色彩，译时要注意。
（5）要认真地通读全文，根据上下文来确定词义、句意，切不可断章取义，望文生义.5．核对原文 既要核对译文是否准确、通顺，还要注意关键词的采分点。同时不要忘记全文结 构的表达，这部分还有0.5分呢
第五篇：推销理论与技巧公选心得体会
《推销理论与技巧》
心得体会
课程名称：推销理论与技巧 院
系：信息技术学院
班
级：2010级计算机科学与技术（1）班 姓
名： 学
号：
任课教师：马宁老师
昆明学院 《推销理论与技巧》心得体会
一个学期的《推销理论与技巧》公选课程就要结束了，虽然，只是短短的十六周的课堂学习，但是，作为一门思考与实践相结合的课程，在马宁老师的带领下，我收获了许许多多原本课堂上学不到的东西。
什么是推销？推销就是在推销中说服和诱导潜在购买者购买某种商品和服务，从而实现企业营销目标并满足顾客需求的活动。推销可以从狭义和广义来定义，从狭义来说就是：推销就是创造出人们的需求，也就是运用一切可能的方法把产品或服务提供给顾客，使其接受或购买。而从广义来说就是：推销是一种说服、暗示，也是一种沟通、要求。我们的课程内容，大多是从推销的广义释义出发的，在生活中我们无时无刻不用到推销的技巧，在生活中的高覆盖率和高实用性，是我倾心于这门课程的原因之一。
就像马老师说的，善于推销的人士通常都具备五种心态，即学习的心态、老板的心态、积极的心态、感恩的心态以及长远的心态。
学习的心态不是单纯的说听别人讲，看别人的书。最重要的是要有一个空杯的心态。学习之前一定要将知识归零，不要用自己固定的思维去学习和思考问题，如果自己还不是最优秀的，那么，肯定是因为有出问题的地方，而自己却没有发觉而已，往往我们所深信的，就是桎梏我们前进的障碍。另外，学习一定要持之以恒并且重复不断。
老板首先是一个能够独立解决问题的人，其次是一个心胸开阔的人。推销与其他工作不一样，很需要有接受被拒绝的雅量。另外，要自律，要注重自己的个人形象。良好的形象包括内外，首先是做人基本的素质，遵纪守法，讲求文明。外在的形象包括发型皮肤体态着装，都必须至少能让人看得过去。还有就是必须的强烈的成功欲望，只有自己强烈的想要，才能得到，从这个角度讲，心想事成是宇宙法则。
不管发生什么事情，都要积极面对，我觉得，无论什么事情都是好事。塞翁失马，焉知非福。还要有自信心，信心源自对产品、服务的了解和迅速的行动。一定要把主动积极变成一种习惯，变成我们生活中的常态，也就不会觉得难以坚持。
常怀感恩的心，对家人，对朋友。对人诚挚，懂得用真心诚意待人，只有感恩的人才会得到尊重和认同。尽可能多的讲感恩的话，当然不是说要拍马屁，其实，每一个人都不容易，赞美和鼓励下的人拥有更高的工作效率和激情。珍惜身边的亲情和友情和爱情。珍惜才会拥有，感恩才会天长地久。
在日新月异的发展中的社会，我们为人处世需要积极的心态，但是并不能理解为着急。我们需要投资，但不能理解为投机。要善于修建管道，而不要热衷于追寻眼前利益。小聪明是战术，大智慧是战略，小聪明看到的是芝麻，大智慧看到的是西瓜。
有了良好的状态和心态，要有正确的方向，做出一个正确的选择，然后付出不亚于任何人的努力，将成功变成一种习惯。有时候会很忙碌，但是，宁愿因为梦想而无法忙碌，也不要因为忙碌而无法梦想。
推销是一门极具技巧的学问，除了一些大的方向，可能更要注意的是一些细枝末节。在和客户沟通的时候，一个不好的小习惯就有可能颠覆你之前辛苦维护的形象。我曾经看过一个关于原一平的故事，这样一位日本推销界的传奇人物，是凭什么能屹立不倒？有一天晚上，原一平先生洗漱完毕躺在床上准备睡觉，思考总结一天的工作之后发觉还有一位客户没有访问，于是，原一平先生换掉睡衣，梳好头发穿上西装皮鞋打好领带，给客户打了一个电话，然后，脱掉西装皮鞋换上睡衣，睡觉！他妻子说：你疯了，我以为你这样是要出去，谁知道不过是打一个电话！”这就是一个顶级推销员的素质！注意任何可能导致失败的细节，一工作就马上有工作的状态和激情！要想要巅峰的事业，首先必须要有巅峰的状态。
除了给我们讲解有关推销商品产品、理念观点的推销技巧，马老师还悉心教授了有关自我推销的很多内容。自我推销，顾名思义就是讲自己推销给自己想要归属的公司或领导，通常在新职位的面试中占有非常大的比重。自我推销的关键就是让面试人员对自己的印象深一些、再深一些，让面试官发现自己的亮点，这样我们才有机会在条件均等、素质无差的众多的面试应聘者中取得先机，最终赢得机会。但亮点的自然展示是需要自己平时对于文化素质、肢体动作、语言技巧与个人修养的深刻积淀的，这就更要求我们在走上工作岗位以前要努力的完善自我，以万全的准备来迎接不可知的将来，抓住随时可能降临的机遇，最终取得成功。
在学期即将结束的今天，回顾一个学期的课程，我所学到的东西是令我受益终生的。感谢马老师在我们需要学习储备这些必要知识素质的大学学习中给我们带来的重要的课程，我们一定不负众望，以学习这门课程为起点，更加努力的扩充相关知识，提升相关素质，在不远的将来将其运用于我们的工作生活当中，创造价值、创造幸福！
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