第一篇：名师指导考研英语大小作文四大写作技巧
名师指导考研英语大小作文四大写作技巧
2009年09月15日 17:58 来源：人民网教育 在英语的考查中，一般来说涉及到语言输入(input)的项目考生做得比较好，如考研阅读的A，B节和英语知识运用；而涉及到输出(output)的项目成绩一般不十分理想，如作文和翻译。所以，今天重点探讨如何更好地准备考研英语的作文部分，帮助广大考生正确地认识并取得更好的成绩。
考研大作文(20分)的要求是很好地完成了试题规定的任务：包含所有内容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效地采用了多种衔接手段，文字连贯，层次清晰。字数：160—200词。从这个要求可以看出考生需要把重点放在英语的表达上，至于内容是否“立论新颖”或“论证充分”等并不是考察的重点。我们认为，同学们需要从以下四个方面对英语的表达能力加以提高：
第一，单词要尽可能用正式的书面英语，一些口语中的用语需要避免，如要表达“我认为”，我们最好不要用“I think”，而应该选用丰富多样的表达方法，如I believe/ argue/ insist/ maintain/ deem/ As I see it,/ In my opinion,/ From my point of view,/ As to me,/ As for me,/ As regards me,/ When it comes to me,/As far as I am concerned,„等。这样在考试中适当得用上，就可以给阅卷老师留下更好的第一印象。
第二，要尽可能多的使用丰富多样的句型结构，如主语从句，定语从句，状语从句等，因为英语的作者在进行学术性文章写作时这些句型是必不可少的。大家请看下面两个句子然后判断一下优劣：
Sentence 1: Love is important to us.Sentence 2: It goes without saying that love is of the utmost importance to every one of us.可以明显看出，第二句的意思更加丰满，并且可以表明考生对于英语的句型掌握较好。
第三，段落展开时要非常严谨。因为英语是一门逻辑性非常强的语言，所以在写每一个段落时首先需要确定使用什么样的展开方法。如果是用列举法，那么在每一个论据前面一定要加上表示顺序的连接词，如In the first place,„In the second place,„Last but not least,„等，这样可以给阅卷老师一个明确的心理预期，而且也可以向老师表明我们的思维很清晰，使用了衔接手段。
第四，整个文章展开的时候一定要注意三个段落的有机联系。一般来说我们在第一段介绍漫画的画内和画外意思，在第二段中进行展开，然后在第三段做出结论，提出解决问题的方法。
小作文(10分)的写作同学们重点要注意语域和格式两个问题。所谓语域是指我们在跟其他人交流时，因为交际对象的不同，我们需要采用正式、一般和非正式的不同交际方式，这样就需要不同的表达。另外应用文的写作，尤其是书信的写作要注意内容的格式安排，如称呼要左边顶格写，正文要每段开头空四个字符，写完三段后空两行写结尾谦辞并且在下一行署名，而谦辞和署名都要右边顶格写。
第二篇：名师指导.写作技巧
【名师指导】小学写好作文十大技巧，写作文有哪些技巧呢？如何描写人物外貌？如何刻画人物内心？如何写景状物？ 杭州教育发布邀请了杭州市天长小学特级教师蒋军晶的写作教学经验，快学一学吧！
一、写外貌不用
“有”
作文如何写外貌？孩子的作文里总会看到类似这样的句子：“××可漂亮了，她有一头卷卷的黄头发，有一双乌黑的葡萄般的大眼睛，有一个高高的鼻子，还有一张樱桃小嘴。”不太会写作的孩子写人的外貌，是用“有”和“一”来串联五官。
如果你试着让他们去掉文中的“有”，把文字重新串联一遍，会发现作文顺了很多：“××可漂亮啦。一头卷卷的黄头发自然地披在肩上。她的眼睛太吸引人了，乌黑乌黑的葡萄一般。高高的鼻子，和樱桃小嘴配合起来，有点混血的味道，同学们可喜欢她啦。” 这段外貌描写仍有“程式化”的嫌疑，但读起来确实舒服多了。
二、写 “说” 不出现
“说”
写“说”怎样才能不出现“说”？换“道”，换“喊”，换“叮嘱”，这只是一种方法。
可以让孩子比较以下三句话。张三说：“„„”张三无可奈何地说：“„„”张三摊了摊手，一副无可奈何的样子：“„„”显然，让人物说话有多种方式，写语言可以不用出现“说”而是在语言前面加上动作和神态。不要小看这个技巧，很多孩子小学毕业了也不清楚这个写作的“秘密”。通过一定的训练，孩子可以从中学会细节描写
三、写
“想” 不出现 “想”
知道描写心理活动当然是作文进步的一个表现。但很多孩子一写心理就会跳出这样的句子：“我脑子里跳出两个小人，一个小人„„另一个小人„„”
不用这个句子又该怎么写？最常用的就是“我心想”。如某学生写：“数学老师出了一道难题要带回家写的。我心想：‘天哪！这该怎么办呢？’” 但是，很多孩子不知道“我心想”三个字有时可以去掉：“数学老师出了一道难题要带回家写的。天哪！这该怎么办呢？”融入文章的叙述中，照样读得通，并且更简洁了。当然，为了出点效果，可以在心理描写里适当加点感叹词。
四、就是不用成语
作文为什么写不长？很多时候都是成语惹的祸！不是说多用成语才显得有文采吗？
其实不然，当作文中只会按照套路使用成语时，文章细节就没了，文章的个性就没了，文章的真情实感就没了，还不如让孩子老老实实把自己看到的感受都写出来。
什么天高云淡、风和日丽、桃红柳绿、炯炯有神、心旷神怡„„这些被用滥的成语还是少出现为妙。如，写春天别用“风和日丽”，而是这样写：“风儿拂过林梢，原本平静的湖面漾起了圈圈涟漪，湖边的柳树轻摇着身姿，我也忍不住张开双臂，任风抚过我的每一寸肌肤，暖暖的，痒痒的。” 想办法用具体的句子替换掉别人用滥的成语，可以解决孩子作文写不长写不具体的难题。
五、遇到 “很” 和 “非常” 想一想
对于文章写不长的孩子，可以训练的另一个技巧是：遇到“很”和“非常”想一想。
观察学生习作，你会发现出现频率最高的字眼包括“很”“非常”。孩子写作的时候可以提醒孩子，遇到要写这几个字时不要轻易下笔，停下来想一想，是不是非要出现这个字眼？ 比如写热，别出现“很热”两个字，学会用其他的描写来体现热：骄阳似火，没有一丝风，树叶低垂毫无生气„„文章自然就能写长。
六、环境里面有 “真”
“情”
到了五六年级孩子都要学习环境描写。如有的孩子会写：“早上天气还挺好的，放学回家时，却哗哗下起雨来。雨珠在下，泪珠在滴，老天也好像在为我哭泣。”孩子能用环境衬托自己的心情首先要表扬。
但是很多孩子只要一写环境，肯定就是小花微笑、小草点头、小鸟歌唱、小雨哭泣，成了套路，难道世界上只有小草、小鸟、小花吗？ 为什么不能写身边更真实的东西呢？云、雾、桌子，哪怕是电线杆都可以写，这个技巧是提醒孩子不仅要让人活在环境里，还要让人活在真实的环境里。
七、要动词 连着 动词
文章要一波三折才好看，但现在的孩子生活都很平淡，你不能强求他们写出一波三折的内容，那就让他们学会一波三折地使用动词，就这是要动词连着动词——学会连续使用动词。
某学生写一场乒乓球球赛：“他发了一个旋转球，让人看得眼花缭乱。”写运动，“动词”却很少。“要动词连着动词”就是你要千方百计在前后多加几个动词，例如：“只见他高高地将球抛起，眼睛死死盯着，球接触球板的一瞬间，他手腕轻轻一抖，脚一跺，球高速旋转着，向这边飞来，让人看得眼花缭乱。” 一个动词转瞬变成六七个，文字即刻灵动丰富起来。八、一秒钟的事写三百字
还是针对作文写不长的一种技巧训练：用三百字来描写1秒钟内发生的事。如关于破校运会跳高纪录瞬间的描写原本只有几十字：只见某某纵身一跳，一下子飞过横杆，新的校运会纪录诞生了！
怎么变成三百字？可以有条理地加上动作解剖：如何助跑、起跳、翻越、落地；加上联想：往届校运会有人挑战失败，平时如何一次次练习等等；还可以加上细节来充实，起跳前如何与同学们进行眼神交流，成功后同学如何向他祝贺„„ 家长可以找一些一秒钟的素材让孩子进行写作练习，学会了这个技巧还怕考试写不出四五百字吗？ 九、一段话里至少出现 个标点
很多孩子不会用标点，习作中常只有逗号句号逗号句号，甚至逗号都没有，把老师读到断气为止。针对这个现象，可以让孩子进行“一段话至少出现6种标点”的技巧训练。
比如。？！„„：“”这些标点你的作文中都有吗？没有的话请尝试用起来。经过几次训练后，你会发现孩子的惊人变化：意味深长的句子会写了，人物语言会加进去了，心理活动结合进去了，还会用反问句了。一位作家就曾用这种方法对自己作文写不好的孩子进行训练，收效明显，进步很快。
十、字数 “三四五”
这个技巧说白了就是学习写短句。学了一段时间写作的孩子容易在作文中写长句，而长句写不好就变成病句。事实上很多作家也是以写短句见长的，像沈从文、汪曾祺。家长要提醒孩子注意控制每句话的字数，建议把十几个字几十个字的长句改成只有三四五个字的短句，孩子们会发现这样的作文语感会舒服很多。
如某学生的原文：“高高的绿绿的草散发着诱人的清香。一根一根都看得那么清楚，很挺拔的样子。”经指导后改成：“草绿了，高了，散发着清香。一根一根，看得清清楚楚，很挺拔的样子。”是不是很有节奏感？
第三篇：名师指导：2011考研英语作文句型归纳
英语作文句型归纳
一、常用句型套路
1.Although it is commonly(widely/generally)held(felt/accepted/agreed)that…, it is unlikely to be true that…
尽管大家普遍地(广泛地/通常地)认为(感觉/接受/同意)。。，但事实上并非如此。。
2.It is true that(True, /To be sure, /Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say(it is unlikely /it doesn’t follow/it doesn’t mean/it won’t be the case)that…
真实情况是/当然。。，但是这并不等于说(不太可能/并不会/并不意味着/并非如此)。。
3.It would be possible(natural/reasonable)to think(believe/take the view)that…, but it would be absurd(wrong)to claim(argue)that… 这么认为(相信/持这种观点)。。是有可能(自然的/合理的)，但如果断言(坚决主张)。。就是荒唐的(错误的)
4.There is absolutely(in fact)no(every)reason for us to believe(accept/resist/reject)that… 对于我们来说绝对(事实上)没有任何理由相信(接受/反对/拒绝)。。
5.The danger(problem/fact/truth/point)is that… 危险的(问题/事实/真相/关键)是。。
6.I believe that the title statement is valid because(of)… 我相信题目的这种说法是有充分根据的，因为。。
7.I agree with the above statement because I believe that… 我同意上述观点，因为我相信。。
8.Although I appreciate that…, I cannot agree with the title statement.尽管我赞成。。，但我并不同意题目中的说法。
9.Now it is commonly(widely/generally/increasingly)believed(thought /held/accepted/felt/recognized/acknowledged)that… But I wonder(doubt)whether… 现在，尽管大家普遍地(广泛地/通常地/越来越)相信(认为/支持/承认/感觉/意识到/接受)。。，但我想知道(怀疑)。。
10.The increase(change/failure/success)in…mainly(largely/partly)results from(arises from/is because of)… 这种在。。方面的增长(变化/失败/成功)主要(很大程度上/部分地)因为(源于/因为)。。11.There are many(different/several/a number of/a variety of)causes(reasons)for this dramatic(marked/significant)growth(change/decline/increase)in… First, … Second, …Finally,… 有很多(不同的/几个/许多/各种各样的)理由(原因)导致在。。方面强烈的(明显的/显著的)增长(变化/下降/增加)。。第一。。第二。。最后。。
12.Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that… 我质疑上述观点的另一个原因是。。
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13.There are numerous reasons why…, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.有很多原因导致。。，我在这里只想详细叙述最重要的几点。
二、议论文的常用套语
1.As is known to all, it is important to be/do … 众所周知，重要的是。。2.I think there are at least two reasons for … 我认为至少有两个原因。。
3.For one thing,… For another , … 其中之一，另一个是。。4.Let’s take … for example … 我们以。。为例。。
5.From what I have mentioned above we can see that without … we cannot …
从上述我提到的可以看出如果缺少。。我们就不能。。6.It is clear that,… plays an important part in … 很明显。。在。。方面起着重要作用。7.It is because … that … 因为。。
8.Different people, however , have different opinions on this matter.Some people think that … 但是，不同人对待这个事情上有不同的看法。有些人认为。。9.Others argue that … 另一些人认为。。
10.According to them, all of us should … 按照上述内容，我们全部都应当。。11.In their opinion, nobody can … without… 他们认为，如果没有。。没有人可以。。
12.Compared with …, … has a lot of advantages over … 与。。相比。比。。有很多优势。
13.There is no doubt that … 毫无疑问。。14.In short(In brief /In a word), I firmly support the view that … 简而言之(简要的说/一句话)，我坚定地支持。。的观点。15.So my conclusion is that … 所以，我的结论是。。
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第四篇：名师指导：2011考研英语作文句型归纳
考研英语作文对于绝大多数考研的学生来说其实不是特别难复习的部分，只要花费一定的时间就可以取得理想的分数。作文更看重考生平时的积累，比如一些常用词汇、常用句式、常用短语等，所以万学海文辅导专家建议2011年的广大考生在复习英语作文的时候，多积累一些常用句型并结合一些练习提高自己的写作水平。下面，就为大家罗列出常用句型套路和议论文的常用写作套语，希望能够对2011年的考生有所帮助。
一、常用句型套路
1.Although it is commonly(widely/generally)held(felt/accepted/agreed)that…, it is unlikely to be true that…
尽管大家普遍地(广泛地/通常地)认为(感觉/接受/同意)。。，但事实上并非如此。。
2.It is true that(True, /To be sure, /Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say(it is unlikely /it doesn’t follow/it doesn’t mean/it won’t be the case)that…
真实情况是/当然。。，但是这并不等于说(不太可能/并不会/并不意味着/并非如此)。。
3.It would be possible(natural/reasonable)to think(believe/take the view)that…, but it would be absurd(wrong)to claim(argue)that…
这么认为(相信/持这种观点)。。是有可能(自然的/合理的)，但如果断言(坚决主张)。。就是荒唐的(错误的)
4.There is absolutely(in fact)no(every)reason for us to believe(accept/resist/reject)that…
对于我们来说绝对(事实上)没有任何理由相信(接受/反对/拒绝)。。
5.The danger(problem/fact/truth/point)is that…
危险的(问题/事实/真相/关键)是。。
6.I believe that the title statement is valid because(of)…
我相信题目的这种说法是有充分根据的，因为。。
7.I agree with the above statement because I believe that…
我同意上述观点，因为我相信。。
8.Although I appreciate that…, I cannot agree with the title statement.尽管我赞成。。，但我并不同意题目中的说法。
9.Now it is commonly(widely/generally/increasingly)believed(thought /held/accepted/felt/recognized/acknowledged)that… But I wonder(doubt)whether…
现在，尽管大家普遍地(广泛地/通常地/越来越)相信(认为/支持/承认/感觉/意识到/接受)。。，但我想知道(怀疑)。。
10.The increase(change/failure/success)in…mainly(largely/partly)results from(arises from/is because of)…
这种在。。方面的增长(变化/失败/成功)主要(很大程度上/部分地)因为(源于/因为)。。
11.There are many(different/several/a number of/a variety of)causes(reasons)for this dramatic(marked/significant)growth(change/decline/increase)in… First, … Second, …Finally,…
有很多(不同的/几个/许多/各种各样的)理由(原因)导致在。。方面强烈的(明显的/显著的)增长(变化/下降/增加)。。第一。。第二。。最后。。
12.Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that…
我质疑上述观点的另一个原因是。。
13.There are numerous reasons why…, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.有很多原因导致。。，我在这里只想详细叙述最重要的几点。
二、议论文的常用套语
As is known to all, it is important to be/do …
众所周知，重要的是。。
I think there are at least two reasons for …
我认为至少有两个原因。。
For one thing,… For another , …
其中之一，另一个是。。
Let’s take … for example …
我们以。。为例。。
From what I have mentioned above we can see that without … we cannot …
从上述我提到的可以看出如果缺少。。我们就不能。。
It is clear that,… plays an important part in …
很明显。。在。。方面起着重要作用。
It is because … that …
因为。。
Different people, however , have different opinions on this matter.Some people think that …
但是，不同人对待这个事情上有不同的看法。有些人认为。。
Others argue that …
另一些人认为。。
According to them, all of us should …
按照上述内容，我们全部都应当。。
In their opinion, nobody can … without…
他们认为，如果没有。。没有人可以。。
Compared with …, … has a lot of advantages over …
与。。相比。比。。有很多优势。
There is no doubt that …
毫无疑问。。
In short(In brief /In a word), I firmly support the view that …
简而言之(简要的说/一句话)，我坚定地支持。。的观点。
So my conclusion is that …
所以，我的结论是。。
第五篇：2013考研英语大小作文-万能
2013 年考研英语大小作文万能模板
考研英语小作文万能模板
书信类：
一、.咨询信 ★★★★★
写作模式：写信目的+介绍背景+询问详情+表示谢意，期盼回复
Dear Sir or Madam，As a „„, I am writing to ask if „„.„„.I appreciate it if you could „„/I will be looking forward to hearing from you soon.两句皆可）
Truly yours，Xiao xiang
二、投诉信 ★★★★★
写作模式：提出投诉+具体投诉内容+要求
Dear Sir or Madam，I write this to place a complaint against „„/ I venture to write to complain about „„（两句皆可）the quality of „„I bought „„.During „„ has been in my possession, problems have emerged one after another.For one thing，„„, For another，„„.Therefore，wish you would look into occurrence immediately and send me a replacement as soon as I possible.or I will demand a refund.Yours，Xiao xiang
三、邀请信 ★★★★★
写作模式：发出邀请+说明事由+说明活动地点、时间+表示期待、感谢 邀请信分为发出的邀请信和回复别人的邀请信。一发出的邀请信 分为邀请名人和邀请参加聚会.⑴ 请名人
Dear „„，We should be very grateful if you could „„/May I take the opportunity to you to „„.（两句皆 可）.Please let me know as soon as possible if you come and when you will be able to make it.Sincerely，Xiao xiang ⑵ 请参加聚会 Dear „„，I wonder if there is any chance for you to come to …….It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you.……I am glad to tell you that …….There are also arrangements for ……, which I am sure you will thoroughly enjoy.The dinner starts at …… so that we can have a nice and long evening.I would love for you to attend, so pleasure let me know your decision.Love，Xiao xiang
（3）回复别人的邀请信 ：一般情况下为拒绝别人的邀请信
Dear „„，It，s an honor for me to be invited, but I deeply regret being unable to „„.„„.I do hope I can have a chance to visit „„.Regretfully，Xiao xiang
（此种写信格式为顶格式写作 在考研英语作文中比较少见 但不失为一种新颖的写作方法 可借鉴）另：附邀请信参考句式： ①It would give me/us great pleasure to have your presence at the Reception /Dinner/Ceremony to be held on „„(date)at „„（place）at „„（time）.②It is my pleasure, on behalf of „„, to invite you to visit our university for a week/to present a key-note speech on „„.③We are having /planning a „„ on „„(date)and we think it would be a good idea if you can join us.2 ★★★
四、致歉信 ★★★
写作模式: 表示歉意+说明理由+提出弥补措施+请求原谅
Dear Sir or Madam，I regret to tell you that I won t be able to „„.Consequently, I wish to know if it would be possible for you to „„.I apologize for any inconvenience I have caused, and thank you for your understanding.You can contact me at „„, or call me at „„.Yours Sincerely，五、感谢信 ★★★
写作模式: 表示感谢+说明事由+再次表示感谢
Dear „„，Please accept my thanks for the very pleasant time I spent together with you for „„, I very much appreciated your hospitality.„„.I know the beautiful day will keep me happy for a long time.Thanks again for your warm hospitality and goodbye!I hope I can return your favors at „„very soon.Cordially，Sincerely，Xiao xiang
Xiao xiang
六、推荐信 ★★★★★
写作模式:
To whom It May Concern,(解释为相关负责人)In reply to „„(人名)request for a letter of recommendation, I have great pleasure to write this letter in his favor.„„(人名)was working with me for „„(three、four)years in the capacity of confidential clerk.We are once very good working terms.„„(人名)left me just because „„.During the years he was in my service, his work was highly appreciated bye everyone in my firm.He was conscientious to his work and responsible for his clients.I am sure you will find him strictly honest hardworking and intelligent in the best sense of the word, as I found his here.Yours Sincerely，Xiao xiang
七、辞职信 ★★★
写作模式: 提出辞职+说明原因、表示遗憾或感谢+期盼回复
Dear „„，I am writing to inform you of my intention of withdrawing form my current position in „„.Thank you very much for having given me this opportunity to take such a promising position in …….Though having …….I, unfortunately, find that…….First of all, ……, moreover, …….Therefore, I decided to quit this position after careful consideration.I wish you will considek my request.I apologize in advance for any inconvenience it might bring to you.Yours Sincerely，Xiao xiang
另：附辞职信参考句式： ①Looking back upon „„.②my present job doesn,t fall in with my previous training and strength.③However, As a young man whose primary interest is „„ rather than „„.④I have had a very happy and enjoyable time working with you and other colleagues, from whom I have received lots of help and have learnt much.⑤Please accept my sincere gratitude, as much as my regret for not being able to serve here any longer.⑥I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to „„.八、求职信 ★★★ ★★★
写作模式: 自我介绍、说明求职原因+表示个人能力、经历及求职动机+希望取得面试机会、表示感谢
Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to apply for the position of „„ you advertised in yesterday,s „„.To briefly introduce myself, I am a graduate student of „„university majoring in ……, and 4 expect graduation this June, not only have I excellent academic performance in all courses, I also posses the rich experience of …… My interactive personal skill and teamwork spirit are also appropriate for this post.My complete resume is attached.I would be grateful if you could arranger an interview at your earlist convenience.Yours Sincerely，Xiao xiang
九、请求信 ★★★
写作模式: 介绍自己、提出请求+说明原因及其它事项+表达协议、期盼回复
Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing in the hope of your assistance to/ I would like to apply for „„/ I wonder if and you could spare some time to „„.(三句皆可)„„.Thank you for your time and patience./ Thank you for your consideration.I am looking forward to your reply./Looking forward to a prompt reply form you.(三句皆可)
Sincerely Yours，Xiao xiang
十、建议信 ★★★
写作模式: 自我介绍、说明目的+委婉提出建议及改进措施或提出忠告+礼貌地总结或期盼回复
To whom It May Concern,(解释为相关负责人)
As a „„, I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always.Meanwhile, I feel that it would be benifical to express my views concerning „„.In the first place, „„.I would also recommend „„.Last but not least, „„.I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration.Yours Sincerely，Xiao xiang
十一、贺信 ★★★★★
写作模式: 说明事由并表达自己衷心的祝贺+展开评论事件、赞扬收信人+再次表达良好祝愿
Dear „„，I am much delighted to learn that „„.This is a special and happy moment for you and proud of your achievement.„„.not only „„, but also „„.I believe this position will be a new beginning, a chance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way for a brilliant future career.Please accept my most sincere congratulations!Best wishes，Yours Sincerely，Xiao xiang
十二、订购信★★
订购信一般用于订购某种货物或机票、车票，属于事务信件。在书写订购信的时候，最重要的是要清新明白地说明所要订购的对象的数量、价格、规格等等，如果是机票、车票等，则须说明出发地、目的地、出发时间等。此外，写明你自己的名字、地址、邮编，以及你期望的送货方式等也是非常重要的。要避免写冗长的句子，因为此类信函以传达信息为主，所以能让对方明白你的意图是最重要的。
下面是一封订购飞机票的信函： Dear Sir or Madam:
I am on an urgent mission and want to get to Hong Kong as soon as possible.Please reserve for me a seat in the plane leaving Guangzhou for Hong Kong at 8 a.m.tomorrow.A seat by the window in the economic section is preferred.I shall be very grateful if you would deliver the ticket to Room 418 of the Baiyun Hotel where I am staying.If there is no seat available at 8 a.m.tomorrow, please inform me as soon as possible, so that I can change a flight.Thank you very much!
Yours faithfully，Steve Brown
十三、投诉信★★★
投诉信一般是针对质量低劣的产品或者服务，其送寄对象应该是对方主管部门的负责人。写投诉信的目的是为了让对方同情你的遭遇或者碰到的问题，继而给出你所期望的解决方法。因此，写这类信件最重要的一点是要实事求是，一定要遵守“简明、公正”的原则，切勿夸大其词，引起对方的反感。
投诉信中应该包含的内容有：你所投诉的问题；该问题给你造成的不良后果；与投诉有关的重要依据，如商品简要说明、购买日期地点等；你所希望的解决方法和最后结果。此外，还可以向对方建议解决问题的最后日期，并表示对所投诉问题的妥善解决充满信心。
投诉信一般可分为三段：第一段说明信的主要意思，即提出要解决的问题，以及解决问题的重要性；第二段可以解释一下详细的情况，提出与投诉有关的重要依据；最后一段一般是提建议，说出你所期望的解决方法。
以下是一封样信：
Dear Sir，Enclosed is one sample of the envelopes which your delivery truck left in our office yesterday.We wish, however, to exchange them for the correct size, or obtain a refund.When our supply secretary selected and purchased official envelopes in your store last week on December 12, she asked that size L be sent to our office.The size we received is small, and of course it does not serve our needs.The sales receipt is #3968, dated December 12, written by salesclerk #189.Please send us the correct size L envelopes in exactly the same style and color, or if this is not available now, cash refund of $ 50.50.Thank you very much..Sincerely yours，Li Ming
十四、捐助信★★
写作模式：向有关部门提出捐助申请，申明捐助对象和理由，明确捐助方式或内容，期盼回复。
To whom it may concern，I am writing to offer aid to …….How can I aid ……..? When I saw …….on television , it seemed
as through I also heard the voices of their hearts asking for help.I want to do whatever I can do to help ……..I would particularly like to donate ……..Thank you for taking my contribution into consideration.Please notify me when you find a suitable recipient , and send me his/her detailed information.Sincerely yours，Li Ming 其他应用文：
便笺类 告示类
一、通知二、三、四、五、六、海报
启事（招聘、寻物、招领、征稿、更正）演讲稿 备忘录 便条
以上（其他应用文）详见模拟练习复印版~
2013年考研英语大作文模板
2013考研英语大作文三大类模板，出题基本上在这三种类型，需要提醒大家的是：模板并不是作文，需要灵活运用才能拿更高分。
分类一：不利于社会的现象 92-沟通 97-吸烟
98-虚假承诺 99-人口增长与环境 00-过度捕捞 06-偶像崇拜 05-孝顺 11-环保
分类二：自身发展所需的品质 94-交友 96-健康
03-独立能力 04-发展
07-自信与挑战 08-互助合作 12-乐观态度
分类三：好坏分论 91-城乡居住 93-电视广告 09-网络
分类三：好现象 95-希望工程 01-爱心
02-10-文化交流
模板一（分类一）
As is vividly/symbolically depicted in the picture/cartoon,we can notice that____ Through the thought-provoking illustration, the drawer aims to point out that attention has to be paid to ___.(解释现象,一两句话足矣).There is no telling how our future will precisely be if we allow this phenomenon continue as it is, however, absolutely will it be a prospect horrifies everyone.By that time, social stability will on the edge of precipice.So to sum up, it is imperative for us to envisage realities and take effective measures before the situation turns from bad to worse.For one thing, our authorities should exercise strict control over___.(___).For another, we should cultivate the awareness of people that ___ is very vital to us.(___).As is often the case, it is our unconscious behavior that aggravate the problem.Only in this way can we curb the current evil phenomenon revealed in the picture and develop a harmonious social atmosphere.附上一些句子可以用在模板中：
1: To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we should reject the false behaviour and comply with the code of conduct consciously.2: behaviors which harm public order or violate social ethics 3: we should respect the surrounding w living in and behavior as a literate person.4: Nowadays, the absence of fundamental social ethic of many, if not the most, people may lead to a serious consequence.5: 道德方面 ___has always been the traditional virtue of Chinese culture for thousands of years.模板二（分类二）
As is vividly/symbolically depicted in the picture/cartoon,we can notice that____.[The caption in the drawing reads:"".] [Which may open the door to success.] Undoubtedly, through the thought-provoking illustration, the drawer aims at reminding us the significance of ___.Owing to te quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, and this makes it easier for us to encounter difficulties on our way to success.Then we need ___ to surmount the challenge.Once a person lose___,he can hardly attain success.(例子，实例或虚例).When all factors are considered, we may safely come to the conclusion that ___ really count in this competitive society.It deserves more attention and praising from the public.For one thing, our authorities should publicize the noble story of eminent people who attain outstanding achievement in their career, and set good examples for the children.For another, parents and teachers should cultivate children 's concept of the significance of ___ since childhood.例子：For instance, when we come to a difficulty in our study, work and life.[We should strengthen our mind, which will lead to a powerful impetus, to solve the problem.] Thus we will take a solid step towards success.Also, when we look back to history, we can find that the elitists____.模板三（分类三）
As is vividly/symbolically depicted in the picture/cartoon,we can notice that____.Through the thought-provoking illustration, the drawer aims to point out the advantages and disadvantages of ___.As ___ is playing an increasing important role in our daily life nowadays.Just like a coin has two sides, ___ is a two-edged weapon.On one hand, ___.On the other hand, ___.So to sum up, it is imperative for us to take effective measures aims at the disadvantages ___ bring to us.For one thing, our authorities should exercise strict control over ___.Person who attempt to destroy the normal order of ___ should be punished seriously, thus to establish a healthy ___ culture.For another, we should cultivate ourselves the capability of distinguishing right from wrong and utilize ___ moderately.Thus, we will enjoy a better life and develop a harmonious society.出题基本上在前三种类型，但分类四也不能丢。另外模板并不是作文，需要灵活运用才能拿更高分。
另不好现象中也有可以正面出题的题型，例如05-孝顺11-环保，但一般来说从反面写作容易些，就算给的图阐释的是一个好现象也可以从反面论述。但正面论述也要练习几篇。
附加篇： 从类型上： 1.图画作文
It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题)，which is ______________(进一步的说明)。He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节)。In my opinion，___________(个人阐述)。
This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race)。Therefore，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在)。One the one hand，we must _________________(建议一)。It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明)。On the other hand，________________(建议二)Only in this way can we___________(展望前景)。2.图表作文
The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题)。The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点)。This means that as __________，_________________(进一步说明)。
We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一)。After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化)，the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)。The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二)。(数据位置，如In the second column)，we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述)。
Judging from these figures，we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论)。The reason for this，as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因)。/ It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议)3.利弊型作文
Recently the issue of whether or not______(讨论话题)has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.There are two major arguments that can be made for_________.For one thing，__________can bring ____ to_____________(优点一)。For another，it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(优点二)。But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________，among which are ____________(列举缺点)。For instance，it can be __________to _____________(举例说明)。In addition，many people find it ________(形容词)to _______________(第二个缺点)When asked to __________，I tend to ____________.This is because I _______________(原因一)。Furthermore，_______________________(原因二)。Finally，______________(原因三)。4.展望未来型
The effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.First，__________________(影响一)。More importantly，________________(影响二)。Hence，I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Nevertheless，I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)There are numerous reasons why ____，and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here.The first is that the more(比较级)_____，the more(比较级)。In addition，we all aGREe that________________________(第二个原因)*提纲式命题作文
提纲式作文既有论说文，也有议论文。它主要考查的内容为：说明主题，分析原因或解释做法。例如：1995年的试题“希望工程”中提纲的要求是：(1)Present situation.(2)Necessity of the project.(3)My suggestion.它要求考生解释说明“希望工程”，分析开展希望工程的意义和原因，联系考生自己提出一些建议或具体的做法。从提纲的要求上看，提纲式命题作文对联系社会的要求不是很多，写作难度也相对较小。它要求考生在正确理解题意的基础上，根据提纲去选择素材。提纲提供了每段的段落大意，在开展论述时不能偏离提纲或改变内容。提纲一般为三部分，考生应针对提纲采用三段的结构来开展文章。如：
Nowadays，China’s economy is fast developing.People’s living standard has improved a lot.In some areas，however，there are still many people living below the poverty line.They have difficulties for the very basics like food and clothes，let alone getting good education.What can we do to help these less developed areas in our country? I think we can do the following things.First of all，the government and our society must pay more attention to these less developed areas.The government should spend more money on the basic construction projects in these areas instead of spending it on cultural and artistic projects in cities.It should also encourage some private enterprises and companies to donate to these poor areas.Secondly，transportation is very important in less developed areas.We should help them build more railways and more roads so that the local people can benefit from the convenient transportation.It can also promote their communication with developed areas.Finally，technology is necessary in developing economy in these areas.Poor farmers should be taught technology and new skills and should have easier access to money in the bank，such as getting loans to start businesses.All in all，so long as we continue our efforts to help these less developed areas，these areas will shake off poverty sooner or later.再如：
Directions：
Write an article to an English newspaper discussing laid-off workers and re-employment in China.In your article you should(1)describe briefly the present situation of unemployment，(2)analyze the causes of it，(3)give advice for re-employment.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.范文：
There is an increasing number of workers，not only the middle-aged but also the young who are laid off from their jobs.Some laid-offs thus become poverty-stricken and can hardly support their children to continue their studies.And those employed are also worried a great deal that someday they may lose their jobs.This phenomenon has caught great attention in society.In order to maintain social stability，many re-employment service centers are being set up to give the laid-offs a helping hand.The increasing number of laid-off workers is caused mainly by the industrial restructuring and economic development across the country.In market economy，the enterprises have to reduce workforce or the redundant.Another reason is that some enterprises claim bankruptcy owing to their poor management and backward product structure，which made millions of workers jobless.Laborers from the countryside are also contributing to the increasing numbers of the laid-offs.Off-job doesn’t mean no job.There are plenty of opportunities for the laid-off workers to be re-employed.Take Shanghai for example，the city is developing into an international economic center，shifting its old labor intensive industries out of the city and replacing them with new enterprises.But there is a fundamental requirement for the laid-offs if they want to be enrolled in these new posts.They must have certain skills.To many laid-off workers，they have to get job training to make themselves qualified and competitive in the human resources market.从主题上： 5.网络问题
In recent years，people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet.As is vividly depicted in the picture，it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line，either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work‘s needs.Actually on-line visiting has become a routine activity in our everyday life.However，it seems rather ironic to use a chain instead of normal wire to connect with the mouse in this picture.The exaggerative and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet.Discussion on the duality has become very popular in newspapers or in people‘s chats.On the one hand，no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life.People from all walks of life are benefiting considerably from its powerful function of information communication.But on the other hand，a GREat many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle.Cyber-living resembles the experience of looking constantly into a kaleidoscope which displays both colored patterns and illusions.Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in their life and work.Accordingly，it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence.For one thing，college students in expanding numbers get on line every day to learn the news，to study English by registering for web courses，to exchange information through e-mails with their net friends and to download their favorite music，FLASH，film and pictures.Being veteran on-line shoppers，they frequently purchase books，CDs at much lower prices.For another，once indulged in the fictitious world，people can barely concentrate on real life.Consequently，many students just chat on line or play computer games immoderately everyday，skipping many essential classes.After all，Internet is invented to enrich our life，to connect you and me，and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain.6.环境问题
the pictures symbolically illustrate pollution is becoming increasingly serious around the globe.In the first cartoon，a man is scorching the earth on a chimney.In the second one，a famous ancient Chinese poet，Wang Bo is astonished by the heavy smoke poured by chimneys into the air and dirty river polluted by a factory.We are informed that “the autumn river is the same color with the sky”。the drawer is sending a message about the significance of the need for everyone to fight against the danger of environmental pollution.There is no denying that the industry is indications of civilization，proGREss and development.Unfortunately，as industry develops，so will the number of factories，and the amount of industry pollutants.We are so development-oriented that we almost can sacrifice our blue sky and pure water in order to obtain a little material gain.As a consequence，it is imperative for us to take drastic actions.On the one hand，the factories should be equipped with devices which can dispose of waste gas and water so as to prevent them from polluting our planet.On the other hand，there should be an increasingly loud voice from the public for firm actions against poisonous gas sent off and unhealthy water polluted by factories.7.环境保护类
模板1：
This is a very interesting piece of cartoon, in thanks to.Hence,.Though being a little exaggerating, the cartoon illuminates a serious fact that , and for that matter,.A recent report also supported this view by.On the contrary, we are sad to perceive that.Therefore, in my opinion, it is already high time for the whole world to form a solid cooperation fighting against , because not a single government or person can be exempt from its harm.A series of down-to-earth measures need to be urgently implemented to control.(参见范文2)
模板2：
Nowadays, lots of people have the illusion that.Just as what is shown in the picture,.This is a very serious social problem.Compared with other countries, China.If everybody behaves in this way, it would be far beyond the country’s capacity to.Moreover, it was reported that.Meanwhile,.Also,.Though , it is never the only way.What’s important, to solve these problems depends largely on our responsibility for society and environment.If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, the achievement of harmony between man and the environment will not be far away.(参见范文7)
Ø 功能II：论证观点
这种类型的文章主要分析论证一些具体的观点。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容，第二段提出观点、进行理论分析和事例分析，第三段总结观点、表明态度。8.职业道德
the cartoons vividly depict people in expanding numbers are engaged in open and rampant cheating in business.In the first drawing，a boy has no courage to have dinner in front of delicious foods in that there may exist pesticide pollution or poisonous elements in the foods.In the second picture，the administrative office，salesmen，breeding families and forage shops are laughing at the hanging of a poisonous duck.Professional dishonesty has a very damaging effect.In the first place，since cheating in business reveals the moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakness of those businessmen who engage in it，the dishonest practice will ultimately exerts a perverse influence on the whole society.In the second place，it not only puts honest businessmen at a competitive disadvantage，encouraging those who did not cheat to adopt similar practices later，but undermines the very foundation of professional ethics in business.模板1：
We can see from the picture that , but.If , he would surely express.There are three reasons to explain why it happens to.Firstly, , which resulted from.Secondly, though ,.Consequently,.Thirdly,.I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon.Firstly, we need to endeavor to advocate.Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society.Only through the combined efforts can we eliminate this “tumor” forcefully and completely.(参见范文6)
模板2：
As is shown in the cartoon,.Take in the cartoon for example.This phenomenon appears commonly in our daily life.Nowadays,.Instead, they only try their best to Such deeds not only , but also.Therefore, it is of great significance to take actions to change this phenomenon.First and foremost,.In addition,.All these steps can help guarantee a solid economic order and a harmonious society.(参见范文8)
It is often painful to impose sanctions in a specific case.But it is worthwhile.For one thing，to eliminate professional dishonesty thoroughly，serious forms of punishment for a willful offense—a suspension of the offender from business—should be applied.For another，since the incentives to engage in cheating in business are mainly due to a lack of adequate precautions，drastic actions should be taken to prevent one form of cheating or another.9、身体健康类
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The picture.What is strikingly noticeable is , but it can be easily explained by shown in the picture.The discernable unhealthiness discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in the China’s.One the one hand,.On the other hand,.As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture tells us.The situation is rather depressing because , and it is largely owing to.To solve the problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend , and those who should be rewarded with good living and working conditions.(参见范文2)
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In the picture, we are amazed to find that.It clearly tells us that in the domain of , there are.has long been a problem since , and are turning to be an increasingly severe problem because of.Besides, there are more reasons responsible for this issue.Firstly,.Secondly,.Thirdly,.Judging from the analysis above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting problem demands effective counter-measures.Most importantly, the government needs to implement sufficiently relevant laws and regulations in order to enhance the strength of.In addition, all residents should be aware of.(参见范文8)
10、人口增长类
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The picture depicts a scene in which.The scene is presented in an artistic and ironic manner.Crowds of people are crammed in.Further examination reveals that.Apparently, the picture symbolizes that humans, with such a huge population, may one day suffer from the exhaustion of earth resources.Take for example.Given the fact that , we find that.To make it worse,.If the conflict between population boom and shortage of resources is not properly controlled, we have every reason to hold a pessimistic perspective towards human’s future on Earth.Perhaps eventually we would face the situation suggested by the picture, that is,.Accordingly, I strongly recommend that the whole globe launch aggressive programs to address this fatal contradiction.(参见范文3)
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Basically, what we see in this cartoon is.The interestingly echos the.while we can imagine.We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to the present exploding world population.The striking point is that.As a result,.On the contrary,.The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole of human race..Hence, mankind should cooperate worldwide to control population by effective measures, in order to secure the prosperity of our future on this planet.(参见范文2)
11、情感类
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As is shown in the picture above,.Obviously from we can surmise that.It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of.As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance,.Additionally, we can also hear many stories about.Not to mention those moving cases of.All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a.By , people not only harvest , but also gain that can never be purchased via money.(参见范文7)
模板2： , just as is depicted in the picture.It is not difficult to find that in today’s society, more and more people begin to.It is rather good news to.The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,.Moreover, there are.In addition, we should not forget.is a good way to express human love.To some extent, it also reflects individuals’ sense of social responsibility.It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is.Therefore, I strongly advocate that.I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of.这种类型的文章主要描述一些现象并具体分析解释现象的原因等。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容，第二段分析该现象的原因、意义等，第三段总结观点、或提出建议。
12文化交流类
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It is a very eye-catching photo in which.What makes this picture extraordinary is , which clearly indicates.The sense of that permeates this picture is representative of , that is, , and therefore,.China, in particular,.The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by.While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary.is not only featured by , but more importantly, by.I firmly believe that is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity.(参见范文1)
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What is presented here is a very interesting scenario..From the subtitle we can infer that.Conspicuously,.We can deduce from the picture that.It partly owes to , and partly to.Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous evidence demonstrating.For example,.From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witness.To sum up,.As for China,.Therefore, I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures.13、教育类
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As the title indicates, “ ”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that.It is discernable that.The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is,.That is to say,.Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects.Firstly,.Secondly,.Last but not the least,.In my point of view, , but it is only part of the picture.On the other hand,.Therefore, it is an urgent task to.As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.模板2：
The picture shows.symbolizes.As is quoted in the picture,.It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— in contrast with.One the one hand, the problem partially attributes to.Sometimes.On the other hand,.For example, , while.In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures that can show immediate effect.proves to be most beneficial to students.Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this issue.14、人生价值类
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As the old Chinese saying goes,.It echoes with this picture in which.The title of the picture further points out that.The picture is meant to.As far as I am concerned, I think.This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of , where.A brief survey of history about also demonstrates the fundamental importance of., for example,.The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from.模板2：
From the picture we can perceive that.What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that.It is known to all that , but it seems.The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that.Ultimately, the trend boils down to.Accordingly,.To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking.In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating.First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus that.Besides, an awareness of should be infused into everybody’s mind.15、家庭关系类
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The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene.The artist purposefully exaggerates.This picture reveals the in-depth problem of.In fact,.There are two reasons for this.The first and perhaps most important is that.The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view..It owes to.In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our.What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that,.Therefore, I strongly contend that.模板2：
There is a popular Chinese song, named “ ”, which encourages.However, the in the picture does but for a very different reason—.From the facial expression of we can read.Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today’s society, for which are responsible.For one thing,.For another,.As a matter of fact, the boosting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnesses a deterioration of.The above analysis is best exemplified by.In my opinion, the awareness of is elementary for paving the way towards success.16、社会热点类
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The two pictures illustrate vividly.In the left picture , while in the right.From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of.Aside from , another telling example is , which was so successful in that.The pictures also make it obvious that we should.Admittedly, it is natural that.Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to.In my opinion, what’s the more important is to.In short,.(参见范文1)
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It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem:.In this drawing,.Even.It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of.Though the drawing is a little exaggerating, it is not rare for us to find in.If we let this situation of continues, it not only harms , but also prevents.Accordingly, we urgently call for.Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations, it still failz to.In my opinion, this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits.I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as possible.比较不同事物或者同一事物的不同方面的文章模板：
一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容、提出问题，第二段列举和分析对于该问题的不同看法和观点、进行对比和比较，第三段阐明自己的观点和看法。
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According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that.In the left picture,.A the same time, as the right one shows.Different people have different views on.Some people support by claiming that.In their opinion,.In addition,.Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who.Their reasons are quite different, sometimes for , sometimes for , sometimes simply for.In my point of view, both sides are partly right.To thoroughly analyze this problem, we should take into consideration of all relevant aspects, so as to make the right decision.Therefore, my conclusion would be that.模板2：
From the drawing, we can learn that.It can be seen easily that..We can deduce from that people’s opinion on vary from person to person.Some people take it for granted that.For example, they firmly believe that.But they often neglect that fact that.Yet there are also another group of people who hold a different point of view.They think that.Beside,.Personally, my attitude for this matter is positive, with reasons as follows.Firstly,.Moreover,.Lastly,.Therefore,.
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