精读教案4[推荐5篇]

第一篇：精读教案4

Unit 4 Jobs and occupations Teaching Time: six periods Part I Pre-learning I.Teaching Aims

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: A.Understand the relationship between personal progress and job-hopping B.Know how to describe one’s occupation C.Master words of job occupation II.Teaching Important and Difficult Points Cultural Background Some factors you need to mention in your letter of application.1.To explain where the applicant has got the information about the vacancy.For example, he can learn it from his friends, or in the advertisement, or in some papers.SAMPLE: Having noticed the enclosed advertisement in this morning's South China Daily, I wish to apply for the position of sales manager.2.To present personal information.This part should be a description of the applicant’s age, sex, education, working experience and specialty.It is in this section that the applicant presents his advantages or qualifications for the position.Details are encouraged, but the applicant should bear it in mind that exaggeration or false descriptions are not allowed in the letter.SAMPLE: I am 21 years of age.After graduating from high school, I took a two-year business course in Foshan Commercial School, studying both bookkeeping and typewriting.I now wish to enter an office where the work requires great individual responsibility and judgment, and where there is an opportunity for achievements.3.To claim your referees（推荐人）.The applicant is well advised to enclose in the letter the names as well as the addresses of two or three referees after he has got their permission.Referees are of great importance for obtaining a job, for they are the best and most persuasive support for the candidate’s potential, merits and strength.SAMPLE: I have obtained permission to give the names of the following persons as references: Professor Song Xieli, Director, English Department, Haitai University;Mr.Wang Qing, Manager, Human Resource Department, Chinese Import & Export Corporation.4.To inquire the chance of an interview.SAMPLE: I should welcome a personal interview at your convenience.Part II Teaching Procedure Reading I I.Key Language Points 1.hop: vi.1)(of people)to jump on one leg（人）单脚跳

【例句】He hopped away on one foot.他单脚跳着跑开了。

2)(of small creatures)to jump with the legs together（小动物）跳跃

【例句】The bird hopped onto my finger.小鸟跳到我的手指上。

3)[on, in](infml)to get quickly onto, into, or out of

something迅速跳上（跳进，跳出）

【例句】Hop in and I’ll give you a lift to the station.快上车，我送你去车站。

[相关搭配] job-hopping 跳槽

【例句】With the deepening of economic reform, job-hopping has become a

somewhat common practice in large and medium cities.随着经济改革的深化，跳槽现象在许多大中城市已屡见不鲜。

2.influence: 1)n.an effect that someone or something has on events, behavior, or

opinions影响，影响力

【例句】He used his influence to get his son a job.他利用自己的影响给儿子找了个工作。

2)vt.to have an effect on someone or something影响（某人或某事）；对（某人或某事）起作用

【例句】Don’t let me influence your decision.别让我影响你的决定。

[相关搭配]1)under the influence of 在„„的影响下

【例句】Driving under the influence of alcohol.酒后驾车。

2)influence on sb./sth.对„„有影响

【例句】Environment is a great influence on character.环境对性格有很大的影响。

[相关词] influential: adj.有影响力的，有势力的

【例句】He is an influential politician.他是一名有势力的政治家。

3.essential:

1)adj.[only before a noun只用于名词前]central or most important根本的，最重要的【例句】This is an essential requirement for admission to

college.这是进大学的最基本要求。

2）adj.completely necessary必不可少的

【例句】Previous experience of this type of job is not essential.以前是否做过这种工作并非必需条件。

3)n.anything indispensable基本必要的东西，要素，本质

【例句】The room was furnished with the bare essentials: a bad, a chair, and

a table.房间里摆设了最简单的必需品——一张床，一把椅子和一张桌子。

[相关搭配]be essential to/for something对„„来说是必不可少的。

【例句】Food is essential to life.食物对生命是绝对重要的。

4.godfather: n.a man who has promised to be responsible for someone’s

religious education 教父

[相关搭配]godchild, goddaughter, godson教子/女；godmother教母;godparent教父，教母

5.sponsor 1)n.someone who supports or champions something赞助人，发起者

【例句】He is the sponsor of the annual Christmas parade.他是一年一度圣诞节游行的主办者。

2)n.a person that takes responsibility for formally putting forward a

suggestion提案人，提倡者

【例句】Who was the sponsor for the divorce reform bill?谁是这项离婚改革法案的倡议者？

3)vt.to pay for something, usually in return for advertising

particular products赞助（某事物）

【例句】It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to support the

project.遗憾的是他没有足够的钱来支持这项计划。

4)vt.to put forward a formal suggestion正式提出（建议）；倡议

【例句】He sponsored the plan at the meeting.他在会上倡议了这项计划。

6.trait: n.a particular quality of someone or something特性，品质

【例句】Generosity is her best trait.慷慨是她最大的特点。

7.scholarship: 1)n.the method of result of serious detailed academic study学问，学识

【例句】Her book is a fine piece of scholarship.她的书是一部卓越的学术著作。

2)n.a sum of money given to a student by an organization to help pay

for a course of study 奖学金

【例句】He won a scholarship to Oxford.他获得了一份到牛津大学念书的奖学金。

[相关词]scholar: n.1.学者.2.奖学金获得者

【例句】She is a teacher of great scholar.她是一位很有学问的老师。

8.initiative: n.1)the first of a series of actions主动性

【例句】The child displayed great initiative in going to fetch the police.那孩子极为主动地把警察找来。

2)the first movement or action which starts something happening发端，首创

【例句】It’s only the initiative of the investigation.这仅仅是调查的开始。

3)the ability to make decisions and take action without help of other

people决断能力，主动能力

【例句】I wish you’d show some initiative instead of always asking me what

to do.我希望你表现得主动一些，别花是问我该做什么。

[相关搭配] 1)take the initiative首先做某事,带头做某事

【例句】It is up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear

weapons.这个国家应该主动提出禁止核武器。

2)on your own initiative主动地，自己决定地

【例句】Did he do it on his own initiative?他是自己主动做的吗？

[相关词]initial: adj.最初的，开始的

【例句】She calmed down after the initial shock.她先是大吃一惊，后来就平静下来。

9.agreeable: adj.pleasant, enjoyable, or acceptable令人愉快的，惬意的【例句】The weather was very agreeable.气候十分宜人。

[相关搭配]agreeable to something/doing something欣然接受某事，乐于做某事

【例句】I’m agreeable to doing what you suggest.我乐于照你的建议去做。

[相关词]disagreeable: adj.令人不快的，讨厌的，不合意的agree: v 1)agree about/on sth（关于„„）意见一致

【例句】They didn’t agree about how to do it.关于如何做，他们的意见不一致。

2)agree with somebody/something与（人，想法）意见一致

【例句】I agree with you.= I agree with what you say.我赞同你。（我和你意见相同。）

3)agree to do something/something同意做某事，接受某事

【例句】We all agreed to start at once.我们全都同意立刻出发。

10.outgoing: adj.1)friendly and eager to make friends友好的，乐于交友的【例句】She is very outgoing.她非常爱好交际。

2)[only before a noun只用于名词前]leaving an important job即将离职的【例句】The outgoing president was praised for his commitment to the Party.即将离任的总统因对党作出了贡献而受到赞扬。

[相关词]outgoings: n.支出，开销

【例句】You will have to reduce your outgoings if you want to pay off your

debts.如果你想还清债务，就得减少开支。

11.personality: n.1)the whole nature and character of a particular person个性，性格

【例句】They don’t get on well because of differences of personality.他们由于性格不同而合不来。

2)interesting, exciting qualities of character个性

【例句】He has no personality.他没有个性。

She has a lot of personality.她很有个性。

3)a person who is well known to the public名人

【例句】a television personality电视界知名人士

[相关词]personal: adj.个人的，私人的，亲自的，本人的【例句】father’s personal chair父亲的专用坐椅

The minister made a personal appearance on television.部长亲自在电视中露面。

12.realm: n.1)a world, area of activity领域；范围

【例句】This theory belongs more to the realm of science than art.这理论与其说属于艺术领域，倒不如说是属于科学领域的。

2)(often cap.)lit & law（常大写，用于书面和法律方面）

【例句】the defense of the Realm国防

13.inherit: vt.1)to receive something from someone who has died or moved on继承（某物）

【例句】He’s inherited a fortune from his rich uncle.他从有钱的叔叔那里继承了一大笔钱。

2)to have the same qualities as your parents经遗传而得到（特质）

【例句】She inherited all her mother’s beauty.她继承了母亲的全部美貌。

[相关搭配] inherit sth.from sb.从某人那里继承„„

14.bestow: vt.To give something to someone 将某物赠给某人

【例句】Many gifts were bestowed on them.有很多礼物赠给他们。

[相关搭配]bestow something on/upon someone

【例句】The trophy was bestowed upon the winner.银杯授给了获胜者。

15.disloyal: adj.not loyal不忠实的，不忠诚的

【例句】You don’t expect a diplomat ever to be disloyal to his country.你不会预料到外交官会对祖国不忠。

[相关词]loyal: adj.忠实的，忠诚的loyalty: n.忠实，忠诚

【例句】Once he took the vow his loyalty never wavered.他一旦宣了誓，他就一直忠贞不渝。

[相关搭配]be loyal to sb./sth.对„„忠心的

【例句】The soldiers are loyal to their country.士兵们忠于他们的国家。

16.reciprocal: adj.exchanged between two people or two groups of

people相互的，互惠的

【例句】reciprocal respect相互尊重

a reciprocal agreement互惠协定

reciprocal trade互惠贸易

17.recipient: n.a person who receives something接受者

【例句】a welfare recipient接受福利救济的人

18.patron: n.1)a person who supports and regularly gives money to a worthy purpose，or to another person or group of people赞助人，资助人

【例句】Modern artists have difficulty in finding patrons.现代艺术家们很难找到赞助者。

2)a person who uses a particular shop, hotel, etc., esp.regularly老顾客，老主顾

【例句】This store has many patrons.这家商店有许多老顾客。

19.lifelong: adj.continuing all your life终身的

【例句】I believe he will be my lifelong friend.我相信他会成为我一生的好朋友。

[相关词]lifelong education终身教育

lifelong disability终身残疾

20.security: n.1)the state of being secure安全，安全感，保障

【例句】A job in the Civil Service offers security.公务员的工作提供保障。

2)something which protects防御物，保护物

【例句】The money is my security against hardship.这笔钱可以让我应付不时之需。

3)valuable property which you promise to give to a money-lender if you

do not repay money you have borrowed抵押品

【例句】What did you offer as security for the loan?你拿什么作贷款抵押？

[相关词]secure: adj.安全的，可靠的

【例句】Make sure your money is in a secure place.你要确保把钱存放在安全可靠的地方。

secure: vt.使安全，保护

【例句】The soldiers secured the camp against attack.士兵保护着营地以免受攻击。

21.constant: adj.1)happening all the time一再发生地，不断地

【例句】I dislike these constant arguments.我讨厌这些接连不断的争吵。

2)fixed or unchanging始终如一的，持久不变的【例句】a constant temperature恒温

In our fast paced world nothing seems constant.在现今这个快节奏的世界里，似乎没有什么东西是永恒不变的。

3)n.: a quality that does not vary常数，恒量

【例句】constant quality恒量

22.mobility: n.the quality of moving freely可动性，变动性

【例句】A private car gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility.私人小汽车能给人很大的舒服和机动性。

[相关词]mobile: adj.able to move, or be moved quickly and easily.可移动的，流动的，【例句】mobile phone手机，移动电话

She’s much more mobile now that she’s bought a car.自从她买了辆汽车后，流动量就大得多了。

23.better:

1)adj.[comparative of good, good的比较级]较好的，更好的

【例句】She’s much better at maths than I am.她的数学比我好得多。

2)adj.improved in health（健康）有所好转的

【例句】I’m feeling a little better today.今天我感觉好多了。

3)adv.[comparative of well, well的比较级]in a better way, to a greater

degree更好地

【例句】She swims much better than she used to.她游泳游得比过去好多了。

He knows that town better than I do.这城镇他比我了解得更清楚。

4)n.to change and become better好转

【例句】Let’s hope that things will soon change for the better.希望事情不久会好转。

5)vt.to improve on something改进（某事）

【例句】We made record profits last year, and we’re hoping to better this

year.去年我们的利润创了纪录，我们希望今年更好。

[相关搭配]had better最好还是，应该

【例句】You’d better go home now.你最好是现在回家。get the better of someone打败某人，战胜某人

【例句】She always manages to get the better of me.她老是设法占我上风。

24.qualify: 1)vi.to pass an examination or gain the knowledge or experience

necessary for a particular job考试合格，取得资格

【例句】I came to this school immediately after I had qualified as a teacher.我一取得教师资格便马上来了这所学校。

2)vi.to have the right to do or have something有权做某事，有权拥有某物

【例句】I’m afraid you don’t qualify for a pension.对不起，您没有资格领养老金。

3)vt.make somebody suitable to do something让某人做某事，让某人有权做某事

【例句】This test will qualify you to fly an aircraft.你若能通过考试，便有资格开飞机。

4)vt.to limit what you are saying in some way限制，修饰

【例句】I’d like to qualify my last remark.我想把我最后的一句话修饰一下。

[相关搭配]qualify for something有资格，合适，胜任

【例句】His skills qualify him for the job.他的技艺使他有资格担任这一工作。

qualify someone to do something使„„有权做„„

【例句】Eighteen-year-olds qualify to vote.年满十八岁者有选举权。

[相关词]qualified: adj.有资格的，具备必要条件的，胜任的

【例句】He’s not qualified to teach young children.他没有资格教小孩子。

qualification: n.资格，资历，合格证明（书）

【例句】qualification certificate资格证书

25.interchangeability: n.being able to exchange or alternate each

other可互换性

[相关词]interchange: vt.交换，互换

【例句】interchange ideas/opinions/views交换意见

[相关词]interchangeable可互换的，可交替的【例句】interchangeable parts互换部分

interchangeable words(terms)可换用的词（术语）

[相关搭配]interchange sth.with sth.【例句】interchange hard work with rest劳逸结合

26.personnel: n.all the people employed by an organization全体职员

【例句】New personnel are needed for our business in the Middle East.我们需要新的雇员来经营我们在中东的业务。

[相关词]辨析personnel和personal Personnel是个集体名词，指“全体人员”，“全体职员”

【例句】a personnel manager(officer)人事处经理（处长）

the personnel division人事处（室）

而personal是个形容词，指“私人的”，“个人的”

【例句】personal letter私人信件

personal affair私事

personal life私生活

personal pronoun人称代词

personal还有“本人的”，“亲自的”的意思

【例句】make a personal appearance(visit)亲自出席（拜访）

27.inhuman: adj.too cruel and lacking in feelings to be considered as

human无人性的，残酷的

【例句】inhuman treatment不人道待遇，非人待遇

inhuman act不人道行为

to be cruel and inhuman惨无人道

[相关词]inhumanity无人情味，残忍

【例句】We must never again turn a blind eye when a government anywhere

engages in gross inhumanity.我们再也不能漠视任何政府公然进行不人道行为。

28.challenge: 1)n.an invitation to compete in a fight or match挑战

【例句】He accepted his friend’s challenge to swim across the river.他接受朋友的挑战，比赛游泳过河。

2)n.something difficult or exciting that needs a great effort具有挑战性的事物

【例句】To build a bridge in a month was a real challenge.一个月内造一座桥委实是个挑战。

3)vt.: to invite someone to complete against you or to test their

abilities向某人挑战

【例句】I challenged him to a game of tennis.我邀他与我赛一场网球。

4)vt.to question whether something is right质询（某事是否正确）

【例句】She challenged the justice of the new law.她质疑新法律的公正性。

29.content: 1)adj.satisfied and happy心满意足的

【例句】Dad seems really content since he retired.爸爸自退休后，似乎很是满足。

2)vt.to make someone feel happy or satisfied使某人心满意足

【例句】Simple praise is enough to content him.他只要听到实事求是的表扬就心满意足了。

3)n.the subject matter of something内容

【例句】It’s not the style of the book I object to;it’s the content.我反对的不是那本书的风格，而是内容。

[相关搭配]be content with对„„满意

【例句】I am very content with my life at present.我对目前的生活心满意足。

30.seniority: n.the quality of being senior in rank or age年长，级别高，资历深

【例句】Should promotion be through merit or seniority?晋升应该凭成绩还是靠年资？

Does seniority give one the right to command?难道年长资深就有权发号施令吗？

[相关词]senior 1)n.年长者，长辈，上级

【例句】He is my senior.她是我的上司。

2)adj.较年长的，地位较高的

【例句】He is senior to me.他比我年纪大。

31.bounce: 1)vi.to spring back or up again after hitting a surface反跳，弹起

【例句】The ball bounced several times.球反弹了几次。

She’s had many misfortunes in her life but she always bounces back.她一生中经历过许多挫折，然而总是能重新振作起来。

2)vi.to walk quickly because you are happy（因高兴而）飞快地走

【例句】She bounced into the room.她蹦蹦跳跳地走进房间里。

3)vi.(of a cheque)to be returned by a bank as worthless（支票）遭银行退票

【例句】I hope this cheque doesn’t bounce.我希望这张支票别遭退票。

4)n.the act or action of bouncing跳起，弹回

【例句】The ball has plenty of bounce.这球弹性很好。

32.original: adj.1)first or earliest起初的，最早的，原始的

【例句】The original owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.这房子最早的主人是威灵顿公爵。

2)not copied非复制的，原创的

【例句】We have a few original paintings.我们有几幅油画原作。

[相关词]origin: n.起源，开端，血统，出身

【例句】The riot had its origins in unemployment.骚乱是由失业引起的。

He was proud of his working class origins.他为自己出身于工人阶层而感到自豪。

33.get ahead: to be successful in your job and so reach a high

position（在工作上）成功

【例句】She’s clever and ambitious, and determined to get ahead.她聪明伶俐，雄心勃勃，决心在事业上获得成功。

By doing extra homework, he soon got ahead of his class-mates.他靠多做家庭作业，很快在班上名列前茅。

34.on the basis of: based on;according to在„„基础上；根据

【例句】We are willing to enter into b usiness relationship with your

company on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我们愿在平等互利的基础上与贵公司建立业务关系。

35.lead to: to cause something or result in something引起，导致，引导

【例句】The strike could lead to a loss of jobs.罢工可能会导致失业。

Every road leads to Rome.条条大路通罗马。

36.by and large: on the whole大体上，总的说来

【例句】By and large our work has been successful.总的说我们的工作是成功的。

By and large, the company's been pretty good to me.总的来说, 公司对我一直很好。

37.deal with: to find an answer to a problem对付，处理

【例句】The meeting will deal with these problems.本次会议将就这些问题作出处理。

This book deals with the troubles in Ireland.这本新书论述了爱尔兰的纠纷。

38.bring in: 1)to introduce something引进，提出

【例句】The government is bringing in new laws to protect children.政府正提出制定保护儿童的新法律。

2)to ask someone to take part in something, especially in order to

help with a problem请（某人）参与（尤其指为帮助解决问题）

【例句】We need to bring in a few experienced people to get the job finished

on time.我们需要请几个有经验的人来帮助，以便按时完成工作。

3)to earn a particular amount of money获利，赚钱

【例句】She’s bringing in ￡200 a week.她每星期赚二百英镑。

The new tax will bring in a lot of extra money for the

government.这项新税将为政府带来一大笔额外收益。

II．Difficult Sentences 1)By and large, success is neither inherited nor bestowed.要点：by and large: generally speaking, on the whole大体上，总得说来。

neither„nor: 既不„也不

译文：总的说来，成功既不能继承，也不能赠予。

2)In some nations it is considered disloyal to quit a job.要点：it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语为不定式to quit a job。

译文：在有些国家，辞职被视为不忠。

3)Deep reciprocal loyalties exist between employee and employer.要点： reciprocal: mutual彼此的，相互间的

译文：雇主与雇员彼此感情深厚，雇员尽职，雇主惜才。

4)We consider it a “right” to be able to better ourselves, to move

upward, to jump from company to company if we can keep qualifying for more

responsible(and therefore better)jobs.要点：it指代前文所提到的”job-hunting”

keep qualifying for: remain in ability to be suited for一直具有„„资格

to be able to目的状语

译文：我们认为跳槽是一种权利，它能让我们充实自己，获得升迁。而且如果能胜任责任更重（当然报酬也更高）的工作，我们还能从一个公司跳到另一个公司。

5)They do not understand that a great many Americans like to move about.要点：move about: travel from place to place.这里的about是指here and there到处

译文：他们不了解大多数美国人不喜欢呆在一个地方。

6)Then, too, a newcomer will probably start at a lower salary for he will

have no seniority.要点：wage, salary, pay的区别。

wage专指按周或天计算的工钱，以工人为发放对象。Salary专指“月薪”或“年薪”。pay指“工资”是一般所通用的。

译文：当然，新来者由于没有资历，可能只能拿较底的薪水。

7)Hopping is so readily accepted here, in fact, that a good man may

bounce back and forth among two or three corporations, being welcomed back

to his original company more than once through his career, each time at a

different level.要点：readily: willingly乐意地

in fact是插入语，拿掉之后句子照样成立。

being引导现在分词短语。

译文：在美国，跳槽已被大家所接受，事实上，一个优秀的人可以在两三个公司间跳来跳去，在其职业生涯中，由于他自身的水平的提高，每次跳回原公司都会比上一次更受欢迎。

III.Structure of Reading I Part I(Paragraph 1)Introduction In different countries, there are different employment practices.Part II(Paragraph 2)Different countries have different opinions on job-hopping.In some countries it is considered disloyal to quit a job.Part III(Paragraph 3-5)American’s view on job-hopping.1)In America, job-hopping is part of constant mobility.2)The benefits of job-hopping.Reading II I.Notes 1.transition: n.changing from one state or condition to another.转变，过渡

【例句】Such a sudden transition must affect her and ice her over.这样的一个突然变化一定会影响她，使她变得冷淡而克制起来。

2.academic year: n.school year.The part of the year during which school

is in session.学年

Academic: concerning the reaching or studying of subjects taught to

provide skills for the mind, especially in a college or

university.（尤指大专院校）教学上的【例句】academic achievement 学术成果

academic community 学术界

Academic Affairs Office教务处

3.take(time)off: not to go to work for a particular period of time.休息，不工作

【例句】I’m taking a couple of weeks off.我准备休息几个星期。

4.jump at something: to accept something eagerly马上接受

【例句】I’d jump at the chance of going abroad.有出国的机会我会立刻接受。

5.initiative: n.the first movement or action which starts something

happening发端，首创

【例句】a man of great initiative进取心很强的人

[相关搭配] take the initiative首先做某事，采取主动

【例句】He has taken the initiative to improve relations with her.他首先主动与她改善关系。

on your own initiative主动地，自己决定地

【例句】Did he do it on his own initiative?他是自己主动做的吗？

6.be faced with something: to have to deal with something difficult or

unpleasant，面临某事（指难题或讨厌的事）

【例句】We were faced with a difficult choice.我们面临的是棘手的选择。

7.recession: n.a period of reduced trade and business activity经济衰退期

8.redundancy: n.a case of losing your job because there is not enough

work裁员，解雇

9.cut back: to reduce something减少（某物）

【例句】We need to cut back on our expenditure.我们需要减少开支。

10.participate in: to take part in an activity or event参加（活动）

【例句】We were invited to participate in the discussion.我们获邀请参加讨论。

11.crisis: n.an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty危机，危急关头

【例句】economic crisis经济危机

energy crisis能源危机

In times of crisis it's good to have a friend to turn to.危难时好在有朋友可以投奔。

12.volunteer: n.a person who is willing to do something unpaid志愿者 v.to offer to do something自愿做（某事）

【例句】This work costs us nothing.It’s all done by volunteers.这项工作我们分文未花，全是由志愿者做的。

He volunteered to help me move.他主动提出帮我搬家。

13.put forward: 提出

【例句】Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?

我推荐你担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗? 14.cabin crew: “cabin” means the enclosed space at the front of an

aircraft in which the pilot sits（飞机的)驾驶舱；“crew” means all the people

working on a plane全体工作人员

15.take advantage of: to make use of something or someone, sometimes

unfairly利用（某人或某物）

【例句】It never occurred to me to take advantage of him.我决没有想到过要占他的便宜。

16.recruit:

1)v.attract new members to join an organization or a company招募，吸收

【例句】We are having difficulties in recruiting well-qualified staff.我们难以招募到素质好的职员。

2)n.new member of a society or group新成员，新会员

【例句】New recruits to our music club are always welcome.我们的音乐俱乐部随时欢迎新会员参加。

17.from scratch: from nothing, from the beginning从头做起，从零做起

【例句】He lost all his money and had to start again completely from scratch.他损失了所有的钱, 只好再从头做起.There were so many spelling mistakes and I had to write the letter out

again from scratch.这封信的拼写错误太多, 我得重写一遍.18.dole: n.money that you receive from the government because you are

unemployed（政府的）失业救济金

[相关词] on the dole: receiving money from the government because you are

unemployed领取（政府的）失业救济金

【例句】I’ve been on the dole for six months.我领失业救济金已经有六个月了。

19.better off: in a more fortunate or prosperous condition情况更好

【例句】Since my husband was made the manager, we are better off.自从我的丈夫被任命为经理以来，我们的情况好转了。

20.take on: to start to employ someone开始雇佣（某人）

【例句】We’re taking on a new secretary this week.本周我们聘请了一位新秘书。

21.the European Community: 欧洲经济共同体，英文名称为European Economic

Community，简称EEC，它是法国、联邦德国、意大利、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡根据1957年3月25日签定无限期有效的《罗马条约》而建立的，该条约于1958年1月正式生效。以后陆续加入的有：英国、爱尔兰、丹麦、希腊、西班牙、葡萄牙。在欧洲经济共同体成立之前，已经有1952年生效的欧洲煤钢联营组织（ECSC）。《罗马条约》不仅建立了欧洲经济共同体，而且还建立了欧洲原子能共同体（Euratom）,1967年7月欧洲煤钢联营组织、欧洲原子能共同体和欧洲经济共同体合而为一，组成了统一的管理机构，该称为欧洲共同体（简称欧共体，European

Community）。共同体成立以后，逐步朝经济一体化和政治一体化的目标推进。在经济方面，已建立了关税同盟，对外实行统一的关税制度，并开始实行共同农业政策，逐步形成一个货物、劳力、劳务和资本自由流通的市场。在政治上，要求把共同体建成政治上统一的欧洲联盟，加强协商制度。共同体合计国民生产总值仅次于美国。该共同体和非洲、加勒比海和太平洋地区的发展中国家先后签定了3个《洛美协定》，就发展中国家同西欧工业发达国家之间的贸易经济关系作了规定。欧共体对世界经济有着巨大的影响。到80年代末，欧洲统一市场建立在即，1991年12月9日至11日，欧共体12国国家或政府首脑云集荷兰马斯特里赫特城，讨论和修改了主席国荷兰提出的经济货币联盟和政治联盟条约草案，并于1992年2月履行了《欧洲联盟条约》的签字手续，至此，欧洲联盟(European

Union)成立。

22.be applicable to: suitable for or relating directly to a particular

person or situation合适的，适用的

【例句】This rule is not applicable to foreigners.这条规则不适用于外国人。

23.be on offer: be available供出售的【例句】The house is on offer.房屋待售。

There is little work on offer.几乎没有什么工作可找。

Baked beans are on offer this week at the local supermarket.在当地超级市场本周烘豆罐头大减价.24.standard: n.generally recognized as correct or acceptable标准的，规矩的【例句】standard English标准英语

safety standards安全标准

The students want to learn standard pronunciation.学生想学习标准的发音。

II．Difficult Sentences 1)Faced last autumn with the recession and with its failure to acquire

more flight slots out of Heathrow Airport, the company was having to

consider redundancies.要点：faced with:过去分词做状语，表示原因。

acquire flight slot: get or obtain flight schedule(for one’s own

airline)from the airport.航空公司获得机场额外安排的航班，以填补飞行空挡。

译文：去年秋天，面对经济衰退以及无法从希思罗机场获得更多的额外航班的状况，该公司不得不考虑裁员。

2)Most of the volunteers were cabin crew but other staff, including

secretaries and pilots, took advantage of the offer as well.要点：including引导现在分词短语做非限制性定语，修饰staff.take advantage of:利用

翻译：大多数志愿者是乘务人员，但是其他的工作人员，包括秘书和飞行员，也同样享受这个政策。

Word Study 1.involve: 基本用法

1)vt.to cause someone to become connected or concerned使（某人）卷入；牵涉（某人）

【例句】It shouldn’t be necessary to involve the other departments.没必要把其他部门也牵涉进来。

Please don’t involve me in your domestic problems.请别把我卷入你们的家庭问题中去

2)vt.to have something as a necessary part or result包含，含有„„结果。

【例句】The job involved my living in London.工作需要我住在伦敦。

Giving advice at the right time has to involve a great deal of

intelligence.在适当的时间提建议需要人的睿智。

相关搭配：

involve with/in卷入，牵涉

be/become/get involved牵涉进

【例句】involve the country in a war使国家陷入战祸。

I wouldn’t get involved with him if I were you.如果我是你，我就不会卷进与他的瓜葛。

be involved with涉及

【例句】This problem is closely involved with the management of pastures.这问题跟牧场的管理紧密相关。

相关搭配：

at present现在，目前

【例句】I don’t want to get married at present.我目前不想结婚。

He is at present in Beijing.他眼下在北京。

be present to出现在（头脑、想象等）之中

【例句】The scenic spot is still vividly present to our senses.风景胜地仍然栩栩如生地浮现在我们眼前。

make a present of sth to sb./make sb a present of sth把某物赠送给某人，奉送某人某物

【例句】He made me a present of a book.他送给我一本书。

相关词

presentation: n.赠送，授予，提出，提供，呈现，显示，引见，表演，上演

【例句】the presentation of a gift赠送礼物

The scholarship was an annual presentation.奖学金每年颁授一次。

His presentation was clear and incisive.他的叙述清晰而犀利。

the presentation of sb.to„向„„引见某人

【例句】the presentation of the new ballet新芭蕾剧的上演

5.initiative 基本用法

1)n.the first movement or action which starts something happening发端，首创

【例句】launch a new peace initiative提出一项新的和平倡议

lack initiative缺乏首创精神

a man of great initiative进取心很强的人

2)n.the ability to make decisions and take action without the help of

other people决断能力，主动能力

【例句】I wish you’d show some initiative instead of always asking me what to

do.我希望你表现得主动一些，别老是问我该做什么。

相关词

initial: adj.最初的，开始的

【例句】the initial expenditure创办费

The doctor charged ￡7 for the initial consultation.医生收初诊费7磅。

initiate: vt.发起，创办，提出（措施等）

【例句】initiate a conversation开始交谈

initiate a chain reaction引起连锁反应

The club will initiate new members on Tuesday.俱乐部将在星期二正式接纳新会员。

Grammar Focus Words of Job Application 关于求职的英语单词

I.1.在求职前，应先做好CV（=Curriculum Vitae）（简短的）履历表。它应包括：personal

details个人资料，qualifications资历，experience工作经历

2.留心各类job advertisement（招聘广告），注意查看job vacancy（职位空缺），job

title（工作名称或职别），job requirements（工作要求），salary（薪水），working

conditions（工作条件），career prospects（职业前途或职业发展前景）。

3.递交letter of application（求职信）

4.求职者将会在规定的时间和地点（appointment）参加面试(interview),用人单位将在面试者中选出最优秀的候选人(the best

candidates)。

II.在写英文简历时应包括以下方面

1.个人资料或个人详情 Personal Data or Personal Details

一、Name（姓名），二、Address（通信地址）,三、Postal Code/ Zip code（邮政编号）,四、Phone

Number（电话号码）,五、Sex（性别）: Male（男）或Female（女）,六、Date of Birth/

D.O.B.（出生日期）,七、Birthplace（出生地点）,八、Nationality（国籍或民族）,九、Height（身高）,十、Weight（体重）,十一、Marital

Status（婚姻状况）,十二、Number of Children（子女人数）,十三、Health

Condition（健康状况）：excellent（极佳）、very

good（很好）、strong（强壮）,十四、Hobbies（业余爱好）,十五、Membership（会员资格）,十六、Number of

Identification Card（身份证号码）

2.应聘职位 Job Objective 3.工作经历 Work Experience 4.学历 Education 5.社会实践 Social Practice

6.课外活动 Extracurricular Activities 7.奖励 Rewards 8.技术资格与特别技能 Technical Qualifications and Special Skills 9.科研成果 Scientific Research Achievements Function and Structure Describe One’s Occupation(描述某人的职业)A.Expressions presented in this part can be used to describe one’s job and job-related experiences, but don’t forget that it’s often considered to be impolite or even rude to inquire about a person’s income directly.In some corporate cultures, employees are not allowed to compare and exchange information about salaries, rewards, bonuses, or other benefits they receive respectively.A probe into the details of one’s work responsibilities is also prohibitive in most cases.But for most young job starters, to learn something about the job they are going to take is essential for them to avoid job-hopping later: Is this job at the right level for you? Are you going to be proud of what you are doing? Are you earning less than others in the same position? You may approach friends, relatives or career advisors for such information.It’s also a good idea to explore further into a certain job position at the interview.To discuss things like what you are expected to do exactly at work and what you can obtain from the job will impress the interviewers that you are rather serious about the job offer.B.询问某人的工作情况可从以下几个方面着手：

1）询问某人是干什么的：

What is your job? What do you do for a living? 2）在哪里工作：

Where do you work? 3）询问某人的职责：

What do you do there? 4）对工作的感受：

How do you like your work? C.Words and expressions relating to income:

salary: fixed compensation for services, paid to a person on a regular

basis薪水，薪金，付给一个人的固定劳动补偿，尤指公职人员，职员等拿的按年、按月或按周计算的年薪，月薪或周薪。

wages: payment for labor or services to a worker especially remuneration

on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis or by the piece尤指按小时、天数或周给或按工作量给的工资。

pay: money given in return for work done酬金，包括工资，薪金

overtime pay: payment for additional work done outside of regular working

hours加班费，对在正常工作时间之外做的额外工作所付的报酬。

bonus: a sum of money or the equivalent given to an employee in addition

to the employee’s usual compensation奖金，给雇员工资以外的一笔钱，或相应的东西。

income: the amount of money or its equivalent received during a period of

time in exchange for labor or services, from the sale of goods or

property, or as profit from financial investments收入

allowance: something, such as money, given at regular intervals or for a

specific purpose津贴，补贴

fringe benefits: an additional benefit provided to an employee, for

example, a company car or health insurance额外福利

D.accountant 会计 actor 男演员 actress 女演员 architect 建筑师 artist 艺术家 astronaut 宇航员 athlete 运动员 anthropologist人类学家 barber 理发师(男)baseball player 棒球选手 bell boy 门童 bellhop 旅馆的行李员 boxer 拳击手 broker(agent)经纪人 bus driver 公车(巴士)司机 butcher 屠夫,肉商buyer 采购员 carpenter木匠 cartoonist 漫画家 cashier 出纳员cook 厨师 chemist 化学师 clerk 店员 clown小丑computer programmer 程序员 cowboy牛仔 customs officer海关官员 dancer 舞者dentist 牙科医生 designer 设计师 desk clerk 接待员 detective 侦探doctor 医生 driver 司机 dustman 清洁工 editor 编辑electrician 电工 engineer 工程师 farmer 农夫 fashion designer时装设计师fireman(firefighter)消防员 fisherman 渔

夫 florist 花商 flyer 飞行员Foreign minister 外交部长 gardener花匠(园丁)gas station attendant 加油工 geologist 地质学家guard警卫 guide 导游 hairdresser 理发师,美容师(女)housekeeper 管家housewife家庭主妇 interpreter口译员 janitor 清洁工 journalist 记者judge 法官 lawyer律师 librarian图书管理员 life guard 救生员magician 魔术师 mathematician 数学家 mechanic 机械师 ,机修工 miner 矿工 model 模特儿 monk 和尚,教士 movie director 导演 movie star电影明星

musician音乐家 nun 尼姑 nurse 护士 policeman 警察

postman 邮差 President 总统 priest 牧师 professor 教授

receptionist 接待员 repairman 修理工人 reporter 记者 sailor 船员，水手 salesman售货员 scientist 科学家 secretary 秘书 singer 歌手soldier 士兵,军人 tailor 裁缝师 taxi drive计程车司机 teacher 教师 technician 技术人员 tour guide 导游 traffic warden 交通管理员 translator 翻译（笔译）typist 打字员 vet 兽医 waiter 侍者(服务生)waitress 女侍者(服务生)writer 作家 worker 工人

Practical Reading Job Advertisement 1.PR: Public Relations公关

2.to do ten things at one: 字面上是“同时做10件事”，相当于说“办事高效”

3.leading: 领先的

4.a superb opportunity: 口语化说法，意思是“绝佳的机会”

5.a Fortune 500 US manufacture:一家名列《财富》杂志500强的美国制造商

6.has„open: 有„„职位空缺

7.Associate Bachelor Degree:大专文凭

8.equivalent: 同等水平

9.secretarial skills:文书工作

10.power point documents:电子幻灯演示文档

11.files:档案资料

12.corporate culture:企业文化

13.competitive compensation & benefit package:有竞争力的补助和福利套餐

14.Human Resources Department:人力资源部 Homework 1.Vocabulary 2.Grammar 3.Reading Summary In this unit, students have known main content of this unit.After class, students should learn more details.

第二篇：精读教案

对外汉语教学教案《篮球明星姚明》

一、教学对象

本教案的教学对象大约需学习了200个小时的汉语，掌握的汉语词汇在160个左右。

二、采用教材

《HSK快乐阅读》（北京大学出版社）

三、教学目标

1、掌握本课数量词的用法

2、理解课文内容并能复述课文

3、掌握新学的生字词

4、了解姚明的形象特点，并能用所学词语描述人物特点

四、教学内容

“汉语精读课”是对外汉语教学语言技能课中的主干课，也叫核心课、综合课。“汉语精读课”以讲解教授汉语语言知识为主要教学任务。本课共用三课时。（1）教学重点：量词的用法（注：海外学生量词基础较弱）。（2）复习上一课“家庭暴力和婚姻”、导入新课《篮球明星姚明》。（3）情景对话：“对话姚明”。（4）拆解本课生字、组词（5）以听说为重点练习课文

（6）课文，通过大声朗读以及问题提问等方式加深学生对文章大意的理解。（7）练习，重点放在语言点的练习上。

五、教学方法

1.对于生词和语言点的讲解，重点放在词义、语义以及用法上。在讲解的基础上，通过设置语境对重点生词和语法进行操练，帮助学生理解并掌握，达到会应用的目的。

2.在课文教学中，在掌握生词的基础上，首先通过领读和大声朗读使学生感知文章，对难理解处进行简单的讲解，力求掌握文章大意。

3.围绕课文相关内容进行简单地提问并小范围讨论，加深学生对作者写作意图的把握。

六、教学环节

1、复习（1）听写

掐

掠

不堪

法庭

涉嫌

状告

无独有偶

忍无可忍（2）提问

为什么不部分已婚男人都把钱交给妻子以前，人们心目中的妇女形象是什么样

为什么说在家庭重大事务的决策上，妇女已经能够取得了决定性的领导地位？

2、生字和词

.拆解生字的部首、笔画数和组合（要求师生互动）。（板书）

傲视竞技觅配角涌现破天荒震撼可想而知熏陶显露耀眼荡气回肠隔岸观火竞选状元殿轰动效应进取超越挑战魅力含蓄铺天盖地拥戴超凡低落霸

3、语法点：量词

1.、解释什么是量词（板书）

通常用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词，叫做量词。量词是表示人、事物或动作行为的计量单位的词。A．表示人或事物的计量单位的是物量词，又称名量词。如：尺、寸、斗、个、只、支等等。课文实例：

（1）在一些热门的体育运动中（2）但他们毕竟还只是一些配角

（3）破天荒的出现了一张来自东方神秘国度的黄种人面孔（4）1980年9月12日出生于上海的一个篮球世家（5）逐步成长为一颗耀眼的篮球明星

（6）一种不断地超越自我、挑战自我的人格魅力（7）也许已经超过了其他一些原有的宣传手段（8）可以说已经形成了一种“姚明现象”

（9）它也是中国人渴望参加世界最高水平的竞争并且在竞争中展现自我的一种体现（10）但是我们不能只有一个姚明，不能只靠一个姚明来体现中国人的形象 B．表示动作行为的计量单位的是动量词。如：次、回、趟、阵、顿、遍等等。课文实例：

2004年希腊奥运会上，中国队又前进了一大步，金牌数一跃而成为第二 2．练习运用量词（请学生上黑板做）。

(板书)一条（蛟龙）一团（浪花）

一幅（图画）一架（飞机）

一个（老人）一只（小鸟）

一次（旅行）一阵（鼓声）(注：括号里面的词是参考答案)4．课文

（1）老师示范朗读，板书提示词。（2）分读。

检查学生的课文朗读，纠正发音。3）复述课文。5.、作业

（1）书面作业：

完成课文课后练习。

（2）预习新课《网络语言》。

课文：

第三篇：高级汉语精读4第十课教案讲稿

课程单元教案（第十课第一单元）本单元教学目的

1.能正确朗读与书写课文中的生字，能区别部分形近字； 2.学习生词，理解词义，掌握用法，并能结合情景正确运用； 3.学习辨析部分近义词，区别其用法，能准确使用。

教学内容

1．学习95个词语； 2．正音，书写； 3．讲解重点词语。

教学重点教学难点

1.生字正音正字：奢望、咄咄逼人、怒不可遏；

2.词语讲解：奢望、义无反顾、总归、为数、余地、质问、指望、郑重其事、出于； 3.近义词辨析：告诫-劝诫；掂量-估量；推辞-推卸-推托；干涉-干预；询问-质问；冤枉-委屈；盛情-热情；顾忌-顾虑。

教学方法

1.精讲多练，举一反三。

2.坚持实践性，交际性和综合性原则（语音、词汇、语法的综合训练及听、说、读、写的综合训练），在教学中采用启发式和诱导式的方法，调动和激发学生的积极性和参与热情，以提高学生的语言表达能力和交际能力。

3.坚持重现性原则，在讲练过程中注意有意识地复习所学过的词语和语法。

教学设计

1．检查出勤情况； 2．检查预习情况；

3．学习生词（朗读、理解运用、重点讲解、辨析近义词）4.巩固练习（造句练习课后练习1.2.3.4）5.小结布置作业

课后阅读材料

搜集北京、上海等城市生活方式、价值观念相关材料。

作业、思考题、讨论题

巩固复习所学的生字、生词。

本单元小节（含学生课堂纪律、教学内容完成情况、教学体会等）

注：一单元为2个标准学时

课程单元教案（第十课第二单元）本单元教学目的

1.诵读课文，理解内容，分析文章结构，学习写作方法

教学内容

朗读正音；

分析理解课文内容

示例讲解阅读方法和技巧

分析文章的整体写作思路与结构提问检查阅读效果，巩固学习内容

教学重点教学难点

词语：嗲；贬斥；歇斯底里；颐指气使；相敬如宾；左右逢源； 2.北京人和上海人不同的生活方式、价值观念的比较。

教学方法

1.精讲多练，举一反三。2.坚持实践性，交际性和综合性原则（语音、词汇、语法的综合训练及听、说、读、写的综合训练），在教学中采用启发式和诱导式的方法，调动和激发学生的积极性和参与热情，以提高学生的语言表达能力和交际能力。

3.坚持重现性原则，在讲练过程中注意有意识地复习所学过的词语和语法。

教学设计

1．检查出勤； 2．复习听写生词；

3．快速阅读课文，提出相关问题，检查阅读效果； 4．分段细读，边读边提问边讲解； 5．课后小结。

课后阅读材料

北京上海等大都市人们的生活方式、价值观念相关文章。

作业、思考题、讨论题

课后思考题。

本单元小节（含学生课堂纪律、教学内容完成情况、教学体会等）

注：一单元为2个标准学时

课程单元教案（第十课第三单元）本单元教学目的

语法例释及运用

教学内容

结合课文分析语法现象巩固语法训练

教学重点教学难点

语法例释：复句和句群。语段语篇表达。

教学方法

1.精讲多练，举一反三。

3.坚持重现性原则，在讲练过程中注意有意识地复习所学过的词语和语法。

教学设计

1.检查出勤；

2．根据课文内容，听后回答问题； 3．语法例释学习；

4．巩固练习：课后练习5.6.7.8 5．课后小结。

课后阅读材料

熟读并理解课文中的成语、熟语。

作业、思考题、讨论题

按照课文内容的顺序，对课文进行缩写。

本单元小节（含学生课堂纪律、教学内容完成情况、教学体会等）

注：一单元为2个标准学时

课程单元教案（第十课第四单元）本单元教学目的

检查副课文口语表达训练

教学内容

限时独立完成副课文阅读

2.口语讨论：1.上海和北京天气、道路、建筑特色和异同。2.上海和北京的景观、语言特点和异同。

教学重点教学难点

口语表达：1.中心的确立 2.表达的顺序

3.语段的连接

教学方法

1.精讲多练，举一反三。

3.坚持重现性原则，在讲练过程中注意有意识地复习所学过的词语和语法。

教学设计

1.检查出勤；

2．限时阅读副课文，并完成相关练习； 3．抽选3-4名学生口语表达； 4．分析评价； 5．课后小结。

课后阅读材料

作业、思考题、讨论题讨论：将自己去过的或生活过的城市与乌鲁木齐比较，观察分析它们的异同。

本单元小节（含学生课堂纪律、教学内容完成情况、教学体会等）

注：一单元为2个标准学时

第十课《双城男女——北京VS上海》教学对象与学情分析

本教材的教学对象为少数民族大二学生，这些学生的汉语水平已达到MHK3甲或4乙水平，其汉语弱项突出表现在汉语的表达方面（口语和书面）。因此在本册汉语学习中，主要任务是在增加学生汉语词汇量的同时，侧重表达能力的训练，同时根据学生专业学业任务负担较重的现实，尽量在课堂上解决问题，完成相关训练，课外进行知识拓展，扩大学生视野，培养独立自主学习能力。教学目的与要求：

通过语料学习掌握本课生词的正确读音和书写；理解所学词语在本课的词义及用法；增加学生词汇量，掌握现代汉语语法知识，并通过模仿练习，使学生达到运用所学汉语知识的能力，提高学生运用汉语表达能力；正确理解课文内容、文化知识及其教育意义；掌握本课中的语法知识及其语法意义；能运用本课所学知识独立完成课后练习，做到知识的转化。教学重点与难点： 1.近义词辨析：告诫-劝诫；掂量-估量；推辞-推卸-推托；干涉-干预；询问-质问；冤枉-委屈；盛情-热情；顾忌-顾虑。

2.课文理解：文章的中心与结构。3.语法重点：复句、语段间的连接。教学时数及安排：8学时第一二课时：学习生字新词第三四课时：分析理解课文第五六课时：语法例释训练第七八课时：阅读表达训练教学过程：第一二课时

一、组织教学：检查学生出勤情况。

二、导入新课： 1.上海 2.北京

3.爱情观、婚姻观、生活方式。

三、讲解词语：

（一）朗读词语，正音正调

（二）讲解重点及难点词语：

1.奢望：过高的希望,指对不可能达到的目标，或者不可能得到的东西，报有幻想的态度。2.动容：脸上显露出受了感动的表情，形容被言语、行为所感动。

3.义无反顾：义：宜，应该做的事；反顾：回头看。从道义上只有勇往直前，不能犹豫回顾，形容维护正义决心非常大。或在道义上只勇往直前，绝不退缩回头

4.不在话下：不在谈论的范围内，指事情轻微，不值得一提。事属当然，用不着说。5.抛头露面：抛：暴露。露出头和面孔。原指妇女出现在大庭广众之中。现指公开露面。6.咄咄逼人：咄咄：使人惊奇的声音。形容气势汹汹，盛气凌人，使人难堪。也指形势发展迅速，给人压力。

7.怒不可遏：愤怒得难以抑制。形容十分愤怒。遏：止。

8.揭竿而起：揭：高举；竿：竹竿，代旗帜。砍了树干当武器，举起竹竿当旗帜，进行反抗。亦指人民起义。9.不了了之：了：了结，结束。用不了结的办法去了结。指把事情放在一边不管，就算完事。10.林林总总：林林：众多的样子；总总：众多而杂乱的样子。形容众多。唐·柳宗元《贞符》：“惟人之初，总总而生，林林而群。”

11.不以为忤：不生气，不介意。忤，wǔ。本义：抵触，不顺从。不将此作为忤逆之举典故范例《旧唐书》卷一百四十四·列传第九十四：”上不以为忤，甚称之。“《宋史》卷四百五十八·列传第二百一十七：“尝有贵客过之，瑛酒酣而歌，以乐器扣其头为节，客亦不以为忤。”例句他对于众人的批评不但不以为忤，反而欣然接受

12颐指气使：颐指：动下巴示意，指挥别人；气使：用神情气色支使人。不说话而用面部表示表情示意。形容有权势的人指挥别人的傲慢态度。《汉书·贡禹传》：“家富势足，目指气使。”《资治通鉴·唐纪·昭宣帝天佑二年》：“见朝士，皆颐指气使，旁若无人。” 13.见仁见智：对同一个问题，不同的人从不同的立场或角度有不同的看法。《周易·系辞上》：“仁者见之谓之仁，智者见之谓之智。”

14.察言观色：察：详审。观察别人的说话或脸色。多指揣摸别人的心意。《论语·颜渊》：“夫达也者，质直而好义，察言而观色，虑以下人。”

15.画饼充饥：画个饼来解除饥饿。比喻用空想来安慰自己。《三国志·魏志·卢毓传》：“选举莫取有名，名如画地作饼，不可啖也。”

（三）近义词辨析：

1.告诫：规劝某人勿做某事。一般用于长辈对晚辈，上级对下级。劝诫：可用于平辈之间。

掂量：侧重于用手托着东西上下晃动来估计轻重。

估量：侧重对事物的性质数量变化等进行大概的估计。常用于抽象的事物。推辞：侧重于直接拒绝、辞谢。可与“再三~”“一再”搭配。推卸：侧重于找客观原因来逃避责任。推托：侧重于借故拒绝，不肯承担。

干涉：强行参与、或不该管硬管，手段粗暴强硬。干预：语义较轻。一般的过问或参与。

询问：语气平和，语义较轻。征求意见，打听情况。质问：语义较重。用责备的语气依据事实问明是非。冤枉：侧重指无罪者有罪。

委屈：侧重于表示受到不公正待遇。

盛情：名词。深厚的情意。多用于书面语。常用“盛情款待”、“盛情难却”。热情：形容词，名词。

顾忌：强调有所避忌、忌讳。心中考虑的程度较浅，语义较轻。

顾虑：强调有所忧虑，心中考虑的程度较深。动词用法较少见。名词用法常见。

六、小结布置作业

第三四课时

一、组织教学：检查学生出勤情况。

二、复习旧课：听写重点词语

三、讲授新课：

（一）限时阅读课文（15分钟）

（二）回答问题

1.北京人与上海人的爱情观有什么区别？谈谈你的看法。2.北京女人与上海女人有什么不同？

3.北京人与上海人在应酬方面有什么不同？

（三）细读课文概括段意巩固所学内容

再读课文，回答思考题

五、小结布置作业

第五六课时

一、组织教学：检查学生出勤情况。

二、复习旧课：听后根据老师的问题，书面回答三语法例释

1．复句与句群

2．语段的链接

四、巩固训练：课后练习5、6、7、8

五、小结布置作业第七八课时

一、组织教学：检查学生出勤情况。

二、复习旧课：概述课文内容

三、讲授新课：

（一）阅读训练限时完成副课文学习

（二）表达训练话题讨论

1.概括一下北京人和上海人的生活方式、观念和特点。2.介绍一个你去过的城市。

3.模仿副课文的形式，将该城市与乌鲁木齐或者你熟悉的城市进行比较。

四、小结布置作业

五、全篇小结

第四篇：精读教案3

Unit 3 Career

Teaching Time: six periods Part I Pre-learning I.Teaching Aims

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: A.Know the special terms of occupations and career.B.Understand how to make invitations and accept or refuse them.C.Master the skills of describing one’s appearance.D.Grasp the words or phrases related to jobs.II.Teaching Important and Difficult Points Cultural Background A.Choosing your career(选择职业)Your career choice determines the course that your life will take–----It determines how successful you are, how happy you are and whether you live a good, bad or indifferent life.You have to think though what you want to achieve with your life in

important areas such as your career, your family, artistic or sporting goals and public service.A crucial part of this is setting if the major focus of your life is to spend a lot of time with your family and contribute to voluntary organizations, then you must recognize that this with limit the time and effort you can dedicate to your career.If you want to focus exclusively on your career, then you must understand and manage the consequences.Bear in mind that your priorities will probably change over time –many people focus completely on their careers in their twenties as they make a place for themselves in the world.In their thirties, they may take more of a family focus, and other things may become important later on –this is a normal part of life.B.Planning your career(规划职业)In order to choose an appropriate career which suits your abilities, skills, ambitions and ideals, you have to plan your career very carefully.Here are the steps you can follow:

1)Develop a career plan.Think about what you want to do and find out more about the kind of training, education, and skills you will need to achieve your career goal.2)Assess your skills and interests.Think hard about what you enjoy, what you are good at, what kind of personality you are, and the values you hold.3)Research occupations.Find out more about the nature of the jobs that interest you, such as educational requirements, salary, working conditions, future outlook, and anything else that can help you narrow your focus.4)Compare your skills and interests with the occupations you’ve selected.The career that matches your skills, interest, and personality the closest may be the career for you.5)Choose your career goal.Once you’ve decided what occupation matches up best with you, then you can begin developing a plan to reach your career goal.C．Different types of people take related careers(不同的人适合不同类型的职业)The Realistic Personality Type: 1)Likes to work with animals, tools, or machines;2)Generally avoids social activities like teaching, counseling, nursing, and informing others;

3)Has good skills in working with tools, mechanical drawings, machines or animals;4)Values practical things you can see and touch –like plants and animals you can grow, or things you can build or make better;5)Sees self as practical, mechanical, and realistic;In the realistic group, for example, there are jobs like animal caretaker, farmer, firefighter, guard, police detective, architect, engineer, surveyor, inspector, cost estimator, aircraft pilot, upholsterer, plumber, carpenter, mason, mechanic, sailor, production manager, driver, operator, clerk, librarian, chef, jeweler, welder, computer programmer, optician, appliance repairer, landscape architect, electrician, etc The Investigation Personality Type: 1)Likes to study and solve math or science problems;2)Generally avoids leading, selling, or persuading people;3)Has good skills at understanding and solving science and math problems;4)Values science, and sees self as precise, scientific, and intellectual.In the investigation group, for example, there are jobs like scientist, astronomer, chemist, geologist, meteorologist, physicist, urban planner, sociologist, marketing researcher, historian, economist, dentist, surgeon, biomedical engineer, information system manager, computer software

engineer, network administrator, statistician, computer support specialist, curator, actuary, lab technician, etc.The Artistic Personality Type: 1)Likes to do creative activities like art, drama, crafts, dance, music, or creative writing;2)Generally avoids highly ordered or repetitive activities;3)Has good artistic abilities –in creative writing, drama, crafts, music, or art;4)Values the creative arts-like drama, music, art, or the works of creative writers;5)Sees self as expressive, original, and independent.In the Artistic group, for example, there are jobs like biographer, editor，writer，poet，architect，cartoonist，commercial/graphic/industrial/interior designer, painter, sculptor, photographer, actor /actress, dancer, director, disk jockey, producer, radio and TV announcer, composer, musician, orchestra conductor, singer, etc.The Social Personality Type: 1)Likes to do things to help people –like teaching, counseling, nursing, or giving information;2)Generally avoids using machines, tools, or animals to achieve a goal;3)Has good skills at teaching, counseling, nursing, or giving information;4)Values helping people and solving social problems;5)Sees self as helpful, friendly, and trustworthy.In the Social group, for example, there are jobs like coach, umpire, recreation and fitness worker, schoolteacher, special education teacher, instructional coordinator, librarian, childcare worker, personal and homecare aid, dietitian, clergy or religious worker, employment counselor, probation officer, social worker, registered nurse, etc.The Enterprising Personality Type: 1)Likes to lead and persuade people, and to sell things and ideas;2)Generally avoids activities that require careful observation and scientific, analytical thinking;3)Is good at leading people and selling things or ideas;4)Values success in politics, leadership, or business;5)Sees self as energetic, ambitious, and sociable.In the Enterprising group, for example, there are jobs like counter/rental clerk, sales agent, sales representative, travel agent, hair stylist, bartender, flight attendant, reservation or ticket agent, waiter/waitress, lawyer, judge, business manager, management consultant, top executive, school superintendent, public relations specialist, reporter, news analyst, desktop publisher, customs inspector, occupational safety and health specialist, etc.The Conventional Personality Type: 1)Likes to work with numbers, records, or machines in a set，orderly way;2)Generally avoids ambiguous, unstructured activities;3)Is good at working with written records and numbers in a systematic, orderly way;4)Values success in business;5)Sees self as orderly, and good at following a set plan.In the Conventional group, for example, there are jobs like computer operator, data entry keeper, file clerk, mail carrier, office clerk, measurer/checker, typist, bank teller, cashier, dispatcher, receptionist, switchboard operator, loan officer, secretary, administrative assistant, accounting clerk, billing clerk, book-keeper, stock clerk & order filler, claim examiner, hotel /motel desk clerk, etc.Part II Teaching Procedure Reading I I.Key Language Points 1.nanny: n.a woman whose job is to take care of the children in a

family, usually in the family’s own home 保姆，奶妈

Inflected Form(s): plural nannies

【例句】She found a job as a nanny with wealthy Italian family.她找到一份工作，做一个富有的意大利家庭的保姆。

2.辨析career & profession Career:

1）n.a profession for which one trains and which is undertaken as a

permanent calling 需要特别训练的并终身或长期从事的职业；一生的事业

【例句】He realized that his acting career was over.他意识到他的演艺生涯结束了。

【相关搭配】choice of career 职业选择

a career in banking 在银行业的一份职业

a change of career 职业改变

2）adj.career can also be an adjective, which means

professional 职业的

【相关搭配】career soldier 职业军人

career diplomat 职业外交家

career woman /girl职业女性

Profession：n.1）Profession is a form of employment, esp.one that is possible

only for an educated person and after training(such as law, medicine, or

teaching)and that is respected in society as honorable

尤指受过教育和专门训练的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的专业、职业

【例句】He is a lawyer by profession.他是一位职业律师。

The teaching profession claim(s)to be badly paid.教师职业宣称待遇非常差。

He was well respected in the medical profession.他在医药界备受推崇。

【相关搭配】professional standard 专业标准

a professional photographer 职业摄影师

professional foul（体育运动中的）故意犯规

【例句】He is a footballer who turned professional.他刚转为职业足球运动员。

2）Professional can also be a noun, which refers to a person who has great

experience and high professional standards 专业人士；专家；内行

【例句】She’s a real professional.她是一个专业人士。

3.辨析part-time & full-time

part-time：adj.& adv.working for only part of each day or week 兼职的/地

【相关搭配】a part-time job 兼职

full-time: adj.& adv.just the opposite to part-time, meaning ―working

for all the hours of a week 全职的/地

【相关搭配】a part-time student 非全日制学生

a full-time job 全职工作

a full-time student 全日制学生

4.delicious: adj.highly pleasing or agreeable to the senses, especially

of taste or smell 美味的

【相关搭配】a delicious meal 一顿可口的大餐

【例句】After school she made us delicious teas and read us stories in bed.放学后她为我们做了一顿美味的下午茶点，还在床上为我们讲故事。

5.wear:（wore, worn）v.to have something such as clothes, shoes, or

jewelers on your body 穿、戴（衣服，鞋子，珠宝等）

【例句】Susan was wearing a black silk dress.苏珊穿着一套黑色丝织的服装。

He wore glasses for reading.他戴着眼睛看书。

6.uniform: n.a particular type of clothing worn by all the members of a

group or organization such as the police, the army, etc.制服

【例句】He was still wearing his school uniform.他依然穿着校服。

【相关搭配】school /army /police uniform 校服/军装/警服

7.get on with: to form or have a friendly relation 与„„友好相处

【例句】Do you get on well with your boss ? 你和你的老板相处融洽吗？

8.at the time: at the moment when something happened 当时，那时候

【例句】I was living at Beijing at the time.我当时就住在北京。

9.phase: n.one of the stages of a process of development or change 阶段

【例句】It’s just a phase he’s going through.这只是他

必须要经历的一个人生阶段。

【相关搭配】in/out of phase 同步/不同步；协调/不协调

10.go through: to suffer or experience;endure 遭受

【例句】The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家已经遭受了太多的战争。

【相关搭配】go through fire and flood 赴汤蹈火

11.make it up with: to become friends, again(after a quarrel)和解，言归于好

【例句】It’s time you made it up with your sister.是时候你该和你的姐姐和解了。

They made up after an argument.他们在争论后重归于好了。

12.turn out: to happen in a particular way, or to have a

particular result, especially one that you did not expect 证明是„„，结果是„„，发展为„„

【例句】To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong.令我惊讶的是，结果出来证明我是错的。

The job turned out to be harder than I thought.这工作结果比我想的更难。

13.apply for: to make a formal request, usually written, for something

such as a job, a place in a university, or permission to do something

(正式以书面)提出请求或申请，以获得一个大学的一份工作，或获得做某事的许可

【例句】I’ll apply for the job today.今天我要申请这份工作。

【相关搭配】apply sth.to sth.贴，敷，涂

【例句】apply the glue to both surfaces 两面都涂上胶水。

14.a wee bit: rather 有些，有点

【例句】He’ s a wee bit drunk.他有点醉了。

15.take after: to look or behave like(an older relative)

长相或者举止像（某个长辈）（不用于进行式）

【例句】The child took after his father only when seen at a

distance.那个孩子只有在远处看才像他爸爸。

Mary really takes after her mother;she has the same eyes, nose, and hair.玛丽和她妈妈长得很像，她们有一样的眼睛，鼻子和头发。

16.make a decision: to decide after thinking carefully about something，especially about something that is very important下决心，作出决定

【例句】After weeks of sleepless nights, I finally made a decision.经历了几周的不眠夜，我终于做了决定。

【相关搭配】arrive at /come to /reach a decision: to officially decide about

something important after discussing and carefully considering it

经过慎重的讨论和考虑后最终作出决定

【例句】Before reaching a decision the chairman usually talks to senior

managers.在做出决定前，主席通常会找各高级经理谈话。

17.bring up: to educate and care for a child until drown-up 教育，教养（孩子）

【例句】She was brought up to believe that money is not the most important

thing in the world.她自小就被教导金钱并非是世上最重要的东西。

Jack and Tom were born and brought up in the America.杰克和汤姆都出生于美国，并在那里被抚养长大。

18.think of: to take into consideration=think about 考虑；想到

【例句】We are thinking of going to France.我们正在考虑去法国。

I had never thought of becoming a businessman.我从未想过会成为一个生意人。

19.follow in sb.’s footsteps: to follow an example set by someone in the past

继承某人的事业；步某人的后尘

【例句】The girl’s following in her father’s footsteps and studying to be a doctor.这女孩继承她父亲的事业，学习成为一名医生。

20.辨析childish & childlike Childish: adj.1)characteristic of a child 孩子特有的。

【相关搭配】Childish laughter 孩子的笑声

2）(derog 贬）(of an adult)(behaving)like a child;immature;silly

(指成人)（举止）像孩子气的，幼稚的，傻里傻气的【例句】Don’t be so childish.别这么幼稚了。

Childlike: adj.(esp.approv 尤作褒义)like or characteristic of a child;

innocent;not devious 孩子般的，孩子气的，天真无邪的【相关搭配】childlike enjoyment, trust, honesty 孩子般的快乐、信任、诚实

21.make up with / to end a quarrel or dispute with sb.言归于好

【例句】Why don’t you two kiss and make up? 你们两个为什么不接个吻，言归于好呢？

II．Difficult Sentences 1）I know that she and Daddy thought it was just a childish phase I was

going through, but it wasn’t.要点：„„phase I was going through„„.是一个后置的定语从句，先行词是phase，关联词此处省略。

译文：我知道，她和我爸爸都以为那只是我正在经历的孩子气阶段，但事实上不是的。

2）Everything has turned out for the best.要点：It proves that everything is going on well.译文：一切都在慢慢转好。

3)I had a nanny when I was a child but I never thought of being one

myself, but times have changed and ―nannying‖ has been socially acceptable

for a long time.要点：Taking a job as a child’s nurse is accepted in the society.It implies

that the occupation is not despised by the society.译文：在我孩提时代我家里有个保姆但我从未想过我有一天自己会去从事这个行业，但随着时代的改变，这个行业已经被社会广为接受好久了。

III． Structure of Reading I Part I(Paragraph 1)Introduction: What is the background of Amanda Peniston-Bird?

Amanda is a daughter of a judge and specializes in being nanny for two

years.Part II(Paragraph 2-3)

To Amanda, what’s the impression about the two nannies they got? 1)As to the first one, she was young, wonderful and responsible though

she was just a part-time student worker.2)To the latter one, she was traditional and professional, Amanda enjoyed

the whole course of being taking care of.What happens to Amanda’s family after her choice-making to be a nanny? At first, there were a terrible row with her families and her parents were

very angry about her decision.They made it up before she went to college，finally her parents changed their opinions and had encouraged her ever

since.Part III(Paragraph 4)

What’s Amanda’s mother’s opinion about their daughter’s career decision? She and her husband gradually accepted the fact and respected her

daughter’s choice.She felt proud about her daughter’s independent

thinking and realized the wide acceptance of this career.Reading II I.Notes 1.gardener: n.someone whose job is to grow flowers and plants and work

gardens 园林工人；园艺家

[相关词]

gardening: n.the activity of working in a garden, growing plants, cutting

a lawn etc.园艺学

2.surgeon: n.a doctor whose job is to perform medical operations.The

performing of medical operations is called surgery.外科手术

[相关词] a trees surgeon: it refers to an expert who is specially trained to treat

diseased trees.In other words, a tree surgeon is a tree doctor.外科医师

3.Oxford University: a famous university at Oxford, England, founded in

the 1200’s 牛津大学

4.archaeology: n.the scientific study of historic or prehistoric people

and their cultures by examining the remains of their houses，pots, tools，tombs and other objects 考古学

5.drop out:

1)If someone drops out, it means he leaves school, college or university

before his course of study has finished and he has no intention of

returning.退学

【例句】One third of the city’s students drop out before graduation.这个城市有三分之一的学生在毕业前退学。

2）“Do drop out “can also mean to move away from or refuse to join ordinary

society because of not agreeing with accepted practice, standards, and

ways of living.由于不能接受或同意生活的标准或方式而远离甚至拒绝接触社会

[相关搭配] drop out of society 隐退；遁世

6.surveyor: n.a person whose job is to survey or measure buildings and

land.土地测量员；建筑物鉴定人

7.interior designer: a person whose job is to plan and choose the colors，furnishing, etc., for the inside of a room or house.An interior designer

usually does not do the actual work of putting them in.Actually, he just

designs.室内装修师（通常不实际参与具体工作）

8.Tudor house: a house with the Tudor style.Tudor style refers to the

style of architecture which was once very popular in the Tudor dynasty in

Britain.9.acre: n.a unit for measuring land area, now equal to 43,560 square

feet or 4,047 square metres英亩

10.drive: n.There are different words for the idea of ―road ‖.You may

refer to the following table: drive / driveway（私用车道）a road for vehicles that connects a

private house or garage with the street

road（马路）a hard level surface made for cars and other vehicles to

travel on

street（街道）a road with houses or shops

path(小径)a winding way made by or for people walking over the

ground

avenue（林荫道）a broad street in a town sometimes having trees on

each side

highway（公路）an American word meaning a wide fast road that connects

big cities and towns

expressway/freeway（高速公路）an American word meaning a wide fast road

that takes traffic into and out of a big city and is often very busy.motorway（高速公路）a British word meaning a wide fast road that

connects big cities and towns for fast long-distance travel

track（小道，小径）a narrow rough road leading to a farm or a field，usually formed by the pressure of farm vehicles on the ground

lane（小路，小巷）a narrow winding road connecting villages or farms

passage（走廊，过道）a long narrow connecting way inside a building

alley（小巷，胡同）a very narrow street or path between buildings in a

town

11.pick up: learn something easily without making much effort 轻松学会

【例句】I picked up quite a lot of Spanish when I was in Spain last summer.去年夏天我在西班牙的时候轻松学会了很多西班牙语。

12.furious: adj.very angry in an uncontrolled way, in a fury。狂怒的

【例句】He will be furious with us if we are late.如果我们迟到他会发飙的。

13.carry on: If you carry on doing something, you continue to do it in

spite of interruptions or difficulties.继续

【例句】We carried on our discussion after lunch.吃完午饭后我们继续讨论。

14.The moment …: ―the Moment‖ can be used to introduce

a time adverbial

in the pattern ―the moment(that)somebody does something‖, meaning as

soon as someone does something.【例句】He said he would phone you the moment he got home.他说他一到家就给你电话。

15.enjoy every moment of sth.: enjoy something very much 好好享受每一刻

16.redundant: adj.no longer employed because there is not enough work，usu.used with “make” 失业的

【例句】Seventy men in the factory were made redundant because of falling

demand for products.由于产品需求的下降，工厂里有70人被迫下岗。

17.be taken aback: If you are taken aback, you are so surprised or

shocked by something unexpected that you have to pause

for a moment and

cannot think or do anything.大吃一惊

【例句】I was rather taken aback by his rudeness.我被他的粗鲁吓了一大跳。

18.makes them respect…;help them plan …: these are V + O + Inf.(without

to)constructions.Some verbs can be used with a bare infinitive

(不带to的不定式)as object complement（宾语补足语）, such as make, have, help, let，see, hear, watch, and feel.【例句】She had them read the letter.I often hear them sing the song.Suddenly we felt the atmosphere grow tense.She lets her children stay up very late.Could you help me unload the car?

My new position made them respect me more.19.delighted: adj.1）When somebody feels pleased or satisfied, we say “he is delighted ”.高兴的

【例句】We were delighted with the effect of our advertisement.当我们的广告效果出来的时候我们十分高兴。

2）But if something is satisfactory and pleasant, we say “it is delightful

”.令人雀跃的

20.manual labor: Manual labor is the kind of work in which you use your

hands or your physical strength rather than your mind.体力劳动The kind of

work which involves the use of the mind is called “mental work.” 智力劳动

21.only son: one with no brothers or sisters 独生子

22.fall out: If you fall out with someone, you quarrel or have an

argument with someone and stop being friendly with him or her.吵架

【例句】Jane and Paul have fallen out with each other over the education of

their children.简和保罗就孩子的教育问题大吵了一架。

23.miserable: adj.unhappy, uncomfortable 悲惨的24.millionaire: n.a person who has a million pound or dollars;very rich

person 百万富翁

II．Difficult Sentences 1)But I knew it was a waste of time to carry on studying archaeology, and

the moment I started gardening again, I knew I’d made the right decision.要点：“a waste of time”, 浪费时间；

“the moment I started„.”是时间状语从句，the moment

引导的，相当于as soon as ；

译文：但我知道，继续学考古学对我而言只是浪费时间，而我再次开始从事园艺，我就知道，我做的决定是对的。

2)Times have changed and all kinds of people do all kinds of work, and I

think the world’s a better place for it.要点：„ I think the world’s a better place for it 中的’s 不是属格，而是实义动词have 的第三人称单数形式。

译文：时代在转变，人们从事着各种各样的工作，我相信这世界会给它一个更好的认可。

Word Study 1.adore

基本用法

1)vt.to like very much 非常喜欢

【例句】She adores the cinema /going to the cinema.我非常喜欢看电影。

2)vt.to love deeply and respect highly（无进行式）敬慕，爱慕

【例句】He adores his elder brother.他非常敬慕他哥哥。

相关词

adoration n.敬慕；敬仰

【例句】He looked at Julia in obvious adoration.他用一种明显的敬仰的眼神看着朱丽叶。

adorable adj.迷人的；可爱的

【例句】What an adorable baby!好可爱的宝宝!2.realize 基本用法

1)vt.to understand and believe(a fact);be or become conscious of

（不用于进行式）了解；领悟；认识到

【例句】He didn't realize the risk he was taking.他根本没意识到他正在冒险。

Do you realize you are being impolite? 你知道你现在很不

礼貌吗？

2)vt.to make(a hope, purpose, goal, etc.)real 使（希望、目的、目标等）实现

【例句】My worst fears were realized when I saw what the exam questions were.当我看到了试卷的题目，我最不希望的事情还是发生了。

相关词

realization n.认识；体会；领悟；实现

【例句】Getting this role in the film was a realization of her childhood

dreams.可以得到这部电影里的角色是他儿提时代的梦想的实现。

realizable adj.可以实现的

【例句】Our hopes are hardly realizable.我们的希望几乎是很难实现的。

相关搭配：

realize one’s long-cherished wish 实现夙愿

self-realization 本人才能的充分发挥

3.row

基本用法

1)n.a noisy quarrel;a public argument;a dispute or controversy 争吵；辩论；争论

【例句】Rows about /over money are the common reason for the breakdown of

marriages.为钱而争论是许多婚姻破裂的最常见的原因。

have rows /a row with sb.与某人争吵

【例句】I had a row with my boyfriend last night.昨晚我和男友大吵了一架。

2)n.a noise（贬义）喧闹声；吵闹声

make a row 吵吵嚷嚷

【例句】Stop making such a row;I can’ sleep.别发出那样的噪音，我无法入睡。

3)vi.(British English)to argue in an angry way 争吵；吵架

【例句】I’m not going to row with you –I’d just like you to explain.我不打算和你吵架，我只想听你解释。

vt.to move a boat through the water with oars 划船

【例句】Can you row(a boat)? 你会划船吗？

5)n.a neat line(of people or things)side by side 一排；一行；一列

【例句】 a row of houses 一排房子

相关搭配：

in rows /a row（排成、站成）一排/行/列

【例句】The children stood in row.孩子们站成一排。

in a row 一个接一个地；没有间断

【例句】She won the competition three times in a row.她连赢三次。

row upon row 一排一排地

【例句】She could see row upon row of people waiting to be served.她看到有成排的人等着接受服务。

a blazing row 大吵一顿

【例句】We had a blazing row a couple of years ago and I haven’t seen her

since.自从几年前我们大吵一架至今我都没有再见到过她。

4.turn

基本用法

1）vi./vt.to move around a central or fixed point 旋转；转动

【例句】The big wheel turned slowly.这个大车轮慢慢的转动。

2)vi.to change so as to become(esp.sth.bad)转变成（尤指不好的状况）；使成为

【例句】The milk has turned sour.牛奶已经变酸了

3)vt.to go round 拐过；拐弯

【例句】The car turned the corner.车已经拐弯了。

4)n.转动；旋动；转弯；顺序

【例句】You have missed your turn so you’ll have to wait.你已经错过了轮到你的那次，等吧。

相关搭配：

turn one’s back on 反对

turn a deaf ear to 对„„充耳不闻

turn a blind eye to 对„„视而不见

take turns 轮流

the turn of the century 世纪之交

by turns 轮流；依次

out of the turn 不合时宜地；鲁莽地

5．spend

基本用法

1）vt.to pass or use(time)消磨（时间）；度过（时间）

Spend…(time)doing sth.(with sb.)

【例句】We spent a pleasant hour or two talking with our friends.我们在同朋友交谈中愉快地度过了一两个小时。

2)vi./ vt.to give out in payment for goods or services 用（钱）；花费

spend …(money)on sth.【例句】I’m good at spending but not at saving.我擅长于花钱而不是存钱。

3)vt.to wear out or use completely 耗尽；用尽

【例句】The storm soon spent itself /its force.spender n.花费者

spent adj.用过的；失效的；不再使用的【例句】spent cartridge 空弹壳

spending n.花费；支出

【例句】government /public /state spending

defense / education /health spending

相关搭配：

spending money 零花钱

spendthrift 奢侈的人

money well spent 值得花的钱

【例句】The repairs cost quite a lot, but it was money well spent.Grammar Focus

Describe people’s appearance

1.整体描写和局部描写

在描写人物时，我们通常会使用一些形容词描述人的身体各部分：体形、脸形、面颊、鼻子、眼睛、嘴巴、下巴、牙齿、头发的颜色和发型以及肤色等。有些形容词属于整体描写，例如：cool（酷），fashionable（时髦的）, healthy, strong, tall, meager, smart，kind等；有些形容词属于局部描写，需要与某些身体器

官搭配使用，例如：round face, deep-set eyes（深陷的双眼）,red

cheeks（红色的面颊）, crooked nose（鹰钩鼻子）,pointed chin（尖下巴）,big mouth, even teeth

（平整的牙齿）,blonde hair（金发）, curly hair（卷发）, sunburned skin（晒黑的皮肤）等。

2．生理特征的描写和人格特征的描写

以上与人体器官搭配的形容词都属于生理特征描写。但除了生理描写外，我们也可以描写人的性格特征，例如：generous

（慷慨的）,modest（谦虚的）,honest, serious, obstinate（固执的）, self-conceited(自负的)，kind-hearted（善良的）等

3．单个形容词和复合形容词

有些形容词由单个词构成，例如：tall, short, fat, thin slim

;有些形容词由两、三个词共同构成，成为复合形容词，例如：snow-white（雪白的），suntanned（黝黑的），ordinary-looking（相貌平平的）warm-hearted（热心的）等。

4．常用于人物描写的语法结构

系动词＋形容词或名词

【例句】My brother is tall and handsome.He is tall and sturdy（强壮）.The boy is extremely bright.My mother is thrifty with money.As a child, he is meager（瘦的）and weak.The old man looks thin.He looks old and his hair is all white.The girl tends to be jealous of those who make greater progress.形容词＋名词

【例句】a serious –looking face a grey –haired woman

a wrinkled face a bad temper

a pretty girl a timid boy

Tom has a strong body and high intelligence.动词＋副词

【例句】live happily;work actively

介词＋名词

【例句】of medium build;of great wisdom

5．描写人物的基本原则

1）描写要具体，避免笼统化，应注重细节描写，体现人物的音容笑貌。在实践中，学习者要避一些泛泛而谈的词，例如：awful, bad，beautiful, fine, good, great, interesting, lovely, nice, pretty，wonderful等。好的描写需要注意具体的细节，所以用词要具体化。

【例句】He was thin, short, and dark.His hair was like a bundle of straw.His

dirty clothes and tired look were clearly signs of a long travel.His

clothes were made of cheap cloth.The coat was too short and the trousers

too loose.And he wore a pair of rubber shoes, which were very

unfashionable.He did not look smart at all.2）生理特征描写应与人物的性格、思想和要表达的情感相结合，并通过具体的事例得以体现，表现出人物的特性和特征。

【例句】Most Jewish women of her age were sickly, weak, broken in body.But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors.His gaunt, expressive face was dominated by piercing eyes, conveying a mixture of intensity and repose, of wariness and calm self-confidence.He wore an immaculately tailored gray coat, at once simple and elegant.He moved gracefully and with dignity, filling a room tot by his physical dominance but by his air of controlled tension, steely discipline, and self-control.As if he were a boiled spring.He conveyed an easy casualness, which, however, did not deceive the careful observer.The quick smile, the comprehending expression that made clear that he understood English even without translation, the palpable alertness, were clearly the features of a man who had had burned into him by a searing half-century the vital importance of

self-possession.Function and Structure 1.It is important to learn how to say thanks and how to show your appreciation the proper way.Here are some tips: At a party —Take your cue from the host.If he went to the trouble to mail an invitation, send him a note in return.Receiving a Gift—If you thank a person profusely(极多地)after receiving a gift, it’s not necessary to send a note —so it makes you look extra-classy when you do.A business Function —If you’ve been at a formal business meeting and want to thank potential clients or business partners, type a paper note.If the event is a lunch or social function, write it by hand.2.In business, it is customary to express appreciation to people who help your company succeed.In fact, the absence of a ―thank you‖ may be misunderstood to mean the effort was not appreciated.Thanking customers has always been very effective for building royalty, demonstrating corporate commitment to service, generating referral business and differentiating a

business from the rest.There are a variety of ways to express gratitude.The way in which you thank your customers does not have to cost a lot of money and nothing says ―you are important‖ like a handwritten note.A short handwritten note has the power of personal engagement and high impact.It’s a small gesture but keeps customers coming back.Inside a business, when a boss wants to motivate his or her employees, a simple ―thank you‖ also works best.A smart employer knows it well that frequent recognition of accomplishments is the best way to encourage employees.Homework 1.Vocabulary 2.Grammar 3.Reading Summary In this unit, students have known main content of this unit.After class, students should learn more details.

第五篇：精读教案6

Unit 6 Jewelry

Teaching Time: six periods Part I Pre-learning I.Teaching Aims

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: A.Know the general knowledge about different kinds of Jewelry as well as diamond.B.Learn to use the communicative skill of “making an apology”.C.Master the use of article.D.Grasp the words or phrases related to diamond.II.Teaching Important and Difficult Points Cultural Background

A.Different kinds of jewels:(precious)stones: a rare and valuable kind of mineral.宝石

gem: a pearl of mineral that has been cut and polished for use as an

ornament.宝石，珠宝

ruby: a bright red precious stone.红宝石

sapphire: a kind of transparent precious stone of a bright blue color.蓝宝石

emerald: a bright green precious stone.祖母绿，绿宝石

opal: a precious stone which looks like milky water with colors in it.蛋白石，猫眼石

jade: a precious, usually green stone from which ornaments or jewelry are

made.玉，翡翠

amber: a yellowish brown hard clear substance used for ornaments or

jewelry.琥珀

jet: a hard, black material that can be made to shine brightly used to

make ornaments.黑玉

topaz: a transparent yellowish mineral.黄晶，黄玉

pearl: a hard round small silvery-white mass formed inside the shell of

shellfish.珍珠

B.Diamonds Diamond(金刚石，钻石)is a clear, very hard and valuable stone, used in jewelry

and in industry, for example, a diamond engagement ring.It is the

birthstone of April and anniversary gemstone for the 10th and 60th years

of marriage.Diamond was discovered in 500 B.C.in India.The name

“diamond” comes from the Greek word “adamas” which means unconquerable---

suggesting the eternity(永恒)of love.Since ancient Greece diamond has

been the traditional symbol of love.The ancients believed they were

hardened dew(露水)drops, splinters(碎片)from the stars or crystallized

lighting.A diamond, the hardest substance known to man, is a crystallized

carbon which has unique powers of light reflection.Because it is composed

of a single element, a diamond is the purest of all gemstones.Diamond is

a colorless stone.Some other occasional colors are: blue, yellow, amber

(琥珀色的), red, green, pink.C.World production of natural diamonds World natural diamond production for 2003 has been estimated at a total of

million carats(1.克拉: 宝石重量单位=200毫克 2.开: 黄金纯度单位, 纯金为24开)with a value

of US$ 9.4 billion.About 20% of this volume are gems, which will be

polished and set into diamond jewelry and 45% are near-gems, which would

have been graded as industrial 40 years ago but are now polished by the

vast low-cost Indian cutting industry.The balance is of industrial

quality.DeBeers is the largest diamond miner in the world.Its mines in

Botswana, South Africa, Namibia and Tanzania produced 41%(US$ 3.9

billion)by value or 31% by caratage(43.9 million carats)of the world’s

2003 production.The company’s marketing arm, the Diamond Trading

Company(DTC), sold 48% of world total production---a steep fall from the

recent past when(in 2000)the company’s market share was about 60% and

the 1970s and 1980s when it was 80%.In 2003, Canada’s Northwest

Territories mines produced 11.2 million carats, 7.5% of the world total by

weight, worth an estimated value of US$ 1024 billion, which is over 12% of

the world total by value, making Canada the third largest producer of

diamond in the world, behind Bostwana and Russia, surpassing South Africa

and Angola.A large production of the gem-quality diamond produced by both

the mines in the NWT is in the range of high color and quality, and in

sizes that are most in demand in the world’s leading consumer market, the

USA.Botswana was again the world’s number one diamond-producing country

in 2003 terms of value(estimated at US$ 2.48 billion)and only marginally

behind Australian in carats mined(30.4 million carats).South Africa

contributed an estimated 12.4 million carats to the world’s total

production, which represents about 11% by value(US$ 1.1 billion), 96% of

which comes from mines owned by DeBeers.Namibia now recovers about half

of its diamonds from mining the sea bed with the remainder being found on

its beaches, which have been swept for alluvial diamonds since 1908.The

stones are high in average value, though small in average size.Russia is

the world’s number two producer of diamonds.All the mines are situated in

the Western Yakuti(西伯利亚的雅库特地区), and are owned by the state company

Alrosa.In Russia, half of the rough output is currently sold for

polishing and half is exported.Part II Teaching Procedure Reading I I.Key Language Points 1.jewelry: n.“Jewel” is a countable noun, meaning a valuable stone, such as a diamond，while “jewelery” is an uncountable noun, meaning small things that you

wear for decoration, such as bracelets(手镯), rings, earrings or necklaces

made of precious metals set with gems(宝石)or imitation gems.“Jewellery”

is British English spelling, and in American English it is spelt as

“jewelry”.As it is uncountable, we need to use words such as “a piece of”

or “a lot of” with it if the quantity is mentioned.【例句】a piece of jewelry She wears a lot of gold jewelry.2.to do with: be related to something, or be involved with something 【例句】Their conversation had been largely to do with work.他们谈论的话题主要是和工作有关的事情。

I’m sorry about the accident, but it’s nothing to do with me.出现这样的事故，我感到很遗憾，但我与这事没有一点关系。

This question doesn’t have anything to do with the main topic of the

survey.这个问题和调查的主题没有任何关系。

3.as had been this father: In this sentence, “as” is used to introduce a

non-restrictive attributive clause.This usage is frequently found in

English.【例句】Fred, as might be expected, was attending the conference.像大家预期的那样，弗雷德当时参加了会议。

He is absent, as is often the case.他迟到了，这是经常发生的事情。

When used to introduce attributive clause, as is more often found together

with “such” or “same”.【例句】Such women as knew Tom thought he was charming.认识汤姆的女士都认为他很有魅力。

I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他告诉我的这些故事。

You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.你要像尊敬我一样尊敬我的妻子。

She knew he felt just the same as she did.她知道他和自己有同样的感受。

4.be true of / for: something that is true of a group of people relates

to all the people in that group 适用于;符合于

【例句】Parents of young children often become depressed, and this is

especially true of single parents.孩子很小的父母亲们经常情绪低落，那些单亲家长们更是如此。

I’m very sorry that you’ve decided to leave, and I am sure that holds true

for everyone else here.你决定离去，我感到很难过，我相信，这里的每个人都会如此。

5.in particular: especially 【例句】I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were such an unusual

color.我特别注视着他的眼睛，因为他的眼睛的颜色非同寻常。

6.be cut out for sth./to do sth.: to be naturally well suited for sth.天然适合于(有做...的天赋,很相配)【例句】I am not cut out for city life.我不适合在城市生活。

I am not cut out for teaching / politics.我不适合当老师/搞政治。

7.be apprenticed to: to be an apprentice to sb.成为学徒

【例句】She was apprenticed to a plumber.她曾学徒做过管道工。

Bill didn’t go to college, now that he was apprenticed to a carpenter.贝尔没有去上大学，因为他学徒做了木匠。

The boy was apprenticed to a carpenter.这个男孩被送去学木匠。

[相关词]apprentice n.学徒, 实习生

【例句】My grandfather learnt shoe-making as an apprentice to a master

craftsman.我祖父跟一位大师傅当学徒,学会了制鞋。

He began his career as an apprentice.他以当学徒开始他的职业生涯。

8.intuition: n.instinctive knowing(without the use of rational

processes)直觉

【例句】My intuition told me he wasn’t to be trusted.直觉告诉我他不值得信任。She had an intuition that her friend was ill.她有一种直觉:她的朋友病了。

I had a sudden intuition about the missing jewels.我凭直觉突然对失去的珠宝有所感知。

9.tension:

1)n.the amount of a force stretching something 张力；拉力

【例句】This wire will take 50 pounds tension before breaking.这根金属线在断裂之前能承受五十磅的张力。

The tension was so great that the rope broke.绳子拉得太紧绷断了。

2)n.mental strain;excitement 心理紧张；兴奋

【例句】We feel some tension before we take an exam.考试之前，我们觉得有点紧张。

Tension mounted as we waited for the exam results to be

published.我们在等待公布考试结果时气氛越来越紧张。

3)n.an anxious, untrusting, and perhaps dangerous condition in the

relationship between people, countries, etc.(一般用复数)紧张关系；紧张局势

【例句】The border dispute has been a continuing source of tension.边界争端一直是紧张局势的根源。

10.split: vi./vt.to divide into separate parts 分裂, 分开

【例句】He spent the whole morning splitting the wood.他整个一上午都在劈柴。

Disagreements split the party into rival factions.意见分歧使该党分裂为对立的几派。

The huge tree split when struck by lightning.这棵大树遭雷击时被劈开了。

The old farm has been split up into house lots.这古老的农场已被划分为一块块的宅地。

11.take one’s time:

1)to take more time than is reasonable 拖拉，慢吞吞

【例句】The old lady took her time as she walked up the steps.这位老太太慢慢地爬上楼梯。

2)to use as much time as is necessary, not hurry不慌不忙，从容。

【例句】Please take your time, there is no rush.你慢慢来，没有关系，并不急。

12.choosy: adj.picky;difficult to please 挑剔的；难伺候的[相关搭配] be choosy about: be particular about 对„挑剔

【例句】She's very choosy about who she goes out with.她愿意和谁幽会不愿意和谁幽会是很挑剔的。

He is very choosy about what he eats.他对吃的东西非常讲究。

She is particular about what she eats.她过分讲究吃。

13.irritate: 1)vt.to make angry or impatient 激怒，使烦躁

【例句】 His letter irritated me a little.他的信使我有点恼火。

2)vt.make part of the body a little hurt or uncomfortable 刺激；使难受

【例句】The cigarette smoke irritates my eyes.香烟的烟雾刺得我眼睛难受。

[相关词]

irritation n.the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed

激怒；生气，恼怒

【例句】He could not hide his irritation that he had not been invited.他无法掩饰因未被邀请而生的气恼。

irritable adj.easily annoyed 易怒的,急躁的

【例句】The old man is an irritable person.那个老人是个易怒的人。

14.bachelor:

1)n.an unmarried man 未婚男子；单身汉

【例句】He remained a bachelor all his life.他终生未娶

2)n.[C] 学士

【例句】a Bachelor of Arts文学士(略作 BA,B.A.,A.B.)a Bachelor of Medicine医学士(略作B.M.)a Bachelor of Science理学士（略作 B.S）

bachelor’s degree 学士学位

15.in someone’s stead: in someone’s place;instead of someone(正式）代替某人

【例句】She asked me to attend the meeting in her stead 她要我替她去参加会议。

I can't attend the meeting but I'll send my assistant in my stead.这个会我来不了, 我让助手代我出席。

16.in communion with:(formal)in special relationship with someone or

something which makes you feel that you understand them very well 与...有联络，有共同利害关系

【例句】He lived in close communion with nature/ God.他与大自然为伴。

[相关词] commune v.to get very close to someone or something by exchanging feeling

or thoughts 与...建立密切关系（with）

【例句】I often walk by the sea to commune with nature.我常在海滨漫步，与大自然神交。

17.fall apart: to break(into piece)分裂；破碎；崩溃

【例句】My car is falling apart.我的汽车要散架了。

Their marriage finally fell apart.他们的婚姻终于破裂了。

She fell apart completely, crying like a baby.她完全崩溃了，哭得像个孩子。

18.an odd chance that… unusual: “that” here is an adverb of degree, which

means “so” or “to such a degree”.【例句】It wasn’t that good, actually.事实上，没有那么好。

Is the problem that easy? 问题有那么简单吗? He knows only that much.他只知道那么多。

I was that angry I could have hit him.我十分生气, 简直想揍他。

19.infect:

1)vt.to fill(sb.’s mind or spirit)with feelings(感情上)感染（别人）

【例句】She infected the whole class with her laughter.她的笑声感染了全班同学。Her cheerful spirits and bubble laughter infect the whole class.她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班。

2)vt.(of disease)to get into the body of someone, often through the

air(疾病)感染/传染（别人）

【例句】The open wound soon became infected.裸露的伤口很快就受到了感染。

[相关搭配] be infected with

【例句】I was infected with a bad cold by my brother.我哥哥把重感冒传染给我。

[相关词] infection n.传染

【例句】He suffered from a lung infection.他肺部受到了感染。

infectious adj.传染性的

【例句】Their enthusiasm was infectious.他们的热情有感染力。

Flu is an infectious disease characterized by fever, aches and pains and

exhaustion.流感是一种传染病，其特征是发热、全身疼痛和疲乏无力。

20.destined: adj.intended in advance or by fate 注定的；命中注定的；预定的【例句】He was destined never to meet her again.命运注定他再也见不到她。

The man is destined for success.这个人注定要成功的。

It was destined that they would marry.他们结婚是缘分。

[相关词] destiny n.fate.命运；天数；天命

【例句】a master of one's own destiny 掌握自己的命运的人

It was his destiny to die in a foreign country.他注定要客死异国。

Your destiny is interwoven with mine.你的命运已和我的命运结合在一起了。

II．Difficult Sentences 1)His father was to do with diamonds, as had been his father.要点：The job his(Ephraim’s)father did is about diamonds, and his

grandfather did this job too.这类似于下面结构的用法，so+ 助动词/ be动词/ 情态动词＋主语

【例句】 He is a teacher, so was his father.他是老师，他的父亲也曾是。

译文：他父亲从事的工作与钻石有关，他的祖父也是这样。

2)To cut a diamond perfectly is an act like a samurai’s sword-thrust, or

a master archer’s centered arrow.要点：This sentence means: If a samurai intends to make a correct thrust at

his rival with his sword or a master archer wants to shot an arrow in the

center of the target without missing it, perfect skills are needed.Likewise, splitting a diamond perfectly also needs excellent skills.译文：要完美的切割钻石，就像武士准确地刺向自己的对手，高明的弓箭手每次都射中

靶心一样，需要高超的技艺。

3)When an important diamond is shaped a man may spend a week …will split

it exactly so.要点：In this long sentence, the structure “spend„(in)doing sth.” is used

and the word “moment” is modified by the attributive clause introduced by

“when”.译文：当打造一颗重要的钻石时，一个人可能要花一周甚至几周时间去研究它，要集中所有的记忆、直觉和注意力，直到最后确定用恰如其分的轻敲力才会将原石准确地按需要分开。

4)He was the son who took his time about getting married, and about…… who

refused to fulfill the ordinary purpose of nature.要点：This sentence means: He(Ephraim)was such a person who didn’t want to

marry early and not paid more attention to what his family members said，sometimes jokingly, about his unwillingness to get married soon because he

was choosy.But when other people spoke of him with a sharp tone, the

family members had nothing to say.Why those people blamed him with such a

harmful, threatened tune was that they felt very angry when people like

Ephraim refused to get married and have children.译文：他总是不把结婚放在心上，对于家人开玩笑说是太挑剔了，他也不太在意。当别人生气地，有时恶意地，甚至用威胁的语气谈到此事时，他的家人无话可说。人们之所以这样说是因为像Ephraim

这样不想结婚养孩子的行为让他们感到生气。

5)Nothing was expected of him.要点：His family members didn’t expect him to make any great achievements in

his career.expect sb./sth.of sth.期望（某人）；指望（某人）

【例句】I wouldn’t have expected such rudeness of you.我没有想到你这样粗鲁。

Don’t expect too much of his idea.别指望他能有什么好主意。

译文：他的家人并不指望他能在工作上有任何大的作为。

6)He should have flown home again;but the merchant asked him to dinner.要点：“should have + V-ed” refers to obligation unfulfilled, that is, an

action which should take place in the past was actually not performed.【例句】You should have switched off the electric current.你本应该把电源切断。

译文：他本打算再坐飞机回到家去，但这位商人邀请他一起共进晚餐。

III． Structure of Reading I Part I(Paragraph 1-2)Introduction: The trade of diamond-cutting by mentioning the man called

Ephraim.1)Ephraim’s family was to do with the diamonds.2)Stating that Diamond-cutting needs excellent skills by comparing it to

a samurai’s sword-thrust and a master archer’s centered-arrow.Part II(Paragraph 3-5)

Ephraim’s experience of successful cutting a diamond for a rich

merchant made his skill known and he became a master diamond-cutter.Reading II 1.Notes 1.deposit:

1)n.first payment for something 存款, 定金

【例句】a bank deposit银行存款 demand deposit 活期存款

You must pay a deposit if you want to reserve the room.你要预订房间，就得先付定金。

2)n.something deposited 矿层, 堆积物;储量

【例句】diamond deposit钻石储量

deposit of crude oil原油储量

The country is short of known deposits of coal.这个国家缺少已知的煤矿矿床。There are rich deposits of gold in those hills.在那些山里有一些富金矿。

3)v.put something somewhere to keep it safe 放下, 寄存, 存放

【例句】You may deposit your case in the left luggage office.你可以把手提箱存放在寄存处。

4)v.沉淀;堆放；沉积

【例句】When the River Nile is in flood, it deposits a layer of mud on the

fields.尼罗河泛滥时, 便在田野上沉积一层泥。

2.Kimberley: a city in the central Republic of South Africa, famous for

its diamond mines.It is called Diamond City and still thought of as the

diamond capital of the world.金伯利市（南非）

3.extensive: adj.large in amount, area or range 广泛的，深远的;广阔的【例句】extensive knowledge广博的知识 extensive reading泛读

We had fairly extensive discussions.我们进行了相当广泛的讨论。

They own extensive land by the ocean.他们拥有海边的辽阔土地。

4.Siberia: a vast region of northeast Russia, extending from the Ural

Mountains(乌拉尔山脉)to the Pacific(太平洋)西伯利亚

5.crystal: n.a transparent(透明的)natural mineral that looks like ice 水晶

6.crystalline: adj.made of crystals 水晶的, 透明的, 结晶性的【例句】crystalline carbon水晶碳

crystalline rocks水晶岩

7.individual

1)adj.for one person or thing only 单独的；个别的【例句】individual economy 个体经济

A teacher can't give individual attention to each pupil if his class is

large.如果班上的人数多，老师就不能给予个别辅导了。

2)adj.独特的;个性的, 有特性的

【例句】The model has an individual way of dressing.这个模特儿有着独特的穿衣方式。

3)n.each person, by himself, not with others 个人;个体

【例句】Exceptions can not be made for individuals.对个人不能有例外。

8.boart: n.(also called bort or bortz)a quantity of low-quality

diamonds and small fragments, valuable only in crushed or powdered(粉未状的)form 圆粒金刚石

9.carbonado: n.a massive black variety of diamond, found chiefly near

Salvador(萨尔瓦多[拉丁美洲]), Brazil, and formerly used for drilling and other

cutting purposes 黑金刚石

10.cluster: n.number of things of the same kind growing closely

together串；束,簇；群,组

【例句】There was a little cluster of admirers around the actress.女演员周围拥着一小群崇拜者。

11.polish: 1)n.光泽, 优雅, 精良

【例句】A hot plate will spoil the polish on this table.热盘子会毁坏桌面的光泽。

2)v.抛光, 磨光, 擦亮;使精练（优美），润饰(文章)【例句】polish shoes 擦鞋

He polished his spectacles with a handkerchief before answering.回答之前, 他用手帕擦拭了一下眼镜。

The speaker spent several days polishing her lecture.演讲者花了几天时间润饰她的演讲稿。

12.revolving: adj.cause to move by turning over or in a circular manner

of as if on an axis 旋转的, 周转的, 循环的【例句】a revolving door 旋转门

I think they are using a revolving stage.我想他们用一种旋转舞台。

[相关词] revolve: v.turn on or around an axis or a center 旋转,考虑,循环

【例句】My life revolves around my job.我的工作是我生活的中心。

The earth revolves round the sun.地球环绕太阳运行。

13.bore:

1)v.to make someone feel tired;not to be interesting 使烦扰

【例句】He bores me with his endless tales.他那讲不完的故事使我厌烦。He bored us all by talking for hours about his new house.他连续几个小时大谈他的新房子，使我们大家都厌烦透了。

2)v.make a narrow, round, deep hole 钻孔

【例句】The worker bored a hole through the board.工人在木板上钻了一个孔。

[相关词] boring adj.dull;not interesting

【例句】I found the talk very boring.我觉得那次讲话非常没意思。

bored adj.not interested;unhappy because you have nothing interesting to

do 厌烦的

【例句】The teacher went over the same point so often that the children were

bored.那位教师对同一问题讲了又讲，讲得孩子们都烦了。

14.cleave: v.separate or cut with a tool, such as a sharp instrument 劈开;

把„分成若干块

[相关词] cleavage n.split or division;line along which material such as rock or

wood splits.裂缝；分开

15.respective: adj.各自的,各个的

【例句】He drove them both to their respective homes.他驾车把他们分别送到家里。

The three men were given work according to their respective abilities.这三个人根据各自的能力被分配了工作。

[相关词] respectively adv.各自地,分别地

【例句】The salesclerks and the teachers got pay rises of 6% and 9%

respectively.店员和教师的工资分别增加百分之六和百分之九。

16.take on: 1)accept a job;promise to do something 承担, 接受

【例句】The doctor says I'm too tired and has advised me not to take any more

work on.医生说我太疲劳了，并劝我不要承担更多的工作。

2)呈现出

【例句】Her eyes took on a hurt expression.她的眼里流露出受委屈的神情。

3)employ;hire;engage 雇用

【例句】He was taken on by a factory as a worker.他被一家工厂录用当工人。

17.diamond-faced: 表面装有金刚石的或钻石的

-faced: having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number

(often used in combination)(常用以构成复合词)具有...脸型的, 有...表面的, 有...贴边的【例句】 sad-faced 一脸悲伤的 rough-faced 表面粗糙的II．Difficult Sentences 1)Some of the earliest diamonds known came from India.要点：Some of the earliest diamonds which are known to people/ which people

have known came from India.Known一词作后置定语，修饰diamonds.过去分词(短语)作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has

ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

Who were the so-called guests invited(=who had been invited)to

your party last night?

昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀? 文中同样的用法还有第三段句子The name “boart” is given to...material already mentioned.及第七段第一句中mention的用法。

译文：我们已知的最早的钻石中的一部分产自印度。

2)Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle like those you

see on a ring---they just look like small, blue-grey stones.要点：The diamonds don’t give out bright light as a ring does until/ before

they are cut and polished.---It looks like they are just ordinary small ，blue-grey stones.In this sentence, the structure “not „until„” is used.直到„才

【例句】I didn't leave the boy until his mother turned up.直到这孩子的母亲来,我才离开。

The noise of the street didn't stop until it was midnight.街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。

当not until位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。如: 【例句】Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。

Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。

not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+...。上面两句改为强调句为: 【例句】It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped

talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止谈话。

It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.直到下个星期运动会才举行。

译文：钻石在切割和打磨以前，不会像你看到的戒指那样熠熠闪光。他们看起来就像是普通的兰灰色的小石块。

3)However, a revolutionary change in the methods of …..a swiftly

revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder.要点：这个句子中 “ with its edge faced with fine diamond powder”

是with的复合结构用法。通常用作状语，也可作定语。即 with + n/pron + adj./ adv./ n./分词/不定式/介词短语

文中用的是过去分词短语faced with fine diamond power.“be faced with” 面临。

【例句】We are faced with a lot of problems but we'll win through in the end.我们面临许多问题, 但终将获得成功。

【例句】He left the room with the door open.(adj.)门开着，他就离开了屋子。

With Tom away, I always feel lonely.(adv.)汤姆不在，我一直感觉孤独。

The fellow stood there with his hands crossed.(participle)这个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。

The old man looks down upon everyone, with his son chairman of the

company.(n.)因为他儿子是公司的主席，这个老头瞧不起任何人。

With so many problems to settle, the new manager was too worried to eat

anything.(infinitive)有着太多问题去处理，新经理担忧的吃不下任何东西。

The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy.(prepositional phrase)那个脖子上带项链的女人一定很有钱。

译文：但是在1476年，钻石的切割和打磨方法发生了革命性的变化，当时，比利时布鲁斯市的Lugwig Van

Berquen发明了使用高速旋转的金刚石镶边的齿轮切割和打磨钻石的方法。

4)Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be

split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge.要点: 本句是“介词＋关系代词”的用法。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to

at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which, whose.不可用 that

。介词的选择受上下文的制约。在结合语意的基础上，可以从下面几个角度判断该用什么介词。

看先行词与哪一个介词是习惯“介＋名 ” 搭配的。

【例句】This is the factory in which he works.(in the factory 在工）

这就是他工作的那个工厂。

看定语从句中的动词是与哪一个介词形成习惯“动＋介” 搭配。

【例句】The car on which he spent 40,000 Yuan is made in Nanjing.(spend money

on sth.)The car for which he paid 40,000 Yuan is made in Nanjing.(pay money for

sth.)

他花4万块钱买到那辆车是产自南京。

既要看定语从句中的动词，又要看先行词有何习惯“动＋介＋名”搭配。

【例句】I don't know the student with whom Mary quarreled yesterday.(quarrel

with sb.)

我不认识昨天和玛丽争吵的那位学生。

译文：每一个钻石都有一道天然的裂缝，沿着这条裂缝，用切割刀口使劲一击就可以把钻石分开。

Word Study 1.reveal

基本用法

1)vt.make known(something previously secret or unknown)揭示；揭露；泄露

【例句】He never revealed his secret.他从来不泄露自己的秘密。

He didn't want to reveal his real feelings.他不想露出他的真实情感。

I promise never to reveal his secret.我答应决不泄漏他的秘密。

2)vt.to show or allow sth.to be seen 展现；显露出

【例句】These few words fully revealed her noble quality.这寥寥数语充分显示了她的高贵品质。

His genius revealed itself.他的天才（渐渐地）显露出来了。

相关搭配：

reveal a scandal 揭露丑闻

reveal a secret 揭开秘密

reveal one's identity 揭示身分

reveal the objective laws 揭开客观规律

reveal the inside story(of)揭开内幕

相关词

revelation n.the making known of some secret 展示；揭露；显露

【例句】The revelation of his scandalous past led to his resignation.他那不光彩历史的揭露导致了他的辞职。

Have you read the ex-minister's amazing revelations in the newspaper? 你看了前任部长在报上揭露的那些惊人的事实没有？

2.accumulate

基本用法

vi./ vt.get or gather together积累；集聚

【例句】Dust quickly accumulates if we don't sweep our room.我们如果不打扫房间, 灰尘很快就会积聚起厚厚的一层。

His debts accumulated.他债台高筑。

They set to work accumulating a huge mass of data.他们开始累积大量的资料。

He accumulated wealth through illegal means.他以非法的手段敛财。

By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。

相关搭配：

accumulated profit 累积利润 accumulated fund 积累的基金

相关词

accumulation n.积聚, 累积, 积聚物

【例句】the accumulation of useful knowledge 有用知识的积累

An accumulation of work is waiting to be done.一堆积下的工作等着要做。

The accumulation of capital refers simply to the gathering or amassment of

objects of value;the increase in wealth;or the creation of wealth.资本的积累简单地说就是指有价值的东西的积累，财富的增加或创造。

3.fulfill 基本用法

1)vt.to supply or satisfy(a need, demand, or purpose)满足（需要、要求）；使达到（目标）

【例句】Does your job fulfill your expectations? 你的工作符合你的期望吗？

He fulfills all the conditions for employment.他完全符合雇用的条件。

2)vt.to carry out;perform;obey 履行；执行；遵守

【例句】You must fulfill your promise.你必须履行诺言。

The doctor's instructions must be fulfilled exactly.必须一丝不苟地遵照医嘱去办。

3)vt.to make or prove to be true 应验；实现

【例句】All my dreams are fulfilled.我的所有梦想成真。

If he’s lazy, he’ll never fulfill his ambition to be a doctor.如果他很懒惰，他当医生的抱负就永远不能够实现。

相关词

fulfillment 1)n.the act of fulfilling or the state of being fulfilled 实现；完成；履行

【例句】the fulfillment of a promise 诺言的实现

After many years, his plans have come to fulfillment.很多年之后,他的计划实现了。

2)n.satisfaction after successful efforts（经过努力而获得成功的）满足感

【例句】People find fulfillment in working for a common goal.人们在为一个共同目标而努力的过程中得到满足。

4.expect 基本用法

1)vt.to think or believe(that something will happen)预料；预期

相关搭配：

expect+ that;expect to do;expect sb.or sth.to do sth.【例句】We expected that you would succeed.我们预计你会成功的。

He expected to finish the work by March.他预期三月份完成这项工作。We didn’t expect so many people to come to the party.我们没有想到会有这么多人参加晚会。

2)vt.to think or consider that(sth.or sb.)is likely to come or

happen 认为（某人）会来；认为（某事）会发生；预计

【例句】I expect I will be back on Sunday.我预计我会在周日回来的。

3)vt.to have or express a strong wish for(something)or that(someone)

will do something, with the feeling that this is reasonable or necessary

认为理应得到;指望;要求

【例句】Don't expect too much of him.別对他期望过高。

I expect you to be punctual.我要求你准时。

The professor expected respect from his students.教授认为学生理应尊敬他。

You can't expect me to approve of it.你别指望我赞成。

相关词

expectant adj.waiting hopefully 期待的

【例句】The expectant crowds in the streets waited patiently for the queen.街上期待的人群耐心地等待着女皇。

expectation n.the act of expecting or something that is expected 预期；预期的事物

【例句】She had high expectations of what university had to offer.她对大学所能给她提供的一切期望很高。

His parents have great expectations for his future.他父母对他的前途深寄厚望。

相关搭配：

against/ contrary to one’s expectation(s)与„„ 预料的相反

【例句】We thought Mary would pass, but against/contrary to our expectation，she didn’t.我们以为玛丽能通过，但出乎我们意料的是，她没有。

beyond expectation/ one’s expectations 出乎意料；比预料的还好

in expectation of 预料;期望[待]

come/ live up to one’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望

5.refuse

基本用法

1)vi./vt.to state one’s strong unwillingness to accept;say no(to)

拒绝；谢绝；不接受

【例句】He asked me to marry him but I refused.他向我求婚，但我拒绝了。

She refused his offer.他主动提出帮助,被她拒绝了。

2)vt.not to give or allow 拒绝；不允许

【例句】 We were refused permission to enter.我们被拒之门外。

3)vt.to show or state strong unwillingness(to do sth.)不愿（做某事）

相关搭配：

refuse to do sth.【例句】I refuse to answer that question.我不愿回答那个问题。

相关词

refusal n.a message refusing to accept something that is offered 拒绝；谢绝

【例句】We interpreted his silence as a refusal.我们认为他的沉默是拒绝的表示。

My request was met with a flat refusal.我的要求遭到了断然拒绝。

Grammar Focus The Use of Article 冠词的使用

冠词本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词(the)，另一种是不定冠词a/an，还有一种是零冠词(即不用冠词)。

1.不定冠词的用法

1)表示“一个”，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。例如：

A Mr.Ling is waiting for you.有位姓凌的先生在等你。

2）代表一类人或物。例如：

A knife is a tool for cutting with.刀是切割的工具。

Mr.Smith is an engineer.史密斯先生是工程师。

3）组成词组或成语，如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many /

many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short

while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of

a sudden等。

2.定冠词的用法

1）特指双方都明白的人或物。例如：

Take the medicine.把药吃了。

2）上文提到过的人或事。例如：

He bought a house.他买了幢房子。I've been to the house.我去过那幢房子。

3）指世上独一物二的事物，如the sun, the sky，the moon，the earth等。

4）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人;

the living 生者。

5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面。例如：

Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二层。

That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。

6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体。例如：

They are the teachers of this school.（指全体教师）

They are teachers of this school.（指部分教师）

7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如：

She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。

8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如：

the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国

the United States 美国

9）用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如：

She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。

10）用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：

the Greens

格林一家人（或格林夫妇）

11)和形容词和分词连用，表示一类人或事物。例如

the sick the dead the old the wounded

12)用于“名词＋of +名词”的结构中，表示同位关系。如： the city of Shanghai the Tower of London

13）用在惯用语中。例如：

in the day, in the morning(afternoon，evening), the day after

tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, on the whole, by

the way, go to the theatre 3.零冠词的用法

1）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary。

2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词。例如：

They are teachers.他们是教师。

3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。例如：

Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。

4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定意思时，需要加定冠词。例如：

Man cannot live without water.离开水人就无法生存。

5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。例如：

We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词。例如：

The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词，如have breakfast，play chess。

8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词。例如：

I can't write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。

9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词，如by bus，by train。

10)

有些个体名词不用冠词，如school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court

等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。例如：

go to hospital 去医院看病

go to the hospital 去医院（并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）

11）不用冠词的序数词；

a.序数词前有物主代词时。his first prize 他获得的第一个奖

b.序数词作副词。例如：He came first in the race.他跑步得了第一。

c.在固定词组中，如at（the）first, first of all, from first to last等。

Function and Structure The Art of Apology（道歉的艺术）

Most of us were taught that offering an apology, any apology, when we make

a mistake will take care of most offenses.But offering the right apology，particularly in the corporate world, is not as simple as saying, “I'm

sorry.”

Done right, an apology can enhance both reputations and relationships.Done wrong, an apology can compound the original mistake, sometimes to

disastrous consequences.Sometimes Chinese do not consider westerner’s apologies to be sincere

although the westerners involved were being sincere in the western way of

honestly and directly expressing feeling of regret.So then the question

becomes, what do the Chinese on the receiving end of the apology consider

to be sincere? The conclusion is that for an apology to be considered

sincere, it must follow a proper form.Words of regret are not always

sufficient.The person apologizing must express a higher degree of respect

to the offended party to restore the balance in the relationship.Westerners sometimes use a cursory(草率的)apology to move past the

troublesome event and on to the next thing.This is offensive to a Chinese

who is paying attention to the form and not just the words of the apology.The westerner thinks he has done enough by saying “ I am sorry” but to the

Chinese these words are empty unless accompanied by proper communication

of respect and humility(谦恭).Generally, American apologies have one of the

following three elements, in addition to “I am sorry”:

1)an excuse---I was looking at an old map.2)an offer of repair---I’ll compensate the victims.3)a promise about future actions---It will never happen again.Chinese tend to interpret the offer of an excuse as a sign of insincerity.An excuse doesn’t improve an apology as it does for Americans;it weakens

it.So how do you build a good apology? Apologies involve three elements:

Acknowledgment of a fault or an offense, regret for it, and responsibility

for the offense.You can put them all together, but a sincere, effective

apology need not necessarily express all three;whether it should depends

on the circumstances.Here are some tips for making effective professional

apologies.1.Find words that are clear and accurate—not provocative.A good apology

should make the person wronged think, “Yes, she understands.” Often what

the offended person wants is accountability and vigilance;he wants to

know that it won't happen again.2.Don't apologize for the wrong thing.People and institutions tend to

apologize for what they find forgivable.If there is no clear relationship

between what the offender is apologizing for and what the offended

experienced as the original wrong, the apology actually

exacerbates(使„加重/恶化)the problem.At best, the offender will seem blind to

the problem;at worst, he will be perceived as intentionally distorting

it.3.Consider the angle of approach.Decide whether it will be easier for

you to apologize position to position or person to person.If you are

angry with the person you've got to apologize to, it may be easier to

frame the apology in terms of your respective jobs or ranks.Example: “We both work for a good company, and, as your colleague, I

should try harder to see past our individual differences.I'm sorry I

spoke harshly.”

Such an apology is likely to resonate favorably with both parties, even

when anger between them remains.In other circumstances, a person-to-person apology is easier to offer.For

someone who equates an apology with loss of stature, for instance, the

person-to-person apology can appear to be a magnanimous act that does not

diminish her.Example: “I can't agree with the stance you are taking, but

I like you and want us to work well together.I'm sorry I spoke harshly.”

Choose the approach that is easier for you to do well.That will save you

from making an apology that is so grudging that it fails.4.“I want to apologize” is not an apology.It's no more an apology than

“I want to lose weight” is a loss of weight.Do the work.Deliver a clear，direct apology;don't hide behind vagueness, circumlocution, or clichés.You may not be able to control whether your apology is accepted, but you

can control its quality.So make every effort to control what you can.This will increase your chances of feeling good about what you have done

with your apology—instead of feeling bad about having to do it.Practical Reading 产品目录Catalogue(cat)的核心内容一般包括产品名称、编号、规格、型号、品质、参考零售价（RRP= Recommended Retail

Price）等信息。其中会有一些惯用的缩写。如书中第一则为例：

产品名称: 9CT GOLD SAPPHIRE AND DIAMOND RING SET 编号： Cat.No.229/1219 规格： 9CT GOLD SAPPHIRE AND DIAMOND 型号： F to V 品质： SAPPHIRE AND DIAMOND RRP: ￡129.99 Homework 1.Vocabulary 2.Grammar

3.Reading Summary In this unit, students have known main content of this unit.After class, students should learn more details.

精读教案4[推荐5篇]

第一篇：精读教案4

第二篇：精读教案

第三篇：高级汉语精读4第十课教案讲稿

第四篇：精读教案3

第五篇：精读教案6

相关范文推荐

精读教案1

《识字4》、《坐井观天》精读引领课

大学英语精读4句子翻译

大学英语精读4课后汉译英

大学英语精读4单词6-10.

对外汉语精读课教案

《精读与略读》教案

现代大学英语精读4 第一课翻译