2012年1月考研英语一答案

第一篇：2012年1月考研英语一答案

2012年1月考研英语一答案(完整版)

完形填空

1.B.maintain

2.A.when

3.B.weakened

4.D.accepted

5.C.bound

6.B.subject

7.D.applies

8.B.raise

9.A.line

10.B.as

11.A.so

12.C.upset

13.C.cultivate

14.D.tied

15.A.concepts

16.C.shapes

17.A.dismissed

18.C.address

19.D.accountable

20.D.as a result

阅读理解

Text 1

21.D a cause of undesirable behaviors

22.B learn from advertisers’experience

23.A adequately probe social and biological factors

24.C occurs without our realizing it

25.Dquestionable

Text 2

26.C dishonoring.27.A obtain protection from Vermont regulators.28.A managerial practices.29.B the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.30.B the authority of the NRC will be defied.Text 3

31.A uncertainty and complexity.32.A strict inspection.33.B has been examined by the scientific community.34.D scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.D Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.[键入文字]声明：本资料由考试吧（Exam8.com）收集整理，转载请注明出自

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Text 4

36.C unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.37.D Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38.B indirectly augmented.39.C may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.40.A disapproval.Part B

41.C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every

day.42.D This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between

downloading and uploadingwhose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.43.A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.Downloading and consuming culture requires great

skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining

constituent of humanity.44.F One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium

-television-and television is defined by downloading.45.G The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.翻译

46.在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解 释一切的，最底层的公式。

47.在这一点上，达尔文学说似乎给人们提供了准则，如果所有人种同宗同源，那么“文 化多样性也能追溯到更为单一的源头”的假定也就不无道理了。

48.将偶发的和独特的从这些共性中筛除掉能够让我们了解文化行为的复杂起源以及是什么

在发展中或认知过程中指导我们。

49.第二，乔舒亚·格林贝格采用了一个更加经验主义的方法来解释普遍性;他认为许多语言 都共有特性，(尤其是在语序上);这些特性被认为代表了由认知限制所带来的偏见;

50.乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言改变的模式，该模式是独立于家谱也独立于贯穿家谱的 路径，而格林伯根的统一性理论则预言了不同种语序关系乊间的强烈的相互依存性。写作

小作文

Dear friends,On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to extend my warm welcome to all the

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international students that are coming to our university.I firmly believe that your entering our university will bring us new ideas from different cultures and promote communication.Also, we have some suggestions before you come to our university.As you all know, we have a great much free time in college and the teachers don’t oversee us strictly.Therefore, it is recommended that you can arrange your time properly and avoid being indulged in computer games, etc.Moreover, in order to make yourselves quickly adjusted

to our campus life, it would be of great help if you can learn Chinese as well as you can.Last but not the least, it is necessary to take part in some activities so that you can improve your communication abilities and expand horizon.We are looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

大作文

As is shown in the picture above, two men react in completely opposite ways when faced

with the same event: A bottle fell off on the ground, and the wine inside spilt out.One is smiling, feeling glad that he still has the rest half of the wine while the other is sighing in great desperation saying that “everything screwed up!”

The cartoon tells us that being optimistic and being pessimistic are two different

attitudes towards life.Faced with a challenge, a pessimistic person may feel gloomy and distressed.He considers himself powerless, and complains about it all day long, refusing even to have a try before giving it up in the end.An optimistic person, however, may adopt an entirely different approach.He may not regard the challenge as something that

bad;instead, he takes it as an excellent opportunity to display his abilities and talent.As an old saying goes, “The way you perceive the world will determine your way to cope with it.”

In my point of view, though it is natural that we encounter challenges of one kind

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第二篇：2014考研英语(一)真题答案(完整版)

文都首发2014考研英语一真题答案（完整版）

来源：文都教育

I cloze

1.A where

2.B fades

3.D while

4.C damaging

5.A well-bing

6.A turns

7.C workouts

8.B functions

9.D process

10.C excel

11.D However

12.A according toB furtherA sharpnessD allowsB trackD on

18.C constantlyC buildB effective

II Reading comprehension

Part A

Text 1BEncourage job seekers’ active engagement in job seeking.22 Cto register for an allowance from the government.AA desire to secure a better life for all.24Auneasy.BOsborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.Text 2.D.The attraction of financial rewards

27.C.Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major

28.B.The rigid bodies governing the profession

29.A.Bans outsides’ involvement in the profession

30.C.A problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it

Text 3

31Athe symbol of the entrepreneurs

32B: the founders of the new rewards

33D: the demonstration of research foundings

34A: their endurance has done justice to them

35A : acceptable despite the criticism

Text 4

Acritical

Ckeep a leading position in liberal education

Aan exclusive study of American history

Bcautious about intellectual investigation

Billiberal education and “the Heart of the Matter”.Part B

41.C How do archaeologists

42.F Most archaeologists, however

43.G Ground surveys allow

44.D Surveys can cover

45.B In otehr case

Part C

46.It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself.这就是为什么当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时，我们能清楚的表达对音乐的反应，但并没有领会音乐的精髓。

47.By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let along the performance, of his works.据大家所说，贝多芬是个思想自由而且有勇气的人，发现勇气是理解他作品的本质，更不用说演奏他的作品了。

48.Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.贝多芬表演时习惯性的增加他的音量，然后突然转为柔和的节拍，前辈的音乐家很少有这种习惯。

49.Especially significant was his views of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual;he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.尤其重要的是他对自由的看法，他认为这和个人的权利和责任有关，他提倡思想自由和个人言论自由。

50.One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.人们会将贝多芬的很多作品解释为——痛苦是难免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气表明生命值得活下去。

III Writing

Part A

Dear Mr.President,I am writing to put forward some suggestions concerning the ways to improve student’s physical condition in your university.My proposals are as the following.First and foremost, I propose that we should take advantages of physical education classes on our campus, and not only educate students to realize the significance of the classes, but also to encourage students to take an active part in the classes.More importantly, we should attach importance to the role played by extra-curricular activates.For example, we could plan and organize a large number of such ball games as football games, basketball games and so on.It’s my honor to share my opinions concerned with you.If you could take my advice into consideration, I will be highly grateful.Sincerely yours,Li Ming

Part B

As is shown above, in the first picture, along the road walked a young and vigorous mother, leading her girl hand in hand, with smile on her face three decades ago, while nowadays the daughter in the prime of her life guided her aged mother through the road arm in arm in the second picture.Recently there is a heated discussion about these pictures on Wei bo.Simple as they are, the meaning behind is as deep as ocean.The meaningful drawing mirrors a common phenomenon in contemporary society that there is the positive influence of fealty.It is universally acknowledged that supporting the aged is the responsibility of the sons and daughters of the Chinese people.First of all, emphases should be given to the cultivation of young children on respecting and loving the elders, which is undoubtedly an essential factor of this phenomenon.In addition, our government should take joint efforts to carry out effective measures on how to punish those who abuse the elders.Last but not the least, every individuals should keep deep in mind that it is the elders that contributed a lot to the rapid development of our society.Given all the above arguments, I take the attitude that, first of all, we should show filial piety to parents who bring us to maturity.More importantly, the public should embrace and promote the awareness of filial duty which is importance for a more active and healthy society.In conclusion, filial piety, as a traditional Chinese virtue, is indispensable for us living a more valuable and fulfilling life.

第三篇：2018考研英语一作文

2018考研英语(一)大作文真题范文及译文

2018考研英语(一)大作文是让考生描写关于一位同学选择课程的图画，并且对背后的含义进行解读。针对本题，文都考研教学研究院英语教学研究中心提供参考范文一篇如下：

【题目】

52.Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below.In your essay, you should

1)describe the picture briefly

2)interpret the meaning, and

3)give your comments.Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)2018考研英语(一)大作文真题范文及译文:

As is vividly depicted in the graph that sitting in front of a computer, a student is selecting the curriculum, taking numerous elements into consideration including the innovation, the freshness of knowledge and the level of difficulty as well as the scoring, the qualified rate and burden of assignment.The caption says: The course selecting is on the way, indicating the importance of well-rounded consideration while making a choice.We can deduce from the portrayal that well-rounded contemplating, a significant quality, serves as an indispensable capability bringing about positive influence toward different aspects of our lives.It is commonly known that the value of comprehensiveness and sophistication of thinking has been proved by countless examples around us, such as the governmental policy making and selection of compulsory and optional course.If we can put this notion into practice, it would exert profound and constructive influence.Therefore, well-rounded and thorough thinking will create huge benefit to the prosperity of community as well as personal development.Whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the ability of analyzing the ingredients and integrating them together are nearer to success.Therefore, well-rounded consideration is the wisdom we should live up to.【参考译文】

正如本幅图画所生动表现出的那样，一个学生坐在电脑前选课。他考虑了许多因素，包括创新，知识的新度，课程难度以及得分，通过率和作业量等因素。图下字体显示：选课进行时。这表明了在做选择时全面思考的重要性。

我们可以从画中看出全面的思考是一种非常重要的素质，是一种不可缺少的能力，对我们生活的各个方面有着影响。我们常常在我们周围看到展现思考的全面性和成熟度的例子，比如政府政策制定和选择必修课及选修课。如果我们能够做到这一点，它将会产生深远积极的影响。因此，全面和透彻的思考方式无论对社会还是个人都有着巨大的好处。

无论遇到什么样的困难和情况，可以在思考中分析各个因素，并将其综合的人总是更有可能成功。因此，全面思考是我们应该努力去做到的。

第四篇：2018考研英语二答案

2018英语二答案

1.【答案】A

【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。[A]解决[B]保护[C]讨论[D]忽视，根据动宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。

2.【答案】C

【解析】本题考查动介词搭配。根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“to”连用。[A]拒绝做...[B]等待做...[C]寻求，力求做...[D]后悔做...结合文意“人们要___ 满足他们的好奇心”来判断，正选为[C]寻求，力求做。3.【答案】D

【解析】根据原文语境，“painful, uncertainty”均为消极词汇。4.【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语____ sb to sth 意为“让某人承受某事”。因此，C选项为正选。5.【答案】 B 【解析】根据上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,说明是在“实验”的语境。结合四个选项，[A]信息[B]实验[C]复习[D]观念，只有B选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正选。6.【答案】 C

【解析】动宾搭配。结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项，[A]移除[B]削弱[C]传递[D]打扰 A选项更符合语境。7.【答案】 D

【解析】时间状语的考查。结合语境，“___被独自留在房间，学生会....”,因此，这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。正选为D.8.【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。结合原文语境，由who 引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由what引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。9.【答案】B

【解析】结合语境，后面语境为并列关系，因此此题应填举例子。B为正选。10.【答案】D

【解析】Discover 与上文中的Curiosity 相对应。11.【答案】C

【解析】本词与后文的Basic drives 的详细说明。与shelter一样都属于人类的基本需求。.【答案】D

【解析】破折号的内容是对前文instinct 的解释。说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展，属于因果关系。13.【答案】B

【解析】跟前文的drives 相对应。14.【答案】A 【解析】本题与前文的backfire相对应，都属于贬义词。15.【答案】A

【解析】从后文的试验中，参与者应该被鼓励参与，因此跟前文的坚持相对应。16.【答案】A

【解析】通过后文的after能看出这个事情并没有发生，因此填预测。17.【答案】B

【解析】动宾搭配。18.【答案】C

【解析】of 引导的后置定语。由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果。19.【答案】A

【解析】whether 引导宾语从句。20.【答案】D

【解析】关联对应，对应18题的outcome.【答案】C practical ability

【解析】这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢？学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是C practical ability.22.【答案】 B are not academically successful

【解析】这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是B are not academically successful。其他选项均不符合文意。

23．【答案】C used to have more job opportunities

【解析】这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种the job security已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。24.【答案】D indicate the overvaluing of higher education 【解析】这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“the headlong push”找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and...和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说that is not the only thing the American economy needs.可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有D选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词education。故选D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。25.【答案】A supportive 【解析】这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziatek’s school 看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-up call。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。

【答案】 C falling

【解析】这是一道词义句意题，要想知道plummeting 的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降，如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十，风能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生资源的成本在下降，plummeting的含义是下降的意思。所以选择C falling。

27.【答案】A is progressing notably

【解析】这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时，美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道，三月份，美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。”这足以说明在美国，可再生能源的使用正在取得显著地进步。所以答案是A。

28.【答案】 A wind is a widely used energy source

【解析】这是一道细节推断题，根据题干关键词定位至第四段第三句，在爱荷华州，风力涡轮机点缀着这个州并提供了此州百分之三十六的电能，并且还吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头公司。因此可判断，在爱荷华州，风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。

29.【答案】 C its continuous supply is becoming a reality

【解析】这是一道是非细节题，根据题干给出的段落位置，5-6两段和主题词clean energy，回到原文的第5-6段，这两段都不长，第五段出现了But后讲到电池容量的提升a boost in the storage，与A选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除；B选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句；而D选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的，故也排除；正确选项C是和这句话语义一致的，也是和全文主题一致的，故为正确答案。

30．【答案】C is not really encouraged by the US government

【解析】这是一道细节推断题，题干问“根据最后一段可以推断出来可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明尽管还有很长一段路要走，可再生能源发展的趋势在增强。后面也提到改变的节奏在加快，对slowing气候变化有meaningful effect，所以可以看出B选项accelerate...是不对的，D选项中提到的价格不具有竞争力不在本段当中，也应排除。剩下的两个选项都提到了美国，就应该重点看最后一句，最后一句提到华盛顿政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less...所以可以看出美国不应该是和其他国家更近，排除A，所以选C，美国不是真正支持可再生能源的。

31.【答案】 ［B］user information 【解析】细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句。该句提到两年前Facebook花了更多的钱获得了WhatsApp的信息服务。接着提到WhatsApp提供给Facebook的是关于其用户的朋友圈以及社会生活等具体精炼的信息。由此可知，B项为正确答案。

32.【答案】［C］pose a risk to Facebook users 【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词linking the phone number定位第二段第一句。该句提到Facebook向欧洲委员会承诺不会把用户的电话号与Facebook的身份认证连系到一起，但是协议通过之后Facebook立马失信。接下来提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知谁发的消息，发送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能会给用户造成风险。因此C项符合文意。

33.【答案】［D］cannot keep pace with the changing market

【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词competition law 定位到第三段第一句。该句指出“竞争法似乎成为解决这些不平等权力的唯一办法，但是此法案太过笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于数据经济变化的速度，此法案发展是非常缓慢的”。由此可知，该法案跟不上当前市场变化的步伐。因此D项为正确答案。34.【答案】［D］the services are paid for by advertisers.【解析】根据题目中的because 可确定为因果细节题。题干中的信息出现在第三段后半部分，是题目中的原词 competition law as presently interpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文写到，the users of their services are not，读到这里的not，一定要找而是谁。继续读下一句，That would be the people who buy advertising from them…，与选项对应，可得出［D］the services are paid for by advertisers。35.【答案】［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.【解析】根据题目中is used to illustrate可判断为例证题，要找到the ants analogy论据所证明的论点；论点在论据之前，因此先找到论据the ants analogy，再找到论据前的论点句。所以本题定位到最后一段的第一句，The product …is data，and we…convert our lives to data…。此句中，data即digital giants，we 即 users。因此答案为［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.36.【答案】［D］keep to your focus time

【解析】细节题。根据题干的mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段首句。该句指出“有很多种掌握深度工作的方法-不论是专注于指定工作时长时间的后退，或者养成惯例，还是当你一天有闲暇之余采用纪实的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬间”。接着提到“不论是那种方式，关键在于确定你的专注力时间长度并保持专注”。由此可知，D项为正确答案。

37.【答案】［B］detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

【解析】例证题。根据题干时间信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段与第五段。第四段首句指出另一种短时间做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能优先处理好你的一天-特别是制作我们待办事项的方法。接着作者举例大学生们分成小组每天做各种详细复杂的任务。第五段首句用while画风一转，表示这种复杂的任务让学生们感到消极，并表示工作中难免会分散注意力，这将影响日常待办事项的效率。可知，作者用反面例子来论证观点，即复杂的计划可能没有像期望的那样有效果。故选B项。

38.【答案】［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work.【解析】根据题目Newport得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题。根据题干中的idleness可定位到倒数第三段，idleness is not，读到这里依然需要看下文，下面提到it is as…as…，is necessary to getting any work done。再对应选项，可直接选出［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work。39.【答案】［A］can bring about greater efficiency.【解析】根据题目中的Pillay believes 可得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题型。根据题目中的信息，可以定位到倒数第二段最后一句，明确指出they tend to be more efficient。然后对应选项得出［A］can bring about greater efficiency。40.【答案】［A］approaches to getting more done in less time.【解析】根据题目的mainly about可知为文章主旨题，首先可以通过题目的复现内容找与文章主旨有关的词汇，题目中反复出现了focus内容，可判断与人们的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在开篇第一段或第二段会出现，第一段引用Cal Newport的观点指出focus without distraction话题，第二段就提到了主题approaches to mastering thd art of deep work，此刻主题已明确，并且第四段有明显的证明another approach。所以本题选［A］approaches to getting more done in less time。

41.【答案】B

【解析】该小标题需要涵盖三段内容。第一段开始说到你想跟陌生人说话，但是“it just won’t come out”，提到说话说不出来，随后直接出现我的建议“My advice：just get it out“，即去说。所以选B：Just say it去说 42.【答案】F

【解析】该小标题下第一段第一句话就说了你时间有限“you have limited time”，然后说到如果陷到寒暄当中“hi，hello，how are you，what is going on”会让对话没法令人印象深刻。下一段“So”表明结论，去问更多个人问题“personal questions”，所以选F：Skip the small talk跳过寒暄 43.【答案】D

【解析】第一句话就说到了第一次交谈要找到共同点“have in common”，从这个共同点“that point”来开展对话“build the conversation”，所以选D：find the “me too”s找到共同点 44.【答案】G

【解析】第一段先举例，说你跟人讲心事时，别人分心干别的。然后下一段“So”表明结论，人家跟跟你沟通，你要全心投入“wholeheartedly”。所以选G：Pay a unique complement专注 45.【答案】E

【解析】第一句话就提到了忘记只见过一面的人的名字“name”。“So”后面又提到回忆地点“places”和好恶的事情“things”等细节，所以选E：Name，places，things

【真题译文】：

一个五年级的学生收到一份家庭作业：即从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。他勾划了“宇航员”，但很快由将“科学家”添加到列表中，并也将其选中。这个男孩相信，如果他读得足够多，他就可以探索尽可能多的他喜欢的职业道路。所以他读书广泛——从百科全书到科幻小说。他读得如此投入，以至于他的父母不得不制定一个：在餐桌上的“不读书政策”。

那个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他没有停止阅读，甚至在他成为这个星球上最成功的人士之一后，仍旧没有停下来。现在，他的阅读材料已经不再是科幻小说和工具书了：最近据他所说，他一年内至少读了50本非科幻小说。比尔盖茨选择非科幻小说类书籍，是因为这类书籍解释了世界是如何运作的。“每本书都开辟了新的知识探索渠道。”盖茨说。

英语二大作文参考范文

The pie chart above evidently illustrates various target elements in terms of consumers’ choosing restaurants in a certain city in 2017.To be specific.distinguishing feature took a lion’s share, accounting for approximately 36.3%.While service and surroundings made up around 26.8% and 24.2% respectively.However, the least proportions were price and other factors, occupying roughly 8% and 4.7%.What triggers this phenomenon? Maybe at least two reasons can be identified to contribute to this matter.But the most important is that along with the development of economy, people’s living standards have been improved remarkably, as a consequence of which, an increasing amount of individuals focus on superior service and favorable surroundings when they choose restaurants rather than price.Simultaneously, there is another essential factor that after resolving the issue of food and clothing, quite a few consumers’ food conception has transfromed dramatically, to the extent that they increasingly pursue spiritual consumption, which should be also taken into account.Based on what has been discussed above: a conclusion can be drawn safely that more up-scale food services will be prevailing in modern food market.And it is predictable that those restuarants with favorable service: distinctive features and excelent circumstances will be beloved by more customers in some years ahead.However, it is advisable for the public to consume rationally, avoiding extravagance and waste.

第五篇：2018考研英语(一)真题答案及解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解

本套真题答案由海文机构提供目前仅供参考，标准答案在官方公布后会为您更新

Section I Use of English

1、【答案】[B] for

【解析】此处考察介词的用法。it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。B选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于)，C选项like(像...)，D选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。

2、【答案】[C] faith

【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C] faith。

3、【答案】[B] price

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，并且根据空格所在句中的关键词“wrong place”，本句应该在说信任不当的弊端，所以空格处应该填入一个负向感情色彩的词，故A选项benefit和D选项hope排除，而C选项debt(债务)带入之后语义不当，故正确答案为[B] price(代价)。

4、【答案】[D] Then

【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。上段讲述的是信任的好处和信任不当的弊端。第二段段首提出问题：“_____我们为什么要信任”。只有D选项then(那么)填入后能形成顺畅的语义和逻辑关系。故正确答案为D then(那么)。A选项again(再次)表示强调;B选项instead(但是、然而)表示转折;C选项therefore(因此)表示结果，不符合要求，故排除。

5、【答案】[A] When

【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。空格所在句含义为：______人们信任一个人或一个组织机构，他们的大脑会释放催产素。只有A选项when(当..时候)填入后符合逻辑要求，故正确答案为A选项when。其他三个选项B选项unless(如果不)表条件，C选项although(尽管)表让步，D选项until(直到...)表时间，带入后均语义不通顺，故排除。

6、【答案】[C] produce

【解析】此处考察动宾搭配问题。上文指出：When people place their trust in an …their brains release oxytocin, a hormone.上文指出当人们产生信任感，大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，后面是定语从句，句内的动宾搭配，可推知这个荷尔蒙能产生令人愉悦的情绪，并且与后面的trigger同义复现，因此C.produce 正确。

7、【答案】[A] connect

【解析】此处考察上下文信息照应题。上文讲到这种荷尔蒙能够激发一种群居本能，the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote …with one another，这种本能有两个作用，并用and 连接，所以复现同义and 前面的flock together.因此选择A.connect

8、【答案】[B] to

【解析】此处考察上下语境下的名词介词搭配问题。根据上文的结论，下文实验展开分析，Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us….所以研究中要求受试者要先处于这种环境中，所以名词exposure to 构成搭配语义关系，表示“接触”的意思，因此选择to。

9、【答案】[D] mood

【解析】此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文提到身体会产生荷尔蒙，会给你带来一种愉悦的情

绪pleasurable feelings，这个上文结论。实验中exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting …，因此，根据上下文，试验中，处于这种荷尔蒙环境中，会给人带来情绪;语气;心境。因此选择 mood。

10、【答案】[A] counterparts

【解析】此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文指出，In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ,可推知本句再讲与另外一组受试者比较。故选择A。counterparts.相对物，相对应的人。

11、【答案】[C] Lucky

【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。因为这个句子当中有个词also，说明前文和后文情感是一致的关系。说我们有这两种天赋，对大家来说都是好事，所以需要选择一个正向的情感色彩。只能选择lucky。A选项odd 奇怪的是，B选项funny 有趣的是，D选项ironic 讽刺的是，皆不符合文意。

12、【答案】[A] protect

【解析】此处考察上下文的成分搭配。因为这个句子当中有个词also，说明前文和后文情感是并列平行关系，前后情感应该一致。所以此处只能选择protect 保护我们，符合文意。B选项delight 使高兴;C 选项 surprise 使震惊;D选项monitor 监控皆不符合文意。

13、【答案】[D] between

【解析】此处考察固定搭配。differentiate between A and B.介词between表示在A和B之间 , 原文含义为：“4个月大的孩子可以区分出一个可信的人和一个不诚实的人”。

14、【答案】[C] introduced

【解析】此处考察成分搭配。原文表达： Sixty toddlers were each______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container.只有C选项be introduced to sth表示“初次认识某事物”，符合文意。A 选项added 添加;B选项transferred转移;D选项 entrusted 委托，皆不符合文意。

15、【答案】[B] inside

【解析】此处考察介词搭配及词义复现。原文表达：“What’s in here?” before looking into the container…… Each subject was then invited to _________.只有选择B选项inside 才能和前文所表达的in here和looking into一脉相承。

16、【答案】[D] discovered

【解析】此处考察词义复现，属于句子内部的显性线索。根据原文Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 the container was empty… 这是用分号并列的连个句子，都是在讲试验的结果句型结构基本一致，前半句再讲一半的受测者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句肯定是再说另半会怎么样，两个小分句的结构基本一致Half of them = the other half，found=16，a toy= the container was empty，所以16题填入的应该是found的同义词，发现的含义，故D为正确选项。

17、【答案】[A] fooled

【解析】此处句间逻辑关系，属于句子内部的显性线索。—and realized the tester had 17 them，此句位于破折号后面，是对前面意思的解释说明。前面提到另一半人发现盒子是空的，并且意识到测试者对他们怎么样，既然盒子是空的那么肯定认识到测试者是在戏弄他们，所以作对此题必须要理解tester测试者是主语，宾语是them指的是受测者，主语的意思决定了谓语动词的含义为戏弄，故A fooled为正确选项。

18、【答案】[B] willing

【解析】 此处考察搭配关系，属于句子内部的显性线索。Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.根据句子结构我们可以看出逗号之前是一个介词短语意为在所有没有被戏弄过的孩子里面，大多数的孩子在习得一种新技能的时候与测试者的合作是怎么样的，demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明这些孩子信任他的领导，所以既然信任他们就是愿意与其合作，故选择B.willing，与were willing to 构成固定搭配，意为愿意。

19、【答案】[D] In contrast

【解析】此处考察句间的逻辑关系。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.通过该句中的only仅仅，可以看出与上文的 the majority of 形成鲜明的对比，19题应该填入的应该是表示转折，与上文形成对比的逻辑关系词。分析四个选项A表示总结，B表示结果，C表示举例子，只有D表示转折，对比，故D为正确选项。

20、【答案】[C] unreliable

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.该句含义为：在接下来的活动中30个孩子中只有5个孩子与。。样的测试者能合作，所以结合上文提到的大部分孩子信任测试者，但是5/30属于一小部分，大部分对应的是信任，那么小比例的对应的是不信任，所以 tester的修饰词应该为C，unreliable不可靠的，不可信任的，故C为正确选项。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】D Middle-class workers

【解析】根据题干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is one that...for their jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句话，可以得知相对于低收入者和富人，中产阶级受到的冲击最大。

22、【答案】C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

【解析】根据题干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But...middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting”，but转折句再一次强调了作者的观点，即中产阶级工人需要很多帮助来调整应对问题。同时，末句中”may need a lot of help”同义替换成选项C中的“need to be tackled”，自动化带来的问题需要被解决，得出C答案。

23、【答案】A creative potential

【解析】根据题干中的关键词可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication”。由该句可知，课程应该更关注创造性和复杂的沟通而非记忆事实。所以，应该选C选项creative potential(创造潜能)，同义替换为creativity。

24、【答案】D preventing the income gap from widening

【解析】该题考查作者的观点，根据题干中的关键词可定位到第六段第一句“Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”。由该句可知，由于自动化加大了资本收入和劳动力收入的差距，所以应该重新考虑税收和安全网(保障措施)，即税收政策应该避免收入差距扩大，选D选项preventing the income gap from widening。

25、【答案】B possible solutions to it

【解析】作者在文章第一、二段提出问题“中产阶级受自动化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出中产阶级需要帮助去适应自动化的发展，接下来第四段至第六段介绍解决方法，最后一段表明作者观点。所以应该选B 选项possible solutions to it(解决问题的相应方法)。

Text 2

26、【答案】[D] social media as a reliable source of news

【解析】双段推理题。根据题目定位到第1段和第2段，双段推理优先考虑双段主旨。第一段中心句为最后一句话：Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform。“千禧一代喜欢白宫直接发布的消息…而不是总统社交媒体发布的信息”，说明他们不太信任社交媒体。第2段中心为第二句转折之后，说明对于社交媒体的不信任上升。故双段中心都和他们不信任社交媒体相关。结合以上信息，得出社交媒体信息不可靠，选择D。

27、【答案】[A] sharpen

【解析】词汇释义题。根据题目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判断，因为逗号前提到“人们对于所有媒体的不信任增加”，可以推知人们应该开始增强其媒体素养的技能，故选A。

28.【答案】B verify news by referring to diverse sources.【解析】范例证明题。根据题干定位至第三段第二句话。因为某项研究一般是论据证明前面的论点，故答案应该位于第一句话“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 说明答案应该“和年轻人更容易把网络中的事实和虚假信息区分开来”，故答案为B“验证新闻的真伪”。为了精确可以在论据中去验证，论据中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different

perspectives”，都是和多重角度验证信息真伪相关的。

29.【答案】C readers’ misinterpretation

【解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason对应the top reason，而原文剩余信息为“reader error”, 所以应该和读者相关。Error应该对应misinterpretation, 故答案为C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句进一步说明答案的内容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news进一步印证C为正确答案。

30.【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

【解析】全文主旨题。本篇文章属于篇首转折，二段转折之后为全文主旨，yet之后说道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“随着对于所有媒体不信任的上升，人们开始增强其媒体素养的技能”，故答案为A。为了验证，可以看篇末，篇末重申主题，so之后讲道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更进一步说明和人们批判性看待社交媒体上的新闻相关。

Text 3

31、【答案】[B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.【解析】细节题。根据题干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根据a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy这一部分的语义信息，说明NHS与DeepMind之间的协议没有充分考虑到病人的权利与隐私。这句话的言外之意就是协议未能充分关注病人的权利。故确定答案为选项B，其中failed to是took far too little account的同义改写。

32、【答案】[C] necessary adjustments.【解析】细节题。根据题干中的NHS trust, 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.” 根据第二句的语义信息，NHS trust针对Denham’s verdict已经调整了其与DeepMind的协议内容，故通过同义替换，可确定正确答案为C。

33、【答案】[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.【解析】推理题。根据题干，此题定位在第二段最后一句but之后的转折句。“But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”.这种区分忽视了一个点：是处理和收集赋予数据意义，而不是拥有数据。选项中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原词复现。选项中的“the value of data”对应原文中的“data value”。因此，D项为正确答案。

34、【答案】[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.【解析】细节题。根据题干此题定位在文中最后一段的第四句。“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是这些进步属于一个私人垄断企业，而私人垄断企来使用公共资源进行研发。而这正真正的担忧所在。因此，选项D为正确答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants对应原文中的a private monopoly。

35、【答案】[B] cautious

【解析】态度题。本题考查作者对本文主题“将人工智能应用于医疗健康”的态度。根据顺序性原则定位在最后一段。该段倒数第三句话指出“我们目前依然处于这一改革的前期，并且任何小的选择都会对未来产生深远的影响”，其中“still”一词，以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)对比，都体现出了作者对待整个事件是小心谨慎的态度，因此[B] cautious为正确答案。

Text 4

36、【答案】[B] its rigid management

【解析】根据题干判断本题考查因果细节。第一段的前三句都是有关USPS的具体数字，属于细节信息。第四句出现many reasons很多原因。紧接着下面就有fundamentally根本原因是，所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析这个长难句，USPS 处在squeeze between 1 and 2,中，1是technological change, 2是structure.2的structure后定语从句：denies management flexibility 对应选项B: rigid management。

【干扰项分析】：选项A，budget文中未有涉及。选项C，虽然有提到technological ,原文technological change 后的定语从句说的是：技术改革降低需求，并没有提到cost成本问题。选项D，the withdrawal of bank support 银行支持撤销了，原文并没有提及银行支持，直接排除。

37、【答案】[A] the interference from interest groups

【解析】 根据题干due to，判断本题考查因果细节。根据题干关键词：USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句，在这句前leaving，留下，导致这个结果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation, 而且这句前还有this is why，只要找到代词this指代就可以判断选项。代词往前推，根据这句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress选择选项A，interference 对应 exert pressure on。

【干扰项分析】选项B，the inadequate funding from Congress,原文虽然有提到Congress国会，the aspect of status quo get protected, 国会保护USPS，并没有提及inadequate funding基金不足。选项C，the shrinking demand for postal service 邮政需求缩减，文中没有提及。选项D, the incompetence of postal unions 邮政工会的不作为。文章有提到工会，但是只提他们是属于Interest groups,并没有提到无作为。

38、【答案】[A] removing its burden of retiree health care

【解析】 因果细节题。根据38题题干The long-standing complaint by the....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus....”.再根据题干中“ can be addressed by” 即：通过哪种方式解决，此处为解题要点，通过哪种方式来解决，前后明显为结果与途径的关系，即可理解为因果关系。文章此句后半句正是题干，thus前半句为答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。与 A.B.C.D 四个选项匹配后，正确答案为 A removing its burden of retiree health care。

39、【答案】[C] discontent

【解析】根据题干可以判断本题为观点态度题。回文定位到最后一段。题干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具体定位到最后一段倒数第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根据题干，问作者最终态度，本段最后一句，转折句是作者最终的态度：“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about....” , 即作者认为他们并没有认真对待。所以此处作者态度为否定。匹配A B C D 四个选项 只有C discontent(不满)为负向信息，所以为正确答案。

40、【答案】[D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

【解析】根据题干特征词“best title”，这是一道主旨题。根据前四道题问的主题，第一道题和第二道题是USPS出现了问题，并分析原因，第三道题给出解决方法，第四道题提到作者对于这个方法的态度，即提出问题—分析问题—解决问题，并在最后给出作者对这个解决方案的评价。根据这个文章框架，首先A选项“USPS开始错过了它的好时光”，这只是提出问题，相对片面;B选项“USPS：不要动我的奶酪”, 这是拒绝解决问题的态度，不符合文章的写作思路;C选项“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，这个chronic和quick都没有在文中提到;D选项“USPS需要的不仅仅是权宜之计”，这说的其实作者对于解决方案的评价，在文章最后一段。这段最后结尾有But，有however，“it[指代前文讲的方法] is not a sign……”，对此作者表示否定态度。所以D选项为正确答案。Part B

41、【答案】 [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a…

【解析】 E段首先介绍EEOB的全称，对全文进行概述提出话题，可选为41题答案。同时，从给定选项C第一句提到the State, War，and Navy Building…，the在此特指，可以作为另一一个线索，在E选项中最后一句，复现了the State, War，and Navy Building...。故41题答案选E。

42、【答案】[G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

【解析】C选项最后一句谈到了many historic events(建筑内呈现了历史事件)，而G选项第一句提到了the history of the EEOB…(EEOB的历史...)，意思一致，承上启下，故42题答案选G。

43、【答案】[A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed…

【解析】确定G后，根据G选项最后一句，...the demolition of the State Department Building(谈到拆除the State Department Building), 而A选项中谈到了select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department，建立一个新的State Department Building，前后意思顺接，故43题答案选A。

44、【答案】[B] Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing…

【解析】 根据给定的F段，首句是段落大意，该句提到了...as the building slowly rose wing by wing(该建筑逐翼展开).而B选项第一句谈到了...south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼)，然后在B选项最后一句又谈到...moved into the east wing(之后又移至东翼).先在F段总起，再在B段中分说，前后对应，故44题答案选B.45、【答案】[D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

【解析】 B段结尾处谈到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the Secretary(这些精美的墙....装饰了秘书处的办公室)，而D段第一句提到了...that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls(历史事件在这些EEOB的墙上呈现), the wall原词复现，两句话意思一致，故45题答案选D。

Section III Translation

(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【题目考点】代词还原;并列结构

【句子结构】and并列两个句子，主干分别为：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama为定语修饰the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy为状语

【重点词汇】witness 见证 religious宗教的 drama戏剧 incentive刺激

【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下，很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。

(47)no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.【题目考点】定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构

【句子结构】主句主干：no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引导的定语从句修饰boy，that引导为形容词ignorant的宾语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature，gave…and might bring honor…为先行词a form of literature的并列谓语结构。

【重点词汇】grammar school 文法学校 ignorant忽视 literature文学 glory 荣耀

【参考译文】任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。

(48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.【题目考点】并列句

【句子结构】并列句主干分别为：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

【重点词汇】professional 专业的 prosper繁荣 permanent theater永久性剧院

【参考译文】但是专业公司的永久性剧院却兴旺起来，于是高校一些有着文学抱负的人迅速抓住机遇，将其作为一个谋生手段。

(49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.【题目考点】伴随状语，并列结构，被动语态

【句子结构】本句是一个由and连接的并列句。and前的句子主干为一个被动语态的简单句：a … drama had been created, with引导一个伴随状语;and后的句子也为一个被动语态的简单句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

【重点词汇】alliance作为名词意为“联盟，联合;联姻”，常与介词with进行搭配使用。establish作为动词意为“建立，创办”，也可引申为“诞生”。at least为固定搭配，表示“至少”。tradition作为名词表示“传统，惯例”。

【参考译文】一种本土文学戏剧形式诞生了，它与公共剧院结成联盟，至少它的一些优良传统开始登上历史舞台了。

(50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.【题目考点】非谓语，宾语从句，定语从句

【句子结构】本句结构较为复杂，主句部分为“we must remember…”，主句之前的非谓语to realize作为目的状语，后接了一个how引导的宾语从句。主句中，两个that分别引导了两个remember的宾语从句，其中第二个宾语

从句中，有一个whose引导的定语从句，修饰author of note。

【重点词汇】realize作为动词表示“实现，了解，认识到”。dramatic为drama的形容词形式，意思为“戏剧的，引人注目的，激动人心的”。survive作为动词表示“幸存，活下来;比…活得长”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

【参考译文】为了了解戏剧性活动有多么伟大，我们必须牢记大量的戏剧已经被遗忘了，并且有可能没有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下来。

Section IV Writing

51.【参考范文】

Dear professors，I, on behalf of the Students’ Union, am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony.The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning, from 9 a.m.to 11 a.m.The details about the ceremony are as follows.First and foremost, the president will make a speech for the graduates, blessing them to have a bright future.In addition, several experts will be invited to issuing certificates to all the graduates.It would be a great honor for us to have the accompany of all of you in the graduation ceremony.Therefore, we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day.Your sincerely，Li Ming

52.【参考范文】

Exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting before a computer, a college student is choosing his optional class, wondering and pondering whether he should choose an easier course or a tougher but creative course.Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning it conveys is profound and thought-provoking.It is beyond doubt that the painter aims to tell us that everyone, especially college students, should have the spirit of creation and innovation.To put it another way, innovation is an essential and indispensable role for anyone who wants to succeed.This can be directly attributed to the fact that one may be caught in dilemma, at least once in life.Such a dilemma may coincidentally be most difficult period in his life.Then there are two choices before him: making a creative choice or an easier one.If he chooses the former and tries to break through the barrier, difficult as it will be, success will be the result one day.However, although it seems to be much easier for him at the moment, the latter choice may kill off his dream and ambition, and such choice then will be a pity all his life.As college student, definitely, we are facing or will face many difficulties.At such moment, we should bear in mind that creation is a necessary and indispensable quality in our life, a positive attitude to life and an approach to success.Keep the spirit of innovation, and we will win a better life.